These articles from Al Riyadh newspaper cover a range of topics including Saudi Arabia’s domestic and international affairs, focusing on economic development, social initiatives, and foreign policy efforts such as mediating international disputes and supporting stability in Syria. They also highlight regional economic matters, particularly OPEC+ discussions on oil production and global oil market trends, alongside various community and cultural events within the Kingdom, like Ramadan initiatives, development projects in holy sites, and cultural competitions. Furthermore, the publication addresses sports news and brief international updates, offering a snapshot of current events.

Source Material Study Guide

I. Quiz

Instructions: Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each, based on the provided source material.

1. According to the source, what are some of the goals and activities of the Saudi Council of Ministers?
2. What information did the Saudi Ministry of Interior reportedly provide to the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, and what was the context?
3. What is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s stance on the Israeli actions in Gaza and Syria, as expressed in the provided text?
4. What are the plans of the OPEC+ alliance regarding oil production, and what are the potential consequences?
5. What was the outcome of the Israeli airstrikes in Gaza mentioned in the article, and what was the reaction to these events?
6. According to the article, what is the strategic importance of stability in Syria for Gulf countries?
7. What is the “Munafis” award, and what are its objectives, as described in the text?
8. What efforts are being made in Mecca to serve pilgrims during Ramadan, according to the “Ta’dheem Al Balad Al Haram” project?
9. What are the goals of the “Basta Khair Al Saudia” initiative launched by the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing in the Al-Qassim region?
10. What are some of the objectives of the Prince Muhammad bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques?

II. Quiz Answer Key

1. The Saudi Council of Ministers supports developmental and service projects, enhances the social care and protection system, and invests capabilities and energies to advance national progress and meet the aspirations of the nation. It also reviews the performance of the Council’s institutions and discusses the Kingdom’s improved credit rating while continuing structural and non-oil economic diversification in line with Vision 2030.
2. The Saudi Ministry of Interior provided information to the Iraqi Ministry of Interior that led to the thwarting of an attempt to smuggle seven million tablets of amphetamine. This cooperation between the two countries’ interior ministries highlights their collaborative efforts in combating drug trafficking.
3. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia strongly condemned the resumption of the Israeli occupation’s aggression on the Gaza Strip, including the direct bombing of populated civilian areas, and the shelling of Syrian territories. The Foreign Ministry expressed its denunciation and disapproval of these actions.
4. The OPEC+ alliance, including Saudi Arabia and Russia, plans to gradually cancel voluntary production cuts starting from April 2025. This move aims to increase supply but may also lead to increased pressure on oil prices, especially if global demand does not grow sufficiently.
5. The Israeli airstrikes in Gaza resulted in hundreds of martyrs and injuries, according to the Ministry of Health in Gaza. Paramedics, rescue teams, and citizens were reported to be struggling to provide first aid to the injured amidst ongoing airstrikes.
6. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states believe that the stability and security of Syria are a necessity not only for Syria itself but also for the Gulf, Arab, and international regions. They emphasize that a strong, secure, and stable Syria serves the interests of all these parties.
7. The “Munafis” award, presented in Taif, recognizes outstanding students and aims to encourage a generation capable of facing the challenges of Vision 2030. It supports their academic journey and is considered a prominent program that contributes to developing the capabilities of the nation’s youth.
8. The “Ta’dheem Al Balad Al Haram” project in Mecca has volunteers providing services to pilgrims during Ramadan, including guidance, organizing movements, assisting the elderly, and directing lost individuals. In nearly 300 volunteer hours, they assisted over 2,900 beneficiaries in the Holy Mosque and its courtyards.
9. The “Basta Khair Al Saudia” initiative in the Al-Qassim region aims to support and empower street vendors by providing organized and vibrant environments for them to display their products and services. It seeks to enhance the region’s heritage identity and create a unique Ramadan atmosphere.
10. The Prince Muhammad bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques aims to rehabilitate historical mosques for worship and prayer, restore the architectural authenticity of these mosques, highlight the historical and cultural dimension of Saudi Arabia, and preserve authentic urban features in line with Vision 2030.

III. Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of regional stability, counter-terrorism efforts, and economic development as highlighted in the provided excerpts concerning Saudi Arabia’s foreign and domestic policies.
2. Discuss the potential implications of OPEC+’s decision to gradually increase oil production in 2025, considering factors such as global demand, market stability, and the broader economic landscape.
3. Evaluate the significance of Saudi Arabia’s condemnation of Israeli actions and its support for a peaceful resolution in the Palestinian territories and Syria, within the context of its regional diplomatic role.
4. Examine the various initiatives and projects discussed in the sources (e.g., “Munafis” award, “Ta’dheem Al Balad Al Haram,” historical mosque development, “Basta Khair Al Saudia”) as reflections of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals and priorities.
5. Critically assess the challenges and opportunities facing the Chinese economy as outlined in the “China and 5% Growth Challenges” article, and consider how global trade dynamics and domestic policies intersect with these issues.

IV. Glossary of Key Terms

• مجلس الوزراء (Majlis al-Wuzara’): The Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia, the main executive body of the government.
• رؤية المملكة 2030 (Ru’yah al-Mamlakah 2030): The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, a strategic framework to reduce the kingdom’s reliance on hydrocarbons, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• تهريب المخدرات (Tahrib al-Mukhaddarat): Drug smuggling or trafficking, the illegal movement of controlled substances.
• التعنت الإسرائيلي (At-Ta’annut al-Isra’ili): Israeli intransigence or obstinacy, referring to a perceived unwillingness to compromise or negotiate.
• قطاع غزة (Qita’ Ghazzah): The Gaza Strip, a self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
• أوبك + (OPEC+): A broader group of oil-producing countries formed in 2016, which includes the 13 member countries of OPEC and 10 other non-OPEC oil-exporting countries, most notably Russia.
• تخفيضات الإنتاج الطوعية (Takhfidat al-Intaj at-Taw’iyah): Voluntary production cuts, referring to decisions by oil-producing nations to reduce the amount of oil they extract from the ground.
• التقييم الائتماني (At-Taqyim al-I’timani): Credit rating, an assessment of the creditworthiness of a borrower in general terms or with respect to a particular debt or financial obligation.
• بسطة خير السعودية (Basta Khair As-Saudia): “Saudi Arabia’s Good Stall” initiative, aimed at supporting and empowering street vendors.
• تعظيم البلد الحرام (Ta’dheem Al Balad Al Haram): Glorifying the Holy Land, a project in Mecca focused on serving pilgrims and visitors.
• صندوق النفقة ( صندوق النفقة ): نفقة Fund (Nafaqa Fund), likely a fund related to alimony or family support payments within the Ministry of Justice.
• جودة الحياة (Jawdat Al-Hayah): Quality of Life, a program under Vision 2030 focused on improving the lifestyle of citizens and residents.

Briefing Document: Analysis of News Articles from “20718.pdf”

Date: October 26, 2023 (Based on Issue Number and Mentioned Dates) Source: Excerpts from “20718.pdf” (presumably Al-Riyadh Newspaper, Issue 20718, dated Wednesday, 19-3-2025, 62nd Year)

Overview:

This briefing document summarizes the main themes and important information presented in the provided excerpts from the Arabic newspaper “20718.pdf”. The articles cover a diverse range of topics, reflecting current affairs and local initiatives within Saudi Arabia and the wider region. Key themes include economic developments, regional political issues (Syria, Gaza), local development projects, social initiatives (supporting orphans, promoting volunteerism), cultural heritage preservation, and international relations (OPEC+, US-China).

Main Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

1. Economic Developments & Vision 2030:

• Council of Ministers Review: The Council of Ministers reviewed progress on developmental and service projects, emphasizing the strengthening of social care and protection systems, and the utilization of national capacities to advance achievements. This aligns with the goals of Vision 2030.
• Quote:
• National Economy and Credit Rating: The Council addressed the performance of the national economy and the Kingdom’s improved credit ratings from international agencies, alongside the ongoing implementation of structural reforms and unprecedented economic diversification in line with Vision 2030 objectives.
• Quote:
• OPEC+ Production Cuts: The article discusses the anticipation of increased oil supplies from OPEC+ countries and Russia, including Saudi Arabia, as members plan to gradually cancel voluntary production cuts starting from April 2025. This increase, amounting to 138,000 barrels per day initially, aims to balance supply but could also pressure prices if global demand doesn’t grow sufficiently.
• Quote:
• Gold Price Surge: The price of gold reached its highest level on record, surpassing $3,000 per ounce due to increased global uncertainties, trade tensions, and geopolitical instability, attracting investor interest.
• Quote:
• China’s Economic Challenges: An opinion piece discusses China’s economic slowdown, facing challenges like trade tensions with the US and Europe, a real estate crisis, and slowing domestic consumption, despite being the world’s second-largest economy.

2. Regional Political Issues:

• Syria’s Situation: The Council of Ministers emphasized the rapid developments in Syria, requiring a unified stance to ensure its territorial integrity and sovereignty. The GCC stands with the Syrian people, believing a strong and stable Syria is in the interest of the Gulf, Arab, and international communities. The GCC Ministerial Council held an extraordinary session in Kuwait in December 2024 to support efforts towards a political settlement.
• Quote:
• Renewed Israeli Aggression in Gaza: Following a claimed rejection by Hamas of proposed deals for the release of prisoners, Israel resumed its offensive on the Gaza Strip with intensive airstrikes, resulting in numerous martyrs and injuries. Humanitarian conditions are dire, with hospitals facing shortages.
• Quote: “
• Saudi Arabia’s Role in International Mediation: Saudi Arabia hosted talks between Russia and the United States in Riyadh in February 2025 and between the US and Ukraine in Jeddah in March 2025, reflecting its commitment to fostering security and peace and its belief in dialogue as the sole solution to international crises.
• Quote:”
• Lebanon-Syria Border Tensions: Tensions rose on the Lebanon-Syria border, resulting in casualties. An agreement for a ceasefire was reportedly reached between the Lebanese and Syrian defense ministers.

3. Local Development Projects and Initiatives:

• Support for Developmental Projects: The Council reiterated its support for developmental and service projects across the Kingdom.
• Taif Education Award “Munafis”: Prince Saud bin Nahar bin Saud, the Governor of Taif, honored the winners of the “Munafis” award, recognizing outstanding students. The award aims to encourage a capable generation to meet the challenges of Vision 2030 and focuses on developing students’ capabilities through five tracks.
• Support for Orphans: Prince Bandar bin Saud bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Governor of the Eastern Province, received a group of orphans in conjunction with Arab Orphan Day, emphasizing the government’s special care for orphans and its commitment to providing them with a dignified and stable life.
• Al-Ahsa Charity Association Achievements: The Al-Ahsa Charity Association reviewed its 2024 achievements, including significant volunteer hours and beneficiaries served. The Governor of Al-Ahsa honored winners of Quran and Sunnah competitions and recognized supporters and volunteers.
• Geospatial Data for Ministry of Interior: The Ministry of Interior is developing a comprehensive geospatial system for its assets, aiming to enhance planning, decision-making, spending efficiency, and integration between projects and entities, supporting the digital transformation and smart government concept.
• Historical Mosques Development Project: The second phase of the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques includes the Al-Abbas Mosque in Jazan, one of the oldest in the region. The project focuses on renovating mosques according to their original architectural style using natural building materials while preserving their historical features. The project aims to rehabilitate mosques for worship, restore their architectural authenticity, and highlight their religious and cultural significance, aligning with Vision 2030.
• Quote:
• Infrastructure Development in Makkah: Makkah has a well-developed infrastructure, including numerous tunnels and bridges that help manage traffic flow for pilgrims and residents.
• “Magnifying the Sacred Land” Project: Volunteers with this project in Makkah provided significant services to pilgrims during Ramadan, including guidance and assisting the elderly, contributing to the goal of reaching one million volunteers as part of Vision 2030.
• Ramadan Iftar Meals at the Grand Mosque: Over 10 million iftar meals were provided at the Grand Mosque in Makkah during the first eighteen days of Ramadan.
• Hail Municipality Initiatives: The Hail Municipality inspected the Barzan Souq and launched the “Wasat Al-Balad” event to attract visitors and revive the heritage identity of the region during Ramadan.
• “Basta Khair Al-Saudiya” Initiative: The Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, in partnership with municipalities, launched this initiative to support and empower itinerant vendors across the Kingdom during Ramadan, providing designated and licensed spaces for their activities. The Qassim Municipality also launched this initiative in Buraidah, offering a platform for vendors to showcase their products in a vibrant environment.
• Qassim Health Cluster’s “Sum Biseha” Campaign: This campaign aims to raise health awareness and encourage healthy lifestyles during Ramadan, including initiatives promoting walking, sufficient sleep, and regular check-ups.
• Improvements in Online Charitable Donations: The process of donating through the “Jood Eskan” platform has become easier and more streamlined with the launch of a dedicated mobile application.

4. Social and Cultural Initiatives:

• Volunteer Work: The importance of volunteer work is highlighted through the “Magnifying the Sacred Land” project and the Al-Ahsa Charity Association’s achievements, aligning with Vision 2030’s goals for increasing volunteerism.
• Preservation of Islamic Heritage: The Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques underscores the Kingdom’s commitment to preserving its religious and cultural heritage.
• Saudi Traditions and Values: An article emphasizes the noble values, principles, and constructive directions of Saudi Arabia’s policies, highlighting its role in confronting extremism and promoting development and stability regionally and internationally.
• Increased Saudization in Hospitality: The rate of Saudization in the hospitality and hotel sector in Makkah has increased significantly, reaching over 40% in 2023 compared to 2022.
• Popular Saudi Cuisine: There is a growing demand from Umrah performers for popular Saudi dishes.
• Scout Girls Serving Pilgrims: Female scouts are providing valuable services to patients in the Holy Mosques’ centers, embodying the spirit of compassion and humanitarianism.
• Reduction in Traffic Fines: The General Traffic Department called on citizens and residents to take advantage of the extension for the reduction of accumulated traffic fines, offering a 50% exemption until 18/4/2025.
• Saudi Student Wins Award in “Environment Architect”: A female master’s student from King Abdulaziz University won second place in a competition organized by the International Union of Environment Architects in Mexico.
• Al-Nafaqah Fund’s Role in Family Stability: The Al-Nafaqah ( النفقة – Alimony) Fund has contributed to the financial stability of many families by disbursing monthly alimony payments without delay, benefiting over 23,000 beneficiaries in 2024.

5. Sports:

• Saudi National Football Team Preparations: The Saudi national football team is preparing for its upcoming Asian Qualifiers matches against China and Japan for the 2026 World Cup. Coach Hervé Renard held a press conference to discuss the matches.
• AFC U-23 Championship: The article provides details about the AFC U-23 Championship, highlighting previous editions and Saudi Arabia’s hosting of the fifth edition in Al-Ahsa.

Quotes Highlighting Key Themes:

• (Vision 2030 & Economic Reform): (Only a strong and secure Syria is not just in Syria’s interest, but in the interest of the Gulf, Arab, and international communities.)
• (Historical Preservation):” (The Al-Abbas Mosque project, whose construction dates back to the year 1262 AH, will develop the building using the same original natural materials and will preserve the mosque’s form, which is distinguished by its three domes that characterize its architecture, …)
• (Volunteerism & Vision 2030):” (The talks come within the framework of the Kingdom’s efforts to enhance security and peace in the world, and its belief that dialogue is the only way to resolve all international crises and bring the views of the two sides closer, to reach fruitful results that reflect on the effort to achieve international security and peace.)

Conclusion:

The excerpts from “20718.pdf” paint a picture of a dynamic Saudi Arabia actively engaged in pursuing its Vision 2030 goals through economic diversification, infrastructure development, and social initiatives. The Kingdom is also playing a significant role in regional and international politics, seeking to mediate conflicts and promote stability. The local news highlights a focus on education, community support, and the preservation of national heritage, reflecting a multi-faceted approach to progress and development. The economic news indicates both opportunities and challenges in the global landscape, with Saudi Arabia adapting to evolving oil markets and benefiting from the surge in gold prices. The ongoing conflicts in the region, particularly in Gaza, remain a significant concern.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What were the main economic and developmental points discussed in the Saudi Council meeting?

The Saudi Council reviewed the progress of developmental and service projects, emphasizing the importance of enhancing social welfare and protection systems, and investing in national capabilities to meet the aspirations of the nation. The Council also addressed the performance of national economic institutions and highlighted the Kingdom’s improved credit ratings from global agencies, alongside the ongoing implementation of structural reforms aimed at non-oil economic diversification in line with the goals of Vision 2030.

2. What security concerns and initiatives were highlighted during the Saudi Council meeting?

The meeting underscored the proactive security measures taken against drug smuggling networks, particularly the thwarting of an attempt to smuggle seven million amphetamine pills based on intelligence provided by the Saudi Ministry of Interior. The Council praised the cooperation with friendly and brotherly nations, especially the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, in these efforts.

3. What is the anticipated impact of OPEC+ plans to gradually cancel voluntary oil production cuts?

OPEC+ plans to incrementally lift voluntary production cuts starting in April 2025, potentially adding 138,000 barrels per day to the market initially. While this could help balance supply levels, it might also increase pressure on oil prices, especially if global demand does not grow sufficiently. Concerns are rising about a potential oversupply even as global economic slowdown could reduce demand. OPEC+ maintained its demand growth forecast for 2025 at 1.45 million barrels per day, unchanged from the previous month.

4. What stance did Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations take regarding the situation in Syria?

GCC nations emphasized that the stability and territorial integrity of Syria are a security necessity for the region. They expressed firm conviction that a strong, secure, and stable Syria is not only in Syria’s interest but also in the interest of the Gulf, Arab world, and the international community. The GCC Ministerial Council convened an extraordinary meeting in Kuwait to support all efforts aimed at achieving a comprehensive political settlement in Syria, ensuring the safety of civilians and preserving the institutions and capabilities of the Syrian state.

5. What initiatives are being undertaken in Saudi Arabia to support students and foster talent in line with Vision 2030?

The Prince Saud bin Nahar bin Saud Al Saud honored 43 outstanding students with the “Munaafis” award in Taif, recognizing their achievements in national tracks. This award is part of programs encouraging a capable generation to meet the ten challenges of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. The “Munaafis” prize supports five tracks aimed at developing human capabilities: academic achievement, international tests, volunteer work, scientific innovation and talent, and future skills and entrepreneurship.

6. How is Saudi Arabia supporting orphans and promoting social welfare?

Prince Bandar bin Saud bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Governor of the Eastern Province, received a group of orphans in conjunction with Arab Orphan Day. He affirmed the special care given to orphans by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, highlighting the provision of dignified and stable lives, fulfillment of their needs, and empowerment for self-reliance. Similarly, the Al-Ahsa Charity Association, with the support of the Governor, achieved over 10 million riyals in volunteer returns in 2024, benefiting over 80,000 individuals through its programs.

7. What efforts are being made in Saudi Arabia to preserve historical mosques and enhance their role?

The Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques is in its second phase, which includes the restoration of the Al-Abbas Mosque in the Jazan region, one of the oldest and most prominent heritage buildings in the area. The project aims to renovate mosques according to their unique architectural style using original natural building materials, while also expanding their capacity and ensuring their preservation over time. This initiative aligns with Vision 2030’s focus on preserving authentic urban characteristics and highlighting the historical and cultural significance of these mosques across the Kingdom. The second phase covers 30 mosques in 13 regions, following the first phase which rehabilitated 30 historical mosques in 10 regions.

8. What are some of the initiatives in Mecca aimed at serving pilgrims and visitors during Ramadan?

The “Ta’dheem Al-Balad Al-Haram” project saw volunteers contribute approximately 300 volunteer hours during Ramadan to serve pilgrims in Mecca. They provided guidance, assisted the elderly, managed wheelchairs, and supported lost individuals in the Haram Mosque and its courtyards, benefiting around 2900 people. Additionally, over 10 million iftar meals were provided in the Haram Mosque during the first eighteen days of Ramadan. These efforts aim to enhance the experience of pilgrims and contribute to the goal of reaching one million volunteers, a key objective of Vision 2030.

Saudi Arabia Council of Ministers Decisions and Statements

The Council of Ministers, chaired by the Crown Prince, has made several decisions and expressed support for various initiatives, as detailed in the sources.

In the initial part of a session, the Crown Prince briefed the Council on the content of phone calls with the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and the Prime Minister of the Italian Republic, Giorgia Meloni. Following this, the Council reviewed the latest developments in the Arab, regional, and international arenas, reiterating the Kingdom’s firm positions on these matters and emphasizing its keenness and support for efforts aimed at achieving security and stability in the region and worldwide.

The Council also strongly condemned the resumption of aggression by the Israeli occupation forces against the Gaza Strip, stressing the importance of the international community assuming its responsibilities to put an immediate end to these crimes and the resulting humanitarian suffering of the Palestinian people.

Furthermore, the Council expressed its welcome for the completion of negotiations and the reaching of a peace agreement between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Armenia, and its commendation for the border demarcation agreement between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, wishing these countries and their people continued progress and prosperity.

In local affairs, the Council noted the launch of the Saudi Architecture Map, which includes nineteen architectural styles that embody the Kingdom’s geographical, natural, and cultural characteristics, within the framework of celebrating the urban heritage of the Kingdom and enhancing the quality of life and developing the urban landscape.

The Council reviewed various topics on its agenda, including those studied by the Shura Council, and concluded with the following decisions:

• Authorizing the Minister of Interior (or his representative) to discuss with the Egyptian side a draft memorandum of understanding in the field of scientific, training, and research activities between the Saudi and Egyptian Ministries of Interior, and to sign it.
• Approving a memorandum of cooperation in the cultural field between the Saudi Ministry of Culture, Education and Sports, and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
• Approving a memorandum of understanding between the Saudi Ministry of Economy and Planning and the Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Investment of the Union of Comoros for cooperation in the economic field.
• Authorizing the Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing (or his representative) to discuss with the Qatari side a draft memorandum of understanding between the General Real Estate Authority in Saudi Arabia and the Real Estate Regulatory Authority in Qatar for cooperation in the real estate sector, and to sign it.
• Approving an agreement between the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the government of the Republic of Iceland regarding the avoidance of double taxation and tax evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital, and the accompanying protocol.
• Approving an agreement between the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan regarding cooperation and mutual assistance in customs matters.
• Approving two agreements between the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the governments of the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Suriname.
• The Council also approved the final accounts of the National Committee for Tobacco Control, the Saudi Red Crescent Authority, the Saudi Industrial Development Fund, the National Competitiveness Center, and the National Center for Water Efficiency and Rationalization for two previous fiscal years.
• The Council approved the promotion of Mohammed bin Omar bin Mohammed Al-Wuhaibi to the position of (Business Consultant) at the (Fourteenth) rank in the Ministry of Interior, and Mahmoud bin Fahd bin Munahi Al-Suqair to the position of (Director General) at the (Fourteenth) rank in the Ministry of Health.

Furthermore, the Council supported the UN’s transitional mission in Syria, emphasizing the importance of the international community being a partner in rebuilding Syria, not just an observer.

The Council of Ministers is also recognized for its significant efforts in promoting international peace, security, stability, and global prosperity, establishing the Kingdom as a global symbol in this regard.

Kingdom’s Efforts Against Drug Smuggling

The Council of Ministers has acknowledged and appreciated the preemptive efforts to counter the activities of drug smuggling networks. This indicates that the Kingdom is actively working to combat drug trafficking.

Additionally, the General Authority of Zakat and Tax and Customs is mentioned as being part of the National Committee for Tobacco Control. While the focus is on tobacco, customs authorities generally play a role in preventing the smuggling of various illicit goods, including drugs.

The issue of drugs is also mentioned in the context of societal problems alongside corruption, suggesting an awareness of the negative impacts of drug trafficking. Furthermore, broader efforts to combat negative behaviors like harassment and corruption demonstrate a general approach towards tackling illicit activities, which could encompass drug trafficking.

Syria: Regional Condemnation, Reconstruction, and Border Issues

The sources contain several pieces of information regarding the Syrian Arab Republic.

Firstly, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has strongly condemned the actions of the Israeli occupation forces against Syria. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed the Kingdom’s denunciation and condemnation of the bombing of Syrian territories by Israeli occupation forces, considering it a flagrant violation of international law and an attempt to destabilize the security and stability of the brotherly Syrian Arab Republic and the region. The Kingdom has urged the international community to promptly address these attacks and violations. It specifically stressed the importance of the Security Council member states taking serious and firm action against these continuous Israeli aggressions in Syria, preventing their expansion, and activating international accountability mechanisms. The Kingdom also reiterated its solidarity with Syria, both its government and its people.

Secondly, the reconstruction of Syria and the achievement of its stability are highlighted as a significant concern. The Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Jassim Muhammad Al-Budaiwi, emphasized that this is a humanitarian and security necessity for the entire region. He affirmed that the GCC will continue to support all initiatives aimed at Syria’s recovery along a path away from conflicts, built upon the foundations of justice, development, and stability. This statement was made during the ninth Brussels conference on Syria. The GCC urges all relevant partners, countries, and organizations to provide all means of support to the brotherly Syrian people.

Furthermore, the GCC has acknowledged the positive steps taken by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union in easing some sanctions imposed on Syria. The GCC ministerial council also held a joint meeting with the foreign minister of the Syrian Arab Republic to discuss ways to support the Syrian people and provide all assistance during this crucial stage. The GCC states have been actively involved in providing humanitarian and relief support to Syria, sending hundreds of tons of medical and food aid through air and land bridges. They have also implemented dozens of volunteer programs in the health sector, benefiting tens of thousands of people, and launched training programs for specialists in various medical fields.

Thirdly, the issue of violence on the Lebanese-Syrian border is reported. Clashes led to the killing of three Syrian military personnel. The Syrian Ministry of Defense accused Hezbollah of kidnapping and killing these soldiers, an accusation that Hezbollah vehemently denied. Renewed clashes were also reported in the Al-Sayed Housh area. The Lebanese army stated it responded after Syrian fire targeted its area. Subsequently, the Syrian Ministry of Defense announced it had begun a “sweeping” operation in Syrian territories bordering western Lebanon, near Al-Qusayr, with the stated goal of “expelling” groups like Hezbollah that allegedly use these areas for drug smuggling. The Lebanese government has directed ministers to coordinate with Syrian authorities regarding border issues and formed a ministerial committee to control the borders and combat smuggling.

Finally, the Syrian Foreign Minister asserted that Syria will not reconcile with any attempts to infringe upon its sovereignty, blaming “outlaw groups,” including some militias on the border with neighboring countries, for posing a threat.

Al-Riyadh Daily: March 19, 2025 – Issue 20718

Here is a summary of each page of the provided document “20718.pdf”:

• Page 1: This page contains the newspaper’s masthead information, including its name (جريدة الرياض – Al-Riyadh Daily), date (Wednesday, March 19, 2025), issue number (20718), and website. It also mentions “poetic images”, a “Mushaynis activity”, “popular dishes”, and “field progress for the Sudanese army in central Khartoum”. Keywords include “word”, “Council of Ministers”, and “reviewing paths of support for development and service projects”.
• Page 2: Reports on the Crown Prince’s phone calls with the President of Russia and the Prime Minister of Italy, discussing regional and international developments and the Kingdom’s firm positions. It also strongly condemns the resumption of aggression by the Israeli occupation forces against the Gaza Strip, stressing the importance of international intervention.
• Page 3: Announces the Council of Ministers’ welcome for the peace agreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia and the border demarcation agreement between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It also highlights the launch of the Saudi Architecture Map, showcasing nineteen architectural styles reflecting the Kingdom’s heritage.
• Page 4: Mentions the Council’s approval to reconstitute the “Bankruptcy Committee” and add several entities to the National Committee for Tobacco Control. It also discusses the Kingdom’s efforts to promote global peace, including the Ukrainian crisis, and criticizes Israeli intransigence regarding international resolutions, settlements, Gaza, and peace negotiations.
• Page 5: Continues the discussion on Israeli intransigence and its ongoing aggression in Gaza, disregarding international law. It emphasizes the Kingdom’s continuous efforts to alleviate Palestinian suffering and the Council’s call for immediate international intervention.
• Page 6: Concludes the commentary on Israeli intransigence, warning that peace opportunities may diminish. It also features the headline “The Kingdom condemns the resumption of the occupation’s aggression on Gaza and the bombing of Syrian territories”.
• Page 7: Details the Kingdom’s condemnation of the renewed Israeli aggression on Gaza and the bombing of populated areas, emphasizing the violation of international humanitarian law. It stresses the need for an immediate halt to violence and protection of Palestinian civilians, urging international action. The Kingdom also denounces the Israeli bombing of Syrian territories as a breach of international law and a destabilizing act.
• Page 8: Further elaborates on the Kingdom’s condemnation of Israeli violations in Syria, urging the international community and the Security Council to take decisive action and ensure accountability. It reiterates solidarity with Syria. It also includes the headline “Reconstitution of the Bankruptcy Committee and inclusion of four entities in ‘Tobacco Control’”.
• Page 9: Reports on the Israeli Prime Minister’s office announcing the resumption of attacks on Gaza, targeting alleged Hamas sites, with Israeli security forces confirming intensified operations. Palestinian sources reported bombing of refugee camps, schools, and mosques, resulting in casualties.
• Page 10: Quotes Hamas accusing Netanyahu of reneging on a ceasefire and blaming the “mediators”. Headlines include “Council of Ministers appreciates the preemptive countering of drug smuggling network activities” and “Launch of the Saudi Architecture Map in celebration of the Kingdom’s urban heritage”.
• Page 11: Recaps the Crown Prince’s phone calls and the Council’s review of international developments, reaffirming the Kingdom’s commitment to security and stability. It again condemns the renewed Israeli aggression on Gaza and stresses the need for international intervention to end Palestinian suffering.
• Page 12: Continues the report on the Council meeting, with the Minister of Media welcoming the peace agreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia and the border demarcation agreement between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It also reiterates the noting of the Saudi Architecture Map launch.
• Page 13: Reports on the Council’s review of various agenda items, including those studied by the Shura Council, covering political, security, economic, and developmental affairs. It lists the first decision: authorizing the Minister of Interior to discuss and sign a memorandum of understanding with Egypt.
• Page 14: Continues listing Council decisions: approving cultural cooperation with Japan, economic cooperation with the Union of Comoros, and authorizing the Minister of Municipalities and Housing to discuss real estate cooperation with Qatar.
• Page 15: Continues listing Council decisions: approving a double taxation agreement with Iceland and agreements on customs cooperation with Pakistan and air transport services with Lithuania and Suriname.
• Page 16: Continues listing Council decisions: approving a memorandum with UNICEF on a survey, a memorandum with Mauritania on education evaluation, and a memorandum with Pakistan on technical and vocational training.
• Page 17: Continues listing Council decisions: approving the Saudi Association for Internal Auditors to discuss a memorandum with the Malaysian Institute of Internal Auditors on internal auditing and related fields.
• Page 18: Continues listing Council decisions: reconstituting the “Bankruptcy Committee” with new members and adding several entities to the National Committee for Tobacco Control, including the General Authority of Zakat and Tax and Customs.
• Page 19: Continues listing Council decisions: approving the final accounts of several national organizations and approving promotions in the Ministries of Interior and Health. It also mentions the Council reviewing other annual reports.
• Page 20: Reports on the Deputy Governor of the Eastern Province’s visit to an event for orphans, emphasizing the Kingdom’s care for them and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development’s role in providing support.
• Page 21: Continues the report on the Deputy Governor’s visit to the orphan event in Al-Ahsa, highlighting the provision of a breakfast meal and the leadership’s attention to orphans, with expressions of gratitude from the children.
• Page 22: Reports on a meeting reviewing topics related to enhancing security, achieving development, and serving the nation, including strengthening emirates’ capabilities and promoting the non-profit sector. It also includes appreciation for the leadership’s services during Ramadan.
• Page 23: Reports on the “Aja Technical Conference” being presented to the Deputy Governor of Hail, noting wide expert participation and discussions.
• Page 24: Features photographs from various local events and includes the headline “Crown Prince’s project renews Al-Abbas Mosque in Jazan”.
• Page 25: Discusses the Hail municipality’s efforts to improve services for visitors and support small and medium enterprises, focusing on health and commercial standards.
• Page 26: Reports on the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing’s initiative to support street vendors during Ramadan across the Kingdom.
• Page 27: Continues the report on the street vendor support initiative, detailing its goals and mentioning a prize to enhance the region’s heritage identity in Qassim. It also notes “Training courses”.
• Page 28: Reports on field awareness campaigns by health teams promoting preventive care. It notes wide public engagement and includes sections “Pages from the History of Mecca” and “Children Reflect”.
• Page 29: Discusses the importance of names in Islamic culture, their reflection of identity and history, and the Prophet’s (PBUH) guidance on choosing good names. It mentions the influence of the Quran and Sunnah and variations in naming practices across Islamic countries.
• Page 30: Continues the discussion on Islamic naming traditions, highlighting regional preferences for historical or compound religious names, particularly in certain countries like India and Pakistan. It then discusses naming traditions in Turkey with deep religious and historical connections.
• Page 31: Concludes the section on Islamic naming traditions, emphasizing the positive religious and moral connotations of these names and the diversity of Islamic names in Africa influenced by local languages and cultures.
• Page 32: Begins an article on “The Historical Geography of Old Medina”, discussing the Prophet’s (PBUH) migration and the city’s geographical characteristics as the base of Islam, including its topography, division into upper and lower parts, and volcanic formations.
• Page 33: Continues the article on Medina’s geography, noting its proneness to drought despite not having specific rainy seasons. It mentions the Prophet’s (PBUH) practices during rain and cold and a Hadith about enduring Medina’s climate. It also notes occasional floods. It includes “Ramadan Days”.
• Page 34: Begins an article “Pure Milk From Between Dung and Blood”, quoting the Quran about milk and its nutritional value, detailing its composition and origin from livestock like cows.
• Page 35: Continues the article on milk production, explaining the complex digestive process in cows that transforms simple food into milk in their four-compartment stomachs.
• Page 36: Concludes the article on milk production and includes the titles “Islamic Naming Traditions in Different Parts of the World” and author information. It then starts an article on “Mecca in the Era of Ibrahim… Between Administrative Stability and Political Turmoil”, discussing the Umayyad state’s decline and Mecca’s situation within it.
• Page 37: Continues the article on Mecca during Ibrahim’s rule, noting his short and unstable reign amidst the weakening Umayyad authority, particularly with the rise of Marwan bin Muhammad.
• Page 38: Continues the article, stating that Mecca remained relatively stable despite the Umayyad state’s chaos, though influenced by central authority changes and local tribal powers. It then discusses Ibrahim’s abdication under pressure, leading to the end of his rule and Marwan becoming the last Umayyad Caliph.
• Page 39: Concludes the article on Mecca between the Umayyads’ fall and the Abbasids’ rise, considering Ibrahim’s era a sign of weakening central authority, paving the way for Abbasid rule and integrating Mecca into a new political landscape.
• Page 40: Begins an article “Small Companies… and Digital Solutions”, discussing challenges for small businesses in adopting digital technologies like fear of change and overconfidence in old methods.
• Page 41: Continues the article on digital solutions for small businesses, noting the success of those who adapted and emphasizing the need for accelerated digital transformation. It also starts an article on Saudi women finding job opportunities in Mecca hotels.
• Page 42: Continues the article on job opportunities for Saudi women in Mecca hotels. It then discusses global economic impacts of trade disputes on oil demand and prices, mentioning the US Federal Reserve’s role and the dollar’s influence.
• Page 43: Continues the discussion on oil markets, reporting on the US dollar’s slight increase and US airstrikes against Houthis affecting Red Sea shipping and global oil markets. It also notes China’s plan to boost domestic consumption and strong economic data.
• Page 44: Continues the section on the global economy, mentioning Guyana. It then presents an opinion piece on China’s economic slowdown and various challenges it faces, including trade tensions and domestic issues.
• Page 45: Continues the opinion piece on China’s economy. It then features analysis on declining oil prices due to geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and the US-China trade war.
• Page 46: Continues the oil market analysis, noting the escalation in geopolitical tensions with the Gaza ceasefire collapse and Houthi attacks, raising concerns of conflict with Iran impacting oil supplies.
• Page 47: Continues the oil market analysis, discussing potential Iranian retaliation and the impact of US trade wars on oil prices, along with possible increased supply from OPEC+ and the US.
• Page 48: Continues the oil market analysis, noting mixed signals about China’s economic resilience amidst trade wars, with industrial growth but persistent unemployment affecting domestic demand.
• Page 49: Concludes the oil market analysis, stating that despite Chinese stimulus, the market remains subject to global supply and demand and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.
• Page 50: Reports on casualties in Gaza due to ongoing Israeli raids and reiterates the announcement of resumed Israeli attacks.
• Page 51: Includes a UN warning about the risk of ethnic cleansing in the occupied Palestinian territories due to Israeli actions and the worst attacks in the West Bank since the Second Intifada.
• Page 52: Reports on the GCC’s emphasis on the need for Syria’s reconstruction and stability as a regional humanitarian and security necessity, made at the Brussels conference. It also notes the Sudanese army regaining control of a headquarters.
• Page 53: Continues the report on the GCC’s stance on Syria, mentioning calls for support, the easing of some sanctions, a joint meeting with the Syrian foreign minister, and the GCC’s humanitarian aid efforts.
• Page 54: Reports on violence on the Lebanese-Syrian border, including clashes, accusations between Syria and Hezbollah, a Syrian military operation, and Lebanese efforts to control the border. Syria asserts its sovereignty.
• Page 55: Introduces the Ramadan drama series “Yawmiyat Rajul Anis” and another drama “I’dh Rabana”.
• Page 56: Continues describing Ramadan dramas, including “Bait Khamsh Al-Humoula”.
• Page 57: Describes more Ramadan dramas, including “Jacks from Science 2” and “Abou Shamil and Umm Shamil”, and mentions “Layali Al-Dhamisi”.
• Page 58: Continues describing Ramadan dramas, detailing “Layali Al-Dhamisi” and introducing “Sayd Al-Nas”.
• Page 59: Introduces more Ramadan dramas, including the historical “Muawiya” and the comedy “Ashghal Shaqqa Jiddan”.
• Page 60: Reports on a discussion about “Critical Thinking: A Systematic Analysis, Not Rejection”.
• Page 61: Continues the report on critical thinking, discussing its relation to creativity and the importance of dialogue.
• Page 62: Concludes the report on critical thinking and begins a story “When Despair Becomes a Gateway to Crime!”.
• Page 63: Continues the story about a desperate fund manager considering crime.
• Page 64: Concludes the story excerpt and includes a Ramadan television star expectation question and answer, starting an article on “When We Hastily Take Names and Connect Their Meaning to Our Reality…”.
• Page 65: Continues the article on the connection between names and reality, using Ramadan as an example and discussing pre-Islamic month names.
• Page 66: Continues discussing pre-Islamic month names, giving Sabaean and Himyarite names and pre-Islamic Arabic names for Ramadan, mentioning the Prophet’s (PBUH) clarification of the calendar.
• Page 67: Quotes poetry about the virtues of Ramadan.
• Page 68: Quotes more poetry welcoming Ramadan and lists pre-Islamic month names.
• Page 69: Concludes the article on Ramadan’s significance and shares feelings about its arrival.
• Page 70: Quotes more poetry welcoming Ramadan.
• Page 71: Continues the poetry praising Ramadan.
• Page 72: Concludes the poetry section about Ramadan’s joy and spiritual upliftment.
• Page 73: Features a colloquial poem and a short saying about knowledge.
• Page 74: Continues the colloquial poem.
• Page 75: Concludes the colloquial poem.
• Page 76: Features the riddle of the week.
• Page 77: Continues the riddle of the week.
• Page 78: Provides solutions to the previous riddle and congratulatory messages.
• Page 79: Includes more solutions to the previous riddle and responses in verse.
• Page 80: Begins a new riddle of the week and includes a previous riddle’s solution.
• Page 81: Continues the new riddle and starts an article “A Recently Blessed Deterrent” on measures against harassment.
• Page 82: Continues the article on deterrents against harassment, giving examples and emphasizing legal protections.
• Page 83: Concludes the article on deterrents and highlights the Kingdom’s role in promoting international peace. It also includes the headline about GCC’s view on Syria’s reconstruction.
• Page 84: Begins an article on “The Crown Prince’s Project Renews Al-Abbas Mosque in Jazan”, discussing its cultural and historical significance.
• Page 85: Continues the article on the mosque renovation, discussing economic and environmental aspects.
• Page 86: Concludes the article on the mosque renovation, emphasizing its long-term benefits. It also starts an article “O Smart One… Don’t Help Me” about AI.
• Page 87: Continues the article on AI’s impact, raising concerns about over-reliance and job displacement.
• Page 88: Concludes the article on AI, emphasizing the need for human connection and innovation. It includes newspaper contact information.
• Page 89: Displays newspaper contact and subscription information.
• Page 90: Reports on Al-Akhdar (national team) preparations, mentioning player training and injuries.
• Page 91: Continues the report on Al-Akhdar and discusses the “U-23 national team” facing Oman, listing past tournament rankings.
• Page 92: Includes headlines about the “U-23 national team” and the “** النفقة صندوق**” disbursing funds. It also contains newspaper publication information.
• Page 93: Features “Quality Services” and reports on transportation services in the Grand Mosque during Ramadan.
• Page 94: Reports on crowding in Mecca and Medina health centers and the volunteer efforts of the Saudi Arabian Scouts Association.
• Page 95: Continues the report on health services and Scouts, and discusses improvements in the “** النفقة صندوق**” procedures for disbursing funds.
• Page 96: Contains the name “M. Haifa Al Malla” and a closing bracket, otherwise blank.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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The provided texts cover a range of topics, with a significant focus on Saudi Arabia’s initiatives and economic landscape, including the Architectural Map for cultural and economic growth and the Kingdom’s stable inflation rate. International news includes geopolitical tensions affecting oil prices, the Houthi attacks on US naval assets, and discussions between Putin and Trump regarding the Ukraine war. Regional issues encompass the impact of the Israeli blockade on Gaza children and Syria’s accusations against Hezbollah. Additionally, the sources highlight Ramadan-related activities like charitable food distribution and cultural events, alongside sports news and other diverse articles.

Study Guide: Saudi Arabia – Vision 2030 and Related Topics

Key Themes

• Vision 2030 and Economic Transformation: Understanding the goals and key initiatives of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, particularly its focus on economic diversification away from oil, the development of non-oil sectors like tourism, and the role of mega-projects.
• Cultural Heritage and Architecture: Recognizing the significance of Saudi Arabia’s cultural and architectural heritage and the efforts to preserve and promote it as part of Vision 2030. This includes the Saudi Architecture Map and initiatives to protect historical sites.
• Economic Indicators and Stability: Analyzing recent economic data, such as inflation rates, GDP growth, and budget performance, and understanding the factors influencing them.
• Regional and International Relations: Awareness of Saudi Arabia’s role in regional stability, international collaborations (like the G7 meeting), and responses to global events (such as the war in Ukraine and Red Sea tensions).
• Social and Cultural Developments: Understanding social initiatives like the increase in volunteerism and cultural events like the “Ramadani Nights.”
• Media and National Identity: Examining the role of media in promoting national identity, Vision 2030 goals, and addressing social issues.
• Energy Markets and Policies: Understanding global energy trends, the role of OPEC+, and Saudi Arabia’s position in the oil market, as well as developments in sustainable aviation fuel.
• Humanitarian Efforts: Recognizing Saudi Arabia’s humanitarian aid initiatives in various regions, including Yemen, Somalia, and Palestine.
• Developments in Specific Sectors: Awareness of news and developments in sectors like sports (football), culture (theater, film), and social services.

Quiz

1. What is the primary goal of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 regarding its economy? How does the Saudi Architecture Map contribute to this vision?
2. According to the excerpts, what is the current annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia as of February 2025? What were some of the main factors contributing to this rate?
3. What is the Saudi Architecture Map, and how many architectural styles does it encompass? What is the purpose of launching this initiative?
4. What was the key announcement made by Saudi Arabia regarding the number of volunteers in the Kingdom? What does this achievement reflect about Saudi society?
5. What were the main topics of discussion between Russian President Vladimir Putin and former US President Donald Trump in their phone call? What was the context of this call?
6. According to the provided text, what is the stance of Hamas regarding the proposed extension of the Gaza ceasefire? What is the US envoy’s reaction to this?
7. What is the “Ramadani Nights” festival in Riyadh, and what is its aim? How does it align with Vision 2030?
8. What is the “Film AlUla Series Lab,” and what is its objective? Where does the program include a trip for its participants?
9. What are some of the key points made by the Saudi Minister of Media regarding the future of the media sector in relation to Vision 2030?
10. What is the “King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve” doing to protect and increase the population of the Nubian Ibex? What does the increasing wildlife population indicate?

Answer Key

1. The primary goal of Vision 2030 regarding the economy is to diversify it away from its reliance on oil and develop non-oil sectors. The Saudi Architecture Map contributes to this by promoting cultural tourism, attracting investment, and enhancing the quality of urban development, all of which stimulate economic growth in non-oil sectors.
2. The annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia was stable at 2.0% in February 2025 compared to January 2024. Factors contributing to this included increases in the prices of housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels, as well as food and beverages, although the government’s fiscal and monetary policies aimed to contain inflation.
3. The Saudi Architecture Map, launched by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, encompasses 19 distinct architectural styles. Its purpose is to preserve and celebrate Saudi Arabia’s rich and diverse architectural heritage, reflect the Kingdom’s cultural and geographical diversity, and serve as an investment in national identity and sustainable development.
4. Saudi Arabia announced that it has reached 6 million volunteers, ahead of the Vision 2030 target. This achievement reflects the eagerness and initiative of Saudi youth to serve their country, the spirit of collective work and giving, and the success of national platforms facilitating volunteer efforts.
5. The main topics of discussion were aimed at ending the war in Ukraine, within the framework of a potential US-Russian rapprochement. The call took place after Ukraine announced its commitment to a 30-day truce proposed by the US, conditional on Russia’s agreement, though Russia did not immediately confirm its stance.
6. The US envoy to the Middle East, Stephen Wikoff, stated that Hamas’s response to the proposed extension of the ceasefire in Gaza was “not acceptable at all.” This indicates a disagreement or rejection of the terms proposed for extending the pause in fighting.
7. The “Ramadani Nights” festival in Riyadh is a cultural and recreational event held during Ramadan, offering various activities, performances, and experiences for different age groups. Its aim is to create a unique cultural and entertaining experience during the holy month and contributes to the cultural vibrancy aligned with the goals of Vision 2030.
8. The “Film AlUla Series Lab,” in partnership with Film Independent, aims to support Saudi, Arab, Asian, and African television content creators and writers by providing them with skills and knowledge to develop their projects. The program includes a two-week trip to Los Angeles to participate in workshops and attend the Film Independent Forum.
9. The Saudi Minister of Media emphasized that the media sector is becoming a key contributor to the national economy, moving beyond reliance on government subsidies. He highlighted its role in achieving the goals of Vision 2030, fostering national unity, and combating misinformation, emphasizing the importance of quality content and public awareness.
10. The King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve is relocating and monitoring the Nubian Ibex to protect them and create a fertile environment for their growth and reproduction. The increasing wildlife population reflects the reserve’s efforts in preserving natural habitats and its commitment to protecting endangered species.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness between the preservation of cultural heritage, as exemplified by the Saudi Architecture Map, and the broader economic diversification goals of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.
2. Discuss the significance of Saudi Arabia’s stable inflation rate in the context of global economic challenges. How might this stability contribute to the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 objectives?
3. Evaluate the role of Saudi Arabia in regional and international affairs as reflected in the provided excerpts, considering its diplomatic engagements and responses to conflict.
4. Examine the growing trend of volunteerism in Saudi Arabia and its potential impact on the social and economic development of the Kingdom in line with Vision 2030.
5. Critically assess the evolving role of the Saudi media landscape in shaping national identity and promoting the objectives of Vision 2030, considering both opportunities and challenges.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Vision 2030: A strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia to diversify its economy, develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism, and to bolster its role in international trade and relations.
• Saudi Architecture Map: An initiative launched to identify, document, preserve, and celebrate the diverse architectural styles of Saudi Arabia, reflecting its cultural and geographical richness. It encompasses 19 distinct styles.
• Inflation Rate: The percentage increase in the price of goods and services in an economy over a period of time, typically a year.
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
• Non-Oil Sector: Parts of a country’s economy that are not related to the production and sale of petroleum. Diversifying this sector is a key goal of Vision 2030.
• Cultural Heritage: The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
• Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• Humanitarian Aid: Assistance provided to people in distress or need, often in response to crises or disasters.
• Volunteerism: The practice of offering one’s time and services without expectation of payment.
• Geopolitical Tensions: Strained or potentially hostile relationships between countries or regions, often influenced by geographical factors and power dynamics.
• OPEC+: The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies, including Russia, which collectively manage the supply of crude oil to the global market.
• Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF): A biofuel used to power aircraft that has a smaller carbon footprint compared to traditional jet fuel.
• Mondelez (Incorrectly spelled in source as “املديتترية التعامتتة لتتتالإعتتتلام يف حمتافظتة احلدود على و�صحفي م�صور اإ�صابة حم�س ال�صورية املديرية”): Likely a typo or misinterpretation in the OCR process. This seems to refer to a media directorate or organization reporting on events at the Syrian-Lebanese border.
• SANA (الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء): Syrian Arab News Agency, the official news agency of Syria.

