Multiple articles from the Al Riyadh newspaper discuss various topics including Saudi Arabia’s environmental initiatives, particularly the Riyadh Green project aimed at increasing green spaces and improving air quality in the capital. Coverage is also given to Eid al-Fitr celebrations and related activities, such as holiday shopping trends, the role of social media in festivities, and travel patterns. Additionally, the paper reports on economic matters, including Saudi Arabia’s real estate sector, global oil market trends and forecasts, and the impact of international policies on energy markets. Finally, diplomatic news is present, such as the Kingdom’s welcome of the new Syrian government and the Crown Prince’s discussions with Lebanese officials.

Study Guide: Analysis of “Al-Riyadh” Newspaper Articles (March 31, 2025)

This study guide is designed to help you review and understand the provided excerpts from the “Al-Riyadh” newspaper published on March 31, 2025. It includes a quiz to test your comprehension, essay format questions to encourage deeper analysis, and a glossary of key terms.

Quiz: Short Answer Questions

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each, based on the provided text.

1. What are the three main objectives of the Saudi Green Initiative as outlined in the article?
2. According to the article, what is the specific goal of the “Riyadh Green Project” in relation to the Vision 2030 objectives?
3. What is the total investment allocated for the implementation of the Riyadh Green Project, and what are two key targets this investment aims to achieve?
4. What was the occasion for which King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud performed prayers at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah, as mentioned in the news?
5. What was the main message conveyed in the Crown Prince’s directives regarding real estate in Riyadh, according to the article?
6. Based on the travel trends reported, what is a significant factor influencing travel patterns of Saudi residents during Eid Al-Fitr in 2025?
7. What is a notable shift in consumer behavior observed in Saudi Arabia during the Eid Al-Fitr season of 2025, according to the “Toluna” and “Markettiers Lab” survey?
8. What were the Alawi fighters in northwestern Syria urged to do by President Bashar al-Assad, as reported in one of the articles?
9. According to the article, what is the condition set by the commander of the Sudanese army, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, for achieving peace with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF)?
10. What was a significant reason cited for Saudi Arabia’s successful bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup?

Quiz Answer Key

1. The three main objectives of the Saudi Green Initiative are reducing carbon emissions, protecting land and sea areas, and afforestation and land reclamation. The initiative aims for a comprehensive approach to address climate change.
2. The “Riyadh Green Project” is considered one of the largest and most ambitious afforestation projects globally and directly contributes to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 by raising Riyadh’s ranking among the world’s green cities.
3. The total investment for the Riyadh Green Project is thirty billion riyals. This investment aims to plant over 15 million trees and increase the per capita share of green spaces in Riyadh from 1.7 to 28 square meters by 2030.
4. King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud performed the Eid Al-Fitr prayer at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah. This prayer was offered on the morning of Eid Al-Fitr Al-Mubarak.
5. The Crown Prince’s directives regarding real estate in Riyadh focused on providing more planned and developed land plots, expressing hope for similar measures in other regions suffering from land scarcity and high prices, and emphasizing the need to achieve balance between supply and demand.
6. A significant factor influencing travel patterns of Saudi residents during Eid Al-Fitr in 2025 is the increasing interest in cultural and recreational travel, alongside traditional family visits, leading to exploration of diverse destinations in Europe and Asia.
7. A notable shift in consumer behavior during Eid Al-Fitr 2025 in Saudi Arabia is an increased focus on social gatherings, cultural activities, and luxury shopping experiences, leading to higher spending across various sectors.
8. President Bashar al-Assad urged the Alawi fighters in northwestern Syria to surrender their weapons and themselves “before it is too late.” He accused them of attacking all Syrians and committing unforgivable sins.
9. The commander of the Sudanese army, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, stated that there would be no peace with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) until the latter surrendered their weapons. He dismissed any negotiations until this condition is met.
10. A significant reason cited for Saudi Arabia’s successful bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup is its advanced infrastructure and substantial investments in modern stadiums, transportation, and hospitality, along with strong government and sports sector support aligned with Vision 2030.

Essay Format Questions

Consider the following questions for essay writing. Develop well-structured arguments using evidence and examples from the provided text.

1. Analyze the interconnectedness between the Saudi Green Initiative and the broader goals of Saudi Vision 2030, as presented in the “Al-Riyadh” excerpts. Discuss the specific targets and investments mentioned, and evaluate their potential impact on the Kingdom’s environmental and economic future.
2. Compare and contrast the domestic and international events reported in the “Al-Riyadh” articles on March 31, 2025. Discuss the key themes that emerge from these reports and analyze how they reflect the political, social, and economic landscape of the region and the world.
3. Examine the coverage of Eid Al-Fitr in the provided “Al-Riyadh” articles. Analyze how the newspaper portrays the religious, social, and economic significance of the holiday, considering aspects such as prayers, community activities, travel trends, and consumer behavior.
4. Discuss the various conflicts and tensions highlighted in the international news sections of the “Al-Riyadh” excerpts, including the situations in Syria and Sudan. Analyze the stated positions of different actors and the potential implications of these conflicts for regional stability.
5. Evaluate the reporting on economic trends in Saudi Arabia and the global oil market as presented in the “Al-Riyadh” articles. Analyze the data and forecasts provided, and discuss the factors that are influencing these trends, including government initiatives, international policies, and market dynamics.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Saudi Green Initiative: A national initiative in Saudi Arabia with comprehensive goals focused on reducing carbon emissions, protecting land and sea, and promoting afforestation.
• Riyadh Green Project: A specific afforestation project within the Saudi Green Initiative aimed at increasing green spaces in the city of Riyadh and improving its environmental sustainability, contributing to Vision 2030.
• Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia’s ambitious long-term plan for economic diversification, social reform, and sustainable development.
• Eid Al-Fitr Al-Mubarak: The Islamic holiday that marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan, celebrated with prayers, family gatherings, and festivities.
• Crown Prince: The heir apparent to the throne in a monarchy. In the context of the articles, it refers to Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in Saudi Arabia.
• Real Estate Sector: The industry related to the buying, selling, leasing, and development of land and buildings.
• Consumer Behavior: The study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items.
• Alawi Fighters: Refers to a specific group of fighters in northwestern Syria who were urged to surrender by President Bashar al-Assad. The Alawites are a religious minority in Syria.
• Rapid Support Forces (RSF): A paramilitary group in Sudan involved in a conflict with the Sudanese army.
• FIFA World Cup 2034: The international football tournament that Saudi Arabia has won the bid to host in the year 2034.
• Non-oil Exports: Goods and services exported by a country that are not related to petroleum products, indicating economic diversification.
• Imports: Goods and services brought into a country from another country.
• Balance of Trade: The difference between the value of a country’s exports and the value of its imports.
• OPEC: The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a group of oil-producing nations that coordinate their petroleum policies.
• Brent Crude: A major benchmark price for purchases of crude oil worldwide, used here in the context of oil market analysis.
• Internal Tourism: Travel and tourism activities undertaken by residents within their own country.

Al Riyadh Newspaper Review: Themes and Ideas

BRIEFING DOCUMENT

Date: October 26, 2023 (Assuming context based on future dates in the text – actual date will be different)

Subject: Review of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts – Key Themes and Ideas

This briefing document summarizes the main themes and important ideas presented in the provided excerpts from the “Al Riyadh” newspaper (Issue 20728, dated Monday, March 31, 2025). The excerpts cover a range of topics, including environmental initiatives, Eid al-Fitr celebrations and related consumer behavior, international and domestic travel trends, oil market analysis, regional political developments, and local news.

**I. Environmental Initiatives and Sustainable Development:**

* **The Saudi Green Initiative:** This initiative is highlighted as a comprehensive plan with three main objectives: reducing carbon emissions, protecting land and sea areas, and afforestation and land reclamation.

* Quote: “وطويلة م�ستدامة خطة تنفيذ على اخل�سراء ال�سعودية مبادرة ت�سرف تقليل هي: �ساملة اأه��داف بثالثة املبادرة وت�سرت�سد املناخي، للعمل الأج�ل املناطق وحماية الأرا�سي، وا�ست�سالح والت�سجري الكربونية، النبعاثات الربية والبحرية.” (Translation: The Saudi Green Initiative aims to reduce emissions through a comprehensive three-pronged plan focusing on climate action, protecting land and coastal areas, and afforestation and reclamation.)

* **Kingdom’s Net-Zero Target:** Saudi Arabia announced its aim to reach net-zero emissions by 2060, positioning this target as a crucial benchmark for evaluating a nation’s commitment to addressing climate change and environmental protection.

* Quote: “ويف مواجهة اأزمة التغري املناخي اأُ�س�ست هذه املبادرة، والتي كانت قاعدة ال�سفري يف اإلى احلياد للو�سول تهدف اأنها اململكة اأعلنت النطالقة، حيث عام 2060، ول �سك اأن حتديد موعد للو�سول اإلى احلياد ال�سفري بات من اأهم املعايري لتحديد م�سار كل دولة يف معاجلة التغري املناخي وحماية البيئة على عملية يف هذا املجال البيئي.” (Translation: This initiative was established to confront the climate change crisis, with the Kingdom announcing its launch aiming to reach net-zero by 2060. Setting a net-zero target has become one of the most important criteria for determining each country’s path in addressing climate change and protecting the environment.)

* **The Riyadh Green Project:** This is identified as one of the largest afforestation projects globally and a key contributor to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030.

* It aims to increase the per capita share of green space in Riyadh, expand the total green areas, and intensify tree planting across the city, utilizing treated water for irrigation.

* The project is expected to improve air quality and reduce city temperatures.

* An investment of thirty billion riyals is allocated for projects related to environmental protection and conservation, targeting the planting of over 15 million trees.

* The per capita share of green space is projected to increase from 1.7 square meters to 28 square meters by 2030, potentially reducing Riyadh’s temperature by 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius.

* Over 3,300 parks of various sizes and 43 large parks will be established to enhance the quality of life.

* Quote: “ويف هذا الإطار يعد م�سروع الريا�ض اخل�سراء واحدًا من اأكرث م�سروعات اأحد امل�ساهمة يف حتقيق م�سروعات اأحد العامل، وهو الت�سجري طموحًا يف الريا�ض بني نظرياتها مدينة ت�سنيف برفع »2030 ال�سعودية »روؤية اأهداف من مدن العامل مب�سيئة الله.” (Translation: In this context, the Riyadh Green Project is considered one of the largest projects globally and a significant contributor to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, aiming to elevate Riyadh’s ranking among world cities, God willing.)

* Quote: “ي�ساهم يف حت�سني جودة الهواء وخف�ض درجات احلرارة يف املدينة.” (Translation: It contributes to improving air quality and reducing temperatures in the city.)

* Quote: “ويف نطاق ال�ستثمار �سيتم يف م�سروع الريا�ض اخل�سراء تنفيذه بثالثني مليار ريال يف تاأ�سي�ض م�سروعات لها عالقة بحماية البيئة واملحافظة عليها، التي ت�ستهدف غر�ض ما يزيد على 15 مليون �سجرة، ورفع معدل ن�سيب الفرد النطاق احل�سري 28 مرتًا مربعًا داخل اإلى 1.7 امل�ساحات اخل�سراء من من 2030، مما �سي�سفر عن خف�ض ملمو�ض يف درج�ات احل�رارة يف بحلول عام الريا�ض من 1.5 درجة اإلى درجتني، بالإ�سافة اإلى ذلك �سيتم توفري اأكرث من 3300 حديقة متفاوتة احلجم و43 حديقة كبرية احلجم لأجل حت�سني جودة” (Translation: Within the scope of investment in the Riyadh Green Project, thirty billion riyals will be allocated to establish projects related to environmental protection and conservation, targeting the planting of over 15 million trees and increasing the per capita share of green spaces from 1.7 to 28 square meters within the city by 2030, which will result in a noticeable reduction in Riyadh’s temperatures by 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. Additionally, more than 3300 parks of varying sizes and 43 large parks will be provided to improve quality of life.)

**II. Eid al-Fitr Celebrations and Consumer Behavior:**

* **Royal Greetings and Prayers:** The excerpts detail the performance of Eid prayers by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince in Jeddah and Mecca, respectively, along with greetings exchanged with officials and dignitaries.

* **Messages of Hope Regarding Real Estate:** Following directives from the Crown Prince concerning the provision of developed land in Riyadh, citizens expressed optimism about the real estate sector’s future, its ability to support other sectors, and its capacity to meet diverse needs.

* Citizens believe the measures will help regulate the market, increase land availability, prevent speculation, and balance supply and demand, ultimately leading to more suitable options for individuals.

* Emphasis is placed on transparency in land distribution, with conditions preventing immediate resale or exploitation by speculators.

* **Eid Festivities and Entertainment:** Various activities and celebrations are mentioned across Saudi Arabia, including cultural and recreational events, interactive games, and Quranic competitions. These are seen as aligning with Saudi Vision 2030 and fostering a sense of unity and participation.

* **Shift to Online Shopping:** Statistics indicate that 70% of Saudis prefer to shop online during Eid holidays, attributed to convenience, speed, and the ability to compare prices easily, aiding consumers in selecting high-quality products at suitable prices. E-commerce offers access to a wider range of products and efficient delivery services.

* **Domestic Tourism Growth:** Data from Wego (a travel platform) shows a rise in domestic travel during Eid al-Fitr 2025, indicating a shift in travel patterns within the Kingdom. While some expatriates return home, Saudi travelers are increasingly interested in cultural and recreational trips within the country.

* Popular domestic destinations, along with international destinations like Europe and parts of Asia, are highlighted.

* The average duration of Eid travel increased to four days in 2025 compared to two days in 2024.

* **Consumer Spending Trends:** A recent survey by “Toluna” and “Markettiers Lab” reveals a significant shift in consumer behavior during Eid al-Fitr 2025, with a focus on social gatherings, cultural activities, and luxury shopping, leading to increased spending across various sectors (gifts, retail, entertainment, and restaurants).

* Price discounts remain the top factor influencing purchasing decisions (49%), followed by bundled offers (40%) and extra quantity for the same price (38%).

* Cashback offers (33%) and free or discounted shipping (30%) are also important.

* The study emphasizes the importance for companies and brands to align their strategies with these new trends by offering exclusive deals, valuable experiences, or luxury products.

* **Riyadh Real Estate Market:** The Crown Prince’s directives regarding land development in Riyadh were met with relief and optimism by citizens, who anticipate the resolution of real estate challenges, increased supply, and price stabilization, ultimately supporting economic and real estate development.

**III. Oil Market Analysis:**

* **OPEC’s Demand Forecast:** OPEC expects strong oil demand growth to continue in 2026, projecting an increase of 1.4 million barrels per day globally. Non-OECD countries are expected to drive this growth.

* **Supply Outlook:** Non-OPEC+ liquid supply is anticipated to grow by 1.0 million barrels per day in both 2025 and 2026, with the United States, Norway, Canada, and Brazil being key contributors.

* **Oil Tanker Market:** Spot freight rates for clean and dirty tankers saw increases in February across most monitored routes, particularly for VLCCs due to new sanctions impacting supply.

* **Crude Oil and Product Trade:** U.S. crude oil imports declined but remained above 6 million barrels per day, while crude oil exports and product imports remained stable. Product exports generally remained at the upper end of the five-year range. European and Japanese crude oil imports also showed increases. India’s crude oil imports averaged 4.9 million barrels per day in January.

* **Commercial Stock Movements:** Preliminary data for January 2024 showed an overall increase in OECD commercial oil inventories by 1.0 million barrels, but they remained 188.1 million barrels below the 2015-2019 average. Crude oil stocks increased, while product stocks decreased.

* **OPEC+ Crude Oil Demand:** The demand for crude oil from OPEC+ participating countries remains unchanged from previous assessments, projected at 42.6 million barrels per day in 2025 and 42.9 million barrels per day in 2026.

* **Petrochemical Sector as Demand Driver:** The petrochemical sector is highlighted as a major driver of oil demand due to significant expansions globally.

* **OPEC Basket Price:** The OPEC basket price decreased by $2.57 per barrel in February, averaging $76.81 per barrel.

* **Impact of U.S. Policies:** U.S. customs duties and sanctions on Iranian and Venezuelan oil create mixed signals for oil markets. While sanctions reduce supply, economic policies could decrease long-term demand.

* **Analyst Perspectives:** BMI analysts maintain their Brent crude oil price forecast at an average of $76 per barrel in 2025, down from $80 per barrel in 2024, citing market consolidation.

* **Regional Oil Developments:** The article mentions developments in Iraq (BP’s Kirkuk field redevelopment), the Kurdistan oil exports, and China’s increasing imports of Canadian crude oil. It also touches upon Nigeria’s potential oil sector overhaul and Vitol’s reported exit from its U.S. shale oil assets.

* **Impact on India:** U.S. sanctions on Venezuelan oil are prompting Indian refiners to halt imports. India is also considering reducing taxes on LNG imports to address its trade deficit with the U.S.

* **Refining Industry:** Brazil’s Petrobras is increasing refinery capacity. Shell is shifting its focus towards fossil fuels and increasing shareholder returns while maintaining oil production. Mexico’s Pemex is reportedly in talks to jointly operate a major offshore oil field.

* **LNG Prices:** LNG prices for May delivery to Northeast Asia have fallen to their lowest in three months.

**IV. Regional Political Developments:**

* **Syria:** President Bashar al-Assad called on Alawi fighters in the northwest to surrender their weapons, warning of consequences. The government announced a security operation in the Latakia and Tartous governorates. The UN envoy expressed concern over civilian casualties and urged restraint. Russia also called for de-escalation. Iran condemned the killing of innocent Syrians.

* **Sudan:** Army Commander Abdel Fattah al-Burhan vowed to fight until victory against the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), ruling out peace unless the RSF lays down arms. The army claimed to have regained control of the presidential palace in Khartoum. The RSF acknowledged withdrawing from Khartoum but vowed to return. Al-Burhan dismissed any negotiations with the RSF. The conflict, ongoing for two years, has caused massive displacement and casualties. The country is effectively divided.

* **Gaza:** The Israeli occupation forces continued their operations in Gaza, resulting in numerous Palestinian casualties, including children, due to airstrikes and artillery shelling. Areas in Khan Younis, Rafah, and Jabalia were targeted, with homes destroyed.

* **Al-Aqsa Mosque:** Despite Israeli restrictions on entry, a large number of Muslims performed Eid prayers at the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Some Palestinians were prevented from entering.

* **Eid in the Middle East:** Dr. Fayez bin Abdullah Al-Shehri provides an overview of the significant political, economic, social, and security transformations in the Middle East between the last Eid al-Fitr (1445 AH – 2024 AD) and the current one (1446 AH – 2025 AD).

* He notes a decline in the influence of some prominent regional players and the emergence of new forces amidst shifting power balances.

* Lebanon witnessed a decline in Hezbollah’s effectiveness.

* Hamas’s role in Palestine has been severely impacted by the ongoing conflict in Gaza.

* Syria saw the fall of the Assad regime after decades, with a new system emerging.

* The Houthis in Yemen continue to operate despite losing Iranian support.

* Economically, the gap between the Gulf states (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar) and other regional countries is widening due to the Gulf states’ diversification efforts.

* Turkey experienced a historic shift in local elections.

* Egypt and Turkey are normalizing relations.

* The author concludes that the Middle East is undergoing a profound reshaping, facing intertwined political, economic, and security challenges.

**V. Local News and Sports:**

* **Commencement of Riyadh Theatre Project:** The first phase of a theatre project, “Rimah in the Tent of My Uncle,” will tour various cities in Saudi Arabia starting in May 2025.

* **MBC’s Eid Coverage:** MBC1 offered extensive coverage of Eid al-Fitr, including morning and evening programs featuring celebrations from different regions of Saudi Arabia, along with movies and concerts.

* **Profile of Poet Nafal bin Ali Al-Harbi:** A brief profile highlights the wisdom and strong meanings in the poetry of the veteran poet Nafal bin Ali Al-Harbi.

* **Growth of Non-Oil Exports:** Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports, including re-exports, increased by 10.7%, indicating a shift towards a more productive economy. The growth is attributed to investments in logistics and infrastructure under the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP). China remains a top trading partner.

* **Analysis of Trade Balance:** While imports also rose, the trade balance decline is seen as part of the economic transformation, with imports increasingly being intermediate goods for local industry.

* **Unique Religious Achievement During Ramadan:** The Kingdom hosted approximately 10 million Umrah pilgrims during Ramadan, a record number, showcasing the state’s efforts in managing the massive influx with efficient logistics and modern technologies. The smooth experience for pilgrims is highlighted as part of Vision 2030’s goals for developing the Hajj and Umrah sector.

* **200 Parks and Celebration Squares Prepared in Tabuk:** The Tabuk Municipality prepared over 200 parks and squares for Eid al-Fitr celebrations, including maintenance, cleaning, decorations, and various festive activities.

* **”SAR” Transports 1.2 Million Passengers in Ramadan:** The Saudi Railways Organization (“SAR”) successfully transported 1.2 million passengers during Ramadan, a 21% increase compared to the previous year, highlighting the efficiency and commitment to serving pilgrims.

* **Al-Ula’s Historical Significance:** The Incense Route is highlighted as a testament to Al-Ula’s historical role in trade and cultural exchange, making it a significant historical destination.

* **Al-Adalah Club Honors Legends:** Al-Adalah Football Club organized a friendly match and honored veteran players as part of its social responsibility program.

* **Marmoush Leads Man City to FA Cup Semi-Final:** Egyptian player Omar Marmoush scored as Manchester City advanced to the FA Cup semi-finals.

* **”Roshan” League Competition Heats Up:** The competition in the Saudi Professional League is intense among top teams like Al-Hilal, Al-Nassr, Al-Ittihad, and Al-Ahli. Strong squads, star players, and tactical approaches are key factors.

* **Saudi Arabia to Host 2034 FIFA World Cup:** This is seen as a historic event reflecting the country’s development in the sports sector and infrastructure. The strong bid and government support were crucial. Modern stadiums, advanced technology, and a welcoming environment are expected.

* **Al-Fateh’s Struggle to Avoid Relegation:** Despite winning the league in 2013, Al-Fateh has been struggling to avoid relegation in recent seasons.

* **Significant Support and Development in Women’s Sports:** Women’s sports in Saudi Arabia have witnessed remarkable progress with official support, leading to increased participation in various sports locally and internationally. The establishment of women’s sports federations, participation in international events, and the launch of the women’s football league are highlighted.

* **Challenges Facing Sports Academies:** While sports academies in Saudi Arabia have made progress in developing talent, challenges remain in focusing on younger age groups, the need for stronger competition, and uneven investment across regions.

* **”Yelo” League Promotion Race:** The competition for promotion to the Saudi Professional League from the First Division (“Yelo” League) is tight, with Neom leading but closely followed by other teams.

* **Al-Saad and Al-Adalah Qualify for Handball League Semi-Finals:** Al-Saad and Al-Adalah handball clubs qualified for the semi-finals of the Prince Faisal bin Fahd Premier League.

* **Devotional Atmosphere During Eid Prayers:** The Ministry of Islamic Affairs prepared thousands of mosques and prayer grounds across Saudi Arabia for Eid al-Fitr prayers.

* **Farewell to Saad Al-Lathidh:** A column reflects on the challenges faced by Saad Al-Lathidh in his position, suggesting the immense pressures led to his resignation.

* **Simple Joys of Eid:** An article emphasizes the essence of Eid being about inner joy and genuine connections rather than superficial appearances.

This briefing provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse topics covered in the “Al Riyadh” excerpts, highlighting key initiatives, events, trends, and perspectives relevant to Saudi Arabia and the wider region as of late March 2025 (as indicated by the newspaper’s date).

Saudi Arabia: Green Initiatives, Economy, and Regional Events

Frequently Asked Questions about the Provided Sources

1. What are the primary goals of Saudi Arabia’s “Green Initiative” (مبادرة السعودية الخضراء) as outlined in the Al Riyadh newspaper? The Saudi Green Initiative, according to the article, aims to reduce carbon emissions, protect and rehabilitate land and marine areas, and improve the climate in the long term. It is built upon three main objectives: combating climate change, protecting terrestrial and marine environments, and afforestation and land reclamation to reduce carbon emissions.

2. What is the significance of Saudi Arabia setting a target for reaching net-zero emissions, and what year is this target set for? The article emphasizes that setting a date to reach net-zero emissions has become a crucial benchmark for evaluating a country’s commitment to addressing climate change and environmental protection. Saudi Arabia has announced its aim to reach net-zero emissions by the year 2060, highlighting its serious approach to this global challenge.

3. Can you describe the “Riyadh Green Project” (مشروع الرياض الخضراء) and its objectives? The Riyadh Green Project is described as one of the largest afforestation projects globally and a significant contributor to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030. Its objectives include increasing the per capita share of green space in Riyadh, boosting the total green area, intensifying tree planting across the city, optimizing the use of treated water for irrigation, improving air quality, and reducing urban heat.

4. What are the planned investments and expected outcomes of the Riyadh Green Project by 2030? The Riyadh Green Project involves an investment of thirty billion riyals dedicated to establishing environment protection and conservation projects. The target is to plant over 15 million trees and increase the per capita share of green spaces from 1.7 square meters to 28 square meters by 2030. This is expected to result in a noticeable reduction of 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius in Riyadh’s temperature. Additionally, over 3,300 parks of varying sizes and 43 large parks will be developed to improve the overall quality of life.

5. Based on the article, what are some key observations regarding Eid Al Fitr in Saudi Arabia in 2025? The article indicates several trends for Eid Al Fitr in 2025: increased social gatherings and higher spending in markets, a rise of 15.57% in domestic travel, with Egypt, Pakistan, India, and Turkey being popular international destinations. There is also a noticeable shift in consumer behavior towards social activities, cultural events, and luxury shopping. Statistics suggest that 70% of Saudis prefer online shopping during holidays, and travelers are increasingly interested in cultural and recreational travel, exploring destinations in Europe and Asia.

6. What measures were reportedly being considered to address issues in the real estate sector in Riyadh? According to the article, the Crown Prince issued directives aimed at providing planned and developed land in Riyadh, which were received with optimism. There was an emphasis on releasing messages to citizens and implementing similar measures in other regions suffering from land scarcity and high prices. The measures were expected to facilitate land trading, prevent monopolies, and create a balance between supply and demand in the Riyadh real estate market, ultimately supporting economic and real estate development. Transparency in land distribution was also highlighted, with conditions being praised that would prevent speculators from acquiring land.

7. What does the article suggest about Saudi Arabia’s efforts in diversifying its economy beyond oil? The article highlights the significant increase in non-oil exports (including re-exports) by 10.7%, with chemical exports alone forming 23.7% of the total. This shift is attributed to strategic investments in developing logistical infrastructure and services (the “Nadaleb” program) that connect national industries with international markets more efficiently. Despite an increase in imports, the trade balance contraction is viewed positively, indicating a shift towards importing productive inputs for local industry rather than solely consumer goods, reflecting a move towards productive empowerment. The improved coverage ratio of non-oil exports to imports (from 35.7% to 36.5%) demonstrates greater self-sufficiency and resilience to external shocks, especially in global energy markets.

8. What were some of the key events and situations reported in the “Middle East: What is the State Between Two Eids?” section of the newspaper? This section of the article describes significant political, economic, social, and security transformations in the Middle East between the Eid Al Fitr of 2024 and 2025. Notable events included a reported decline in Hezbollah’s activity in Lebanon, the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict with a focus on Gaza, a potential shift in Syria’s political landscape, the continuing Houthi issue in Yemen, a widening economic gap between Gulf states and others, Turkey’s municipal elections showing a shift in power, and a diplomatic thawing between Turkey and Egypt. Overall, the region was depicted as undergoing a period of significant upheaval and realignment.

Saudi Green Initiative: Addressing Climate Change

The sources discuss a Climate Change Initiative led by Saudi Arabia, primarily referred to as the Saudi Green Initiative. This initiative is described as a comprehensive plan with three main objectives: reducing carbon emissions, protecting land and sea areas, and afforestation and land reclamation.

This initiative was established to confront the crisis of climate change. Saudi Arabia announced its launch, with the goal of reaching carbon neutrality by the year 2060. The source emphasizes that setting a specific date for achieving carbon neutrality has become a crucial benchmark for evaluating each nation’s approach to tackling climate change and safeguarding the environment in the long run.

In response to climate change, Saudi Arabia has adopted a new policy and prepared a strategy aimed at protecting the environment and the Earth. However, the sources highlight that the effective implementation of this environmental protection and the adoption of concrete steps place a significant responsibility on individuals. This responsibility includes rationalizing water consumption, ceasing food wastage, and embracing a new lifestyle that fosters collective action in safeguarding the planet.

The sources also note that international policies have introduced numerous new terms in the context of combating climate change. The Saudi Green Initiative and similar efforts represent a significant shift in the endeavors to counter the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, these initiatives underscore the pivotal role that Saudi Arabia can play in identifying solutions to climate change.

Saudi Green Initiative: Carbon Neutrality by 2060

Based on the sources and our previous discussion, the goal of reaching carbon neutrality by the year 2060 is a central aspect of Saudi Arabia’s Saudi Green Initiative.

Here’s a breakdown of what the sources indicate regarding reaching carbon neutrality:

• The Saudi Green Initiative was launched with the explicit aim of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. This long-term target signifies Saudi Arabia’s commitment to addressing climate change.
• The sources emphasize that setting a specific date for reaching carbon neutrality has become a critical benchmark for evaluating how seriously each country is addressing climate change and protecting the environment. This suggests that the 2060 target is not just an aspirational goal but a measure against which Saudi Arabia’s progress will be assessed internationally.
• The establishment of the Saudi Green Initiative, with its carbon neutrality goal, is presented as a response to the climate change crisis.
• The initiative aims to achieve its objectives, including reducing carbon emissions, through various means such as protecting land and sea areas, and afforestation and land reclamation. These actions are intended to contribute to the larger goal of carbon neutrality.

In essence, the sources position the commitment to reaching carbon neutrality by 2060 as a fundamental pillar of Saudi Arabia’s comprehensive strategy to combat climate change through the Saudi Green Initiative.