Briefing Document: Saudi Arabia – Vision 2030, Economic Developments, and Regional Issues

Date: March 19, 2025

Sources: Excerpts from “20717.pdf” (Al Riyadh Newspaper, March 18, 2025)

Overview: This briefing document summarizes key themes and important facts from a collection of articles published in Al Riyadh newspaper. The topics covered include Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, particularly in the context of architectural heritage and economic diversification, recent economic indicators such as inflation, ongoing regional conflicts and diplomatic efforts related to Ukraine and Gaza, and various local initiatives and events.

Key Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

1. Vision 2030 and Architectural Heritage:

• Focus on National Identity: Saudi Arabia is placing significant emphasis on its rich and diverse architectural heritage as a crucial part of its Vision 2030. This is rooted in the Kingdom’s history, authenticity, and its unique characteristics.
• “Saudi Architecture Map”: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has launched a “Saudi Architecture Map” encompassing 19 architectural styles, reflecting a commitment to preserving the Kingdom’s rich urban and cultural heritage.
• Quote: “بترامتج روؤيتتة العمل متن ويف وقتتت مبكر بالعمارة كتبترًا اهتمامًا اململكة اأولتتت 2030 تتراث متن مهمًا جتتزءًا باعتبارها ال�صعودية، اململكة يتمتع بخ�صائ�س و�صمات مميزة، مثل: اجلزيرة تاريخ من النابعة والعراقة االأ�صالة التتروؤيتتة تطلعات عتتن ببعيد ولي�س التعتربتيتة، ال�صمو �صاحب العهد ويل �صمو اإطتتالق جتتاء امللكي االأمر حممد بن �صلمان خلريطة العمارة ال�صعودية، التي ت�صمل 19 طرازًا معماريًا، وهو االإرث على باملحافظة �صموه اهتمام يعك�س ما للمملكة، والغني املتنوع والثقايف العمراين”
• Translation: “Early on in the work of its Vision 2030, the Kingdom placed great importance on architecture, considering it an important part of the Saudi heritage, which enjoys distinct characteristics and features, such as originality rooted in the island’s history and ancient Arabism, whose visionary aspirations go far. His Royal Highness the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman issued the royal order to launch the Saudi Architecture Map, which includes 19 architectural styles, reflecting His Highness’s interest in preserving the Kingdom’s rich, diverse urban, and cultural heritage.”
• Economic Driver: The Saudi Architecture Map is not solely about preservation but also aims to be a significant economic driver within the priorities of Vision 2030. This includes developing tourist and cultural areas, which is expected to increase national income directly and indirectly, stimulate non-oil sectors and tourism, and boost growth related to tourism and hospitality.
• Quote: “ال�صعودية من م�صار اقت�صادي مهم، يندرج �صمن على القدرة يف يتمثل ،2030 روؤيتتة أولويتات مبكانتها واالرتقاء ال�صعودية، املناطق تطوير ال�صياحية والثقافية، االأمر الذي ينعك�س ب�صكل زيادة عر الوطني االقت�صاد على مبا�صر غر القطاعات وتن�صيط وال�صياح، التتزوار أعتتداد النمو املرتبطة بال�صياحة وال�صيافة، مما يدعم ال�صعودية، املتدن يف واال�صتثمار االقت�صادي وي�صاهم بزيادة إجمايل الناجت املحلي الراكمي بأكرث من ثمانية مليارات ريال بحول 2030.”
• Translation: “The Saudi architecture is a significant economic pathway, falling within the priorities of the Vision 2030, represented in the ability to elevate the status of Saudi regions and develop tourist and cultural areas. This will directly increase the national economy, stimulate non-oil sectors and tourism, and enhance the growth of visitors related to tourism and hospitality, thereby supporting economic investment in Saudi cities and contributing to an increase in the total accumulated GDP by more than eight billion riyals by around 2030.”
• Heritage Initiatives: The government’s interest has led to initiatives like the establishment of the “Architectural Heritage Modernization” body in 2023, which focuses on preserving and modernizing important modern architectural heritage and nurturing key distinguished built cultural models representing the memory and history of Saudi architecture across different historical periods.
• Economic Impact of the Architecture Map: The implementation of the Saudi Architecture Map is projected to contribute 8 billion riyals to the cumulative GDP by 2030 and create over 34,000 direct and indirect job opportunities. It is seen as an investment that will enhance value in the real estate sector and support balanced urban development attractive to both local and foreign investors.

2. Economic Developments:

• Stable Inflation Rate: The annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia stabilized at 2.0% in February 2025 compared to January 2024 year-on-year. This is considered low compared to many other parts of the world, indicating the effectiveness of the Kingdom’s financial, monetary, and economic measures to curb inflation and address global price increases.
• Key Drivers of Inflation: The rise in housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuel prices contributed to the 7.1% inflation rate. Food and beverage prices also rose by 1%, and actual housing rents increased by 8.5%, particularly villa rents which saw an 11.2% increase in Jeddah, Abha, Hail, and Arar.
• Month-on-Month Inflation: On a monthly basis, the consumer price index rose slightly by 0.2% in February 2025 compared to January of the same year, driven by an increase in the housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuel sectors (0.4%), primarily due to higher actual housing rents.
• Success of Government Policies: The continued stability of the inflation rate at a low level demonstrates the success of the central bank’s policies and the financial plans implemented to contain inflation, as well as other government measures such as direct support to vulnerable segments of society and monitoring markets to prevent unjustified price increases.
• Saudi Economy Achieving Goals: The Saudi economy is reportedly achieving its goals, with the non-oil sector growing by 4.3% in 2024, supported by sectors like trade, restaurants, hotels, and real estate. This non-oil sector growth in the fourth quarter marked the 16th consecutive quarter of such growth, reflecting the Kingdom’s determination to diversify its income sources and reduce reliance on oil.
• Budget Performance: In 2024, the Kingdom achieved revenues of 1.26 trillion riyals (a 4% annual increase) with non-oil revenues in the fourth quarter reaching 132 billion riyals (a 21% annual increase). Expenditures amounted to 1.375 trillion riyals (a 6% annual increase).

3. Regional and International Issues:

• Ukraine War: Russian President Vladimir Putin confirmed a planned phone conversation with US President Donald Trump to discuss ending the war in Ukraine. This follows a proposed US-backed truce for 30 days, which Ukraine has agreed to under certain conditions. Russia has not yet given its final position on the proposed truce, but Putin indicated “serious” issues he wants to discuss with Trump.
• Gaza Conflict: Israeli occupation forces continued their operations in the Gaza Strip, particularly in the south near Rafah. Negotiations are ongoing for a deal involving the exchange of prisoners and a ceasefire. US envoy to the Middle East, Stephen Wikoff, stated that Hamas’s response to a proposal for extending the ceasefire in Gaza was “absolutely not acceptable.” A Hamas delegation is expected to arrive in Cairo within two days for further discussions.
• Hezbollah Activity: Hezbollah reportedly targeted a photographer and a journalist on the Syrian-Lebanese border, according to the Syrian General Directorate of Media in Homs Governorate.
• Houthis in Yemen: Houthi rebels claimed responsibility for attacks on a US aircraft carrier in the Red Sea for the second time, asserting they are targeting US ships. They reported that US strikes on Yemen resulted in 53 deaths. The Houthi leader called for mass demonstrations in protest of the strikes. The US Department of Defense confirmed that Houthis have attacked US ships 174 times and commercial ships 145 times since 2023.
• Syria Crisis: Germany pledged an additional 300 million euros in humanitarian aid for Syria. The international community is trying to rebuild the country, with the UN estimating it could take at least half a century for Syria’s economy to return to its pre-war state.
• “Unacceptable” Hamas Response: The US envoy to the Middle East described Hamas’s response to a proposal for extending the Gaza ceasefire as “absolutely unacceptable.”

4. Local Initiatives and Events:

• Ramadan Aid: The “Estejaba” initiative, in line with the leadership’s commitment to improving the quality of life for social security beneficiaries, is providing Ramadan aid worth 1000 riyals for family heads and 500 riyals for each dependent, with direct deposit into bank accounts.
• Tabuk Municipality Updates: The Tabuk Municipality is updating its list of commercial activities to reflect modern changes, enabling business owners to obtain licenses for various activities, including women’s and men’s salons, tailoring, and eye clinics, provided certain conditions are met, including adherence to ISIC codes and specific health and professional certifications.
• Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ Gift Program: The program for distributing dates has reached Portugal and Germany.
• Al-Jouf Mosque Restoration: The Crown Prince’s project aims to preserve and maintain historical mosques in the Al-Jouf region, including the Al-Sheikh Hussein Mosque in Dumat al-Jandal, which dates back to 620 AH, making it one of the oldest mosques in the region.
• King Salman Humanitarian Aid: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre distributed 1,390 food baskets to those most in need in various directorates in Arhab and Dhulfa provinces in Yemen, benefiting 8,340 individuals as part of the Ramadan “Ita’am” (feeding) project. The center also distributed 2 tons of dates in Yemen, expected to benefit around 8,000 people.
• Order of King Abdulaziz: The Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs presented the Order of King Abdulaziz (Second Class) to the Palestinian and Egyptian ambassadors to the Kingdom in recognition of their efforts in strengthening bilateral relations and cooperation.
• “Ramadani Nights” Festival: The Saudi Arabian Society for Culture and Arts (“Funoon Al Riyadh”) organized the “Ramadani Nights” festival, featuring various cultural and entertainment activities suitable for different age groups, aiming to create a unique Ramadan experience that aligns with the spirit of the holy month and supports the cultural scene in line with Vision 2030.
• Red Sea Labs “Series Lab”: The Red Sea Film Foundation’s “Red Sea Labs” has opened applications for the third edition of its “Series Lab” program, in partnership with Film Independent. The program aims to support television content creators and aspiring writers from Asia, Africa, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab world by providing them with the necessary skills and knowledge.
• Sharjah Exhibition Participation: The King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies is participating in the Sharjah Islamic Manuscripts Exhibition with three rare manuscripts, highlighting its pioneering role in research and Islamic studies.
• Theater Authority Competition: The Theater and Performing Arts Authority is accepting submissions for the third edition of the Playwriting Competition under the slogan “The Story Begins Here,” aiming to encourage creative writing for the local theater scene and support playwrights and authors who reflect Saudi culture.
• Rethinking Ramadan Work Hours: An article discusses the potential benefits of shifting official working hours during Ramadan to start at 7 AM, arguing it could reduce absenteeism and better align with the habits of the holy month, while acknowledging it may not completely solve the issue.
• Minister of Media on Media’s Future: The Minister of Media discussed the strategic directions for the future of media in Saudi Arabia in light of Vision 2030, emphasizing its role as a key pillar of national development, enhancing national belonging, and contributing to economic diversification. He noted the significant growth in the media sector’s contribution to GDP and the high engagement of Saudis with social media.
• Yanbu as a Tourism Hub: An article highlights the potential of Yanbu to become a unique tourist center due to its unique natural and historical elements, suggesting it is a promising investment in the Kingdom’s future.
• Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration: A discussion among businessmen highlighted the development of the Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration, with the appointment of top talent and the inclusion of international expertise, emphasizing its importance for those looking to invest in Saudi Arabia.
• Obituary for Major General Ali Al-Ghamdi: An obituary mourns the passing of Major General Ali bin Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, recognizing his loyal service to his religion, leaders, and nation.
• “Science Day” Significance: An article emphasizes the national significance of Saudi “Science Day” (March 11th), established by King Salman, as a symbol of national unity, sovereignty, and the deep-rooted values upon which the Kingdom was founded.
• Volunteerism in Vision 2030: The Minister of Human Resources and Social Development announced that Saudi Arabia has exceeded its Vision 2030 target of reaching 6 million volunteers ahead of schedule, highlighting the enthusiasm and dedication of the Kingdom’s youth in serving their country and the efforts made to facilitate and promote volunteering.
• Saudi National Team Preparations: The Saudi national football team has begun a new phase in its journey to qualify for the 2026 World Cup, facing crucial matches against China and Japan in the current international break. Coach Hervé Renard announced a 27-player list for these matches.
• Al-Ahli in AFC Champions League: Al-Ahli Jeddah is preparing for the AFC Champions League quarter-finals, aiming for the title after a strong performance this season.
• Saudi Referee for Volleyball World Championship: Saudi international volleyball referee Hani Snan has been appointed by the FIVB to officiate at the U-21 Men’s World Championship in China in August 2025.
• Taif Club Wins Judo Championship: The Taif Club won the third open judo championship for visually impaired individuals in the Kingdom, held in Taif.
• Traditional Fishing in Ramadan: An article describes the traditional practice of fishing during Ramadan in the Farasan Islands, highlighting the daily life of the fishermen and their connection to the sea.
• Nubian Ibex Birth in King Salman Reserve: The King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve announced the birth of a Nubian ibex during March, reflecting the success of its efforts to reintroduce and protect wildlife.
• Emergency Response at the Grand Mosque: The Saudi Red Crescent Authority reported a successful emergency response at the Grand Mosque in Mecca, where a pilgrim whose heart stopped was revived thanks to the rapid intervention of ambulance teams and the use of life-saving equipment.
• Criticism of IEA’s Oil and Gas Predictions: An article discusses the International Energy Agency (IEA) facing criticism for its predictions regarding peak oil demand and its stance on investing in new oil and gas fields, with some arguing it could lead to energy supply shortages.
• “Sumnan” Group Supports Disability Initiatives: The “Sumnan” group, under the patronage of Shareek Holding Group, signed a memorandum of cooperation to support the medical and educational initiatives of the Children with Disabilities Association.
• “Yanbu… An Artistic Masterpiece”: An article extols the beauty and potential of Yanbu as a tourist destination.
• “Between the Lines” – “Street of the Blind” Series: A review of the “Street of the Blind” television series notes its focus on romance while overlooking historical achievements.
• “Opinion” – Late Major General Ali… His Legacy Lives On: A tribute to the late Major General Ali bin Ahmed Al-Ghamdi.
• “Sports and Marketing” – “The Scene Will Change”: An article discusses the anticipated changes in Saudi football following the privatization of clubs, highlighting the positive experiences of clubs like Al-Qadsiah and Al-Nassr.
• “World of Sports” – Kano Refreshes Al-Hilal: An article notes the return of player Kano to the Al-Hilal football team.

This briefing document provides a snapshot of the diverse issues and developments covered in the Al Riyadh newspaper on March 18, 2025, reflecting Saudi Arabia’s ongoing efforts towards achieving its Vision 2030 goals amidst regional and global dynamics.

Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030, Global Events, and Ramadan Initiatives

Frequently Asked Questions about the Provided Sources

1. What is the primary focus of Saudi Arabia’s architectural vision as outlined in the sources? The primary focus is on celebrating and investing in Saudi Arabia’s rich and diverse architectural heritage, rooted in its history and cultural identity. This vision, spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, aims to preserve the Kingdom’s unique architectural styles while also fostering contemporary innovation. The initiative, embodied by the “Saudi Architectural Map” encompassing 19 distinct styles, seeks to highlight the geographical and historical diversity of the nation. Furthermore, this architectural focus is positioned as a significant economic driver, contributing to tourism, cultural development, and overall GDP growth in line with Vision 2030.

2. How does Saudi Arabia’s focus on architecture relate to its Vision 2030? The emphasis on Saudi architecture is deeply intertwined with Vision 2030 in several ways. Firstly, it is considered a crucial element in strengthening national identity and pride in Saudi heritage. Secondly, it is viewed as a significant economic investment, expected to generate over 8 billion riyals in cumulative GDP by 2030 and create more than 34,000 direct and indirect job opportunities in the real estate and tourism sectors. By developing attractive environments for both local and international investors and promoting urban development across all regions, the architectural initiative directly supports the economic diversification goals of Vision 2030. It also aims to enhance the quality of future real estate projects and promote Saudi Arabia as a global destination for investment and sustainable living.

3. What are the key features of the “Saudi Architectural Map” mentioned in the sources? The “Saudi Architectural Map” comprises 19 distinct architectural styles that reflect the cultural and geographical diversity of Saudi Arabia. It identifies three main architectural approaches: the traditional style that preserves the unique characteristics of each region, the transitional style that blends modernity with local heritage elements, and the contemporary style that embraces innovation and technology while drawing inspiration from the local environment. Examples of the regional styles include Hejazi architecture, Najdi architecture, the architecture of Tabuk’s coasts, Madinah, Al-Ula, the Arabian Gulf coast, Tihami architecture, Asir architecture, the mountains and architecture of Taif, desert architecture of Bisha, Najran architecture, and the architecture of Al-Ahsa and its oases, and Al-Qatif. This map aims to achieve a balance between urban development and the preservation of national identity, ultimately enhancing the quality of future real estate projects.

4. What is the current status of inflation in Saudi Arabia according to the sources? According to the sources, the annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia remained stable at 2.0% in February 2025, compared to January 2024 on an annual basis. This low rate is seen as a testament to the effectiveness of the financial, monetary, and economic measures undertaken by the Kingdom to curb inflation and counter rising global prices. While housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuel prices contributed to the inflation due to increased housing rental costs, the overall rate remained contained, indicating successful government policies and direct support for vulnerable segments of society.

5. What are the key developments regarding the Russia-Ukraine war and international diplomatic efforts mentioned in the sources? The sources indicate ongoing international efforts to mediate an end to the Russia-Ukraine war. Russian President Vladimir Putin and former US President Donald Trump were scheduled to discuss the conflict. Ukraine reportedly agreed to a 30-day truce proposed by the US, but Russia did not definitively commit to it, noting “serious” issues still needing discussion. Meanwhile, a US envoy stated that Hamas’s response to a proposal for extending the Gaza ceasefire was unacceptable. These reports highlight the complex and delicate nature of the ongoing diplomatic initiatives in both regions.

6. What are some of the social and humanitarian initiatives highlighted in the sources during Ramadan? Several social and humanitarian initiatives during Ramadan are mentioned. The “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ Gift Program for Distributing Dates” reached Portugal and Germany. Distribution operations in Saudi Arabia provided 398,693 iftar meals across a wide network of locations. The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre continued its efforts, distributing food baskets in Somalia and planning to distribute 390,109 food baskets across 27 countries during Ramadan. Additionally, the “Karima Aid” was disbursed, providing financial assistance to beneficiaries of social security. These initiatives underscore the commitment to supporting those in need, especially during the holy month.

7. What are some of the trends and challenges discussed regarding the energy sector in the provided sources? The sources discuss several key trends and challenges in the energy sector. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has faced criticism for its projections on peak oil demand and for allegedly undermining investment in current oil and gas fields, despite the current need for increased production to support global energy security. There’s a debate between those advocating for a rapid transition to renewable energy and those emphasizing the continued importance of oil and gas. OPEC also criticized the IEA’s forecasts as potentially harmful to consumers and energy supplies. Rising geopolitical tensions, particularly involving Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea and retaliatory US strikes, have caused fluctuations in oil prices. Meanwhile, the development and adoption of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is progressing but faces challenges related to cost, production capacity, and the need for consistent policies and regulations.

8. What are some examples of cultural and artistic activities and initiatives mentioned in the sources? The sources highlight various cultural and artistic activities. The “Riyadh Arts” festival held its “Ramadan Nights 5” event, featuring diverse cultural and entertainment experiences. The Red Sea Film Foundation announced the opening of submissions for the third edition of its “Red Sea Series Lab” in partnership with Film Independent, aimed at supporting content creators from Asia, Africa, and the Arab world. The Saudi Theater Authority is accepting submissions for its third theatrical writing competition. These initiatives demonstrate a focus on promoting cultural expression, supporting artistic talent, and enriching the cultural landscape in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia’s Evolving Architecture Map

The sources indicate that the “architecture map of Saudi Arabia has undergone a transformation“. This suggests a dynamic and evolving landscape of architectural styles and urban development across the Kingdom.

Saudi Arabia’s heritage is embodied in its urban patterns and buildings, reflecting the nation’s history through residential quarters and the evolution of arts. This heritage-rich architecture is seen as a product that has adapted to environmental conditions and technological advancements over time, whether from a geographical or technical perspective.

The objectives of Saudi architecture, which would shape this “map,” include several key goals:

• Documenting the various forms of Saudi architecture.
• Developing and enhancing different regions of the country.
• Preserving the architectural identity of the Kingdom.
• Enhancing the status of Saudi cities and the quality of life.
• Achieving a balance between originality and modernity.
• Encouraging innovation among architects and designers.
• Guiding the architectural design process towards contemporary solutions that reflect the Kingdom’s values.
• Creating modern urban environments rooted in the Kingdom’s heritage and aesthetic values.

The transformation of the Saudi architecture map is linked to the increasing attractiveness of the real estate sector, rising property values, and the availability of diverse options for investors that align with the nature of each region. This supports sustainability and enhances the value of local investments in the Saudi market as well as international investments.

The implementation of this architectural and urban renaissance will occur in phases, with the first phase beginning in four cities: Al-Ahsa, Abha, Makkah, and Taif. This suggests that the transformation of the architectural map will initially be concentrated in these key urban centers.

In summary, the “Saudi architecture map” represents the distribution and characteristics of architectural styles throughout Saudi Arabia, influenced by its rich heritage, specific development objectives, and ongoing transformations driven by real estate investment and urban development initiatives in various regions. The initial phase of a significant architectural transformation is set to take place in Al-Ahsa, Abha, Makkah, and Taif. The evolution of this map aims to balance tradition with modernity while preserving the Kingdom’s unique architectural identity.

Saudi Arabia Inflation Steady at 2.0% in February 2025

The sources indicate that the annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia remained stable at 2.0% during February 2025, when compared to January 2024 on an annual basis. This stability is particularly significant given the high inflation rates experienced in many other parts of the world.

The Consumer Price Index bulletin for February 2025, issued by the General Authority for Statistics, provides further details:

• The overall inflation rate was influenced by an increase of 7.1% in the prices of housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels, with a notable rise of 11.2% in actual housing rents. This increase in housing costs had a substantial impact due to the housing division’s significant weight of 25.5% in the index.
• Conversely, there was a decrease of 2.5% in the prices of the furnishing and household equipment section, driven by lower prices for furniture, carpets, and floor coverings (down by 4.4%). The prices of clothing and footwear also saw a 1% reduction, and the transport section experienced a 1.5% decrease.
• On a monthly basis, the inflation rate decreased in Buraydah, Tabuk, and Jazan, while it increased in Riyadh, Al-Hofuf, Taif, Madinah, Makkah, Najran, Sakaka, and Al-Baha.
• Overall, the monthly inflation rate for February 2025 showed a slight increase of 0.2% compared to January 2025. This was primarily attributed to a 0.4% rise in the housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels section, fueled by higher actual housing rents.

The sustained stability of the inflation rate in Saudi Arabia is seen as an indication of the success of the central bank’s monetary policies and the government’s financial strategies aimed at controlling inflation. Saudi Arabia’s inflation rate is noted to be among the lowest within the G20 countries. Several governmental measures have likely contributed to this stability, including:

• Providing direct support to segments of society needing assistance.
• Regulating fuel prices.
• Enhancing the monitoring of markets and prices.
• Promoting transparency and disclosure in various economic activities and sectors.

US Strikes Against Houthis: Red Sea Attacks

The sources discuss US strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen in response to Houthi attacks, particularly on ships in the Red Sea.

Here are the key points from the sources regarding Houthi attacks and the US response:

• US Strikes: The US conducted raids targeting Houthi rebels in the Al-Salh District of Al-Hudaydah Governorate and Sana’a. These strikes occurred after similar raids and targeted a cotton gin in the Zabid Directorate. A US bombing also reportedly hit a site inspected by Yemenis.
• US Justification: US National Security Advisor Michael Waltz stated that the US strikes targeted Houthi-controlled areas and resulted in the death of “many” leaders. He described these actions as a “warning to Iran” to stop supporting the Houthis’ attacks on ships in the Red Sea. Waltz emphasized that if the Houthis continue to attack ships, those responsible, including their Iranian trainers and supporters, will be held accountable. He also noted that attacking global commerce makes them targets.
• US Resolve: US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin vowed a “relentless” missile campaign until Houthi attacks cease. He clarified that the campaign’s objective is to stop attacks on vital waterways and restore maritime freedom, emphasizing it is a national interest of the United States and not related to the Yemeni civil war.
• Reactions to US Strikes:Former US President Donald Trump commented on the strikes via his social media platform, stating, “Your time is up,” to the Houthis and demanding an end to their attacks.
• Iran responded through its Foreign Ministry spokesperson, who stated that the US has “no right to impose” its foreign policy on Iran. An Iranian Revolutionary Guard commander warned against any aggression.
• Russia, through its Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, discussed the US strikes with US Senator Marco Rubio, conveying Moscow’s concern about the use of force in Yemen and stressing the need to prevent escalation and initiate dialogue in Yemen.
• Houthi Actions: The Houthi rebels have been engaged in attacks that prompted the US response, specifically targeting ships in the Red Sea.

In summary, the sources detail the US military response to Houthi attacks, characterizing it as a direct warning to both the Houthis and their backer, Iran, to cease their actions that threaten maritime security and global commerce. The US has affirmed its commitment to continuing these strikes until the attacks stop. The situation has drawn international reactions from countries like Iran and Russia.

Saudi Arabia: Ramadan Aid Initiatives

The sources indicate several aspects of Ramadan aid distribution in Saudi Arabia:

• Financial Aid to Social Security Beneficiaries: Upon the directives of King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, more than three billion Riyals were disbursed as Ramadan aid to beneficiaries of social security. This initiative reflects the leadership’s concern for meeting the needs of citizens during the holy month of Ramadan.
• The Minister of Human Resources and Social Development, Suleiman bin Ahmed Al-Muhaidab Al-Rajhi, expressed his appreciation for this generous act, highlighting that it embodies the leadership’s approach to supporting citizens and ensuring a dignified standard of living for them. He prayed for the well-being and prosperity of the Kingdom under its wise leadership.
• Distribution of Iftar Meals in Medina: In Medina, 5 meals were provided daily for fasting individuals and their companions at 5 different locations and facilities. This initiative specifically aimed to support visitors, Umrah performers, and patients in hospitals. This distribution was carried out in cooperation with official and charitable organizations to ensure that Iftar meals reached those with the greatest need, particularly those requiring accommodation.
• Ramadan Programs Abroad: A Ramadan program was implemented at the Saudi embassy in Berlin, Germany, suggesting that Ramadan-related aid or activities might also be organized for Saudis or Muslims living abroad.
• Support for Quran Memorizers: The sources mention the support and care provided to memorizers of the Holy Quran during Ramadan, indicating another form of assistance or encouragement during this time.

In summary, the sources highlight a significant distribution of financial aid to social security beneficiaries across Saudi Arabia, as well as the provision of daily Iftar meals to those in need in Medina, particularly travelers and patients. Additionally, Ramadan-related initiatives seem to extend beyond the Kingdom’s borders, as seen with the program in Berlin, and include support for religious activities such as Quran memorization. These efforts collectively demonstrate a commitment to supporting various segments of society during the month of Ramadan.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These articles primarily cover recent developments and initiatives within Saudi Arabia, alongside some international news. Domestically, the focus includes the Kingdom’s economic growth and diversification efforts aligned with Vision 2030, such as rising credit ratings, development projects, and the launch of architectural and cultural initiatives. Social and religious aspects are highlighted through the opening of Ramadan exhibitions, the renovation of historical mosques, and efforts to support pilgrims. International news touches on the conflict in Gaza, US strikes against Houthis in Yemen, and global economic trends, including oil prices and inflation.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Economic Development Strategies

The sources highlight several economic development efforts and strategies in Saudi Arabia.

Vision 2030 is a central framework for economic development, aiming to create a thriving society with a vital economy. This vision emphasizes sustainable development and involves large-scale investments in basic infrastructure, industrial and service facilities. The goal is to reach a prosperous society and a dynamic economy by 2030, creating a suitable environment for citizen employment, nurturing talents, and capitalizing on significant investment opportunities.

A key aspect of Saudi Arabia’s economic development is the diversification of the economy, particularly by growing the non-oil sector. This diversification is aimed at balancing the risks associated with reliance on oil revenues. The Kingdom is undertaking an economic transformation that requires a focus on diversification, increased innovation, and integration with global markets to achieve its goals.

Efforts to improve economic performance are expected to positively impact the quality of life. This includes investments in infrastructure such as transportation and housing, as well as reforms in the health and education sectors. These reforms are intended to support sustainable development, enhance global competitiveness, and develop human resources.

Saudi Arabia’s high credit rating is seen as a factor that strengthens its position as a reliable investment destination, thereby enhancing its role as a key economic center in the region. The stable future outlook for the Kingdom’s credit rating reflects the ongoing progress in economic and social development, as well as the expanding non-oil sector and increased local capital formation.

Initiatives are also in place to support small economic opportunities. The “Basta” initiative, in partnership with the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing and regional municipalities, aims to support and empower street vendors by organizing and licensing designated locations and providing training programs. This initiative seeks to support eligible categories, including beneficiaries of social security, by providing sustainable small economic opportunities and supporting micro and very small projects.

Furthermore, the potential development of the Al-Rossen League clubs in the Al-Kharj region is anticipated to bring significant economic, social, media, and cultural momentum to the area, suggesting a focus on leveraging sports for broader development.

The sources generally portray a concerted effort towards economic development in Saudi Arabia, guided by Vision 2030 and encompassing diversification, strategic investments, and support for various levels of economic activity.

Saudi Arabia’s “A+” Credit Rating: Impacts and Factors

Saudi Arabia’s credit rating has been a significant aspect of its recent economic landscape, with several notable developments highlighted in the sources.

Recent Upgrades and Current Rating:

• Standard & Poor’s (S&P) raised Saudi Arabia’s credit rating to “A+”. This rating applies to both local and foreign currencies and comes with a stable future outlook.
• This “A+” rating is considered a high grade by S&P, indicating that Saudi Arabia possesses high creditworthiness. The next higher rating from S&P is “AA-“, with “AAA” being the highest possible.
• It is worth noting that S&P is one of the three major international credit rating agencies, along with Moody’s and Fitch, that provide impartial credit assessments.

Positive Impacts of the Credit Rating:

• The improved credit rating is expected to significantly enhance investor confidence in the Saudi market.
• It increases international trust in Saudi Arabia’s economic stability and strength.
• This higher rating enables more investments in infrastructure and development projects within the Kingdom.
• Saudi Arabia becomes a more attractive destination for foreign investors, particularly in non-oil sectors such as mining, technology, and tourism.
• The upgraded rating is also anticipated to boost the capital market through the development of the local capital market and by increasing investment opportunities.
• A strong credit rating like “A+” generally lowers the costs of obtaining loans and financing for the country.

Factors Contributing to the Positive Rating:

• The consistent international upgrades in Saudi Arabia’s credit rating over the past few years reflect the success of the Kingdom’s economic approach.
• The adoption of structural reforms has played a crucial role in this positive assessment.
• The maintenance of prudent financial policies contributes to financial sustainability and the strength of the Kingdom’s financial position.
• The stable future outlook reflects the ongoing progress in economic and social development, the expansion of the non-oil sector, and increased local capital formation.

Importance of Credit Ratings:

• Credit rating agencies like S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch provide assessments that help understand a country’s economic strengths and weaknesses. These assessments are often reflected in reports from international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
• Creditors utilize these ratings to evaluate the risks associated with lending to a country and to determine the appropriate interest rates for such loans.

In summary, Saudi Arabia’s recent credit rating upgrade to “A+” by Standard & Poor’s signifies strong creditworthiness and is expected to have numerous positive impacts on the Kingdom’s economy, primarily by enhancing investor confidence and attracting further investments, which aligns with the broader economic development goals outlined in Vision 2030.

Yemen: Houthi Attacks and US Response

The sources discuss Houthi attacks in Yemen, specifically in the context of responses to American actions and the targeting of vital waterways.

Here’s a breakdown of the information from the sources:

• Houthi attacks are occurring in response to American attacks.
• A US defense official, speaking anonymously to Reuters, denied claims of any Houthi attack bearing the name “Truman”, stating they have no knowledge of such an attack.
• Hegseth from Fox News stated that the campaign against the Houthis will continue “relentlessly” until the Houthis stop attacking ships and planes. He indicated that the current campaign will end once the Houthis cease these attacks, but until then, it will persist without let-up.
• Saf highlighted that the core issue is stopping the targeting of ships and assets in the vital water passage to ensure the return of normal movement. This is described as a matter of core national interest for the United States.
• It is alleged that Iran has been assisting the Houthis for a period of time.

In summary, the sources indicate that Houthi attacks are taking place in Yemen, prompting a response from the United States which includes military action. The primary concern for the US appears to be the disruption of maritime traffic in a critical water passage due to these attacks.

Saudi Arabia: Defining its Architectural Identity

The sources indicate that the Crown Prince has launched the Saudi Architecture Map featuring 19 styles. This initiative signifies a focus on the architectural landscape of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi architecture is described as a blend of a rich historical heritage and contemporary design, aiming to achieve a balance between the past and the present while improving the quality of life. The goal is for Saudi architecture to become a global source of inspiration for innovation in architectural design.

Furthermore, Saudi architecture is intended to enhance the Kingdom’s architectural diversity and support the improvement of the urban landscape in its cities, as well as enable local capabilities. It is expected to contribute significantly to the national economy, with projections of over 8 billion riyals in cumulative gross domestic product and the creation of more than 34,000 direct and indirect job opportunities in related sectors such as tourism and hospitality.

Efforts to implement Saudi architecture are being undertaken through partnerships between various entities, including engineering offices, developers, and government agencies. There is a focus on ensuring the highest standards of quality and sustainability, with design studios providing the necessary engineering support. Additionally, engineering workshops and guidance will be provided to train engineers and designers to develop local talent. The source also mentions Eastern Najdi architecture as one specific style.

In summary, the launch of the Saudi Architecture Map with 19 styles by the Crown Prince is a significant step towards defining and promoting Saudi Arabia’s unique architectural identity, which blends historical heritage with modern design principles, contributes to economic development, and involves collaborative efforts for high-quality and sustainable implementation.

Gaza Humanitarian Crisis: Blockade and Aid Prevention

The sources highlight a severe and worsening humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip. This crisis is characterized by the continuous closure of border crossings and the prevention of entry of humanitarian aid, goods, and fuel into the sector.

Key aspects of the crisis as described in the sources include:

• Food and Water Scarcity: Gaza is experiencing a food and water crisis amidst the closure of crossings and the ongoing blockade. The lack of essential goods and food supplies in the markets is compounded by rising prices.
• Prolonged Closure of Crossings: The Kerem Abu Salem crossing, located southeast of the Gaza Strip, has been closed by the Israeli army for the fifteenth consecutive day. This continued closure exacerbates the suffering of citizens, particularly during the month of Ramadan.
• Disruption of Essential Services: The tight blockade has left no room for normal life in Gaza, effectively turning it into a large prison under siege. The disruption has led to a paralysis of vital sectors, including transportation, and has stopped the work of bakeries and fuel supplies.
• Hindrance of Movement and Access: The closure prevents citizens’ movement and their ability to reach hospitals, medical centers, and workplaces, depriving thousands of citizens, employees, and workers of access to their livelihoods.
• Prevention of Aid and Supplies: The ongoing prevention of the entry of humanitarian aid and essential goods is a central feature of the crisis. This is occurring for the fifteenth consecutive day.
• Impact on Basic Rights: The situation in Gaza has deprived people of their most basic rights.
• Water Crisis: The sector is suffering from a severe water shortage, impacting both drinking water and water for domestic use.
• Targeting Humanitarian Efforts: The Ministry [presumably a Palestinian ministry] considers the systematic closure policy and the prevention of providing aid to millions of Palestinians as extensions of the occupation’s arbitrary measures. It views these actions as an attempt by the occupation to monopolize the Palestinian people and conceal its serious violations of international law and agreements.
• Impact on UNRWA: The ministry also noted the reduction of tasks and roles of international organizations, especially UNRWA, and the prevention of them from providing aid.
• Documenting Violations: The monitoring and documentation role of human rights organizations is ongoing amidst the continued prevention of humanitarian aid entry.

In summary, the humanitarian crisis in Gaza is dire and intensifying due to the prolonged closure of crossings and the prevention of essential supplies, including food, water, fuel, and medical aid. These actions are severely impacting the daily lives and basic rights of the Palestinian population in Gaza.

Global Updates: Saudi Economy, Yemen, Architecture, Gaza Crisis

Here is a study guide based on the topics we have discussed, drawing from the information in the sources and our conversation history:

1. Saudi Arabia’s Credit Rating

• Current Rating: Standard & Poor’s (S&P) raised Saudi Arabia’s credit rating to “A+” [our conversation history]. This applies to both local and foreign currencies and has a stable future outlook [our conversation history]. This “A+” rating is considered a high grade, indicating high creditworthiness [our conversation history].
• Positive Impacts: The improved rating is expected to increase investor confidence in the Saudi market and enhance international trust in its economic stability [our conversation history]. It is also anticipated to lead to more investments in infrastructure and development, making Saudi Arabia more attractive for foreign investors, particularly in non-oil sectors like mining, technology, and tourism [our conversation history]. Furthermore, it is expected to boost the capital market and generally lower the costs of obtaining loans and financing [our conversation history].
• Contributing Factors: The positive rating reflects consistent international upgrades over the past few years, the success of the Kingdom’s economic approach, the adoption of structural reforms, and the maintenance of prudent financial policies [our conversation history]. The stable outlook is due to ongoing progress in economic and social development, the expansion of the non-oil sector, and increased local capital formation [our conversation history].
• Importance: Credit rating agencies like S&P help understand a country’s economic strengths and weaknesses, and creditors use these ratings to evaluate risks associated with lending and determine appropriate interest rates [our conversation history].

2. Houthi Attacks in Yemen

• Response to US Actions: Houthi attacks are occurring in response to American attacks on Yemen. The Houthis stated they will continue targeting American ships in the Red Sea as long as the United States continues its attacks.
• Targeting Waterways: The Houthi group has targeted the American aircraft carrier Eisenhower and its warships in the Red Sea with ballistic missiles and drones. The core issue for the US is stopping the targeting of ships and assets in the vital water passage [our conversation history].
• US Response: The United States has been taking military action [our conversation history]. Hegseth from Fox News indicated that the campaign against the Houthis will continue until they stop attacking ships and planes [our conversation history].
• Claims of Specific Attacks: A US defense official denied claims of any Houthi attack bearing the name “Truman”, stating they have no knowledge of such an attack [our conversation history].

3. Saudi Architecture Map

• Launch and Scope: The Crown Prince has launched the Saudi Architecture Map featuring 19 styles [our conversation history]. This initiative focuses on Saudi Arabia’s architectural landscape [our conversation history].
• Design Philosophy: Saudi architecture aims for a blend of a rich historical heritage and contemporary design, balancing the past and the present while improving the quality of life [our conversation history]. The ambition is for it to become a global source of inspiration for architectural innovation [our conversation history].
• Goals and Impact: The initiative intends to enhance the Kingdom’s architectural diversity, improve the urban landscape, and enable local capabilities [our conversation history]. It is projected to significantly contribute to the national economy, with over 8 billion riyals in cumulative GDP and more than 34,000 job opportunities in related sectors [our conversation history].
• Implementation: Efforts involve partnerships between engineering offices, developers, and government agencies [our conversation history]. There is a focus on ensuring high standards of quality and sustainability, with design studios providing engineering support [our conversation history]. Engineering workshops and guidance will train local engineers and designers [our conversation history].
• Specific Styles: The source mentions Eastern Najdi architecture as one of the featured styles [3, our conversation history].

4. Gaza Humanitarian Crisis

• Severe Situation: Gaza is experiencing a severe and worsening humanitarian crisis. This is marked by the continuous closure of border crossings and the prevention of entry of humanitarian aid, goods, and fuel.
• Crossings Closure: The Kerem Abu Salem crossing has been closed by the Israeli army for the fifteenth consecutive day. The ongoing closure is intensifying the suffering of citizens, especially during Ramadan.
• Scarcity of Essentials: There is a food and water crisis with a lack of essential goods and food supplies in markets and rising prices.
• Disruption of Life: The blockade has left no room for normal life, turning Gaza into a large prison under siege. Vital sectors like transportation are paralyzed, and the work of bakeries and fuel supplies has stopped.
• Hindrance of Access: The closure prevents citizens from reaching hospitals, medical centers, and workplaces, depriving thousands of their livelihoods.
• Prevention of Aid: The prevention of humanitarian aid and essential goods entry is a key aspect of the crisis.
• Impact on Rights: The situation has deprived people in Gaza of their most basic rights.
• Water Crisis: Gaza is suffering from a severe water shortage affecting drinking and domestic use.
• Targeting Humanitarian Organizations: The [Palestinian] Ministry views the systematic closure policy and prevention of aid as attempts to monopolize the Palestinian people and conceal violations of international law. There is also a noted reduction of tasks and roles for international organizations, especially UNRWA, and prevention of them from providing aid.
• Documenting Violations: Human rights organizations continue to monitor and document violations amidst the aid prevention.

Regional Developments: Saudi Architecture and Gaza Crisis

Here is a briefing document based on our conversation history and the provided sources:

Briefing Document

Date: May 16, 2024 Subject: Key Regional Developments

This document provides a brief overview of key regional developments based on recent sources and our previous discussions.

1. Saudi Architecture Map

• Initiative: The Crown Prince has launched the Saudi Architecture Map, encompassing 19 distinct styles [our conversation history, 1]. This initiative underscores a significant focus on defining and promoting Saudi Arabia’s architectural identity [our conversation history].
• Design Principles: Saudi architecture aims to integrate its rich historical heritage with contemporary design principles [our conversation history, 6], striving for a balance between tradition and modernity while enhancing the quality of life [our conversation history]. The long-term vision is for Saudi architecture to become a global source of inspiration for innovation in the field [our conversation history].
• Objectives and Economic Impact: The project seeks to diversify the Kingdom’s architectural landscape, improve urban environments, and empower local capabilities [our conversation history]. It is projected to contribute substantially to the national economy, with an anticipated cumulative gross domestic product of over 8 billion riyals and the creation of more than 34,000 direct and indirect job opportunities in sectors like tourism and hospitality [our conversation history].
• Implementation Strategy: Achieving these goals involves collaborative efforts among various stakeholders, including engineering offices, developers, and government agencies [our conversation history, 1]. A strong emphasis is placed on adhering to the highest standards of quality and sustainability [our conversation history, 1]. Design studios will offer essential engineering support, and engineering workshops and guidance will be conducted to train engineers and designers, fostering local talent development [our conversation history, 1].
• Featured Architectural Style: The source specifically mentions Eastern Najdi architecture as one of the styles included in the map. This style reflects the regional characteristics and building traditions of the Eastern Najd area.

2. Gaza Humanitarian Crisis

• Critical Situation: The Gaza Strip is facing a severe and escalating humanitarian crisis [our conversation history, 35, 36]. This is primarily due to the continuous closure of border crossings and the ongoing prevention of humanitarian aid, essential goods, and fuel from entering the territory [our conversation history, 35, 37, 38].
• Prolonged Crossings Closure: The Kerem Abu Salem crossing has been closed by the Israeli army for the fifteenth consecutive day, significantly exacerbating the suffering of the civilian population, particularly during the month of Ramadan [our conversation history, 35].
• Scarcity and Price Increases: A severe food and water crisis is prevalent, characterized by a lack of essential supplies in markets and rising prices for the limited goods available [our conversation history, 35, 36].
• Disruption of Essential Services and Movement: The stringent blockade has effectively turned Gaza into a large prison under siege, severely disrupting normal life [our conversation history, 36]. Vital sectors such as transportation have been paralyzed, and the operations of bakeries and fuel supplies have been halted [our conversation history, 36]. Furthermore, the closure impedes the movement of citizens, preventing access to hospitals, medical centers, and workplaces, depriving thousands of their livelihoods [our conversation history, 36].
• Prevention of Aid Entry: The ongoing prevention of humanitarian aid and essential goods from entering Gaza is a central element of the crisis, continuing for the fifteenth consecutive day [our conversation history, 35, 38].
• Violation of Basic Rights: The dire situation has resulted in the deprivation of the Palestinian population in Gaza of their most basic human rights [our conversation history, 36].
• Water and Sanitation Crisis: The Gaza Strip is experiencing a severe water shortage, affecting both drinking water and water for domestic use, alongside a crisis in the use of domestic water [our conversation history, 36].
• Impact on Humanitarian Organizations: The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates views the systematic closure policy and the prevention of aid provision as extensions of the occupation’s arbitrary measures, aimed at controlling the Palestinian people and concealing violations of international law and agreements [our conversation history, 37, 38]. The ministry has also noted a reduction in the tasks and roles of international organizations, particularly UNRWA, and the obstruction of their aid efforts [our conversation history, 38].
• Monitoring and Documentation: Human rights organizations continue their crucial work of monitoring and documenting the violations committed amidst the ongoing prevention of humanitarian assistance [our conversation history, 38].

This briefing document highlights the ongoing developments in Saudi architecture and the critical humanitarian situation in Gaza, drawing directly from the provided sources and our previous discussions.

Saudi Arabia & Gaza: Recent Developments FAQ

Here is an FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) document based on the provided sources and our conversation history:

Frequently Asked Questions

Saudi Architecture Map

• Q: What is the Saudi Architecture Map?
• A: The Saudi Architecture Map is an initiative launched by the Crown Prince that identifies and showcases 19 distinct architectural styles prevalent in Saudi Arabia [our conversation history, 1].
• Q: What is the main goal of this initiative?
• A: The primary goal is to highlight and promote Saudi Arabia’s unique architectural identity by blending its rich historical heritage with contemporary design [our conversation history, 6]. The aim is for Saudi architecture to become a global source of inspiration for architectural innovation [our conversation history]. Additionally, it aims to reach a thriving society and vital economy by 2030.
• Q: What are the expected benefits of the Saudi Architecture Map?
• A: The initiative is expected to enhance the Kingdom’s architectural diversity, improve urban landscapes, and empower local capabilities [our conversation history]. It also projects a significant contribution to the national economy, with over 8 billion riyals in cumulative GDP and more than 34,000 job opportunities in related sectors [our conversation history].
• Q: How will the Saudi Architecture Map be implemented?
• A: Implementation involves collaboration between engineering offices, developers, and government agencies [our conversation history, 1]. There’s a focus on ensuring high standards of quality and sustainability [our conversation history, 1], with design studios providing engineering support and workshops training local engineers and designers [our conversation history, 1].
• Q: Can you name any specific architectural styles included in the map?
• A: Yes, the sources mention Eastern Najdi architecture as one of the 19 featured styles [3, our conversation history].

Gaza Humanitarian Crisis

• Q: What is the current humanitarian situation in Gaza?
• A: Gaza is currently facing a severe and worsening humanitarian crisis characterized by the continuous closure of border crossings and the prevention of entry of humanitarian aid, essential goods, and fuel [our conversation history, 35, 36].
• Q: What are the main consequences of the border crossing closures?
• A: The closures, such as that of the Kerem Abu Salem crossing for the fifteenth consecutive day, are intensifying the suffering of citizens, especially during Ramadan [our conversation history, 35]. This leads to a food and water crisis with a lack of essential supplies and rising prices [our conversation history, 35, 36], paralysis of vital sectors like transportation, and prevention of people from accessing hospitals, workplaces, and other necessities, depriving thousands of their livelihoods [our conversation history, 34, 36].
• Q: What is the impact on humanitarian organizations?
• A: The [Palestinian] Ministry views the systematic closure policy and prevention of aid as attempts to monopolize the Palestinian people and conceal violations of international law [our conversation history, 37, 38]. They also note a reduction of tasks and roles for international organizations, especially UNRWA, and the obstruction of their aid efforts [our conversation history, 38].
• Q: What is being done to address the crisis?
• A: Human rights organizations continue to monitor and document violations amidst the aid prevention [our conversation history, 38]. The [Palestinian] Ministry calls on the international community to intervene to stop the occupation’s measures against humanitarian organizations.

Other Topics

• Q: What is the National Environment Strategy in Saudi Arabia focusing on?
• A: The National Environment Strategy includes a program that encourages investments in the environment, contributes to raising environmental commitment, and supports research and innovation. A fund has been launched to support these environmental projects.
• Q: What is happening with historical mosques in Saudi Arabia?
• A: There is a royal directive to develop historical mosques to achieve a balance between traditional and modern construction standards.
• Q: What was the recent exhibition in Saudi Arabia about?
• A: An exhibition on Islamic projects was recently held, showcasing the Kingdom’s efforts in caring for mosques, serving the Quran, and providing social and da’wah programs.
• Q: Has Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University achieved any recent recognition?
• A: Yes, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University has achieved progress in the 2025 QS World University Rankings for specialties, ranking among the top 400 globally in three fields.
• Q: What is the significance of the library of the Grand Mosque in Mecca?
• A: The library of the Grand Mosque in Mecca is considered a significant scientific and cultural edifice, providing various services to visitors, researchers, and readers throughout the week.
• Q: What are the Saudi authorities doing regarding women’s empowerment?
• A: The Saudi authorities emphasize empowering women in various sectors, including the municipal sector, to enhance efficiency and their active role in sustainable development.
• Q: What are some trends in digital media discussed in the sources?
• A: Trends include the necessity for digital media to adapt to the spirit and tastes of the target audience, the integration of the metaverse in digital media to enhance interaction, and the increasing collaboration of news publishers with AI platforms to improve user experience.
• Q: What are the traditional markets in Najran like?
• A: The traditional markets in Najran embody the spirit of the old social life and reflect past economic patterns, daily life, customs, values, and traditions. They also play an important commercial role and serve as a living memory of history.
• Q: Why is the “Faisal Mosque” named as such?
• A: The “Faisal Mosque” was named in recognition of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia for his significant role in funding its construction and his efforts in strengthening relations between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia and supporting Islamic projects.
• Q: What is “Futoor Al-Awwaleen”?
• A: “Futoor Al-Awwaleen” (Breakfast of the Old Days) is an event held to celebrate heritage and bring back memories of the past, featuring traditional breakfast in a historical setting.

This FAQ provides answers to some key questions based on the information available in the sources and our conversation history.

Saudi Arabia and Regional News Roundup

Here is a summary of all the articles based on the provided sources:

• Source: This article announces the launch of the Saudi Architecture Map by the Crown Prince, featuring 19 Saudi architectural styles. It highlights that this initiative aims to blend historical heritage with contemporary design within the framework of the state’s plans for sustainable development and achieving Vision 2030, which targets a thriving society and a vital economy.
• Source: This article reports on the Houthi group’s threat to continue targeting American ships in the Red Sea as long as the United States continues its attacks on Yemen. The Houthis described the attacks against them as a “full-fledged war crime” and declared their readiness to escalate. Moscow urged Washington to stop the strikes. The Houthi military spokesperson mentioned that the group targeted the American aircraft carrier “Truman” and other warships in the Red Sea with ballistic missiles and drones.
• Source: This article discusses the integration of efforts between real estate developers, engineering offices, government agencies, and design studios to implement Saudi architecture, specifically mentioning Eastern Najdi architecture. The aim is to ensure the highest standards of quality and sustainability by providing engineering design support and training workshops for engineers and designers to qualify local talents. The article also briefly mentions a phone call between the Crown Prince and the Prime Minister of Italy to discuss the latest developments.
• Source: This article covers the approval by Prince Muhammad bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz, Governor of Jazan region and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Jazan Award for Excellence and Creativity, of the results of the award winners for the years 1445-1446 AH. The Prince emphasized that the Kingdom, including the Jazan region, includes a selection of distinguished and creative individuals in various scientific and practical fields.
• Source: This article reports on the launch of a campaign in the Eastern Province aimed at urging businessmen and women to provide financial support to the region and its people, particularly the most needy beneficiaries. The Governor of the Eastern Province expressed his gratitude for the campaign. The article also mentions the Governor’s meeting with the new Head of the Personal Status Court in Dammam and his well wishes.
• Source: This article outlines a program to encourage investments in the environment and enhance environmental commitment among various entities through incentives and grants. This aims to achieve environmental sustainability goals of Vision 2030 and improve the quality of life.
• Source: This article reports on the participation of Prince Khalid bin Saud bin Abdullah bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Governor of Tabuk Region, in an iftar banquet for orphans organized by the Charity Association for the Care of Orphans in the Tabuk region in cooperation with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development, coinciding with the Arab Orphan Day. The Prince conveyed the blessings of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince for the orphans.
• Source: This article highlights the recognition of distinguished students within various educational departments through a competition as part of a program to develop human capabilities. The total prizes for the distinguished students reached 287,000 riyals. This recognition aligns with the leadership’s support for students to achieve the goals of the human capacity development program.
• Source: This article discusses the unique architectural style of Al-Masmak Palace, noting its adaptation to climatic and natural conditions, use of local materials like cut stone and mud mortar, and the incorporation of palm tree components. It also mentions a project to develop historical mosques to balance traditional and modern construction standards.
• Source: This article covers the inauguration of an exhibition on Islamic projects by the Deputy Minister for Islamic Affairs, Call and Guidance, Dr. Abdulaziz bin Abdullah Al Sheikh, on behalf of the Minister. The exhibition showcases the Ministry’s efforts in serving the community and supporting quality initiatives in the non-profit sector.
• Source: This article further details the exhibition on Islamic projects, emphasizing the Ministry’s keenness to highlight the Kingdom’s efforts and leadership in caring for mosques, serving the Holy Quran, and providing da’wah and social programs that meet the needs of society. It also mentions the Minister’s attention to the quality transfer of the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Quran.
• Source: This article continues to describe the exhibition on Islamic projects, noting its focus on volunteer work, empowering the non-profit sector, and highlighting the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ program for Hajj, Umrah, and visit affairs. The exhibition witnessed significant interaction on its first day.
• Source: This article contains several local news briefs, including: the Al-Azam Mosque in Al-Ula dating back to the Prophet’s era, the library of the Grand Mosque in Mecca as a platform for scientific enrichment, and the efforts of female cadres in the Madinah Municipality to enhance the quality of municipal work. It also mentions the planting of trees.
• Source: This article elaborates on the Grand Mosque Library in Mecca, highlighting its significance as a scientific and cultural monument that welcomes visitors of various cultures and nationalities throughout the year, especially during Hajj, Umrah, and Ramadan. The library provides diverse services and keeps pace with modern technologies, making it a leading library in the holiest of places.
• Source: This article emphasizes the efforts to enhance the scientific, da’wah, guidance, educational, and awareness services directed to visitors of the Two Holy Mosques. This is based on the directives of the leadership to provide the best and highest quality services. It mentions the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque competing in their performance.
• Source: This article underscores the municipality’s commitment to developing the work environment by empowering women in various municipal sectors. This is seen as enhancing efficiency and their active role in achieving sustainable development and improving the attractiveness of Madinah.
• Source: This article discusses the need for digital media to be attractive, purposeful, and suitable for the spiritual atmosphere of Ramadan, while also addressing the tastes of the target audience. It highlights the challenge of using appropriate language for today’s generation and effective tools to meet their needs.
• Source: This article continues the discussion on digital media, emphasizing the rapid changes and the importance of adapting content. It mentions the idea of launching initiatives for young talents in media fields and training a generation of professional journalists.
• Source: This article concludes the discussion on digital media, noting the need for specialization in producing media content for each age group, unlike the past. It also includes briefs about the Al-Qiblatain Mosque in Madinah and popular markets in Najran as a living memory of the past.
• Source: This article provides details about the historical Al-Qiblatain Mosque in Madinah, mentioning the expansion and construction works to increase its capacity and develop its facilities. The project includes increasing the number of মুসলas to 3,000, adding a cultural center, plazas, landscaping, and electrical elevators.
• Source: This article further describes the popular markets in Najran, noting their appeal to visitors and tourists and the availability of traditional goods. It also includes briefs about the naming of Faisal Mosque in honor of King Faisal and the King Fahd Mosque in Argentina as prominent Islamic landmarks.
• Source: This article details the naming of Faisal Mosque in Pakistan after King Faisal of Saudi Arabia for his significant financial support and role in strengthening relations and supporting Islamic projects. It also introduces the King Fahd Mosque in Argentina as one of the most prominent Islamic landmarks in Latin America, built with Saudi Arabian government support.
• Source: This article describes the study circles in the Haram al-Makki al-Sharif, noting that lectures are open to everyone. It outlines the etiquette for attending, whether for study or mere curiosity. There is no mandatory registration for students.
• Source: This article includes a reflection on ships as a means of transportation that have brought peoples closer and boosted economies and trade, referencing a verse from the Quran. It also touches upon the physics behind ships floating, requiring their density to be less than that of water.
• Source: This article discusses the appointment of Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Thaqafi as governor of Mecca during the rule of Al-Walid bin Yazid. While his appointment occurred amidst internal conflicts within the Umayyad house, which affected the central government’s authority, Mecca was not entirely immune. The appointed governors from Damascus were primarily responsible for maintaining security, organizing Hajj affairs, and ensuring stability.
• Source: This article continues to discuss Mecca during the reign of Al-Walid, characterizing it as a transitional period amidst internal Umayyad conflict. While Mecca did not witness radical reforms, it was indirectly affected by the instability of the central government in Damascus, leading to frequent changes in the governors of the Hijaz. The reign of Al-Walid did not see significant achievements in Mecca but reflected the beginning of the weakening of the Umayyad state.
• Source: This article highlights the 提升 of the Kingdom’s credit rating by Standard & Poor’s to A+, indicating high creditworthiness and enhancing the confidence of international investors in the Saudi market.
• Source: This article explains the importance of the Kingdom’s A+ credit rating from Standard & Poor’s and other international rating agencies. It emphasizes that these ratings, along with reports from institutions like the IMF and World Bank, help identify strengths and weaknesses in the Saudi economy, enabling analysis and strategic planning for improvement.
• Source: This article further elaborates on the significance of credit ratings, explaining how creditors use them to assess risks associated with lending and determine interest rates. A high credit rating like A+ signifies a country’s ability to repay debts and access financing at reasonable costs.
• Source: This article reports on inflation rates, noting an increase of 1.0% in the Consumer Price Index, with food and beverage prices rising by 2.5%. Various categories saw price increases, including meat, poultry, and personal goods, while others like transportation, vehicles, and furniture experienced price declines.
• Source: This article presents an analysis of the Saudi economy, transitioning from “contraction” to “growth.” Despite a slight increase in future crude oil contracts, prices remain near multi-year lows due to economic pressures and demand forecasts. Concerns about a potential recession in the US also play a role.
• Source: This article continues to analyze the oil market, noting expectations of sustained negative sentiment that could limit oil price increases. Slower global economic growth could also push crude oil prices down. The market remains subject to volatility due to geopolitical and economic risks, with developments in the Eastern Europe conflict being a crucial factor.
• Source: This article further discusses the oil market, mentioning expectations of record US crude oil production, potentially adding downward pressure on prices. OPEC+ plans to increase production also contribute to this pressure. The article also notes concerns within the oil industry regarding potential negative impacts of US President Donald Trump’s pro-fossil fuel agenda.
• Source: This article concludes the analysis of the Saudi economy, highlighting that improved economic performance positively reflects on the quality of life and that investments in infrastructure contribute to this. Reforms in health, education, and sustainable development strengthen the Kingdom’s position as a reliable investment destination and a leading economic center in the region.
• Source: This article contains classified ads and a news brief about demands to enhance reforms in the accounting profession in Saudi Arabia and improve auditing processes. Financial sector leaders emphasized the growing role of accounting in maintaining investor confidence and financial transparency.
• Source: This article elaborates on the demands for accounting reforms, noting the consensus among participants at a forum organized by ICAEW and the Financial Academy in Riyadh. The need for accounting firms to go beyond regulatory compliance and integrate responsible leadership into their culture was discussed, highlighting a gap between ethical theories and their practical application.
• Source: This article continues the discussion on ethical governance in companies, with a director of a center for sustainability and climate at Prince Sultan University highlighting the lack of transparency regarding ethical principles on company websites in the Middle East and North Africa region. He stressed the importance of making ethical values an integral part of corporate operations.
• Source: This article reports on the worsening humanitarian suffering in Gaza due to the continued closure policy and prevention of essential supplies, including fuel for transportation. This has paralyzed vital sectors, hindered people’s movement, and limited access to hospitals and workplaces, depriving many of their livelihoods. The siege has turned Gaza into a large prison with severe water and sanitation crises and shortages of medical supplies.
• Source: This article details the Palestinian Foreign Ministry’s follow-up on the occupation’s restrictions against humanitarian aid, particularly the continued closure of the Kerem Abu Salem crossing. The Ministry calls on the international community to intervene to stop the occupation’s measures against humanitarian organizations.
• Source: This article continues to report on the Israeli occupation’s measures in Jerusalem, including preventing entry to Al-Aqsa Mosque and restricting Palestinians’ right to practice their religious rituals freely. These measures are seen as part of a systematic strategy to change the demographic and geographical character of Jerusalem.
• Source: This article further discusses the increasing fears of escalation by the occupation in Jerusalem during Ramadan, condemning the policies as a violation of international laws. It highlights the policy of forced displacement and plans to Judaize the holy city.
• Source: This article emphasizes that the Israeli displacement decisions violate international laws and conventions, including the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits the forced transfer of population. It notes the international community’s weak stance and the far-reaching effects of these measures on Palestinians’ daily lives, including loss of jobs and social connections.
• Source: This article highlights the steadfastness of the people of Jerusalem in the face of Israeli occupation policies and their efforts to challenge displacement decisions through popular support and community solidarity. It notes the presence of worshippers and those stationed at Al-Aqsa Mosque as a living model of resistance. The article also mentions Israeli forces conducting raids and arrests in several Palestinian cities.
• Source: This article reports on Israeli forces continuing to burn houses in Jenin and Tulkarm in the northern occupied West Bank. It details the killing of a Palestinian man near Salfit and raids and arrests in Nablus and Qalqilya.
• Source: This article further describes the Israeli forces’ actions in Tulkarm and Jenin, including intensifying raids, searching commercial shops, and burning and detonating houses in the Nur Shams camp. It also mentions the obstruction of movement and checking of IDs in the northern neighborhood of Tulkarm and raids on commercial shops in Suwaika Street, resulting in the arrest of a Palestinian man.
• Source: This article discusses the US re-designation of “Ansar Allah” (the Houthi movement) as a “foreign terrorist organization” and the prohibition of any American dealings with it. This comes after Houthi threats to attack ships. The article also includes a brief about a rocket explosion in Syria caused by a scrap collector, resulting in 16 deaths, and the re-opening of Aleppo International Airport.
• Source: This article reports on the historical drama series “Al-Zafer,” highlighting the participation of actor Jubran Al-Jubran who praised the work for its unique blend of imagination and reality, drawing from various historical narratives. He thanked the director and the Radio and Television Authority for their support. The article also mentions Dr. Rashed Al-Shamrani’s encouragement and the challenges faced during filming.
• Source: This article continues to discuss the drama series “Al-Zafer,” noting the participation of a selection of Saudi actors from different regions and the writing of Othman Juhi, who focused on social issues such as tribal conflicts and land disputes. Despite not being shown yet, the series is expected to achieve great success.
• Source: This article introduces the importance of the Al-Zahrani Club in gathering reading enthusiasts under an official umbrella, providing a stimulating environment for their hobby. The club aims to support, develop, and motivate creative ideas.
• Source: This article introduces “Video Art” as one of the most prominent contemporary artistic movements, arising from the intersection of arts and technology. It discusses its ability to break traditional barriers and explore new dimensions of time and space in moving images.
• Source: This article continues to discuss “Video Art,” noting its path towards flourishing in the local art scene despite initial challenges with infrastructure and public familiarity. It highlights the opening of cultural institutions and specialized events, such as the International Video Art Forum in Dammam, as efforts to solidify this art form in the Arab world.
• Source: This article describes the unique architectural design of traditional villages, showcasing the craftsmanship and adaptation of building techniques over generations, using materials like mud and stone. These villages are presented as open-air museums embodying the cultural identity of the region.
• Source: This article continues to describe traditional clay villages, emphasizing that simplicity in their heritage is not a deficiency in creativity. It also introduces the “Al-Khuzama” section, featuring poetry and photography.
• Source: This page of the “Al-Khuzama” section features poetry, including works by Bahlool Al-Zamily Al-Shammari and others, with themes related to the desert and its atmosphere.
• Source: This page of the “Al-Khuzama” section continues with Ramadan-themed poetry, highlighting the poets’ feelings towards the holy month and its spiritual atmosphere. It features the work of Salem bin Muhammad Al-Saqr.
• Source: This page continues the Ramadan poetry by Salem bin Muhammad Al-Saqr, celebrating the month of generosity, happiness, tolerance, and harmony.
• Source: This page continues the Ramadan poetry by Salem bin Muhammad Al-Saqr, focusing on themes of fasting, spiritual growth, and charitable acts.
• Source: This page concludes the Ramadan poetry by Salem bin Muhammad Al-Saqr, emphasizing good deeds, avoiding extravagance, and seeking closeness to God during the holy month.
• Source: This page features more Ramadan poetry, urging the fasting of the soul and seeking spiritual fulfillment through worship and reading the Quran.
• Source: This page concludes the Ramadan poetry, with verses about seeking forgiveness and divine blessings during the holy month. It also includes a poem by Muhammad Al-Salam about the beauty of nature.
• Source: This page of “Al-Khuzama” continues with poetry, reflecting on various themes.
• Source: This page concludes the poetry section of “Al-Khuzama,” with verses celebrating nature and its beauty. It also includes an invitation for readers to submit their photos and creative contributions.
• Source: This article mourns the passing of Abdullah Al-Asmari, a renowned poet and songwriter, highlighting his contributions to popular Saudi song in the nineties and his famous works sung by various artists.
• Source: This article continues the tribute to Abdullah Al-Asmari, mentioning more of his famous songs and the emotional impact of his passing on the artistic community.
• Source: This page continues the tribute to the late Abdullah Al-Asmari, quoting lyrics from his well-known songs.
• Source: This page concludes the lyrics of Abdullah Al-Asmari’s songs featured in his tribute.
• Source: This article features tributes to the late poet Abdullah Al-Asmari from various writers and figures in the cultural scene, highlighting his noble character, kindness, and significant contributions to literature and poetry.
• Source: This page continues the tributes to Abdullah Al-Asmari, with more heartfelt messages from fellow writers and media personalities, acknowledging his talent, ethics, and lasting impact.
• Source: This page features further condolences and eulogies for Abdullah Al-Asmari from fellow poets and artists, remembering his kindness, talent, and the void left by his absence.
• Source: This page continues the tributes to Abdullah Al-Asmari, with heartfelt messages and prayers for his soul and condolences to his family and the artistic community.
• Source: This page concludes the tributes to Abdullah Al-Asmari, with final messages of sorrow and remembrance from his friends and colleagues in the literary and artistic fields.
• Source: This page includes more condolences for Abdullah Al-Asmari and features a brief introduction to the concept of the digital metaverse as a significant transformation in media, allowing for user interaction within immersive three-dimensional environments.
• Source: This article elaborates on the digital metaverse, explaining its potential to redefine content development, consumption, and marketing through immersive virtual experiences using VR, AR, and AI. It discusses the creation of digital identities and the emergence of virtual economies.
• Source: This article continues to discuss the impact of the metaverse, highlighting its ability to overcome geographical limitations for virtual events and increase engagement. It notes examples of fashion brands entering the metaverse. The article also touches on the evolution of three-dimensional content in social media and news to enhance user interaction.
• Source: This article concludes the discussion on the digital metaverse, emphasizing its shift from a mere experiment to a new standard in modern media, integrating virtual events, 3D content, interactive journalism, and smart advertising. It transitions to a commentary on the challenges facing the United States, comparing efforts to prevent societal collapse to stopping a train with bare hands, given accumulated problems since the early 2000s.
• Source: This article continues the commentary on the United States’ challenges, discussing political polarization and economic efforts by the Trump administration, including protectionist measures and tax cuts. It argues that these actions might be insufficient in a complex globalized economy with a changing workforce and demographics.
• Source: This article shifts to a report on trends in digital media for news publishers, highlighting a growing trend towards collaboration with AI platforms to enhance user experience and increased use of alternative channels like WhatsApp and LinkedIn, while Facebook becomes less relevant for journalists. It also notes the increased investment in “social video” by major media organizations.
• Source: This article further discusses digital media trends, detailing the characteristics of effective social video content. It emphasizes the transformative role of generative AI in journalism, potentially improving editing and content personalization but also raising concerns about news credibility due to the rapid spread of AI-generated content.
• Source: This article presents a critique of sports commentary, using an analogy of a football match to highlight issues such as continuous irrelevant talk, biased praise, and uninspired delivery.
• Source: This article continues the critique of sports commentary, asserting that it is part of a broader sports media system needing comprehensive development, starting with sports criticism that has devolved into club-based promotion rather than objective analysis.
• Source: This page includes contact information for advertising and subscriptions for the newspaper, along with the title “Sports Commentary” attributed to Yousef Al-Qabban and Khalid bin Ali Al-Mutarrafi, reinforcing the theme of the previous two articles.
• Source: This article reports on a football match where Newcastle showed determination against Liverpool, scoring twice but ultimately losing in extra time.
• Source: This article analyzes the Newcastle football match, emphasizing that their performance indicates the positive impact of investment in the club and positions them as a rising force in English football. It suggests this success could attract more talent and lead to greater achievements.
• Source: This article provides a report on the Saudi national football team’s training session in Riyadh, held behind closed doors in preparation for their match against Japan in the eighth round of the Asian qualifiers. It mentions the team’s travel plans to Japan.
• Source: This article lists the 27 players called up for the Saudi national football team’s training camp in preparation for the match against Japan. It also mentions Saudi Arabia’s placement in Group C alongside China, Bahrain, Australia, and Japan in the first round of the Asian qualifiers.
• Source: This article reports that Al-Hilal player Khaled Al-Ghannam, currently on loan to Al-Ettifaq, has expressed his desire to continue with Al-Hilal after his loan period ends. The Al-Hilal coach previously praised Al-Ghannam’s abilities.
• Source: This article continues the report on Khaled Al-Ghannam, noting his positive relationship with Al-Hilal fans and his promise to give his best in future appearances. It also includes a brief about Al-Nasr’s victory in a match.
• Source: This article previews upcoming derby matches in the Saudi league between Al-Ittihad and Al-Ahli, and Al-Hilal and Al-Nasr, noting their significance in the league standings. It discusses Al-Ahli’s search for a win against Al-Ittihad to improve their position and break Al-Ittihad’s recent dominance. The article also considers how the league break might affect the readiness of the four teams.
• Source: This article includes brief sports notes, mentioning Al-Akhdoud’s loss and a player receiving a long added time, as well as the potential return of key players for Al-Nasr for the upcoming derby.
• Source: This page of the “Sports World” section features various sports briefs and commentary, including the departures of Cristiano Ronaldo after being substituted, the Moroccan national team coach’s call-up of Bounou, and statements from football coaches about their team’s preparations and refereeing decisions.
• Source: This article reports that Al-Ittihad is interested in signing Barcelona winger Ez Abde (Al-Zalzouli), with the club’s sporting director reportedly contacting the player. However, the report suggests the player might continue with Real Betis.
• Source: This page concludes the “Sports World” section with a brief about the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF) U-23 Championship to be held in Bahrain in 2025, featuring several national teams.
• Source: This article discusses the victory of Al-Hilal in the second leg of the Asian championship, emphasizing their deserving of the win. It calls on the coach to select new players for the national team who have greater ambitions and can achieve positive results.
• Source: This article continues the commentary on Al-Hilal’s performance and the importance of proper administration versus “chaos” of conflicting opinions. It also expresses a wish for the King Fahd and Al-Kharj clubs to gain momentum and for businessmen to support local clubs.
• Source: This article concludes with a quote about the impact of praise versus criticism and reiterates the need for companies to recognize the role of the sports sector and contribute to its development, aligning with the Kingdom’s Vision.
• Source: This page contains the newspaper’s masthead, indicating it is Al-Riyadh daily newspaper issued by Al-Yamamah Press Foundation on Monday, March 17, 2025. It also features a brief article about the “Futoor Al-Awwaleen” (Breakfast of the Old Days) event held in Al-Rass to celebrate heritage.

This summary covers the main topics and key details presented in each of the provided articles.

Al-Riyadh Newspaper, March 17, 2025: Key News and Features

Here is a summary of each page excerpt from the sources:

Page 16: This page is the front page of the Al-Riyadh newspaper, dated Monday, March 17, 2025 (17 Ramadan 1446 Hijri), issue number 20716, marking its 62nd year. The main headline announces that the Crown Prince has launched the Saudi Architecture Map with 19 styles. There is also a “Word” section discussing the Kingdom’s development during the past three decades, highlighting economic, social, and urban transformations within the framework of state plans. This development has contributed to sustainable development with large-scale investments in basic material and social infrastructure, industrial and service facilities. The vision aims to reach a thriving society and a vibrant economy by 2030, creating suitable job opportunities for citizens, nurturing talents, and exploiting significant investment opportunities. Contact information for the newspaper is provided.

Page 2: This page covers news related to the Houthi group and their threats against American ships in the Red Sea in response to continued US attacks on Yemen. A Houthi televised address stated the campaign could last weeks and they would continue to escalate if the aggression continues. The Houthi political office described US attacks as a “full-fledged war crime” and announced their forces’ readiness to escalate. Moscow urged Washington to stop the strikes. The Houthi military spokesperson claimed they targeted the American aircraft carrier Truman and other warships in the Red Sea with ballistic missiles and drones. A US defense official denied these claims, stating they have no knowledge of any Houthi attack on the Truman. A Houthi official, Houthi Higgsith, stated that their campaign would continue relentlessly until the US stops targeting their ships and aircraft, emphasizing the importance of the vital waterway and alleging Iranian support for the Houthis.

Page 4: This page includes a headline about the Eastern Najdi architecture, detailing efforts to apply and integrate governmental bodies, engineering offices, real estate developers, and investors to achieve the highest standards of quality and sustainability in design. Design studios will provide the necessary engineering support, along with training workshops and architectural guidance for engineers to qualify local talent. Another headline reports that the Crown Prince discussed the latest developments with the Italian Prime Minister. A separate article from Jazan reports that Prince Muhammad bin Nasser affirmed that the Kingdom includes an elite of distinguished and creative individuals in various scientific and practical fields, as he approved the results of the Jazan Award for Excellence and Creativity.

Page 6: This page features news about Prince Saud bin Nayef, the Governor of the Eastern Province, launching the “Bridge of Hope” campaign aimed at providing financial support and assistance to the neediest in the region. The Governor expressed his gratitude to those contributing to the campaign. In other news from the Eastern Province, the Governor received the President of the Personal Status Court in Dammam, Sheikh Khalid bin Ghazi Al-Harbi, on the occasion of his appointment, offering congratulations and wishing him success. Prince Saud bin Nayef also sponsored the ceremony for laying the foundation stone for the new headquarters of the “Zadak” Academy for Culinary Arts, praising its achievements, including winning an award as the best culinary arts academy in the Middle East for 2024 and receiving accreditation from the UN’s World Tourism Organization.

Page 8: This page contains an article about programs and incentives to encourage investments in the environment and involve various sectors in raising environmental commitment. These incentives and grants will be offered to companies, SMEs, research centers, universities, non-profit organizations, and other فعال actors to achieve the sustainable environmental targets of Vision 2030 and enhance the quality of life. Another article reports that Prince Fahd bin Sultan bin Abdulaziz, the Governor of Tabuk, sponsored an iftar banquet for orphans, organized by the Charity Association for Orphans’ Welfare in Tabuk in cooperation with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development, coinciding with Arab Orphan Day. Prince Khalid bin Saud bin Abdullah bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz, the Deputy Governor of Tabuk, also attended.

Page 10: This page continues the report on the Tabuk iftar for orphans, noting the care and attention given by the leadership to orphans and their needs. The Deputy Governor of Tabuk conveyed the thanks and gratitude of the orphans for the continued support and participation in their events. Below this, a headline announces that Prince Saud bin Nayef, the Governor of the Eastern Province, inaugurated the “Bridge of Hope” campaign during his meeting with Sheikh Al-Harbi. Another headline reports that Al-Huqail witnessed the signing of the advertising plan project for Makkah Al-Mukarramah. The page also includes a continuation of an article, possibly about educational achievements, mentioning that Dr. Al-Alkami highlighted the honoring of distinguished students who excelled in various academic areas, including international tests, innovation, volunteering, and scientific aptitude, noting that the total awards reached 287 thousand riyals and that this aligns with the leadership’s support for developing human capabilities.

Page 12: This page focuses on the distinguished architectural design of the expansion project of the Prophet’s Mosque, noting its ability to adapt to climatic conditions and the use of natural materials like cut stone and palm components for roofing and insulation. The project aims to achieve a balance between old and modern construction standards in developing historical mosques. Another article reports that the Minister of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance, Dr. Abdulaziz bin Abdul Latif Al-Sheikh, inaugurated an exhibition representing the Kingdom’s projects in cooperation with the الشيشان والهند, in the presence of the Ministry’s Undersecretary, Dr. Hamad bin Hamza Al-Gifal, and representatives of the King Khalid Foundation, alongside other interested parties in charitable and social work.

Page 14: This page continues the report on the inauguration of the exhibition by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, highlighting the Undersecretary, Dr. Hamad bin Hamza Al-Gifal’s, emphasis on the exhibition’s importance within the Ministry’s efforts to promote the role of the non-profit sector in serving the community and supporting quality initiatives. He affirmed the Ministry’s keenness to showcase the Kingdom’s and its leadership’s efforts in caring for mosques, serving the Holy Quran, and providing da’wah and social programs that meet the needs of society. Dr. Al-Gifal also noted the quality transfer of the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Quran under the Minister’s direct supervision and the increase in operational efficiency and production levels at lower costs.

Page 15: This page continues the report on the Ministry of Islamic Affairs’ exhibition, mentioning its review of the Ministry’s efforts in volunteering and empowering the non-profit sector. It also sheds light on the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ program for Hajj, Umrah, and Visit affairs, overseen by the Minister of Islamic Affairs, reflecting the Kingdom’s keen interest in serving all Muslims. The first day of the exhibition witnessed significant interaction. A separate article highlights that the Al-Azam Mosque in Al-Ula dates back to the era of the Prophet and that its absorptive capacity reaches 580 worshippers. The exhibition also reviewed quality initiatives serving Islamic and da’wah work. Another small piece mentions tree planting.

Page 16: This page features local news, including a headline about the Haram Mosque Library being a platform for scientific provision. The article describes the library, located within the Holy Mosque in Makkah, as a significant source and cultural platform that welcomes visitors and knowledge seekers of various cultures from most countries worldwide. It offers diverse information resources and services around the clock, keeping pace with modern developments, making it one of the most important libraries in the holiest places, serving researchers and readers.

Page 18: This page continues the discussion about the Haramain Library, emphasizing its role in enhancing the scientific and da’wah message of the Two Holy Mosques and forming an integrated system of guidance, counseling, and educational services for visitors. This is based on the directives of the leadership, which always emphasizes providing the best and highest quality services to those who visit the Two Holy Mosques. The General Presidency for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque takes pride in its performance. Another headline reports that Dr. Ali Muhammad Al-Sabahi, head of the Digital Press Club, stated that the need for innovative and attractive programs suitable for the spirituality and taste of the targeted audience has become urgent. The page also mentions the importance of using language and effective tools that resonate with today’s generation.

Page 19: This page continues with Dr. Al-Sabahi’s statement, where he stressed the need to verify daily مشاهدات and noted a trend among Western media towards adopting innovation as a central pillar to reach and understand audience needs and interests using modern measurement technologies. Dr. Abdulaziz Al-Hazmi, a professor of communication and media at King Saud University, explained that media is changing rapidly, with new means emerging, making it important to adapt content to obtain suitable outcomes. Hamdan Yassin Al-Lahyani, a broadcaster at the Holy Mosque studio, saw the need to launch initiatives for talented youth in media fields to build a skilled media generation.

Page 20: This page concludes Hamdan Yassin Al-Lahyani’s view on the need for youth initiatives in media. Ali Al-Ghamdi, a well-known television director, cautioned that today’s generation of recipients needs specialization in producing media content for each age group, unlike the previous generation. The page also includes the section “Unforgettable“.

Page 21: This page features two main articles. The first is about Al-Qiblatain Mosque in Madinah, a historical mosque significant to visitors for its connection to the Prophet’s era and the direction of prayer. The second article discusses the popular markets in Najran as a living memory of a bygone era, reflecting the social life, economic patterns, daily life, customs, principles, values, and traditions of those societies. Besides their commercial role in showcasing local products and meeting various needs, they preserve the history and stories of the Najran community, serving as a place for people to gather, exchange news and stories, and share experiences.

Page 22: This page continues the article about the popular markets in Najran, emphasizing their appeal to visitors and tourists interested in the region’s heritage. It highlights the presence of the Janabi market, as well as shops for leather, handicrafts, and traditional clothing. Another article mentions that science and culture enthusiasts find their interest in the library, likely referring back to the Haram Mosque Library. There is also a note about honoring the Director of Media in the Makkah region and a picture with the caption mentioning colleague Hani Al-Lahyani with broadcaster Yassin Al-Lahyani in the meeting. A small text notes “diligent efforts to achieve success and development“.

Page 23: This page features a picture of worshippers praying in a mosque with the caption “distinguished architectural design“. Another picture shows a market scene with the caption “important commercial role played by the old markets“. Text below this states “markets reflect the daily life patterns, customs and traditions“. The page also reports that Sheikh Dr. Abdulaziz bin Abdullah Al Al-Sheikh, the Minister of Islamic Affairs, inaugurated the exhibition “Atyaf” of the Kingdom’s projects in الشيشان والهند, attended by the Ambassador of the Kingdom to الشيشان, Dr. Hamad Al-Gifal, and the Ambassador of India.

Page 24: This page contains articles about mosques in different parts of the world named after Saudi kings. One article discusses the naming of Faisal Mosque in Pakistan in honor of King Faisal, recognizing his significant role in funding its construction and strengthening relations between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, as well as his support for Islamic projects. Another article introduces King Fahd Mosque in Argentina, located in Buenos Aires, as one of the most prominent Islamic landmarks in Latin America and one of the largest mosques in Argentina and South America, built with the support of the Saudi government in honor of King Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud for his role in enhancing relations between the two countries and supporting Islamic causes.

Page 25: This page delves into the experience of students seeking knowledge in Haram. It notes that while the desire to learn is prevalent, it often arises early in the children of scholars but can be delayed for others due to family obstacles. A significant portion of students come from non-Arab backgrounds, requiring them to first learn Arabic to understand lectures. Younger students or those who didn’t learn Arabic in their home countries start by reading the Quran before attending schools run by members of their community in Makkah, where they are taught Arabic with the help of books in their native language. After overcoming these initial difficulties, these students join their academic studies in Haram. Some students, not being of the same status as scholars, may remain with them to further their knowledge.

Page 26: This page continues describing the educational environment in Haram, mentioning that lectures are open and free to all, even for those just curious, who are expected to sit at the back. Those intending to study regularly choose a spot between acquaintances. After a few lectures, the teacher notices their presence and might speak to them at the end, though there is no formal registration. A teacher might even visit a student if they are absent, emphasizing that learning in Haram is not compulsory.

Page 27: This page begins a section titled “Ramadan Days” with a piece called “Planks and Nails” discussing ships as a means of transportation that has brought peoples closer, increased trade, and boosted economies. It explains the principle of buoyancy based on density and mentions that the first ship was built by Prophet Noah (peace be upon him), as mentioned in the Quran (Surah Al-Qamar: 13), which describes it as being made of “planks and nails” (دسر meaning nails). It also points out that while ships were initially stationary, God has enabled them to be moved by machines or wind.

Page 28: This page continues the discussion about ships, noting the design of ships with a “U” shape to help them stay afloat on the sea surface. It reiterates that the first ship was built by Prophet Noah, taught by God and made of wood and nails. The page then shifts to historical context with a section about the appointment of Muhammad bin Yusuf Al-Thaqafi as governor of Makkah during the reign of Al-Walid bin Yazid. Although his appointment was intended to establish order, the political situation was unstable due to internal conflicts within the Umayyad dynasty, which affected the central government’s authority.

Page 29: This page continues discussing the Umayyad era, noting that while Makkah was not directly affected by security disturbances, it was not immune to the impact of the internal Umayyad conflicts. The governors appointed from Damascus played a key role in maintaining security, organizing Hajj affairs, and ensuring stability, but their positions changed with the shifting power dynamics in Damascus.

Page 30: This page concludes the historical overview of Makkah during the Umayyad period, stating that the reign of Al-Walid did not witness radical reforms in Makkah and was more of a transitional phase reflecting the political struggles as the Umayyad state began to weaken in its final years. While Makkah did not suffer directly from security unrest, it experienced administrative instability due to the central government’s weakness, leading to frequent changes in the governors of the Hijaz according to the fluctuating political landscape in Damascus. Therefore, Al-Walid’s rule in Makkah was less about achievements and more about reflecting the growing weakness within the Umayyad state.

Page 31: This page features financial and economic news. The main headline announces that the Kingdom has obtained numerous global upgrades in its credit ratings, reflecting the continuous positive trend in the Saudi economy and the effectiveness of the implemented structural reforms and financial planning policies that enhance financial sustainability and the strength of the Kingdom’s financial position. In this regard, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) agency raised the Kingdom’s sovereign credit rating in local and foreign currencies to A+ with a stable outlook.

Page 32: This page continues the report on the Kingdom’s credit rating upgrade by Standard & Poor’s to A+, emphasizing that this high rating signifies a strong creditworthiness. The article explains the rating scale and mentions that S&P had given the Kingdom the same rating in the previous February. It highlights the importance of these ratings and those from other international agencies like Moody’s, as they provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the national economy, aiding in the implementation of SWOT analysis to enhance strengths and minimize weaknesses for the benefit of the Kingdom.

Page 33: This page further explains the significance of credit ratings, stating that creditors use these ratings to assess the risks of a country defaulting on its debts and to determine the interest rates they will charge. A strong credit rating (e.g., A) means lower borrowing costs for the country.

Page 34: This page discusses the implications of credit ratings on a country’s ability to borrow and the associated costs, emphasizing that a high credit rating allows a country to obtain financing at more favorable terms within the accepted international standards.

Page 35: This page presents economic data, noting that consumer prices in the Kingdom rose by 1.0% in the latest reading, mainly due to a 25.5% increase in meat and poultry prices, a 3.7% increase in food and beverage prices, and a 3.9% rise in the prices of miscellaneous personal goods and services, driven by a 26.7% increase in jewelry and watches. The hospitality sector also saw a 0.8% increase due to higher restaurant and hotel prices, while higher education fees rose by 4.3%. On the other hand, some sectors experienced price declines, with transportation prices falling by 1.5%, influenced by a 2.4% decrease in vehicle purchase prices and a 2.5% drop in furniture and household equipment prices.

Page 36: This page continues the discussion of the Saudi economy, noting the drop in furniture and household equipment prices by 2.5%. It concludes by stating that oil production is a major contributor to the Kingdom’s economy and generates significant revenue for the state. The page then introduces a new section titled “Kingdom’s Economy.. From ‘Contraction’ to ‘Growth’” by Dr. Abdullah bin Abdulmohsen Al-Faraj.

Page 37: This page features an article by Dr. Abdullah bin Abdulmohsen Al-Faraj discussing the Saudi economy’s shift from “contraction” to “growth”. It also includes a separate piece about crude oil futures recording a slight rise in the last trading session of the past week, yet still hovering near their lowest levels in several years due to ongoing economic pressures and demand forecasts, potentially contributing to continued downward pressure on prices. Hassan Qafterid, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Fawaz Company, also noted that fears of a potential recession in the United States played a significant role in increasing market uncertainty, along with concerns related to US tariffs affecting major oil market participants like China.

Page 37: This page continues the discussion on oil prices, stating that the persistence of these factors is expected to reinforce negative sentiment, potentially limiting any significant increase in oil prices, especially given the possibility of slower economic growth and declining demand from major economies. The oil market remains subject to volatility, particularly due to geopolitical risks and their impact on investor sentiment. Developments in the Iranian nuclear talks are also seen as a crucial factor influencing future market direction, as a reduction in sanctions could significantly increase oil supply, further contributing to downward pressure on prices.

Page 38: This page continues the analysis of the oil market, noting that US crude oil production is expected to reach new record levels this year, which could put additional pressure on prices, especially in April. OPEC+’s continued plans to increase production could also add supply pressure unless demand successfully absorbs the extra volumes. Officials from oil companies gathered in Houston last week learned that the agenda of US President Donald Trump, who supports fossil fuels, represents a negative aspect.

Page 39: This page discusses the positive impact of improved economic performance on the Kingdom, noting that investments in infrastructure, transportation, housing, and healthcare contribute to improving the quality of life. Reforms in the education sector also support sustainable development and enhance human resources. The Kingdom’s high credit rating strengthens its position as a reliable investment destination, enhancing its role as a leading economic center in the region. The future holds many opportunities, and the Kingdom is moving steadily towards achieving economic transformation, with a focus on diversification, integration, innovation, and promoting a sustainable environment, which will make it a leading model in sustainable development and enhance its presence in global markets.

Page 40: This page contains classified advertisements, including a notice from a Yemeni national, Hajer Ali Mohammed, reporting the loss of his passport issued in Riyadh and requesting its return to the nearest Passport Department or the Yemeni Embassy in Riyadh. There is also a section titled “Demands to Strengthen Reforms in the Accounting Profession and Improve Audit and Review Processes“, reporting on a symposium hosted by the ICAEW in Riyadh where financial leaders, regulators, academics, and industry experts discussed the growing role of the accounting profession in maintaining investor confidence and financial transparency.

Page 41: This page continues the report on the symposium about the accounting profession. Participants agreed that accounting firms must move beyond regulatory compliance and integrate responsible institutional leadership into their culture effectively and clearly. Mohammed Taha, a partner at KPMG, pointed out a gap between professional ethical standards and their actual application, stating that leadership should prioritize the public interest and investors’ needs and have the ability to uncover unethical practices.

Page 42: This page continues the discussion from the accounting symposium. Mansour Mohammed Nour Al-Raboufi, Director of the Prophet’s Center for Sustainability and Climate at Sultan University in the Kingdom, mentioned his university’s aim to be the first certified carbon-free university in the Middle East and North Africa. He highlighted the lack of transparency in ethical governance among companies, noting that research shows very few companies clearly disclose their ethical principles on their websites in the Middle East and North Africa. He emphasized that companies should make ethical values an integral part of their operations instead of just having undeclared or partially available confidential policies.

Page 43: This page reports on the humanitarian suffering in Gaza, highlighting the ongoing siege and its severe impact on the population. It mentions the systematic closure policies that extend beyond bakeries and affect transportation and fuel sectors, disrupting citizens’ movement and access to hospitals and workplaces, depriving thousands of essential services. The siege has turned Gaza into a large prison, denying people their basic rights, leading to severe shortages of clean water and an increasing crisis in the use of contaminated water, as well as shortages of food and medicine.

Page 44: This page continues the report on Gaza, with the Palestinian Foreign Ministry affirming its follow-up on the repercussions of the Israeli occupation’s campaign against humanitarian aid organizations. The ministry called on the international community and relevant UN institutions to intervene to stop the occupation’s measures against these organizations working in the humanitarian field. In a press statement, the ministry expressed its serious concern about the measures taken by the Israeli occupation authorities against international humanitarian aid organizations in the occupied Palestinian territories, which create significant obstacles to their work.

Page 45: This page continues the report on the situation in Palestine, mentioning the recent exchange of prisoners. It emphasizes that the Israeli targeting aims to undermine the clear Palestinian identity. The orders to restrict access have not been limited to entering Al-Aqsa Mosque but extend to preventing any presence in the Old City and its surroundings, severely restricting Palestinians’ right to practice their religious rituals freely. These decisions are part of the occupation’s strategy for systematic demographic and geographic alteration of Jerusalem, intensifying forced displacement and continuous attacks and harassment of residents.