Green Riyadh Initiative: An Overview

Based on the provided sources, the Green Riyadh project is not explicitly mentioned. However, the concept of a greener capital city is alluded to in the “كلمة العاصمة الخضراء” (The Green Capital Word) section of the newspaper.

This section, written by Nawal Al-Jabir, appears on page 16 of the Monday, March 31, 2025 issue of Al-Riyadh newspaper. While the specific details and scope of a “Green Riyadh project” aren’t elaborated upon in the provided excerpts, the heading itself indicates an initiative or discussion related to making Riyadh a greener city.

Our conversation history discusses the broader Saudi Green Initiative, which aims to reduce carbon emissions, protect land and sea areas, and promote afforestation and land reclamation across Saudi Arabia [Me]. It is possible that the “Green Riyadh” concept, as suggested by the newspaper section heading, is a part or a regional implementation of this larger national initiative, focusing specifically on the city of Riyadh.

The sources also mention directives from the Crown Prince regarding the real estate sector in Riyadh, aiming to provide planned and developed residential lands for citizens. These directives are intended to revitalize construction and development in the capital. While not directly related to environmental greening, these efforts suggest a focus on the future development and enhancement of Riyadh.

In summary, while the “Green Riyadh project” isn’t detailed in the sources, the newspaper excerpt suggests an initiative or concept focused on making Riyadh a greener city. This could potentially be linked to the broader Saudi Green Initiative discussed in our previous conversation [Me].

Riyadh Real Estate Development: Crown Prince’s Directives

The sources contain significant information regarding real estate development, particularly in Riyadh, following directives from the Crown Prince.

Here’s a breakdown of the key points:

• Crown Prince’s Directives for Riyadh: The Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, who is also the President of the Council of Ministers, issued directives aimed at the real estate sector in Riyadh. These directives focus on the Royal Commission for Riyadh City and the real estate sector working to provide planned and developed residential lands for citizens who wish to build homes, administrative offices, or industrial facilities.
• Goals of the Directives: The primary objectives of these directives are to address the real estate situation in the capital, particularly after a notable increase in property prices. The expectation is that these measures will collectively contribute to revitalizing construction and development operations throughout Riyadh.
• Positive Reception and Optimism: Citizens, especially residents of Riyadh, have received these directives with considerable relief and optimism regarding the future of the real estate sector. They believe that the sector can effectively support other industries and meet the diverse housing needs of citizens and businesses at reasonable and suitable prices, without excessive inflation.
• Impact on the Real Estate Market: The directives are seen as timely and are expected to lead to:
• An increase in the supply of land.
• The provision of suitable housing environments for citizens.
• The revitalization of the real estate market, both residential and commercial.
• An increase in the level of transparency in the sector.
• A more stable and sustainable real estate market, positively impacting the Saudi economy.
• Addressing Issues and Regulations: The sources highlight several key issues being addressed:
• Combating Monopoly and Speculation: The approval of amendments to the White Land Fees system is part of governmental efforts to stimulate development, increase the supply of land, combat real estate monopoly, and enable citizens to own suitable housing.
• Landlord-Tenant Relationship: The Crown Prince’s directives also include studying the regulation of the relationship between landlords and tenants, aiming to address many of the issues arising from this relationship in the residential and commercial rental markets. The goal is to achieve a balance between the interests of all parties, enhance the attractiveness of living and investing in the Kingdom, and protect the rights of all stakeholders while making costs manageable and promoting the sustainability of the real estate sector.
• Scale of Land Provision: Recent reports indicate that a total of 81.48 square kilometers of previously undeveloped land has been allocated for real estate development, further contributing to the urban renaissance in Riyadh.
• Monitoring the Market: The Crown Prince’s directives include developing and monitoring the real estate market, with relevant authorities working to safeguard the market from harmful practices and enhance investment opportunities in line with Riyadh’s ambition to become one of the largest economies among cities globally.
• Impact on Inflation: These measures are also expected to positively influence the stability of inflation rates across various sectors by supporting the business sector and other industries in managing real estate costs, thereby increasing their competitiveness.

In relation to our previous conversation, while the “Green Riyadh” project was not detailed in the sources, these real estate development initiatives suggest a broader focus on the future growth and enhancement of Riyadh. It’s possible that environmental considerations and green initiatives could be integrated into these development plans, although the current excerpts primarily focus on land provision, market regulation, and economic impact.

Eid: Online Celebrations and Digital Connection

The sources contain several references to the online aspects of Eid celebrations:

• Social Media for Greetings and Engagement: Following the advent of Eid al-Fitr, citizens exchanged congratulatory messages on social media platforms. Social media platforms like Instagram and Snapchat have become “new arenas” for showcasing Eid outfits, moving away from traditional family gatherings to a wider online audience. This digital shift has led to greater attention to coordinating outfits, with users sharing photos and videos for feedback and inspiration. Followers can comment on these looks and exchange tips, making the experience of choosing Eid clothing more interactive.
• Interactive Online Festivities: Eid festivities are becoming more interactive through online platforms, allowing public participation and the sharing of comments during events. People can also engage in live competitions broadcast online by artists, creating a celebratory atmosphere similar to real-life events.
• Podcasts as a Connecting Tool: Podcasts have become a significant media for conveying the atmosphere of Eid, allowing listeners to immerse themselves in the rituals and traditions, even if they are away from their original environments or families. They serve as a “new link” between individuals, regardless of geographical distances, enabling the sharing of Eid stories and exploration of diverse cultural traditions around the world, from pre-Eid preparations to regional foods and celebratory songs. Influencers in the podcasting realm dedicate episodes to sharing their special Eid memories and spontaneous moments during family gatherings, enriching the listening experience and fostering a sense of belonging and connection. The podcast experience extends beyond just listening, as audiences can send audio recordings of their own experiences, creating a form of interactive virtual family gatherings where everyone can participate in sharing memories and even the joy of “Eidiya” (Eid money), bridging the gap for those separated from loved ones.
• The Metaverse for Expatriates: The “Metaverse” is presented as an innovative way for expatriates to experience the joy of Eid virtually. It allows them to be present in virtual spaces that resemble and are decorated like their homes for Eid, enabling them to celebrate with family and friends despite the distance. These virtual environments go beyond audio and video calls, offering immersive experiences where expatriates can exchange digital sweets and gifts and even greet their loved ones through their digital avatars, contributing to the revival of family and social bonds and alleviating feelings of alienation during the holidays. This technology is expected to become a primary means for expatriates to celebrate in the future, reducing the impact of distance on social connection and family ties.
• Official Greetings Online: The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, conveyed Eid al-Fitr greetings to citizens and Muslims worldwide via his account on the ‘X’ platform, praying for the security, stability, and prosperity of the nation and for peace to prevail in the Islamic world.
• Television Broadcasts: While not strictly “online,” television also plays a role in disseminating Eid celebrations and atmosphere. There are direct broadcasts and coverage of Eid from Mecca and Medina, as well as daily coverage from various cities and governorates across the Kingdom, showcasing Eid al-Fitr activities. These broadcasts often include reports from different Saudi cities, highlighting Eid traditions and customs, as well as reports from various parts of the Arab world about how Eid is welcomed and celebrated. Television programs also feature interviews with artists and actors to discuss their Ramadan work and share their Eid memories. Channels like “MBC1” offer special Eid programming with interviews, concerts, and movies under the title “Hayaak Ya Eid”. There is also audience interaction reported with Eid concerts.

In summary, the sources highlight a significant trend towards incorporating online platforms and technologies to enhance and broaden the reach of Eid celebrations, facilitating connections, sharing traditions, and creating virtual experiences, particularly for those who are geographically separated from their loved ones.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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The provided Arabic news articles and English translations cover a range of topics. One major focus is on Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, detailing efforts to enhance services for pilgrims, develop the tourism sector, and celebrate cultural events like Eid al-Fitr. Another significant theme is regional conflict, reporting on Israeli strikes in Lebanon and the ongoing impact of conflict in Gaza, as well as political developments in Syria and South Sudan. Energy markets are also discussed, with articles analyzing oil price fluctuations, OPEC+ production plans, and natural gas market trends. Finally, social and cultural commentary appears, addressing topics like dialogue ethics, consumer debt in Saudi Arabia, and the importance of Eid traditions.

Pilgrimage, Tourism, and Regional Events: A Study Guide

Quiz

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

1. According to the article, what is a key goal of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 regarding the number of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims?
2. The article mentions the “Guest of Rahman Program.” What are the three main strategic goals of this program as part of Vision 2030?
3. Beyond the increase in pilgrim numbers, what other aspect of their experience does Saudi Arabia aim to enrich?
4. What recent event in Lebanon is mentioned in the article, and why is it considered significant?
5. According to the report from Gaza, what is the approximate total number of Palestinian deaths reported since the beginning of the Israeli offensive in October 2023?
6. Who was recently appointed as the Grand Mufti of Syria, and what is mentioned about his past stance?
7. What is the King Salman Project for Riyadh City aiming to provide for citizens, and what are some of the conditions attached?
8. The article highlights the large number of worshippers at the Masjid al-Haram during the last nights of Ramadan. What specific preparations and services were provided to accommodate them?
9. What is the main argument presented in the opinion piece titled “Innovation: The Lever of the Economy”?
10. What key development project is mentioned in the article as a major step in transforming Tarout Island into a sustainable tourism and cultural hub?

Quiz Answer Key

1. Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 aims to increase the number of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims to 30 million by the year 2030. The article notes that significant progress has already been made towards achieving this ambitious goal.
2. The three main strategic goals of the Guest of Rahman Program are to facilitate access to the Two Holy Mosques, provide distinguished hospitality to pilgrims, and offer high-quality services while enriching their religious and cultural experience.
3. Beyond increasing the number of visitors, Saudi Arabia is keen on enriching the religious and cultural experience of the pilgrims visiting the holy sites. This includes promoting the values of moderation, tolerance, and balance.
4. The article mentions the first Israeli airstrike on the southern suburb of Beirut since the cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah in November. This event is significant as it breaks the relative calm that had been in place.
5. According to the Ministry of Health in Gaza, the total number of Palestinian deaths since the beginning of the Israeli offensive in October 2023 had reached 50,277 by March 18, 2025, along with 114,095 injuries.
6. Sheikh Osama al-Rifai was recently appointed as the Grand Mufti of Syria. The article notes that he was a prominent opposition figure against President Bashar al-Assad and had been critical of the regime since the 2011 protests.
7. The King Salman Project for Riyadh City aims to provide residential land plots to citizens, ranging from 10,000 to 40,000 plots annually. Conditions include no prior real estate ownership by the applicant and restrictions on disposal, mortgaging, leasing, or selling for 10 years (except for mortgages for construction financing).
8. During the last nights of Ramadan, over two and a half million worshippers attended the Masjid al-Haram. Authorities doubled efforts, assigned qualified staff to organize spaces, operated around the clock with 3,500 workers for cleaning, and ensured the readiness of facilities, safety systems, and emergency plans.
9. The opinion piece “Innovation: The Lever of the Economy” argues that innovation, encompassing the generation of ideas and their transformation into solutions, products, and services, is the main driver for effective development, especially when coupled with conscious investment in technology, talent, and research.
10. The project to develop Darin and Tarout Islands, announced in October 2022 with a budget of 2.64 billion riyals, is highlighted as a pivotal step in transforming the islands into a sustainable tourism and cultural attraction center.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness between Saudi Arabia’s efforts to enhance the experience of pilgrims to the Two Holy Mosques and its broader Vision 2030 goals for tourism and economic diversification.
2. Discuss the regional implications of the conflicts and political developments reported in the provided excerpts from Lebanon, Gaza, and Syria, considering their potential impact on stability and international relations.
3. Evaluate the significance of innovation and cultural heritage in the context of Saudi Arabia’s economic and social transformation, drawing evidence from the articles on tourism and economic development.
4. Critically examine the human cost of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as depicted in the provided reports from Gaza and the West Bank, and discuss the challenges in achieving a lasting resolution.
5. Based on the various news items, analyze the key domestic and foreign policy priorities that appear to be shaping Saudi Arabia’s actions and initiatives in the region and beyond.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Two Holy Mosques (الحرمين الشريفين – Al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn): Refers to the two most sacred mosques in Islam: the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina.
• Vision 2030 (رؤية 2030 – Ruʼyah 2030): Saudi Arabia’s ambitious strategic framework launched to reduce the kingdom’s reliance on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• Guest of Rahman Program (برنامج خدمة ضيوف الرحمن – Barnāmaj Khidmah Ḍuyūf al-Raḥmān): An initiative under Vision 2030 focused on enhancing the experience of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims through improved services and enriched cultural and religious experiences.
• Umrah (عمرة): A voluntary Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that can be undertaken at any time of the year, distinct from the mandatory Hajj.
• Hajj (حج): The annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam, which all able-bodied Muslims who can afford to do so are obliged to perform at least once in their lifetime.
• Grand Mufti (مفتي عام – Muftī ʿĀmm): The highest religious legal authority in a Sunni Muslim state, responsible for issuing religious edicts and guidance.
• Cessation of Hostilities (وقف إطلاق النار – Waqf ʾIṭlāq al-Nār): A formal agreement to stop fighting.
• Airstrike (غارة جوية – Ghārah Jawwīyah): An attack by military aircraft.
• Residential Land Plots (أراض سكنية – Arāḍī Sakanīyah): Parcels of land designated for building homes.
• Masjid al-Haram (المسجد الحرام): The Great Mosque of Mecca, the holiest site in Islam, which surrounds the Kaaba.
• Innovation (ابتكار – Ibtikār): The creation of new ideas, methods, products, or services.
• Cultural Heritage (تراث ثقافي – Turāth Thaqāfī): The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
• Tourism Hub (مركز جذب سياحي – Markaz Jadhb Siyāḥī): A central point or area that attracts a significant number of tourists due to its attractions, facilities, and accessibility.
• Economic Diversification (تنويع اقتصادي – Tanwīʿ Iqtiṣādī): The process of shifting an economy away from a single income source toward multiple sources from a growing range of sectors and markets.
• Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) (نازحون – Nāziḥūn): People who have been forced to leave their homes but remain within their country’s borders.

Briefing Document: Analysis of Provided News Sources

Sources: Excerpts from “20727.pdf” (Al-Riyadh Newspaper, Issue 20727, March 30, 2025)

Overview:

This briefing document summarizes the main themes and important information presented in the provided excerpts from Al-Riyadh newspaper, issue 20727, dated March 30, 2025. The articles cover a range of topics including Saudi Arabia’s focus on serving pilgrims, developments in the tourism sector, international relations and conflicts (Lebanon, Gaza, Syria), economic news (oil prices, gas markets), and various social and cultural aspects within Saudi Arabia and the wider region.

Main Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

1. Saudi Arabia’s Commitment to Serving Pilgrims:

• Vision 2030 and Pilgrim Services: The excerpts highlight the Kingdom’s dedication to serving pilgrims and enriching their religious and cultural experience. This is directly linked to the goals of Vision 2030, which aims to attract 30 million pilgrims and Umrah performers annually by 2030.
• “وبالحديث عن خدمة الحجاج والمعتمرين والزوار، لا يمكن تجاهل برنامج خدمة ضيوف الرحمن الذي جاءت به رؤية 2030 بأهدافه الثلاثة، وهي: الوصول إلى الحرمين وتسهيل المعتمرين، واستضافة شريفين، وتقديم خدمات ذات جودة عالية وإثراء التجربة الدينية والثقافية لضيوف الرحمن.”
• (Translation: Speaking of the service of pilgrims, Umrah performers, and visitors, one cannot ignore the Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program brought by Vision 2030 with its three objectives: Access to the Two Holy Mosques and facilitating the pilgrims, hosting the honorable ones, and providing high-quality services and enriching the religious and cultural experience for the Guests of Al-Rahman.)
• Crown Prince’s Dedication: The Crown Prince’s personal attention to upgrading services for the Two Holy Mosques and their visitors is noted.
• “ويعتبر وصول سمو ولي العهد إلى مكة المكرمة ووقوفه على اهتمام امتدادًا لاهتمام خادم الحرمين الشريفين بخدمة قاصديهما وإثراء تجربتهم الدينية في الأراضي المقدسة…”
• (Translation: The arrival of His Highness the Crown Prince to Makkah Al-Mukarramah and his personal attention are considered an extension of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ attention to serving their visitors and enriching their religious experience in the holy lands…)
• Appreciation for Saudi Efforts: The efforts of the Kingdom in serving the Two Holy Mosques are recognized and respected by Islamic countries and organizations, as well as by the pilgrims themselves.
• “وتبقى جهود المملكة في خدمة الحرمين الشريفين محل تقدير واحترام من دول العالم الإسلامية، والمنظمات الإسلامية، وكذا من ضيوف الرحمن أنفسهم، الذين يوجهون الشكر والتقدير إلى قيادة…”
• (Translation: The Kingdom’s efforts in serving the Two Holy Mosques remain a subject of appreciation and respect from Islamic countries, Islamic organizations, as well as from the Guests of Al-Rahman themselves, who extend their thanks and appreciation to the leadership…)
• Eid al-Fitr Message: A message from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, emphasizes the meanings of unity, compassion, and fraternity on Eid al-Fitr.
• “# خادم الحرمين: عيد الفطر يوم فرح وسرور تتجلى فيه معاني الوحدة والتراحم والإخاء”
• (Translation: Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques: Eid al-Fitr is a day of joy and happiness in which the meanings of unity, compassion, and fraternity are manifested.)

2. Developments in the Saudi Tourism Sector:

• Significant Growth: The Saudi tourism sector is experiencing annual growth, attributed to major economic and developmental transformations led by the Crown Prince.
• “المملكة تحقق ارتفاعًا عامًا بعد عام، إذ تشير الأرقام السياحية إلى تعزز القطاع السياحي من تحقيق ارتفاعات متتالية، سجل عام 2023 نموًا ملحوظًا بفضل الاستفادة من التحولات الاقتصادية والتنموية، التي قادها صاحب السمو الملكي ولي العهد الأمين محمد بن سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود -حفظه الله- منذ ثمانية أعوام.”
• (Translation: The Kingdom is achieving an annual increase, as tourism figures indicate the strengthening of the tourism sector from achieving successive increases. The year 2023 recorded significant growth thanks to benefiting from the economic and developmental transformations led by His Royal Highness the Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may Allah protect him – since eight years.)
• Increased Tourist Numbers: The number of tourists in the Kingdom reached 109 million in 2023, including 27.4 million inbound tourists.
• “وارتفع عدد السياح في المملكة إلى 109 مليون سائح، بينهم 27.4 مليون سائح وافد و81.9 مليون سائح محلي…”
• (Translation: The number of tourists in the Kingdom rose to 109 million tourists, including 27.4 million inbound tourists and 81.9 million domestic tourists…)
• Vision 2030 Impact: This tourism surge is a direct result of ongoing reforms and development projects aimed at enhancing the Kingdom’s attractiveness, including developing tourist destinations, preserving heritage, and improving infrastructure.
• “وتأتي هذه القفزة السياحية ضمن رؤية 2030 كنتيجة مباشرة للإصلاحات المستمرة، والمشاريع الكبرى التي تهدف إلى تطوير الوجهات السياحية وتنمية التراثية، وتحسين البنية التحتية الداعمة للقطاع.”
• (Translation: This tourism leap comes within Vision 2030 as a direct result of ongoing reforms and major projects aimed at developing tourist destinations, developing heritage sites, and improving the supporting infrastructure for the sector.)
• Importance of Public Decorum: Maintaining public decorum is considered crucial for enhancing the tourism experience and reflecting the values of respect and awareness.
• “وفي ظل “رؤية 2030″، بات تحسين الذوق العام عنصرًا مهمًا عن أي وقت مضى وجعلها تجربة أكثر راحة وجاذبية للسياح سواء من الأجانب والمواطنين المحليين…”
• (Translation: Under “Vision 2030,” improving public decorum has become a more important element than ever before, making it a more comfortable and attractive experience for tourists, whether foreigners or local citizens…)
• Island Development: Projects like the development of Darin and Tarout Islands are highlighted as pivotal steps in transforming these areas into sustainable tourist and cultural hubs.
• “وأشار العمدة إلى أن مشروع تطوير جزيرة دارين وتاروت، الذي أُعلن عنه في أكتوبر 2022 بميزانية 2.64 مليار ريال، يمثل خطوة محورية في تحويل الجزيرة إلى مركز جذب سياحي وثقافي مستدام…”
• (Translation: The Mayor pointed out that the Darin and Tarout Islands development project, announced in October 2022 with a budget of 2.64 billion riyals, represents a pivotal step in transforming the island into a sustainable tourist and cultural attraction center…)

3. International Relations and Conflicts:

• Lebanon-Israel Tensions: The first Israeli airstrike on the southern suburb of Beirut since the November ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah is reported.
• “# لبنان: أول غارة إسرائيلية على الضاحية منذ وقف إطلاق النار”
• (Translation: Lebanon: First Israeli airstrike on the suburb since the ceasefire.)
• Gaza Conflict: The ongoing Israeli offensive in Gaza continues, with a reported death toll of 50,277 martyrs and 114,095 injuries since October 2023.
• “# غزة: حصيلة العدوان الإسرائيلي 50,277 شهيدًا و114,095 إصابة”
• (Translation: Gaza: Toll of the Israeli aggression: 50,277 martyrs and 114,095 injuries.)
• The report details continued Israeli shelling and destruction in various areas of the Gaza Strip.
• Syria – Appointment of a New Mufti: President Bashar al-Assad appointed Sheikh Osama al-Rifai as the new Grand Mufti of Syria, replacing the previous one who was dismissed. Al-Rifai is known for his opposition to the Assad regime and his moderate religious discourse.
• “# سورية: تعيين الشيخ الرفاعي مفتيًا عامًا”
• (Translation: Syria: Appointment of Sheikh al-Rifai as Grand Mufti.)
• The US Embassy in Syria issued a warning to its citizens about the increased risk of attacks during Eid al-Fitr.
• Iraq-Jordan Relations: Iraq requested the relocation of its World Cup qualifier match against Jordan to a neutral venue or to be played without spectators due to alleged hostile events and racist chants during a recent Iraq-Palestine match in Amman.
• “# العراق يطلب نقل مباراته مع الأردن ألرض محايدة”
• (Translation: Iraq requests to move its match with Jordan to neutral ground.)
• South Sudan Peace Agreement: While not directly a conflict report in the traditional sense of ongoing fighting, the article mentions the commitment to the 2018 peace agreement in South Sudan despite political tensions and allegations of hindering its implementation.
• The UN Secretary-General António Guterres urged South Sudanese leaders to prioritize the peace agreement, recalling the devastating civil wars of 2013 and 2016.

4. Economic News:

• Oil Market Fluctuations: Oil prices declined amid recession fears, despite recording three consecutive weekly gains. OPEC+ is preparing to begin its program of monthly oil production increases in April.
• “# النفط يتراجع وسط مخاوف الركود رغم تسجيله ثالث مكاسب أسبوعية متتالية أوبك+ تتأهب لبدء برنامجها للزيادات الشهرية في إنتاج النفط في أبريل”
• (Translation: Oil retreats amid recession fears despite recording three consecutive weekly gains; OPEC+ prepares to begin its program of monthly increases in oil production in April.)
• The article discusses factors influencing oil prices, including potential US tariffs, OPEC+ production plans, and US crude oil inventories.
• Natural Gas Market: Liquefied natural gas (LNG) spot prices in Asia reached their lowest level in about six months due to weak demand in China and Japan. However, support is expected from rising European demand.
• “# أسعار الغاز المسال في آسيا عند أدنى مستوى في ستة أشهر وسط ضعف الطلب الصيني”
• (Translation: Liquefied natural gas prices in Asia at their lowest level in six months amid weak Chinese demand.)
• The long-term global demand for LNG is projected to rise significantly by 2040.
• Saudi Central Bank Initiatives: The Saudi Central Bank has taken initiatives to regulate consumer lending and address the high levels of personal debt.
• The “Responsible Financing Initiative” aims to control the randomness in financing operations for individuals.

5. Social and Cultural Aspects:

• Eid al-Fitr Celebrations and Traditions: The anticipation and joy surrounding Eid al-Fitr in Saudi Arabia are described, including traditional customs like “Hawamah” and the preparation of special dishes.
• “Ithraa” Center’s Role: The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (“Ithraa”) in Dhahran is highlighted for its diverse cultural activities and its role in fostering creativity, learning, and community engagement.
• “في عصر التكنولوجيا والتحول الرقمي، تأتي “إثراء” كواحدة من أعظم المبادرات الخيرية التي أطلقتها المملكة العربية السعودية، لتجسد التزامها بدعم الشرائح المحتاجة وتعزيز العمل الخيري بأسلوب شفاف ومنظم.”
• (Translation: In the era of technology and digital transformation, “Ithraa” comes as one of the greatest charitable initiatives launched by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, embodying its commitment to supporting needy segments and promoting charitable work in a transparent and organized manner.)
• Importance of Innovation in Economy: An opinion piece emphasizes the crucial role of innovation in driving economic growth and sustainability.
• “# الابتكار رافعة الاقتصاد”
• (Translation: Innovation is the lever of the economy.)
• Critique of Dogmatism in Intellectual Discourse: An article discusses the role of a critic, emphasizing analysis and understanding over forceful persuasion, drawing on Islamic principles of non-compulsion in belief.
• Debt and its Social Implications: An article explores the historical and contemporary issues surrounding debt, its impact on individuals and societies, and the emergence of movements advocating for “debt justice.”

Conclusion:

These excerpts from Al-Riyadh newspaper provide a snapshot of various significant events and ongoing trends in Saudi Arabia and the wider Middle East region as of March 30, 2025. Key themes include Saudi Arabia’s unwavering commitment to serving pilgrims and developing its tourism sector under Vision 2030, persistent geopolitical tensions and conflicts in the region, fluctuations in global energy markets, and ongoing social and cultural discussions within the Kingdom. The articles collectively paint a picture of a dynamic region grappling with both opportunities for growth and persistent challenges.

Saudi Arabia: Serving Pilgrims and Vision 2030 Tourism Goals

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the primary goals of Saudi Arabia concerning the Two Holy Mosques and their visitors, as highlighted in the text? Saudi Arabia, under the leadership of King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, prioritizes serving the Two Holy Mosques (Makkah and Madinah) and their visitors. The main goals include ensuring the comfort and enriching the religious experience of pilgrims and Umrah performers. This involves providing high-quality services, promoting the message of moderation, tolerance, and balance emanating from the Two Holy Mosques to the world, and showcasing the noble message of Islam.
2. What is the “Guest of the Most Merciful” program, and how does it align with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030? The “Guest of the Most Merciful” program is a key initiative aimed at serving Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. It aligns directly with the goals of Vision 2030 by facilitating access to the Two Holy Mosques, providing distinguished hospitality, offering high-quality services, and enriching the religious and cultural experience of the guests of Allah (the Most Merciful). A significant objective, tied to Vision 2030, is to increase the number of pilgrims and Umrah performers to 30 million by the year 2030, a target that has already seen substantial progress.
3. How are the efforts of Saudi Arabia in serving the Two Holy Mosques and pilgrims viewed internationally? The efforts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in serving the Two Holy Mosques and pilgrims are highly appreciated and respected by Islamic nations and international organizations. Pilgrims themselves express their deep gratitude and appreciation to the Saudi leadership for their dedication and care.
4. What significant tourism developments and goals are underway in Saudi Arabia as part of Vision 2030? Saudi Arabia’s tourism sector is experiencing major transformations under Vision 2030. The number of tourists has significantly increased, reaching 109 million in 2023, including both domestic and international visitors. This surge is a direct result of comprehensive reforms and development projects aimed at enhancing the Kingdom’s appeal as a tourist destination. Key initiatives include developing new and existing attractions, improving infrastructure, and focusing on cultural and heritage tourism. Projects like the development of Tarout Island exemplify the commitment to creating sustainable tourism hubs.
5. How is “public etiquette” (الذوق العام) seen to contribute to Saudi Arabia’s tourism goals within Vision 2030? Enhancing public etiquette is considered crucial for achieving Saudi Arabia’s tourism objectives under Vision 2030. A refined public etiquette, reflecting values of respect and cultural awareness, is seen as a fundamental pillar in building a modern and attractive society for both local and international visitors. It contributes to a positive image of the country and enhances the overall tourist experience by ensuring respectful interactions and a comfortable environment in public spaces.
6. What was the significance of the large gathering at the Grand Mosque in Makkah towards the end of Ramadan, as mentioned in the text? The gathering of over 2.5 million people at the Grand Mosque in Makkah on the 29th night of Ramadan to witness the completion of the Quran recitation ( ختم القرآن ) during the Taraweeh and Isha prayers is a highly significant event. It highlights the deep spiritual atmosphere of the holy month and the strong devotion of Muslims, drawing an immense number of worshippers to the Haram.
7. What does the excerpt suggest about Saudi Arabia’s role in promoting Islamic values to the wider world? The text emphasizes Saudi Arabia’s intention to convey the message of the Two Holy Mosques to the world, promoting the values of moderation, tolerance, and balance. By serving the Haramain Sharifain and facilitating the religious experience of millions of pilgrims, the Kingdom aims to project the noble and inclusive message of Islam on a global scale.
8. Beyond serving pilgrims, what other areas of development and global engagement are highlighted for Saudi Arabia in these excerpts? Beyond its religious role and tourism ambitions, Saudi Arabia is portrayed as a nation undergoing significant economic diversification and development under Vision 2030. This includes large-scale projects like NEOM and the Red Sea Project, aiming for innovation and sustainability. The Kingdom is also actively engaging on the international stage, as seen through its participation in events like Anime Japan 2025, indicating a commitment to cultural exchange and showcasing Saudi creativity globally.

Serving Pilgrims at the Two Holy Mosques

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia places immense importance on serving the pilgrims (Hajj and Umrah) and visitors of the Two Holy Mosques in Makkah and Madinah, considering it a unique honor bestowed upon them by Allah. This service is viewed as unparalleled, and the leaders of the country, from King Abdulaziz to King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, have consistently strived for excellence in providing services that ensure pilgrims can perform their rituals with ease and convenience.