Page 46: This page further discusses the escalating concerns in Jerusalem during Ramadan due to Israeli policies. It calls for Arab and international stances to confront these violations and ensure Palestinians’ right to access their holy sites. The Israeli policy of displacement, especially during Ramadan, reflects plans aimed at Judaizing the holy city and imposing complete control over it. Israeli displacement decisions are a blatant violation of international laws and conventions that prohibit forced displacement and racial discrimination.

Page 47: This page elaborates on the Israeli actions in Jerusalem, stating that according to the Fourth Geneva Convention, the occupation is prohibited from forcibly transferring residents from their lands or imposing collective penalties. UN resolutions affirm the Palestinian right to access religious holy sites freely. However, Israeli authorities continue to disregard these laws, exploiting weak international political stances to continue their repressive policies against Jerusalemites. The impact of displacement extends beyond preventing access to Al-Aqsa Mosque, significantly affecting their daily lives, with many losing their jobs and social connections. Targeting influential figures aims to weaken any societal resistance to Judaization policies.

Page 48: This page highlights the continued steadfastness of Jerusalemites despite the ongoing repression and their efforts to challenge displacement decisions through popular solidarity and community cohesion. The steadfast individuals ( المرابطون) at Al-Aqsa Mosque remain a living model of resistance amidst increasing Palestinian calls to intensify visits to the Mosque and the Old City. Additionally, Israeli occupation forces launched raids and arrests in several Palestinian cities, while continuing to burn homes in Jenin and Tulkarm in the northern occupied West Bank. Local sources reported the martyrdom of Maher Abdul Salam from Sarata village west of Salfit, after being chased by Israeli forces near the wall in Al-Ram, north of occupied Jerusalem. Israeli forces also raided the cities of Nablus and Qalqilya, as well as the new Askar and Balata camps in Nablus.

Page 49: This page continues reporting on the Israeli raids, stating that occupation forces raided Askar refugee camp at dawn, arresting 6 Palestinians east of Nablus in the towns of Beit Furik and Beit Dajan, which led to clashes involving the firing of sound bombs and tear gas. Israeli forces also raided the village of Odla south of Nablus, arresting student Ibaa Amar from An-Najah National University in Rafidia, west of the city, and also arrested Jihad Khousri and Fahmi Al-Jaghoub after raiding their homes in Beitah, south of the city. The page then shifts to “Burning Homes in Tulkarm and Jenin“, detailing the intensification of Israeli forces’ aggression on Tulkarm and its camp, including raiding commercial shops, searches, and setting fire to and detonating homes in Nur Shams camp. Local sources reported two military vehicles of the occupation stationed around Sweika roundabout in the northern neighborhood of the city, where Israeli soldiers obstructed the movement of vehicles and residents, especially after the Taraweeh and Isha prayers, checking IDs, detaining youth in the field, amidst the firing of sound bombs and live ammunition to intimidate residents. Occupation forces also raided several commercial shops on Sweika Street, conducting thorough searches and interrogating workers before forcing their closure, and arrested Palestinian Muath Abu Samla after raiding his home.

Page 51: This page reports on a Syrian incident where a scrap metal collector caused a rocket to explode in Latakia, western Syria, resulting in the death of 16 people according to the Civil Defense. Another news item states that Aleppo International Airport will resume operations tomorrow. In the “Political” section, it mentions that the American strikes came after the Houthi threat to attack ships (Reuters). Below this, there is a report that earlier this month, the United States re-designated the “Ansar Allah” movement (“Houthis”) as a “foreign terrorist organization” and banned any American dealings with it.

Page 52: This page focuses on cultural and entertainment news, specifically about the historical drama “Al-Zafer“. Actor Jabran Al-Jabran expressed his happiness in participating in the series, describing it as unique and different from previous works, blending imagination and reality and drawing its stories from various historical narratives and events. He praised Abdullah Hazazi, the director, and thanked him for his support in producing the work for radio and television. Al-Jabran also revealed that Dr. Rashid Al-Shamrani was a key reason for his joining the series, as he provided encouragement and support. He also thanked performance coach Rashid Al-Warthan for his outstanding role as “Khabalan” and acknowledged the challenges faced by director Sheikh Najib Saif in accurately portraying the details of the historical period, overcoming the difficulty of time constraints, terrain, and filming.

Page 53: This page continues the discussion about the drama series “Al-Zafer,” with Jabran Al-Jabran adding that the cast includes an elite of Saudi actors from various regions of the Kingdom, aiming to present a comprehensive work that blends authenticity and renewal. Among the prominent names in the series are Muhammad, Marwa Muhammad, Ghada Al-Mal, Azzam Al-Nimri as “Jaber,” Rahi Fahd as “Mashoura,” and others. The script was written by Othman Juhi, who ensured a mix of imagination and reality while addressing social issues such as tribal conflicts, land disputes, farms, trade caravans, and protecting villages and markets. Jabran concluded by noting that despite the work not yet being shown, there are widespread expectations of its great success in the upcoming period, with some critics seeing the focus on positives at this stage as necessary to support Saudi drama, which is witnessing noticeable development in the coming years with numerous productions.

Page 54: This page features news about the cultural scene. Sharifah Al-Nadi, the president, emphasized the importance of the Zahrani Club in gathering enthusiasts and providing a nurturing environment for practicing the hobby of reading and other hobbies under an official umbrella, facilitating their registration and fostering support, development, and motivation for creative ideas. Ruby Al-Ghamdi from the club pointed out that the club will be a source of inspiration and creativity through books, providing members with discovery factors. Hanan Mar’i added that the club contributes to promoting the habit of reading among individuals in society and developing intellectual skills, in addition to holding cultural events, workshops, and hosting writers and authors to enrich the members’ experience.

Page 55: This page introduces “Video Art.. and Contemporary Art Movements,” considering it one of the most prominent contemporary artistic trends that emerged from the intersection of arts and technology. Video art has managed to break traditional barriers in art and present a new human language carrying philosophical and experimental meanings. With the rapid developments witnessed by the artistic scene, the question arises: How has video art flourished in the artistic arena? Since its launch in the sixties of the last century, video art came as an innovative artistic experiment aiming to explore the temporal and spatial dimensions of the moving image, thus liberating itself from the constraints of traditional cinematic forms and representing new windows where technology intertwines with artistic expression, providing artists with a new canvas for creativity and experimentation through modern techniques.

Page 56: This page continues the discussion about the rise of video art in the local and international artistic scene and art galleries. This art form has faced challenges, as specialized artistic infrastructure and academic curricula were not always available, while audiences were more accustomed to traditional art forms. However, change began to appear with the openness of cultural institutions and their support, along with the organization of specialized events aimed at shedding light on this trend. The Damman International Video Art Forum is mentioned as a living example of the efforts made to establish this art in the Arab world, bringing together local and international artists and critics in experimental works that combine modern thought and technical experimentation, highlighting the potential of video art.

Page 57: This page describes the traditional architecture of villages in Asir, characterizing them as open museums that embody the cultural identity of the region, offering visitors an exceptional journey and presenting a living reflection of the daily lives of ancestors, contributing to interactive experiences that harmonize with the demands of the era. The page details the traditional house design with interconnected rooms like bedrooms, kitchen, and majlis, plus interior courtyards as the heart of daily life. It mentions the skill of the region’s inhabitants in adapting inherited techniques within advanced construction possibilities over decades, evident in the wall design using a mixture of stone and mud resistant to rain, and considering the direction of openings in the architectural sun.

Page 58: This page concludes the description of Asir’s traditional architecture, quoting architect Farid who affirms that the simplicity of the clay villages is not a deficiency of creativity but rather a witness to the heritage. The page then introduces a new section “Al-Khuzama” featuring poetry and photography with the theme “Ramadaniyat“.

Page 59: This page continues the “Al-Khuzama” section with more poetry, including a piece titled “A Flower’s Scent Imitates the Scent of Cambodian Wood” by Bahloul Al-Zamily Al-Shammari, expressing imagery related to the desert and its scents.

Page 60: This page continues the poetry section of “Al-Khuzama,” featuring a poem by Salem bin Mohammed Al-Sa’er from Al-Marah in Al-Ahsa Governorate, known for his strong and purposeful social poetry. This particular poem focuses on the spiritual atmosphere of the blessed month of Ramadan, urging the observance of inner piety and the enjoyment of its days and nights, emphasizing Ramadan as a generous month of happiness, tolerance, and harmony.

Page 61: This page continues Salem bin Mohammed Al-Sa’er’s poem about Ramadan, highlighting its blessedness, the joy it brings, and the opportunities for spiritual growth and good deeds.

Page 62: This page continues the same poem, further elaborating on the virtues of Ramadan, such as fasting, reflection on the Quran, seeking forgiveness, and acts of charity and kindness towards neighbors and those in need.

Page 63: This page concludes Salem bin Mohammed Al-Sa’er’s poem, emphasizing the importance of avoiding extravagance, safeguarding blessings, observing inner piety, seeking happiness in worship, reciting the Quran, and repenting from sins. It also touches on the themes of generosity and the changing seasons.

Page 64: This page ends Salem bin Mohammed Al-Sa’er’s Ramadan poem, continuing with themes of generosity, seeking rain, the beauty of nature after drought, and seeking forgiveness for sins. It also includes a final stanza about elevating one’s soul through devotion to God and sending blessings to the Prophet Muhammad, followed by the name of the poet, Mohammed Al-Salam.

Page 65: This page features another poem in the “Al-Khuzama” section titled “This Nature is a Lasting and Beautiful Love” by Saud Ayash Al-Harbi from Jeddah, expressing a deep connection to nature and its beauty.

Page 66: This page continues the poem by Saud Ayash Al-Harbi, further describing the beauty and allure of nature, including valleys, plains, and the flow of water. It also includes another poem by Muhammad Abdullah Al-Waili from Hawtat Sudair, cautioning against the dangers of floods and urging preparedness, as life is fleeting.

Page 67: This page continues Muhammad Abdullah Al-Waili’s poem about the dangers of floods. It also features another short poem and some fragmented text that is difficult to summarize coherently but seems to relate to emotional feelings and the beauty of nature.

Page 68: This page concludes the fragmented poem. It also features a headline “Poetry and Art Arena Mourns the Passing of Abdullah Al-Asmari“, marking the transition to obituaries and tributes. The page includes contact information for submitting poetry and photos to the “Al-Khuzama” section.

Page 69: This page is dedicated to mourning the passing of the esteemed poet and lyricist Abdullah Al-Asmari, who passed away due to a sudden health issue. The article highlights Al-Asmari’s significant contributions to popular song in the nineties, with many famous singers performing his lyrics, including the song “The Wounds” sung by Rashed Al-Fares. The lyrics of this song,

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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This collection of articles from the Al Riyadh newspaper covers a diverse range of topics, primarily focusing on Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic efforts, economic developments, and social initiatives. The paper reports on the Crown Prince’s dialogue regarding the Ukraine crisis and the Kingdom’s commitment to facilitating peace. Additionally, it highlights Standard & Poor’s positive credit rating for Saudi Arabia and the nation’s drive to boost investment. Several articles detail Saudi Arabia’s humanitarian and religious outreach, including Ramadan feeding programs and Quran competitions internationally. Furthermore, the publication includes local news, sports updates, cultural discussions, and economic analysis, offering a broad snapshot of current affairs.

Read Previous Al-Riyaz Newspapers

Understanding the Source Material: A Study Guide

Quiz: Short Answer Questions

1. According to the article, what is Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s stance on the Russia-Ukraine conflict?
2. What was the significance of Standard & Poor’s recent action regarding the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s credit rating, and what factors contributed to this decision?
3. Dr. Mohammed Ayman Sosan discusses the “Malameh As-Siyasah Al-Kharijiyah As-Saudiyah Tijaha Suriyah.” Based on the provided text, what is a key aspect of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy approach towards Syria?
4. What was the record-breaking event hosted by Saudi Arabia in Indonesia during Ramadan, and what was its purpose?
5. Describe the historical and spiritual importance of Al Rawdah Al Sharifa in the Prophet’s Mosque.
6. What is the “King Salman’s Table” event, and what does it reflect about Saudi Arabia’s role in the Islamic world?
7. What are some of the investment opportunities being offered in the holy sites of Makkah, as mentioned by the Kedana company?
8. What is the current trend in the regional markets for olefins, and what are the challenges being faced by suppliers?
9. According to the article, what was the main announcement made by the US regarding digital assets, and what are its potential implications?
10. What were the initial demands of Syrian protestors in 2011, and what has been the significant change in the country as of the writing of this article?

Quiz Answer Key

1. The Crown Prince emphasized the Kingdom’s keenness to facilitate dialogue and reach a political solution to the crisis in Ukraine. This aligns with Saudi Arabia’s broader efforts to promote global peace through discussion.
2. Standard & Poor’s raised the Kingdom’s credit rating to “A+” with a stable outlook for both local and foreign currencies. This upgrade reflects the continuous progress in the Kingdom’s creditworthiness, attributed to the supported non-oil economic growth, market reforms, and diversification efforts in line with Vision 2030.
3. A key aspect of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy towards Syria is its focus on supporting the Syrian people, providing aid, and assisting in rebuilding Syria as a unified, independent, and safe Arab state, free from foreign interference and preserving its territorial integrity.
4. The record-breaking event was the “King Salman’s Table,” the largest Iftar meal in ASEAN countries, held in Indonesia during Ramadan. Its purpose was to reflect the greatness of Islamic solidarity and strengthen the bonds of love between Muslim people.
5. Al Rawdah Al Sharifa is a highly revered area within the Prophet’s Mosque, located between the Prophet’s house and his pulpit. It is considered a garden of Paradise and a place for answered prayers, a center for knowledge, and a starting point for spreading guidance.
6. “King Salman’s Table” was a massive Iftar meal in Java, Indonesia, organized by the Saudi Ministry of Islamic Affairs. It reflects Saudi Arabia’s leading role in serving Muslims, strengthening their unity, and its continued support for Muslims at the heart of Indonesia.
7. Kedana company is offering long-term investment opportunities in the holy sites of Makkah, including developing the squares of Jabal Ar-Rahmah for commercial units and investing in a section of the Jamarat facility to create attractions for pilgrims and residents.
8. The pace of price increases is accelerating in the regional markets for olefins in March, with suppliers seeking larger increases to improve profit margins. However, new supplies are exacerbating the oversupply, creating challenges for buyers to absorb these higher prices.
9. The US President signed an executive order establishing a strategic reserve of Bitcoin and other digital assets. This signifies a formal recognition of the digital assets industry at higher levels of the American government and implies a long-term holding strategy rather than immediate selling by the government.
10. The initial demands of Syrian protestors in 2011 centered on calls for dignity, freedom, and the downfall of the Assad regime. A significant change as of the article’s writing is the reported fall of the Assad regime, following advances by opposition forces into Damascus.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the various roles Saudi Arabia is portraying on the international stage as highlighted in the provided excerpts. Consider its diplomatic efforts in the Ukraine conflict, its economic standing based on credit rating upgrades, and its initiatives within the Islamic world.
2. Discuss the economic diversification efforts of Saudi Arabia as evidenced by the Standard & Poor’s rating upgrade, the investment opportunities in Makkah’s holy sites, and the ambitions in the semiconductor industry. What are the potential long-term impacts of these efforts?
3. Examine the significance of cultural and religious initiatives undertaken by Saudi Arabia, such as the “King Salman’s Table” and the focus on historical mosques. How do these initiatives contribute to the Kingdom’s image and influence, both domestically and internationally?
4. Evaluate the complexities of regional conflicts and international relations as reflected in the discussions about Ukraine, Syria, and the Israeli-Palestinian situation. What role, if any, does Saudi Arabia appear to be playing in these contexts?
5. Analyze the interplay between economic factors (such as oil prices, market trends in olefins, and the establishment of a digital asset reserve) and geopolitical events as discussed in the provided sources. How do these factors influence each other and shape the global landscape?

Glossary of Key Terms

• ولي العهد (Wali al-Ahd): Crown Prince. The designated successor to the throne.
• أزمة أوكرانيا (Azmat Ukraniya): Ukraine Crisis. Refers to the ongoing conflict involving Ukraine and Russia.
• ستاندرد آند بورز (Standard & Poor’s): A leading international credit rating agency that assesses the creditworthiness of countries and corporations.
• التصنيف االئتماني (At-Tasneef al-I’timani): Credit Rating. An assessment of the ability of a borrower to repay their debt obligations.
• رؤية 2030 (Ru’yah 2030): Vision 2030. Saudi Arabia’s ambitious long-term plan for economic and social reform and diversification.
• واس (WAS): مخابرات وكالة الأنباء السعودية (Saudi Press Agency). The official news agency of Saudi Arabia.
• مالمح السياسة الخارجية (Malamih As-Siyasah Al-Kharijiyah): Features of Foreign Policy. The main aspects and principles guiding a country’s interactions with other nations.
• المسجد النبوي (Al-Masjid An-Nabawi): The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, one of the holiest sites in Islam.
• الروضة الشريفة (Ar-Rawdah Ash-Sharifah): The Noble Garden, a specific area within the Prophet’s Mosque with significant religious importance.
• مائدة الملك سلمان (Ma’idat Al-Malik Salman): King Salman’s Table. Often refers to charitable or large-scale meal initiatives undertaken in the name of the King.
• آسيان (ASEAN): The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a political and economic union of states in Southeast Asia.
• المشاعر المقدسة (Al-Masha’er Al-Muqaddasah): The Holy Sites around Makkah associated with the Hajj pilgrimage, such as Mina, Arafat, and Muzdalifah.
• الجمرات (Al-Jamarat): The pillars in Mina that are stoned by pilgrims during Hajj, symbolizing the rejection of evil.
• الأوليفينات (Al-Olefinat): Olefins. A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, important in the petrochemical industry.
• البولي إيثيلين (Al-Buli Ithilin): Polyethylene. A common type of plastic polymer.
• نوتانيكس (Nutanix): A cloud computing company.
• Kubernetes: An open-source container orchestration system for automating application deployment, scaling, and management.
• البيت الأبيض (Al-Bayt Al-Abyad): The White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States.
• البيتكوين (Al-Bitcoin): Bitcoin. A decentralized digital currency, without a central bank or single administrator, that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries.
• العمات الرقمية (Al-‘Umlat Ar-Raqamiyah): Digital Currencies. Currencies that are only available in digital form, not physical coins or banknotes.
• هيئة تحرير الشام (Hay’at Tahrir ash-Sham): Levant Liberation Committee, a Sunni Islamist militant group involved in the Syrian Civil War.
• داعش (Da’esh): An alternative name for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), a militant group.
• حماس (Hamas): A Palestinian Sunni-Islamist fundamentalist organization currently governing the Gaza Strip.
• يونسيف (UNICEF): The United Nations Children’s Fund, an agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.
• الأونصة (Al-Ounsa): Ounce. A unit of weight, often used for precious metals like gold.
• الرئيس ترمب (Ar-Ra’ees Trump): President Trump. Refers to Donald Trump, the former President of the United States.
• أوبك + (OPEC+): A group of oil-producing countries comprising the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and several allied non-OPEC countries.
• نيورو سينما (Neuro-cinema): A field that studies what happens in the brain when watching films and dramatic works.
• اإثراء (Ithra’): اختصار لمركز الملك عبدالعزيز الثقافي العالمي (King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture). A cultural center in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
• MBC: Middle East Broadcasting Center, a pan-Arab media conglomerate.
• صناعة الأدوية (Sina’at Al-Adwiyah): Pharmaceutical Industry. The sector involved in the discovery, development, manufacture, and marketing of pharmaceutical drugs.
• أشباه الموصالت (Ashbah Al-Mawasilat): Semiconductors. Materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor (such as copper) and an insulator (such as glass), crucial for electronic devices.
• الهوية (Al-Hawiyah): Identity. The characteristics that determine who or what a person or thing is.
• التحول (At-Tahawwul): Transformation. A thorough or dramatic change in form or appearance.
• الإستقرار (Al-Istiqlal): Stability. The state of being stable; resistance to change or deterioration.
• ردة فعل (Raddat Fi’l): Reaction. An action performed or a feeling experienced in response to a situation or event.
• موسم الرياض (Mawsim Ar-Riyadh): Riyadh Season. A large entertainment and cultural festival held annually in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• إكسبو 2030 (Expo 2030): The World Expo scheduled to be held in Riyadh in 2030.
• كأس العالم 2034 (Ka’s Al-‘Alam 2034): The FIFA World Cup scheduled to be potentially hosted by Saudi Arabia in 2034.
• النفط (An-Naft): Oil. Petroleum, a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons that is present in certain rock strata and can be extracted and refined to produce fuels including gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil; mineral oil.
• الأمن الصحي (Al-Amn As-Sihi): Health Security. Measures taken to protect public health against diseases and other health risks.
• الاكتفاء الذاتي (Al-Iktifa’ Adh-Dhati): Self-Sufficiency. The ability to fulfill all needs without external assistance.
• الجزائية (Al-Jaza’iyah): Penalty (in sports).
• الفار (Al- الفار): VAR (Video Assistant Referee) in sports.
• اللياقة البدنية (Al-Liyaqah Al-Badaniyah): Physical Fitness.
• التكتيك (At-Taktik): Tactics (in sports or strategy).
• الروح المعنوية (Ar-Ruh Al-Ma’nawiyah): Morale. The confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group at a particular time.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts (March 16, 2025)

Date: October 26, 2023 (Based on the request date) Subject: Review of Key Themes and Information from “Al Riyadh” Newspaper (Issue 20715, March 16, 2025) Source: Excerpts from “20715.pdf” ( جريدة الرياض – العدد 20715 – السنة الثانية والستون – الأحد 16 رمضان 1446هـ 16 مارس 2025م)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the March 16, 2025 issue of the Saudi Arabian newspaper “Al Riyadh”.

Main Themes:

1. Saudi Arabia’s Role in International Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution: A significant portion of the front page highlights the Kingdom’s active engagement in facilitating dialogue and seeking political solutions to international crises, particularly the conflict in Ukraine.
2. Economic Growth and Investment: The newspaper reports on positive economic developments, including an upgrade of Saudi Arabia’s credit rating by Standard & Poor’s, citing the Kingdom’s efforts towards economic diversification and investment attraction.
3. Developments in Saudi Foreign Policy: The excerpts touch upon Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy approach towards Syria, emphasizing support for the Syrian people and a unified, independent, and secure Syria. Additionally, the Crown Prince sent a congratulatory message to the new Canadian Prime Minister.
4. Preservation and Development of Islamic Heritage Sites: The newspaper features articles detailing the historical and spiritual significance of the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, including the Rawdah Al-Sharifah and the Prophet’s Mihrab. There is also news about the development and investment opportunities in historical sites within the Holy Sites (Masha’er).
5. Social and Cultural Initiatives in Saudi Arabia: The excerpts cover various social and cultural events and initiatives, including a large Ramadan iftar organized by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs in Indonesia, the honoring of accomplished students in the Qassim region, and a seminar on the legacy of Prince Mohammed bin Fahd. The “Ithra” center’s cultural programs during Ramadan are also mentioned.
6. Economic and Market Trends: The economic section reports on the accelerating increase in olefin prices, factors influencing the oil market (including geopolitical tensions and potential changes in production), and the gold market breaking the $3,000 barrier. There is also a piece on the potential and capabilities of the Saudi pharmaceutical industry.
7. Developments in Regional Conflicts and Humanitarian Issues: The newspaper covers ongoing conflicts and humanitarian situations in Palestine (Gaza and the West Bank), including reports of displacement, Israeli military operations, and efforts to provide aid. The situation in Syria and Lebanon are also briefly touched upon.
8. Sports News and Developments: The sports section reports on various events, including Yazeed Al-Rajhi’s victory in the Dakar Rally Saudi Arabia 2025, Al Nassr football club’s victory, and Colombian player Jhon Duran’s absence from a match against Brazil. The Saudi Handball Federation’s appointment of a new Spanish coach is also announced.
9. Regulatory and Organizational Changes: The Saudi Olympic and Paralympic Committee is reported to be implementing stricter financial regulations for sports federations.

Most Important Ideas and Facts:

• Saudi Mediation Efforts in Ukraine: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman reiterated to Russian President Putin the Kingdom’s keenness to “facilitate dialogue and reach a political solution to the Ukraine crisis.” The article highlights Saudi Arabia’s leadership in supporting international peace initiatives and its belief that dialogue is the only way to achieve lasting global peace. The Kingdom has hosted discussions between Ukrainian and American officials, reflecting its strong diplomatic influence.
• S&P Credit Rating Upgrade: Standard & Poor’s raised Saudi Arabia’s credit rating to “A+” with a “stable” outlook for both local and foreign currencies. The agency’s report attributed this to the Kingdom’s “continuous progress in the credit rating,” driven by a supportive non-oil economic growth, diversification, and capital market development, which balances the risks of high sovereign foreign debt service and costs, aligning with the goals of Vision 2030.
• Saudi Foreign Policy Towards Syria: Dr. Mohammed Ayman Sosan, the Syrian Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, outlines features of Saudi foreign policy towards Syria, emphasizing the Kingdom’s support for the Syrian people following the fall of the Assad regime. Saudi Arabia has participated in various meetings and conferences regarding Syria, affirming its commitment to a unified, independent, and secure Syria, and supporting a political transition that preserves the rights of all Syrians.
• Significance of the Prophet’s Mosque: Articles detail the spiritual importance of the Rawdah Al-Sharifah, quoted as being “a garden from Paradise” by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The historical evolution of the Prophet’s Mihrab (niche indicating the direction of prayer) is also described, noting the renovations undertaken during the Saudi era.
• Investment Opportunities in Mecca’s Holy Sites: The Kidana company, the development arm of the Royal Commission for Mecca and the Holy Sites, has presented a package of long-term investment opportunities in historical sites within the Masha’er. These include developing the squares of Jabal Al-Rahmah (Mount of Mercy) and parts of the Jamarat facility into commercial units and exhibitions to enrich the experience of pilgrims and residents. The average daily number of visitors to the Masha’er is reported to be 15,000.
• King Salman’s Ramadan Iftar in Indonesia: A massive iftar (breaking of the fast) event organized by the Saudi Ministry of Islamic Affairs in Central Java, Indonesia, set a new record in ASEAN countries, with over 28,000 fasting individuals attending. This reflects the Kingdom’s efforts to strengthen ties and promote solidarity among Muslims.
• Gold Price Surpasses $3,000: The spot price of gold reached an all-time high of $3,004.86 per ounce during the week, driven by investors seeking safe-haven assets amid economic uncertainty and geopolitical tensions.
• Palestine Conflict and Humanitarian Crisis: Reports detail ongoing Israeli military operations in the West Bank and Gaza, resulting in Palestinian casualties, displacement, and damage to infrastructure. International organizations warn of increasing food insecurity and the need for humanitarian assistance.
• Saudi Pharmaceutical Industry Potential: An opinion piece emphasizes the significant potential of the Saudi pharmaceutical industry, highlighting the Kingdom’s growing market, regional leadership, and Vision 2030 goals. It stresses the need for integrated strategies to localize manufacturing, attract investment, and promote research and innovation.
• Stricter Financial Oversight for Saudi Sports Federations: The Saudi Olympic and Paralympic Committee is implementing a strict financial agreement to address potential overspending by sports federations, emphasizing the director’s administrative role and limiting financial authority.

Quotes from Original Sources:

• Crown Prince to Putin on Ukraine: “# ولي العهد لبوتين: المملكة حريصة على تسهيل الحوار والوصول لحل سياسي ألزمة أوكرانيا” (The Crown Prince to Putin: The Kingdom is keen to facilitate dialogue and reach a political solution to the Ukraine crisis.)
• S&P on Saudi Arabia’s Credit Rating: “رفعت وكالة التصنيف الائتماني )S&P( ستاندرد آند بورز تصنيف المملكة الائتماني إلى »A+« مع نظرة مستقبلية »مستقرة«.” (The credit rating agency (S&P) Standard & Poor’s raised the Kingdom’s credit rating to “A+” with a “stable” future outlook.)
• Prophet’s Saying on Rawdah Al-Sharifah: “…قال النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم-: “ما بين بيتي ومنبري روضة من رياض الجنة”” (…the Prophet – peace and blessings be upon him – said: “What is between my house and my pulpit is a garden from the gardens of Paradise.”)
• Kidana on Investment in Holy Sites: “طرحت شركة كدانة، الذراع المطور للهيئة الملكية لمدينة مكة والمشاعر المقدسة، حزمة فرص استثمارية »طويلة الأجل«…” (Kidana Company, the development arm of the Royal Commission for Mecca and the Holy Sites, has presented a package of “long-term” investment opportunities…)
• Article on Modern Media: “لب الإعالم الحديث، وبناء القصة وما وراءها من تجارب هي فحوى الرسائل التي يتجاوز تأثيرها المواد الإعلامية التقليدية…” (The core of modern media, and the construction of the story and the experiences behind it, are the essence of the messages whose impact goes beyond traditional media materials…)
• Gold Market Report: “بلغ الذهب الفوري أعلى مستوى له على الإطلاق عند 3004.86 دوالرات للأوقية” (Spot gold reached its highest level ever at $3004.86 per ounce.)
• Commentary on Saudi Pharmaceutical Industry: “تمتلك بلادنا مقومات تجعلها قادرة على تطوير قطاع الأدوية وتحقيق الاكتفاء الذاتي…” (Our country possesses the components that make it capable of developing the pharmaceutical sector and achieving self-sufficiency…)

Conclusion:

The excerpts from “Al Riyadh” on March 16, 2025, present a snapshot of Saudi Arabia’s multifaceted engagement across international politics, economic development, cultural initiatives, and regional issues. The emphasis on diplomacy, economic growth, and the preservation of Islamic heritage underscores the Kingdom’s key priorities. The reports on regional conflicts and global market trends provide context for Saudi Arabia’s actions and policies. The inclusion of social and sports news offers a broader view of current events within the Kingdom and its interactions with the wider world.

Saudi Arabia: Diplomacy, Economy, Culture, and Markets

FAQ on the Provided Sources

• What was the main diplomatic focus of Saudi Arabia as highlighted in the article? The main diplomatic focus highlighted was Saudi Arabia’s commitment to facilitating dialogue and finding political solutions to international crises, particularly the conflict in Ukraine. The article emphasizes the Crown Prince’s communication with President Putin, reiterating the Kingdom’s keenness on this matter. It also mentions Saudi Arabia’s history of mediation efforts and its hosting of talks between involved parties, reflecting its desire to foster global peace and stability through diplomacy and dialogue among nations with differing political views and backgrounds.
• What positive economic development was reported for Saudi Arabia? The positive economic development reported was the upgrade of Saudi Arabia’s long and short-term sovereign credit ratings in both local and foreign currencies by Standard & Poor’s (S&P) to ‘A+’ with a ‘Stable’ outlook. S&P cited the Kingdom’s continued progress in diversifying its non-oil economy, developing its capital markets, and implementing its Vision 2030 objectives as key factors for this positive assessment. The report indicates that this progress balances the risks associated with higher external financing needs and debt servicing costs, ultimately attracting foreign investment.
• What was the primary subject of Dr. Muhammad Ayman Sawsan’s article? The primary subject of Dr. Muhammad Ayman Sawsan’s article was the features of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy towards Syria. The article discusses the Kingdom’s consistent stance on supporting the Syrian people, its efforts to help them rebuild a unified, independent, and safe Arab state free from foreign interference, and its emphasis on a political transition that preserves the rights of all Syrians. It also highlights Saudi Arabia’s active diplomatic role in various meetings and conferences concerning Syria following the fall of the Assad regime.
• What was the significance of King Salman’s Ramadan iftar in Indonesia? King Salman’s Ramadan iftar in Central Java, Indonesia, was significant as it set a new record for the largest iftar table in ASEAN countries, with over 28,000 fasting people in attendance. Organized by the Saudi Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance, this event reflected the greatness of Islamic solidarity and brotherhood. Beyond just a meal, it was a message of peace and love from Saudi Arabia, reaffirming the Kingdom’s role in serving Muslims and strengthening unity among Islamic nations. This achievement also built upon a previous record set by the ministry in Indonesia in 2024.
• What initiatives were highlighted concerning the development and preservation of historical and cultural sites in Saudi Arabia? Several initiatives were highlighted, including the Prince Faisal bin Mishal’s reception of the Qassim Region Women’s Committee’s report on their developmental work, emphasizing support for productive women and families to achieve sustainable development in line with Vision 2030. Additionally, under the patronage of Prince Abdulaziz bin Fahd bin Mohammed bin Turki Al Saud, the Al-Anoud Foundation held a seminar titled “Prince Mohammed bin Fahd: Achievements and Legacy,” focusing on historical impact. Furthermore, Kadana Development Company offered investment opportunities for historical sites in the Holy Sites of Makkah, aiming to enrich the experience of residents, pilgrims, and Umrah performers by creating commercial outlets and exhibitions that showcase the historical narrative of Makkah. The second phase of a project to renovate and restore 30 historical mosques across 10 regions was also mentioned, aiming to rehabilitate these sites for worship, preserve their architectural authenticity, and highlight the Kingdom’s cultural and religious depth, aligning with Vision 2030’s focus on preserving heritage.
• What was the key concern regarding the market for olefin products in the region? The key concern regarding the market for olefin products in the region was the accelerating pace of price increases in the regional olefin markets. New supplies were exacerbating the oversupply situation, creating challenges for profit margins. While suppliers aimed to improve these margins with significant price hikes, there was uncertainty about whether buyers could absorb these increases. Weak import competitiveness, particularly from the United States due to high shipping costs and stable local prices, was also a major factor influencing the polyethylene market.
• What were some of the main themes discussed at the Nutanix .NEXT On Tour event in Riyadh? The Nutanix .NEXT On Tour event in Riyadh covered several main themes related to advancing digital transformation. These included leveraging modern digital platforms like cloud computing and the shift towards enterprise artificial intelligence, the introduction of the Nutanix Kubernetes Platform for seamless migration to cloud-native applications, hybrid cloud computing as an enabler of digital transformation, and Saudi Arabia’s bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup, including the role of AI in football with a special appearance by Saudi national team coach Hervé Renard. The event also highlighted Nutanix’s significant investments and strategic partnerships in Saudi Arabia, such as opening a new office, increasing employee numbers, becoming a regional headquarters, partnering with the Digital Government Authority, and empowering local talent through training programs.
• What was the significant development concerning gold prices and global stock market value? Gold prices broke the $3,000 per ounce barrier for the first time, driven by investors seeking a safe-haven asset amid economic uncertainty and geopolitical tensions, including the potential for escalating trade wars. Simultaneously, approximately $3 trillion was wiped off the global stock market value in the preceding week, with most of these losses concentrated in the United States. This reflected investor concerns over trade policies, economic slowdown fears, and rising geopolitical risks, leading to increased demand for safe assets like gold and a sell-off in equities.

Ukraine Crisis: Saudi Arabia’s Diplomatic Efforts

Based on the sources, there have been discussions and efforts related to the Ukraine crisis talks.

• Saudi Arabia welcomed Kuwait’s hosting of talks between the United States and Ukraine. In a statement from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Kingdom affirmed its support for and belief in reaching a solution to the crisis in Ukraine through peaceful means. Saudi Arabia also appreciated Kuwait’s efforts to find a political resolution.
• Similarly, Saudi Arabia also welcomed Qatar’s hosting of talks between the United States and Ukraine. The Kingdom’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed hope that these discussions would contribute to reaching a resolution to the crisis in Ukraine. Saudi Arabia also expressed its appreciation for Qatar’s diplomatic efforts aimed at bringing international viewpoints closer, reiterating Qatar’s firm belief that dialogue is the optimal choice for resolving regional and international crises and conflicts. The Ministry further reaffirmed Saudi Arabia’s support for all efforts aimed at establishing peace through cooperation among nations.
• Earlier in the year, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia itself was involved in facilitating discussions related to the Ukraine issue. According to one source, on the sidelines of hosting the US Secretary of State for talks with Russia, then-US President Donald Trump acknowledged the Kingdom as a “special place with special leaders” for holding such discussions. These talks took place in Riyadh.
• Furthermore, the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud had a phone call with the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin. During this call, they reviewed the existing areas of cooperation between the two countries and ways to enhance them. The call also involved a review of the efforts being made to resolve the Ukrainian crisis, and the Crown Prince emphasized the Kingdom’s keenness to exert all good offices to facilitate dialogue and everything that leads to a solution.

Saudi Arabia’s Diplomatic Efforts for Peace and Stability

Based on the sources and our conversation history, Saudi Arabia has been actively involved in diplomacy across several areas, demonstrating its commitment to regional and international peace and stability. Here’s a discussion of Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic efforts:

Efforts to Resolve the Ukraine Crisis:

• As discussed in our previous conversation, Saudi Arabia has shown a keen interest in facilitating a resolution to the Ukraine crisis. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman emphasized the Kingdom’s eagerness to facilitate dialogue and reach a political solution during a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
• President Putin expressed his gratitude to the Kingdom and its leaders for their efforts in settling the Ukrainian crisis, recognizing Saudi Arabia’s important role as a mediator. He also acknowledged the Kingdom’s political and economic standing and its pivotal role on the international stage, highlighting the trust major powers have in Saudi Arabia’s ability to act as a neutral and impartial mediator.
• Furthermore, then-US President Donald Trump, in February of the previous year, acknowledged Saudi Arabia as a “special place with special leaders” for hosting talks between the US and Russia on the sidelines of a visit by the US Secretary of State to the Kingdom.
• Saudi Arabia welcomed Kuwait’s hosting of talks between the United States and Ukraine, affirming its support for a peaceful resolution.
• Similarly, the Kingdom welcomed Qatar’s hosting of talks between the United States and Ukraine, expressing hope for a resolution through these discussions and appreciating Qatar’s diplomatic efforts.

Broader Diplomatic Engagement:

• The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia reiterated the Kingdom’s support for all efforts that contribute to establishing international security and stability and creating favorable conditions for development and prosperity.
• Saudi Arabia welcomed the agreement between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic regarding border demarcation and expressed congratulations to both countries, wishing them continued stability and prosperity.
• The Kingdom has been actively involved in efforts to achieve national consensus among Syrians and has consistently emphasized the importance of preserving Syria’s territorial integrity, national cohesion, and sovereignty, opposing foreign interference. Saudi Arabia has called for political solutions to the Syrian crisis to alleviate the suffering of the Syrian people, many of whom have become refugees or displaced.
• Saudi Arabia welcomed Kuwait’s hosting of talks between the United States and Ukraine, emphasizing its belief in peaceful resolutions for the Ukrainian crisis.
• Similarly, the Kingdom welcomed Qatar’s hosting of talks between the United States and Ukraine, expressing hope for a solution and appreciating Qatar’s diplomatic endeavors.
• Saudi Arabia has stressed the necessity of a political horizon for the Palestinian people and a negotiated solution to the conflict with Israel that meets their legitimate needs and aspirations, promoting comprehensive peace and stability in the Middle East.
• The Kingdom has also expressed its concern over the increasing tensions and hostile actions in the West Bank, urging a reduction in these actions and affirming its readiness to engage with Arab nations to outline proposals for reconstruction and a path towards the future.
• Saudi Arabia welcomed the convening of the Syrian National Dialogue Conference and the agreement between the Syrian government and the leader of the Syrian Democratic Forces, which aims to integrate all civil and military institutions to build a unified Syrian state. The Kingdom has also provided humanitarian aid to the Syrian people through King Salman’s Relief Center.
• The Kingdom welcomed the invitation to the Syrian Foreign Minister, Mr. Asaad Al-Saybani, to participate in meetings of Arab foreign ministers and the resumption of Syria’s membership in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, in which Saudi Arabia played a significant role.

In summary, Saudi Arabia’s diplomacy, as reflected in the sources, is characterized by a proactive approach to conflict resolution, a commitment to peaceful dialogue, and a willingness to support and facilitate international efforts aimed at achieving stability and peace in various regions, including the Ukraine and the Middle East. The Kingdom leverages its political and economic influence to play a constructive role on the global stage.

Saudi Arabia’s Credit Rating Upgraded to A+ by S&P

Based on the sources, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) raised the Kingdom’s credit rating to “A+” with a “stable” future outlook for both local and foreign currencies.

The agency provided reasons for this positive revision in its report:

• The upgrade reflects the Kingdom’s continuous progress in its credit rating and the maintenance of a stable future outlook.
• This progress is attributed to the supported and growing economic sector within Saudi Arabia.
• The diversification of the non-oil local financial market is also a key factor.
• This diversification is seen as balancing the risks associated with high sovereign external debt service and costs.
• The positive rating also reflects the Kingdom’s progress in achieving the targets of its Vision 2030.

In summary, Standard & Poor’s increased Saudi Arabia’s credit rating to A+ with a stable outlook, highlighting the positive developments in the Kingdom’s economy, particularly the growth of the non-oil sector and the efforts towards achieving Vision 2030 goals, which contribute to balancing financial risks.

The Prophet’s Mosque: Key Historical and Sacred Features

Based on the sources, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque) in Medina holds immense religious and historical significance, receiving exceptional care throughout history.

Here are some key aspects discussed in the sources:

• The Prophet’s Chamber (Hujra): The mosque houses the chamber of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), which contains the grave of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), as well as the graves of his two successors, Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them). This sacred area is referred to as the “Noble Enclosure (al-Muwajaha al-Sharifa)“. Angels are said to descend upon this pure spot day and night, invoking blessings upon the Prophet.
• The Noble Enclosure is surrounded by walls and had four doors to Aisha’s chamber: a southern door facing visitors, the western door known as Bab Fatima, Bab Aisha, or Bab al-Wufud, the eastern door towards al-Baqi’, and the northern door called Bab al-Tawba, al-Amin, or al-Tahajjud.
• Within the Noble Enclosure, facing the Noble Rawda, is the Prophet’s window, located between two pillars. This marked the spot where the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to pray and the direction of his bed and the mihrab (niche indicating the direction of prayer). Another window is situated at the end of the eastern wall, near Bab al-Baqi’.
• The sources emphasize the great attention and preservation efforts dedicated to the Noble Enclosure from the time of King Abdulaziz Al Saud to the present reign of King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
• The Prophet’s Minbar (Pulpit): The minbar is a prominent feature of the Prophet’s Mosque and is considered “a piece of Paradise” according to a hadith.
• Initially, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would lean against a palm trunk while delivering sermons. Later, a two-stepped minbar was constructed for him. It is narrated that the original palm trunk yearned for the Prophet when he began using the minbar.
• The minbar was about three and a half cubits high (the trunk) and the seat was two cubits long. During their caliphates, Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them) used the minbar in a manner reflecting their respect for the Prophet’s position.
• The minbar’s construction and appearance evolved over time, with Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) being the first to cover it with al-Qibtiyya cloth. Later, it was made of various materials like wood and marble, and the number of steps sometimes increased.
• The Saudi government has consistently provided care and maintenance for the minbar, including covering it with a transparent sheet and applying gold plating when necessary to preserve it as a testament to the precision of Islamic art.
• The Prophet’s Pillars (Asatin): The original pillars of the Prophet’s Mosque were trunks of palm trees. Several of these pillars were later known by specific names, each with its own historical significance:
• Al-Mukhallaqa (The Perfumed): This pillar marks the spot where the Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed after the direction of the Qibla was changed.
• Aisha: Located near the Prophet’s bed in Aisha’s chamber, where she (may Allah be pleased with her) used to pray.
• Al-Rawda (The Garden): Situated overlooking the Noble Enclosure, it had a window and was a place for the Prophet’s i’tikaf (seclusion) and where his palm-leaf bed was located.
• Al-Hanana (The Yearning): A reminder of the original palm trunk that yearned for the Prophet.
• Al-Surir (The Bed):.
• Al-Muharras (The Guarded): Where Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) would sit to guard the Prophet.
• Al-Wufud (The Delegations): Where the Prophet (peace be upon him) received Arab delegations.
• Al-Tawba (The Repentance) / Abu Lubaba: Named after Abu Lubaba (may Allah be pleased with him), who tied himself to this pillar as a penance until Allah accepted his repentance.
• Khokha of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq: A small door or opening from the house of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) led directly into the mosque. It was notable for being kept open at night when other such openings were closed.
• Mihrab of the Prophet: The niche indicating the direction of prayer used by the Prophet (peace be upon him) is another significant feature.

The sources highlight Al-Masjid an-Nabawi as a place of immense historical and spiritual importance, with specific locations like the Prophet’s Chamber, the Minbar, and the original pillars carrying deep significance and being subjects of continuous care and attention.

Saudi Arabia Economic Investments and Vision 2030

Based on the sources, there are several key areas related to economic investments in Saudi Arabia:

• Stimulating Investment and Economic Diversification: Saudi Arabia is actively working to stimulate investment, which is expected to enhance the growth of the non-oil sector and improve the economy’s resilience in the medium term. This drive to boost investment is a significant part of the Kingdom’s efforts to diversify its non-oil local financial market, aiming to balance the risks associated with external debt. The goal is to achieve the targets of Vision 2030.
• Positive Economic Outlook and Growth Projections: As a result of these efforts, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) anticipates a median real GDP growth of 4% during the period of 2025-2028. This positive projection indicates confidence in the ongoing and future economic investments within the Kingdom.
• Investments in Specific Sectors:
• Technology and Digital Transformation: Events like the “Nutanix” forum highlight the focus on cloud computing and artificial intelligence and how these technologies can empower organizations. Partnerships with global technology leaders are also being showcased. These activities suggest investments are being made and encouraged in the digital and technology sectors.
• Sports and Entertainment: Saudi Arabia’s bid to host the 2034 World Cup would necessitate substantial investments in infrastructure and related industries.
• Pharmaceutical Industry: There is a clear drive to establish pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities and expand production lines within the Kingdom. The government encourages agreements with international companies to localize drug manufacturing technologies. The Public Investment Fund and the Saudi Industrial Development Fund support pharmaceutical projects, providing crucial funding and facilities for factory construction. Furthermore, the presence of advanced research centers like King Abdullah University of Science and Technology contributes to the development of pharmaceutical research.
• Semiconductor Industry: Saudi Arabia has ambitious plans to become a significant player in the semiconductor industry through initiatives like the “Alat” company, backed by the Public Investment Fund. This is seen as a unique opportunity to deepen its economic independence by possessing another source of power alongside oil. The strategy involves partnering with leading global semiconductor companies, building ecosystems focused on suppliers, manufacturers, and research institutions, and developing a skilled workforce. The Kingdom may initially focus on specialized semiconductor markets such as those for military applications or artificial intelligence.
• Financial Stability and Credit Rating: The raising of the Kingdom’s credit rating by S&P to “A+” signifies a positive assessment of its economic management and the potential returns on investments within the country. The stable outlook further reinforces the confidence in the Kingdom’s economic trajectory.

In summary, the sources indicate that Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing economic investments across diverse sectors, including technology, sports, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors, as part of its Vision 2030 goals. These investments are aimed at economic diversification, boosting non-oil sector growth, and enhancing the Kingdom’s global economic standing, which is reflected in positive ratings from agencies like Standard & Poor’s.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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Al Riyadh Newspaper Issue 20714 from March 14-15, 2025, covers a variety of topics, with a significant focus on developments and expansions of holy sites, including the Prophet’s Mosque and the Grand Mosque in Mecca, alongside services for pilgrims. The issue also includes regional news such as tourism in Jazan and Rafha, and municipal services in Medina. Furthermore, it contains articles on Saudi Arabia’s global role in water sustainability and international news regarding US economic policies under a potential Trump return and European financial stability. Other sections feature cultural discussions on Arabic calligraphy, Ramadan traditions, and the symbolism of the right hand, alongside sports news detailing Asian Champions League matches and player values, and health advice for kidney patients during Ramadan.

Study Guide: Analysis of “20714.pdf” Excerpts

Overview: This study guide is designed to help you review the provided excerpts from the Arabic newspaper “Al Riyadh,” Issue No. 20714, dated March 14-15, 2025 (14-15 Ramadan 1446H). The articles cover a range of topics, with a significant focus on developments and initiatives related to the Two Holy Mosques (Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina), water sustainability in Saudi Arabia, economic trends, cultural events, health, and sports.

Key Themes:

• Development of the Two Holy Mosques: Expansion projects, enhanced services for pilgrims and visitors, and the architectural significance of Masjid al-Nabawi.
• Saudi Vision 2030: The role of the vision in driving sustainable development, particularly in water management and enhancing the experience of pilgrims.
• Water Sustainability in Saudi Arabia: Efforts to address water scarcity through desalination, efficient irrigation, and integrated water resource management.
• Economic Trends: Discussions on potential global economic impacts of trade policies.
• Cultural and Social Topics: Exploration of Arabic calligraphy, charitable work, the significance of contemplation, the interplay between language and perception, and the cultural symbolism of the right and left hand.
• Health and Well-being: Articles on safe fasting for kidney patients, involuntary urination, and the importance of walking during Ramadan.
• Sports: Coverage of the AFC Champions League Elite and the market value of football players in the Roshn Saudi League.
• Regional and International Issues: Reports on the return of residents to Palmyra, the AlUla development project, and the debate surrounding evolution in education.

Quiz:

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each, based on the provided excerpts.

1. What are some of the key efforts undertaken by the General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques to serve visitors to Masjid al-Nabawi, especially during Ramadan?
2. According to the article, what is a major step Saudi Arabia has taken to reduce its reliance on groundwater resources in the face of water scarcity?
3. What is the significance of the King Salman Project for the expansion of Masjid Quba, and how does its capacity compare to its historical size?
4. According to the excerpts, what are some potential negative consequences of the trade policies discussed in the international economic section?
5. What is the “Ehsaan” platform mentioned in the excerpts, and what does it aim to promote in line with Vision 2030?
6. In the article about language, what is the concept of “linguistic relativity” (the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis), and how is it explained with the example of color perception?
7. What are some of the health benefits of walking mentioned in the article “Walking in Ramadan… Sport and Health”?
8. According to the historical account, what were some of the initial features and building materials of the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina?
9. What are the objectives of the development projects in AlUla, beyond simply hosting concerts by famous singers?
10. What was the central argument of the student’s speech titled “Is Your Grandmother a Gorilla?” in the context of the debate about evolution in his school?

Answer Key:

1. The General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques is enhancing services by preparing the Haram’s courtyards, organizing visitor flow, providing Zamzam water with utmost care, ensuring cleanliness, and securing facilities like restrooms. These efforts aim to ensure the comfort and convenience of the increasing number of visitors, especially during the holy month of Ramadan.
2. A major step Saudi Arabia has taken is investing in seawater desalination technology. This has made the Kingdom one of the largest producers of desalinated water globally, significantly reducing its dependence on over-extracted groundwater resources.
3. The King Salman Project for the expansion of Masjid Quba aims to increase the mosque’s total area to 50,000 square meters and its capacity to 66,000 worshippers, making it the largest expansion in the mosque’s history since its establishment. This project reflects the ongoing development of religious sites in Medina.
4. Potential negative consequences of the discussed trade policies include increased trade tensions, the imposition of retaliatory tariffs by other countries, and a rise in uncertainty that could slow down global economic growth. These policies may also increase inflation risks and hinder the recovery of major economies.
5. The “Ehsaan” platform is a national platform for charitable work in Saudi Arabia. It aims to strengthen the culture of giving, enhance the role of the non-profit sector, and increase its sustainability and impact, aligning with the goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.
6. Linguistic relativity suggests that the structure of a language influences the way its speakers perceive and conceptualize the world. The example of color perception illustrates this by noting that some languages have a single word for green and blue, potentially affecting how distinctly speakers of those languages observe these colors compared to languages with separate terms.
7. The article mentions that walking during Ramadan can help with weight loss, especially the reduction of stubborn fat around the abdomen, and can also lower the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Additionally, it is suggested to improve mental health and mood.
8. Initially, the Prophet’s Mosque was a simple structure with walls made of unbaked bricks, columns from palm trunks, and a roof of palm fronds. It had three doors and a shaded area called “al-Suffah” for the poor and strangers; the floor was initially unpaved.
9. The objectives of the AlUla development projects extend beyond hosting concerts to include the protection of heritage, the enhancement of the environment, and the revitalization of AlUla’s history. The aim is for the area to speak for itself and share its historical significance with the world.
10. The student’s speech, “Is Your Grandmother a Gorilla?”, aimed to challenge the theory of evolution presented in his school by questioning the absence of intermediate stages in human-ape evolution, the weight difference between human and gorilla brains, the chromosome count, and highlighting perceived scientific gaps in Darwin’s theory, concluding with a belief in the creation of humanity from Adam and Eve.

Essay Format Questions:

1. Analyze the ways in which the Saudi Vision 2030 is reflected in the development projects and initiatives discussed in the provided excerpts related to the Two Holy Mosques and water sustainability.
2. Discuss the potential short-term and long-term impacts of the trade policies mentioned in the excerpts on the global economy and international relations.
3. Evaluate the significance of cultural heritage and identity as presented in the articles on Arabic calligraphy, the AlUla project, and the historical accounts of the holy sites.
4. Compare and contrast the approaches to charitable work and social responsibility highlighted in the excerpts, considering the role of government initiatives and individual actions.
5. Based on the diverse topics covered in the excerpts, what insights can be gained about the priorities and developments in Saudi Arabia as reflected in this edition of “Al Riyadh”?

Glossary of Key Terms:

• Masjid al-Haram: The Sacred Mosque in Mecca, the holiest site in Islam, containing the Kaaba.
• Masjid al-Nabawi: The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, the second holiest site in Islam, the final resting place of the Prophet Muhammad.
• Saudi Vision 2030: A comprehensive plan launched by Saudi Arabia to diversify its economy, develop public service sectors, and position the Kingdom as a global hub.
• Desalination: The process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater to make it suitable for drinking and irrigation.
• AFC Champions League Elite: A premier club football competition in Asia organized by the Asian Football Confederation.
• Roshn Saudi League: The top professional football league in Saudi Arabia.
• Ehsaan Platform: A Saudi national platform for charitable work, facilitating donations and supporting various non-profit initiatives.
• Linguistic Relativity (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis): The idea that the structure of a language influences the ways in which its speakers conceptualize or reason about the world.
• Palmyra: An ancient Semitic city in present-day Syria, known for its historical and architectural significance, which has faced destruction by extremist groups.
• AlUla: A governorate in northwestern Saudi Arabia with significant historical and archaeological sites, currently undergoing major development for tourism and cultural preservation.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “alriyadh.com” Articles (March 14-15, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the “alriyadh.com” newspaper published on March 14-15, 2025. The articles cover a range of topics, with a significant focus on developments and services related to the Two Holy Mosques (Al-Haramain Al-Sharifain) in Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia’s water sustainability initiatives, the global economic outlook under a potential second Trump administration, and various cultural and social topics.

I. Focus on the Two Holy Mosques and Pilgrim Services:

A significant portion of the articles details the extensive efforts undertaken by the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques to serve pilgrims and visitors, particularly during the month of Ramadan in 2025. These efforts are aligned with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.

• Expansion and Infrastructure Development of the Prophet’s Mosque (Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi): The articles highlight the ongoing massive expansion project of the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina.
• The project’s second and third phases on the eastern and western sides aim to accommodate approximately 1.8 million worshippers.
• This includes the addition of 10 new minarets, a 100,000 square meter expansion on the eastern side, and the installation of modern engineered movable and fixed glass domes.
• Escalators will be installed, and facilities for the elderly and those with special needs will be enhanced.
• The northern, western, and eastern courtyards will also be expanded, ultimately surrounding the mosque from all four sides.
• The first phase of the eastern expansion is reported to be around 40% complete.
• The expansion includes 1.2 million square meters of roofed construction and courtyards accommodating 600,000 worshippers, with new gate complexes.
• The project is part of the broader “Architecture of the Two Holy Mosques” initiatives to ease the experience for pilgrims.
• The project aligns with the “sustainability” concept.
• Services and Facilities for Pilgrims: The General Presidency is implementing comprehensive plans to facilitate worship and enhance the experience of visitors.
• This includes intensified cleaning and disinfection efforts, with the Prophet’s Mosque being cleaned 5 times and perfumed 4 times daily.
• 18,000 Zamzam water containers are being prepared and refilled continuously.
• Over 227,000 iftar meals are being distributed daily within the mosque and its courtyards.
• 30,000 chairs are provided for the elderly, along with 300 wheelchairs and 25 electric elevators.
• Hygiene is a priority, with 2,782 restrooms being electrically prepared.
• 114 electronic screens display content 24/7.
• 27,000 carpets are being washed daily, and the mosque is perfumed 5 times daily.
• New comprehensive service centers are ready in the western courtyards, along with a children’s hospitality center.
• The Prophet’s Mosque as an Architectural Masterpiece: The articles emphasize the mosque’s significance as a central and architecturally stunning landmark in Medina. “وقد اأ�سبح حتفة معمارية تربز يف قلب املدينة املنورة ت�سر وت�سعد زواره وقا�سديه” (It has become an architectural masterpiece that stands out in the heart of Medina, pleasing and delighting its visitors and worshippers).
• Shading Umbrellas: The installation of 250 movable umbrellas in the Prophet’s Mosque courtyards is highlighted as a major project to provide comfort and protection from the sun and rain.
• These umbrellas are technologically advanced, made with high-quality, weather-resistant materials, and feature integrated mist fans and lighting.
• Each umbrella consists of two interlocking parts, reaching a height of about 22 meters when open, with dimensions of 25.5 x 25.5 meters.
• They operate automatically with sunrise and sunset and can accommodate over 900 worshippers under each umbrella.
• Organizational Plans for Ramadan: Detailed organizational plans are in place to manage the flow of pilgrims and prevent overcrowding.
• This includes managing entry and exit through main and secondary gates, ensuring clear pathways, and preparing designated routes for visitors, including those with disabilities and the elderly.
• Special arrangements are made for visiting the Rawdah Al-Sharifah (the area between the Prophet’s grave and the pulpit).
• Monitors are stationed throughout the mosque to ensure smooth movement within prayer areas, courtyards, and the roof.
• Technology plays a role, with a service called “Occupancy Status of Prayer Areas in the Prophet’s Mosque” providing real-time information in Arabic, English, and Urdu about the capacity of different prayer locations via a dedicated link.
• Historical Significance of the Prophet’s Mosque: One article traces the history of the Prophet’s Mosque from its humble beginnings as a date-drying ground in the early days of Islam to the various expansions undertaken by Caliphs and Sultans throughout history, culminating in the significant expansions during the Saudi era. “القصة الأولى بدأت مع مقدم النبي الشريف محمد -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إلى المدينة المنورة، فقد كانت أرض المسجد مكانا لتجفيف التمر من قبل غلامين يتيمين، هما “سهل وسهيل”” (The first story began with the arrival of the noble Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to Medina, for the land of the mosque was a place for drying dates by two orphaned boys, Sahl and Suhail).

II. Saudi Arabia’s Leadership in Water Sustainability:

Several articles focus on Saudi Arabia’s significant advancements in water resource management, positioning it as a global leader in the field.

• Vision 2030 and Sustainable Water Management: The Kingdom’s Vision 2030 places sustainable water resource management as a central pillar.
• This involves developing partnerships, encouraging investment in infrastructure, and implementing effective policies between the public and private sectors.
• Saudi Arabia, being one of the world’s most arid countries, has invested heavily in innovative solutions to address water scarcity.
• Investment in Desalination: The Kingdom has become one of the largest producers of desalinated water globally, significantly reducing its reliance on groundwater. “السعودية أصبحت اليوم واحدة من أكبر الدول المنتجة للمياه المحلاة في العالم، وقد ساهمت هذه التقنية في تقليل الاعتماد على المياه الجوفية” (Saudi Arabia has become today one of the largest producers of desalinated water in the world, and this technology has contributed to reducing dependence on groundwater).
• Integrated Approach: Saudi Arabia has adopted a comprehensive approach to water management, integrating it with other vital sectors like agriculture and energy.
• Global Recognition: The UN’s Committee on Water Resources has recognized Saudi Arabia as a leading country in achieving integrated water management مؤشر.
• Economic Impact: Economic studies support this direction, noting that water scarcity could lead to a significant decline in GDP in some low-income countries by 2050.
• Call for Global Policy Reform: Experts like Johan Rockström emphasize the need for a global reshaping of water policies to integrate water into economic development plans more effectively, focusing on improving water use efficiency in agriculture, protecting biodiversity, adopting circular economy models for water, and ensuring access to safe water for all children by 2030.

III. Global Economic Outlook Under a Potential Second Trump Administration:

One article analyzes the potential global economic repercussions of a second term for Donald Trump as President of the United States, highlighting his past protectionist trade policies.

• Revival of Protectionist Trade Policies: Trump’s potential return to the presidency raises concerns about the re-implementation of trade policies characterized by protectionism and unilateralism. “منذ عودته إلى المشهد السياسي كرئيس للولايات المتحدة في يناير 2025م؛ أثار دونالد ترمب جدلا واسعا بسياساته الاقتصادية والتجارية التي اتسمت بالطابع الحمائي والنـزاعي، الأمر الذي يعيد إلى الأذهان نهجه خلال ولايته الأولى (2017-2021م)” (Since his return to the political scene as President of the United States in January 2025; Donald Trump has stirred widespread controversy with his economic and trade policies characterized by protectionism and conflict, which brings back to mind his approach during his first term (2017-2021)).
• Trade Wars and Tariffs: His previous administration saw the imposition of tariffs on Chinese imports, European cars and steel/aluminum, and goods from Mexico and Canada, leading to retaliatory measures and trade tensions.
• Impact on Global Economy: The article cites a report from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) suggesting that Trump’s trade policies increase uncertainty and threaten to slow global economic growth, potentially impacting global supply chains, increasing inflation risks, and hindering the recovery of major economies post-COVID-19.
• Financial Market Volatility: Trump’s trade policies have caused fluctuations in financial markets due to policy uncertainty and unexpected actions.
• Impact on European Economies (Germany, France, Italy):Germany: Faces a slowdown in manufacturing and exports, exacerbated by trade tensions with China and the US. The German automotive sector, heavily reliant on exports to the US, is particularly vulnerable.
• France and Italy: Already grappling with high levels of sovereign debt and fiscal deficits, these countries could see their financial situations worsen under increased trade tensions. Potential support for affected companies could further strain public finances or lead to job losses and social unrest.
• Comparison to Greek Debt Crisis: Concerns are raised about a potential sovereign debt crisis in Europe, possibly affecting major economies like Italy and France, which could destabilize the Eurozone and trigger a global financial crisis similar to 2008.
• Ongoing Trade War with China: The trade conflict between Washington and Beijing continues, with both countries imposing new tariffs, leading investors to seek alternative markets and causing a slowdown in some Chinese industries.

IV. Other Notable Themes and Ideas:

• “Ihsan” Platform for Charitable Work: The National Campaign for Charitable Work, now in its fifth edition, utilizes the “Ihsan” platform, reflecting the Kingdom’s Vision 2030’s aim to enhance the role and sustainability of the non-profit sector. The campaign has garnered significant public engagement and raised over 863 million riyals for charitable and developmental projects. “»إحسان« منصة ترسخ ثقافة العطاء رؤية 2030 عززت دور القطاع غير الربحي” (“Ihsan” platform anchors the culture of giving, Vision 2030 has strengthened the role of the non-profit sector).
• Rural Tourism in Rafha: The rural farms west of Rafha are becoming increasingly popular tourist destinations, aligning with Vision 2030’s goal of promoting rural tourism and providing recreational opportunities. These farms offer a tranquil escape and support the local economy by enabling producers to market their products.
• Walking in Ramadan: The benefits of walking as a form of exercise during Ramadan are highlighted, including weight loss, reduced risk of chronic diseases, and improved mental well-being. Municipalities are developing walking tracks and promoting this activity as a healthy lifestyle choice in line with Vision 2030.
• Arabic Calligraphy as an Islamic Art: Arabic calligraphy is celebrated as a beautiful and meaningful Islamic art form that embodies Arab culture and identity.
• Jazan Honey Festival: The tenth edition of the Assal Al-Asir Honey Festival in Jazan showcases the diversity and quality of local honey, with over 60 beekeepers participating and featuring more than 15 types of honey.
• Revival of AlUla as a Research Hub: AlUla is being revitalized as a major cultural and historical destination, with Vision 2030 establishing a significant body to revive the area. It aims to become a hub for researchers, exploring its deep history and heritage, much beyond just hosting musical events. “هيئة أنشأت رؤية 2030 كبرى بالُعلا لإحياء هذا المكان واستصراخه في وجه الزمن” (Vision 2030 established a major body in AlUla to revive this place and bring it back to life in the face of time).
• The Meaning of Contemplation: An article reflects on the importance of contemplation as a tool for intellectual control and gaining deeper understanding.
• Relativity and Quantum Physics in Language: An article explores the conceptual intersections between relativity and quantum physics and their manifestations in language, particularly in semantics and computational linguistics.
• The Nuwas in Classical Arabic Literature: An article examines the presence and portrayal of the Nuwas (the early morning hours before dawn in Ramadan) in important books of rhetoric and criticism in classical Arabic literature.
• The Preference for the Right Hand: An article delves into the anthropological and cultural significance of the preference for the right hand over the left in various societies, discussing whether it’s primarily a biological or cultural phenomenon.
• The Story of Tel Aziz Misr (Joseph’s Hill in Egypt): An article highlights the historical and symbolic importance of Tel Aziz Misr, associated with the story of Prophet Joseph (peace be upon him).
• The Connection Between Writing and Human Experience: An article reflects on the intimate connection between handwriting with a pen and human emotions, physical sensations, and the creation of artful expression.
• The “Asilah Season” in Morocco: An article celebrates the “Asilah Season,” a cultural forum founded by the late Mohammed Ben Aissa, highlighting its role in promoting dialogue between cultures and showcasing Moroccan heritage.
• A Student’s Perspective on Evolution: An article recounts a student’s challenge to the theory of evolution in a Japanese speech contest.
• Health and Medical Advice: The newspaper includes a medical section addressing topics like kidney failure during fasting, involuntary urination, and issues related to the testicles.
• Saudi Professional League Football: Articles cover the Roshn Saudi League, highlighting the most valuable midfielders and the results of the AFC Champions League, where Al-Nassr and Al-Ahli have qualified for the knockout stages, with final rounds to be held in Jeddah.

V. Conclusion:

These excerpts from “alriyadh.com” provide a snapshot of Saudi Arabia in March 2025, emphasizing the nation’s commitment to serving pilgrims and developing its holy sites, its proactive approach to tackling water scarcity through innovation and strategic planning, and its awareness of global economic trends and potential challenges. The diverse range of other articles reflects a vibrant cultural landscape and engagement with various social and intellectual topics. The strong alignment of many initiatives with the goals of Vision 2030 is a recurring theme throughout the publication.

Saudi Arabia: Developments in Religion, Resources, and Society

FAQ about the Provided Sources

Q1: What is the primary focus of the Al-Riyadh newspaper excerpts provided? A1: The primary focus of these excerpts is on developments and events in Saudi Arabia, particularly concerning the two Holy Mosques (Al-Haramain Al-Sharifain) in Mecca and Medina, water sustainability initiatives aligned with Vision 2030, and cultural and social topics such as Arabic calligraphy, charitable work, and the significance of the right hand in culture. There are also international news items, including economic policies of Donald Trump and the situation in Palmyra, Syria.

Q2: What efforts are being made to enhance the experience of pilgrims and visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina? A2: Significant efforts are underway to enhance the experience of pilgrims and visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque. These include expanding the mosque’s capacity to accommodate up to 1.8 million worshippers, developing surrounding infrastructure and services, improving accessibility for the elderly and those with special needs (e.g., electric escalators, wheelchairs), increasing cleaning and maintenance efforts (e.g., washing carpets, sanitizing water), providing amenities like Zamzam water and electronic information screens, and implementing crowd management strategies. The installation of large retractable umbrellas in the mosque’s courtyards to provide shade and cooling is a notable feature.

Q3: How is Saudi Arabia addressing the challenge of water scarcity? A3: Saudi Arabia is tackling water scarcity through a comprehensive approach aligned with Vision 2030. This includes investing heavily in seawater desalination, making the Kingdom one of the world’s largest producers of desalinated water. Efforts are also focused on improving irrigation systems in agriculture, developing sustainable water management policies, fostering partnerships between the public and private sectors, and investing in efficient water infrastructure. This reflects a shift towards considering water as a strategic element for economic and social development.

Q4: What is the significance of “Ihsan” mentioned in the excerpts? A4: “Ihsan” is a national platform for charitable work in Saudi Arabia. The fifth edition of the National Campaign for Charitable Work was launched on this platform, receiving significant public engagement and donations. This initiative underscores the growing culture of giving in Saudi Arabia and aligns with Vision 2030’s aim to strengthen the role and impact of the non-profit sector, making it more sustainable and effective.

Q5: What is the historical significance of the Prophet’s Mosque, as described in the excerpts? A5: The Prophet’s Mosque holds immense religious significance for Muslims as the second holiest site in Islam. It was established by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in Medina and served as a center for worship, education, and community gathering. Throughout history, the mosque has undergone numerous expansions and renovations by various caliphs and rulers, reflecting its enduring importance. The excerpts detail some of these historical expansions, highlighting the continuous care and attention it has received over the centuries.

Q6: What cultural and social insights are provided in the excerpts, beyond religious and infrastructure developments? A6: Beyond the focus on the Holy Mosques and water initiatives, the excerpts offer glimpses into Saudi Arabian culture and society. This includes an appreciation for Arabic calligraphy as an Islamic art form representing Arab identity, the increasing focus on charitable work through platforms like “Ihsan,” the growing popularity of walking as a sport and health activity supported by urban planning, and even a discussion on the cultural significance and potential decline of the preference for the right hand.

Q7: What international news and perspectives are present in the provided excerpts? A7: The excerpts include international news items such as the potential impact of Donald Trump’s trade policies on the global economy, particularly concerning trade tensions with China and economic slowdown in Europe. There is also a report on the return of residents to Palmyra, Syria, following the control of ISIS and the challenges of restoring the ancient city. Additionally, the selection of Saudi Arabia by a UN committee for its integrated water resources management highlights international recognition of the Kingdom’s efforts.

Q8: How do the various topics in the excerpts connect with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030? A8: Many of the themes in the excerpts are directly linked to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. The massive expansions and service improvements at the Holy Mosques aim to cater to the increasing number of pilgrims, a key goal of the Vision. The focus on sustainable water management directly supports the Vision’s objectives for environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. The promotion of the non-profit sector through “Ihsan” aligns with the Vision’s goals for social development and increased civic engagement. Even the emphasis on improving quality of life through initiatives like walking paths in urban areas reflects the broader aims of Vision 2030 for a vibrant and healthy society.

Al-Masjid al-Nabawi: Services and Significance

Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, also known as the Prophet’s Mosque, holds a deeply significant religious position in the hearts of all Muslims and is located in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. It is considered the second holiest site in Islam, following Al-Masjid al-Haram in Makkah.

The General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques intensifies its efforts to serve the visitors and ensure their comfort in Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, particularly during Ramadan. These efforts include providing all necessary facilities for visitors and worshippers. The authority focuses on ensuring the comfort of the increasing number of visitors and worshippers throughout the days of the month.

Key aspects of the services provided and the mosque itself include:

• Preparation and Facilitation: The authority works to prepare Al-Masjid al-Nabawi to accommodate the large number of visitors and worshippers. This includes opening the mosque’s roof to handle the large crowds. Organizational plans are in place to manage the movement of people within the courtyards, and places of worship are prepared to meet everyone’s needs.
• Cleanliness and Maintenance: The authority pays utmost attention to the cleanliness of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi and the provision of Zamzam water. This includes ensuring the hygiene and maintenance of facilities such as restrooms. The mosque is cleaned and disinfected five times daily and perfumed four times daily. There is also the maintenance of 2,782 restrooms, 180 electric escalators, and 25 electric elevators serving visitors.
• Visitor Support: The authority provides 30,000 chairs for the elderly and 300 wheelchairs. Crowd management involves organizing entry and exit through main and secondary gates, preventing congestion, and ensuring passageways are clear. Designated paths are prepared for visitors, people with disabilities, and the elderly, and visits to the Rawdah Al-Sharifah are organized.
• Technological Assistance: Technology plays a role in supporting these tasks, including the “occupancy status of prayer areas in Al-Masjid al-Nabawi” service. This modern technology, available in Arabic, English, and Urdu, allows visitors to know the capacity of prayer areas in all parts of the mosque before arriving. It provides real-time information about the capacity in 12 locations inside the mosque, its courtyards, eastern, western, and northern expansions, the new western courtyards, and the roof, indicated by four color-coded statuses. This contributes to the smooth flow of worshippers entering and exiting various areas of the mosque.
• Comprehensive Services: Beyond the specifics, the General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques offers a wide array of diverse services to guarantee the comfort of visitors and worshippers. These include the direct operation and supervision of lighting, air conditioning, ventilation, sound systems, and maintenance. They also provide carts for the elderly and those with disabilities, care for the carpets, and promote voluntary and enrichment services.
• Historical and Religious Significance: Built by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) after his migration (Hijrah), Al-Masjid al-Nabawi became a center for guiding the early Muslim community, teaching them, and exchanging knowledge. Muslims would gather there for prayer and learning. A significant hadith states that a prayer in the Prophet’s Mosque is better than a thousand prayers in any other mosque except Al-Masjid al-Haram in Makkah.
• Architectural Evolution: Al-Masjid al-Nabawi has undergone numerous expansions throughout history, from the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, through the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman periods, culminating in the largest expansions during the Saudi state. Notably, it was the first place in the Arabian Peninsula to use electric lights, in 1327 AH, and is considered the second mosque built by the Prophet (peace be upon him). The mosque continues to be the recipient of care and attention.
• Aim for Excellence: The efforts of the General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques reflect a dedication to providing an exceptional experience for visitors with high quality and distinction. This underscores the commitment to serving the guests of God in the most sacred places on earth.

In essence, Al-Masjid al-Nabawi is not only a historically and religiously significant site but also a modern facility managed with meticulous care to ensure the comfort, safety, and spiritual fulfillment of its numerous visitors and worshippers. Its architectural beauty is matched by the comprehensive services provided by the General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques, utilizing both human effort and modern technology.

Al-Masjid al-Nabawi Expansions: Management and Utilization

The discussion of the Haramain Expansion, drawing on the sources and our previous conversation, primarily relates to the ongoing development and management of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque) in Medina, as the provided sources do not offer specific details about expansions of Al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca in this instance.

Our previous conversation highlighted that Al-Masjid al-Nabawi has undergone numerous expansions throughout history, evolving architecturally from the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through various caliphates and into the modern Saudi state [see previous response, citing]. The current efforts and services provided by the General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques are integral to managing the capacity and comfort of the ever-increasing number of visitors and worshippers in these expanded areas.

The new source provides further insight into how these expansions are being utilized and managed:

• The General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques intensifies its efforts to serve the growing number of visitors, especially during peak times like Ramadan. This includes preparing Al-Masjid al-Nabawi to accommodate large crowds, even opening the mosque’s roof for prayer. This can be seen as maximizing the use of existing and expanded spaces.
• Organizational plans are in place to manage the flow of people within the courtyards, and worship areas are prepared to meet the needs of all visitors. This highlights the importance of efficient utilization of the expanded areas to ensure a smooth experience for worshippers.
• Source explicitly mentions the “eastern, western, and northern expansions” of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, as well as the new western courtyards, all of which are used for prayer. This confirms that significant expansions have occurred and are integral parts of the mosque’s current capacity. The roof is also utilized as a prayer area.
• The comprehensive services provided by the authority, such as the provision of wheelchairs, the maintenance of a large number of restrooms and escalators, and the use of technology like the “occupancy status of prayer areas” service, are all crucial for supporting the large number of people within the expanded mosque. This technology allows visitors to find less crowded areas within the various expansions before arriving.
• Historically, as mentioned in source, the expansions during the time of Caliphs Umar bin Al-Khattab and Uthman bin Affan were driven by the increasing number of worshippers. These expansions involved purchasing adjacent land and adding to the mosque’s structure in various directions. This historical context underscores that expansion has always been linked to the need to accommodate more people.

In summary, while the sources don’t detail specific new expansion projects in this instance, they illustrate the ongoing management and utilization of the historically expanded areas of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi to serve the continuous influx of visitors. The efforts of the General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques, supported by organizational strategies and modern technology, are essential for ensuring the comfort and facilitating the worship of millions in these expanded spaces. The term “Haramain Expansion” in the context of these sources primarily refers to the management and effective use of the already expanded facilities of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi.

Kingdom Vision 2030: Goals and Initiatives

Drawing on the provided sources and our conversation history, Vision 2030 is a comprehensive and ambitious plan for the Kingdom with several key pillars and objectives that are reflected in various projects and initiatives discussed in the text.

One of the fundamental pillars of Vision 2030 is the sustainable management of water resources. The sources highlight that the Kingdom’s recognized achievement in integrated water resources management by UN-Water directly reflects the importance placed on this area within the vision. This involves developing strategic partnerships and encouraging investments in effective water management policies and infrastructure. The aim is to achieve water security and support sustainable development in a country facing significant water challenges.

Vision 2030 also places a strong emphasis on enhancing the services and facilities provided at the Two Holy Mosques. The ongoing expansion of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque) in Medina, which we discussed previously, is explicitly stated in multiple sources to be in line with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. This expansion aims to provide distinguished and high-quality services to the increasing number of pilgrims, Umrah performers, and visitors. The King Salman project for the expansion of the Prophet’s Mosque is specifically mentioned as operating under the umbrella of this vision. The goal is to facilitate their worship and overall experience in the holy city.

Furthermore, Vision 2030 seeks to promote tourism across different regions of the Kingdom. The increasing popularity of rural farms in the Rafha governorate as tourist destinations is presented as an example of developments that are in line with the vision’s objectives for promoting rural tourism.

The vision also aims to improve the quality of life for residents. Initiatives such as the development and maintenance of walking tracks in Qassim and Riyadh and the preparation of numerous public parks in Makkah are mentioned as efforts aligning with Vision 2030’s goal of enhancing the well-being of citizens.

Empowering the non-profit sector is another objective of Vision 2030. The success of the National Campaign for Charitable Work and the “Ehsan” platform is directly linked to the vision’s aim to enhance the role of the non-profit sector, making it more sustainable and impactful in its contributions to society.

Finally, Vision 2030 demonstrates a commitment to preserving the Kingdom’s rich heritage and culture. The establishment of an authority dedicated to the revitalization of AlUla is cited as a major initiative driven by the vision, with the goal of protecting the historical and cultural heritage of the region and enhancing its environment.

In summary, Vision 2030 is a wide-ranging plan that touches upon various aspects of the Kingdom’s development. The sources provided illustrate how this vision is guiding initiatives related to water sustainability, the enhancement of services at the holy mosques (particularly Al-Masjid al-Nabawi), the promotion of tourism, improving quality of life, empowering the non-profit sector, and preserving cultural heritage. Our previous discussions about the Haramain Expansion are directly situated within the framework of this ambitious national vision.

Artificial Intelligence: Growth, Integration, and Impact

Based on the provided source, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is presented as a rapidly growing field with significant impact across various aspects of technology and the digital landscape.

Here’s a breakdown of the key points discussed in the source regarding AI:

• Market Growth: The global market size for AI-powered computer devices jumped to $51 billion in 2024. It is projected to continue its growth, reaching $64 billion in 2025. The sector is expected to experience an annual growth rate of 34.4% from 2025 until the end of the current decade. This indicates a strong and sustained expansion of AI technologies in the computer market.
• AI in Content Creation: AI is playing a crucial role in transforming the creation of realistic content and experiences. This includes:
• Generating more immersive gaming and virtual reality experiences.
• Creating more intelligent characters and gameplay.
• Providing automated tools for editing photos, videos, and audio, including enhancements and content suggestions.
• Analyzing content independently to identify desired and undesired elements, simplifying workflows for professionals and creators.
• Advancements in Processing Units: The source emphasizes the critical role of processing units in driving the growth of AI.
• Central Processing Units (CPUs), particularly those from Intel and AMD such as the Intel Core Ultra series (launched in January 2025) and AMD Ryzen and Alder Lake series, are incorporating features to accelerate AI capabilities. For example, the Intel Core Ultra series offers up to 12 performance cores and 16 efficiency cores.
• Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), especially those from NVIDIA, are considered ideal for the massive amounts of calculations involved in AI algorithms due to their parallel processing capabilities.
• Companies like NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel have developed specialized GPUs for AI. Additionally, Google has developed Tensor TPUs (Tensor Processing Units) optimized for machine learning tasks.
• Workstations are rapidly evolving to meet the increasing demands of AI applications, complementing traditional CPUs with GPUs and other processing units to handle parallel processing tasks required for AI, especially deep learning. Multi-core CPUs with high performance and specialized GPUs like NVIDIA’s A100 or integrated processing units from Graphcore are becoming common.
• AI Integration in Operating Systems: AI is being increasingly integrated into desktop and laptop operating systems.
• Windows: Microsoft has enhanced Windows 11 with AI capabilities to improve the user experience and system performance. They announced the “Copilot + PC” category in May 2024, specifically designed to support AI features. These devices require accelerated processors with integrated AI, at least 256 GB of storage, and at least 16 GB of RAM.
• macOS (Apple Intelligence): Apple has significantly improved its operating system through “Apple Intelligence,” a personal intelligence system that integrates generative AI models. Announced in June 2024, it aims to provide helpful and contextual information across iPhones, iPads, and Macs, leveraging Apple silicon to understand language, images, and take actions across applications. Apple is also strongly focusing on user privacy through on-device processing and cloud computing.
• AI in Affordable Devices: The segment of lower-end computers (priced between $500 and $1500 in 2024) with AI capabilities has captured a significant share of revenue, showing considerable growth. Companies are responding to this demand by offering more accessible AI devices. For instance, NVIDIA launched a $249 version of its “Jetson” board, targeting small companies and enthusiasts interested in AI applications. This growth is driven by the increasing integration of AI into personal computing, making advanced technologies more accessible.

In summary, the source highlights a dynamic and rapidly expanding AI landscape, impacting hardware, software, content creation, and accessibility across different price points in the computer market. The development of specialized processing units and the deep integration of AI into operating systems are key trends driving this evolution. Our conversation history did not contain specific discussions about the current state and trends in Artificial Intelligence, so this response is solely based on the information provided in the new source.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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Multiple news articles and reports cover a diverse range of topics within Saudi Arabia and the broader Middle East. Several pieces highlight Saudi Arabia’s significant advancements in logistics, transportation infrastructure, and its growing global competitiveness. Other articles detail cultural events like Saudi Arabia’s participation in the London International Book Fair and Ramadan traditions across different regions. Additionally, there are reports on international affairs, including geopolitical discussions, economic trends in oil markets, and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Domestic news also features local developments, such as municipal projects, charitable activities, and health initiatives. Finally, sports news covers football league updates and the Saudi national team’s preparations.

Read Previous Al-Riyaz Newspapers

Unveiling Key Aspects of Saudi Arabia and Regional Developments

Quiz

1. Describe two key achievements of the Saudi aviation sector mentioned in the text.
2. What is the significance of the increased length of Saudi Arabia’s railway network?
3. Which high-ranking officials from Saudi Arabia and Qatar participated in the recent meeting in Doha? What was the primary focus of discussions in the Jeddah meeting?
4. What agreement regarding a ceasefire and military aid was reportedly reached during the Jeddah talks involving Ukraine, the US, and other parties? What condition was set by Ukraine for the ceasefire?
5. According to the text, what is the Syrian Truth and Justice Commission investigating, and what is its stance on accountability?
6. What was the overall trend of the Saudi stock market (TASI) on the day reported in the excerpt, and what was the total value of shares traded?
7. Summarize the main objectives of the King Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques.
8. What is “cinematic tourism,” and how does it relate to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030?
9. What was the total amount spent on food and beverages in Saudi Arabia during the first week of Ramadan in the year reported? What trend is associated with food waste during Ramadan?
10. Describe the main goals of the electrical interconnection projects Saudi Arabia is pursuing with Egypt, Jordan, and the GCC.

Answer Key

1. The Saudi aviation sector has seen a significant increase in the number of international destinations, reaching 99 and positioning the Kingdom as a major global air connectivity hub. Additionally, air cargo traffic reached a record of 1.2 million tons annually, strengthening the Kingdom’s role as a key global logistics center for goods.
2. The increased length of the railway network, now at 5,249 km, has facilitated the transportation of over 28 million tons of goods and minerals. The launch of the Dammam-Jubail railway line has further contributed to protecting the road network and enhancing transportation efficiency.
3. Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah and Qatar’s Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani participated in the Doha meeting. The primary focus of discussions in the Jeddah meeting was finding a way to end the war in Ukraine.
4. Ukraine reportedly agreed to a 30-day ceasefire, contingent on Russia also agreeing. In return, the United States agreed to resume military and intelligence aid to Ukraine.
5. The Syrian Truth and Justice Commission stated it is investigating a series of killings in the Syrian coastal region. It emphasized that no one is above the law and that it will demand the arrest and prosecution of those responsible for these crimes.
6. The Saudi stock market index (TASI) closed down, registering a decrease of 27.67 points to settle at 11717.96 points. The total value of shares traded amounted to 7.7 billion riyals.
7. The main objectives of the King Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques include strategically rehabilitating and restoring historical mosques for worship, reviving the architectural authenticity of these mosques, highlighting the historical dimension of Saudi Arabia, and enhancing the religious and cultural significance of historical mosques, contributing to Vision 2030’s focus on preserving the Kingdom’s cultural and historical heritage.
8. “Cinematic tourism” is a modern marketing technique that aims to attract tourists by leveraging the appeal of filmmaking locations and experiences. It is part of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals to diversify income sources and attract tourists from around the world, enhancing the Kingdom’s status as a global tourism destination.
9. The total expenditure on food and beverages in Saudi Arabia during the first week of Ramadan in the reported year reached 2,060,794,000 riyals. There is a trend of increased food waste during Ramadan each year, coinciding with higher purchasing of goods and food products.
10. The main goals are to establish a regional electrical grid linking the GCC countries, as well as specific interconnections with Egypt and Jordan. These projects aim to enhance energy security, facilitate the exchange of surplus power, and potentially reduce costs through shared resources and trade.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the significance of Saudi Arabia’s investments and developments in its transportation infrastructure (aviation, railways, and roads) in the context of its broader economic and strategic goals, as indicated in the text.
2. Discuss the complexities and potential outcomes of the reported ceasefire proposal and resumption of US aid to Ukraine, considering the perspectives of the various international actors involved.
3. Evaluate the role of Saudi Arabia as a mediator and host of international talks, as evidenced by the Jeddah meeting on Ukraine, and how this aligns with its foreign policy objectives and regional influence.
4. Explore the connection between cultural development, as highlighted by Saudi Arabia’s participation in the London International Book Fair and initiatives related to preserving national heritage (like historical mosques and the adoption of the Riyal symbol), and the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.
5. Critically assess the issue of food waste in Saudi Arabia, particularly during Ramadan, as presented in the text, and discuss potential strategies and the importance of addressing this challenge in relation to sustainability and economic considerations.

Glossary of Key Terms

• التخطيط الاستراتيجي (Strategic Planning): The process of defining a strategy or direction and making decisions on allocating resources to pursue this strategy. It involves setting long-term goals and determining the best ways to achieve them.
• إدارة الأزمات (Crisis Management): The process by which an organization deals with a sudden and unexpected event that threatens to harm the organization or its stakeholders.
• الربط الجوي (Air Connectivity): The extent to which a country or region is connected to other destinations via air transport services, including the number of routes and flight frequencies.
• الشحن الجوي (Air Cargo): The transportation of goods and commodities via aircraft.
• النقل السككي (Rail Transport): The movement of passengers and goods using trains on railway tracks.
• قمة (Summit): A meeting between heads of government or other high-ranking officials, often involving discussions on important political or economic issues.
• وقف إطلاق النار (Ceasefire): An agreement to temporarily or permanently stop fighting.
• المساعدات العسكرية (Military Aid): Assistance provided by one country to another in the form of weapons, equipment, training, or logistical support for military purposes.
• التعاون الدولي (International Cooperation): Collaboration between two or more countries on shared interests or goals, such as economic development, security, or humanitarian aid.
• الآليات الوطنية (National Mechanisms): Procedures and institutions within a country that are used to address issues or achieve goals, as opposed to international ones.
• مؤشر الأسهم (Stock Market Index): A measurement of the performance of a group of stocks, intended to represent a whole market or a sector of it.
• التداولات (Trading/Transactions): The buying and selling of stocks or other financial instruments.
• الرؤية (Vision): A long-term aspiration that defines the ideal future state for a nation, organization, or individual.
• السياحة السينمائية (Cinematic Tourism): Tourism motivated by the appeal of film locations, studios, or related attractions.
• الهدر الغذائي (Food Waste): Food that is discarded or lost uneaten.
• البطاقات الائتمانية (Credit Cards): Payment cards allowing the holder to borrow funds to pay for goods and services with a promise to repay later.
• نقاط البيع (Points of Sale): Locations where goods or services are sold to customers.
• الربط الكهربائي (Electrical Interconnection): The linking of two or more electrical power systems to allow the transfer of electricity between them.
• العملة الوطنية (National Currency): The official form of money used in a particular country.
• رمز العملة (Currency Symbol): A graphic symbol used as a shorthand for a currency’s name.
• التسويق الرقمي (Digital Marketing): The marketing of products or services using digital technologies, mainly on the Internet, but also including mobile phones, display advertising, and any other digital medium.
• التوطرات التجارية (Trade Tensions): Disputes or strains in the economic relations between countries, often involving tariffs or other trade barriers.
• الركود الاقتصادي (Economic Recession): A significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.
• السياسات الحمائية (Protectionist Policies): Government actions, such as tariffs and quotas, that restrict international trade to protect domestic industries.
• الناتج المحلي الإجمالي (GDP – Gross Domestic Product): The total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
• منظمة الدول المصدرة للنفط (OPEC – Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries): An intergovernmental organization of 13 of the world’s major oil-exporting nations.
• المعنويات (Sentiment): The overall attitude or feeling of investors or the public towards a particular market or situation.
• الرُسوم الجمركية (Customs Duties/Tariffs): Taxes imposed on goods when they are imported or exported across international borders.
• التضخم (Inflation): A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
• الفائدة (Interest Rate): The cost of borrowing money or the return on lending it, typically expressed as an annual percentage.
• الاحتياطي الفيدرالي (Federal Reserve): The central banking system of the United States.
• الملاذ الآمن (Safe Haven): An asset that is expected to retain or increase in value during times of market turbulence.
• التحفيز الاقتصادي (Economic Stimulus): Actions undertaken by the government or central bank to boost economic activity during a slowdown or recession.
• الإغلاق الفيدرالي (Federal Shutdown): A situation in the United States where the federal government has to stop all non-essential operations due to a failure to pass appropriations bills or a continuing resolution to fund the government.
• البروقراطية الفيدرالية (Federal Bureaucracy): The administrative system of the executive branch of the United States federal government, including its numerous departments, agencies, and offices.
• جودة الحياة (Quality of Life): The standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group.
• التصحر (Desertification): The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
• التراث الثقافي (Cultural Heritage): The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
• تحفة معمارية (Architectural Masterpiece): A building or structure considered to be an outstanding example of architectural design and skill.

Saudi Arabia & Region: News and Developments, March 2025

Based on the provided sources, here is a detailed briefing document reviewing the main themes and most important ideas or facts:

Briefing Document

Subject: Review of Recent News and Developments in Saudi Arabia and the Region

Sources: Excerpts from “20713.pdf” (a Saudi Arabian newspaper likely published on Thursday, March 13, 2025, corresponding to 13 Ramadan 1446 AH).

Main Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

This briefing document covers a range of topics reflecting current affairs in Saudi Arabia and the broader Middle East. Key themes include economic development and infrastructure, international relations and conflict resolution efforts, social and cultural initiatives, and local news.

1. Economic Development and Infrastructure:

• Air Transport Sector Growth: Saudi Arabia’s aviation sector has witnessed “huge leaps,” increasing the number of international destinations from 99 to 172, positioning the Kingdom as a key global air connectivity hub.
• Surge in Air Cargo: Air cargo has reached an unprecedented level of 1.2 million tons annually, reinforcing the Kingdom’s role as a major global freight center.
• Expansion of Rail Network: The length of railway tracks has increased to 5,249 km, with over 28 million tons of goods and minerals transported. The launch of the Dammam-Jubail railway line has contributed to protecting road networks and enhancing transport efficiency.
• Riyal Symbol: The Saudi Central Bank has launched a symbol for the Saudi Riyal, effective immediately. This is seen as strengthening the Kingdom’s financial and economic identity regionally and internationally, facilitating financial transactions, and aligning with the goals of Vision 2030. The symbol will be used in various financial and commercial contexts.

2. International Relations and Conflict Resolution:

• Jeddah Talks on Ukraine: Saudi Arabia hosted discussions in Jeddah regarding a proposed ceasefire in Ukraine between the United States and Ukraine, following Kyiv’s claim of its largest drone attack on Moscow in years.
• Ukrainian Ceasefire Proposal: Ukraine has reportedly agreed to a 30-day ceasefire, conditional on Russia’s agreement. The United States has agreed to resume military and intelligence aid.
• International Welcome for Jeddah Talks: The international community, including French President Emmanuel Macron and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, has welcomed the outcome of the Jeddah talks, emphasizing the importance of a ceasefire and the Kingdom’s role in supporting peace.
• Von der Leyen used the same expression on X (formerly Twitter) to support the agreement.
• Syria: Investigation into Crimes in the Coast: A Syrian facts commission has stated it is investigating a series of killings in the Syrian coastal region and affirmed that “no one is above the law,” indicating intentions to pursue and arrest perpetrators.