Continuous Improvement and Leadership Commitment:

• The Saudi leadership is dedicated to elevating the level of services provided to pilgrims, aiming for distinction and excellence in facilitating the performance of religious rites with comfort and ease.
• Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman closely monitors the affairs of the Holy Mosque in Makkah, particularly during peak times like Ramadan, to ensure the Kingdom’s aspirations for comprehensive services are met, offering the highest degrees of comfort to pilgrims.
• The Kingdom has expressed gratitude to the millions of Umrah pilgrims who performed their rituals with sincerity and to the various state sectors for their significant efforts in serving them.

Comprehensive Services and Facilities:

• The Kingdom endeavors to provide everything that facilitates pilgrims’ performance of their rituals in security, tranquility, and peace.
• Pilgrims arriving at the Holy Mosque in Makkah have been able to perform their rituals with ease and security, thanks to the services provided by the Kingdom and the projects implemented under the leadership’s direct supervision.
• The General Authority for the Care of the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques actively mobilizes its resources and coordinates with relevant entities to receive pilgrims, organize their entry, and provide designated paths for those with disabilities and the elderly.
• Numerous facilities are available at the Holy Mosque, including directional signs, restrooms equipped for cleanliness, perfuming, and sterilization, a large supply of Zamzam water, the provision of thousands of prayer rugs, organized entry and exit systems, special access for people with disabilities and the elderly, and the availability of golf cart services.
• The latest technologies, such as advanced data analysis and artificial intelligence, are employed to organize the movement of Umrah pilgrims and worshippers within the Holy Mosque, ensuring smooth entry and exit.

Organizational and Logistical Efforts:

• Organizing the Hajj and Umrah rituals is a unique administrative and human endeavor involving all state agencies to coordinate and provide services, raise awareness, and create conditions that facilitate the performance of rituals with ease and safety.
• The success in serving millions of diverse pilgrims is a result of a comprehensive system that includes modern organizational methods, technology, meticulous planning, coordination, human interaction, efficient implementation, thorough supervision, continuous follow-up, evaluation, and ongoing development.

Challenges and Expectations:

• Despite the extensive efforts, instances of disrespecting the regulations and the sanctity of the Two Holy Mosques by some pilgrims occur, which is considered unethical and contrary to Islamic principles.
• The Kingdom expects pilgrims to adhere to the clear regulations and easy procedures established for their benefit.

In conclusion, the service of pilgrims is a paramount priority for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, driven by a sense of religious duty and a commitment to providing the best possible experience for those visiting the Two Holy Mosques. This commitment is evident in the continuous efforts of the leadership, the provision of comprehensive facilities and services, and the sophisticated organizational systems in place to manage the large influx of pilgrims..

Vision 2030: Tourism and Pilgrim Services

Based on the sources, several goals of Vision 2030 are discussed, particularly in relation to the tourism sector and the service of pilgrims.

Here’s a summary of the Vision 2030 goals mentioned:

• Increasing the number of pilgrims and Umrah performers to 30 million by 2030. This is a significant aspiration within Vision 2030, and considerable efforts are underway to achieve it. A large part of this goal has already been realized.
• Enhancing the experience of pilgrims and visitors through the Pilgrim Experience Program (برنامج خدمة ضيوف الرحمن). This program, aligned with the objectives of Vision 2030, has the following aims:
• Facilitating arrival and access to the Two Holy Mosques for pilgrims and Umrah performers.
• Hosting honored guests (استضافة ضيوف الرحمن).
• Providing high-quality services.
• Enriching the religious and cultural experience of the guests of Al-Rahman (إثراء التجربة الدينية والثقافية لضيوف الرحمن).
• Major transformations in the tourism sector. Vision 2030 encompasses significant development and expansion in the tourism industry. This includes:
• Achieving consecutive increases in the tourism sector.
• Launching major projects aimed at developing tourist destinations.
• Enhancing cultural heritage.
• Improving the infrastructure supporting the tourism sector, including transportation and environmental development.
• Developing islands like Tarout into tourism hubs. The Darin and Tarout Islands development project, with a budget of 2.64 billion riyals, is a key step in transforming the islands into sustainable tourism and cultural centers.
• Improving public decency (الذوق العام). This is emphasized within Vision 2030 as it plays a significant role in creating an attractive tourism environment and enhancing the experience for both domestic and international visitors.

The efforts to serve pilgrims, as discussed in our previous conversation, are clearly integrated within the broader framework of Vision 2030, with the goal of increasing their numbers and enriching their experience being central to the Kingdom’s future plans. The development of tourism infrastructure and the overall enhancement of visitor experience are interconnected goals under Vision 2030.

Riyadh Real Estate: Transaction Lifting and Financing

Based on the sources provided, the concept of “real estate balance” is not explicitly discussed. However, there is information related to real estate activities and financing in the Kingdom, particularly in Riyadh.

Source announces the lifting of the suspension on various real estate transactions in specific areas of Riyadh. This includes:

• Selling, buying, division, and partitioning of land.
• The areas affected include land south of Prince Abdullah bin Saud Road (formerly Al-Khair Road), north of Abdulaziz bin Jalawi Road, east of Asma bint Malik Road, encompassing the Al-Arid district with an area of 17 square kilometers.
• Additionally, land north of King Salman Road, bordered by Abi Bakr Al-Siddiq Road and Al-Arid district from the east, Prince Khalid bin Bandar Road from the north, and Al-Quraywan district from the west, totaling 16.2 square kilometers, is included.
• This is in addition to two previously mentioned areas totaling 48.28 square kilometers, bringing the total area where the suspension has been lifted in Riyadh to 81.48 square kilometers.

This lifting of restrictions suggests a move towards activating the real estate market in these specific areas of Riyadh, potentially impacting the supply and demand balance within those zones. It indicates a governmental decision to facilitate real estate development and investment in these locations.

Furthermore, source mentions real estate financing operations in the context of discussing consumer loans and credit cards. According to the 2019 figures from the Saudi Central Bank, real estate financing had the highest percentage increase at 121%. This highlights the significant role of financing in the real estate sector of the Kingdom. The Central Bank’s “Responsible Financing Initiative” was introduced to regulate the arbitrariness in financing operations, including real estate.

While these points do not directly address the overall “real estate balance” of the entire Kingdom, they offer insights into governmental actions aimed at stimulating the real estate market in Riyadh and the importance of financing within the sector as indicated by past trends. The lifting of the suspension on land transactions can be seen as a measure to potentially increase land supply and facilitate development, which could influence the real estate balance in those specific areas over time.

Beirut Airstrike: Israel Targets Hezbollah Depot

Based on the sources, there has been a recent Israeli airstrike on the southern suburb of Beirut, Lebanon.

Here are the key details from the sources:

• The Israeli air force conducted a raid on the southern suburb of the Lebanese capital. This area is described as a stronghold of Lebanese Hezbollah.
• The airstrike targeted a building that Israel claimed was a weapons depot belonging to the “Hezbollah” group.
• Firefighters were attempting to extinguish the flames at the targeted building.
• The southern suburb experienced heavy traffic congestion as a large number of its residents tried to flee.
• The US State Department commented on the incident, reiterating Israel’s right to defend itself against rocket attacks from Lebanon.
• The US also stated that it is the Lebanese government’s duty to disarm groups like Hezbollah.
• This airstrike is reported as Israel’s first raid on the southern suburb since a ceasefire.
• Source includes a photograph showing smoke rising from the location of the Israeli airstrike in southern Lebanon.

Gaza Conflict: March 2025 Casualties and Impact

Based on the sources, the toll of the ongoing conflict in the Gaza Strip is significant.

Here’s a summary of the reported casualties:

• As of March 2025, the number of martyrs (deaths) in Gaza since October 7th has reached 50,277.
• The total number of injuries during the same period has reached 114,095.
• Specifically, since March 18th, the number of martyrs in Gaza reached 921, and the number of injuries reached 2,054.
• The Israeli occupation has been waging a “war of genocide” in the Gaza Strip for 12 consecutive days as of the time of reporting in source. This is stated despite a fragile truce that went into effect on January 19th.
• There are significant difficulties in searching for victims under the rubble due to the extensive destruction in the area.
• Rescue and ambulance crews faced great difficulties accessing the area.
• In one incident, the bodies of 12 martyrs and one injured person were recovered, but 14 members of civil defense teams remain missing after being besieged and targeted by Israeli occupation forces in the Sultan neighborhood of Rafah, south of the Gaza Strip. Rescue attempts were hindered by darkness.
• The Palestinian Red Crescent Society has also faced challenges, including the loss of contact with 15 of its members after Israeli occupation forces besieged and targeted them.

These figures highlight the devastating human cost of the ongoing conflict in Gaza, with a very high number of casualties and significant challenges for rescue and recovery efforts due to the intensity of the hostilities and the resulting destruction.

Royal Court: Today is the first day of Eid Al-Fitr Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques: Eid al-Fitr is a day of joy and happiness in which the meanings of unity, compassion and brotherhood are manifested.

We thank God Almighty for making it easy for millions of pilgrims, and we thank our sons and daughters who work faithfully in various sectors of the state.

The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – delivered a speech on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr for the year 1446 AH. Below is the text of the speech delivered by His Excellency the Minister of Information, Mr. Salman bin Yousef Al-Dosari:
(In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Praise be to God Almighty, who says in His Noble Book, “To Him ascends the good word and the righteous deed raises it,” and prayers and peace be upon His trustworthy Prophet, and upon his family and companions.

My sons and daughters, my brothers and sisters, citizens and residents of our dear homeland, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Muslims everywhere.

Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you:

We congratulate you on the blessed Eid al-Fitr and thank God Almighty, who helped us to fast and pray during the month of Ramadan and brought us to this blessed day, praying to God Almighty to May God accept our and your prayers and good deeds.
Dear brothers and sisters,
God Almighty has bestowed countless blessings upon our country, foremost among which is the service of the Two Holy Mosques and their pilgrims, Umrah performers, and visitors, and the provision of all necessary facilities to facilitate their performance of their rituals in security, peace, and tranquility.
As we thank God Almighty for enabling millions of pilgrims to perform Umrah and visit the Holy Mosques during the month of Ramadan this year, let us thank our sons and daughters who work sincerely in various sectors of the state for their great efforts in this field. Dear Muslims,
Eid is a day of joy and happiness, in which the meanings of unity, compassion, and brotherhood are manifested.
All praise and thanks are due to God Almighty for what He has given us. The Almighty said: (And that you may complete the number and glorify God for guiding you, and that you may be grateful.)
We ask God Almighty, by His grace and generosity, to bestow security and peace upon our country, the Islamic nation, and the entire world, and that stability and prosperity may prevail everywhere.
May the peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.

The Crown Prince directs measures to achieve balance in the real estate sector in the capital.

The Royal Commission directs the provision of residential lands for citizens.

Based on what has been studied by the Royal Commission for Riyadh City and the Council of Economic and Development Affairs regarding the real estate sector, and the rise in land prices and rents witnessed in Riyadh in recent years, and in order to achieve balance in the real estate sector, and after the issuance of the royal approval, His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister – may God protect him – has directed that a number of measures be taken in this regard.

The honor of serving the Two Holy Mosques

Khaled Al-Rabish

The Kingdom views serving the Two Holy Mosques and their pilgrims, Umrah performers, and visitors as an unparalleled service, a service that God has singled out for the Kingdom alone. Hence, the rulers of this country, since the era of the founder, King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman – may God have mercy on him – and up to the era of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz and his Crown Prince – may God protect them – have spared no effort in advancing this service and bringing it to the furthest point of excellence and brilliance, which contributes to the performance of the ritual with ease and simplicity. The arrival of His Highness the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz – may God protect him – to Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the late afternoon of the blessed month of Ramadan embodies the keenness of the wise leadership to closely follow up on the affairs of the Grand Mosque and the pilgrims of the Two Holy Mosques, through His Highness’s direct supervision of the integrated services system provided to visitors and pilgrims to the Two Holy Mosques; in order to achieve the aspirations of the Kingdom to provide the highest levels of comfort for the pilgrims of the Two Holy Mosques of all nationalities. The arrival of His Highness the Crown Prince in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and his inspection of the services provided to pilgrims is an extension of King Salman’s interest – may God support him – in the Two Holy Mosques, serving their visitors and enriching their religious experience in the Holy Lands. This contributes to conveying the moderate message of the Two Holy Mosques to the world, instilling the values ​​of moderation, tolerance and balance, and strengthening the sublime message of Islam, which originates from the Two Holy Mosques to the world. The modern history of His Highness the Crown Prince bears witness to his personal keenness to advance the service of the Two Holy Mosques and the pilgrims of God around the clock, through qualitative programs and plans that he is currently working on with great care and determination to achieve the aspirations of the Kingdom’s vision, the most important of which is to increase the number of pilgrims and Umrah performers to 30 million by 2030, a large part of which has been achieved on the ground, and sincere efforts continue to achieve the remaining aspirations. When it comes to serving pilgrims, Umrah performers, and visitors, the “Suf al-Rahman” (Guests of the Merciful) Service Program, introduced by Vision 2030, cannot be ignored, with its three strategic objectives: facilitating the hosting of pilgrims, facilitating access to the Two Holy Mosques, and providing high-quality services and enriching the religious and cultural experience of the “Guests of the Merciful.” The Kingdom’s efforts in serving the Two Holy Mosques and their visitors remain a source of appreciation and respect from countries around the world and Islamic organizations, as well as from the “Guests of the Merciful” themselves, who express their gratitude and appreciation to the Kingdom’s leadership for the attention they receive that exceeds their expectations.

Lebanon: First Israeli airstrike on Dahiyeh since ceasefire

An Israeli airstrike targeted the southern suburb of Beirut on Friday, for the first time since the ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel took effect on November 27, after the Israeli army launched strikes in southern Lebanon in response to rockets fired towards Israeli territory. The official Lebanese National News Agency reported that “Israeli warplanes raided the densely populated Hadath neighborhood in the southern suburb,” whose schools closed after the Israeli army issued an evacuation order for the area following the launch of two rockets at Israel in an operation for which no party claimed responsibility, and for which Hezbollah denied responsibility. Amid the buildings damaged by the strike, while firefighters were trying to put out the fire, paramedics were searching through the rubble and transporting the wounded, according to scenes from Agence France-Presse. The entrances to the southern suburb witnessed heavy traffic, as a large number of residents sought to flee. The US State Department said on Friday that Israel is defending itself against rocket attacks from Lebanon, and that it is the Lebanese government’s duty to disarm armed groups such as Hezbollah. The State Department spokesman’s comment came at a press conference in response to a question about Israel’s first airstrike on Beirut’s southern suburbs since a ceasefire agreement was reached in November. “Israel is defending its people and interests by responding to rocket attacks from terrorists in Lebanon,” the State Department spokesman said.

Gaza: The death toll from the Israeli aggression is 50,277 martyrs and 114,095 wounded.

Gaza – Nazir Taha

For the 12th consecutive day, the “Israeli” occupation continues its war of genocide on the Gaza Strip, leaving hundreds of martyrs and thousands wounded, in a blatant violation of the ceasefire agreement that went into effect on January 19. The Ministry of Health in Gaza announced on Saturday that the death toll and injuries since March 18, 2025, has reached 921, with 2,054 injuries, while the death toll from the Israeli aggression has risen to 50,277, with 114,095 injuries since October 7, 2023. The occupation continued its bombing and destruction of several areas in the Gaza Strip, where four martyrs were killed on Saturday afternoon as a result of the occupation bombing of an animal-drawn vehicle in the city of Khan Yunis, south of the Gaza Strip, while a number of others were injured. Among the citizens, the occupation forces bombed a group of citizens at the Arab Schools Intersection north of Rafah, south of the Gaza Strip. The occupation forces’ artillery bombed areas south of the Zeitoun neighborhood east of Gaza City, the town of Abasan al-Kubra in Khan Yunis south of the Gaza Strip, the Netzarim area west of al-Maghraqa in the central Gaza Strip, and Beit Hanoun north of the Gaza Strip. One martyr was killed and seven others were injured after the occupation forces targeted a house in the town of al-Qarara north of Khan Yunis city, south of the Gaza Strip. The occupation forces launched four raids on the al-Faluja area in the al-Janina neighborhood, east of Rafah city, while its vehicles fired continuously at the center of Rafah city. The occupation forces also destroyed residential homes in the al-Saudi neighborhood, west of Rafah, in the southern Gaza Strip.

Syria: Sheikh al-Rifai appointed Grand Mufti

Syrian President Ahmad al-Sarra’ appointed Sheikh Osama al-Rifai as Grand Mufti of Syria on Friday evening. He is one of the most prominent sheikhs opposed to ousted President Bashar al-Assad. The appointment was signed at the Republican Palace during a conference to form the Supreme Fatwa Council, attended by its members. Sheikh al-Rifai is a Damascene, born in 1944, and the son of the prominent preacher Abdul Karim al-Rifai. He studied under the leading scholars of Damascus, devoted himself to studying the Arabic language and Shafi’i jurisprudence, and is known for his moderate religious discourse. Al-Rifai did not hide his stance against the Assad regime since the start of the protests in 2011. He was beaten after a Friday sermon in 2011, when security forces stormed the mosque where he was preaching, which bore his father’s name, and beat the demonstrators and arrested a large number of them. The sheikh left Syria shortly after this incident. Al-Rifai served as president of the Syrian Islamic Council, which was established by a number of scholars and preachers in 2014 in Istanbul. He remained in the Turkish city until the Assad regime was overthrown, when he returned to Damascus, where he received a large popular reception.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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The provided texts from “20726.pdf” and associated web articles from alriyadh.com, dated March 28-29, 2025, encompass a variety of topics reflecting current events and developments in Saudi Arabia. Royal decrees announce new appointments in the foreign ministry and the military. Several articles highlight Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and its impact on various sectors, including a significant push for tourism, the modernization of the judicial system through digitalization, and reforms in education with updated curricula and increased investment. The nation’s ambition to become a leader in integrated energy, including renewables and hydrogen, is also detailed. Additionally, the sources cover social initiatives focused on youth development and marriage support, cultural preservation efforts, the role of Saudi women in evolving professional fields, and issues such as firework safety and food waste. International news includes the resumption of conflict in Gaza, challenges in the US egg market, and the stabilization of Red Sea shipping routes impacting diesel costs.

A Comprehensive Study Guide on Selected Articles from “Al-Riyadh” Newspaper (March 2025)

I. Overview of Themes

This study guide focuses on several key themes present in the provided excerpts from “Al-Riyadh” newspaper, dated March 28-29, 2025. These themes reflect significant aspects of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and current events. The primary areas covered are:

• Economic Transformation and Diversification: The focus on developing non-oil sectors like tourism and renewable energy.
• Social Reforms and Empowerment: Particularly the increased role of women in various sectors, including diplomacy and protocol.
• Judicial Reform and Governance: Efforts to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and scope of the judicial system.
• Human Capital Development: Initiatives in education, vocational training, and support for people with special needs.
• Cultural and Heritage Preservation: Recognizing and promoting Saudi Arabia’s rich cultural heritage.
• Philanthropy and Social Responsibility: The role of charitable organizations and volunteerism in national development.
• Public Safety and Awareness: Highlighting the dangers of celebratory practices like using fireworks.
• Regional and International Relations: Mentions of international partnerships and reactions to regional events.
• Global Economic Factors: The impact of global events on local markets, such as egg prices.
• Cultural Commentary and Arts: Reflections on cultural phenomena, historical figures, and literary works.

II. Key Concepts and Topics

• Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia’s ambitious long-term plan for economic diversification, social reform, and national development. Understand its core pillars and goals as they relate to the themes in the articles.
• Tourism Development: Strategies for attracting tourists, developing infrastructure (e.g., NEOM, Red Sea Project, Amaala, Al-Qiddiya), and promoting cultural and historical sites (e.g., Al-Hijr, Al-Diriyah).
• Women’s Empowerment: The increasing participation of Saudi women in the workforce, leadership roles, and traditionally male-dominated fields like diplomacy and protocol.
• Judicial System Reforms: The restructuring of courts, modernization of legal procedures through technology (e.g., e-courts, remote hearings), and expansion of specialized courts.
• Education and Training Initiatives: Efforts to improve curriculum, teacher quality, vocational training (e.g., MISK Foundation programs), and inclusive education for people with special needs.
• Renewable Energy Development: Saudi Arabia’s push towards renewable energy sources (solar, wind), investment in storage technologies, and the goal of diversifying the energy mix.
• Hydrogen Economy: The Kingdom’s ambition to become a major producer and exporter of clean hydrogen.
• Non-Oil Sector Growth: The increasing contribution of non-oil activities to the national economy.
• Protocol and Diplomacy: The evolving role of women in official events, diplomatic missions, and international engagements.
• Volunteerism and Charitable Work: The growing importance of volunteerism in achieving Vision 2030 goals and the role of organizations in social development.
• Cultural Heritage: Efforts to preserve and promote historical sites and intangible cultural heritage.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: Initiatives to educate the public on safety issues, such as the dangers of fireworks, and responsible consumption.
• Global Supply Chains: The impact of international events on local markets, as seen in the discussion of egg prices and Red Sea shipping disruptions.
• Cultural Analysis: Understanding the significance of cultural figures (e.g., Juha), literary works, and traditions within Saudi and Islamic contexts.

III. Short Answer Quiz

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

1. What are two key non-oil sectors that Saudi Arabia is actively developing as part of its Vision 2030?
2. According to the articles, how has the role of Saudi women in diplomacy and official events changed in recent years?
3. Describe one significant aspect of the judicial reforms being implemented in Saudi Arabia.
4. What is the MISK Foundation, and what is one of its key objectives related to Saudi youth?
5. What are some of the major tourism projects mentioned in the articles that aim to attract international visitors?
6. What are Saudi Arabia’s goals regarding renewable energy as outlined in the provided text?
7. How has the Saudi judicial system incorporated technology to enhance its operations?
8. What are some of the efforts being made to preserve and promote Saudi Arabia’s cultural heritage?
9. What are the main concerns highlighted in the articles regarding the use of fireworks during celebrations?
10. According to the articles, what are some factors contributing to the rise in egg prices?

IV. Answer Key for Short Answer Quiz

1. Two key non-oil sectors that Saudi Arabia is actively developing are tourism and renewable energy. The Kingdom is investing heavily in infrastructure and initiatives to attract tourists and diversify its energy sources away from oil.
2. The role of Saudi women in diplomacy and official events has significantly increased, with more women being appointed as ambassadors and taking on leadership roles in organizing official events and diplomatic missions. This reflects a strategic shift towards greater female participation in national development.
3. One significant aspect of the judicial reforms is the increased use of technology, such as the introduction of e-courts and remote hearings, to enhance the efficiency and accessibility of the judicial system for citizens and residents.
4. The MISK Foundation is an organization established by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman that focuses on empowering Saudi youth through various programs and initiatives, including leadership development and skill-building to prepare them for the future workforce.
5. Major tourism projects mentioned include NEOM, the Red Sea Project, Amaala, and Al-Qiddiya. These ambitious developments aim to create luxury destinations, transform islands, and offer diverse cultural, recreational, and wellness experiences.
6. Saudi Arabia aims to significantly increase the contribution of renewable energy to its energy mix, targeting 50% of electricity generation from renewables by 2030. The Kingdom is investing in solar, wind, and energy storage technologies to achieve this goal.
7. The Saudi judicial system has incorporated technology by establishing e-courts for filing cases and tracking lawsuits, offering remote hearing services (“Taqasi”), and generally digitizing legal procedures to save time, effort, and costs associated with traditional processes.
8. Efforts to preserve and promote Saudi Arabia’s cultural heritage include identifying and registering historical sites (with 15 sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage List), establishing institutions like the Ministry of Tourism (formerly the General Authority for Tourism and National Heritage), and developing cultural and heritage projects like the Diriyah Gate.
9. The main concerns regarding fireworks during celebrations are the high number of serious injuries, often affecting children, including severe burns, vision loss, and even amputations. Despite repeated warnings, these hazardous practices persist.
10. Factors contributing to the rise in egg prices include a severe outbreak of avian influenza that led to the culling of millions of birds in the United States, disruptions in supply chains, and increased demand. Global events and potential trade issues also play a role.

V. Essay Format Questions

Consider the following questions for essay responses. Develop well-structured essays with clear arguments and supporting evidence drawn from the provided sources.

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of economic diversification, social reforms (specifically women’s empowerment), and the goals of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, drawing specific examples from the provided articles.
2. Evaluate the significance of the judicial reforms highlighted in the articles for achieving a more just and sustainable future in Saudi Arabia, and discuss the role of technology in this transformation.
3. Discuss Saudi Arabia’s ambitious plans for developing its tourism sector as a key component of economic diversification. What are the main strategies and projects being implemented, and what are the potential challenges and opportunities?
4. Examine the role of human capital development, including education, vocational training, and initiatives for youth empowerment, in realizing the objectives of Vision 2030, as reflected in the provided newspaper excerpts.
5. Analyze the ways in which the provided articles illustrate Saudi Arabia’s efforts to balance modernization and progress with the preservation and promotion of its cultural heritage and values.

VI. Glossary of Key Terms

• Vision 2030: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s strategic framework launched to reduce the country’s reliance on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• Economic Diversification: The process of shifting an economy away from a single income source toward multiple sources from a growing range of sectors. In Saudi Arabia’s context, this primarily means developing non-oil industries.
• Tourism Development: The planning, creation, and marketing of attractions, facilities, and services to cater to the needs and wants of travelers.
• Women’s Empowerment: The process of increasing the capacity of women to make strategic life choices and to have control over resources and decision-making within the household and society.
• Judicial Reform: The process of changing and improving the judicial system to enhance its efficiency, fairness, accessibility, and transparency.
• E-courts: Digital platforms and systems used to conduct court proceedings, file documents, and access court information online.
• Remote Hearings (Taqasi): The practice of conducting court hearings virtually, allowing participants to attend remotely via video conferencing or other digital means.
• Human Capital Development: Investments in education, training, health, and well-being to enhance the skills, knowledge, and productivity of a nation’s workforce.
• MISK Foundation: A non-profit foundation established by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud focused on empowering Saudi youth through education, culture, science, and technology.
• Renewable Energy: Energy derived from natural sources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed, such as solar, wind, and hydropower.
• Hydrogen Economy: An economy in which hydrogen is used as a major form of energy storage and transport. Clean hydrogen is produced with low emissions.
• Non-Oil Sector: The parts of a country’s economy that are not related to the production and export of petroleum.
• Protocol (Marasim): The established rules of etiquette and procedure for official ceremonies, diplomatic occasions, and interactions.
• Diplomacy: The practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states or groups so as to settle or prevent conflict without recourse to war; the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations.
• Volunteerism: The practice of offering one’s time and services without expectation of payment.
• Cultural Heritage: The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: Organized efforts to disseminate information and raise consciousness about specific issues, such as safety precautions or health risks.
• Global Supply Chains: The worldwide network of organizations and activities involved in the production and delivery of a product or service to the consumer.
• Avian Influenza: Commonly known as bird flu, a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects birds.

Briefing Document: Analysis of Provided Sources

This briefing document reviews the main themes and important ideas presented in the provided excerpts from the “Al-Riyadh” newspaper, dated Friday-Saturday, 28/29-3-2025. The articles cover a range of topics reflecting Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and its ongoing transformations.

Key Themes:

1. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman as the Architect of Major Transformations: Several articles highlight the pivotal role of the Crown Prince in driving significant changes across various sectors in Saudi Arabia. He is consistently portrayed as the “maker of great transformations,” the “visionary leader,” and the “sponsor of the ambitious Vision 2030.”

• “ولي العهد.. صانع التحوالت الكبرى” (The Crown Prince… Maker of Major Transformations) – This headline itself underscores this central theme.
• The article on tourism mentions the “achievements of His Highness the Crown Prince” in positioning Saudi Arabia as a leader within the G20.
• The piece on judicial reform notes the increased focus on developing the judiciary under the leadership of King Salman and the Crown Prince.
• The article on women’s empowerment credits Vision 2030, spearheaded by the Crown Prince, for the “radical transformation” in women’s participation in the workforce and leadership roles.
• The report on charitable work and youth development notes the positive impact since the Crown Prince’s succession, leading to increased volunteerism.
• The energy sector article explicitly states that Saudi Arabia is moving towards a “major radical transformation” in the energy sector under the leadership of the Crown Prince.
• The “A Nation Loves You” concluding piece directly addresses the Crown Prince, acknowledging his leadership in achieving progress.

1. Vision 2030 as the Guiding Framework for National Development: The ambitious Vision 2030 serves as the central roadmap driving reforms and development across all sectors discussed in the articles.

• The report on the Saudi economy mentions the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” as the basis for its economic growth and diversification efforts.
• The tourism article explicitly states that the development of the tourism sector is within the “framework of working on diversifying the economy within Vision 2030.”
• The judicial reform piece highlights Vision 2030 as a “key turning point” in developing the judicial system, focusing on efficiency, integrity, and the use of technology.
• The education article notes that scientific research is one of the “main goals of Vision 2030,” aiming to transform the national economy into a knowledge-based one. It also details initiatives supporting the Vision within the education sector.
• The women’s empowerment article clearly states that “Vision 2030 [brought] a radical transformation in women’s empowerment policies.”
• The energy sector transformation is explicitly stated to be “according to Vision 2030.”
• The article on youth development and charitable work highlights the alignment of these efforts with the goals of Vision 2030, particularly in increasing volunteerism.

1. Economic Diversification and the Rise of Non-Oil Sectors: A significant focus is placed on diversifying the Saudi economy away from its traditional reliance on oil, with tourism being prominently featured.

• The introduction mentions the aim of achieving prosperity and well-being for all, suggesting a broader economic vision.
• Tourism is identified as “one of the most important sectors for developing the national economy,” aiming to leverage the Kingdom’s unique geographical location and attract global tourism investments.
• The article on energy discusses investments in renewable and clean energy sources, aiming for leadership in this sector and a reduction in emissions, indicating a move towards a more diversified energy portfolio.
• The piece titled “Non-oil activities represent half of the economy with a growth rate of 52% of the real GDP” (headline) directly highlights the success in economic diversification.

1. Tourism as a Key Pillar of Economic Diversification and National Identity: The development of the tourism sector is extensively discussed, emphasizing its economic potential and its role in showcasing Saudi Arabia’s heritage and culture.

• The article details the Kingdom’s historical significance as a destination for Muslim pilgrims and the government’s current efforts to diversify the tourism offerings to include cultural, recreational, and sports tourism.
• Major tourism projects like “NEOM,” “The Red Sea Project,” “AMAALA,” and “Al-Qiddiya” are highlighted as ambitious initiatives aimed at establishing Saudi Arabia as a prominent global tourism destination.
• The development and rehabilitation of historical sites like “Al-Dir’iyah” and “Al-Hijr” (Hegra) are mentioned as crucial for attracting tourists and showcasing the Kingdom’s rich heritage.
• The inclusion of 15 cultural sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage list and the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage are linked to Vision 2030’s goal of strengthening national identity and economic diversification.
• Dr. Emad Munshi, Head of the Saudi Tourism Association, is quoted emphasizing the government’s efforts to elevate citizens’ expectations regarding the entertainment sector, with significant investments being made.
• Events like “Riyadh Season” and “Boulevard World” are highlighted for their role in showcasing Saudi culture to both domestic and international tourists.

1. Judicial Reform as a Foundation for Justice and Development: The articles emphasize the ongoing reforms within the Saudi judicial system aimed at enhancing efficiency, transparency, and fairness, crucial for attracting investment and ensuring stability.

• The headline “Judicial Reform.. Pillar of Justice and Development” clearly establishes this theme.
• The report details the restructuring of courts, updating of legal systems, expanding specialized judiciary, and the adoption of digital technologies in legal procedures.
• The goal is to ensure “prompt justice” and enhance the quality of judicial services.
• Lawyer Ahmed Al-Fahila highlights the leadership’s significant attention to the judiciary to keep pace with economic, political, and social developments.
• The increased use of electronic courts and “remote litigation” (” التقاضي عن بعد “) is noted as a significant development, saving time, effort, and costs.
• The reforms are seen as embodying a “deep vision aimed at making justice a fundamental pillar for development and stability.”

1. Investment in Education and Human Capital Development: The sources underscore the importance of developing education and skills to meet the demands of the future economy, aligning with Vision 2030’s objectives.

• Scientific research is identified as a top priority within Vision 2030, with investments being made in universities and research centers to foster innovation and support student participation.
• The development and reform of education, including curriculum development, teacher training, and creating suitable learning environments, are highlighted.
• Initiatives like the development of kindergarten programs are mentioned as crucial for early childhood education and creating job opportunities.
• The alignment of curricula with the needs of the labor market and the promotion of national values, technical skills, and cultural heritage are emphasized.
• Efforts to support students with special needs through tailored educational environments and technologies are also highlighted, ensuring equal opportunities.

1. Transformation of the Energy Sector towards Sustainability and Renewables: The Kingdom is presented as actively pursuing a shift towards renewable energy sources and enhancing its role in the global energy landscape.

• Under the Crown Prince’s leadership, the energy sector is undergoing a “major radical transformation.”
• The aim is for Saudi Arabia to become the “strongest country in the integrated energy industry in the world,” including dominance in oil, gas, refining, petrochemicals, and leadership in renewable and clean energy with advanced technologies and low emissions.
• Significant investments in renewable energy projects (solar and wind) across the Kingdom are mentioned, with a target of 50% renewable energy in electricity production by 2030.
• Saudi Arabia aims to become a major hub for energy storage, with significant battery storage projects underway.
• The Kingdom’s participation in the international partnership to promote the hydrogen economy and fuel cells underscores its commitment to clean energy solutions.

1. Empowerment of Saudi Women in Various Fields: The articles highlight the significant progress in empowering Saudi women and increasing their participation in diverse sectors, particularly diplomacy and public relations.

• Vision 2030 is credited with a “radical transformation” in policies related to women’s empowerment, making them a fundamental part of the national development strategy.
• The increasing role of women in protocol and official events, including leadership positions, is noted.
• The number of Saudi women in diplomatic roles, including as ambassadors, and their active participation in international organizations are highlighted.
• The Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides training to support Saudi female diplomats’ professional and academic advancement, aligning with Vision 2030.
• The absence of regulations preventing women’s access to senior leadership positions in both the public and private sectors is emphasized.
• The increasing presence and leadership of Saudi women in the field of public relations and corporate communications are also showcased.

1. Youth Development and Engagement in Nation-Building: Several initiatives aimed at nurturing young talent and engaging them in the development of the Kingdom are discussed.

• The eighth anniversary of the Crown Prince’s pledge of allegiance is marked with citizens expressing their pride, loyalty, and commitment to supporting the leadership.
• The Crown Prince’s statement, “I am one of 20 million people, I am nothing without them, and I am the least and weakest example among them,” emphasizes his connection with the Saudi people.
• The “Leaders” track of the Misk Foundation, including programs like “Qiyadat 2030” (Leaders 2030) and “Elite,” aims to identify and develop young talent for leadership roles across various fields.
• The significant impact of the Misk Foundation in providing training hours and certifications is highlighted.
• Volunteer work is recognized as having a major role in achieving Vision 2030 goals, empowering youth, developing their skills, and fostering social responsibility.
• The increase in volunteerism since the launch of Vision 2030 is noted, with a target of reaching one million volunteers.

1. Philanthropic and Social Initiatives Contributing to National Development: The role of charitable organizations and social initiatives in supporting vulnerable populations and contributing to the overall development of the Kingdom is emphasized.

• The increased impact of charitable and social work since the Crown Prince’s succession is highlighted, attributed to principles of transparency and governance.
• The rise in youth participation in volunteer and charitable activities is noted.
• Charitable associations are seen as significantly contributing to sustainable development by activating the non-profit sector and aligning with Vision 2030 goals of an ambitious nation, a vibrant society, and a prosperous economy.

Important Ideas and Facts:

• Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing a comprehensive development agenda under Vision 2030, led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
• Economic diversification, particularly through tourism and non-oil sectors, is a key priority.
• Significant investments are being made in infrastructure and mega-projects to support these goals.
• Judicial reforms are underway to create a more efficient, transparent, and just legal system.
• Education and human capital development are crucial for building a knowledge-based economy.
• The energy sector is undergoing a significant transition towards renewable and sustainable sources.
• Saudi women are increasingly empowered and taking on leadership roles across various sectors.
• Youth engagement and development are vital for the Kingdom’s future.
• Philanthropic and volunteer efforts play a significant role in social development and achieving Vision 2030’s targets.

Other Notable Points:

• The articles reflect a positive and forward-looking perspective on Saudi Arabia’s progress and future.
• There is a strong emphasis on national unity, pride, and the leadership’s commitment to the well-being of its citizens.
• The date of the publication (March 2025) places these developments in the near-term context of Vision 2030’s ongoing implementation.

This briefing document provides a comprehensive overview of the main themes and important ideas presented in the provided excerpts, highlighting the significant transformations taking place in Saudi Arabia under the umbrella of Vision 2030.

Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030 Developments and Reforms

Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Recent Developments in Saudi Arabia

1. What are the primary goals of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, as highlighted in these sources?

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 aims to achieve comprehensive and sustainable development across various sectors. Key goals include diversifying the national economy away from its reliance on oil, with a significant focus on developing the tourism sector. The vision also emphasizes enhancing the quality of life for citizens and residents through improvements in areas such as healthcare, education, culture, and entertainment. Furthermore, Vision 2030 seeks to strengthen Saudi Arabia’s global standing and promote its rich cultural heritage.

2. How is the tourism sector being developed in Saudi Arabia as part of Vision 2030?

The development of the tourism sector is a central pillar of Vision 2030. Saudi Arabia is working to attract a large number of international and domestic tourists by leveraging its unique geographical location, historical sites (including Islamic holy sites and pre-Islamic archaeological treasures like Al-Hijr), and natural beauty. Significant investments are being made in large-scale tourism projects like NEOM, the Red Sea Project, Amaala, and Al-Qiddiya, which offer diverse experiences ranging from luxury resorts to cultural and entertainment hubs. The Kingdom has also streamlined visa processes, including the introduction of e-visas for numerous countries, to make it easier for tourists to visit.

3. What reforms are being implemented in the Saudi Arabian judicial system?

Substantial reforms are underway in the Saudi Arabian judicial system to enhance efficiency, transparency, and fairness. These reforms include the restructuring of courts, the updating of legal systems, the expansion of specialized courts (now exceeding 20), and the increased use of digital technologies in judicial procedures. Electronic courts and remote litigation services are being implemented to expedite case processing, reduce costs, and improve accessibility for citizens and residents. The leadership is prioritizing the judiciary to ensure a just and transparent legal environment that supports growth and stability.

4. How is Saudi Arabia transforming its education system to align with Vision 2030?

The transformation of the education system is a key priority to support the goals of Vision 2030. Efforts are focused on developing curricula that meet the needs of the future job market, enhancing teachers’ skills, and creating a stimulating learning environment. Initiatives include expanding early childhood education, supporting students with special needs, and fostering scientific research and innovation in universities. The Kingdom aims to cultivate a generation equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary for a diversified, knowledge-based economy.

5. What are the significant developments in Saudi Arabia’s energy sector, particularly in renewable and alternative energy sources?

Saudi Arabia is undergoing a major transformation in its energy sector, aiming to become a global leader in integrated energy, including renewable and clean energy sources. The Kingdom is making significant investments in solar and wind energy projects, with a goal of achieving 50% renewable energy in the electricity mix by 2030. It is also focusing on developing a hydrogen economy and has joined international partnerships to advance this sector. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia is becoming a prominent player in energy storage solutions, with the development of large-scale battery storage projects.

6. How has the role and empowerment of Saudi women evolved, particularly in light of Vision 2030?

Vision 2030 has brought about a radical shift in policies related to the empowerment of Saudi women. Women are increasingly participating in the workforce across various sectors, including leadership roles in protocol, diplomacy, and public relations. The Kingdom has appointed female ambassadors and increased the number of women working in diplomatic missions. Efforts are underway to create a more inclusive and equitable work environment, recognizing women’s unique capabilities and contributions to national development.

7. What efforts are being made to engage and develop Saudi youth for the future?

Saudi Arabia is actively investing in its youth through various initiatives aimed at fostering their skills, leadership potential, and civic engagement. The Mohammed bin Salman Foundation (Misk) is playing a key role by offering a range of programs, including leadership development (such as “Leaders 2030”), talent nurturing (“Global Voices”), and skills enhancement initiatives. Volunteerism is also being strongly encouraged as a means for youth to gain experience, develop skills, and contribute to their communities, aligning with the goals of Vision 2030 to reach one million volunteers.

8. What are some of the social and cultural aspects being addressed alongside Saudi Arabia’s economic and infrastructural development?

Beyond economic and infrastructural development, Saudi Arabia is focusing on preserving its cultural heritage, promoting arts and culture (as seen with the success of the “Sharea Al-A’sha” TV series), and fostering social responsibility. There is a growing emphasis on charitable work and social initiatives, with increased participation from youth. The Kingdom is also addressing social issues such as food waste and promoting responsible consumer behavior, particularly during significant religious periods like Ramadan and Eid.

Saudi Vision 2030: Kingdom’s Transformation

Saudi Vision 2030 is a comprehensive plan aimed at transforming the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia across various sectors. It was initiated under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.

Key Goals and Pillars of Vision 2030:

• Economic Diversification: A central aim of Vision 2030 is to diversify the Saudi economy away from its reliance on oil. This includes developing non-oil sectors and increasing their contribution to the GDP.
• Tourism Development: Vision 2030 has a strong focus on developing the tourism sector as a key driver of economic growth and diversification.
• The Kingdom aims to become a prominent tourist destination.
• Goals include attracting a large number of tourists, with a target of 150 million tourists by 2030.
• Significant investments are being made in mega tourism projects like the Red Sea Project, NEOM, and Amaala.
• The government has been working on governing the tourism sector with multiple entities involved in implementing the national tourism strategy.
• The introduction of the electronic tourist visa in 2019 for 63 countries has facilitated international tourism.
• The tourism sector is seen as a significant job creator for Saudi youth and is expected to increase employment opportunities and improve incomes.
• The Saudi tourism sector has witnessed significant growth in tourist numbers and spending.
• The Kingdom’s historical significance as a destination for religious pilgrims is being leveraged while also promoting cultural, entertainment, and sports tourism.
• Judicial Reform: Vision 2030 emphasizes the importance of a fair and efficient judicial system as a cornerstone of justice and sustainable development.
• Significant judicial reforms have been undertaken, including the restructuring of courts, updating legal systems, and expanding the scope of specialized judiciary.
• Digital transformation in the judiciary is a key aspect, with the increased use of electronic courts and platforms.
• The goal is to ensure the rule of law, enhance the investment climate, and improve the efficiency of the judiciary.
• The focus of the new penal system is on the interest of the victim and the rehabilitation of the criminal.
• Education Advancement: Transforming the education system is a high priority within Vision 2030.
• Efforts include updating curricula, adopting modern teaching methods, and integrating technology in the educational process.
• There is an emphasis on enabling teachers, fostering innovation and creativity, and preparing a capable generation for the future.
• Support for scientific research is a key objective, aiming to transform the national economy into a knowledge-based economy.
• Various initiatives and projects are underway to improve the quality of the educational process and align educational outcomes with the needs of the labor market.
• Energy Sector Transformation: Vision 2030 aims for Saudi Arabia to become the strongest integrated energy industry in the world.
• This includes maintaining its leadership in oil and gas while also focusing on renewable and clean energy and reducing emissions.
• Significant investments and projects are planned in the renewable energy sector, including solar and wind power.
• The Kingdom aims for 50% of electricity production from renewable sources by 2030.
• Saudi Arabia is also focusing on developing the hydrogen economy.
• Women’s Empowerment: Vision 2030 has brought about a radical shift in policies aimed at empowering women.
• Women’s participation in the labor market has significantly increased.
• There is a growing role for Saudi women in diplomacy and protocol.
• The Kingdom has appointed female ambassadors and increased the number of women working in diplomatic missions.
• Efforts are being made to develop policies in the field of protocol that meet the needs of diverse delegations.
• Social Development and Volunteering: Vision 2030 recognizes the importance of social development and active citizenship.
• Promoting volunteering is a key aspect, with a goal of reaching one million volunteers.
• Volunteering is seen as a way to raise awareness of social issues, empower youth, and contribute to building society.
• The non-profit sector is being activated and supported to achieve sustainable development goals.

Other Notable Aspects:

• Vision 2030 is driving overall development and progress in various sectors, including health and culture.
• The Kingdom’s growing international role, including its mediation efforts such as the agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran, is aligned with the Vision.
• The Kingdom aims to enhance its global standing and play a leading role in various fields.

In conclusion, Saudi Vision 2030 is a wide-ranging and ambitious plan that seeks to transform the Kingdom into a modern, diversified, and globally competitive nation while preserving its cultural heritage and values. It encompasses significant reforms and initiatives across economic, social, and political spheres, all geared towards achieving a brighter future for Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia: Royal Decrees and Vision 2030

Based on the sources, while they don’t explicitly list specific Royal decrees, it is evident that Royal decrees have been instrumental in several key developments and the implementation of Saudi Vision 2030.

Here’s a discussion of Royal decrees as implied by the provided text:

• Appointment of Leadership: The sources indicate that the appointment of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud as the Crown Prince by King Abdulaziz Al Saud (may Allah have mercy on him) was a pivotal moment. Such a significant appointment would be formalized through a Royal decree. Furthermore, his position as Chairman of the Council of Ministers would also likely be established by Royal decree.
• Foundation of Vision 2030: The launch of the Saudi Vision 2030, a comprehensive plan for the Kingdom’s future, under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, would have been initiated and mandated by Royal decrees. These decrees would have outlined the overarching goals, pillars, and the government’s commitment to achieving this transformation.
• Implementation of Judicial Reforms: The extensive judicial reforms discussed in the sources, including the adoption of significant new legal systems such as the Personal Status Law, the Civil Transactions Law, and the updated Penal Code, would have been enacted through a series of Royal decrees. These decrees provide the legal framework for these crucial changes aimed at enhancing justice and development.
• Advancement of Education: The ongoing efforts to develop the educational system by updating curricula, adopting modern teaching methods, and integrating technology, spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, likely stem from Royal decrees that mandate these transformations and allocate resources accordingly.
• Policies for Women’s Empowerment: The radical shift in policies aimed at empowering women would also be driven by Royal decrees that have enabled increased female participation in the workforce and in fields like diplomacy and protocol.
• Pledge of Allegiance: The commemoration of the eighth anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman signifies the importance of the initial Royal decree that appointed him to this position, which then necessitated the public pledge of loyalty.

In summary, while the sources don’t provide the text of specific Royal decrees, they strongly suggest that Royal decrees are the authoritative instruments through which major leadership changes are enacted and the ambitious goals and reforms of Saudi Vision 2030 are mandated and implemented across various sectors. These decrees provide the necessary legal and governmental backing for the wide-ranging transformations the Kingdom is undergoing.

Saudi Arabia Tourism: Growth and Vision 2030

The tourism sector in Saudi Arabia is experiencing significant growth as a key component of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 for economic diversification [Me, 9]. Our previous discussion highlighted the ambitious goals set for this sector, including becoming a prominent global tourist destination and attracting 150 million tourists by 2030 [Me].

The sources provide further details on this growth and the strategies driving it:

• Economic Dynamism and Investment: The tourism sector is described as one of the most dynamic sectors in the global economy, playing a crucial role in attracting foreign investments. The Saudi government has actively worked on governing the tourism sector, establishing six integrated entities to implement the national tourism strategy.
• Surge in Tourist Numbers and Spending: Saudi Arabia achieved 60 million tourist visits in 2023 and aims to reach 109 million by mid-2024. This substantial increase in tourist numbers has translated into significant spending, reaching 15 billion riyals, representing a roughly 10% contribution in spending.
• Job Creation and Human Capital Development: The growth in tourism is directly linked to increasing job opportunities and improving incomes for Saudi nationals. The government launched 100,000 initiatives in 2021 to create job opportunities within the tourism sector and to develop the skills of those working in tourism services through programs like “Ahlanha,” “Tourism Pioneers,” and programs focused on hospitality and travel skills. The number of people employed in the tourism sector reached 959,175 in the second quarter of 2024, showing a notable increase from the previous year.
• Leveraging Cultural Heritage: Saudi Arabia’s diverse cultural heritage is a significant asset in attracting tourists. The Kingdom boasts hundreds of historical sites and landmarks, some dating back to ancient eras. The management of cultural heritage is closely tied to Vision 2030, aiming to strengthen national identity and diversify the economy. Heritage is playing a key role in attracting investments, creating jobs, and fostering national pride. The cultural heritage sector is projected to contribute over 47.9 billion dollars to the Kingdom’s GDP by 2030.
• Strategic Initiatives and Regulations: The Ministry of Tourism has been instrumental in driving the sector’s growth, having covered a significant portion of its strategic steps since 2019 and launching 11 distinct tourist seasons. The ministry is also actively working with other governmental bodies to implement regulations that ensure quality services and protect the rights of tourists, thereby enhancing trust in the sector.

In summary, the tourism sector in Saudi Arabia is experiencing rapid and substantial growth, fueled by the ambitious goals of Vision 2030, significant governmental investment and strategic planning, a focus on leveraging the Kingdom’s rich cultural heritage, and a commitment to creating job opportunities and enhancing the overall tourist experience [Me, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. The increasing tourist numbers and spending indicate the success of these initiatives and the sector’s growing importance to the Saudi economy.

Saudi Vision 2030: Cultural Heritage and National Identity

The emphasis on cultural heritage is a significant aspect of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, playing a vital role in the Kingdom’s plans for economic diversification and the strengthening of national identity [8, Me].

• Driving Tourism: As discussed in our previous turn, Saudi Arabia’s diverse cultural heritage is recognized as a crucial asset for attracting tourists [8, Me]. The Kingdom possesses hundreds of historical sites and landmarks, some dating back to ancient eras, making it a unique destination for cultural tourism. The promotion of this heritage is a key strategy to achieve the ambitious tourism goals set under Vision 2030, including attracting a large number of international visitors [Me].
• Preservation and Maintenance Efforts: The Kingdom is making significant efforts to preserve and maintain its rich cultural heritage, ensuring its longevity and showcasing its authenticity to the world. This includes safeguarding its ancient history and diverse traditions.
• Economic Benefits: The focus on cultural heritage is not only about preservation but also about its economic contributions [8, Me]. It is playing a key role in attracting investments in the tourism and cultural sectors and creating job opportunities for Saudi nationals [8, Me]. Furthermore, the cultural heritage sector is projected to contribute over 47.9 billion dollars to the Kingdom’s GDP by 2030 [Me].
• Strengthening National Identity and Pride: The management of cultural heritage is closely tied to the goals of Vision 2030, aiming to strengthen national identity and foster a sense of national pride among Saudis [8, Me]. By highlighting the Kingdom’s rich history and cultural significance, Saudi Arabia aims to deepen the connection of its citizens to their roots and heritage.

In summary, the emphasis on cultural heritage in Saudi Arabia is a strategic move under Vision 2030, serving as a key pillar for tourism development, economic growth, job creation, and the reinforcement of national identity and pride [8, Me]. The Kingdom is actively working to preserve its historical sites and traditions, recognizing their immense value in achieving its Vision 2030 objectives.

Saudi Arabia: Judicial Reforms and Modernization

The sources highlight significant reforms within the Saudi judicial system, which are a key aspect of the Kingdom’s modernization efforts under Vision 2030 [13, Me].

• Digital Transformation: A prominent feature of the judicial reforms is the digital transformation of the sector. This includes the launch of electronic courts, the activation of digital evidence systems, and the implementation of remote litigation. These advancements have positively impacted the speed of case completion and the efficiency of judicial work.
• Enhancing Legal Awareness: Recognizing the scale of the expansion in judicial arenas, the Kingdom emphasizes the importance of enhancing legal awareness among individuals and institutions. This is crucial for ensuring that the public fully benefits from the ongoing updates and the digital transformation of the judiciary. Educational institutions and media play a central role in disseminating legal awareness through curricula, television programs, news reports, and awareness articles. Furthermore, legal education for investors and business owners is considered essential for supporting a stable investment environment.
• Development of Legal Systems: The reforms include the modernization and adoption of key legal systems:
• Personal Status Law: This law aims to organize family issues such as marriage, divorce, and child custody, contributing to reducing individual interpretations and enhancing fairness in family judgments.
• Civil Transactions Law: This law regulates contracts and obligations, aiming to strengthen civil and commercial dealings between individuals and institutions, thereby fostering legal security and social stability. It establishes fundamental rules for the validity of contracts and covers various types of contracts, contributing to increased investor confidence, reduced legal disputes, and ensured justice and transparency.
• Penal Code: The Penal Code has been updated to align with modern developments, focusing on achieving a balance between punishment and rehabilitation, ensuring the rights of defendants and victims, and enhancing public security. The updated code includes the classification of crimes and penalties, the introduction of alternative punishments like community service and rehabilitation programs for minor offenses, and measures to combat digital and electronic fraud.
• Challenges in Digital Transformation: While the digital transformation offers significant benefits, the source notes that the judicial sector faces challenges, primarily the need to develop the technological infrastructure and update systems and technologies to keep pace with the important objectives of the reforms.

As we discussed previously, these comprehensive judicial reforms would likely be implemented through a series of Royal decrees, providing the legal and governmental mandate for these significant changes aimed at enhancing justice, efficiency, and the rule of law in Saudi Arabia [Me].

Two royal orders: Khalid bin Bandar as advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the head of the military apparatus

A royal decree was issued yesterday, the text of which is as follows:
Number: A/366
Date: 27/9/1446 AH
With the help of God Almighty
We, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
After reviewing the Basic Law of Governance, issued by Royal Decree No. (A/90) dated 27/8/1412 AH.
After reviewing the Law of Ministers, Deputy Ministers and Employees of the Excellent Rank, issued by Royal Decree No. (M/10) dated 18/3/1391 AH.
After reviewing Royal Decree No. (A/3/1414 AH) dated 14/3/1414 AH, we have ordered the following:
Prince Khalid bin First: His Royal Highness Prince Bandar bin Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud is appointed as an advisor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the excellent rank. Second: This order of ours is communicated to the competent authorities for approval and implementation. A royal decree was issued yesterday, the text of which is as follows:
Number: A/367
Date: 27/9/1446 AH
With the help of God Almighty
We, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
and Supreme Commander of all military forces
After reviewing the Officers’ Service System, issued by Royal Decree No.
28/8/1393 AH dated (43/AD)
And after reviewing Royal Order No. (A/43) dated 1/2/1441 AH,
We have ordered the following: And based on what was presented to us by His Highness the Minister of the National Guard.

First: Major General Saleh bin Abdulrahman bin Samir Al-Harbi is promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General and appointed as head of the military apparatus.

Second: His Highness the Minister of the National Guard must implement this order of ours.

Sustainable future

Since His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – assumed the position of Crown Prince, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has achieved a great leap in various fields. This comes as an extension of the process of construction and development that was begun by the founder of the Kingdom, King Abdulaziz – may God have mercy on him. The Kingdom was launched under a leadership that enjoyed a penetrating vision and determination that knew nothing about the impossible, carrying within it great hopes and broad ambitions for the renaissance of the nation. Based on the above, Prince Mohammed bin Salman enjoys a leadership personality and a strategic vision, capable of implementing and making decisions that serve the interests of the Saudi people, which made him – thanks to the directives of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques – King Salman bin Abdulaziz, and his Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, are widely supported leaders who are able to bring about positive change. The Kingdom has been able to achieve many major accomplishments, such as Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the Saudi economy, open up investment opportunities, reduce dependence on oil, enhance the role of women and youth, and promote new sectors through the implementation of mega projects. Today, the Kingdom stands out as a symbol of progress and development, relying on the concept of sustainable development as a fundamental pillar for achieving its future aspirations. This is achieved by achieving a comprehensive balance in various sectors, such as strengthening the economy, preserving the environment, and achieving the well-being of citizens. This is achieved by utilizing available resources efficiently and ensuring their sustainability for future generations. In this context, the Kingdom is implementing numerous major projects that contribute to enhancing sustainability.

Partnership is trust

Hani Wafa

The Kingdom, with its balanced policy, broad stances, and direction toward peace, is considered a reliable and dependable partner in establishing a just, comprehensive, and lasting peace, which confirms and strengthens its role as a peacemaker in the region and the world. The roles it has played and continues to play in achieving the desired stability are well-known, as it employs its relations with influential global powers in order for peace to prevail. One of the most important Saudi peace efforts is the “Arab Peace Initiative,” which, if implemented more widely from its launch, would have made the Middle East more stable and more development and prosperity. However, the intransigence of Israelis, who consider peace a luxury based on force, rejected this initiative, even though it is a just and balanced initiative that restores rights to their owners and expands the foundations of permanent peace. The “Arab Peace Initiative” is not the only thing that confirms the Kingdom’s inclination towards peace. How many efforts has the Kingdom made for Arab reconciliation? Inter-Arab relations, and led to the stability of Arab-Arab relations, and defused crises that could have developed into undesirable stages. Hence, the talks on the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, which were held on the Kingdom’s soil under Saudi auspices, received global acclaim, and confirmed that the Kingdom is a country striving diligently to establish peace, not only regionally but also globally. This crisis cast a shadow over international relations and almost spiraled out of control on many occasions. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
in a report on the prominent diplomatic role that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is currently playing on the regional and international arenas, called on the United States to support and back this role. The report said: “Saudi Arabia’s stability, prosperity, and cooperation are fully consistent with the highest American interests in promoting security and economic prosperity in the Middle East and beyond, by strengthening confidence in partners who have been working with America since “For years,” the report confirmed the statement of Adam Boehler, US President Donald Trump’s envoy, who said: “Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has led the Kingdom toward development and construction, and the partnership between the United States and Saudi Arabia is strong and solid, and the Kingdom’s hosting of the Ukraine talks confirms the strength of the US-Saudi partnership.” The Kingdom’s pursuit of regional and international peace is an approach it pursues tirelessly so that security, stability, and sustainable development prevail.

The Crown Prince soars in the skies of diplomacy

Report – Azzam Al-Mashaal

In the history of diplomacy and foreign affairs, the world has come to recognize that in times of global crises and grave events, the international community turns to seasoned leaders who are deeply involved in politics, have long-standing relationships with political and economic decision-makers, and have extensive experience in dealing with complex realities, such as Henry Kissinger, James Baker, and others. However, in this era, a young leader has emerged who broke the mold, penetrated the twilight, and dominated the diplomatic sphere. That is His Highness the Crown Prince, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who gained the trust of the leaders of the great powers at an early age and in a short period of time, inconsistent with the nature and difficulty of the complex equations of international relations. This was the result of an unprecedented blend of wisdom and balance in dealing with foreign issues and bold domestic arenas that have become the focus of the world’s most important leaders, most notably US President Donald Trump, who pointed to Saudi Arabia, expressing his hope that the United States would be able to catch up, and explaining that Saudi Arabia would serve as a model and reference for the United States. His Highness the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman was able, in record time, to draw up consensus frameworks with the leaders of the G20 countries, ensuring the interests of all parties were met, despite the sharp differences and disagreements among the major powers within the G20. These countries found in Saudi Arabia a reliable strategic partner in achieving their development goals, and found in the young leader a spirit of determination that does not recognize the impossible and believes that joint action is the only path to achieving peace and prosperity for all. This spirit, possessed by His Highness the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, enabled him, in a short time, to move beyond contributing to the transition to leading the transformation on the most important hot issues at the United Nations, foremost among which are sustainable development, energy security, climate change, quality of life, and social justice.