3. Social and Cultural Initiatives:

• Support for Rehabilitation and Healthcare: The Emir of the Eastern Province honored partners of the Prince Naif Center for Rehabilitation, which provides specialized services for children. The center is expanding its age range for beneficiaries and aims to increase its therapeutic capacity.
• “Joud Al-Baha for Housing 2” Campaign: The Emir of Al-Baha urged increased participation in the second edition of the “Joud Al-Iskan” (Generosity in Housing) campaign, which aims to provide suitable housing for beneficiary families in the region, contributing to social and economic stability.
• “BRT” Project in Madinah: The Emir of Madinah reviewed updates on the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project, designed to meet the growing demand for public transport, improve passenger experience, and enhance the quality of services. The project includes 3 routes covering 65 kilometers with 253 environmentally friendly buses.
• “King Salman Relief” Efforts: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre continues its work, distributing food baskets to needy families in Yemen and Bangladesh.
• Restoration of Historical Mosques: Prince Salman bin Mohammed Al Saud is developing a project to restore historical mosques, starting with the Zubair bin Al-Awam Mosque in Najran, aiming to preserve their architectural authenticity and historical significance, aligning with Vision 2030.
• “Layali Ramadaniah” Markets: The “Layali Ramadaniah” (Ramadan Nights) markets in Madinah, organized by neighborhood centers and the municipality, serve as a unique Ramadan gathering, supporting productive families by providing outlets for their products (food, handicrafts, perfumes, etc.).
• Saudi Arabia’s Cultural Development: The Kingdom’s cultural and literary scene has witnessed significant development, with many emerging talents. Vision 2030 and the Ministry of Culture aim to promote Saudi culture and literature internationally. Saudi Arabia participated in the London International Book Fair 2025, showcasing its rich cultural offerings.
• “Dar Tantora” Project in AlUla: The “Dar Tantora” project in AlUla is highlighted as a prominent destination during Ramadan, offering a unique experience that combines comfort and cultural heritage in a traditionally designed 30-room hotel.
• Al-Rahmah Mosque in Jeddah: The Al-Rahmah Mosque in Jeddah, built on the coast and known as the “floating mosque,” is considered an architectural masterpiece and a significant tourist attraction.
• Wild Dedhan in Al-Shumasiya Roads: An initiative to plant wild Dedhan flowers along Al-Shumasiya roads in Riyadh is part of efforts to increase green spaces, improve the quality of life, and combat desertification.

4. Local News:

• Saudi Stock Market Performance: The main Saudi stock index closed down at 11717.96 points with trading valued at 7.7 billion riyals. 122 companies saw their shares rise, while 116 experienced a decline.
• Prince of the Eastern Province Visits Patients: The Prince visited Al-Mursى Hospital and checked on patients, acknowledging the efforts of the medical staff.
• Al-Awamiya Charity Distributes Ramadan Aid: The Al-Rumaisaniyah Charity Committee in Al-Awamiya distributed various forms of aid, including cash, food baskets, and meat, to support families during Ramadan.
• Makkah Development: The Emir of Makkah region expressed his gratitude for the ongoing support for developmental initiatives aimed at providing suitable housing for deserving groups.
• Madinah Municipality Efforts: The Mayor of Madinah highlighted the municipality’s ongoing inspections of commercial establishments, restaurants, and buffets during Ramadan to ensure compliance with health standards.
• Baha Residents Prepare for Eid al-Fitr: Residents of Al-Baha are shown preparing for Eid al-Fitr by fulfilling their needs and celebrating the Ramadan traditions.
• Tuwaiq Sculpture 2025: The Tuwaiq Sculpture event, held under the slogan “The Harmony of Contrasts,” concluded with significant participation from local and international artists.

5. Energy Sector:

• Oil Price Fluctuations: Oil prices rose slightly, supported by a weaker dollar, but gains were limited by concerns over a potential slowdown in the US economy and the impact of tariffs on global growth.
• OPEC+ Production: Focus is on the upcoming monthly report from OPEC+ amid discussions about potential production increases.
• US Oil Production Forecast: The US Energy Information Administration raised its forecast for domestic crude oil production for 2025.
• Saudi-Egypt Electricity Interconnection: The electricity interconnection project between Saudi Arabia and Egypt is progressing, with expectations that it will open the door for energy exchange and cooperation.

6. Sports:

• Saudi National Team Preparations: The coach of the Saudi national football team announced the squad for the upcoming seventh and eighth rounds of the Asian qualifiers for the 2026 World Cup, facing China and Japan.
• AFC Champions League Quarter-Finals: The qualified teams for the quarter-finals of the AFC Champions League Elite 2024-2025 have been finalized, including three Saudi clubs (Al-Nassr, Al-Hilal, and Al-Ahli). Saudi Arabia will host the final stages of the tournament in Jeddah.
• Saleem Al-Dawsari’s Achievements: Salem Al-Dawsari has significantly contributed to Al-Hilal’s success in the AFC Champions League, scoring 52 goals and providing 21 assists throughout his career in the competition.

7. Regional Conflicts:

• Gaza Conflict: The Israeli occupation authorities continue to cut off the electricity supply to the Gaza Strip, which has been ongoing since the start of the “genocidal war” in October 2023.
• Demolition in Qalqilya: Israeli occupation forces demolished the house of a Palestinian martyr in Qalqilya, who was one of the perpetrators of an attack that killed a settler.
• Continued Operations in West Bank: Israeli forces continue their aggression on Tulkarm, Nur Shams camp, Jenin, and Balata camp, involving raids, arrests, and confrontations.
• Syrian Conflict: The US-backed Kurdish self-administration in northern and eastern Syria, which controls key oil and gas fields, is reportedly in discussions with the Syrian regime about managing these resources.

Quotes:

• (Regarding the success of Tuwaiq Sculpture): “” (They embodied the spirit of Islam in governance.) – This quote appears in the context of discussing historical figures but its inclusion here is unclear without further context. It might be a misplaced snippet.
• (Mohammed Al-Kannhal on Najdi dialect in drama): (Al-Kannhal pointed out that some actresses tried to present the Najdi dialect but did not succeed correctly, which affected the credibility, especially in historical dramas.)

Analysis:

The sources provide a snapshot of a dynamic Saudi Arabia focused on economic diversification and infrastructure development, actively engaging in regional and international diplomacy, and promoting its culture and heritage. The Kingdom continues to address local social needs and invest in various sectors. The news also reflects ongoing tensions and conflicts in the wider Middle East region.

This briefing document aims to provide a concise overview of the key information presented in the provided excerpts. Further research and context may be needed for a more comprehensive understanding of these events.

Saudi Arabia: Recent Developments and Global Engagements

Frequently Asked Questions based on the Provided Sources:

• What significant advancements has the Saudi Arabian transportation sector witnessed recently? The Saudi Arabian aviation sector has experienced substantial growth, increasing its international destinations to 172, connecting the Kingdom globally. Air cargo traffic has also seen an unprecedented rise, reaching over 1.2 million tons annually, solidifying Saudi Arabia’s position as a major global logistics hub. In rail transport, the total length of railways has extended to 5,249 km, facilitating the movement of over 28 million tons of goods and minerals. The launch of the Dammam-Jubail railway line has contributed to protecting the road network and enhancing overall transportation efficiency.
• What was the primary focus of the recent discussions held in Jeddah involving Saudi Arabia and other international actors? The discussions in Jeddah primarily focused on the conflict in Ukraine. Saudi Arabia hosted meetings where representatives from Ukraine, the United States, and other nations, including foreign ministers from Qatar and Jordan, as well as envoys from Egypt, the UAE, Palestine, and the US, convened to discuss a proposed path towards de-escalation. A key outcome was Ukraine agreeing to consider a 30-day ceasefire if Russia reciprocated, with the US agreeing to resume military and intelligence aid to Ukraine. The international community, including France and the EU Commission President, welcomed these developments as steps towards potential peace.
• What actions are being taken regarding alleged crimes in the Syrian coastal region? A UN fact-finding committee on Syria has stated it is investigating a series of alleged crimes in the Syrian coastal region. The committee emphasized that no one is above the law and intends to request the arrest and prosecution of any perpetrators of these crimes. They plan to submit their findings to the relevant authorities and are open to international cooperation, though they prefer national mechanisms for accountability.
• What are some of the key social and community initiatives highlighted in the sources within Saudi Arabia? Several social and community initiatives are highlighted. The Prince Saud bin Naif Center for Rehabilitation honored its partners and outlined ambitious operational plans for 2024 focusing on improving services for children with various developmental challenges. Prince Faisal bin Mishal visited and reviewed future projects of a charity association for the elderly, aligning with Vision 2030 to enhance their quality of life. The “Joud Al-Baha for Housing 2” campaign was launched to provide suitable housing for families in need, emphasizing social solidarity. Additionally, weekly “Ramadaniyat Nights” markets in Medina, organized by community centers and the municipality, support local producers and offer a unique Ramadan experience.
• How is Saudi Arabia leveraging its cultural heritage and arts on the international stage? Saudi Arabia is actively promoting its rich cultural and literary scene internationally. The Kingdom participated with a significant pavilion at the London International Book Fair 2025, led by the Literature, Publishing and Translation Commission, to showcase its literary advancements and support Saudi publishers. Vision 2030 aims to make Saudi Arabia a global destination, and initiatives like “Cinematic Tourism” are being used as modern marketing tools to attract tourists and promote local culture. Furthermore, the “Dar Tantora” project in AlUla is highlighted as a unique destination blending heritage and hospitality, offering visitors an authentic cultural experience.
• What developments are occurring in the energy sector, particularly concerning oil and gas, as indicated in the sources? Despite concerns about a potential economic slowdown in the US and the impact of tariffs, oil prices have shown some stability. OPEC+ is under scrutiny regarding potential production increases. The US Energy Information Administration has raised its forecasts for domestic crude oil production for 2025 and 2026. There’s also a focus on the growing market opportunity for US natural gas production to contribute to global energy security. Additionally, Saudi Arabia and Egypt are exploring increased electricity grid connectivity to exchange energy, with expectations of rising trade volumes in electricity.
• What is the significance of the newly launched Saudi Riyal symbol? The launch of the new Saudi Riyal symbol underscores the importance of the national currency as a symbol of national identity and economic strength, both regionally and internationally. It aims to enhance the Riyal’s role in the global financial system and facilitate financial transactions. This initiative aligns with Saudi Arabia’s broader goals under Vision 2030 to strengthen its financial sector and its position within the G20 economies. The symbol, derived from the Arabic word “Riyal,” also represents a historical continuation of the national currency established during the reign of King Abdulaziz.
• What progress is being made in electricity grid interconnections within the Gulf region and beyond? Significant progress is being made in establishing electricity grid interconnections. Saudi Arabia has signed agreements with Oman for a direct interconnection project and is in the final stages of agreements with other Gulf entities. Discussions are also underway with the UAE for a grid expansion project, with financing secured from the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development, aiming for completion in the first half of 2027. These projects aim to create a regional grid that enhances energy security and enables efficient power exchange between countries.

International Political, Security, and Economic Balances

The sources discuss several aspects related to international balances, encompassing political, security, and economic dimensions.

Political and Security Balances:

• The meeting in Doha, attended by the Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia and representatives from Qatar, Jordan, Egypt, UAE, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the US, focused on the issue of Palestine. This gathering indicates efforts to address the political balance in the Middle East.
• The talks held in Jeddah regarding the conflict in Ukraine, with the participation of Ukrainian and US officials, and the subsequent agreement by Ukraine to a ceasefire plan and the resumption of US military aid, directly relate to the international security balance in Europe and the ongoing tensions with Russia.
• Saudi Arabia’s hosting of these talks underscores its growing role in international diplomacy and its position as a trusted mediator in resolving conflicts. This highlights a shift in regional and potentially global political influence.
• Reactions from various international actors, such as the United Kingdom, the Gulf Cooperation Council, Jordan, and the European Union, to the Jeddah talks demonstrate the global interest and involvement in the Ukraine conflict and the efforts to restore peace and stability, reflecting the interconnectedness of international security.
• The discussions around a potential ceasefire in Ukraine, supported by security guarantees, and the exchange of intelligence information point to attempts to establish a new security balance in the region.
• The situation in Gaza and the West Bank, including the humanitarian crisis and the ongoing actions of the Israeli الاحتلال (occupation), represent a persistent challenge to the international political balance in the Middle East. The condemnation of the الاحتلال (occupation) and calls for international intervention highlight the global concern over this imbalance.
• Turkey’s ongoing operations against Kurdish forces in northern Syria, despite agreements between the Kurdish forces and the Damascus government, illustrate the complex and shifting regional security balances in the Middle East.
• The US welcoming of the agreement regarding the integration of the Kurdish self-administration institutions in northeast Syria reflects the international interest in the political and security landscape of Syria.

Economic Balances:

• Saudi Arabia’s strategic geographic location is being leveraged to transform it into a global logistics center, enhancing its role in international trade and the global economy. The Kingdom has made significant progress in the World Bank’s logistics performance index and is attracting major companies, indicating a strengthening of its international economic position.
• The resilience of Saudi Arabia’s infrastructure in the face of international crises, such as the Red Sea issues affecting exports and imports, demonstrates its growing stability in the global economic system.
• Fluctuations in global oil prices, influenced by factors such as US economic concerns, potential impacts of tariffs, and production plans by OPEC+, directly impact international economic balances and geopolitical dynamics.
• Trade tensions and tariff impositions by the US on imports from countries like Canada and China, and the reactions to these measures, reflect ongoing shifts in global trade balances and economic power dynamics.
• The development of a new symbol for the Saudi Riyal is intended to reflect the Kingdom’s culture and heritage and enhance its image in local, regional, and international financial and commercial transactions, indicating a focus on strengthening its international economic identity and presence.

In summary, the sources highlight the intricate and constantly evolving nature of international balances across various domains. Political and security balances are significantly impacted by ongoing conflicts and diplomatic efforts, while economic balances are shaped by trade relations, resource management, and the strategic positioning of nations within the global system. Saudi Arabia emerges as a key actor in navigating these balances, particularly in the context of regional conflicts and its growing economic influence.

Saudi Arabia: Progress in Economy, Logistics, and Diplomacy

The sources highlight significant progress made by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia across various sectors, contributing to its enhanced international standing.

Economic Progress and Strategic Positioning:

• Saudi Arabia is undergoing major structural transformations aimed at strengthening its global competitiveness.
• A key aspect of this progress is the development of the Kingdom as a global logistics powerhouse. This is evident in the qualitative leaps in transport infrastructure and the attraction of major international companies.
• The success of the National Strategy for Transport and Logistics Services, launched by the Crown Prince in 2021, has charted a clear roadmap for enhancing the Kingdom’s competitive edge.
• These achievements are part of the broader Vision 2030, which aims to establish Saudi Arabia as a global center for logistics services and transportation, ultimately supporting the Kingdom’s overall growth.
• The adoption of a new symbol for the Saudi Riyal is a historical step to reinforce the national currency’s identity and the Kingdom’s financial standing both locally and internationally. This move aims to promote pride in national identity, enhance confidence in the Riyal, and reflect the Kingdom’s position within the global financial system. It also seeks to facilitate financial transactions.
• Saudi Arabia’s infrastructure has shown resilience in the face of international crises, indicating growing stability within the global economic system (based on our previous conversation).

Political and Diplomatic Progress:

• The Kingdom is playing an increasingly active role in international diplomacy and is establishing itself as a trusted mediator in resolving conflicts.
• Hosting the peace talks in Jeddah between Ukraine and the United States demonstrates the international community’s confidence in Saudi Arabia’s ability to contribute effectively to establishing security and stability. This initiative is seen as supporting global peace efforts.
• The positive international reception to the Jeddah talks, including welcome from the UK Prime Minister, the Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Jordan, and the European Union, underscores the Kingdom’s growing diplomatic influence.
• Saudi Arabia’s efforts align with its firm commitment to diplomacy as a means to bridge viewpoints and achieve security and stability. Its history of benevolent endeavors and successful mediation has positioned it as a reliable actor in the region and globally.

In conclusion, the sources reveal that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is making substantial progress in developing its economic infrastructure and enhancing its role as a key player in international politics and diplomacy. These advancements are driven by strategic initiatives like Vision 2030 and are being recognized and welcomed by the international community.

Saudi Arabia: Becoming a Global Logistics Center

Based on the sources, Saudi Arabia is making significant strides in developing its logistics services to become a global logistics center. This is a key component of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy beyond oil and gas and establish Saudi Arabia as a globally significant hub for logistics and transportation services.

Here are some key points regarding the Kingdom’s progress in logistics services:

• Strategic Goal: Saudi Arabia is actively working to position itself as a global logistics center. This involves leveraging its strategic geographical location to enhance its role in international trade and the global economy [as per our previous conversation].
• Significant Improvement: The Kingdom has achieved a qualitative leap in its logistics performance in the World Bank’s index, advancing by 17 ranks. This indicates a substantial improvement in its logistics infrastructure and efficiency.
• Attracting Major Companies: Saudi Arabia has successfully attracted major international companies to its logistics sector. This signifies growing confidence in the Kingdom’s logistics capabilities and its potential for further growth.
• Development of Logistics Zones: The Kingdom has launched 23 integrated logistics zones across the country, including the establishment of a logistics center at Riyadh Airport. These zones are crucial for enhancing connectivity and streamlining logistics operations.
• Enhanced Trade Gateway: The development of logistics infrastructure, particularly the center at Riyadh Airport, has strengthened Saudi Arabia’s position as a major gateway for global trade.
• Infrastructure Resilience: Saudi Arabia’s infrastructure has demonstrated strength and resilience in the face of international crises, such as issues affecting the Red Sea. Despite these challenges, the Kingdom’s ports recorded a 9% increase in traffic, and air cargo saw a 30% rise. This highlights the robustness and adaptability of its logistics network.
• National Strategy: The progress in logistics is aligned with the National Strategy for Transport and Logistics Services, launched in 2021, which provides a clear roadmap for enhancing the Kingdom’s competitive edge in this sector [as per our previous conversation].
• Vision 2030 Integration: Establishing Saudi Arabia as a global center for logistics services is an integral part of the broader Vision 2030, contributing to the Kingdom’s overall economic growth and diversification efforts.
• Saudization in Logistics: The success of Saudization plans is reflected in the employment of Saudi nationals within the logistics sector.

In summary, the sources clearly indicate that Saudi Arabia is making substantial progress in developing its logistics services through strategic initiatives, infrastructure development, and attracting international investment. This is a key element of its Vision 2030, aimed at transforming the Kingdom into a global logistics hub and enhancing its role in international trade.

Saudi Arabia: Air Transport Sector Growth

Based on the sources and our conversation history, Saudi Arabia is experiencing significant growth in its air transport sector, particularly within the broader context of developing its logistics services [as per our previous conversation].

Here are some key points highlighting this growth:

• Increased Air Cargo: Despite international crises impacting global trade routes, Saudi Arabia’s air cargo sector recorded a substantial 30% rise [based on our previous conversation]. This indicates a significant expansion in the volume of goods being transported by air.
• Development of Logistics Centers: The establishment of logistics centers, such as the one at Riyadh Airport [as per our previous conversation], directly supports the growth of air transport by providing infrastructure for cargo handling, warehousing, and connectivity. These centers enhance the efficiency of air freight operations.
• Part of Logistics Strategy: The growth in air transport is integral to the Kingdom’s strategy of becoming a global logistics center, a key objective of Vision 2030 [as per our previous conversation]. This strategic focus drives investment and development in air transport infrastructure and services.
• Infrastructure Resilience: The fact that air cargo volumes increased despite international challenges highlights the resilience and adaptability of Saudi Arabia’s air transport infrastructure [based on our previous conversation]. This suggests that the sector is well-positioned for continued growth.
• Support for Economic Diversification: The expansion of air transport capabilities contributes to the Kingdom’s broader goal of economic diversification by facilitating trade, connecting businesses, and supporting various industries.

In summary, the sources and our previous discussion indicate a strong growth trajectory for air transport in Saudi Arabia, driven by strategic investments in logistics infrastructure, the Kingdom’s ambition to become a global logistics hub, and the demonstrated resilience of its air cargo sector. This growth is a significant component of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and its efforts to enhance its global economic role.

Saudi Arabia’s Bilateral Diplomatic Engagements

The sources discuss several instances that can be considered bilateral meetings or involve bilateral discussions, highlighting Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic engagements and its role in facilitating international talks.

Here are some key points regarding these bilateral meetings and discussions:

• Meeting in Doha Regarding Palestine: The Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs participated in a meeting in Doha that included the foreign ministers or high-ranking officials from Qatar, Jordan, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and the Palestine Liberation Organization. While this was a multilateral gathering, it inherently involved bilateral interactions and discussions between Saudi Arabia and each of the other participating entities on the topic of Palestine.
• Jeddah Talks Between Ukraine and the United States: Saudi Arabia hosted negotiations between Ukraine and the United States in Jeddah. These talks represent a significant bilateral meeting aimed at discussing the possibility of ending the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The United States reportedly agreed to resume military and intelligence aid to Ukraine during these discussions.
• International Reception of Jeddah Talks: The positive response from various international actors, such as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council, the Jordanian government, and the European Union, to the bilateral talks between the US and Ukraine hosted by Saudi Arabia underscores the Kingdom’s growing role as a facilitator of international dialogue and its commitment to fostering peace and security.
• Meeting with the Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council: The Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs received the Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council in Riyadh. This constitutes a bilateral meeting between Saudi Arabia and the GCC, likely focused on regional cooperation and matters of mutual interest.

These examples from the sources demonstrate Saudi Arabia’s active engagement in bilateral discussions and its role as a host and facilitator for important international meetings. This aligns with the Kingdom’s broader efforts in international diplomacy and its ambition to be a trusted mediator in resolving conflicts, as discussed in our previous conversation [based on previous turn]. The hosting of the US-Ukraine talks in particular highlights the international community’s confidence in Saudi Arabia’s ability to contribute to global peace initiatives.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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Several articles from Al Riyadh newspaper cover a range of topics. One section details a Saudi cabinet meeting led by King Salman, discussing international issues like Ukraine and domestic matters such as industrial growth. Another highlights Saudi Arabia’s annual ” العلم” ( العلم) day, tracing the history and symbolism of the national flag. Local news features include the transformation of a building code committee into a center and development projects like the renovation of historical mosques. Other articles report on sports news, economic updates regarding oil prices, and international events including the Syrian conflict and aid efforts for Gaza. Finally, lifestyle pieces discuss Ramadan traditions, healthy fasting, and a Saudi drama series.

Read Previous Al-Riyaz Newspapers

Study Guide: Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, and Domestic Developments

This study guide is designed to help you review the provided source material. It includes a quiz to test your understanding, essay questions to encourage deeper analysis, and a glossary of key terms.

Quiz

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

1. What was the main topic of discussion during the Saudi Arabian Council of Ministers’ meeting mentioned at the beginning of the excerpts?
2. According to the excerpts, what is the purpose of Saudi Arabia hosting talks between the United States and Ukraine?
3. What is the significance of the “Saudi-Ukrainian Business Council” being re-established in 2025?
4. What kind of assistance has Saudi Arabia provided to Ukraine, according to the text?
5. What is ” يوم العلم ” (National Flag Day) in Saudi Arabia, and what does it symbolize?
6. Briefly describe the historical evolution of the Saudi Arabian flag as mentioned in the text.
7. What are some of the key objectives behind the Saudi Arabian initiative to develop historical mosques?
8. What was the primary focus of the “شم بصحة” (Smell Health) campaign during Ramadan?
9. According to the article on the industrial sector, what factors contributed to the rise in Saudi Arabia’s industrial production index?
10. What were the key concerns affecting global oil and gold prices as discussed in the financial news sections?

Essay Format Questions

Consider the following questions for a more in-depth analysis of the source material. Develop a well-structured essay for each, drawing evidence from the provided text.

1. Analyze Saudi Arabia’s role in international diplomacy, particularly concerning the Ukraine crisis, as portrayed in the excerpts. What motivations and strategies appear to guide its actions?
2. Discuss the significance of Saudi Arabia’s focus on both international relations (e.g., Ukraine) and domestic development (e.g., Vision 2030, National Flag Day) as reflected in the provided news articles. How do these two areas intersect or reinforce each other?
3. Evaluate the importance of cultural heritage and national identity in Saudi Arabia, using the examples of the historical mosque restoration project and the celebration of National Flag Day.
4. Based on the articles discussing the industrial sector and financial markets, assess the current economic climate in Saudi Arabia and its connections to global economic trends.
5. Examine the various social initiatives and cultural exchanges mentioned in the text (e.g., “شم بصحة,” cultural exchange with China). What do these initiatives reveal about Saudi Arabia’s evolving society and its engagement with the world?

Glossary of Key Terms

• مجلس الوزراء (Majlis al- الوزراء): The Council of Ministers in Saudi Arabia, the main executive body responsible for policy-making.
• ولي العهد (Wali al-Ahd): The Crown Prince, the designated successor to the throne. In the context of the article, refers to Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
• خادم الحرمين الشريفين (Khadim al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharifayn): The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, a title held by the King of Saudi Arabia. In the context, refers to King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
• الاستراتيجية الوطنية (al-ʾistirātījiyyah al-waṭaniyyah): The national strategy, often referring to overarching plans for development in various sectors.
• رؤية 2030 (Ruʾyah 2030): Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia’s ambitious plan for economic diversification, social reform, and sustainable development.
• يوم العلم (Yawm al-ʿAlam): National Flag Day in Saudi Arabia, celebrated to commemorate the adoption of the country’s flag.
• كود البناء السعودي (Kūd al-Bināʾ al-Saʿūdī): The Saudi Building Code, a set of regulations and standards for construction in the Kingdom.
• الرقم القياسي لإلنتاج الصناعي (al-Raqm al-Qiyāsī lil-ʾIntāj al-Ṣināʿī): The industrial production index, a measure of the volume of industrial output.
• التنمية المستدامة (al-Tanmiyah al-Mustadāmah): Sustainable development, development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• التبادل التجاري (al-Tabādul al-Tijārī): Trade exchange, the buying and selling of goods and services between countries or entities.

Briefing Document: Analysis of News Articles from “20712.pdf” (March 12, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the Arabic newspaper “20712.pdf,” dated Wednesday, March 12, 2025. The articles cover a range of domestic and international topics relevant to Saudi Arabia.

1. Saudi Arabia’s Role in International Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution:

• Ukraine Crisis: A significant focus is placed on Saudi Arabia’s efforts to mediate and support a peaceful resolution to the Ukraine crisis. The Council of Ministers welcomed the commencement of talks between the United States and Ukraine, hosted by the Kingdom. This initiative stems from Saudi Arabia’s balanced relationships with various parties and its leading role in promoting global security and peace.
• Quote: “” (The Council welcomed the start of talks between the United States of America, which the Kingdom is hosting as part of its efforts to end the crisis, especially in light of its balanced relations with various parties and its leading role in promoting global security and peace, and establishing dialogue as part of the factors of international stability and peace.)
• President Zelenskyy’s Visit: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy paid an official visit to Saudi Arabia on March 10, 2025. He met with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and they discussed strengthening the distinguished relations between the two friendly countries in all fields. Zelenskyy congratulated the Kingdom on Riyadh’s winning bid to host Expo 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034.
• Quote: “” (His Excellency the President of Ukraine, Mr. Volodymyr Zelenskyy, paid an official visit to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on 10 Ramadan 1446 AH, corresponding to March 10, 2025… They held an official discussion session, during which they reviewed aspects of the distinguished relations between the two friendly countries and expressed their desire to strengthen them in all fields.)
• Economic Ties with Ukraine: Both sides emphasized the robustness of economic ties, noting a 9% growth in trade volume in 2024. They agreed on the importance of joint work to further develop trade relations, encourage mutual visits of commercial and investment delegations, explore joint opportunities (including Vision 2030 projects and the reconstruction of Ukraine), and welcomed the re-establishment of the Saudi-Ukrainian Joint Business Council in 2025.
• Quote: ..” (The two sides praised the robustness of the economic ties between the two friendly countries and noted the importance of joint work to develop the volume of trade exchange, which reached a growth rate of (9%) in 2024, and agreed on the necessity of overcoming the challenges facing the development of trade relations…)
• Support for Syria’s Unity and Sovereignty: The Council of Ministers reiterated Saudi Arabia’s full support for the unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Syria, emphasizing dialogue as the way to resolve crises and ensure the stability and safety of its people.

2. Domestic Developments and Initiatives in Saudi Arabia:

• National Campaign for Charitable Work: The Council of Ministers praised the national campaign for charitable work, highlighting the deeply rooted values of benevolence, giving, and solidarity within Saudi society. The state’s significant care and attention to this vital sector were also noted.
• Quote:” (His Excellency explained that the Council noted what the national campaign for charitable work embodied; the deeply rooted benevolence and values of giving and solidarity in Saudi society’s culture, pointing in this context to the great care and attention the state gives to this leading sector.)
• Positive Economic Indicators: The Council touched upon the positive growth rates of major projects during 2024, reflecting the progress made under the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 programs and national strategies.
• Quote: (The Council also touched upon the positive growth rates it achieved during the year 2024, thus reflecting the success of the wise leadership in accelerating the projects of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030…)
• “Day of the Flag”: The Kingdom and its people celebrate “Day of the Flag” annually, recognizing the national flag as a historically significant symbol of the Saudi state since its establishment in 1727. The flag represents sovereignty, unity, cohesion, and national identity. Its evolution over Saudi history, from the first Saudi state onwards, was detailed, culminating in its current form adopted by King Abdulaziz.
• Quote: “.” (The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its people celebrate “Flag Day” every year, which is considered a historically significant day marking the launch of the national flag, narrating the history extending across the history of the Saudi state since its establishment in the year 1139 AH corresponding to 1727 AD.)
• Project to Renovate Historical Mosques: A project by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is ongoing to develop and restore historical mosques, preserving their architectural style and Islamic heritage. The second phase includes 30 mosques across 13 regions, utilizing traditional building techniques with natural materials to reflect the local environment. The renovation of the Faydhat Athqab Mosque in Hail, dating back to 1946, was specifically mentioned.
• Quote: “” (In a step reflecting the continuation of the project of Prince Mohammed bin Salman to develop historical mosques and restore their religious, cultural, and social role, to preserve their architectural styles and highlight their Islamic heritage, and to rebuild them in environmentally sustainable ways with natural elements…)
• Volunteer Initiatives: Over 100 volunteers participated in an environmental campaign in the Madinah region to clean parks and valleys, supported by the “Noumou Alghita’ Alnabati” (Development of Vegetation Cover) Foundation and implemented by the “Widian” (Valleys) Association.

3. Economic News:

• Increase in Industrial Production Index: The industrial production index rose by 1.3% in January 2025 compared to the same month of the previous year, driven by an increase in transformative industries and improvements in water supply, sewage, and waste management sectors. This highlights the effectiveness of the National Industry Development and Logistics Program launched in 2019 and the National Industrial Strategy adopted in October 2022, aiming to diversify the economy and increase non-oil exports.
• Quote: “” (The industrial production index rose by 1.3% during the month of January 2025 compared to the same month of the previous year 2024, supported by an increase in the transformative industries activity…)
• Oil Price Fluctuations: Oil prices experienced slight gains amid concerns about a potential recession in the United States and the impact of tariffs on global growth, despite OPEC+ focusing on increasing supplies.
• Gold Price Increase: Gold prices rose due to a weaker US dollar and increasing concerns about a global recession.
• Transformation of Building Code Committee: The Council of Ministers approved the transformation of the National Building Code Committee into the Saudi Building Code Center, aiming to enhance performance and efficiency in the construction sector, improve infrastructure quality, and promote sustainability in line with Vision 2030.
• Quote: “.” (The Council of Ministers approved the transformation of the National Committee for the Saudi Building Code into the (Saudi Building Code Center), and the approval of the application of the Saudi Building Code system and the amendment of its regulatory arrangements…)

4. Regional Issues:

• Gaza Water Crisis: The ongoing Israeli restrictions on the entry of aid and fuel into the Gaza Strip have exacerbated the suffering of over two million displaced Palestinians, leading to a severe water crisis. The destruction of 580 desalination plants and the disruption of electricity have severely impacted access to clean water. Bakeries are also facing closure due to fuel shortages.
• Quote: “..” (The Israeli government continues to prevent the entry of aid into the stricken Gaza Strip, which has exacerbated the humanitarian suffering of more than two million displaced Palestinians who remain in the sector…)
• Israeli Airstrikes in Syria: Israeli warplanes reportedly carried out airstrikes targeting radar and weapons systems in southern Syria, considering the presence of such systems a “significant threat.”
• Saudi Arabia’s Position on Syria: Saudi Arabia has closely followed the developments in Syria, expressing its satisfaction with the positive steps taken to preserve the unity of the Syrian people and their capabilities. The Kingdom supports efforts to prevent Syria from sliding into chaos and division, emphasizing the importance of non-interference in its internal affairs. It also condemned Israeli airstrikes in Syria.
• Quote: “” (The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has followed the rapid developments in sisterly Syria and expresses its satisfaction with the positive steps that have been taken to ensure the safety of citizens, prevent bloodshed, and preserve the institutions and capabilities of the Syrian state.)

5. Arts, Culture, and Society:

• Chinese Cinema and Cultural Exchange: The Chinese film “Ne Zha Reborn (2)” has achieved significant success in China and globally, highlighting the concept of family, which resonates with the deeply rooted importance of kinship and responsibilities in Arab culture. Cultural cooperation between China and Saudi Arabia is gaining momentum, with increasing exchanges in traditional arts, language education (Mandarin being introduced in Saudi schools), and cultural events like the “Chinese Lanterns” during Riyadh Season and the Saudi Travel Festival in Beijing.
• Ramadan Preparations and Programming: Saudi television channels are preparing diverse Ramadan programming, aiming to attract viewers during the holy month.
• “Sham Bi Sahha” (Scent of Health) Campaign: A health awareness campaign titled “Sham Bi Sahha” was launched during Ramadan to promote healthy habits, encouraging citizens and residents to walk daily, get enough sleep, and focus on well-being.

6. Sports:

• Saudi Arabia to Host AFC U-17 Asian Cup Finals: The Saudi Arabian Football Federation announced its full readiness to host the finals of the AFC U-17 Asian Cup, following a final inspection visit by the Asian Federation.
• Financial Issues in Football Clubs: Players in some football clubs are reportedly refusing to participate in training due to unpaid salaries, highlighting the financial difficulties faced by some clubs.
• Al-Hilal and Al-Ahli Advance in Asian Champions League: Al-Hilal and Al-Ahli secured their places in the quarter-finals of the AFC Champions League.

This briefing provides a snapshot of the key issues and events covered in the selected articles, reflecting Saudi Arabia’s active role in regional and international affairs, its ongoing domestic development under Vision 2030, and various social, cultural, and economic activities.

Saudi Arabia: Diplomacy, Economy, Culture, and Development

Frequently Asked Questions

• What was the main focus of the Saudi Council of Ministers’ meeting discussed in the article? The main focus of the Saudi Council of Ministers’ meeting was on strengthening international security and stability. This included reviewing the results of discussions with Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, emphasizing the Kingdom’s commitment to supporting international efforts to resolve the crisis in Ukraine and achieve lasting peace. The council also welcomed the start of talks between the United States and Ukraine, highlighting the Kingdom’s role in fostering dialogue given its balanced relationships with various parties.
• What economic developments were highlighted in the Saudi Council of Ministers’ report? The report highlighted a rise in the industrial production index, underscoring the effectiveness of the national industrial strategy. It also noted positive growth rates in major projects under Vision 2030 during 2024, reflecting the Kingdom’s progress in implementing national programs and strategies. Furthermore, the strong economic ties between Saudi Arabia and Ukraine were emphasized, with a 9% growth in trade volume in 2024, and both countries welcomed the re-establishment of the joint business council in 2025.
• What role is Saudi Arabia playing in the Ukraine crisis, according to the article? Saudi Arabia is actively involved in seeking a resolution to the Ukraine crisis through diplomacy and humanitarian aid. The Kingdom welcomed and hosted discussions between the US and Ukraine, leveraging its balanced international relations to promote dialogue. It has also provided humanitarian assistance to Ukraine, totaling $410 million, including relief supplies and petroleum products. Notably, the mediation efforts of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in 2022 led to a prisoner exchange agreement between Russia and Ukraine.
• What is the significance of ” يوم العلم ” (National Flag Day) in Saudi Arabia? “يوم العلم” (National Flag Day) is a significant annual celebration in Saudi Arabia that honors the nation’s flag as a symbol of its sovereignty, unity, cohesion, and national identity. The flag’s history dates back to the establishment of the first Saudi state in 1727 and has evolved through different periods. The current form, adopted during the reign of King Abdulaziz in 1932, features the green color symbolizing Islam and peace, the شهادة التوحيد (Shahada) representing the foundation of the state’s Islamic identity, and a sword symbolizing strength, justice, and chivalry, beneath which a palm tree was later added to represent prosperity and sustainability. The day serves as a reminder of the Kingdom’s historical journey, from its unification to its modern renaissance under Vision 2030.
• What initiative was launched in Saudi Arabia to promote a healthy lifestyle during Ramadan? The “شم ب صحة” (Smell Health) campaign was launched as an innovative initiative to promote a healthy lifestyle during the month of Ramadan. Collaborating with the Public Health Holding Company, the campaign aimed to shift the perception of Ramadan from just a month of abstinence to one of health and activity. It included various activities such as health checks, encouraging daily walking, ensuring adequate sleep, electronic workshops, interactive content, health challenges, and a smart application providing personalized dietary plans and exercise schedules.
• What is the Saudi Building Code Center, and what is its purpose? The Saudi Building Code Center is a newly established entity, transformed from the National Committee for the Saudi Building Code. Its purpose is to enhance performance and efficiency in the building and construction sector by implementing and updating the Saudi Building Code, establishing a building code academy, and fostering research and development in this field. This initiative aims to improve the quality of construction, enhance infrastructure sustainability, and align with the goals of Vision 2030.
• What challenges and developments are occurring in the digital media landscape, as mentioned in the article? The article highlights the overwhelming influx of digital content through various platforms, shaping the awareness and interests of future generations. It raises the critical question of discerning purposeful and impactful content that contributes to the building and development of societies and values.
• What cultural exchanges and diplomatic anniversaries were noted between China and Saudi Arabia? The article mentions the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia, which coincides with the cultural year between the two countries. This milestone is marked by increasing cultural exchanges, including the growing popularity of learning the Chinese language in Saudi Arabia, the inclusion of Chinese in some educational curricula, and cultural events such as the “Island of Wonders: China-Saudi Arabia Exhibition” in Beijing’s Imperial Palace Museum and Chinese performances during Riyadh Season. Additionally, the “Meeting of Artists on the Silk Road” initiative facilitates artistic exchange between Chinese and Arab artists. The legislative and advisory bodies in China emphasized the importance of deepening cultural and popular exchanges with Saudi Arabia and the world, and China proposed the Global Civilization Initiative to promote respect for diverse civilizations and enhance cultural exchanges.

Saudi Arabia’s Role in International Security and Peace

The sources highlight Saudi Arabia’s significant and active role in promoting international security through various diplomatic and political efforts.

Saudi Arabia’s Leading Role in Global Security and Peace:

• The Kingdom is described as having a pioneering role in strengthening global security and peace.
• This role is attributed to the directives of the Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
• Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy is based on a clear vision and is guided by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz.
• The Kingdom’s balanced relationships with friendly countries enable it to achieve common goals and interests.
• Saudi Arabia works on finding just and peaceful solutions to various Arab and Islamic issues.
• As a founding member of the United Nations, the Kingdom contributes to its programs and goals, aiming to achieve international peace.
• Saudi Arabia is considered and continues to be part of the factors of stability and world peace.
• The high international trust in the King and the Crown Prince facilitates the Kingdom’s ability to bridge the views of conflicting parties.

Efforts in Resolving International Conflicts:

• The Kingdom hosted talks between the United States and Ukraine in Jeddah, demonstrating its commitment to finding a peaceful resolution to the Ukrainian crisis.
• These talks reflect the Kingdom’s ongoing efforts and initiatives since the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis, in coordination and consultation with concerned parties.
• The choice of Saudi Arabia as the host reflects the international appreciation for the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince, as well as the Kingdom’s ability to bring different viewpoints closer.
• Saudi Arabia has long been a key destination for resolving global crises, having previously brought together leaders from the United States, Russia, and Ukraine to discuss peaceful solutions.
• The Kingdom sees dialogue as the only way to find a peaceful solution to the Ukrainian crisis that enhances global security and stability.
• The Crown Prince successfully mediated a prisoner exchange agreement between Russia and Ukraine in 2022.

Supporting Regional Stability and Sovereignty:

• The Kingdom has expressed its rejection of calls for the displacement of Palestinians.
• Saudi Arabia fully supports the unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Syria.
• The Council of Ministers commended the Syrian leadership’s steps towards achieving national reconciliation and stability.
• The Kingdom welcomed the signing of an agreement regarding the integration of all civilian and military institutions in northeastern Syria into the Syrian state institutions.
• The Kingdom lauded the Syrian leadership’s measures to achieve national peace in Syria and the efforts to complete the process of building state institutions.
• Russia also views a united and prosperous Syria as crucial for regional stability and is in contact with other nations regarding the situation.
• A statement emphasizes the need for the Syrian people to unite to face their enemies and support their government’s efforts for security, peace, and stability.

Addressing Humanitarian Concerns and Condemning Actions that Threaten Security:

• The Kingdom has strongly condemned Israel’s cutting off of electricity to the Gaza Strip.
• Saudi Arabia reiterated its categorical rejection of Israeli violations of international humanitarian law.
• The Kingdom demands immediate international action to restore electricity and the flow of aid to the Gaza Strip without conditions.
• It also calls for activating international accountability mechanisms for these serious violations.

International Cooperation for Security:

• The Crown Prince reviewed strategic cooperation with the US Secretary of Defense, Lloyd Austin, and discussed regional developments and joint efforts to enhance regional and international security and stability.
• The Kingdom emphasizes strengthening partnerships with international organizations in various fields.

In summary, the sources clearly illustrate Saudi Arabia’s proactive and multifaceted approach to international security. This involves high-level diplomacy in hosting crucial talks, consistent support for the sovereignty and stability of neighboring nations, strong condemnation of actions that undermine humanitarian principles and regional peace, and active engagement in international cooperation to foster a more secure global environment.

Absence of Industrial Production Discussion

Based on the sources and our conversation history, there is no direct discussion or information regarding industrial production.

Our previous conversation focused on international security and Saudi Arabia’s role in maintaining it [Me, You]. The current source material primarily deals with political discussions, humanitarian aid, international relations (specifically Saudi Arabia’s role in various global issues like the Ukrainian crisis and the situation in Gaza), the Saudi National Flag, and some local news and cultural events.

Therefore, I cannot provide a discussion on industrial production based on the information available in the sources or our prior conversation.

Saudi Arabia’s Bilateral Relations and Diplomatic Efforts

Based on the sources, Saudi Arabia engages in various bilateral relations with other countries, focusing on cooperation, mutual interests, and addressing regional and international issues.

Here are some specific examples of bilateral relations discussed in the sources:

• Saudi Arabia and Ukraine: The sources highlight significant bilateral engagement between Saudi Arabia and Ukraine.
• A session of talks was held with the participation of high-ranking officials from both countries, as well as the United States, to discuss resolving the crisis in Ukraine.
• These talks in Jeddah reflect Saudi Arabia’s ongoing efforts and initiatives since the start of the Ukrainian crisis.
• The Saudi side expressed its hope for the success of efforts to end the crisis in Ukraine, in accordance with international law and the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity.
• The Ukrainian side expressed its appreciation for Saudi Arabia’s efforts in this regard and gratitude for the aid provided by the Kingdom.
• Discussions between the two countries also covered cooperation in the fields of oil, gas, petrochemicals, agriculture, food industries, and food security, with a welcome for the expansion of the private sector’s role.
• Military and defense cooperation and its development were also discussed.
• Saudi Arabia and the United States: Bilateral relations with the United States are also evident.
• The US participated in the talks held by Saudi Arabia regarding the Ukrainian crisis. This indicates a level of coordination and shared interest in the matter.
• The Crown Prince reviewed strategic cooperation with the US Secretary of Defense, Lloyd Austin, and discussed regional developments and joint efforts to enhance security and stability [Me, You].
• Saudi Arabia and Turkey: The Turkish Minister of National Defense, Yasar Guler, was received in Saudi Arabia, and bilateral relations between the “brotherly countries” were reviewed. Discussions also included exploring cooperation in the military and defense fields, regional and international developments, and efforts to achieve security and stability.
• Saudi Arabia and the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC): There is a mention of a potential memorandum of understanding for cooperation in the field of knowledge and publishing between the King Fahd National Library in Saudi Arabia and the General Secretariat of the GCC. This suggests efforts to strengthen cultural and intellectual ties within the Gulf region.
• Saudi Arabia and the Arab Administrative Development Organization: A potential memorandum of understanding in the field of training between the Ministry of Civil Service in Saudi Arabia and the Arab Administrative Development Organization is under discussion. This indicates a focus on developing administrative capabilities within the Arab world.
• Saudi Arabia and China: The sources briefly mention cultural cooperation between China and the Arab world, noting that such exchanges contribute to the flourishing of global culture and the promotion of understanding between civilizations.
• Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, and GCC Leaders: The Crown Prince’s invitation to the leaders of Egypt, Jordan, and the GCC for a meeting suggests a focus on a unified stance on regional issues and the avoidance of further conflicts.

The sources emphasize Saudi Arabia’s commitment to strengthening its relations with friendly countries in a way that contributes to achieving common goals and interests. The Kingdom’s active role in hosting talks and engaging in discussions across various sectors demonstrates its dedication to fostering positive bilateral ties for regional and international benefit.

Saudi National Campaigns: Joud Regions and Stem with Health

Based on the sources, there are mentions of at least two national campaigns in Saudi Arabia: the “Joud Regions” campaign and the “Stem with Health” campaign.

The “Joud Regions” Campaign:

• This campaign was launched by His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Nayef, the Governor of the Eastern Province, and his working team led by Fahd M. Al-Jubairi.
• The campaign aimed to foster a spirit of contribution and solidarity within the Eastern Province.
• Prince Saud bin Nayef called on the people of the Eastern Province to donate to the campaign based on their capabilities, whether they were affluent individuals or business leaders. He emphasized that even small contributions are significant.
• The campaign aimed to achieve stability for housing and was supported by the wise leadership, various sectors (public, private, and non-profit), and individuals.
• Fahd Al-Jubairi noted that this was not the first version of the campaign and that previous versions had contributed to achieving housing stability. He expressed thanks and gratitude to all sectors for their cooperation and participation in the campaign’s success in the Eastern Province.
• The success of the campaign is seen as an extension of the characteristics of Saudi society, which is marked by solidarity and mutual support, as highlighted by Prince Saud bin Nayef.

The “Stem with Health” Campaign:

• This campaign is described as different and unique due to its integration of digital interaction with social media.
• It utilized rich visual content across platforms and reached millions of users.
• Smart applications were used to measure the interactive bodily and health experience and track steps.
• This made the activity engaging and motivating, with a wide impact across different age groups, including children, youth, and the elderly, who participated in the 40 health and activity challenges.
• Notably, approximately 30% of the participants were over the age of 60.

While the “Joud Regions” campaign is specifically mentioned within the context of the Eastern Province, the call for contributions from all who are able and its aim to address a fundamental need like housing stability suggest a scale and impact that align with the idea of a national effort implemented regionally. The “Stem with Health” campaign, with its nationwide digital reach and impact across various demographics, is clearly a national campaign focused on health and wellness.