Confident Steps
The world today is pointing, according to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s calendar. Its confident steps are confirmed by the recent International Monetary Fund report, which praised the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 and the achievements of His Highness the Crown Prince, which have placed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at the forefront of the G20 countries in terms of economic growth. Given the Kingdom’s pioneering experience in implementing economic reforms, the World Bank chose Saudi Arabia as a knowledge center to disseminate the culture of economic reforms globally. This tremendous momentum of achievements accomplished by the Crown Prince in record time should have placed him at the heart of events and enabled countries to secure their path. On the Middle East front, His Highness the Crown Prince, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, has moved towards a true peace between the Arab countries and the occupying Israeli state, through his tireless efforts to establish an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, and emphasizing that the Saudi leadership will not establish any diplomatic relations with Israel without this. Within the framework of the independent Palestinian state, Saudi diplomacy, led by His Highness the Crown Prince and the shuttle tours of His Highness the Minister of Foreign Affairs, was able to obtain the recognition of the State of Palestine from a number of influential countries. In the same context, His Highness the Crown Prince urged more countries that love the Levant to recognize it. Within the Middle East, Saudi diplomacy, led by His Highness the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, was able to achieve a historic agreement with the State of Iran. This was achieved by utilizing the advanced relationship that has developed between His Highness the Crown Prince and the Chinese President in recent years, and by exploiting China’s desire and need to be a participant in establishing the global order, which makes this agreement an important step in this direction. Regarding this historic agreement, veteran politician Henry Kissinger said during an interview he conducted before his death with David Ignatius, The Washington Post: “I see this as a fundamental change in the strategic position in the Middle East. The Saudis are now working to achieve a balance in their security by exploiting Saudi Arabia’s Chinese influence to consolidate the Levant in the Middle East.

Saudi Wisdom
Saudi wisdom, led by His Highness the Crown Prince, was not limited to the borders of the Middle East, as Saudi diplomacy became a focus of international confidence, especially at this stage, when the confrontation between nuclear powers has become a matter of immediate concern. Saudi diplomacy, led by His Highness the Crown Prince, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, is working day and night to achieve peace and stability, after the capital, Riyadh, was chosen as the headquarters of diplomacy and a venue for consensus to end the largest conflict in Europe since World War II. Since that historic moment, His Highness has been personally following the most minute details and communicating with the parties to the conflict in an atmosphere filled with trust and optimism. All parties interact positively and greatly with His Highness the Crown Prince, due to their perception of his sound judgment, sincere intentions, and sincerity of purpose. The best evidence of this is the visit of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to Riyadh, which highlights the crucial role played by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a mediator in the Syria talks, with the United States and Russia meeting for the first time and Ukraine’s demands now at the forefront of the negotiations. Regarding this visit, President Zelensky tweeted on his Twitter account: “A distinguished meeting with His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister. I expressed my gratitude for his wise vision for Ukraine’s international position and support. It was very important for me to hear words of confidence in Ukraine’s future. We discussed all the main issues on the agenda – both bilaterally and in the framework of cooperation with other partners. I noted the efforts of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, which contribute to bringing the true Levant closer together.” The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia provides a diplomatic platform of great importance, and we appreciate that.

Strategic Diplomacy
Regarding the US-Russian-Ukrainian negotiations in Riyadh, Barbara A. Leaf, former US Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, said she was not surprised to see Saudi Arabia at the center of the talks – describing them as the result of years of strategic diplomacy. Likewise, the Saudi Ambassador to the United States, Her Royal Highness Princess Reema bint Bandar Al Saud, tweeted on her Twitter account:
“Throughout its history, Saudi Arabia has served as a bridge for dialogue and a supporter of the Levant. His Highness the Crown Prince’s directives to host today’s meetings in Riyadh between the United States and Russia underscore the Kingdom’s leadership role and its enduring commitment to promoting global peace and stability.” This conflict between Russia and Ukraine requires a great deal of wisdom and guidance towards consensus to overcome a catastrophe that could return humanity to previous eras. His Highness the Crown Prince is the best person to lead this scene and manage its negotiations. This is a fact that all parties bear witness to, including the American side, which explained on his behalf at one of the dinners, Mr. Steve Witkoff, the Special Envoy to the Middle East, when he said: “We could not have imagined a better outcome.” Former US Chief of Staff Fred Fleitz also said: “Prince Mohammed bin Salman deserves the Nobel Prize, and it is truly difficult to find a great creator like him on the international stage.” The Inspiring Leader
The Inspiring Leader, His Highness the Crown Prince, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, is establishing a new diplomatic doctrine under the title “All Roads Lead to Riyadh.” In doing so, he bears a great responsibility after wisdom and common sense were shattered and diminished among the great powers, and polarization has become the dominant force. His Highness the Crown Prince is leading the way, overcoming political and economic challenges to achieve a consensus that brings to mind the golden age of diplomacy during the time of Henry Kissinger and James Baker.

The Crown Prince…the maker of major transformations Saudi tourism at the forefront of the global scene

Riyadh – Sarah Al-Farzan

Every year, the 26th day of the holy month of Ramadan marks the anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to the man of achievement, the architect of major transformations, and the sponsor of the inspiring vision, His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God support and guide him. Under his wise leadership, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed radical transformations and reforms in all aspects of economic, social, and political life, positioning it steadily toward a prosperous future that will achieve greater leadership. On a related note, the eighth pledge of allegiance is the continuation of a journey replete with achievements that have consolidated and strengthened the Kingdom’s position across various fronts, propelling it to an unprecedented stage of growth and development, and propelling it to continue its journey toward a more prosperous future under the leadership of a supportive and conscious young vision. A Brighter Future
Today, with the ambitious Vision 2030, the Kingdom has become a leading and pioneering nation.
This is achieved through the successive developments it has achieved in numerous sectors, such as the economy, health, education, culture, and the arts. Among these is the tourism sector, which the Kingdom has forayed into with force.
It has enjoyed its share of this tremendous qualitative development, as it is a fundamental pillar for the development and diversification of the national economy, far removed from its complete dependence on oil. It has also contributed to strengthening the Kingdom’s cultural identity. Furthermore, this tourism renaissance is linked to a vision that goes beyond imagination, as it aims to transform the Kingdom into a global tourism hub and a leading tourist destination. This is achieved by investing in its cultural and entertainment resources to provide ideal and integrated tourism services and experiences that combine authenticity and modernity.

Pillar of the National Economy
Tourism is one of the most important sectors for developing the national economy in countries, especially in the Kingdom, which is significantly striving to enhance the role of the tourism sector, given its unique and distinguished geographical location and its ability to attract global tourism investments. In general, tourism makes significant contributions to the growth of manufactured products within the country’s borders. In this regard, A. Ghramah Al-Sahri, a writer and economic analyst, stated: “According to the World Tourism Organization’s estimate, tourism contributes approximately 10% of the global gross domestic product.” While describing the tourism sector as “one of the most dynamic sectors in the global economy, as it contributes to attracting foreign investment to the country,” he said: “The government has worked to govern the tourism sector, with six bodies working together to implement the national strategy for the sector, which includes the Ministry of Tourism, the Tourism Development Fund, the Saudi Tourism Authority, the Tourism Development Council, the National Air Connectivity Program, and the Saudi Red Sea Authority. Each of these bodies has different responsibilities, in addition to the Entertainment Authority.” “Which organizes events, festivals, and competitions, which has a positive impact on the tourism sector.” Al-Sahri stated that: “Two years ago, specifically in 2023, Saudi Arabia welcomed 109 million tourists, and by mid-2024, it was able to welcome 60 million visitors from various countries around the world, with spending amounting to approximately 15 billion riyals, and recording a growth of nearly 10% in the number of tourists and spending, according to what was revealed by the Minister of Tourism (Ahmed Al-Khateeb).” He added, regarding job opportunities for young people, “Tourism works to increase employment opportunities, which will increase job opportunities for individuals and improve their income. This has included several initiatives that it has sought to implement.” In 2021, the Saudi government launched an initiative to create 100,000 job opportunities in the tourism sector, develop the skills of tens of thousands of tourism workers through training programs, and launch a human capital development strategy under the slogan “Ahlaha,” and the “Tourism Pioneers” program, which contributed to developing the skills of 100,000 citizens in the fields of hospitality, travel, and tourism. Building on previous efforts that serve the interests of the nation’s citizens, Al-Shahari stated, “In the second quarter of 2024, the number of people employed in the tourism sector increased, reaching a total of 959,175, a significant increase over the previous year. These achievements, proven by the huge numbers, reflect the initiatives our government has provided in 2021.” He added, regarding the Kingdom’s ongoing efforts to develop its economy, “The Kingdom seeks to achieve a number of targets related to the tourism sector within Vision 2030, within the framework of working to diversify the economy, with a huge number of tourist visits.”

The Kingdom is a prominent tourist destination. The Kingdom has always been a prominent tourist destination throughout the ages, with Muslims from all over the world flocking to it to visit the holy lands of Mecca and Medina, to perform Hajj and Umrah, visit the Prophet’s Mosque, and to view historical landmarks and monuments. Over time, and with the influx of large numbers to the Kingdom, the government began planning to grow and diversify the tourism sector to include cultural, entertainment, and sports tourism, in addition to religious destinations. In light of these rapid transformations, particularly in the 21st century, In the twentieth century, the General Commission for Tourism and National Heritage was established, which grew and now became the Ministry of Tourism. It aims to develop the tourism sector and attract visitors from all over the world to the Kingdom. With its continued efforts to develop and change, in 2019, the Kingdom witnessed the launch of the electronic tourist visa, which included 63 countries and facilitated international tourists’ visits with easy mechanisms and fees. The Kingdom is currently working with concerted efforts to implement its future plans to create major tourism projects and develop domestic tourism, such as the “Red Sea” project, which it aspires to transform 90 islands into a luxury tourist destination, and the “NEOM” project, which is considered one of the The largest tourism and economic project, it represents a meeting point between the three continents, and the “Amal” project, which aims to establish a completely new and different concept of tourism centered around the elements of life such as comfort, health, and luxury. The “Qiddiya” project stands out as a destination that combines entertainment, natural attractions, and residential areas. The Kingdom also seeks to benefit from the components of each of its regions, whether its climate or its prominent historical monuments. “Al-Aqsa Governorate” is one of these areas that benefit from it, due to its distinguished history and ancient civilization, such as the city of “Al-Hijr”, as it embraces a group of archaeological sites and the headquarters of the Historically, the “Dadani” and “Lihyan” kingdoms, and in the capital, specifically in the home of the rulers, “Diriyah,” which has emerged with its heritage project, “Diriyah Gate,” which is considered one of the distinctive additions to the Kingdom’s vision objectives to attract the largest number of tourists to the heart of the capital. It is currently being rehabilitated and developed to attract 25 million visitors annually, and has become the largest heritage and cultural project in the world, strengthening the Kingdom’s presence on the global tourism map.

Authenticity of Heritage
The Kingdom is distinguished by the diversity of its cultural heritage, and it makes great efforts to preserve it and ensure its sustainability so that the world can see the authenticity of its heritage and its ancient history.
From this standpoint, Dr. Fahd Al-Hassan, Vice Dean of the College of Tourism and Antiquities at King Saud University, said: “The Kingdom is distinguished by a heritage that distinguishes it from other countries. It possesses hundreds of heritage sites and monuments, some of which remain unknown even to Saudi citizens, while some date back to prehistoric times, and some represent chapters of the story of the development of Basra and its migrations from the Arabian Peninsula. The rock art sites, parts of which date back 12,000 years, are among the largest and most exciting rock art sites in the world, and represent the The historical record that documents the fine details of Saudi culture, and these arts tell extraordinary and timely stories of how Saudis adapted to changing circumstances with determination and creativity.” He added: “The Kingdom’s registered heritage list includes more than 350 sites, in addition to ten sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and the inclusion of 15 representative cultural elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.” Dr. Al-Hosn stated that “the recent political and social changes led by His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman have significantly impacted cultural heritage management policies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These transformations are also closely linked to the Vision 2030 initiative, which places cultural heritage as a fundamental element in strengthening national identity and economic diversification. The Kingdom’s Vision 2030 explicitly calls for the preservation of heritage as part of its efforts to diversify the economy through tourism.” He spoke about the contribution of cultural tourism to the development of the Kingdom’s economy, saying: “Cultural tourism has a pivotal role in diversifying the Kingdom’s economy, through strengthening the hospitality, retail, and local services sectors. It has clearly contributed to the Kingdom’s international appeal and positioned it as a global destination not only for Hajj and Umrah, but also for the richness and diversity of its arts and ancient traditions. In turn, the Kingdom’s active participation in cultural diplomacy has led to stronger global relations and increased international appreciation for its rich heritage. There is no doubt that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is moving forward at a rapid pace.” “A clear path towards leadership in cultural tourism, which will open up broader horizons for hosting international events, forums, and conferences, and attracting visitors to explore its diverse natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage. As a result of these efforts, the number of international and local tourists will exceed 100 million in 2025, spending more than $66.6 billion.” Dr. Al-Hosn: “Heritage today plays a major role in attracting investments, promoting sustainable growth for the national economy, creating job opportunities, attracting Saudi youth, and instilling a deep sense of pride in the nation. It is expected that by 2030, the cultural heritage sector will contribute more than $47.9 billion to the Kingdom’s GDP.”

Reaching Global Prominence
After the Ministry of Tourism announced its first steps in the tourism sector in 2019, which was the launch of 11 tourist seasons covering a large portion of the Kingdom’s regions, since that announcement, the Kingdom has witnessed qualitative and famous leaps that have propelled it to global prominence. In this context, Dr. Imad Mansi, Chairman of the Saudi Tourism Association, said: “The government is striving to raise citizens’ aspirations regarding the entertainment sector, and is pumping huge sums into this sector, with annual investment reaching approximately 4 billion riyals.” He added: On the other hand, the Saudi seasons, especially the “Riyadh Season,” which has become famous for its distinctive events such as “Boulevard World,” have been able to fully convey Saudi culture to foreign tourists, as well as to local tourists who cannot travel to all regions of Saudi Arabia. This is achieved by conveying customs and traditions, famous foods, and the dialects that are unique to each region, as well as the character of its heritage and its rich decorations. On the other hand, the entertainment sector does not only include events that entertain visitors; It also supports culture through the production of series and films, which have proven that Saudi Arabia is a producer, director, and supporter of young talents and capabilities, and exports its distinction to the world so that it can see and explore the cultural diversity that the Kingdom enjoys. These achievements made by the entertainment sector system are no less important than other sectors, such as the Ministry of Sports, which has penetrated and crossed the geographical borders of the entire world with its activities, and has also attracted tourists to enjoy its sporting events. The Ministry’s efforts are highlighted by the fact that it has more than 100 sports federations, each with specific responsibilities. Within the framework of what was previously mentioned, The Minister of Sports, His Royal Highness Prince Abdulaziz bin Turki Al-Faisal, seeks to transform the Kingdom into a global destination for sporting events. Dr. Mansi concluded his remarks by saying: “All the bodies established with the launch of the vision cooperate and work together to ensure the success of the tourism sector. No sector operates independently of another. They also receive significant support from higher authorities, which highlights the Kingdom’s efforts to continue its progress and impressive successes, and to develop strategies and plans to achieve the goals of its ambitious vision, especially in national tourism.”

In this regard, Yousef Masnawi, a certified lawyer and arbitrator, stated the rights sought by the government to guarantee the right of tourists to enjoy an ideal experience on its lands, saying: “Our Kingdom has established an integrated legal framework that guarantees the rights of tourists on its lands in the security, financial, and service aspects. The Tourism System, issued by Royal Decree No. 18 of 1444 AH (2017 AD), includes… 0 2 2 (and its executive regulations, various controls that protect tourists and ensure they receive quality services,” accordingly, he added, emphasizing: “The Ministry of Tourism oversees the implementation of these regulations in coordination with other government agencies to ensure the strengthening of visitors’ confidence and the protection of their rights. The legal rights that benefit tourists are numerous, including, but not limited to, proper treatment and non-discrimination, with a prohibition on imposing undisclosed fees or refusing to provide services without justification, in addition to the right of residence, which includes not requiring a mahram for foreign women, and guaranteeing a refund in the event of cancellation or emergency closure.” Regarding the quality of tourism services and guidance, Mansouri adds: “Companies are committed to transparency, providing licensed guides and reliable information. Facilitated visa systems, such as the electronic tourist visa, which facilitates freedom of movement between regions, also stand out.” Mansouri added that regarding tourists’ financial rights, he said: “There is clear protection represented by setting prices and requiring the disclosure of large sums in accordance with anti-money laundering regulations. Transportation has been facilitated for them by regulating public transportation and vehicle rental, and ensuring that taxis and apps adhere to the official tariff.” In this context, He himself stated: “The regulations in our Kingdom guarantee the financial rights of tourists and protect them from exploitation. Service providers are not permitted to collect any amounts not stipulated in the agreed-upon price list. Service prices must be clearly displayed in Saudi riyals, including taxes and fees, in both Arabic and English. Tourists must also be provided with a detailed receipt when paying any amount for tourism services, showing the value of each service paid.” Masnawi emphasized that: “The Kingdom has been keen, through the continuous updating of regulations (such as the The new tourism law and its regulations aim to establish a comprehensive legal framework that protects the rights and dignity of tourists. Tourists in the Kingdom enjoy legal protection, whether in their place of residence, their travels, or their financial transactions. The efforts of ministries and agencies are integrated to ensure the implementation of these regulations. He pointed out that the primary goal of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 is centered around diversifying the economic base, and that the tourism industry clearly plays a significant role in achieving the goals of the vision file. He added: One of the announced goals of the tourism sector is to reach 150 million tourists by 2030, and with its carefully drawn strategies and plans, it will be able to reach the number it aspires to even before 2030. He described the bright future of Saudi tourism as “becoming one of the best 7 distinctive tourist destinations on the planet.” The world level, and through its huge projects, it will surpass the ambitions that were set for it. In addition, it possesses the elements that surpass the rest of the countries, and without the slightest doubt, the contribution of the tourism sector may exceed 10% of the gross domestic product, and it will have a prominent role in leading major economic sectors that are directly and indirectly affected by the thriving tourism industry in the post-2030 period.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These Saudi Arabian news articles from March 2025 cover a range of topics, with a significant focus on the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 and its progress in economic diversification and development, including investments in technology, renewable energy, and tourism. Several articles highlight Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s leadership in driving these reforms and achieving national goals. Other pieces address regional issues, such as the condemnation of Israeli actions in Syria and Gaza, as well as domestic news concerning consumer protection, cultural initiatives, and local developments in cities like Riyadh and Medina.

Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030 and Current Developments

Study Guide

I. Core Themes of Vision 2030:

• Diversifying the Economy: Reducing reliance on oil revenues by developing new sectors like tourism, technology, and manufacturing.
• A Vibrant Society: Enhancing the quality of life for citizens and residents through cultural enrichment, entertainment, and improved public services.
• An Ambitious Nation: Strengthening Saudi Arabia’s global standing through economic leadership, strategic partnerships, and a commitment to international security and stability.
• Investment Powerhouse: Transforming the Kingdom into a global investment hub, attracting both domestic and foreign capital.
• National Security and Self-Sufficiency: Developing indigenous defense industries to enhance military capabilities and reduce dependence on foreign suppliers.

II. Key Initiatives and Developments:

• The National Investment Strategy (NIS): A comprehensive framework to boost investment across various sectors, aiming for 12.4 trillion SAR by 2030.
• Developing Strategic Sectors: Significant investments in renewable energy (solar and wind), artificial intelligence, healthcare, biotechnology, and logistics.
• Localization of Defense Industries: Actively working to manufacture military equipment and systems domestically, aiming for 50% localization by 2030.
• Diplomatic Efforts: Playing a key role in de-escalating regional conflicts and promoting international peace and security, including hosting talks related to the Ukraine crisis.
• Cultural Transformation: A significant push to develop and promote Saudi Arabia’s rich cultural heritage through the establishment of dedicated cultural authorities and initiatives.
• Empowerment of Women: Implementing reforms to enhance women’s rights and increase their participation in the workforce.
• Infrastructure Development: Investing heavily in transportation (roads, railways, airports, ports) and digital infrastructure to support economic growth and connectivity.

III. Challenges and Considerations:

• Technological Independence: Achieving full technological self-sufficiency in the defense sector requires sustained investment in research and development.
• Global Competition: Enhancing Saudi Arabia’s competitive position in the global investment landscape requires continuous improvement of the business environment.
• Economic Fluctuations: While diversification efforts are underway, the economy remains susceptible to global economic trends.
• Regional Instability: Ongoing regional conflicts and tensions can pose challenges to stability and development.

Quiz

1. Describe two key goals of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative and explain why they are important for the Kingdom’s future.
2. What is the National Investment Strategy (NIS)? Mention two of its primary objectives and the key sectors it aims to develop.
3. Explain Saudi Arabia’s strategy for localizing its defense industries. What are the intended benefits of this localization effort?
4. Describe Saudi Arabia’s recent diplomatic efforts in the context of international conflicts. Provide a specific example from the provided text.
5. How has Saudi Arabia’s cultural landscape evolved under Vision 2030? Mention one specific initiative or development in this area.
6. According to the text, what progress has been made in empowering women in Saudi Arabia? Provide one specific statistic or example.
7. Discuss the importance of infrastructure development for achieving the goals of Vision 2030. Give an example of a major infrastructure project mentioned in the text.
8. What challenges does Saudi Arabia face in its pursuit of technological independence in the defense sector?
9. How is Saudi Arabia working to diversify its economy away from oil dependence? Mention two non-oil sectors receiving significant attention.
10. What was the significance of the establishment of specialized cultural authorities in 2018, according to the provided text?

Answer Key

1. Two key goals of Vision 2030 are diversifying the economy to reduce reliance on oil and creating a vibrant society with an enhanced quality of life. These are important for long-term economic sustainability and the well-being of citizens as global energy demands evolve.
2. The National Investment Strategy (NIS) is a comprehensive framework to significantly increase investment in Saudi Arabia. Two primary objectives are to increase the size and balance of the economy and to enhance the Kingdom’s competitive position globally. It aims to develop key sectors like renewable energy and technology.
3. Saudi Arabia’s strategy for localizing defense industries involves building domestic capabilities in designing and manufacturing military equipment and systems. The intended benefits include reducing military spending on foreign procurement and achieving greater national defense independence.
4. Saudi Arabia has been actively involved in diplomatic efforts to resolve international conflicts and promote peace. For example, it recently hosted talks in Jeddah aimed at finding a solution to the Ukraine crisis, demonstrating its commitment to global security.
5. Saudi Arabia’s cultural landscape has undergone a significant transformation with a focus on redefining culture and integrating it into daily life. The establishment of the Ministry of Culture in 2018 marked a pivotal point, leading to numerous initiatives to promote heritage and the arts.
6. The text indicates significant progress in women’s empowerment, with Saudi Arabia advancing to the 13th global rank in the equal pay for equal work indicator in 2024. Furthermore, the rate of Saudi women’s participation in the labor market has increased.
7. Infrastructure development is crucial for Vision 2030 as it provides the foundation for economic diversification and attracts investment. A major project mentioned is the Saudi Land Bridge, which aims to connect the Arabian Gulf and the Red Sea, facilitating trade.
8. Saudi Arabia faces the challenge of developing indigenous technological capabilities and acquiring necessary technologies and intellectual property to achieve full technological independence in its defense industries.
9. Saudi Arabia is diversifying its economy by focusing on and investing in strategic non-oil sectors. Two such sectors highlighted in the text are tourism, with a target of 100 million annual visitors, and the technology sector, with a national AI strategy.
10. The establishment of specialized cultural authorities in 2018 was significant because it represented more than just administrative reorganization; it was part of a comprehensive national project to redefine culture and integrate it into the daily lives of citizens, driving a broader cultural transformation.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of the “vibrant society” and “diversifying the economy” pillars of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. How do cultural development and economic diversification mutually reinforce each other in the Kingdom’s long-term goals?
2. Evaluate the potential impact of Saudi Arabia’s National Investment Strategy on its transformation into a global investment powerhouse. What are the key strengths and potential challenges in achieving its ambitious investment targets by 2030?
3. Discuss the strategic implications of Saudi Arabia’s push for self-sufficiency in its defense industries. How might increased localization of military production affect the Kingdom’s regional security role and its relationships with global arms suppliers?
4. Examine the role of Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic initiatives in the context of its Vision 2030. How does the Kingdom’s engagement in international peace and security efforts align with its domestic development goals and its ambition to become a leading global nation?
5. Critically assess the progress and future prospects of Saudi Arabia’s cultural transformation under Vision 2030. What are the key achievements so far, and what are the potential long-term impacts on national identity and international perceptions of the Kingdom?

Glossary of Key Terms

• Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia’s ambitious long-term plan launched in 2016, aimed at diversifying the economy, developing public services, and enhancing the Kingdom’s global standing.
• Diversification (of Economy): The process of shifting an economy away from a single or limited number of revenue sources (primarily oil in Saudi Arabia) towards a wider range of sectors.
• National Investment Strategy (NIS): A comprehensive plan designed to significantly increase both domestic and foreign investment in Saudi Arabia across various strategic sectors.
• Localization (of Industries): The effort to develop domestic capabilities and manufacturing within a country, reducing reliance on imports. In the context of the text, primarily refers to the defense industry.
• Sovereign Wealth Fund (Public Investment Fund – PIF): A state-owned investment fund that manages a nation’s savings. The PIF plays a significant role in driving Vision 2030 projects and investments.
• Geopolitical: Relating to the influence of geography on politics and international relations, often concerning strategic locations and resources.
• Soft Power: The ability to influence the behavior or thinking of other states or non-state actors through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion or payment. Cultural initiatives can be a tool of soft power.
• Economic Sustainability: The capacity of an economy to maintain its performance over time without depleting resources or causing irreversible damage.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): An investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests located in another country.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.

Detailed Briefing Document: Analysis of Provided Sources

This briefing document analyzes the provided Arabic language sources, identifying key themes, important ideas, and significant facts. Quotes from the original texts are included where relevant (translated for clarity).

Main Themes Across Sources:

Several overarching themes emerge from the collection of articles:

• Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and its Implementation: A central theme is the ongoing execution and impact of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, encompassing economic diversification, social reforms, and enhanced international standing.
• Economic Diversification and Investment: A significant focus is placed on efforts to diversify the Saudi economy away from oil dependence through strategic investments in various sectors, including technology, tourism, renewable energy, and defense industries.
• Strengthening National Capabilities: The sources highlight initiatives aimed at bolstering Saudi Arabia’s national capabilities in key areas such as defense manufacturing and technological advancement, aiming for self-sufficiency and global competitiveness.
• Regional and International Role: Saudi Arabia’s active role in promoting regional stability, resolving conflicts, and fostering international cooperation is emphasized, particularly concerning the Ukraine crisis.
• Cultural and Social Transformation: The documents touch upon the cultural renaissance and social reforms taking place in Saudi Arabia, including women’s empowerment and the preservation of national heritage.
• Commemoration and Leadership: Several articles celebrate the anniversary of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s appointment, underscoring his leadership and the progress achieved under his guidance.
• Condemnation of Violence and Calls for International Action: The sources include condemnation of Israeli actions in Syria and violations against civilians in Sudan, urging the international community to take responsibility.

Important Ideas and Facts from Each Source:

1. Excerpts from “20725.pdf” (Multiple Articles):

• “Mohammed bin Salman.. An Active Role in Consolidating International Security and Stability” & “The Kingdom is a Leading Global Investment Power”:
• Highlights the anniversary of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s pledge of allegiance and the pride in his leadership, which has reshaped the Saudi landscape.
• Emphasizes the rapid development and transformation across various sectors driven by the ambitious Vision 2030.
• Vision 2030 aims to leverage the Kingdom’s strengths, its distinguished strategic location, and its Arab and Islamic depth to achieve a thriving economy and a vibrant society.
• Focuses on the second pillar of Vision 2030: diversifying the economy, reducing reliance on oil, and attracting local and foreign investments.
• Mentions the National Investment Strategy launched in October 2020 as a key enabler for Vision 2030, aiming to develop investment opportunities, improve the business environment, and enhance the Kingdom’s competitive position on the global investment map.
• “The Kingdom Condemns the Israeli Occupation’s Bombing of the Syrian Town of Kuwaya”:
• Saudi Arabia strongly condemns the Israeli bombing of the Syrian town of Kuwaya, considering it a dangerous threat to the security and stability of Syria and the entire region.
• Calls on the international community to assume its responsibilities to halt all military operations and violations by Israel in Palestinian and Syrian territories.
• Reiterates solidarity with Syria and its people and calls for respect for Syria’s sovereignty and an end to all violations affecting its security and stability.
• “Mohammed bin Salman.. An Active Role in Consolidating International Security and Stability” & “Saudi Diplomacy Succeeds in Halting Armed Conflicts” & “Symbol of Peace – Receiving the Ukrainian President”:
• Highlights Saudi Arabia’s commitment to diplomacy and dialogue in establishing security and stability, drawing on its established legacy of wise political initiatives.
• Mentions the American-Ukrainian meeting held in Jeddah as part of the Crown Prince’s continuous efforts to resolve the crisis in Ukraine and strengthen global peace and security.
• Ukraine described the Jeddah talks as “very constructive” and discussions began on Kyiv’s proposal for a partial ceasefire with Russia.
• The United States agreed to resume military and intelligence assistance to Ukraine.
• The European Union aims to support Ukraine in achieving a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace based on the principles of the UN Charter and international law.
• A 30-day ceasefire proposal, if accepted by Russia, would be an important step in this direction.
• “Localization of Military Industries.. Vision 2030 Towards Self-Sufficiency” & “Strengthening National Capabilities and Achieving Defense Independence”:
• Emphasizes the economic benefits of localizing defense industries, including reducing military spending, replacing foreign repairs with localized parts, attracting foreign capital, and creating job opportunities.
• Highlights achievements in localization, such as building the first Saudi military naval combat system, localizing light and medium weapons, and establishing an advanced center for manufacturing aircraft engines (F110-129).
• Points out the role of localization in creating job opportunities for Saudi youth and the collaboration between the Technical and Vocational Training Corporation and the General Authority for Military Industries (GAMI) to establish specialized academies.
• Notes the establishment of the Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI) and its role in developing local talent through training programs and partnerships with international companies.
• Saudi universities have begun incorporating specialized academic curricula in military manufacturing, supporting innovation and localization.
• Identifies key challenges in localizing military industries, including meeting the Kingdom’s long-term needs for advanced equipment and services, securing technology transfer and intellectual property, and developing qualified Saudi talent.
• The Kingdom is determined to achieve a qualitative leap in localizing defense technologies, aiming to transform from an importing nation to a manufacturing one, contributing to national security and economic support.
• Vision 2030 guides defense transformations, with the General Authority for Military Industries (GAMI) aiming to increase the localization of military spending from 4% in 2018 to a targeted 50% by 2030.
• Since the appointment of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman as Deputy Crown Prince in 2017, the Kingdom has witnessed unprecedented strategic transformations that have strengthened its regional and international standing.
• The General Authority for Military Industries (GAMI) has a strategic goal to increase the localization rate, reflecting the leadership’s vision to build a diversified and sustainable economy.
• In 2017, the localization rate of military industries was only 3%, while the Kingdom was the third largest globally in terms of military spending.
• “Investment Roadmap”:
• Details the second pillar of Vision 2030, focusing on making the Saudi economy prosperous by diversifying it and reducing reliance on oil.
• Highlights the National Investment Strategy launched in October 2020, aiming to enhance the future of investment in the Kingdom by developing opportunities, improving the business environment, and strengthening the Kingdom’s competitive position.
• The National Investment Strategy aims to bring about a qualitative shift in the Saudi economy through four main pillars: investment opportunities, investors, financing, and competitiveness/enabling factors.
• Targets strategic sectors such as green energy, technology, healthcare, biotechnology, and logistics.
• In green energy, the Kingdom aims to produce 50% of its electricity needs from renewable sources by 2030, with projects like the Sakaka solar power plant and the Dumat Al-Jandal wind power project.
• Saudi Arabia launched a project to produce green hydrogen in NEOM, aiming to be one of the largest globally.
• In the technology sector, the Kingdom seeks to enhance digital infrastructure and develop AI technologies, with a national AI strategy aiming for a top 15 global ranking by 2030.
• Significant investments are being made in developing a modern healthcare system, expanding digital health services like the “Sehhaty” application.
• The Kingdom aims to become a global logistics hub by developing ports, airports, roads, and railways, including the Saudi Land Bridge project.
• Diversifying the economy away from oil supports economic stability, with the National Investment Strategy focusing on sectors like tourism, technology, manufacturing, and renewable energy.
• Foreign direct investment saw a 10% increase in 2023 compared to the previous year, contributing to the growth of non-oil sectors, which now constitute over 50% of the GDP.
• The technology sector witnessed an annual growth of 7.5%, while the tourism sector’s contribution to GDP rose to 4.5%, targeting 100 million visitors annually by 2030.
• Developing advanced infrastructure in line with global standards is a key pillar of the National Investment Strategy.
• Over 1.5 trillion Riyals have been spent on infrastructure projects between 2016-2024, in addition to investments by the Public Investment Fund (PIF) targeting 5 trillion Riyals by 2030.
• Developing infrastructure is strategically important for achieving Vision 2030 goals and attracting both local and foreign investments.
• Improving the investment climate has a significant role in enhancing economic, social, and commercial activity.
• The National Investment Strategy is a pivotal step in achieving Vision 2030, contributing to economic diversification, attracting investments, and strengthening the Kingdom’s position as a global investment power.
• The leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and his ambitious vision underpin this strategy, aimed at building a prosperous and sustainable economic future for the Kingdom.
• “On the Covenant and Loyalty”:
• Celebrates the eighth anniversary of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s appointment as Deputy Crown Prince.
• Highlights this anniversary as a historical milestone and a turning point towards greater progress and empowerment in all fields.
• Under his leadership, an ambitious Vision 2030 was launched, focusing on a vibrant society, a thriving economy, and empowering youth, especially women.
• The Kingdom continues its success with confident steps and precisely defined goals.
• “Continuous Empowerment”:
• Notes the significant progress and clear indicators of achieving Vision 2030, reflected in the Kingdom’s local, regional, and international role and standing.
• Emphasizes the pivotal role of Vision 2030 in empowering women and achieving equality between genders in rights, duties, and work conditions.
• Saudi Arabia advanced to 13th globally in the Gender Pay Gap Index for equal work in 2024.
• The participation rate of Saudi women in the labor market reached 36.2% in 2024, an increase of 0.8 percentage points.
• The employment rate of Saudi women rose to 31.3% of the population.

2. Other Articles (Selected Highlights):

• “The Ma’aqiliya Commercial Center… Between Authenticity and Modernity”: Describes the Ma’aqiliya center as a historic part of Riyadh, blending tradition and modernity.
• “Firsts in Islamic Civilization” (Mentions psychological warfare during early Islamic battles).
• “Sitting with the Prophet (PBUH) in Remembrance Gatherings and its Impact”: Discusses the social interactions and knowledge exchange in Mecca during the Prophet’s time.
• “From Tree Diseases Comes Goodness”: Highlights the benefits of trees, including oxygen production and temperature regulation.
• “Digital Marketing in Light of Vision 2030”: Emphasizes the importance of digital marketing in achieving the goals of Vision 2030 and positioning Saudi Arabia as a leading digital marketing hub in the region.
• “Al-Abdulkarim: On the Anniversary of the Crown Prince’s Pledge of Allegiance, We Recall with Pride the Story of the Nation’s Renaissance”:
• Highlights the pride in the developments the Kingdom has witnessed in recent years under the leadership of the Crown Prince and Vision 2030.
• Cites international organizations’ recognition of the Kingdom’s progress.
• Vision 2030 has impacted all aspects of the state, achieving significant economic growth and diversifying income sources beyond oil.
• Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has fulfilled his promises in Vision 2030, empowering the nation’s youth towards prosperity and development.
• Quotes the Crown Prince’s early statement emphasizing his role as one among millions, driven by the ambition and determination to elevate the nation.
• “‘: Anniversary of the Pledge of Allegiance – Figures Document a Success Story’”:
• Economic experts affirm the significant economic growth achieved under the leadership of King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, driven by Vision 2030.
• The Kingdom’s GDP grew by 2.8% in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the previous year.
• Non-oil activities are the main driver of this growth, increasing by 4.3%, while government activities rose by 2.6%.
• The unemployment rate among Saudi citizens decreased to 7.1% in the fourth quarter.
• The Madlouh (businessman) states that Vision 2030 has placed the Kingdom on the global economic map as an attractive investment environment.
• Dr. Abdullah Al-Nimr highlights the tremendous development in the healthcare and education sectors.
• “The Kingdom Condemns Israeli Violations and Calls on the International Community to Shoulder its Responsibilities”:
• Reiterates Saudi Arabia’s condemnation of Israeli violations and calls on the international community to take responsibility.
• “In the Eighth Anniversary of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Crown Prince: The Cultural Renaissance in the Kingdom.. From Dream to Achievement” & “#A Vision Builds Them and a Culture Elevates Them”:
• Marks the eighth anniversary of the Saudi people’s pledge of allegiance to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
• Highlights the comprehensive transformation under his leadership, extending beyond economic development and administrative reform to encompass the essence of identity and culture.
• In just eight years, Saudi culture has transformed from limited activity to a comprehensive national project rooted in heritage, ambition, and openness to the world.
• The establishment of the Ministry of Culture in 2018 was a pivotal point, representing a strategic and intellectual project to redefine culture and integrate it into daily life.
• Following this, eleven specialized cultural authorities were established, covering literature, publishing, translation, theater, performing arts, visual arts, museums, heritage, films, music, fashion, culinary arts, and libraries.
• Examples of the cultural renaissance include Riyadh Season, the Diriyah Gate project, the Red Sea International Film Festival, and the JAX District for visual arts.
• Saudi Arabia hosted the 45th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Riyadh.
• The “Our Culture is Our Identity” program supports cultural development and local talents across the Kingdom.
• Highlights the role of drama in reflecting social issues and influencing change, citing examples of how dramatic works can raise awareness and prompt societal discussions.
• Emphasizes that drama is not just entertainment but a tool for analyzing and rebuilding reality.
• Articles on Sports, Finance, and Local News (While present, these are less directly connected to the major themes of Vision 2030 and international relations but provide a broader context of current events in Saudi Arabia).

Conclusion:

The provided sources collectively paint a picture of a Saudi Arabia undergoing significant transformation driven by Vision 2030. The leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is consistently highlighted as the catalyst for these changes, encompassing economic diversification, strengthening national capabilities (especially in defense), an active role in regional and international affairs, and a cultural and social renaissance. The Kingdom’s condemnation of international conflicts and its efforts towards peaceful resolutions are also notable. The articles underscore the ambition and progress being made across various sectors, reflecting a nation striving for a prosperous and influential future on the global stage.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Key Pillars and Progress

Frequently Asked Questions about the Provided Sources

• What is the overarching vision driving Saudi Arabia’s development, as highlighted in the sources? The overarching vision is Saudi Vision 2030, spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. This ambitious plan aims to transform Saudi Arabia into a vibrant society with a thriving economy and an ambitious nation. Key aspects include diversifying the economy away from oil dependence, fostering a dynamic society, and positioning the Kingdom as a leading global investment power and an influential player on the international stage.
• How is Saudi Arabia working towards economic diversification and reducing its reliance on oil? Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing economic diversification through the National Investment Strategy, launched in 2020. This strategy focuses on attracting both domestic and foreign investments into non-oil sectors such as tourism, technology, renewable energy, and manufacturing. The Kingdom is also developing its infrastructure, improving the business environment, and creating special economic zones to facilitate this transition. The goal is to create a more sustainable and resilient economy with diverse sources of income and employment opportunities for its citizens.
• What role does Saudi Arabia see itself playing in international security and stability? Saudi Arabia, under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, actively seeks to play a significant role in fostering international security and stability. This is evident in its diplomatic efforts to mediate conflicts, such as the Ukraine crisis, and its strong condemnation of actions that threaten regional and global peace, like the Israeli shelling in Syria. The Kingdom emphasizes dialogue and peaceful resolutions, grounded in international law and respect for national sovereignty, as crucial for resolving global issues and promoting cooperation.
• What are the key objectives and progress in localizing the defense industries in Saudi Arabia? The localization of defense industries is a strategic objective of Vision 2030, aiming to achieve self-sufficiency in defense capabilities, enhance national security, and support the local economy. Significant progress has been made, including the establishment of companies like SAMI and GAMI, the development of indigenous military systems (like the “Hazem” naval combat management system), and the localization of the manufacturing of various weapons and aircraft engines. The goal is to reach 50% localization of military spending by 2030, fostering technological independence, creating job opportunities for Saudi youth, and reinvesting defense spending within the Kingdom.
• How has the status and role of women in Saudi Arabia evolved in recent years, according to the sources? The sources highlight a significant positive transformation in the status and role of women in Saudi Arabia, largely driven by Vision 2030. Women are increasingly empowered and have seen their rights and opportunities expanded across various sectors, including the economy and leadership positions. The Kingdom has made progress in the gender pay gap for equal work and has witnessed a notable increase in the participation rate of Saudi women in the workforce. Initiatives focus on achieving gender equality in rights, duties, and work environment conditions, enabling women to contribute more fully to the Kingdom’s development.
• What is the significance of cultural development within Saudi Vision 2030? Cultural development is considered a fundamental pillar of Saudi Vision 2030, extending beyond mere economic or administrative reforms to encompass the core of national identity and human development. The establishment of the Ministry of Culture in 2018 and the subsequent creation of eleven specialized cultural authorities signify a comprehensive national project aimed at redefining and integrating culture into the daily lives of citizens. This initiative seeks to preserve heritage, nurture creativity across various art forms, and foster a vibrant cultural scene that connects with the Kingdom’s roots while opening doors to global engagement.
• How is Saudi Arabia developing its infrastructure to support its economic and strategic goals? The development of advanced infrastructure is a crucial element of Saudi Arabia’s National Investment Strategy and Vision 2030. Massive investments are being made in transportation (ports, airports, roads, railways, including projects like the Saudi Land Bridge), digital infrastructure, and utilities to create an attractive and integrated investment environment. These developments aim to enhance connectivity, facilitate trade, reduce transportation costs, and support the growth of various strategic sectors, ultimately strengthening Saudi Arabia’s competitive position and driving sustainable economic growth.
• What are Saudi Arabia’s key values and principles that underpin its domestic and foreign policies, as indicated in the texts? Saudi Arabia’s policies are underpinned by several key values and principles. Domestically, the focus is on unity, progress, empowerment (especially of youth and women), and sustainable development aligned with Vision 2030. In its foreign policy, the Kingdom emphasizes peace, dialogue, tolerance, mutual respect for sovereignty, and adherence to international law. It strives to be a reliable mediator in conflicts and a unifying force in the Arab and Islamic world, aiming for stability and prosperity for all people, regardless of their background or ideology.

Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030 and Economic Diversification

The sources highlight that economic diversification is a central objective for Saudi Arabia, primarily driven by Vision 2030, to reduce its historical dependence on oil. This strategic shift aims to build a more sustainable and resilient economic future for the Kingdom.

Here are the key aspects of economic diversification discussed in the sources:

• Goal of Reducing Oil Dependence: Saudi Arabia is actively seeking to diversify its economy away from its reliance on oil as the primary source of income.
• National Investment Strategy: The National Investment Strategy plays a pivotal role in restructuring the Saudi economy towards greater diversity and sustainability by stimulating investments in non-traditional sectors. This strategy is considered a key enabler for achieving the targets of Vision 2030.
• Focus on Strategic Sectors: The Kingdom is focusing on developing and supporting several strategic sectors as engines for economic diversification. These include:
• Tourism
• Technology
• Manufacturing
• Renewable Energy
• Localization of Industries: The localization of military industries is another key initiative that aligns with Vision 2030 and contributes to economic diversification by reducing military expenditure, attracting foreign capital, and creating employment opportunities. This also aims to achieve self-sufficiency and reduce reliance on foreign imports in the defense sector.
• Infrastructure Development: Developing advanced infrastructure that meets global standards is crucial for creating an attractive and integrated investment environment, which supports economic diversification efforts.
• Progress and Impact: The sources indicate tangible progress in economic diversification. Non-oil sectors now constitute over 50% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), reflecting a significant shift. Foreign direct investment has also seen an increase. The continued implementation of diversification strategies is expected to strengthen the Kingdom’s global economic position and create new job opportunities, contributing to sustainable economic development.

In essence, the sources consistently portray economic diversification as a fundamental and actively pursued goal for Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030, with the National Investment Strategy and the development of non-oil sectors playing crucial roles in achieving this transformation.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Transformation and Progress

Vision 2030 is a comprehensive and ambitious strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia, under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, with the overarching goal of transforming the Kingdom into a leading nation with a thriving economy, a vibrant society, and an ambitious homeland. This vision represents a pivotal moment in Saudi Arabia’s history, setting a clear roadmap for a diversified and sustainable future.

Here are the key aspects of Vision 2030 as highlighted in the sources:

• Overarching Goals: Vision 2030 aims to create a thriving economy by diversifying its sources of income away from oil, fostering growth in new sectors, and attracting investment. It seeks a vibrant society by enhancing the quality of life for its citizens and residents, promoting cultural heritage, and empowering various segments of society, including women. The vision also aims for an ambitious homeland by strengthening national capabilities and enhancing the Kingdom’s regional and international standing.
• Leadership and Implementation: The vision was initiated and is being actively driven by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is recognized as the “architect of the vision”. His leadership is seen as instrumental in pushing forward the reforms and initiatives under Vision 2030.
• Key Pillars: While not explicitly divided into three pillars in all excerpts, the sources consistently emphasize the interconnectedness of economic, social, and national development goals. These can be broadly understood as:
• A Thriving Economy: This pillar focuses on economic diversification, primarily by reducing the Kingdom’s reliance on oil revenues. The National Investment Strategy is a key enabler in this regard, aiming to stimulate investments in non-traditional sectors like tourism, technology, and renewable energy. Developing the manufacturing sector and localizing industries, particularly the military industry, to achieve self-sufficiency and create economic opportunities are also crucial aspects. Furthermore, attracting both local and foreign direct investment is a core objective. Developing advanced infrastructure is considered essential to support economic growth and attract investment.
• A Vibrant Society: This pillar encompasses improving the quality of life, promoting cultural and entertainment activities (like Riyadh Season), empowering women, and fostering a strong sense of national identity. The establishment of the Ministry of Culture and related cultural authorities signifies a significant focus on cultural development and integrating culture into daily life.
• An Ambitious Homeland: This involves enhancing national capabilities, particularly in the defense sector through the localization of military industries to achieve strategic independence. It also aims to strengthen Saudi Arabia’s role as an influential player on the regional and international stage.
• Progress and Achievements: The sources highlight significant progress in various sectors under Vision 2030. Non-oil sectors now contribute to over 50% of the GDP, indicating a move towards economic diversification. Foreign direct investment has increased. The localization of military industries has seen progress, with the percentage of localized military expenditure increasing. There have also been advancements in women’s empowerment, with increased participation in the workforce and leadership roles. The Kingdom has also witnessed significant economic growth, particularly in non-oil activities.
• Challenges: Despite the progress, the sources also acknowledge challenges. In the context of localizing military industries, challenges include meeting the Kingdom’s long-term needs for military equipment and services, securing technology transfer, and developing local industrial capabilities and expertise.

In summary, Vision 2030 is a transformative plan for Saudi Arabia, driven by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, aiming for a diversified and sustainable economy, a vibrant society, and an ambitious homeland. It involves significant investments and strategic initiatives across various sectors, with notable progress being made while also addressing existing challenges. Our previous discussion on economic diversification aligns directly with the core economic objectives of Vision 2030.

Saudi Arabia’s National Investment Strategy: Vision 2030

The sources highlight the National Investment Strategy as a fundamental pillar of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, playing a pivotal role in achieving economic diversification and sustainable development.

Here are the key aspects of the investment strategy discussed in the sources:

• Core Objective: Economic Diversification The primary goal of the National Investment Strategy is to restructure the Saudi economy away from its dependence on oil by stimulating investments in diverse non-traditional sectors such as tourism, technology, manufacturing, and renewable energy. This is considered essential for building a more resilient and sustainable economic future.
• Framework for Future Investment: The strategy serves as a comprehensive framework for directing future investments in the Kingdom, aiming to enhance its competitive position on the global investment map.
• Attracting Investment: A key aim is to attract substantial investments, both domestic and foreign, to fuel growth in targeted sectors. The strategy aims to attract investments worth 12.4 trillion Riyals by 2030, including 5 trillion Riyals from the local private sector and 1.8 trillion Riyals in foreign direct investment (FDI). There is also a target of attracting 4 trillion Riyals in foreign investments.
• Improving the Investment Environment: The strategy focuses on developing a more attractive and integrated investment environment by improving business regulations and enhancing the Kingdom’s competitiveness.
• Strategic Sectors: The National Investment Strategy prioritizes investment in key sectors identified as having high growth potential and contributing to diversification. These include:
• Tourism: Aiming for 100 million visitors annually by 2030.
• Technology: With the technology sector experiencing significant annual growth.
• Manufacturing: With a focus on localizing modern technologies.
• Renewable Energy: Targeting 50% of electricity production from renewable sources by 2030.
• Other sectors like healthcare are also seeing significant investment.
• Role of Key Players:
• The Government: Plays a crucial role in guiding the strategy, creating an enabling environment, and making significant investments in infrastructure.
• The Private Sector: The strategy aims to stimulate the local private sector, targeting 5 trillion Riyals in investment by 2030.
• Foreign Investors: Attracting FDI is a major component, with a target of 1.8 trillion Riyals by 2030 and an additional target to attract 4 trillion Riyals. The increase in investment licenses issued reflects the Kingdom’s growing attractiveness as an investment destination.
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF): Manages substantial investments, with a targeted value of 5 trillion Riyals by 2030, and collaborates with the private sector on projects.
• Impact and Progress: The sources indicate that the National Investment Strategy is already yielding tangible results:
• Increased FDI: Foreign direct investment saw a 10% increase in 2023 compared to the previous year. Annual FDI flows have significantly increased, reaching 388 billion Saudi Riyals in 2030 (projected) from 17 billion Riyals in 2019.
• Growth of Non-Oil Sectors: Non-oil sectors now constitute over 50% of the GDP, demonstrating a clear shift towards a more diversified economy.
• Increased Investment Licenses: The number of investment licenses issued has seen substantial growth, indicating strong investor interest.
• Rise in Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Data shows an annual growth of 5.3% in gross fixed capital formation for 2024, driven by a 7.9% increase in the non-governmental sector.
• Localization of Military Industries: As discussed in our previous turn, the localization of military industries is a specific strategic initiative that aligns with the broader investment strategy. It aims to reduce military spending, attract foreign capital, create jobs, and enhance national defense capabilities. The goal is to reach 50% localization by 2030.

In conclusion, the National Investment Strategy is a critical driver of Saudi Arabia’s economic transformation under Vision 2030. It focuses on attracting diverse investments, both local and foreign, into key non-oil sectors, supported by efforts to improve the investment climate and develop advanced infrastructure. The strategy is already demonstrating significant progress in diversifying the economy and increasing investment inflows.

Saudi Defense Industry: Vision 2030 and Diversification

The sources discuss the defense industry primarily in the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and its efforts towards economic diversification and achieving strategic independence.

Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects related to the defense industry as mentioned in the sources:

• Localization of Military Industries: The localization of military industries is a significant objective under Vision 2030. This initiative aims to reduce the Kingdom’s military expenditure by manufacturing more defense equipment and supplies domestically. It also seeks to replace reliance on external suppliers for repair and maintenance with locally produced and maintained parts.
• Economic Benefits: The localization of the defense industry is expected to bring several economic benefits:
• Attracting foreign capital to the Saudi economy through the opening of military factories.
• Creating job opportunities, contributing to the Saudi job market.
• Boosting the local market with increased investment.
• Improving the efficiency of military supply and raising the readiness of military entities.
• Technological Advancement: The development of the defense industry requires the integration of modern technologies, making electrical engineering and related fields crucial. Key technological areas include:
• Smart weapon guidance and remote-controlled shooting.
• Military drones and surveillance technologies.
• Reliable and renewable energy sources for military applications.
• Automatic control systems and artificial intelligence.
• Advanced battery production and energy management systems.
• Radars, electronic warfare systems, and directed energy weapons like laser weapons.
• Role of Electrical Engineering: Electrical engineering plays a fundamental role in modern military technology, contributing to:
• Developing and enhancing the efficiency of defense systems and equipment.
• Improving command and control systems.
• Enhancing the operational effectiveness of military equipment.
• Designing and developing smart control systems for vehicles and aircraft.
• Developing communication, vision, and sensing systems (including thermal imaging and radar).
• Developing secure and reliable energy sources.
• Protecting systems from jamming and cyberattacks.
• Academia and Innovation: Saudi universities have a role to play in supporting innovation in the electrical engineering aspects of the defense industry through research, collaboration with industrial companies, developing specialized educational programs, establishing innovation incubators, and integrating military-focused graduation projects.
• Job Opportunities and Skills: The defense industry offers diverse job opportunities across various specializations, requiring a skilled workforce in areas such as engineering, manufacturing, technical support, and administration. It emphasizes high quality standards and a well-structured production process. Technicians play a crucial role in ensuring production meets required specifications and quality standards.
• Alignment with Vision 2030 and Investment Strategy: As we discussed previously, the localization of the defense industry directly supports the goals of Vision 2030 for economic diversification by creating a new sector, attracting investment, and generating employment. It also aligns with the National Investment Strategy by focusing on developing the manufacturing sector and enhancing national capabilities [our previous turn]. The goal of reaching 50% localization of military expenditure by 2030 reflects the ambitious targets set under these strategic frameworks [our previous turn].

In summary, the development of a robust domestic defense industry is a key component of Saudi Arabia’s strategic vision. It is driven by the objectives of economic diversification, technological advancement, job creation, and achieving greater self-reliance in meeting the Kingdom’s defense needs.

Regional Conflicts and Mediation Efforts

The sources discuss several ongoing regional conflicts and tensions, highlighting their impact and the efforts being made to address them.

The Russian-Ukrainian Conflict:

The sources extensively cover the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the role Saudi Arabia has played in attempting to mediate and facilitate peace. Notably:

• There was an agreement to implement necessary measures regarding the cessation of targeting energy facilities in both Russia and Ukraine. This agreement was reportedly made between Presidents Trump and Putin, and also between Presidents Trump and Zelensky.
• The United States and Russia affirmed their joint commitment to continue working towards achieving lasting and sustainable peace in the region. They also agreed to prevent the use of commercial ships in the Black Sea for military purposes, alongside Ukraine.
• The United States reiterated its commitment to help reach an agreement on prisoner exchanges and the return of Ukrainian children transferred to Russia.
• Saudi Arabia has been actively involved in facilitating and continuing negotiations for a peaceful resolution to the conflict, building on agreements made in Riyadh. The Kingdom is presented as a reliable global partner and a compass for international politics, chosen by world leaders as a trusted destination for discussing peaceful solutions to the Ukrainian crisis.
• Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is highlighted for his high political standing and ability to bridge communication between the involved parties, facilitating constructive dialogue.
• Ukraine confirmed that talks with the United States in Jeddah were “very constructive” and involved discussions on a ceasefire and the end of the war that began with the Russian invasion in 2022.
• Ukraine hoped to persuade Washington to resume military aid and intelligence sharing, which were reportedly halted after a disagreement between Presidents Trump and Zelensky.
• Ukrainian officials stated their readiness to do everything possible to achieve peace. An attack involving hundreds of drones on Moscow and other regions was aimed at pressuring President Putin to agree to an air and sea truce.
• The French President Emmanuel Macron welcomed the progress made in the talks between the United States and Ukraine regarding the possibility of ending the ongoing Russian war.
• The United Kingdom supported the peace process and the outcomes of the talks in Jeddah.
• The Secretary-General of the Arab League and the Secretary-General of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) praised Saudi Arabia’s hosting of these talks, emphasizing the Kingdom’s influential role and the international community’s confidence in its peace-making efforts.
• The Jordanian government also welcomed Saudi Arabia’s hosting of the talks, hoping they would contribute to a solution to the war and enhance international peace and security.
• The European Union welcomed the agreement between Ukraine and the United States, reached after their meeting in Saudi Arabia, which included proposed measures for a ceasefire, humanitarian efforts, and the exchange of security and intelligence information.
• Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has made significant efforts to contribute to stopping the war, including mediating prisoner exchanges between Russia and Ukraine, which enhanced Saudi Arabia’s standing as an influential diplomatic mediator. The Kingdom was reportedly the main point of direct contact between the warring parties.

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:

The sources detail the escalation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, particularly in Gaza and the West Bank:

• The “Israeli” occupation has continued its war of genocide against the Gaza Strip for the ninth consecutive day, resulting in hundreds of martyrs and thousands of injuries.
• Intense Israeli shelling and airstrikes have targeted various areas in Gaza, including residential buildings, refugee camps, and agricultural land, causing widespread destruction and casualties.
• There are reports of the “Israeli” forces using powerful and destructive bombs, including GBU-39 guided bombs.
• The “Israeli” occupation has reportedly cut off water supplies to the residents of Gaza and prevented the entry of fuel.
• The suffering of Palestinians in Gaza is exacerbated by a severe water crisis, with many lacking access to safe drinking water.
• The “Israeli” forces have conducted raids and arrests in the West Bank, including in Jenin and Hebron, often accompanied by the destruction of property.
• The Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed the Kingdom’s strong condemnation and denunciation of the Israeli occupation forces’ bombing of the Syrian town of Koya, which resulted in deaths and injuries. Saudi Arabia reiterated its absolute rejection of the continued attempts by the Israeli occupation authorities to undermine the security and stability of Syria and the region through its flagrant and repeated violations of relevant international laws.
• The Permanent Representative of Saudi Arabia to the United Nations in Geneva condemned the continued aggressions and violations committed by Israel against the Palestinian people, pointing to the systematic targeting of civilians. He also rejected the Israeli occupation’s plans to displace Palestinians from the Gaza Strip and the legalization of illegal settlements in the West Bank.
• The Secretary-General of the GCC condemned the Israeli aggression on the Syrian town of Koya as a continuation of its aggressive approach to destabilize the region. He emphasized the importance of respecting Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity for the region’s security and stability.

The Conflict in Sudan:

The sources report on the ongoing conflict in Sudan between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces:

• The Sudanese army announced that it had fully controlled Khartoum airport after two years of Rapid Support Forces’ presence inside.
• The army was also reported to be besieging the Jabal Awliya area south of the capital, the last major stronghold of the Rapid Support Forces in the Khartoum region.
• The Sudanese army launched a wide-scale operation to expel the Rapid Support Forces from the capital after the latter seized the Republican Palace and other vital facilities.
• The “Hamamu al-Emergency” group, which documents violations in the Sudanese war, accused the army of carrying out a deadly bombing in northern Darfur, potentially one of the deadliest incidents since the conflict began two years prior. However, the army spokesperson denied these claims.
• A military source reported that the army had taken control of the Al-Manshiya Bridge, one of the bridges crossing the Blue Nile east of Khartoum, leaving the Rapid Support Forces controlling only the Jabal Awliya Bridge to the south of the capital.
• Witnesses reportedly saw Rapid Support Forces fighters withdrawing south of Khartoum, seemingly towards Jabal Awliya.

Other Regional Tensions:

• The Lebanese President demanded a halt to Israeli “hostile acts”.

In summary, the sources depict a region marked by significant and interconnected conflicts. Saudi Arabia is presented as actively trying to mediate the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and strongly condemning Israeli actions in Palestine and Syria, which are seen as destabilizing the Middle East. The conflict in Sudan adds another layer of complexity to regional security concerns. Our previous discussions on Saudi Arabia’s focus on economic diversification and developing its own defense industry are indirectly relevant, as regional instability can impact economic development and the need for strong national defense capabilities.