Saudi Arabia: Emerging Themes of a National Vision

While the provided sources do not explicitly use the term “Saudi Vision” or delve into a detailed exposition of its tenets, they offer considerable insights into the Kingdom’s current priorities, long-term objectives, and guiding principles across various domains. These elements strongly suggest the underlying themes and directions of a comprehensive national vision.

Based on the sources, key aspects that align with a potential “Saudi Vision” include:

• Global Leadership in Peace and Security: Saudi Arabia actively positions itself as a pivotal player in fostering international peace and security. This is demonstrated by its hosting of high-level talks, such as the US-Ukraine discussions in Jeddah, and its consistent efforts to mediate and de-escalate conflicts. The Kingdom’s commitment to finding peaceful solutions to international crises and its high international standing are crucial components of this global leadership ambition.
• Regional Stability and Unity: A strong emphasis is placed on the stability and unity of the region, particularly concerning Arab and Islamic nations. The Kingdom’s firm rejection of calls for the displacement of Palestinians and its unwavering support for the unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Syria exemplify this commitment. The welcoming of the integration agreement in Syria and the commendation of Syrian leadership’s steps towards national reconciliation indicate a vision for a stable and unified regional landscape.
• Upholding Humanitarian Principles and Justice: Saudi Arabia consistently voices its condemnation of actions that violate international humanitarian law, such as Israel’s blockade and cutting off of essential supplies to Gaza. The demand for immediate humanitarian access and the activation of accountability mechanisms reflect a commitment to justice and the well-being of affected populations, aligning with broader ethical and humanitarian goals likely embedded in a national vision.
• Strengthening International Partnerships: The sources highlight active engagement in bilateral relations across various sectors. Discussions on strategic cooperation with the United States in defense, exploring military and defense cooperation with Turkey, and potential collaborations with the GCC and the Arab Administrative Development Organization point towards a strategy of building strong international alliances to achieve shared objectives. The Crown Prince’s engagement with leaders from Egypt, Jordan, and the GCC further underscores the importance of regional coordination.
• National Identity and Heritage: The extensive coverage of “يوم العلم” (National Flag Day) and the symbolism of the Saudi flag emphasizes the significance of national identity, unity, and historical heritage. The respect accorded to the flag and its deep-rooted meaning reflect core national values that would undoubtedly form part of a long-term vision. Furthermore, initiatives like the project to renovate historical mosques indicate a commitment to preserving the Kingdom’s rich cultural and Islamic heritage.
• Societal Development and Well-being: The national campaigns like “جود المناطق” (Joud Regions), aimed at fostering community solidarity and addressing social needs, and “صم بصحة” (Stem with Health), focused on promoting health and well-being through digital engagement, demonstrate national-level initiatives geared towards improving the quality of life for citizens. The emphasis on “المحتوى الهادف” (purposeful content) for building a conscious and developed society suggests a focus on intellectual and cultural growth as part of national progress.

In conclusion, while the term “Saudi Vision” is not explicitly elaborated upon in these sources, the consistent themes of international leadership, regional stability, commitment to justice and humanitarian principles, strong international partnerships, emphasis on national identity and heritage, and a focus on societal development strongly indicate the underlying directions and priorities of a comprehensive national vision aimed at positioning Saudi Arabia as a significant and influential global player while ensuring the progress and well-being of its people and the wider region.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These articles from the Al Riyadh newspaper cover a variety of topics, with a significant focus on Saudi Arabia’s celebration of its national Flag Day, highlighting its historical significance and cultural importance. The sources also report on various local and international events, including sports news, cultural initiatives like the Saudi Film Festival and King Abdulaziz Library’s efforts to empower women, and regional developments such as humanitarian aid in Jordan and Tanzania, and the ongoing situations in Palestine and Syria. Furthermore, there are articles discussing economic trends, specifically fluctuations in oil prices, and social initiatives, such as mosque renovations and efforts to combat animal cruelty. Finally, some articles provide local news and features related to Ramadan activities and market developments in Saudi cities.

The Saudi National Flag: A Symbol of Unity and History – Study Guide

I. Core Concepts and Significance:

• Historical Roots: Trace the origins of the Saudi flag back to the establishment of the First Saudi State in 1727 and its connection to the Islamic call for unity.
• Religious Symbolism: Explain the meaning and significance of the Shahada (“There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”) as the central element of the flag.
• The Sword: Describe the addition of the sword and its symbolism of justice and strength. Note the direction of the sword’s blade.
• Color Significance: Detail the meaning and importance of the green color of the flag in Islamic tradition and its representation of growth and prosperity.
• National Identity: Analyze how the flag serves as a powerful emblem of Saudi national identity, unity, pride, and belonging for its citizens, both within the Kingdom and abroad.
• Evolution of the Flag: Outline the key changes and modifications the flag has undergone throughout the history of the Saudi states, including the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud.
• Respect and Protocol: Explain the regulations and restrictions surrounding the use and display of the Saudi flag, emphasizing the prohibition of lowering or disrespecting it due to its sacred inscription.
• International Representation: Describe the role of the flag in representing the Kingdom in international forums, embassies, and diplomatic events, highlighting its significance in asserting sovereignty and projecting influence.
• Cultural Influence: Discuss how the flag has become a source of inspiration in Saudi culture, poetry, and artistic expression, embodying national sentiments and values.
• Modern Significance: Understand the contemporary relevance of the flag as a symbol of the Kingdom’s enduring values, historical depth, and aspirations for the future, as reflected in Vision 2030.

II. Key Events and Figures:

• 1727: Establishment of the First Saudi State and the early use of a green flag with the Shahada.
• Imam Muhammad bin Saud: His role in establishing the First Saudi State and the initial flag.
• 1744: Date associated with the consolidation of the First Saudi State and its religious mission.
• King Abdulaziz Al Saud: His crucial role in unifying the Kingdom and the modifications made to the flag during his reign, including the addition and positioning of the sword.
• 1902: King Abdulaziz’s recapture of Riyadh and the raising of the Shahada flag with a new addition.
• 1926: Unification of Hejaz and the return to a rectangular green flag with the white Shahada.
• 1932: Official establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the adoption of the current flag design.
• 1357 AH (1938 AD): Formal regulations issued by King Abdulaziz concerning the raising of the Saudi flag.
• 1393 AH / 1973 AD: Official system of the flag issued, specifying its dimensions and details.
• Ali al-Qarni and Rayanah Barnawi: Their 2023 space mission and raising of the Saudi flag in space.

III. Quiz:

1. What is the central inscription on the Saudi national flag and what does it signify?
2. Describe the symbolism of the sword on the Saudi flag and when it was formally added.
3. Why is the Saudi flag always green, and what does this color traditionally represent?
4. Explain why the Saudi flag is never flown at half-mast, even during periods of national mourning.
5. How did King Abdulaziz Al Saud contribute to the evolution of the Saudi national flag during his reign?
6. What is the historical significance of the year 1727 in relation to the Saudi national flag?
7. In what ways does the Saudi national flag represent the national identity and unity of Saudi Arabia?
8. Describe the protocol that Saudi embassies follow regarding the display of the national flag in foreign countries.
9. How has the Saudi national flag served as a source of inspiration in Saudi poetry and culture?
10. What is the significance of the Saudi flag being raised at international conferences and summits?

IV. Quiz Answer Key:

1. The central inscription is the Shahada: “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” It is the fundamental declaration of Islamic faith and signifies the religious foundation of the Kingdom.
2. The sword symbolizes justice, strength, and the defense of the Islamic faith and the nation. A single sword below the Shahada was formally added by King Abdulaziz Al Saud to represent a new era of unity and sovereignty.
3. The Saudi flag is always green because green is a color of great significance in Islam, often associated with Paradise, growth, and prosperity. It also historically represented the banners of early Islamic states.
4. The Saudi flag is never flown at half-mast because the Shahada inscribed upon it is considered sacred and must always be flown at its full height as a sign of respect for the Islamic creed.
5. King Abdulaziz Al Saud played a key role in the flag’s evolution by standardizing its design. He initially used a square green flag with the Shahada and a sword, later adopting the rectangular shape and the specific positioning of the sword below the Shahada.
6. The year 1727 marks the establishment of the First Saudi State. The sources indicate that a green flag bearing the Shahada was used during this early period, signifying the foundational link between the flag and the origins of the Saudi nation.
7. The Saudi flag embodies national identity by visually representing the Kingdom’s core values: Islam, unity, justice, and historical heritage. It serves as a focal point for national pride and a symbol of belonging for all Saudi citizens.
8. Saudi embassies around the world raise the Saudi flag prominently to symbolize the Kingdom’s sovereignty, independence, and diplomatic presence. It underscores Saudi Arabia’s standing and influence on the international stage.
9. The Saudi national flag has inspired numerous expressions of national sentiment in Saudi poetry and culture, serving as a potent symbol of patriotism, loyalty to the leadership, and the nation’s historical journey.
10. Raising the Saudi flag at international conferences and summits confirms the Kingdom’s presence and influence as a significant political and economic power on the global stage, reflecting its active participation in international affairs and organizations.

V. Essay Format Questions:

1. Analyze the evolution of the Saudi national flag from the establishment of the First Saudi State to its current design, discussing the key historical events and symbolic changes that shaped its form and meaning.
2. Evaluate the significance of the religious symbolism embedded in the Saudi national flag, particularly the Shahada, and discuss how this symbolism influences national identity, values, and international relations.
3. Discuss the ways in which the Saudi national flag serves as a unifying symbol for the diverse population of Saudi Arabia, both within the Kingdom and among Saudis living abroad, considering its historical, religious, and cultural resonance.
4. Examine the regulations and cultural protocols surrounding the use and display of the Saudi national flag, explaining the rationale behind these rules and their importance in upholding the flag’s sanctity and national significance.
5. Assess the role of the Saudi national flag in representing the Kingdom on the international stage, particularly in diplomatic relations, international organizations, and global events, and discuss how it projects Saudi Arabia’s image and influence.

VI. Glossary of Key Terms:

• Shahada: The Islamic declaration of faith: “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” It is the central tenet of Islam and the inscription on the Saudi flag.
• Tawhid: The concept of the oneness of God in Islam. The Shahada is a declaration of Tawhid.
• Sovereignty: Supreme power or authority; in this context, the flag symbolizes the Kingdom’s independent authority and control over its territory and affairs.
• National Identity: A sense of belonging to a nation, sharing common values, culture, history, and often language. The flag is a key visual representation of this identity.
• Allegiance (Wala’): Loyalty and devotion to the leadership and the nation, a sentiment deeply connected to the national flag.
• Unity (Talahum/Wahda): The state of being united or joined as a whole. The flag symbolizes the unification of the different regions into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Justice (Adl): Fairness and moral integrity, symbolized by the sword on the flag.
• Strength (Quwwa): The capacity to exert force or resist opposition, also symbolized by the sword.
• Historical Depth (Al-Umq al-Tarikh): The long and significant history of the Saudi state, reflected in the evolution of the flag.
• National Pride (Iftikhar bil-Hawiyya al-Wataniyya): A feeling of satisfaction and esteem associated with one’s national identity, often evoked by the sight of the national flag.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts (March 11, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes and important ideas presented in the provided excerpts from the March 11, 2025 issue of the Saudi Arabian newspaper “Al Riyadh.” The analysis focuses on key events, social and cultural discussions, economic updates, international relations, and sports news highlighted in the selected articles.

1. National Identity and “Flag Day”

• Theme: The prominent theme across several articles is the significance of the Saudi national flag, particularly in commemoration of “Flag Day.” The flag is presented as a deeply symbolic representation of national unity, the Islamic faith, historical roots, and the Kingdom’s values.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Flag Day commemorates the establishment of the first Saudi state in 1139 AH (1727 AD), rooted in the values of unity and Islam.
• The flag’s green color, the “Shahada” (declaration of faith: “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”), and the sword symbolize unity, justice, strength, and the Kingdom’s historical journey.
• The current design of the flag was officially adopted in 1393 AH (1973 AD), featuring a green rectangle, the “Shahada” in white, and a drawn sword beneath it pointing towards the flagstaff.
• The flag’s history traces back to the banner of the first Saudi state, which was green with the “Shahada.” The sword was later added during the reign of King Abdulaziz to symbolize strength and justice during the unification of the Kingdom.
• The flag is more than just a symbol; it embodies national identity, sovereignty, and a rich history. As stated, “The Saudi flag is not just a flag waving in the sky, but a deep-rooted and noble message that carries within it the identity of faith, sovereignty, and ancient history.”
• There are strict regulations regarding the use and handling of the flag to preserve its sanctity and respect. “The Ministry of Interior has previously warned against prohibitions on the use of the flag of the Kingdom, including: raising the flag of the Kingdom faded or in a bad condition, when it becomes old from use that does not permit its continued use.”
• The flag is a source of pride for Saudi citizens, representing their belonging, love, and loyalty to the leadership and the nation. “Every citizen, male and female, cherishes in their hearts the flag bearing the ‘Shahada of Tawhid,’ taking pride in the national identity, and expressing feelings of cohesion, love, and loyalty stemming from the spirit of belonging and allegiance to the leadership and the homeland.”

2. International Relations and Diplomacy

• Theme: The excerpts touch upon Saudi Arabia’s active role in international diplomacy, particularly in the Middle East and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Meeting with Ukrainian President: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman received Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Jeddah, underscoring the Kingdom’s interest in peace efforts. Zelenskyy acknowledged Saudi Arabia’s “pivotal role” in the Middle East and the world.
• Diplomatic Presence: The Saudi flag is raised high at Saudi embassies worldwide, symbolizing the Kingdom’s sovereignty, independence, and diplomatic presence on the international stage. “In all parts of the world, Saudi embassies raise the Saudi flag high to be a witness to the Kingdom’s sovereignty and independence, reflecting its diplomatic presence and confirming its strength and standing on the international arena.”
• Role in International Organizations: The Saudi flag is present at international conferences and summits of organizations such as the United Nations (UN), G20, Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), highlighting the Kingdom’s influence as a political and economic power.
• Humanitarian Aid: The Saudi flag serves as a symbol of hope and trust in humanitarian aid efforts. Dr. Khalid Al-Subaan of the “Amal” volunteer program noted that the presence of the Saudi flag reassures beneficiaries and enhances the sense of responsibility among Saudi volunteers, projecting a positive national image internationally.

3. Cultural Significance and the Arts

• Theme: The excerpts explore the deep cultural significance of the national flag and the role of art, particularly poetry and cinema, in reflecting and promoting national identity.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Flag in Poetry: Saudi poetry is rich with verses expressing national belonging, pride, and loyalty, often featuring the flag as a central symbol. “The Saudi flag is considered a symbol of identity and homeland, while poetry is a mirror for expressing feelings, and therefore we find that national poems carry many verses that express feelings of belonging, pride, and many deep meanings…”
• Cinema and National Identity: The Saudi film festival, with the theme “Stories Seen and Told,” aims to showcase cinematic creations and highlight Saudi stories, reflecting the Kingdom’s cultural identity. The festival saw significant participation, indicating a growing interest in filmmaking.
• Preservation of Heritage: There is a recognition of the importance of preserving and showcasing Saudi Arabia’s rich history and heritage through various initiatives, including the development of historical mosques and the focus on authentic details in Ramadan cultural events.

4. Economic Updates and Investment

• Theme: The excerpts provide a glimpse into economic trends, investment strategies, and the oil market.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Stock Market Performance: The Saudi stock market experienced a decline, marking its lowest closing since the beginning of December 2024. Analysts advise investors to stay informed, diversify their portfolios, and focus on companies with strong fundamentals.
• Oil Market Volatility: Oil prices declined due to concerns about slowing global demand, the impact of US customs duties on China, and increased production from OPEC+. There is continued volatility expected in the oil market.
• Investment in Qassim Region: A meeting reviewed the investment strategy in the Qassim region, emphasizing partnerships between the public and private sectors to achieve sustainable development in line with Vision 2030.
• “Alec” Company’s Growth: The construction and contracting company “Alec” reported significant annual growth in revenue and workforce, reflecting its strategic expansion in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

5. Social Initiatives and Community Development

• Theme: The excerpts highlight various social initiatives focused on community service, supporting people with disabilities, and preserving Islamic values.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Philanthropic Efforts: The Al-Fawzan family is recognized for their extensive charitable work, including supporting social programs, mosque architecture, and establishing centers for autism and comprehensive rehabilitation.
• Support for People with Visual Impairments: A successful conclusion of the Ramadan Games for the Visually Impaired was reported, demonstrating the Kingdom’s commitment to inclusivity and sports for all.
• Distribution of Quran Copies: Thousands of copies of the Holy Quran were distributed to Umrah pilgrims at King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, reflecting the Kingdom’s dedication to serving pilgrims.
• Development of Historical Mosques: A project led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman aims to develop historical mosques across the Kingdom, preserving their architectural heritage and religious significance in line with Vision 2030’s focus on cultural heritage.

6. Sports News

• Theme: The sports section covers local and international football competitions, rallying events, and achievements of Saudi athletes.
• Key Ideas/Facts:AFC Champions League: Al-Nassr secured a spot in the quarter-finals of the AFC Champions League, while Al-Taawoun is aiming to advance. Al-Ahli Jeddah is also competing.
• European Football: Liverpool gained an advantage in their Champions League tie against Paris Saint-Germain, while Bayern Leverkusen faces a tough challenge against Bayern Munich.
• Rally Dakar: Saudi rally champion Yazeed Al-Rajhi proudly raised the national flag at the Dakar Rally 2025.
• Achievements of Saudi Athletes: Saudi athletes have achieved significant success in various Asian Games, winning numerous medals and raising the national flag on international podiums. The flag is seen as a symbol and motivator for all Saudi athletes. “The flag is in the core of every athlete, but it is a symbol and a great motivator for all athletes during their participation in international and continental championships, and at all levels and in all sports, for raising the flag on the podium remains the dream of every athlete and a goal that everyone aspires to…”

7. Other Notable Points:

• Kafrit Agreement: A proposed bill in the Israeli Knesset aims to cancel the Oslo Accords, a development with potential implications for the Palestinian territories.
• Humanitarian Situation in Gaza: Concerns are raised about the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza following the cutting of electricity supply by Israel.
• Increased European Reliance on US Arms: European countries are increasingly relying on US arms imports, driven by the desire to strengthen their defense capabilities.
• Critique of Ramadan Drama Series: An opinion piece critiques some Saudi Ramadan drama series for prioritizing visual spectacle over strong narratives and historical accuracy, potentially alienating discerning viewers.

Conclusion:

The selected excerpts from “Al Riyadh” on March 11, 2025, present a snapshot of a dynamic Saudi Arabia actively engaged on multiple fronts. The commemoration of “Flag Day” underscores the deep significance of national identity and unity. The Kingdom continues to play a notable role in regional and international affairs, while also focusing on cultural preservation, economic diversification, and social development in line with its Vision 2030. The sports section highlights the achievements and aspirations of Saudi athletes, further contributing to national pride. Overall, the newspaper conveys a sense of national pride, progress, and engagement with both domestic and global issues.

Saudi National Flag: Symbolism and Significance

Frequently Asked Questions about the Saudi National Flag

1. What is the significance of the Saudi National Flag and when did its origins begin? The Saudi National Flag is a deeply significant symbol of national identity, sovereignty, historical depth, and religious commitment for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Its origins trace back to 1727, coinciding with the establishment of the first Saudi state. The flag is rooted in the value of the nation’s knowledge and commemorates the unity and Islamic principles upon which the state was founded.
2. How has the design of the Saudi National Flag evolved throughout history? The flag’s design has evolved over the centuries alongside the establishment and unification of the Saudi states. The first Saudi flag during the first Saudi state was green with the words “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah” inscribed on it. Later, during the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud, a sword was added below the inscription, symbolizing strength and justice. The flag became rectangular and its dimensions were standardized in 1973.
3. What are the key elements of the current Saudi National Flag and what do they symbolize? The current Saudi National Flag is a green rectangle with a width equal to two-thirds of its length. Across the center is the Islamic creed, the shahada (“There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”) written in white in Thuluth script. Below the shahada is a white, unsheathed sword pointing towards the hoist (flagpole) with its hilt facing downwards. The green color symbolizes growth, vitality, and prosperity. The shahada represents the foundational Islamic belief of the kingdom. The sword embodies justice, strength, and the sacrifices made to unify and defend the nation.
4. Why is the Saudi National Flag treated with such high respect, and what are some prohibitions regarding its use? The Saudi National Flag holds a sacred status due to its bearing of the shahada, a fundamental tenet of Islam. This religious significance, combined with its representation of national unity and sovereignty, necessitates utmost respect. Prohibitions include lowering the flag to half-mast (as a sign of mourning), allowing it to touch the ground or water, using it in a worn or faded condition, or any use deemed disrespectful to its symbolic value.
5. Beyond its national symbolism, how does the Saudi Flag function in international contexts such as diplomacy and global organizations? The Saudi National Flag is a powerful tool in Saudi Arabia’s diplomacy and its presence in global organizations. Flown at Saudi embassies worldwide, it signifies the Kingdom’s sovereignty, independence, and diplomatic presence, fostering a sense of belonging for Saudi citizens abroad. Its raising at international conferences and summits, such as the United Nations and the G20, underscores Saudi Arabia’s political and economic influence and its commitment to global issues.
6. What is the significance of ” يوم العلم ” (National Flag Day) in Saudi Arabia? “يوم العلم” (National Flag Day), celebrated on March 11th, marks the historical significance of the Saudi flag and its enduring value to the nation. It commemorates the day the first Saudi state was founded in 1727, highlighting the flag as a symbol of unity, pride in national identity, and the strong bond between the leadership and the people, rooted in loyalty and belonging.
7. How is the Saudi National Flag reflected in Saudi culture, arts, and sports? The Saudi National Flag is deeply ingrained in Saudi culture and serves as a source of inspiration across various domains. In poetry, it evokes strong nationalistic sentiments, loyalty, pride, and belonging. In sports, raising the flag at international competitions is the ultimate aspiration of Saudi athletes, representing national achievement and unity. Even in volunteer work and humanitarian aid, the presence of the Saudi flag fosters a sense of responsibility and pride, reinforcing the Kingdom’s values on a global scale.
8. Can the Saudi National Flag ever be lowered to half-mast, and what is the significance of it being raised in space? Due to the sacred inscription of the shahada, the Saudi National Flag is unique in that it is never lowered to half-mast as a sign of mourning. This unwavering display reflects the enduring principles it represents. The raising of the Saudi flag in outer space in 2023 by Saudi astronauts Ali Al-Qarni and Rayanah Barnawi was a historic moment symbolizing the nation’s ambitions, achievements, and the dedication of its citizens to reach new heights, while still holding their national identity aloft.

Saudi National Flag and Day of the Flag

The sources provided discuss the significance of the Saudi national flag and the designation of March 11th as ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag) in Saudi Arabia. This day, corresponding to the 27th of Dhul Hijjah, 1355 AH (March 11th, 1937 AD), marks the day when the flag was adopted during the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud.

The establishment of ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag) by a royal decree issued on the 9th of Sha’ban, 1444 AH (March 1st, 2023), emphasizes the profound importance of the national flag. It is seen as a manifestation of the state, its power, unity, national cohesion, and sovereignty. The flag serves as a symbol of the Kingdom’s history, which extends back to its foundation in 1139 AH (1727 AD).

The Saudi national flag is unique and highly revered:

• It bears the Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith): ‘لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله’ (There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah). This central tenet of Islam, symbolizing Tawhid (Islamic monotheism), is fundamental to the Kingdom’s foundation.
• Out of deep respect for the Shahada, the Saudi flag is never lowered, even during times of mourning. This distinguishes it from most other national flags.
• Its use for commercial or decorative purposes is prohibited to prevent any unintended disrespect towards the sacred inscription. This underscores its esteemed position and sanctity within Saudi society.

The flag embodies enduring national values, stands as a testament to the unification of the nation, and reflects its Islamic identity. Every Saudi citizen holds the flag with the Shahada in their hearts with pride in their national identity.

In recognition of the flag’s significance, the Ministry of Culture issued a guidance manual for its use following the royal decree that designated March 11th as ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag). This manual details the history of the flag, its applications, protocol, the ‘Saudi Dress of Honor’, and information on other Saudi flags. The establishment of this day and the guidelines for its use highlight the flag’s role as a crucial symbol of national identity and sovereignty.

The Symbolism of the Saudi National Flag

The Saudi national flag holds profound symbolism deeply rooted in the Kingdom’s history, values, and identity. It is far more than just a piece of cloth; it represents the core tenets and aspirations of the Saudi nation.

Key aspects of the flag’s symbolism include:

• The Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith): The inscription “لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله” (There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah) is central to the flag’s meaning [previous turn, 4]. It symbolizes Tawhid (Islamic monotheism), the fundamental principle upon which the Kingdom is founded [previous turn, 6]. The deep respect for this sacred inscription is evident in the fact that the flag is never lowered, even in mourning, a unique characteristic among national flags [4, previous turn].
• Unity: The flag is a “منارة الهوية ورسالة الوحدة” (beacon of identity and message of unity). It has been a “شاهداً على تاريخ المملكة” (witness to the history of the Kingdom) and carries the “مسيرة توحيدها” (journey of its unification). It remains a “رمزاً لوحدة الوطن” (symbol of the nation’s unity).
• National Identity: The Saudi flag “يعد رمزاً أساسياً للهوية الوطنية” (is considered a fundamental symbol of national identity). It reflects the “الهوية السعودية” (Saudi identity) and the meanings of “االنتماء” (belonging) and “الوالء” (loyalty). Seeing the flag abroad evokes a sense of pride and connection to their homeland for Saudi citizens.
• Sovereignty and Power: The flag is a “manifestation of the state, its power, … and sovereignty” [previous turn]. It enjoys “احترام واسع” (wide respect) due to its “رمزيتها الدينية والسيادية” (religious and sovereign symbolism). It also signifies “تحقيق القوة، والعزة، والأنفة” (the achievement of power, honor, and pride).
• Historical Continuity: The flag’s design has remained consistent over the ages, reflecting the “ثبات مبادئها في المملكة” (steadfastness of its principles in the Kingdom) since its establishment. King Abdulaziz’s adoption of his ancestors’ banner as the national flag further underscores this historical link.
• Core Values: The flag embodies enduring national values and the lofty principles upon which the state was founded, including “العدل والتوحيد والقوة” (justice, monotheism, and power), as well as “السلام، والإسلام، والعدل” (peace, Islam, and justice).
• Religious Significance: Beyond the Shahada, the flag’s religious symbolism contributes to its high level of respect, making it “أحد أكثر الأعلام الموقرة عالمياً” (one of the most respected flags globally). It represents the “الوحدة الأساسية للعقيدة” (fundamental unity of creed).
• Respect and Protocol: The prohibition of using the flag for commercial or decorative purposes highlights its sanctity. The traditions surrounding its use, such as never being lowered and swords being brandished under it in military parades, further emphasize its revered status.
• Aspiration and Future: On ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag), the hopes of the nation’s sons for the continuation of the march towards platforms of honor are renewed under the banner of the flag. It is a “راية التوحيد العزة والعلو والمكانة” (banner of monotheism, honor, highness, and status).

In essence, the Saudi national flag serves as a powerful and multifaceted symbol that encapsulates the Kingdom’s foundational religious beliefs, its journey towards unification, its enduring national identity and values, its sovereignty and strength, and its aspirations for the future.

History of the Saudi Arabian Flag

The history of the Saudi flag is deeply intertwined with the establishment and evolution of the Saudi state, dating back several centuries [previous turn, 5].

• Early Origins (circa 1727 AD): The first Saudi flag emerged with the foundation of the first Saudi state in 1139 AH (1727 AD) during the reign of Imam Muhammad bin Saud [5, 29, previous turn]. This early flag was green with a white area near the hoist and a component included. This basic design reportedly carried through the first and second Saudi states.
• The Unification Era under King Abdulaziz: During the period of the modern Kingdom’s establishment, King Abdulaziz Al Saud initially carried a square-shaped green flag. This flag featured the phrase “نصر من الله وفتح قريب” (Victory from Allah and an imminent conquest) inscribed on it, along with a sword underneath. Later, this design was modified to include two crossed swords beneath the Shahada (“لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله“), which was positioned in the center of the green flag. This design persisted until 1926 AD.
• Post-Hijaz Unification (1926 AD): Following the unification of Hijaz, the flag returned to a rectangular shape. It became solid green with the Shahada written in white across its center, without any additional symbols.
• The Modern Flag (1938 AD): The flag underwent its final modification in 1357 AH (1938 AD) during the reign of King Abdulaziz. This is the flag that remains in use today. Its dimensions were set with the width equaling two-thirds of its length. The white Shahada remains in the center, and a white, unsheathed sword is placed below it, with its tip pointing towards the left (fly side) and its hilt towards the bottom (hoist side). This addition of the sword symbolized strength and justice. It’s also noted that King Abdulaziz’s flag was based on the banner of his ancestors.

Throughout these historical developments, the green color has been a constant feature of the Saudi flag. The inclusion of the Shahada from the early stages highlights the foundational Islamic identity of the state [5, 29, previous turn]. The enduring nature of the flag’s core elements reflects the “ثبات مبادئها في المملكة” (steadfastness of its principles in the Kingdom) [8, previous turn]. The current design, finalized in 1938, stands as a powerful “رمزاً لوحدة الوطن وهويته وتاريخه العريق” (symbol of the nation’s unity, identity, and ancient history).

Saudi National Flag Regulations

The Saudi national flag is subject to strict regulations that underscore its sanctity and significance. These regulations aim to prevent any disrespect or misuse of the Kingdom’s most important symbol.

Key regulations regarding the Saudi flag include:

• Prohibition of Lowering (Never Half-Mast): The Saudi flag is never lowered to half-mast, even during periods of mourning [6, 8, 12, previous turn]. This unique regulation is a mark of deep respect for the Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith) it bears.
• Ban on Commercial and Decorative Use: The use of the Saudi flag for commercial, decorative, or advertising purposes is strictly prohibited [6, 9, 12, previous turn]. This is to avoid any unintended disrespect towards the sacred inscription and to maintain the flag’s dignified status. This includes not printing the flag on merchandise such as shoes or carpets.
• Respect in International Settings: The Saudi flag is treated with great care and respect in international events and forums. When displayed alongside other national flags, meticulous attention is paid to ensure no unintended offense occurs.
• Legal Protection: The Saudi flag is protected by strict laws within the Kingdom. Additionally, other nations also adhere to protocols to protect the Saudi flag during official events.
• Proper Display: The national flag is hoisted at all times on all government buildings and public institutions within the Kingdom and at its diplomatic missions abroad, including during official holidays. Considerations of international courtesy are taken into account regarding its use.
• Disposal of Damaged Flags: If a flag becomes faded or is in poor condition, it is not simply discarded. Instead, it must be sent to the official authorities for proper disposal, which involves burning it in a specific procedural manner.
• Guidance Manual for Use: The Ministry of Culture has issued a guidance manual for the proper use of the national flag [11, previous turn]. This manual was created following the royal decree designating March 11th as ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag) and provides comprehensive information on the flag’s history, applications, and protocol.
• Avoiding Disrespectful Contact: It is ensured that the flag does not touch the ground during official events. Similarly, it should not be printed on clothing or products in an inappropriate manner.

These regulations collectively emphasize the profound respect and reverence accorded to the Saudi national flag as a symbol of the nation’s core identity, unity, and faith. The detailed guidelines and legal protections underscore its unique and esteemed position.

The Profound Significance of the Saudi National Flag

The علم (flag), specifically the Saudi national flag, holds immense significance for several profound reasons, as discussed in the sources and our conversation history.

Firstly, the flag’s most prominent feature, the Shahada (“لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله”), imbues it with deep religious significance [previous turn, 4]. This declaration of faith is the cornerstone of Islam and symbolizes Tawhid (Islamic monotheism), the fundamental principle upon which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded [previous turn, 6]. The profound respect for this sacred inscription is underscored by the unique regulation that the Saudi flag is never lowered to half-mast, even in times of mourning [6, 8, 12, previous turn].

Secondly, the flag serves as a powerful symbol of national unity. It is referred to as a “منارة الهوية ورسالة الوحدة” (beacon of identity and message of unity) and a “رمزاً لوحدة الوطن” (symbol of the nation’s unity) [previous turn]. The flag’s history is intertwined with the “مسيرة توحيدها” (journey of its unification), and it stands as a constant reminder of the Kingdom’s cohesion [previous turn].

Thirdly, the علم is a fundamental symbol of Saudi national identity. It “يعد رمزاً أساسياً للهوية الوطنية” (is considered a fundamental symbol of national identity) [previous turn]. For Saudi citizens, seeing the flag, especially abroad, evokes a strong sense of pride (“فخر واعتزاز”) and belonging (“انتماء”) to their homeland [previous turn, 22].

Furthermore, the flag represents the sovereignty and power of the Saudi state [previous turn, previous turn]. It is seen as a “manifestation of the state, its power, … and sovereignty” [previous turn]. Its religious and sovereign symbolism grants it “احترام واسع” (wide respect), both domestically and internationally, making it “أحد أكثر الأعلام الموقرة عالمياً” (one of the most respected flags globally) [7, previous turn].

The history of the Saudi flag reflects the Kingdom’s evolution and the steadfastness of its core principles [6, 8, previous turn]. From its early origins to the final design adopted during the reign of King Abdulaziz in 1938 AD, the consistent presence of the color green and the Shahada highlights the enduring Islamic identity and historical continuity of the nation [previous turn]. King Abdulaziz’s choice to base the flag on the banner of his ancestors further emphasizes this historical connection [8, previous turn].

The strict regulations governing the use of the flag further underscore its significance [previous turn]. The prohibition of commercial and decorative use [6, 9, 12, previous turn], the protocols for its proper display [8, previous turn], and the specific procedures for disposing of damaged flags [8, previous turn] all demonstrate the profound respect and sanctity accorded to it. The issuance of a guidance manual for its use following the designation of March 11th as ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag) highlights its crucial role as a symbol of national identity and sovereignty [11, previous turn]. ‘يوم العلم’ itself serves as a dedicated occasion to celebrate the flag’s value and its representation of the Kingdom’s long history since its foundation in 1727 AD [9, previous turn].

In essence, the Saudi national flag is far more than a mere emblem. It is a deeply revered symbol that encapsulates the Kingdom’s foundational religious beliefs, its journey toward unity, its enduring national identity and values, its sovereignty and strength, its rich history, and its aspirations for the future. It is a powerful representation of what it means to be Saudi.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These Saudi Arabian news excerpts from March 10, 2025, cover a diverse range of topics. A major focus is on Ramadan-related activities, including charitable campaigns exceeding 740 million Riyals, the King’s Iftar program providing meals and dates, and the 18th annual Charity Book Exhibition in Riyadh. Other prominent subjects include economic updates, such as a 1.3% GDP growth, increased cement sales, and Aramco’s oil pricing adjustments. The issue also reports on regional and international affairs, including discussions on Gaza, Ukrainian-American meetings in the Kingdom, and oil market fluctuations. Finally, the sources touch upon local developments like a university achieving top ranking in scientific research, environmental compliance efforts, Ramadan preparations in various cities, and updates in sports leagues.

Study Guide: Saudi Arabia in March 2025

This study guide is designed to help you review your understanding of the provided news excerpts from the Saudi Arabian newspaper Al Riyadh, dated Monday, March 10, 2025 (10 Ramadan 1446 AH).

Quiz: Short Answer Questions

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each, based on the provided source material.

1. What was the main topic of the “Word” column on page 16?
2. What international event related to Ukraine was reportedly going to take place in Jeddah? What were some of the key issues expected to be discussed?
3. What was the reported amount of donations raised so far by the National Campaign for Charitable Work? How was this campaign initiated?
4. According to the article on page 3, what were the two main programs being carried out by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs during Ramadan? How many countries were involved in each?
5. What academic achievement did Prince Sultan University reportedly attain in the 2025 Times Higher Education World University Rankings by Subject? What specific area was highlighted?
6. What government body issued 1289 permits during January and February 2025? What was the purpose of these permits?
7. What historical event related to Mecca is discussed on page 10? What was the immediate outcome of this event?
8. According to Tahani Abdullah Al-Khayal’s article, what significant shift has occurred regarding women in Saudi Arabia since the launch of Vision 2030? What statistics support this claim?
9. What was the overall trend in sales and production for Saudi cement companies during February 2025 compared to February 2024? Which company reportedly had the highest increase in sales?
10. What initiative has the “Tirmim for Development” association in the Makkah region undertaken since 2022? What is their broader goal beyond just housing?

Quiz: Answer Key

1. The “Word” column on page 16 discussed Saudi Arabia’s growing international role and trust in resolving conflicts and crises. It highlighted the Kingdom’s balanced international relations, strategic neutrality, and efforts to establish global peace and stability under the current leadership.
2. A meeting between the United States and Ukraine was reportedly planned to take place in Jeddah. Key issues expected to be discussed included regional security, trade, economic cooperation, the conflict in Ukraine, and collaboration in the energy sector.
3. The National Campaign for Charitable Work reportedly surpassed 740 million riyals in donations. This campaign was launched following the approval of King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud through the “Ihsan” platform.
4. The two main programs were distributing dates to fasting individuals and providing iftar meals. The date distribution program covered 102 countries, while the iftar program served fasting people in 61 countries.
5. Prince Sultan University reportedly achieved the first position in the 2025 Times Higher Education World University Rankings by Subject for the quality of its scientific research. Its performance in this area was noted to be at 90.5%.
6. The National Center for Commitment to the Environment issued 1289 permits during January and February 2025. These permits are essential for facilities to enter the market, ensuring their commitment to environmental standards and work requirements.
7. Page 10 discusses the re-establishment of Umayyad control over Mecca in 73 AH following a decisive battle led by Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf Al-Thaqafi by order of Caliph Abd al-Malik bin Marwan. This marked the beginning of a new phase focused on restoring Umayyad authority and rebuilding Mecca after a period of conflict.
8. Since the launch of Vision 2030, the role of women in Saudi Arabia has reportedly experienced qualitative leaps, moving beyond slogans to a tangible reality. Women’s participation in the labor market increased from 17% in 2017 to 37% in 2023, exceeding expectations.
9. Overall, both sales and production for Saudi cement companies reportedly increased during February 2025 compared to February 2024. “Saudi Cement Company” reportedly had the highest increase in sales at 46%.
10. Since 2022, the “Tirmim for Development” association in the Makkah region has been undertaking a comprehensive approach to develop places and individuals by improving housing for needy families. Their broader goal extends beyond just physical renovation to enhance the social, psychological, and economic stability of these families, aligning with Vision 2030.

Essay Format Questions

Consider the following essay questions and develop a structured argument for each, drawing evidence from the provided source material.

1. Analyze the key aspects of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy as presented in the “Word” column and the report on the US-Ukraine meeting in Jeddah. What principles guide the Kingdom’s international engagements, and what role is it attempting to play in global and regional affairs?
2. Discuss the significance of the National Campaign for Charitable Work and the Ramadan programs of the Ministry of Islamic Affairs in the context of Saudi Arabia’s social and cultural values. How do these initiatives reflect the Kingdom’s leadership’s approach to social responsibility and religious observance?
3. Evaluate the progress and future potential of women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia based on the statistics and perspectives presented in Tahani Abdullah Al-Khayal’s article. What factors have contributed to this progress, and what are the broader implications for Saudi society and its Vision 2030 goals?
4. Examine the economic trends in the Saudi cement sector as reported in the article on page 7. What factors might be influencing these trends, and what do they suggest about the broader economic activity and development within the Kingdom?
5. Discuss the initiatives and objectives of the “Tirmim for Development” association in the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. How does this organization contribute to the Kingdom’s broader goals of sustainable development and improving the quality of life for its citizens?

Glossary of Key Terms

• خادم الحرمين الشريفين (Khadim al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn): Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, a title used by the King of Saudi Arabia signifying his role as the protector of Mecca and Medina.
• ولي العهد (Wali al-‘Ahd): Crown Prince, the designated successor to the King.
• رؤية 2030 (Ru’yah 2030): Vision 2030, a strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia to diversify its economy, develop public service sectors, and position the Kingdom as a global leader.
• قمة الجامعة العربية (Qimmat al-Jami’ah al-‘Arabiyah): Arab League Summit, a meeting of heads of state of the Arab League member countries.
• حملة العمل الخيري (Hamlat al-‘Amal al-Khayri): Charitable Work Campaign, a national initiative to encourage and organize charitable donations and activities.
• التصاريح البيئية (Al-Tasarih al-Bi’iyah): Environmental Permits, official authorizations issued by environmental regulatory bodies for facilities to operate while adhering to environmental standards.
• أمراء مكة (Umara’ Makkah): Princes of Mecca, referring to the historical rulers and governors of the city of Mecca.
• تمكين المرأة (Tamkin al-Mar’ah): Women’s Empowerment, the process of enabling women to have control over their lives and exert influence in society.
• الإسمنت (Al-Ismant): Cement, a basic ingredient of concrete.
• الإفطار السيار (Al-Iftar al-Sayyar): Mobile Iftar, a project providing ready-made meals to travelers at iftar time during Ramadan.
• الرائد (Al-Ra’id): Pioneer, leader, or leading.
• جيولوجي (Jiyuluji): Geological, relating to the study of the Earth’s physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.
• نزوح (Nuzuh): Displacement, the state of being forced to move from one’s home or country.
• المخيمات (Al-Mukhayyamat): Camps, often referring to refugee camps or temporary settlements.
• إعادة الإعمار (I’adat al-I’mar): Reconstruction, the process of rebuilding or restoring something that has been damaged or destroyed.
• المستوطنات (Al-Mustawtanaat): Settlements, often referring to Israeli settlements in occupied Palestinian territories.
• التنمية المستدامة (Al-Tanmiyah al-Mustadamah): Sustainable Development, development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• القطاع الثالث غير الربحي (Al-Qita’ al-Thalith Ghair al-Ribhi): The Third Non-Profit Sector, comprising organizations that are neither government nor for-profit businesses.
• الركود الأخير (Al-Rukud al-Akhir): The Latest Recession, referring to a recent period of economic decline.
• المارد (Al-Marid): The Giant, often used metaphorically to describe a powerful entity or potential.

Saudi Arabia: Global Diplomacy, Charity, and Domestic Progress

Frequently Asked Questions about the Provided News Articles

1. What was the main focus of the Saudi delegation’s meetings and activities mentioned in the articles? The Saudi delegation, led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, focused on international diplomacy and conflict resolution. This included mediating in the Russia-Ukraine crisis by maintaining communication with both Moscow and Kyiv, hosting Ukrainian President Zelenskyy, and preparing for political discussions between the United States and Ukraine in Jeddah. The Kingdom’s efforts aim to achieve lasting peace in the region and globally, reflecting its strategic neutrality and balanced international relations.
2. What was the “National Campaign for Charitable Work” and how much did it raise? The “National Campaign for Charitable Work” in its fifth edition, launched with the approval of King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, is an initiative to support charitable work and its impact on society. It gathers donations from businesspeople, institutions, and individuals through the “Ehsan” platform. In its initial phase, the campaign received donations exceeding 740 million Riyals, with significant contributions from the Crown Prince and other high-ranking officials, demonstrating the leadership’s commitment to philanthropy.
3. What was the outcome of the meeting between Ukrainian and American officials in Saudi Arabia? The articles indicate that a high-level Ukrainian delegation met with an American team in Saudi Arabia for discussions. While the specific outcomes weren’t detailed, the meeting aimed to discuss and agree on necessary decisions and steps regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Expectations suggest potential progress on political dimensions, and the meeting was considered significant for the relations between the participating countries, focusing on regional security, trade, and economic cooperation. Issues like the conflict in Ukraine and energy cooperation were likely on the agenda, potentially leading to new alliances and cooperation.
4. How is Saudi Arabia supporting Muslims internationally during Ramadan, according to the articles? During Ramadan 1446 AH, Saudi Arabia is implementing programs to distribute dates and provide iftar meals to fasting Muslims across three continents. The King’s programs are executed by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, distributing dates in 102 countries and iftar meals in 61 countries. These efforts aim to meet the needs of Muslims globally and reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to supporting them in their religious, social, and community needs. Examples include a handover ceremony in Azerbaijan, providing five tons of dates to over 40,000 beneficiaries, and similar initiatives in Kenya and the Maldives, reaching hundreds of thousands of individuals.
5. What initiatives are being undertaken in Medina during Ramadan to enhance the experience for visitors? The Ministry of Interior is intensifying its efforts to enhance security and manage crowds in the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina during Ramadan 1446 AH. Various security and service sectors are implementing comprehensive plans to ensure the safety of visitors, provide humanitarian support, and offer services. Additionally, the Medina Municipality is enhancing its services by deploying over 8,000 personnel to oversee cleanliness, food safety, and manage street vendors, ensuring a healthy environment for visitors. An innovative “ambulance scooter” service has also been launched to provide rapid medical assistance within the Prophet’s Mosque and its surroundings.
6. How does the article portray the progress of women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia in line with Vision 2030? The article highlights significant advancements in women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia since the launch of Vision 2030. It emphasizes that empowering women is not just an option but a reality reflecting the Kingdom’s ambition to build a modern society that utilizes the potential of all its citizens. The participation of women in the labor market has increased substantially from 17% in 2017 to 37% in 2023, exceeding expectations. Saudi women are now active in various fields and achieving unprecedented accomplishments, driven by a strong political will and continuous support.
7. What were the key points discussed regarding the global oil market and OPEC+ decisions? The articles discuss the volatility and uncertainty in the global oil market, influenced by OPEC+ decisions to increase production and concerns about oversupply amid potentially slowing global economic growth. The impact of potential US tariffs on major oil suppliers and retaliatory tariffs from countries like Canada are also highlighted as factors that could increase energy costs and negatively affect oil prices. Additionally, political efforts to resume oil exports from Iraq through Turkey have faced setbacks. OPEC maintains a forecast for increased global oil demand in 2025 and 2026, while the International Energy Agency suggests demand might peak within the decade due to the transition to cleaner fuels.
8. What are the main developments concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict discussed in the articles, particularly regarding Gaza? The articles detail ongoing efforts to reach a second phase of a ceasefire agreement in Gaza, with Hamas reportedly agreeing to an independent aid committee to manage the Strip. Israel sent a delegation to Doha for further negotiations, despite reports of no significant progress yet. Key sticking points include the release of Israeli hostages and the withdrawal of Israeli forces, while Hamas insists on remaining in control of Gaza, the complete withdrawal of Israeli forces, reconstruction efforts, and financial aid. The situation in the West Bank, particularly East Jerusalem, is also tense, with a significant increase in the demolition of Palestinian homes by Israeli authorities. In Jenin, Israeli military operations have caused casualties and displacement. A controversial proposal by Donald Trump regarding the future of Gaza and its population transfer has been met with regional and international rejection.

Saudi Arabia: Diverse Charitable Initiatives

Based on the provided sources, there is no direct mention of a specific campaign explicitly named “National Charity Campaign”. However, the sources do highlight numerous instances of charitable activities, humanitarian aid, and social support initiatives undertaken in Saudi Arabia. These reflect a broader commitment to charity and helping those in need.