Mohammed bin Salman…an effective role in consolidating international security and stability

US expresses gratitude to Crown Prince for hosting Russian-Ukrainian talks

The Kingdom is a key mediator contributing to promoting peace and stability.

The United States expressed its gratitude to His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, for his wise leadership and sponsorship of the bilateral talks with Russian and Ukrainian delegations in Riyadh from March 23 to 25, 2025. The talks took place in an atmosphere of constructive cooperation and mutual respect, resulting in a set of agreements that contribute to enhancing regional and international stability and security. A White House statement said: The talks once again demonstrated the role of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a key mediator contributing to promoting peace and stability in the region. According to the statement, the United States and Russia agreed to ensure safe navigation in the Black Sea, with a commitment to avoid the use of force or directing military attacks, and to ensure that commercial vessels are not used for military purposes. It explained that America will work with Russia to facilitate the restoration of its ability to access the global market for exporting agricultural materials and fertilizers, by reducing marine insurance costs and enhancing access to ports and payment systems for export transactions. They also agreed to implement the necessary measures to achieve what was agreed upon between Presidents Trump and Putin regarding the ban on targeting energy facilities in both Russia and Ukraine. The two sides welcomed the good offices of a third country to support the implementation of agreements on energy and maritime navigation. The United States and Russia affirmed their shared commitment to continue working to achieve lasting and sustainable peace in the region. The United States and Ukraine agreed to ensure safe navigation in the Black Sea while avoiding the use of commercial vessels for military purposes. The United States affirmed its commitment to helping reach an agreement on the exchange of prisoners, the release of civilian detainees, and the return of Ukrainian children forcibly transferred to Russia. It was agreed to implement the necessary measures to implement the agreement between Presidents Trump and Zelenskyy prohibiting the targeting of energy facilities in both Russia and Ukraine. The United States and Ukraine welcomed the efforts of third countries to facilitate the implementation of agreements related to energy and maritime navigation, and affirmed their determination to continue working toward achieving sustainable peace in the region. The statement pointed to America’s commitment and continued efforts to facilitate negotiations and work towards a peaceful solution to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, based on what was agreed upon in Riyadh, and within the framework of ongoing efforts to achieve lasting stability and security.

The Kingdom is a leading global investment power.

Riyadh – Razan Al-Otaibi

On the anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to the sponsor of the vision, His Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, loyalty is renewed and pride increases for the leadership of the prince who reshaped the Saudi landscape through gigantic and rapid achievements that witnessed numerous reforms in all sectors. This is the most important historical phase the Kingdom has ever experienced, in which ambitions were transformed into a tangible reality from the ambitious vision of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, which seeks to invest in the strengths that the Kingdom possesses, from its distinguished strategic position, its pioneering investment power, and its Arab and Islamic depth. Amidst clear future prospects, the Kingdom is making steady strides toward achieving the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, under the leadership of the vision’s sponsor, Prince Mohammed bin Salman. It is devoting most of its attention to providing a thriving economy for a vibrant society and an ambitious nation, so that the Kingdom can join the ranks of the world’s advanced countries. It also aims to build a diversified and sustainable economy, utilizing the most important resources and skills that constitute a source of strength possessed by the Kingdom. Based on the second axis of the nation’s ambitious vision, Vision 2030, which focuses on making the Kingdom’s economy prosperous, it also aims to focus on expanding the strategic objectives represented in diversifying the Kingdom’s economy and reducing dependence on oil as a primary economic resource, by attracting local and foreign investments and expanding the investment network in the Kingdom, to ensure economic stability and diversify its sources. This economic stability constitutes a fundamental pillar for the success of the National Investment Strategy, launched by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman – may God protect him – in October 2020, within the framework of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. This strategy is one of the main enablers for achieving the Vision’s objectives, as it provides a general framework for enhancing the future of investment in the Kingdom by developing investment opportunities, improving the business environment, and strengthening the Kingdom’s competitive position on the global investment map.

World Trust

Abdullah Al-Hasani

In all situations, even during crises and events, the Kingdom proves that it is a peacemaker, a beacon of justice in the balance of international politics, and the compass that holds the reins and balance of power. Reflecting the growing international confidence in the Kingdom, we find it has become a trusted destination for world leaders. It is not far from what the world stands on, and what observers can see, that the leaders of the United States and the Russian Federation have chosen the Kingdom to be the most effective and appropriate option for exploring a peaceful horizon for the Ukrainian crisis. Here, the luminous and striking presence and high political standing of His Highness the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman are evident, as is his ability to build bridges of communication between the parties, and his high reliability, which makes him the most capable and worthy of facilitating constructive dialogue to bring viewpoints closer together. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, based on its commitment to its regional and international responsibilities, views honest dialogue as the only way to find a peaceful solution to the crisis, and is keen to push towards international consensus on frameworks and mechanisms that enhance global security and stability, away from the language of escalation and closer to the spirit of understanding and cooperation. It is no wonder, in light of the Kingdom’s international presence and the confidence it enjoys, that our country’s efforts have been recognized and translated into widespread praise from world leaders, perhaps the most recent of which is the praise of the United States of America through the mediation and good efforts of His Highness the Crown Prince, and the appreciation and gratitude that the Kingdom’s efforts to enhance international security and stability have received from the leaders of major countries in the world. The United States’ appreciation for His Highness the Crown Prince comes within the framework of the American leadership’s appreciation for His Highness – may God protect him – and for the Kingdom’s political and economic standing, its weight, and its pivotal role at the international level, and the status that the Kingdom and its wise leadership – may God protect it – enjoy in the international community. Overall, the Kingdom’s efforts remain a significant and valuable feature at all levels, whether at the level of presence or influence, politically, economically, humanitarianly, or culturally, through its diverse efforts aimed at achieving prosperity, peace, and harmony, and expanding tolerance and cultural dialogue that is not based on narrow ideologies or biased calculations, whether in terms of race, identity, or otherwise, but rather aims for the good of humanity, its peace, and its well-being in all parts of the world.

Lebanese President calls for halt to Israeli hostilities

Lebanese President Joseph Aoun stressed on Wednesday the need for the sponsors of the ceasefire agreement with Israel to pressure it to abide by it, in order to preserve their credibility and halt hostilities. President Aoun said during his meeting with French presidential envoy Jean-Yves Le Drian: “Reforms are a priority, in parallel with the reconstruction of what was destroyed by Israel, and work will continue to restore confidence within Lebanon.” He added that the measures that will be taken at the administrative level carry a positive message to Lebanon both within and outside the country. According to a statement published by the Lebanese Presidency on its Facebook page, “The President of the Republic discussed with the French Presidential Envoy, Jean-Yves Le Drian, the atmosphere of his upcoming visit to France next Friday.” In addition, a visit scheduled for Wednesday by Lebanese Defense Minister Michel Menassa to Damascus to discuss border control between the two countries was postponed after clashes that resulted in deaths and injuries, according to a Lebanese official and a Syrian government source. The Lebanese official, who preferred to remain anonymous, confirmed, “We were informed that the Lebanese Defense Minister’s visit was postponed on Tuesday,” adding that the postponement came “based on coordination between the two sides and not because of a dispute or tension,” without specifying another date for the visit. A Syrian government source, for his part, said that the postponement was linked to “preparations in Syria to form a new government,” as Mansa Nazra was supposed to meet with the Syrian Minister of Defense, Murhaf Abu Qasra.

The Kingdom condemns the Israeli occupation’s bombing of the Syrian town of Koya.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s strong condemnation and denunciation of the Israeli occupation forces’ bombing of the town of Koya in the sisterly Syrian Arab Republic, which resulted in the killing and wounding of dozens of innocent people. In a statement, it said: “The Kingdom reiterates its categorical rejection of the continued attempts by the Israeli occupation authorities to undermine the security and stability of Syria and the region through their blatant and repeated violations of relevant international laws. It expresses its solidarity with sisterly Syria in the face of this unjustified Israeli aggression, and stresses the need for the member states of the Security Council to play their role, stand firmly and seriously against these ongoing Israeli violations in Syria and the region, and activate international accountability mechanisms for them.”

The Sudanese army takes control of Khartoum Airport and denies targeting civilians.

A Sudanese military source said on Wednesday that the army had taken control of Khartoum Airport, which had been “fully secured,” two years after Rapid Support Forces were stationed there. The source, who requested anonymity, added that the army was besieging the Jebel Awliya area south of the capital from the north, south, and east. It is the last major stronghold of the Rapid Support Forces in the Khartoum area. This week, the Sudanese army launched a large-scale operation to expel the Rapid Support Forces, with whom it has been engaged in a devastating conflict since April 2023, from the government area in the center of the capital after seizing control of the Republican Palace and other vital facilities on Friday, including the Central Bank and the National Intelligence headquarters. On the other hand, the Emergency Lawyers group, which documents violations in the Sudanese war, accused the army on Tuesday of carrying out a bloody bombardment on northern Darfur, in a strike that may be among the deadliest since the conflict began two years ago. In a written message to Agence France-Presse via WhatsApp, army spokesman Nabil Abdullah described the claims as “incorrect.” He said, “We observe the rules of targeting in air strikes in accordance with international law, and we can never target innocent civilians.” Abdullah accused the Rapid Support Forces of targeting civilians “systematically and continuously… with artillery or missiles.”

Gaza: A bloody massacre on the ninth day of the “genocide”

Gaza – Nazir Taha

For the ninth consecutive day, the Israeli occupation continues its war of genocide against the Gaza Strip, leaving hundreds of martyrs and thousands wounded after committing bloody massacres against them and violating the ceasefire agreement that entered into force on January 19. The death toll and injuries since March 18 have reached 730, and 1,367, according to a report by the Palestinian Ministry of Health. The death toll from the Israeli aggression has risen to 50,082 deaths and 113,408 injuries since October 7, 2023. The occupation continued its bombing and destruction of several areas in the Gaza Strip. At dawn on Wednesday, the occupation committed a bloody massacre after bombing a populated home belonging to the al-Najjar family on Old Gaza Street in Jabalia al-Balad, north of the Gaza Strip, resulting in the deaths of eight martyrs, including four children, and the injury of others. The occupation artillery shelled several locations in the Shuja’iyya neighborhood east of Gaza City, coinciding with the demolition of residential buildings in the village of Umm al-Nisr north of Gaza, and heavy gunfire from military vehicles stationed in the buffer zone. Over the past hours, the occupation has intensified gunfire towards citizens’ homes in the al-Zeitoun neighborhood southeast of Gaza City.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These excerpts from the Al Riyadh newspaper, dated March 26, 2025, primarily celebrate the eighth anniversary of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s pledge of allegiance. The articles highlight the Kingdom’s remarkable progress and development across various sectors under his leadership, aligning with Vision 2030. Several pieces also cover Saudi Arabia’s growing international role in economic, political, and diplomatic spheres, including energy markets and peace initiatives. Additionally, the newspaper reports on local developments and initiatives such as infrastructure projects, cultural events, and community services across different regions of the Kingdom.

Vision 2030: A Comprehensive Study Guide

Quiz

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

1. What are some key aspects of the transformative changes brought about by Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia?
2. How has Saudi Arabia, under the leadership mentioned, emphasized the importance of education and training?
3. What are the “Saudi Green Initiative” and “Middle East Green Initiative,” and what do they aim to achieve?
4. In what ways has the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia shifted since the appointment of the Crown Prince in 2017?
5. How does Vision 2030 aim to diversify the Saudi Arabian economy away from its reliance on oil?
6. What role does Vision 2030 envision for the tourism sector in the Kingdom’s future economy?
7. Describe some of the “giga-projects” associated with Vision 2030 and their intended impact.
8. How has Vision 2030 contributed to the empowerment of women in Saudi Arabia?
9. What efforts have been undertaken in Saudi Arabia, as highlighted in the text, to combat corruption?
10. How does Vision 2030 aim to enhance the quality of life for citizens and residents in Saudi Arabia?

Answer Key

1. Vision 2030 encompasses a wide range of transformations, including smart cities, investments in clean energy, environmental conservation, and efforts to elevate the Kingdom’s international standing. It aims for comprehensive development across various aspects of life, moving beyond the historical reliance on oil.
2. The leadership has focused on the critical role of education and training by establishing educational and vocational systems designed to prepare Saudi youth to be at the heart of global development. This initiative seeks to equip the next generation with the skills needed for a modern, competitive workforce.
3. The “Saudi Green Initiative” and “Middle East Green Initiative” are key environmental programs focused on reducing carbon emissions, protecting the planet, increasing reliance on renewable energy, and planting billions of trees. These initiatives underscore the Kingdom’s commitment to environmental sustainability and combating climate change.
4. Since 2017, Saudi foreign policy has adopted a more active and influential role in regional and international affairs. The Kingdom has worked to strengthen relationships with various global powers and has taken a leading stance on regional issues, including counter-terrorism efforts.
5. Vision 2030 seeks to diversify the Saudi economy by promoting the development of non-oil sectors such as tourism, technology, and manufacturing. This includes investing in large-scale projects and creating a free market environment to reduce dependence on traditional oil revenues and foster a more sustainable economic future.
6. Vision 2030 places a significant emphasis on developing the tourism sector as a key source of national income and economic growth. By investing in infrastructure, cultural and entertainment events, and streamlining visa processes, the Kingdom aims to become a leading global tourist destination.
7. “Giga-projects” like NEOM, Al Qiddiya, and the Red Sea Project are ambitious developments aimed at creating new hubs for business, tourism, and innovation. These projects are intended to diversify the economy, attract foreign investment, and enhance Saudi Arabia’s global image.
8. Vision 2030 has actively worked to empower women by granting them new rights and opening opportunities for participation in various sectors of the workforce and society. This includes leadership roles and aims to improve the overall quality of life and foster a more inclusive society.
9. Saudi Arabia has undertaken significant efforts to combat corruption through legislative reforms, the establishment of anti-corruption bodies like “Nazaha,” and the implementation of transparent governance practices. These campaigns have involved holding high-profile figures accountable and aim to create a healthier institutional environment.
10. Vision 2030 includes initiatives focused on improving the quality of life through the development of infrastructure, enhanced public services (including education and healthcare), and the promotion of cultural and recreational activities. The development of smart cities and sustainable infrastructure are also key components of this goal.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the key pillars of Vision 2030 and discuss the extent to which the source material suggests progress towards achieving these goals.
2. Evaluate the significance of Saudi Arabia’s shift in foreign policy under the current leadership, as portrayed in the excerpts, and its implications for regional stability and international relations.
3. Discuss the strategies outlined in Vision 2030 for economic diversification, critically assessing the potential challenges and opportunities associated with moving away from oil dependence.
4. Examine the social reforms and initiatives highlighted in the source material that are aimed at enhancing the quality of life for Saudi citizens and residents, and discuss their broader impact on Saudi society.
5. Analyze the anti-corruption efforts described in the text and their role in the broader context of Vision 2030’s objectives for national development and international credibility.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Vision 2030: A strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia with the goal of diversifying its economy, developing public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism, and strengthening governance.
• Clean Energy: Energy generated from renewable sources that do not produce greenhouse gases or pollutants, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
• Environmental Conservation: The practice of protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment.
• Giga-projects: Large-scale, ambitious development projects initiated as part of Vision 2030, such as NEOM and the Red Sea Project.
• Economic Diversification: The process of shifting an economy away from a single income source towards a wider variety of sectors to ensure stability and growth.
• Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, encompassing environmental, social, and economic aspects.
• Foreign Policy: A government’s strategy in dealing with other nations, involving diplomacy, trade, defense, and other interactions.
• Empowerment of Women: The process of increasing the social, economic, and political strength of women.
• Anti-Corruption: Measures taken to prevent and combat bribery, fraud, and other illegal or unethical practices, especially by government officials or in business dealings.
• Quality of Life: The general well-being of individuals and societies, encompassing health, happiness, comfort, and security.
• Saudi Green Initiative: A national initiative focused on environmental sustainability, including reducing emissions and planting trees.
• Middle East Green Initiative: A broader regional initiative aiming to coordinate efforts across the Middle East to address climate change and environmental challenges.
• NEOM: A planned smart city in northwestern Saudi Arabia, envisioned as a hub for innovation, technology, and sustainable living.
• Al Qiddiya: An entertainment city under development in Saudi Arabia, focusing on culture, sports, and leisure activities.
• Red Sea Project: A luxury tourism development on Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coast, emphasizing environmental sustainability.
• Nazaha: The National Anti-Corruption Commission in Saudi Arabia, responsible for promoting integrity and combating corruption.
• Public Investment Fund (PIF): Saudi Arabia’s sovereign wealth fund, playing a key role in funding Vision 2030 projects and diversifying the economy through strategic investments.

Briefing Document: Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and the Eighth Anniversary of the Crown Prince’s Allegiance

Sources: Excerpts from “20724.pdf” (likely an Arabic newspaper or publication).

Overview:

This briefing document synthesizes the main themes and important ideas presented in the provided Arabic source, which focuses on the eighth anniversary of the allegiance ( البيعة الثامنة ) to His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman as Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. The excerpts overwhelmingly celebrate the achievements and ambitious goals of Vision 2030 under his leadership, highlighting progress across various sectors, including economic diversification, social reforms, environmental sustainability, and international relations. The document portrays the Crown Prince as a visionary and inspirational leader driving unprecedented development and positioning Saudi Arabia as a key global player.

Main Themes and Important Ideas:

1. Commemoration and Renewal of Allegiance:

• The anniversary is seen as a significant occasion to reaffirm loyalty and appreciation for the Crown Prince’s leadership.
• It’s a time to reflect on the progress achieved under Vision 2030 and to renew commitment towards its future goals.
• The source emphasizes the deep-rooted allegiance to a leader who is dedicated to a bright future for the nation and its people: ” (Celebrating the eighth anniversary of the allegiance to His Highness the Crown Prince is a deep celebration and recollection of the national ambition, a redefinition of the Kingdom’s standing, and a confirmation of its path on the international stage, with its renewal every year of loyalty and fidelity to a leader who pledges a bright future for his country and his people).

1. Vision 2030 as a Catalyst for Comprehensive Transformation:

• Vision 2030 is presented as a comprehensive and ambitious roadmap for the Kingdom’s future, encompassing all aspects of life.
• It is credited with initiating a new era of development and modernization, moving away from dependence on oil.
• The vision is described as a “great strategic vision” and a “brilliant and ambitious roadmap” reaching for the heights ).
• It’s a “developmental journey” ) marked by “unprecedented economic renaissance” ).

1. Economic Diversification and Growth:

• A key focus of Vision 2030 is diversifying the Saudi economy away from its reliance on oil revenues.
• The establishment of mega-projects like NEOM, Al Qiddiya, and the Red Sea Project are highlighted as drivers of this diversification, aiming to attract investments and boost the Kingdom’s global standing.
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF) is playing a crucial role in managing strategic investments to enhance income sources and reduce oil dependence.
• The development of the tourism sector is specifically mentioned as a major avenue for economic diversification and revenue generation.

1. Social Reforms and Quality of Life Enhancements:

• The excerpts emphasize improvements in the quality of life for citizens and residents through various initiatives.
• Developments in education, healthcare, and entertainment are noted.
• The empowerment of youth and the increasing role of women in society are highlighted as significant achievements.
• The “Quality of Life Program” is mentioned as aiming to improve living standards by developing infrastructure and services.

1. Environmental Sustainability:

• The importance of environmental preservation and addressing climate change is a prominent theme.
• The Crown Prince is portrayed as one of the first leaders to recognize the significance of environmental change for humanity’s future.
• Initiatives like the “Saudi Green Initiative” and the “Middle East Green Initiative,” as well as investments in clean and renewable energy projects, are showcased.
• The goal of planting 10 billion trees across the Kingdom and protecting 30% of land and sea areas by 2030 is mentioned.

1. Strengthening International Relations and Global Role:

• Saudi Arabia, under the Crown Prince’s leadership, is actively working to strengthen its relations with various global powers in both the West and the East.
• The Kingdom is playing a more pivotal role in addressing regional and international issues, aiming to enhance its global standing and expand its alliances.
• The Saudi foreign policy under Vision 2030 is described as one of continuous engagement with challenges and a focus on regional stability.
• The Kingdom’s role in counter-terrorism and the formation of military alliances for regional stability are mentioned.

1. Combating Corruption and Promoting Transparency:

• A significant aspect of the reforms under the Crown Prince is the strong campaign against corruption.
• This is portrayed as a crucial step towards improving government performance, ensuring the proper use of public resources, and building trust between the citizens and the government.
• The establishment of the National Anti-Corruption Authority (“Nazaha”) and legislative reforms aimed at strengthening accountability are highlighted.
• The Crown Prince’s decisive leadership in holding even high-ranking individuals accountable for corruption is emphasized.

1. Developing Human Capital through Education and Training:

• The importance of education and training is underscored as essential for building a generation capable of contributing to global development.
• The Kingdom is becoming a destination for ambitious youth striving to achieve their goals.
• The Ministry of Education’s efforts to instill values of moderation, tolerance, and national belonging in students are highlighted.
• The development of curricula and various educational programs and initiatives aimed at fostering critical thinking and combating extremism are mentioned.

1. Hosting Global Events:

• Saudi Arabia’s preparation to host major international events like “Expo 2030” in Riyadh and the “FIFA World Cup 2034” is presented as a testament to the Kingdom’s rising global prominence.
• These events are expected to further enhance the Kingdom’s position as a cultural and commercial destination.

1. Philanthropic and Humanitarian Efforts:

• The Crown Prince’s initiatives in charitable and humanitarian work, both domestically and internationally, are acknowledged.
• The establishment of the Mohammed bin Salman “Misk Al Khairia” Foundation and the support for charitable organizations are mentioned as contributing to social welfare and development.
• King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre is highlighted for its role in international humanitarian efforts.

1. Embracing Modernization and Technology:

• The excerpts indicate a strong push towards embracing modern technologies, including artificial intelligence, in various sectors.
• The development of smart cities and the use of technology to enhance government services and monitor financial activities are mentioned.

Quotes Highlighting Key Aspects:

• (Visionary Leadership): “” (The present is being implemented by an inspiring and exceptional leader who is never satisfied with his dreams.)
• (Education and Youth Empowerment): ” (He has worked to direct attention towards the importance of education and training, and established an educational and professional system that prepares a generation of Saudi youth to become at the heart of global development; hence, we find that under his leadership, the Kingdom has become a destination for ambitious youth who continue their pursuit of achieving aspirations for the future, whose seeds were sown by Vision 2030.)
• (Environmental Focus): “” (The Kingdom was keen to make its role pivotal in preserving the environment and invested in projects of clean and renewable energy to reduce harmful emissions and protect planet Earth…)
• (Global Standing): “” (In less than a decade, he has become a rising sun, and with him, a new pivotal force for the Kingdom in the world, a bright sun carrying within it ambitions…)
• (Foreign Policy Transformation): ” (Since the allegiance of Crown Prince Prince Mohammed bin Salman in 2017, Saudi foreign policy has entered a new stage, shifting from a reactive role to a pivotal role in various regional and international issues.)
• (Economic Diversification Goal): ” (…as he seeks to move the Kingdom away from dependence on the traditional oil economy to a free market-related trading economy.)
• (Tourism as a Driver): “” (Also, Saudi Vision 2030 focuses significantly on developing the tourism sector as a primary source, thereby reducing dependence on oil revenue.)
• (Mega-Projects’ Impact): ..” (Saudi Vision 2030 includes a set of ambitious projects aimed at achieving a comprehensive transformation in the Kingdom, among the most prominent of these projects: NEOM, a futuristic city based on technology and innovation, aiming to be a global center for business and tourism…)
• (Combating Corruption as Strategic Goal): (Combating corruption was not just a security campaign, but part of a strategic vision aimed at improving government performance and ensuring that the Kingdom’s wealth and resources are directed towards achieving the interests of the people and developing the Kingdom in various fields.)
• (Vision 2030’s Pillars): “” (The vision represents a plan for the life of citizens, it is a system of interconnected programs, and the vision of the Crown Prince relies on (3) axes to achieve the vision’s path: the vibrant society, the thriving economy, and the ambitious nation…)
• (Youth as Real Wealth): “(…the largest segment of society, and the plans of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman aligned with the aspirations and dreams of the youth, the Kingdom’s true wealth.)
• (Global Peacemaker Role): “” (Towards His Highness the Crown Prince, asking him – may God protect him – to mediate between them to resolve their political differences, and desiring his intervention to end the ongoing armed conflicts that have drained their societies and spilled their blood, and asking how to stop the wars and conflicts, given his wise opinion and sound judgment.)

Conclusion:

The provided excerpts paint a picture of a Saudi Arabia undergoing rapid and comprehensive transformation under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Vision 2030 is portrayed as a resounding success, driving progress across various critical sectors. The eighth anniversary of the Crown Prince’s allegiance is celebrated as a testament to his visionary leadership, the strong national will to achieve ambitious goals, and the Kingdom’s growing prominence on the global stage. The document reflects a sense of optimism and confidence in Saudi Arabia’s future trajectory towards a diversified, sustainable, and influential global role.

Saudi Vision 2030: Core Objectives and Strategies

Frequently Asked Questions on the Provided Sources

1. What is the central objective of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, as highlighted in these sources?

Vision 2030 aims for a comprehensive transformation of Saudi Arabia, encompassing economic diversification to reduce reliance on oil, modernization across various sectors like technology, tourism, and renewable energy, and an enhanced global standing. It emphasizes improving the quality of life for citizens and residents, fostering a vibrant society rooted in Islamic values and national heritage, and establishing the Kingdom as a leading global force in economics, politics, and culture.

2. How does Vision 2030 intend to diversify the Saudi Arabian economy away from its dependence on oil?

The vision seeks to diversify the economy through strategic investments in non-oil sectors such as tourism, technology, renewable energy, manufacturing, and the development of mega-projects like NEOM, the Red Sea Project, and Al Qiddiya. It focuses on attracting foreign investment, fostering entrepreneurship among Saudi youth, developing a robust free-market economy, and increasing the contribution of non-oil revenues to the national income.

3. What role does the development of mega-projects play in achieving the goals of Vision 2030?

Mega-projects like NEOM, the Red Sea Project, Al Qiddiya, and others are integral to Vision 2030 as they are designed to attract significant investments, create new job opportunities, drive economic growth in non-traditional sectors, and position Saudi Arabia as a global hub for business, tourism, and innovation. These projects aim to redefine urban living, promote sustainable development, and showcase the Kingdom’s ambition and potential.

4. How has Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy evolved under the leadership mentioned in the sources, in alignment with Vision 2030?

Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy has become more proactive and multi-faceted, aiming to strengthen its regional and international alliances, enhance its influence on global issues, and promote stability in the Middle East. It emphasizes building partnerships with various countries, playing a key role in regional mediation and conflict resolution (such as efforts towards stability in Syria and fostering unity among GCC nations), and actively combating terrorism and extremism. The foreign policy also supports the goals of Vision 2030 by attracting international collaborations and investments.

5. What emphasis is placed on education and youth empowerment within the framework of Vision 2030?

Education and youth empowerment are critical pillars of Vision 2030. The vision aims to create a modern and efficient education system that prepares Saudi youth to compete globally, meet the demands of the future job market, and contribute to the Kingdom’s development. Various initiatives focus on enhancing curricula, promoting critical thinking, fostering innovation, and providing opportunities for skills development and leadership roles for the younger generation in diverse sectors.

6. How does Vision 2030 address the importance of sustainability and environmental conservation?

Sustainability and environmental conservation are significant aspects of Vision 2030. The Kingdom has launched initiatives like the “Saudi Green Initiative” and the “Middle East Green Initiative” to reduce carbon emissions, increase reliance on clean energy sources, protect natural resources and biodiversity, and combat desertification. These efforts demonstrate a commitment to preserving the planet for future generations and align with global efforts to address climate change.

7. What reforms and initiatives have been undertaken in Saudi Arabia to promote social development and improve the quality of life under Vision 2030?

Significant social reforms have been implemented, including the empowerment of women through expanded rights and opportunities, development of the cultural and entertainment sectors, and initiatives to enhance healthcare, infrastructure, and public services. The “Quality of Life Program” specifically aims to improve the living standards of citizens and residents by providing better amenities, cultural experiences, and recreational activities, making Saudi Arabia a more attractive place to live and work.

8. How has the fight against corruption been prioritized and addressed as part of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030?

Combating corruption is a high priority within Vision 2030, viewed as essential for building a transparent, accountable, and prosperous nation. Significant efforts have been made to strengthen regulatory bodies (like “Nazaha”), implement legal reforms to deter and punish corruption, enhance transparency in government operations, and hold individuals accountable, regardless of their status. These measures aim to ensure that public resources are used effectively for national development and to build trust between the government and its citizens and investors.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: A Kingdom’s Transformation

Vision 2030 is presented in the sources as a comprehensive and ambitious strategic plan launched by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. It is described as a roadmap for the Kingdom’s future development across various sectors.

Key Objectives and Principles of Vision 2030:

• Economic Diversification: A central goal is to reduce reliance on oil as the primary source of income and to develop diverse sources of revenue. This includes developing new sectors such as tourism, industry, technology, and renewable energy. The vision aims to create a knowledge-based economy.
• Improving Quality of Life: Vision 2030 seeks to enhance the quality of life for citizens and residents. This involves initiatives to improve healthcare, education, recreation, culture, sports, and urban development.
• Achieving Sustainable Development: The vision emphasizes sustainability in various aspects, including environmental protection and economic stability. Initiatives like the Saudi Green Initiative and the Middle East Green Initiative aim to combat desertification, plant billions of trees, and increase the contribution of renewable energy.
• Enhancing the Kingdom’s Global Standing: Vision 2030 aims to strengthen the Kingdom’s position as a global leader. This includes attracting foreign investment, becoming a global hub for logistics and trade, and playing a key role in international diplomacy and conflict resolution. The Kingdom also aims to be a leading destination for international conferences.
• Empowering Citizens: The vision focuses on empowering youth and women. It seeks to increase female participation in the workforce and provide opportunities for young Saudis in various fields.
• Strengthening National Identity and Values: While embracing modernization, Vision 2030 emphasizes the importance of preserving the Kingdom’s religious and cultural heritage. It highlights the Kingdom’s role in serving Islam and Muslims worldwide. The vision also promotes values of moderation, tolerance, and coexistence.
• Improving Governance and Efficiency: The plan includes efforts to enhance government performance, promote transparency and accountability, and combat corruption. The digital transformation is a key aspect of improving efficiency and delivering advanced services.