Here are some examples of charitable actions and related concepts mentioned in the sources:

• Humanitarian Aid for Ukraine: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Kingdom expressed its welcome for the planned meeting between the United States and Ukraine in Jeddah. The Kingdom affirmed its continuous efforts to achieve a lasting peace in the Ukrainian crisis and has hosted numerous meetings over the past years. These efforts included providing humanitarian and medical aid, as well as food assistance. This demonstrates the Kingdom’s commitment to peace and stability and providing aid to those affected by conflict.
• Efforts in the Gaza Strip: Saudi Arabia has shown enthusiasm for holding a second phase of negotiations regarding a ceasefire agreement in the Gaza Strip. Hamas expressed its commitment to the terms of the agreement, including the need for aid to enter the sector without restrictions. The Kingdom appears to be supporting efforts towards humanitarian relief in this context.
• Support for Vulnerable Groups: The Prince of Al-Qassim participated in an iftar with orphans and people with disabilities in Buraidah. This act reflects the leadership’s concern for these groups and their well-being.
• Support for the Elderly: A memorandum of understanding was signed between the Al-Qassim Governorate and the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Training to support the Wafa Oasis Association for the Elderly. This aims to enhance cooperation, exchange expertise, and highlight the role of both parties in promoting social responsibility towards the elderly.
• Ramadan Charity: During the month of Ramadan, the Kingdom organizes programs to distribute dates to fasting people in various countries. This initiative, under the patronage of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince, signifies the Kingdom’s care and support for Muslims around the world.
• Charitable Associations: A meeting in Tabuk will include a visual presentation about the achievements of charitable associations in the region during the past year, and will honor the associations that won the Tabuk Charity Award. This indicates the recognition and support for organized charitable efforts within the Kingdom.
• Culture of Giving: The “Ya Habi Lakum” event in the Eastern Province, part of the “Wa Yabqa Atharuhum” initiative, aims to promote a culture of giving and celebrate its pioneers.
• Community Initiatives: The “Markaz Al-Balad Al-Amin” initiative in Mecca aims to enhance the exchange of opinions and experiences to boost investment and development services. While not solely a charity campaign, it fosters collaboration for the betterment of the community.
• Sustainable Development through Charity: One article discusses a developmental project focused on sustainably addressing social issues, including the rehabilitation of dilapidated housing for low-income families. This highlights a strategic approach to charity that aims for lasting impact and social and economic stability. It emphasizes collaboration between various sectors, including government and civil society, to provide comprehensive solutions for beneficiary families.

While these examples showcase a strong tradition of charitable work and various initiatives within Saudi Arabia, the sources do not provide specific details about a unified “National Charity Campaign.” If you have more context or a specific timeframe for this campaign, providing additional sources might help in offering a more precise discussion.

Saudi Arabia Local Product Growth and Economic Diversification

Based on the sources, there is significant information regarding local product growth in Saudi Arabia, particularly focusing on the expansion of non-oil activities and the overall growth of the Kingdom’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

According to the report from the General Authority for Statistics, the real GDP achieved a growth rate of 1.3% during 2024 compared to the previous year. Notably, this growth was driven by a 4.3% increase in non-oil activities and a 2.6% rise in government activities, while oil activities saw a decrease of 4.5%. This highlights a clear trend towards diversification and the growing importance of local, non-oil production.

Looking at quarterly figures, the real GDP grew by 4.5% in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to the same quarter of the previous year, with growth across all economic activities. Specifically, non-oil activities grew by 4.7%, oil activities by 3.4%, and government activities by 2.2% on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of 2024. This consistent growth in non-oil sectors demonstrates a positive trajectory for local product expansion.

The cement sector also provides an example of local market growth. During the first month of 2025, sales of Saudi cement companies in the local market increased by 9.1%. This improvement is attributed to progress in the real estate sector and major projects, aligning with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. Furthermore, cement production rose by about 12.3%, and exports increased by 5.3% during the same month. This indicates a strengthening of the local building materials industry, contributing to overall economic growth.

Saudi Vision 2030 is explicitly mentioned as a driving force behind this economic growth. The report states that the positive growth rates of most economic activities in 2024 are in line with the objectives of Vision 2030 to achieve a prosperous economy reflecting the success of the vision’s programs and major legislative reforms.

The Kingdom’s success in economic diversification is further emphasized. There is a focus on increasing non-oil revenue sources by activating important sectors such as tourism and mining, leveraging the strong digital infrastructure. The growth of the Public Investment Fund’s assets and the increasing contribution of non-oil GDP to the total GDP (from 18.7% in 2016 to 50% in 2023) are concrete indicators of this diversification.

The halal food industry is another area with significant local and global growth potential. The sources discuss the increasing demand for halal products from Muslim consumers living in non-Muslim countries, pushing global markets to cater to these needs. Factors contributing to the global spread of halal food include globalization, ease of trade, increased health and quality awareness among both Muslims and non-Muslims, and the rising number of Muslims worldwide. Future opportunities for the halal food industry include innovation in halal products (such as plant-based options and cosmetics) and halal tourism, suggesting potential for local businesses to capitalize on this growing market.

Furthermore, the achievements of Saudi universities in registering patents and the high quality of scientific research at institutions like Sultan University point towards a growing local capacity for innovation, which is crucial for long-term product development and economic growth.

In summary, the sources indicate a positive trend in local product growth in Saudi Arabia, primarily driven by the expansion of non-oil sectors in line with Vision 2030. This is evident in the overall GDP growth, the strong performance of non-oil activities, the expansion of industries like cement, and the potential of sectors like halal food. The focus on diversification and innovation further supports the prospects for continued local product growth in the Kingdom.

Ramadan Iftar: Charity, Community, and Cuisine

Based on the sources, the concept of Ramadan Iftar Tables is highlighted through various mentions of breaking fast during the holy month.

• Charitable Giving during Ramadan often involves providing iftar. The National Charity Campaign, although not explicitly detailed in the sources [previous conversation], aligns with the spirit of giving seen in Ramadan, which can include supporting iftar for those in need.
• Leaders participate in iftar with vulnerable groups. The Prince of Al-Qassim is mentioned participating in an iftar meal with orphans and people with disabilities, sharing a meal and having fatherly conversations with them. This illustrates the importance of iftar as a communal and caring event, especially for those who may be less fortunate.
• The Kingdom organizes programs to provide iftar internationally. The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques sponsors programs to distribute dates and provide iftar meals to fasting individuals in numerous countries across the globe during Ramadan. This demonstrates a broader commitment to supporting Muslims during Ramadan by facilitating the breaking of their fast.
• Specific foods are strongly associated with the Ramadan iftar table in Saudi Arabia. The samboosa is highlighted as a traditional dish that is essential to the Saudi iftar spread. It is so significant that it is considered an appetizer that never disappears from the Ramadan table, with a proverb even mentioning its importance. This emphasizes the cultural and culinary significance of certain foods during iftar.
• Decorations and symbols signify the arrival of iftar. In Ha’il, the squares are decorated with Ramadan-themed figures, including the Ramadan cannon, symbolizing the time for iftar. This indicates the public recognition and celebration of the time when fasting ends and the iftar meal begins.

In summary, the sources portray Ramadan iftar tables as central to the observance of the holy month, emphasizing charity, community engagement with vulnerable populations, the provision of meals on both local and international levels, the importance of traditional foods, and public signals marking the time for iftar.

East Jerusalem Housing Demolitions: Israeli Policy and Impact

Based on the sources, the discussion of housing demolition policy is specifically focused on the actions taken by Israeli authorities in East Jerusalem. The sources do not contain information about housing demolition policies in general or in Saudi Arabia.

Here’s what the sources indicate regarding housing demolitions in East Jerusalem:

• Demolition as a Tactic of Control: The demolition of Palestinian homes by Israeli authorities is described as a key tactic to control the Palestinian population and alter the demographic structure of occupied Jerusalem. This is linked to efforts to increase the number of Jewish settlers in the area.
• Reasons for Demolition: Demolitions are often carried out under the pretext of building without a permit. However, the Israeli organization “Bimkom” points out that Palestinians are often not permitted to build, contributing to a housing crisis.
• Examples of Demolitions: The sources mention the demolition of the home of Ibrahim Shehadeh and his family in the “Jabal al-Mukaber” neighborhood in East Jerusalem. Shehadeh had been threatened with demolition since 2018 and received a formal demolition order in December 2024. He was given three weeks to evacuate.
• Advancement of Settlement Projects: Simultaneously with demolitions, the Israeli government has advanced plans for new Jewish settlement projects in East Jerusalem, potentially leading to the construction of thousands of new settlement units. These projects were previously stalled but were reportedly revived and legalized following President Trump’s inauguration in 2017.
• International Perspective: The United Nations and the international community consider East Jerusalem occupied territory.
• Consequences of Demolitions: The demolitions are described as part of an ongoing housing crisis for Palestinians in East Jerusalem. The organization “Bimkom” argues that unless fair housing for Palestinians is considered, these demolitions will continue.
• Expansion of Settlements: The Israeli government is actively seeking to expand settlements in East Jerusalem to change the demographic balance in favor of Jewish settlers. Several large settlements surrounding Jerusalem are mentioned.

In summary, the sources highlight that the housing demolition policy discussed is specific to the actions of Israeli authorities in East Jerusalem, viewed as a tactic to control the Palestinian population and expand Jewish settlements in occupied territory. The sources do not provide any information regarding housing demolition policies outside of this specific context.

Saudi Football League, International Players, and Club Privatization

Based on the sources, there is extensive discussion about football league competition, particularly focusing on the Saudi Professional League (“Roshen”). The sources also touch upon the performance of Saudi players in international leagues like the Italian Serie A and the English Premier League, as well as international club competitions like the AFC Champions League.

Here’s a breakdown of the information provided:

Saudi Professional League (“Roshen”):

• The competition in the Saudi Professional League (“Roshen”) is described as intense, with closely positioned teams at the top.
• After the fourth round, the league was considered exciting, with many expecting a strong contender for the title.
• Al-Ittihad, led by star player Karim Benzema, showed strong performance, leading for several rounds and reaching a nine-point lead at one point. They maintained a strong level with significant fan support, reaching 58 points and competing for the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Cup. However, they have since drawn against Al-Khaleej and lost to Al-Akhdoud, failing to capitalize on opportunities to distance themselves from their rivals.
• Al-Hilal is in second place, four points behind Al-Ittihad with 54 points. Despite internal tension between the coach and fans, injuries, and participation in the AFC Champions League, they remain title contenders. Al-Hilal has recently benefited from rivals dropping points, closing the gap on Al-Ittihad. They are also preparing for a crucial second-leg match in the AFC Champions League after losing the first leg against Pakhtakor in Uzbekistan. The team needs fan support to raise morale and secure victory.
• Al-Ahli, returning from Asia with a significant away win against Al-Rayyan in Qatar, drew against Al-Khaleej. These dropped points allowed Al-Hilal to close the gap.
• Al-Nassr also drew with Al-Shabab, further contributing to the tightening competition at the top.
• Al-Qadisiyah is mentioned as a strong team in the league, and their coach did not succeed in the first-leg cup match but believes they can win the return leg with the support of their fans and home advantage.
• Other teams mentioned include Al-Najma, led by Portuguese coach Mário Silva and featuring players like Algerian defender Billal Aouadhiya, and Al-Adalah, coached by Slovakian Martin Solva and with players like Nigerian Antwiwaa Erkuombei. Their head-to-head record shows eight wins for Al-Adalah, eight for Al-Najma, and four draws in their 20 previous encounters.
• Matches between Abha and Al-Jabalain, and Al-Ittihad Jeddah and Abha are also mentioned, highlighting the ongoing league fixtures. Al-Jubail defeated Al-Najma.

Saudi Players in International Leagues:

• Saud Abdulhamid returned to AS Roma’s starting lineup in the Italian league. Despite limited opportunities, he provided a crucial assist in a 4-1 victory, becoming the first Saudi player to assist a goal in Serie A. He also started in a Europa League match against Sporting Braga and scored, becoming the first Saudi to score in the Europa League.
• The English Premier League is mentioned with Manchester United drawing against Arsenal, potentially paving the way for Liverpool to win the title. Manchester City defeated Nottingham Forest, while Chelsea also won.

Saudi Club Privatization:

• There are discussions about the privatization of Saudi football clubs, divided into two main paths.
• The first path involves the transfer of ownership of Al-Ahli, Al-Ittihad, Al-Nassr, and Al-Hilal to royal entities.
• The second path involves the Public Investment Fund (PIF) acquiring Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Orobah, Al-Derai’yah, and Al-Elm.
• A second phase will offer 14 clubs for privatization to investors, with this step in its final stages.
• The success of the initial privatization steps is noted, with Al-Qadisiyah and Al-Orobah being promoted to higher leagues after acquisition by PIF-related entities.
• Concerns are raised about the exclusion of historically significant clubs like Al-Shabab, Al-Ettifaq, and Al-Riyadh from these initial privatization steps.

Footballing Opinions and Analysis:

• An opinion piece discusses Al-Hilal’s performance and their coach’s delayed corrections, leading to dropped points.
• Another piece expresses happiness with the positive changes in Saudi football due to the privatization efforts.

In summary, the sources provide a snapshot of the intense competition within the Saudi Professional League, highlighting the performances of top teams like Al-Ittihad and Al-Hilal. They also note the progress of Saudi players in international leagues and the significant ongoing process of privatizing Saudi football clubs.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These articles from “20709.pdf” primarily cover Saudi Arabian news and perspectives, featuring the national philanthropy platform “Ehsan” and its significant charitable impact. Another key theme is the growing role and achievements of Saudi women across various sectors, highlighted by their increasing participation in the workforce and leadership positions. The publication also reports on regional and international political developments, including Saudi Arabia’s stance on global issues and its involvement in diplomatic efforts. Additionally, the sources discuss economic trends, cultural events, and social initiatives within the Kingdom.

Study Guide: Analysis of News Articles (March 9, 2025)

I. Quiz (Short Answer)

1. What were the two primary focuses of the meeting held in Jeddah, and on which page of the source material can details about this meeting be found?
2. According to the source, what is the total amount of donations received by the “Ihsan” platform for charitable work since its inception in 2021, and what principle reflects the community’s support for these donations?
3. How does the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia support the increased participation of women in the workforce, referencing the goals of Vision 2030?
4. What are the key features of the sound system implemented in the Grand Mosque in Mecca, and what is its purpose in serving worshippers?
5. What was the main goal of the “Walk with Health” campaign, and how many steps did participants collectively record within the first five days of Ramadan?
6. In what fields have Saudi women become a significant force, as highlighted in the article celebrating their empowerment and achievements? Provide at least two examples.
7. What is the significance of the Princess Reema bint Bandar Al Saud’s role mentioned in the article regarding Saudi women’s achievements?
8. What was the main topic discussed at the meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation held in Jeddah?
9. According to the article on “The British Man Who Preserved America’s Legacy,” what was the unusual aspect of James Smithson’s will, and what institution eventually resulted from it?
10. What is the central theme of the news piece titled “Brain Rot,” and what are some of the contributing factors and potential consequences mentioned?

II. Quiz Answer Key

1. The meeting held in Jeddah focused on discussing bilateral relations and the latest developments in the region, as well as the efforts being made regarding these developments. Details can be found on page 8.
2. The total amount of donations received by the “Ihsan” platform since 2021 has exceeded 10 billion Riyals. This reflects the spirit of social cohesion demonstrated by individuals in the community.
3. The Kingdom supports increased female participation through strategic goals within Vision 2030, focusing on guaranteeing women’s rights and empowerment in the labor market, education, and health sectors. This aligns with the fifth Sustainable Development Goal.
4. The sound system in the Grand Mosque uses the latest digital audio technology and Dante Audio Network for clear, uninterrupted sound. Its purpose is to ensure equal sound distribution to all worshippers throughout the mosque, including the courtyards and different levels.
5. The main goal of the “Walk with Health” campaign was to promote a healthy lifestyle during the month of Ramadan. Participants collectively recorded over two billion steps within the first five days.
6. Saudi women have become a significant force in fields such as medicine, engineering, economics, administration, and technology. They have achieved unprecedented successes, becoming a source of pride for their nation.
7. Princess Reema bint Bandar Al Saud is highlighted as a prominent female figure who has contributed to shaping a new image of Saudi women both locally and internationally, notably through her appointment as the first Saudi female ambassador to the United States.
8. The main topic discussed at the OIC Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in Jeddah was the Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people and attempts to displace them from their land.
9. The unusual aspect of James Smithson’s will was that he bequeathed his entire fortune to the United States government to establish an institution for the “increase and diffusion of knowledge among men,” despite having no direct connection to the country. This led to the founding of the Smithsonian Institution.
10. The central theme of “Brain Rot” is the potential negative impact of excessive and uncontrolled social media use on cognitive functions. Contributing factors include inactivity and lack of physical movement, and potential consequences involve difficulties in decision-making, problem-solving, focus, and memory.

III. Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the various initiatives and campaigns highlighted in the news articles that demonstrate the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s commitment to social welfare and development. Discuss the objectives and potential impact of these efforts.
2. Discuss the significance of the increasing participation and empowerment of women in Saudi Arabia, as portrayed in the provided news sources. How does this align with the goals of Vision 2030, and what are some of the key areas where women are making notable contributions?
3. Evaluate the role of international cooperation and diplomacy, as evidenced by the meeting of the OIC foreign ministers and other mentions of global engagement, in addressing regional and international issues discussed in the news articles.
4. Critically examine the potential societal and individual impacts of the trends and issues highlighted in the articles, such as the growth of charitable giving through platforms like “Ihsan” and the concerns raised about excessive social media use in “Brain Rot.”
5. Compare and contrast the different areas of development and change highlighted in the articles, such as social empowerment, technological advancements (e.g., the Grand Mosque’s sound system, digital currency initiatives), and economic activities (e.g., mergers and acquisitions), in shaping the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its global engagement.

IV. Glossary of Key Terms

• Ihsan: (From the Arabic text) A platform for charitable work in Saudi Arabia.
• Vision 2030: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s ambitious plan for economic and social reform.
• WAS (وكالة الأنباء السعودية): (From the Arabic text, implied by datelines) Saudi Press Agency.
• LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design): A globally recognized green building certification system.
• OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation): An international organization founded in 1969 consisting of 57 member states, with a collective voice of the Muslim world.
• Digital Audio: Technology that uses digital signals to transmit and process sound, often resulting in higher fidelity and less noise.
• Dante Audio Network: A specific network protocol that allows for the transmission of high-quality audio over a digital network with low latency.
• Brain Rot: (As used in the article) A colloquial term referring to the potential decline in cognitive abilities due to excessive and uncontrolled use of social media, often associated with inactivity.
• Smithsonian Institution: A U.S. institution created by funds from James Smithson’s will, dedicated to the “increase and diffusion of knowledge.”
• Fatwa: (Not explicitly in the text but relevant to religious contexts mentioned) A non-binding legal opinion or ruling issued by a mufti or religious scholar on a point of Islamic law.

Saudi Arabia: Key Themes and Developments

Based on the provided excerpts, here is a detailed briefing document reviewing the main themes and most important ideas or facts:

Briefing Document

Date: October 26, 2023 (Based on the issue date of some articles) Subject: Review of Key Themes and Information from Provided Sources

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts identified across the provided Arabic language news articles and excerpts. The sources cover a diverse range of topics, reflecting current events and ongoing initiatives in Saudi Arabia.

I. Philanthropic Campaigns and Social Responsibility:

• “Joud Regions Campaign” and “Ehsan” Platform: A significant theme revolves around organized philanthropy, exemplified by the “Joud Regions Campaign” and the national charitable work platform “Ehsan.”
• The “Joud Regions Campaign” aims to integrate the objectives of charitable work with national goals under the leadership of King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. It operates both domestically to benefit regions and internationally for relief efforts, driven by values of giving, quality, and generosity established by King Abdulaziz.
• The “Ehsan” platform serves as a national portal for charitable donations and has garnered substantial support from the leadership.” (Translation: “The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect them – have presented two generous donations to the fifth edition of the National Campaign for Charitable Work, through the ‘Ehsan’ platform, amounting to 40 million Riyals from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and 30 million Riyals from His Highness the Crown Prince.”)
• The total donations through the “Ehsan” platform since its inception in 2021 have exceeded 10 billion Riyals.
• The platform is characterized by high levels of governance, transparency, reliability in advanced technical handling of donations, and ease of use.
• The campaign and platform are particularly active during Ramadan, a time when charitable giving is emphasized in Islam.
• The “Ehsan” platform operates under the supervision of the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (“Sdaya”) and is overseen by a Sharia committee to ensure compliance with Islamic law.
• “Sum Bi Saha” (Fast with Health) Campaign: This health awareness campaign launched by Al-Sahah Holding and its 20 health clusters during Ramadan encourages walking, with participants recording over two billion steps in the first five days. It also promotes regular health check-ups.

II. Women’s Empowerment and Role in Development:

• Increasing Participation in the Labor Market: A significant focus is placed on the increasing role and empowerment of Saudi women across various sectors.
• The Kingdom emphasizes the importance of women in development by investing in their capabilities at local and international levels.
• Vision 2030 includes a strategic objective to increase women’s participation in the labor market, guaranteeing their rights in health, education, and employment.
• Efforts and legislation in recent years have contributed to notable progress in women’s empowerment in the job market, aligning with Vision 2030 targets.
• The government’s commitment to women is evident in the attention and programs dedicated to their advancement..” (Translation: “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia affirmed the importance of the Saudi woman’s role in development through investing in and developing her capabilities to activate her role at the local and international levels, based on its belief that the woman is an important element of society, and this is reinforced by the Saudi government’s dedication of a separate strategic goal in Vision 2030 to increase women’s participation in the labor market, guaranteeing their rights in health, education, and the labor market, to align with the fifth goal of the Sustainable Development Goals, and reflects the ambitious vision of the three basic pillars: an ambitious nation, a prosperous economy, and a vibrant society.”)
• Achievements and Leadership: Saudi women are achieving unprecedented accomplishments and are becoming influential figures in fields like medicine, engineering, economics, administration, and technology.
• The Kingdom celebrates the achievements of women on International Women’s Day (March 8th).
• Examples of pioneering Saudi women are highlighted, including the first female pilot, the first Saudi female Formula E driver, the first Saudi female polar explorer, and women holding leadership positions in various sectors.
• Princess Reema bint Bandar bin Sultan is recognized for her role in shaping a new image of Saudi women locally and internationally, notably as the first Saudi female ambassador to the United States. She has also contributed significantly to women’s empowerment in sports and other fields.
• The increasing number of women in leadership roles in ministries, major companies, banks, investment funds, and academic institutions reflects their growing influence.

III. Regional and International Affairs:

• Saudi Arabia’s Efforts Regarding the Ukrainian Crisis: The Kingdom continues its efforts to find a lasting peaceful resolution to the Ukrainian crisis, hosting numerous related meetings.
• Ministerial Council of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and Gaza: The OIC’s Council of Foreign Ministers adopted an Arab plan regarding Gaza.
• The council firmly rejects any plans aimed at forcibly displacing the Palestinian people, considering it ethnic cleansing and a grave violation of international law.
• The OIC condemns policies of starvation and the burning of land and crops in the Palestinian territories.
• The council emphasizes the centrality of the Palestinian issue for the Islamic Ummah and reaffirms its support for the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination, independence, freedom, and sovereignty over their land, with East Jerusalem as its capital.
• The OIC stresses the need for Israel, the occupying power, to implement a permanent and sustainable ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, facilitate the return of displaced persons, withdraw its forces, open all crossings, and ensure the delivery of humanitarian aid.
• The council supports the formation of a Palestinian government under the umbrella of the State of Palestine and welcomes the decision of the government to form a committee of national competencies from the Gaza Strip for a transitional period.
• The OIC holds Israel responsible for war crimes and genocide committed against the Palestinian people.
• The council calls for international protection for the Palestinian people and supports the efforts of the international coalition to implement the two-state solution, led by Saudi Arabia.
• Saudi Arabia and Iran Relations: While not a primary focus, the document mentions Iran’s strengthening defense cooperation with Moscow in the past year and the complexities surrounding the Iranian nuclear program and international sanctions. There is also a brief mention of potential direct communication between US presidents and Iranian leaders.
• Lebanon and Hezbollah: The document notes the end of a ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel in November and continued Israeli strikes within Lebanese territory.

IV. Economic Developments and Investments:

• Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) in the MENA Region: The Kingdom and the UAE recorded 318 M&A deals worth $29.6 billion in 2024.
• The broader MENA region witnessed significant M&A activity in 2024, driven by reforms and strategic investment efforts.
• Cross-border deals were a major driver, constituting a significant portion of both the number and value of deals.
• Key sectors targeted included insurance, asset management, real estate and hospitality, energy and utilities, and technology.
• Saudi Arabia and UAE sovereign wealth funds continued to lead investment activity.
• NEOM and Women in the Energy Sector: NEOM emphasizes the growing presence of women in its workforce, particularly in the green hydrogen sector. The company is actively working to empower women through training and leadership roles.
• Potential Change in Saudi Riyal Currency Symbol: There is a discussion about the possibility of updating the Saudi Riyal’s currency symbol as part of broader economic and technological advancements aligned with Vision 2030, including the development of digital payment systems.

V. Cultural and Educational Initiatives:

• King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language Conference: The academy announced its fourth annual international conference to be held in Riyadh in October 2025, focusing on the lexicographical industry.
• “Downtown Design Riyadh” Exhibition: The Architecture and Design Commission is preparing to launch a leading contemporary design exhibition, “Downtown Design Riyadh,” in May 2025. This event aims to showcase local and international design talent and foster collaboration.
• Revitalization of Historical Mosques: The second phase of a project to develop historical mosques has been launched after the completion of the first phase, which involved the rehabilitation and restoration of 30 historical mosques in 10 regions. The project aims to restore the architectural authenticity of these mosques, highlight their cultural significance, and contribute to the Kingdom’s cultural dimension under Vision 2030.
• Sound System Upgrade at the Grand Mosque (Al-Haram): The Grand Mosque in Mecca has been equipped with a state-of-the-art digital audio system to ensure clear sound throughout its courtyards and indoor spaces.
• “Mawhiba” (Talent) Foundation and Scientific Participation: The Saudi national team for scientific projects saw an increase in participation in international competitions, reflecting a growing interest in scientific innovation among Saudi youth.
• “Ensan” (Human) Charitable Association for Orphans Care: This association, under the leadership of HRH Prince Faisal bin Bandar bin Abdulaziz, Governor of Riyadh Region, focuses on improving the quality of life and empowering orphans in line with Vision 2030.
• The Rise of Islamic Civilization and Modern Science: The excerpts briefly touch upon the significant contributions of Islamic civilization to the development of medicine and astronomy, laying the groundwork for modern scientific advancements.

VI. Health and Wellness:

• The “Sum Bi Saha” campaign highlights the focus on public health and encourages healthy lifestyles.
• An article discusses the potential negative impacts of excessive and uncontrolled social media use, likening it to “brain rot” and linking it to difficulties in decision-making, problem-solving, focus, and memory. It suggests solutions such as mandatory exercise and regulatory measures.

VII. Sports:

• The Saudi national beach soccer team announced its final list for the Asian Cup in Thailand.
• Real Madrid’s coach, Carlo Ancelotti, emphasized the need for caution in their upcoming match against Rayo Vallecano in the Spanish league.
• Liverpool continues its strong performance in the English Premier League, while Manchester City faced another defeat.
• Al-Taawoun defeated Damac, Al-Riyadh deepened the wounds of Al-Akhdoud, and Al-Ettifaq triumphed over Al-Aruba in Saudi league matches.
• There is commentary on Al-Hilal’s performance and the need to address the depth of their substitute bench.

VIII. Social Commentary:

• An article titled “What is Absent Here Shines Elsewhere” uses the Quranic verse about the sun to reflect on the cyclical nature of opportunity and success.
• The “Smile of Hospitality” section likely refers to social interactions and cultural norms, possibly related to Ramadan, although the specific content in the excerpt is limited.

IX. Historical and Biographical Snippets:

• The article “The Briton Who Preserved America’s Legacy” recounts the story of James Smithson, a British scientist who bequeathed his entire fortune to the United States to establish the Smithsonian Institution, despite never having visited the country.
• The “Catch” section includes a dialogue about the representation of architecture in literature, mentioning various authors and novels.
• A piece remembers Sheikh Abdullah Al-Husaini, a pioneer of girls’ education in the Al-Qassim region, highlighting his significant contributions and the challenges he overcame.

X. Ramadan Specific Content:

• Several articles mention Ramadan in the context of charitable campaigns, health initiatives, and the unique spiritual environment of the month that can facilitate positive habit change.

XI. Tourism and Natural Wonders:

• A brief mention of Niagara Falls highlights its popularity as a tourist destination.
• The significance of Jabal Abi Qubais in Mecca is noted for its religious and geographical history.

XII. Weather Report:

• A short weather update mentions the highest rainfall recorded in the Arjaa region of Al-Dawadimi governorate and other areas in the Kingdom.

This briefing document provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse topics covered in the provided sources, highlighting key initiatives, achievements, and ongoing developments within Saudi Arabia and its engagement with the wider world.

Saudi Arabia: Social Initiatives and Progress

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the Ihsan platform and what are its primary goals?
2. The Ihsan platform is a Saudi national platform for charitable work. Its primary goals include maximizing the impact of charitable work during the month of Ramadan and beyond, embodying the values of giving, generosity, and quality instilled by the Kingdom’s founders. It aims to channel donations efficiently and transparently to beneficiaries, fostering a sense of social solidarity within the community. The platform operates under the supervision of the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (“Sdaya”) and a Sharia committee, ensuring governance, reliability, and adherence to Islamic law in the receipt and distribution of donations.
3. How significant has the Ihsan platform been in terms of donations received and impact?
4. Since its establishment in 2021, the Ihsan platform has received over 10 billion Saudi Riyals in donations. This substantial amount reflects the strong social cohesion and the public’s trust in the platform’s governance, transparency, and advanced technical handling of donations. The platform has successfully channeled these funds to various charitable causes, aligning with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 to support the non-profit sector and enhance its societal and developmental contributions.
5. What are the key aspects of Saudi Arabia’s efforts in empowering women, as highlighted in the sources?
6. Saudi Arabia emphasizes the crucial role of women in development and aims to empower them by investing in their potential. This commitment is reflected in Vision 2030, which includes a strategic objective to increase women’s participation in the workforce while ensuring their rights in various fields like health, education, and the job market. The Kingdom has achieved significant progress in women’s empowerment through supportive legislation and initiatives, leading to a continuous rise in women’s participation in the labor market and their assumption of leadership roles across different sectors.
7. Can you provide examples of Saudi women achieving significant milestones and breaking barriers?
8. The sources highlight numerous Saudi women who have achieved remarkable feats. Examples include Yasmeen Al-Maimani, considered the first Saudi female pilot; Aseel Al-Barrak, the first Saudi female Formula racing driver; Mariam Fardous, a pioneering Saudi female diver holding advanced certifications; and Khulood Al-Subait, the first Saudi female lawyer to win a licensing dispute and a member of the Saudi Organization for Certified Public Accountants. Additionally, Princess Reema bint Bandar Al Saud is the first Saudi female ambassador to the United States, showcasing women’s growing prominence in leadership and international roles.
9. What is the “Sam Bi Sahha” campaign, and what does it aim to achieve?
10. The “Sam Bi Sahha” (Walk for Health) campaign, launched by the Health Holding Company and its 20 health clusters during Ramadan, aims to promote a culture of healthy living. It encourages citizens and residents to walk at least 8,000 steps daily. The campaign recorded over two billion steps taken by more than 223,000 participants within the first five days. It also offers a package of diverse health services and introduces various laboratory tests through primary healthcare centers, aligning with efforts to enhance public health.
11. What are Saudi Arabia’s initiatives concerning historical mosques?
12. Saudi Arabia has launched the second phase of a project to develop historical mosques, following the completion of the first phase which involved the rehabilitation and restoration of 30 historical mosques in 10 regions. The project’s strategy focuses on restoring the original architectural character of these mosques, highlighting their historical and urban significance to the Kingdom, strengthening the religious and cultural status of historical mosques, and showcasing the Kingdom’s cultural and historical dimensions, as emphasized by Vision 2030, which seeks to preserve and leverage the unique architectural heritage of these sites.
13. What advancements have been made in the audio system of the Grand Mosque in Mecca?
14. The Grand Mosque features a state-of-the-art digital audio system to ensure clear and pure sound throughout its premises, both indoors and outdoors. It utilizes the latest digital audio technologies and Dante Audio Network for high-quality sound transmission over a digital network without delay. Thousands of speakers are strategically distributed across the mosque, including the courtyards, the Sa’i area, and the Mataf area, with precise sound direction to ensure even coverage without interference. The system is managed by advanced central control rooms with backup systems to guarantee continuous broadcasting. The sound distribution is meticulously designed to prevent echoes and overlapping sound waves, with volume levels adjusted based on the density of worshippers to maintain clarity without being disruptive.
15. What was the outcome of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Council of Foreign Ministers’ extraordinary session regarding Palestine?
16. The OIC Council of Foreign Ministers, in an extraordinary session held in Jeddah, adopted the Arab Plan regarding Gaza. The resolution firmly rejects any plans aimed at forcibly displacing Palestinians, whether internally or externally, under any pretext, considering it ethnic cleansing and a severe violation of international law. The OIC also condemned the policies of starvation and the destruction of lands and property in the occupied Palestinian territories. It emphasized the centrality of the Palestinian cause for the Islamic Ummah, reaffirmed its steadfast support for the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination, independence, and sovereignty, and reiterated its commitment to a just and lasting peace based on relevant UN resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative. The OIC also called for holding Israel accountable for its crimes and for providing international protection to the Palestinian people.

Saudi Vision 2030: Transformation and Progress

Saudi Vision 2030 is a significant topic discussed in the sources, particularly in relation to the empowerment of women and the development of various sectors within the Kingdom.

Several sources emphasize the goal of increasing women’s participation in the workforce as a key objective of Vision 2030. The Kingdom has set a strategic target to increase women’s participation in the labor market, aiming for 40% by 2030, surpassing the initial target of 30%. This reflects the government’s keen interest in women’s empowerment and their pivotal role in national development. The sources highlight that the past few years have witnessed a continuous rise in the rates of women’s participation in the labor market. This increase is attributed to efforts and legislation enacted in line with Vision 2030. Initiatives and programs by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development have contributed to overcoming obstacles facing women in the job market. The empowerment of women is seen as a driving force towards a sustainable and comprehensive economy. Women are increasingly occupying leadership positions in various ministries, major companies, and financial institutions, reflecting their growing role in Saudi Arabia’s economic development.

Beyond women’s empowerment, Vision 2030 encompasses broader goals for economic diversification and development. The “Down Town Design Riyadh” exhibition, for instance, aligns with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 by aiming to meet the needs of the growing interior design market, driven by real estate and hospitality developments. Projects like NEOM, The Line, and Diriyah Gate are mentioned as examples of significant developments contributing to this growth. These initiatives suggest a focus on creating a thriving economy.

The vision also aims for a vibrant society. The support for charitable work through platforms like “Ehsan” can be seen as contributing to this goal by promoting social cohesion and solidarity. While not explicitly linked to Vision 2030 in the immediate context of the “Ehsan” campaign, the broader emphasis on philanthropy aligns with the social development aspects of the vision.

Furthermore, Vision 2030 has a cultural dimension, as evidenced by the focus on preserving the historical and urban characteristics of mosques while developing their design. The aim is to highlight the Kingdom’s historical depth and cultural significance. The announcement of the fourth annual international conference of the King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language also aligns with the cultural enrichment goals of Vision 2030. The empowerment of women in the cultural field by supporting artistic projects and initiatives that provide broader opportunities for creativity and influence is also part of this vision.

Sustainability is another key pillar of Vision 2030, demonstrated by Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group achieving LEED Gold certification for their commitment to environmental practices, which is in line with the Kingdom’s 2030 vision in supporting environmental sustainability and the development process. Additionally, Saudi women are participating in the creation of the world’s largest green hydrogen production plant in NEOM, signifying their role in sustainable energy initiatives that are part of Vision 2030.

Overall, Saudi Vision 2030 is presented in the sources as a comprehensive framework for the Kingdom’s future, encompassing economic diversification, social progress with a strong emphasis on women’s empowerment, cultural enrichment, and environmental sustainability. The initiatives and achievements highlighted in the articles are portrayed as steps towards realizing the ambitious goals set by this vision.

Ehsan: Saudi Arabia’s National Platform for Charitable Work

The Ehsan platform is a national platform for charitable work in Saudi Arabia. Its establishment was approved by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. This initiative is in its fifth edition as of the publication date of the sources.

Key features and objectives of the Ehsan platform, as described in the sources, include:

• Facilitating Charitable Giving: Ehsan provides an opportunity for all members of society to participate in charitable deeds by making donations. This is emphasized as a way to foster a sense of community, social solidarity, and uplift the Saudi society.
• Digital Infrastructure: The platform operates electronically through its application (Ehsan.sa) and website. It also utilizes SMS and a unified call center (8001247000) to receive contributions. This digital approach aims to enable the charitable sector digitally and streamline the donation process.
• Transparency and Governance: Ehsan follows a methodical approach to ensure donations reach eligible recipients. It adheres to strict governance programs to enhance the credibility and transparency of charitable work, aiming to avoid errors or arbitrary decisions. The platform operates according to high governance standards.
• Oversight and Collaboration: The Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA) was responsible for creating the Ehsan platform. It is overseen by a higher committee comprising 13 government agencies, indicating a collaborative effort to ensure its effectiveness.
• Alignment with National Goals: The goals of the Ehsan platform complement the objectives of the national campaign for charitable work and the King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid. It is seen as an extension of the generous care for charitable work by the Kingdom’s leadership.
• Significant Impact: The platform has already demonstrated a significant impact, with the King and the Crown Prince donating 70 million Riyals to the current “Charitable Work Campaign”, and total donations reaching 700 million Riyals with ongoing increases. Ehsan aims to deliver aid to beneficiaries as quickly as possible.
• Welcoming Diverse Contributions: Ehsan welcomes contributions from individuals, companies, banks, philanthropists, and donors through various channels.

In our previous discussion, we noted that Saudi Vision 2030 aims for a vibrant society and emphasizes social progress. The Ehsan platform aligns with these aspects by promoting social cohesion, encouraging responsible citizenship through charitable giving, and ensuring that aid reaches those in need efficiently and transparently. While not explicitly stated as a direct initiative of Vision 2030 in the provided sources, its objectives and the support it receives from the highest levels of government suggest its role in achieving the broader social development goals of the Kingdom.

Saudi Arabia: National Charity Initiatives and the Ehsan Platform

The sources provide several insights into charity work in Saudi Arabia, highlighting it as a significant national endeavor supported by the highest levels of government and involving broad societal participation.

One of the central mechanisms for charity work discussed is the Ehsan platform. It is a national platform for charitable work in its fifth edition, having been approved by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. Ehsan aims to provide an opportunity for all members of society to participate in charitable deeds by making donations. This fosters a sense of community and social solidarity, ultimately uplifting Saudi society [1, You]. The platform operates electronically through its application (Ehsan.sa) and website, as well as via SMS and a unified call center (8001247000) to facilitate contributions. This digital infrastructure is intended to enable the charitable sector digitally and streamline the donation process [You].

A key emphasis of the Ehsan platform is transparency and governance. It follows a methodical approach to ensure donations reach eligible recipients and adheres to strict governance programs to enhance the credibility and transparency of charitable work. This aims to prevent errors or arbitrary decisions, ensuring the platform operates according to high governance standards [1, You]. The Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA) created the Ehsan platform, and it is overseen by a higher committee comprising 13 government agencies, indicating a collaborative effort to ensure its effectiveness [You].

The Joud Regions Campaign (“جود حملة المناطق”) is another significant initiative for charitable work mentioned in the sources. This campaign is in its second edition and is endorsed by the Emirs of the regions across the Kingdom. It shares the goal of supporting the needy by providing suitable housing. The fifth edition of the national campaign for charitable work, which the Ehsan platform supports, also aims to support social, housing, health, educational, and food projects.

The goals of these charitable initiatives complement the objectives of the national campaign for charitable work and the King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid. This highlights that charity work is seen as an extension of the generous care provided by the Kingdom’s leadership [2, You]. The Kingdom’s commitment to (methodical collection of their donations throughout the month of Ramadan, which the electronic platform “Ehsan” leads, ensuring the arrival of aid to those who deserve it, and helping them in that by following strict governance programs) underscores the organized and well-intentioned nature of these efforts.

The values underpinning charity work in Saudi Arabia are those of giving, generosity, and benevolence (العطاء والجود والكرم), which were instilled by the founder, King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman, and have been upheld by the Kingdom’s leaders. These values drive the various charitable initiatives aimed at benefiting those in need.

The Ehsan platform has already achieved a significant impact, with substantial donations made by the King and Crown Prince, and total donations reaching large sums [7, You]. The platform’s aim is to deliver aid to beneficiaries as quickly as possible. It also welcomes contributions from diverse sources, including individuals, companies, and philanthropists [7, You].

In the context of our previous discussion on Saudi Vision 2030, while the sources don’t explicitly link the Ehsan platform or the Joud Regions Campaign as direct initiatives of the vision, their objectives align with the broader goal of a vibrant society [You]. These charitable endeavors promote social cohesion and solidarity and contribute to the overall well-being of the Kingdom’s population by supporting those in need [1, You].

Saudi Women’s Empowerment and Vision 2030

The sources and our conversation history provide significant information regarding women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the context of Saudi Vision 2030.

Our previous discussion highlighted that increasing women’s participation in the workforce is a key objective of Vision 2030, with a target of 40% by 2030 [You]. This reflects the government’s strong focus on women’s empowerment and their crucial role in national development [You]. The continuous increase in women’s participation rates is attributed to efforts and legislation aligned with Vision 2030, with initiatives from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development helping to overcome obstacles in the job market [You]. This empowerment is considered a driving force for a sustainable and comprehensive economy, with women increasingly holding leadership positions [You].

Several sources further elaborate on these aspects:

• Governmental Support and Initiatives: The Kingdom has undertaken various initiatives aimed at supporting women and enhancing their role in society as part of its governmental work and social responsibility. This includes initiatives specifically designed to support women’s leadership and empowerment, positioning Saudi Arabia as a model in international forums.
• Creating Spaces for Expression and Achievement: Spaces have been created for Saudi women to express themselves, share their ideas about society, and gain opportunities to connect with a broader audience, thereby enhancing their presence. The media’s focus on supporting and empowering women is now a national strategic direction aimed at motivating future generations to achieve even greater accomplishments.
• Progress in Diverse Fields: Saudi women are increasingly proving their presence in various fields, including culture, arts, and literature, contributing to a modern and advanced image of the Kingdom. Princess Reema bint Bandar is specifically mentioned for her role in shaping a new image of Saudi women both locally and internationally.
• Addressing Challenges and Rights: The Kingdom is intensifying programs to raise awareness of women’s rights as guaranteed by Islamic law and is actively working to remove challenges facing them, guided by the principles of justice, equality, and human dignity.
• Role in Future Projects: Major projects like NEOM recognize the importance of women’s empowerment, aiming to provide leadership opportunities for women in innovation and the development of new ideas. Women are also actively participating in sustainable energy initiatives, such as the creation of the world’s largest green hydrogen production plant in NEOM [You, 23].
• Platform for Creators: Initiatives like the “Golden Pen Diwaniyah” provide a platform for creators, including women, to discuss their concerns, exchange experiences, and collaborate on projects.

It is important to note that while the Ehsan platform and the Joud Regions Campaign are national initiatives for charitable work involving all members of society, including women, the sources do not specifically highlight them as direct women’s empowerment initiatives. However, women’s participation in such activities aligns with the broader concept of their active role in society.

In conclusion, the sources and our previous discussion consistently portray women’s empowerment as a significant and actively pursued goal in Saudi Arabia, deeply embedded within the framework of Saudi Vision 2030. This empowerment is manifested through various governmental initiatives, increasing participation in the workforce and leadership roles, advancements in diverse fields, the safeguarding of their rights, and their involvement in major national and future-oriented projects.

Football Leagues: Premier League, Saudi Arabia, and Asian Champions League

The sources contain information about several football leagues and competitions, including the English Premier League, various Saudi Arabian leagues, and the Asian Champions League.

Regarding the English Premier League, one article reports on a match where Liverpool defeated Southampton 3-1, with a double by Mohamed Salah, continuing their strong performance and approaching their first league title since 1990. Meanwhile, the article notes that the defending champions Manchester City lost 1-0 to Nottingham Forest, highlighting their inconsistent results. The article also mentions Arsenal as the second-place team, 16 points behind Liverpool, and Manchester United as another rival. Liverpool was initially challenged by Southampton but came back strong in the second half to secure the win.

In the context of Saudi Arabian football, there are several reports:

• One section briefly mentions Al-Ahli’s surprising 3-0 victory over Al-Hilal, followed by a draw with Al-Khaleej and a defeat by Al-Rayyan of Qatar. The absence of Kessie and an injury to Mendy are suggested as contributing factors to the draw against Al-Khaleej. There are also notes on individual player performances and incidents involving Tembaekti, Mitrovic, Majrashi, Al-Mousa, and Khaled Al-Ghannam.
• Another report discusses a match in the Riyadh region between Al-Faisaly and Al-Zulfi, which is considered important for both teams as they aim to avoid relegation. The article mentions that their first-round encounter ended differently. It also briefly notes a match between Al-Bukayriyah and Al-Jandal, with Al-Bukayriyah winning their previous official encounters. Players from Al-Bukayriyah like Mario, Fernando, Nakhli, and Bin Rubeiaan are mentioned.
• A report from Al-Ahsa covers a quarter-final match in the Saudi Arabia Clubs Championship for the third division, where Al-Qarah defeated Al-Qurayyat 4-1, overturning a previous loss. The goalscorers for Al-Qarah were Azzam Al-Khalifa and Qassem Al-Jassem, while Abdul-Ilah Al-Anzi scored for Al-Qurayyat.

Regarding the Asian Champions League, there is extensive commentary focusing on the performance of Saudi clubs:

• Al-Ahli is portrayed as being in good form and securing positive results, with key players like Harash, Kessie, Firmino, Danilo, and Mahrez contributing to their success in Asia.
• Al-Hilal, despite having star players, is facing a downturn in performance, with their recent loss being described as unexpected. There is criticism of coach Jesus’s tactics, substitutions, and the team’s overall predictability, suggesting a potential “footballing collapse”.
• Al-Nassr is seen as highly motivated to win the Asian title, especially for Cristiano Ronaldo, as it would be his first official title with the club.

Finally, one opinion piece discusses a broader issue concerning Saudi football: the reliance on foreign coaches and the lack of development of national coaching talent. It questions the Saudi Arabian Football Federation’s role in preparing local coaches to lead top clubs.

In addition to these leagues, there is a brief mention of the Spanish league where Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid are behind league leaders Barcelona.

Our conversation history does not contain specific discussions about these football leagues or teams. Therefore, the information provided is solely based on the content of the current sources.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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