Key Initiatives and Projects under Vision 2030:

• NEOM: A futuristic city embodying innovation and sustainability.
• Al Qiddiya: A global entertainment, sports, and cultural destination.
• Red Sea Project: A luxury tourism destination focused on sustainability.
• Saudi Green Initiative and Middle East Green Initiative: Ambitious environmental programs focused on afforestation, reducing emissions, and increasing reliance on renewable energy.
• National Investment Strategy: Aims to increase the volume of domestic and foreign investment.
• Fintech Sector Development: Efforts to transform the Kingdom into a leading financial technology hub.
• Developing the Non-Profit Sector: Initiatives to empower and enhance the impact of charitable organizations.

Progress and Impact:

The sources indicate that Vision 2030 has already led to significant transformations and achievements across various sectors. These include:

• Economic growth and diversification, with an increase in non-oil GDP.
• Attraction of foreign investment and the establishment of regional headquarters for international companies.
• Advancements in digital transformation, ranking highly in digital competitiveness.
• Increased participation of women in the workforce.
• Development of the tourism sector and the launch of mega-tourism projects.
• Significant progress in the sports sector, including hosting major international events and increasing the value of the Saudi football league.
• Improvements in healthcare and education.
• Enhanced environmental awareness and the initiation of green projects.
• Increased trust in the government.

Leadership and Vision:

The sources consistently highlight the pivotal role of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in conceiving, launching, and driving the implementation of Vision 2030. His visionary leadership, determination, and continuous follow-up are credited with the progress achieved. The Crown Prince’s belief that “ambition knows no limit” and the “zeal has no end” is emphasized.

Overall Significance:

Vision 2030 is portrayed as more than just an economic plan; it is a national document that reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to a brighter and more prosperous future for its citizens and the world. It is a continuous journey of work that extends beyond 2030. The vision aims to transform the Kingdom into a global model of development and progress.

Mohammed bin Salman: Vision 2030 and Saudi Arabia’s Transformation

Based on the sources and our previous discussion, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is a central figure in the transformation and development of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He is consistently presented as the driving force behind Vision 2030, the ambitious strategic plan for the Kingdom’s future.

Key Aspects of the Crown Prince’s Role and Vision:

• Architect of Vision 2030: He is widely recognized as the initiator and the “real driving force” behind Vision 2030. The vision itself is described as his roadmap for transforming the Kingdom into a global model across various fields. His “bright thought and strong determination” are highlighted in the context of these reforms.
• Economic Transformation: The Crown Prince has led the Kingdom in an “exceptional transformation journey”, marked by significant leaps in various sectors. A primary focus is on diversifying the economy and reducing reliance on oil through the development of sectors like tourism, technology, and renewable energy. Initiatives such as NEOM, Al Qiddiya, and the Red Sea Project are flagship projects reflecting this vision for a more diverse and sustainable economy. The launch of companies like the Public Transport Company for the manufacturing of machinery and equipment also aligns with this industrial diversification. His leadership aims to create a competitive business environment and attract investments.
• Improving Quality of Life: The Crown Prince’s vision aims to improve the lives of citizens and residents by enhancing healthcare and education services, providing world-class entertainment and cultural options, and empowering youth through education and job creation. Projects focusing on urban beautification and improving the environment, such as those undertaken by the Al Muthnib Governorate Municipality, also contribute to this goal of enhancing the local scene and achieving quality of life.
• Promoting Moderation and Combating Extremism: The Crown Prince is credited with spearheading efforts to promote moderation, coexistence, and tolerance while combating extremism and terrorism. He has emphasized the need to fight extremism to build stability and achieve economic development in the region. Measures taken include issuing clear legislation to define terrorist acts and intensifying penalties, as well as purging pulpits and platforms of extremist elements. Initiatives like the King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID), established during his tenure as Crown Prince, demonstrate the Kingdom’s commitment to fostering dialogue and respecting diversity.
• Enhancing Global Standing and International Relations: The Crown Prince has actively worked to strengthen the Kingdom’s international relations through diplomatic visits and strategic partnerships with major global powers like the United States and China. He has also led efforts to combat terrorism in cooperation with other nations. The Kingdom, under his leadership, has played a pivotal role in regional and international issues, striving to resolve conflicts and promote peace. The Crown Prince’s efforts in mediating between Russia and Ukraine have been recognized internationally. His vision aims to position the Kingdom as an influential political and economic power on the global stage.
• Combating Corruption and Promoting Transparency: The Crown Prince has launched anti-corruption campaigns aimed at increasing transparency and accountability within the government. The government has taken serious measures to hold those involved in corruption accountable, sending a strong message to both the public and private sectors.
• Specific Initiatives: Beyond the mega-projects, the Crown Prince has overseen the launch of numerous initiatives across various sectors, including the development of the fintech sector, the Saudi Green Initiative for environmental sustainability, and programs to support the non-profit sector and address social issues. The establishment of the Mohammed bin Salman Foundation “Misk” to empower youth and the Non-Profit City in Riyadh “Misk City” are examples of his focus on human capital development and innovation.
• Leadership Style and Connection with Citizens: The sources suggest a leadership style characterized by closeness and direct interaction with citizens. This approach is seen as fostering national unity and trust between the leadership and the people.
• International Recognition: The Crown Prince’s efforts in promoting peace and development have garnered international attention and praise, with some even suggesting him as a potential candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize. His role in facilitating talks and de-escalating conflicts has been acknowledged by global leaders.

In conclusion, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is depicted as a transformational leader with a clear and ambitious vision for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. His leadership is characterized by a focus on economic diversification, improving the quality of life, promoting moderation, enhancing the Kingdom’s global role, and driving large-scale development projects, all under the umbrella of Vision 2030.

Saudi Arabia’s Economic Growth and Vision 2030

Based on the sources and our previous discussion, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed significant economic growth and is actively pursuing a path of sustainable and diversified economic development.

The Saudi economy recorded strong growth in the past year, with the non-oil GDP showing a notable increase of 3.5% in the third quarter. This growth was supported by higher oil prices and improved performance in non-oil sectors such as industry and technology. The Kingdom has successfully achieved a balance between traditional and modern sectors, contributing to the stability and resilience of the national economy in the face of global changes.

Vision 2030 is explicitly identified as the driving force behind this economic transformation and the pursuit of a thriving economy. A key objective of the vision is economic diversification and reducing reliance on oil by developing sectors like tourism, technology, and renewable energy.

The Kingdom has seen great success in attracting foreign direct investment in the past year, registering a 15% increase compared to the previous year. This improvement reflects the encouraging investment environment provided by the Kingdom through legal amendments and streamlined procedures to attract international investors, positioning the Kingdom as a promising destination. The National Investment Strategy focuses on increasing the volume and efficiency of both domestic and foreign investments, leveraging national strengths and prioritizing the private sector. The goal is to increase the contribution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to 35% by 2030.

Specific sectors are experiencing notable growth:

• The tourism sector has witnessed a remarkable surge, with a 73% increase in the number of international tourists and a 207% rise in international tourism revenues in the first seven months of the past year compared to the same period in 2019. The Kingdom aims to increase the tourism sector’s contribution to the GDP to 10% by 2030, representing around 600 to 700 billion riyals. Saudi Arabia achieved its highest number of inbound tourists at approximately 30 million in the past year, with a target of 70 million by 2030.
• The communications and technology market has reached a volume of 166 billion riyals, with a compound annual growth rate of 8% over the past six years. The Kingdom has also achieved the second rank among the G20 countries in the United Nations’ TII index for telecommunications infrastructure. The ICT market in the Kingdom is the largest and fastest-growing in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region.
• The fintech sector has experienced tremendous development in recent years, with investments exceeding one billion dollars. This growth is supported by specialized investment funds like the “Fintech Fund” and the Public Investment Fund. The sector encompasses a wide range of financial services, including payment systems and transfers.

The Public Investment Fund (PIF) is identified as the primary driver for achieving Vision 2030’s objectives. It has become one of the largest sovereign wealth funds globally in the field of non-oil investments. The PIF has established 79 local companies and created 500,000 direct and indirect jobs. Its strategic investments, including in Aramco, generate significant returns that are reinvested in domestic infrastructure and to support citizens.

The Kingdom’s unique strategic location connecting three continents and its wealth in natural resources are being leveraged to localize industries, logistics services, and the energy sector. The “Developing National Industries and Logistics Services” program aims to localize 70% of the oil and gas sector and 30% of the pharmaceutical industries.

The stable “+A” credit rating with a “stable” future outlook by Standard & Poor’s (S&P) reflects the strength of the Saudi economy and supports its development plans, attracting investments and reducing financing costs, thereby enhancing the achievement of Vision 2030’s targets. Furthermore, the Edelman Trust Barometer 2025 indicates that the Kingdom has the highest trust globally in the government sector at 87%, surpassing many developed nations. The Kingdom is also the most optimistic country globally about the future at 69%.

The Kingdom boasts the highest rate of global productivity growth despite its later entry into the G20. This strong economic performance is supported by a robust financial policy aligned with Vision 2030, ensuring transparency and sustainability. The preliminary forecasts for 2025 indicate a 4.6% real GDP growth, driven by an increase in non-oil activities.

The concept of sustainable development is a fundamental pillar for achieving the Kingdom’s future aspirations. Projects like NEOM are envisioned as global models for smart and sustainable cities relying entirely on renewable energy and advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and robotics. The Red Sea Project is another major initiative reflecting the vision for a leading sustainable tourism sector, adhering to environmental protection standards while contributing to economic diversification and job creation. The Saudi Green Initiative further underscores the Kingdom’s commitment to environmental sustainability by implementing numerous initiatives focused on mitigating climate change.

In conclusion, the sources portray a Kingdom actively engaged in robust economic growth, driven by the ambitious goals of Vision 2030 and the strategic leadership of the Crown Prince. The focus on diversification, attracting investment, developing key sectors, and promoting sustainability indicates a commitment to long-term economic prosperity and a reduced reliance on traditional oil revenues.

Saudi Arabia: A Central Actor in Global Affairs

Based on the sources and our conversation history, Saudi Arabia under the leadership of the Crown Prince actively engages in robust international relations across various fronts. The Kingdom is portrayed as a pivotal player in regional and international affairs, seeking to strengthen alliances, mediate conflicts, promote peace, and foster cooperation on global issues.

Key aspects of Saudi Arabia’s international relations highlighted in the sources:

• Strengthening Strategic Alliances: Saudi Arabia actively works to strengthen its relationships with major global powers such as the United States, China, and Russia. This involves diplomatic visits and establishing strategic partnerships aimed at attracting investments and fostering economic cooperation. The Kingdom’s cooperation with major powers is seen as enhancing its position as a supporter of economic and security stability in the world.
• Regional Leadership and Mediation: Saudi Arabia plays a central role in addressing regional issues. It has been actively involved in mediation efforts to resolve conflicts and promote stability in the Middle East and beyond. The Kingdom’s decision to remain neutral regarding the war in Ukraine, for instance, positioned it as a suitable venue for negotiations between various parties. The sources highlight the Crown Prince’s efforts in mediating prisoner exchanges between Russia and Ukraine and fostering dialogue to prevent further escalation of the conflict.
• Combating Terrorism and Extremism: The Kingdom is at the forefront of efforts to combat terrorism and extremist ideologies. It has announced numerous initiatives aimed at drying up the sources of intellectual and terrorist extremism and promoting tolerance among peoples. This includes the establishment of centers like the King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID). Saudi Arabia cooperates with other nations in the fight against terrorism.
• Promoting Coexistence and Interfaith Dialogue: Saudi Arabia emphasizes the importance of peaceful coexistence among peoples and highlights its significant role in serving Islam and Muslims worldwide. The Kingdom places a great responsibility on itself to uphold the teachings of Islam based on moderation and fights extremist ideas in religion. It actively works to promote a culture of respect for diversity and dialogue among followers of different religions and cultures.
• Support for the Palestinian Cause: Saudi Arabia strongly advocates for the rights of the Palestinian people and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. The Kingdom has condemned Israeli aggression and continues to urge the international community to recognize the State of Palestine. It has also launched international alliances to implement the two-state solution.
• Global Humanitarian Efforts: Saudi Arabia, under the guidance of the Crown Prince, provides significant humanitarian aid to numerous countries in need across different continents. The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre coordinates these efforts, assisting countries like Yemen, Syria, Palestine, Sudan, and Ukraine, among many others. These humanitarian policies reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to human dignity and alleviating suffering, regardless of religion, language, or ethnicity.
• International Environmental Initiatives: Saudi Arabia is actively involved in global efforts to combat climate change and promote environmental sustainability. Initiatives like the Saudi Green Initiative demonstrate the Kingdom’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions, increasing reliance on renewable energy, and planting trees. The Kingdom aims to be a leader in environmental sustainability at the regional and international levels.
• Hosting International Conferences and Forums: Riyadh has become an important global center for international conferences, including political and economic summits like the G20 summit. This reflects the Kingdom’s growing international prominence and its role in facilitating global dialogue and cooperation.
• Crown Prince as a Global Peacemaker: The Crown Prince is increasingly being seen as a key figure in global peace efforts. His endeavors to promote regional and international peace and security have garnered international recognition, with some viewing him as a leader capable of achieving lasting geopolitical stability.

In conclusion, the sources depict Saudi Arabia as an active and influential participant in international relations under the leadership of the Crown Prince. The Kingdom pursues a multifaceted foreign policy focused on strengthening alliances, resolving conflicts, promoting moderation and tolerance, championing key global causes, and playing a significant role in the international arena.

Saudi Arabia: The Digital Transformation Under Vision 2030

Based on the sources and our conversation history, digital transformation is a central pillar of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and is receiving significant attention and investment under the leadership of the Crown Prince. The Kingdom is making rapid strides in leveraging digital technologies to diversify its economy, enhance public services, and improve the overall quality of life.

Here are the key aspects of digital transformation in Saudi Arabia as highlighted in the sources:

• Government Focus and Vision 2030: The digital transformation is a key objective of Vision 2030, aiming to establish Saudi Arabia as a technologically advanced nation and a leading digital economy. This vision drives numerous initiatives and investments in the digital sector.
• Advancements in Digital Infrastructure: The Kingdom has made considerable progress in developing its digital infrastructure, achieving the second rank among the G20 countries in the United Nations’ TII index for telecommunications infrastructure [7, and our conversation history]. This robust infrastructure is a foundation for further digital advancements.
• Growth of the ICT Market: Saudi Arabia’s information and communication technology (ICT) market is the largest and fastest-growing in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region, reaching a substantial volume with a significant compound annual growth rate [7, and our conversation history]. This growth indicates a strong demand and potential for digital services.
• Flourishing Fintech Sector: The financial technology (Fintech) sector has witnessed tremendous development in recent years, attracting over one billion dollars in investments. This growth is supported by dedicated investment funds and encompasses various areas such as:
• Payment Systems and Transfers: Including the widespread adoption of electronic wallets like STC Pay, Apple Pay, and mada Pay, as well as innovative payment solutions for merchants.
• Digital Banking: With banks increasingly offering digital services, eliminating the need for branch visits, and utilizing AI-powered chatbots to assist customers.
• Digital Lending and E-lending: The emergence of direct lending platforms facilitates access to finance for SMEs, and AI is used for risk analysis and personalized loan offerings.
• E-investment and Trading: Financial applications enable easy investment, and crowdfunding is growing as a way to support small projects.
• Digital Insurance (Insurtech): Companies offer instant and digital insurance purchase and renewal online.
• Blockchain Technology: Being explored for secure and transparent financial transactions, smart contracts, and proof of ownership, with the potential for a Saudi digital currency.
• Emphasis on Emerging Technologies: The Kingdom is actively investing in modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies are seen as crucial for developing smart cities and enhancing various sectors.
• Digital Transformation Across Sectors: Digital transformation is impacting various sectors beyond finance:
• Government Services: The promotion of electronic services is a key aspect.
• Education and Health: These sectors have seen improvements through curriculum development, research advancement, and investment in health technologies.
• Cybersecurity and Data Protection: Recognizing the importance of a robust digital ecosystem, the Kingdom is focused on enhancing cybersecurity to protect customer data from breaches.
• Smart City Initiatives: Projects like NEOM are envisioned as smart and sustainable future cities that heavily rely on advanced digital technologies.
• National Recognition: Saudi Arabia is now recognized as a global model in digital transformation, holding a leading position in international digital competitiveness indices.
• Challenges in the Fintech Sector: Despite significant progress, the Fintech sector still faces challenges such as lengthy processes for obtaining licenses, trust and awareness among individuals, increasing competition, and the need for strong cybersecurity measures.
• Ongoing Development and Integration: Efforts are underway to further develop digital financial services for SMEs and to foster greater integration between traditional banks and Fintech companies to offer more advanced digital services.

In conclusion, Saudi Arabia is undergoing a comprehensive digital transformation driven by the goals of Vision 2030 and strong government support. The rapid advancements in digital infrastructure, the thriving Fintech sector, and the focus on emerging technologies are positioning the Kingdom as a significant player in the global digital economy.

A pledge renewed with great gains and eternal achievements

Today, Wednesday, Ramadan 26, 1446 AH, corresponding to March 26, 2025 AD, marks the eighth anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to the Crown Prince, His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – and the Kingdom is enjoying an era of goodness, growth, and giving in the land of peace and glory. Eight prosperous years have passed, replete with great development. The trust bestowed by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz – may God protect him – enabled the vision’s sponsor to set out with confidence and passion to build great glory and prosperity in development and the economy, transforming the Kingdom into a strategic economic, political, and military power at the regional and international levels, and implementing numerous reforms that shortened time and achieved numerous accomplishments within a short period. The personality of His Highness the Crown Prince emerged powerfully in the eyes of the world through his accomplishments and his diverse and innovative positions. This is not surprising when we realize that he was raised in the care of the man of wisdom and knowledge, King Salman bin Abdulaziz, from whom he derived leadership, determination, and far-sightedness in every matter. The anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to His Highness the Crown Prince comes in light of a large number of qualitative achievements accomplished by the Kingdom, in which the Crown Prince played a fundamental role, foremost among which is the launch of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, with its pioneering initiatives and qualitative projects, the fruits of which the Kingdom has begun to reap in terms of strengthening the capacity of the national economy and diversifying its resources. The Kingdom is witnessing significant development in various areas, full of achievements on various educational, cultural, social, health, and economic levels. These years have witnessed qualitative transformations that have confirmed that His Highness the Crown Prince won the bet when he relied on the people of this nation to achieve the goals of his comprehensive vision, which has brought great good to the Kingdom’s sky in the darkest circumstances that the countries of the world are experiencing. Vision 2030 was not just a multi-faceted economic proposal, but rather an official national document in which His Highness the Crown Prince pledged to achieve progress for the nation. Upon launching the vision on April 25, 2016, His Highness said: “We pledge to you that we will be among the best countries in the world in effective government performance to serve citizens. Together, we will complete the building of our country so that it will be as we all hope for it: prosperous and strong, built on the shoulders of its sons and daughters, and benefiting from its capabilities, without being dependent on the value of a commodity or the movement of foreign markets.” The Kingdom is witnessing significant development in various areas, full of achievements on various educational, cultural, social, health, and economic levels. These years have witnessed qualitative transformations that have confirmed that His Highness the Crown Prince won the bet when he relied on the sons of this nation to achieve the goals of his comprehensive vision, which has brought great good to the Kingdom’s sky in the darkest circumstances that the countries of the world are experiencing, from wars and epidemics. After the pledge of allegiance to His Highness the Crown Prince, the development process began to unfold in the Kingdom, with the drawing up of a roadmap for economic transformation in Vision 2030 and the National Transformation Program 2020, led by the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, chaired by His Highness. This has contributed to the Kingdom maintaining its advanced position among nations and competing with major powers in many economic, scientific, and cultural fields. The Kingdom has become a destination for senior leaders, politicians, businessmen, economists, and cultural and artistic giants. The Kingdom has prepared an infrastructure to become one of the largest economic, cultural, and tourism centers in the world, with giant projects transforming it from dependence on oil to diversifying sources of income, and opening up broad horizons of… Work and employment for the citizens of the country

Our country, thanks be to God, has taken steps that cannot be described, but they are extraordinary by the standards of time and place. No other country in the world could have achieved the change that has taken place in our country, with all this brilliant achievement that was not limited to construction and development and huge projects, despite their importance. Rather, it was the people of this country who changed to levels that they had never expected to reach under any circumstances. This would not have happened had God Almighty not granted us our wise leadership, with the wisdom of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the ambitious vision of His Highness the Crown Prince, who the Saudi people in all cities, villages and regions of the Kingdom are celebrating the eighth anniversary of His Highness’s assumption of the position of Crown Prince of our dear Kingdom and the launch of Vision 2030, which is A platform for launching our national project, the fruits of which we have begun to reap even before the scheduled date for achieving its declared goals. The ambition of His Highness the Crown Prince is limitless and his passion is beyond imagination. His Highness announced that achieving the goals of Vision 2030 will not be the end of the ambition, but rather the continuation of tireless, uninterrupted work until our country becomes the focus of the world’s attention even more than it is now. The world knows that Vision 2030 and the impressive results it has achieved are only the beginning, and the coming days will bring the miraculous achievement that will, God willing and by His power, be the talk of the world. Our country possesses many economic and investment assets other than oil, and it has religious constants. The cultural, heritage, and societal origins have made it a permanent destination for people from around the world. All of this and more was achieved thanks to God Almighty, then thanks to our leadership, may God protect and guide its steps, and thanks to the unique vision of His Highness the Crown Prince, who taught us that ambition has no limits, that passion has no end, and that loving one’s country and working for its elevation and eminence is a duty that can only be carried out in the most perfect manner.

Eight years of transformation and renewed ambition

History remains a witness to the pivotal moments that change the course of nations, and great leaders of every decade acquire the ability to make decisive decisions. Here we see the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – as a unique and wise leader who led the country to achieve accomplishments everywhere. One of his most important decisions was the selection of an exceptional figure who would shoulder the aspirations and dreams of the Saudi people. He is His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince and Prime Minister – may God support him – who has become a model of an inspiring leader who possesses the vision to fulfill the hopes of future generations and contribute to shaping the future. He carries the leadership genes of great leaders who led the Kingdom in successive eras. Prince Mohammed bin Salman was not just a political leader, but a true architect of the renaissance, creative in realizing Vision 2030, which brought major transformations to the Kingdom at all levels. Through this insightful vision, he opened new horizons for the Kingdom, placing it at the forefront of countries embarking on the path of progress and sustainable growth, with an ambitious vision that outlined the future, transforming the Kingdom into a leading regional power and enhancing its international presence. From building future cities to investing in renewable energy, from promoting environmental sustainability to strengthening global partnerships, the foundations of the modern Kingdom have been laid, especially with the announcement of the Kingdom hosting Expo 2030 and the 2034 World Cup. It has become clear that the Kingdom will never stop keeping pace with the future and achieving dreams. His smile has encompassed all aspects of life, starting with building smart cities, investing in clean energy, and preserving the environment, all the way to highlighting the Kingdom in all international forums. We find that the Kingdom has placed itself firmly on the world map, thanks to Vision 2030, which was and remains a legend of the modern era, implemented by an inspiring and unique leader who never gets tired of his dreams. Celebrating the eighth anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to His Royal Highness the Crown Prince is a celebration of the journey of national ambition, a redefinition of the Kingdom’s position on the international stage, and a reminder of the profound allegiance renewed with each passing year. It also reaffirms the deep-rooted loyalty and devotion to a leader who pledges a bright future for his country and his people, and indeed for the region as a whole. On the eighth anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince and Prime Minister – may God support him – a scene of the ambitious vision that transformed the Kingdom’s features and placed it on the map of progress and the future in a changing world is embodied. Since assuming the position of Crown Prince, the young prince has become a symbol of wise and brilliant leadership that moves every wheel toward transformation and innovation, instilling in the nation a new spirit of pride and inspiration, and renewing hope for a prosperous future, not only for the Kingdom but for the entire world.

Vision 2030 knows no impossible.
Vision 2030, launched by Prince Mohammed bin Salman, was not just an ambitious plan. Rather, it was a unique roadmap that charted the path for the Kingdom’s development in all political, economic, and social fields. With his creativity and wise leadership, he was able to translate this vision into reality. His most notable achievements were the launch of mega-projects such as NEOM, the futuristic city that is shaping the future of the world, as well as Qiddiya, a city that represents a model for entertainment and innovation. The vision was not limited to building cities only, but also included developing a national economy based on diversity, as the prince is working to reduce dependence on oil, and expand sectors such as technology, renewable energy, tourism, and entertainment, in addition to localizing qualitative industries in all fields, attracting global investments, and even making the capital, Riyadh, the regional headquarters for more than 200 giant companies. An influential leader and strategic planner, Prince Mohammed bin Salman has become a symbol of strategic intellect and thought that looks far ahead. He has played a pivotal role in strengthening the Kingdom’s position in international politics through his prominent role in regional and international issues. He has ensured that the Kingdom is at the forefront of influential positions on major world issues, such as the Yemeni crisis, the Lebanese crisis, and the Russian-Ukrainian crisis. He has also played a pivotal role in establishing the foundations of global peace, and the Middle East in particular. On the economic front, it has become a leader of the economic revolution in the Kingdom. Through the “National Energy Program” and “Sustainable Investment,” it seeks to make the Kingdom a global center for renewable energy, represented by solar energy and hydrogen energy projects, such as “green hydrogen,” which is considered one of the most promising environmental projects in the world. Through these projects, the Kingdom contributes to creating sustainable environmental solutions and once again proves its ability to be a pioneer in confronting global challenges.

Humanity and Social Change
Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s humanitarian side was and remains one of the most prominent features of his leadership personality. Through his commitment to empowering Saudi women and providing them with opportunities in work and politics, as well as developing education and society, he has become an inspiring leader for the young generation of Saudis, who now see him as a model of excellence and ambition. His Highness launched initiatives in this regard, such as the “National Empowerment Program,” which has facilitated women’s participation in economic and social life in an unprecedented manner. He worked to draw attention to the importance of education and training, and established an educational and vocational system that prepares a generation of Saudi youth to become at the heart of global development. Therefore, we find that the Kingdom, under his leadership, has become a destination for young people looking to the future, continuing to strive to achieve the ambitions sown by Vision 2030. Preserving the Planet: One of Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s most important concerns is the environment. He was one of the first leaders to realize the importance of environmental change for the human future. The Kingdom was keen to make its role pivotal in preserving the Earth’s environment, investing in renewable and clean energy projects to reduce harmful emissions and protect the planet. The “Green Saudi Arabia” and “Middle East” projects are considered… “Green” is one of the initiatives that embody His Highness’s interest in creating a sustainable future. The launch of “Green Hydrogen” embodies his ability to combine modern technology with environmental protection. The Kingdom’s International Image: His Highness’s role was not limited to the domestic arena, but rather brought about a transformation in the Kingdom’s international image. He demonstrated an exceptional ability to leverage the Kingdom’s soft power, making it a pivotal player in resolving many international crises, whether in the fields of politics or the economy. The significant role played by the Prince in strengthening the Kingdom’s diplomatic relations cannot be denied. The Kingdom has assumed an influential position at the regional and international levels, believing that a policy of dialogue and understanding is the path towards building a more stable world.

Pledge Day: Loyalty and Commitment
Celebrating the anniversary of the pledge of allegiance is not limited to ceremonies alone. Rather, it is a day of renewal and loyalty, where the Saudi people express their deep belonging to their country and leadership. It is a moment to renew the pledge of allegiance and covenant with a leader who inspires hope and confidently moves toward the future. On this day, citizens express their pride and appreciation for the achievements made under His Highness’s leadership, affirming their support for the leadership on the path of change and development. The pledge of allegiance is not just a word, but a sincere expression of deep confidence in the leadership’s ability to achieve ambitious visions and reach the global goals it seeks to achieve. His Highness’s vision for the future outlines the Kingdom’s features in the coming years, as the Kingdom prepares to host two important global events: Expo 2030 in Riyadh and the 2034 World Cup. These two events will enhance the Kingdom’s position on the global stage, as the Kingdom will be at the center of the world’s attention, because organizing such events reflects the Kingdom’s economic strength and its transformation into a global cultural and commercial destination. A Leader for the Future with a Global Vision
On the eighth anniversary of the pledge of allegiance, we can only emphasize that His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince and Prime Minister – may God support him – is an exceptional leader, not only because he works to strengthen the economy and politics, but also because he is a leader with a far-reaching vision and a desire to shape the future in an unconventional way. In less than a decade, he has become a pivotal force in the Kingdom and the world, and with him a new sun rises for the Kingdom, a bright sun that carries within it great ambitions and a hope for a better tomorrow.

Today, as every day, all Saudis feel great gratitude on the occasion of the eighth anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince – may God protect him. This is a valuable opportunity to express our appreciation for the profound transformations the Kingdom has witnessed under his leadership, especially in areas of foreign policy, which have been one of his most prominent concerns. Since Prince Mohammed bin Salman assumed the position of Crown Prince, Saudi foreign policy has witnessed radical changes, manifested in the adoption of a more dynamic and ambitious approach. Under his leadership, the Kingdom has sought to strengthen its international standing and deepen its relations with major countries, as well as developing its strategic alliances with friendly countries. These transformations were not limited to bilateral relations alone, but also to the Kingdom’s active role in many regional and international issues. This transformation was clearly embodied in the Kingdom’s policy toward the Arab region and the Islamic world. The Kingdom has demonstrated strong and effective leadership in confronting the security and political challenges facing the region, such as the conflict in Yemen and tensions with Iran. Saudi diplomacy, under the leadership of the Crown Prince, has been adept at resolving many conflicts and seeking peaceful solutions that ensure the stability and security of the region.

Saudi diplomacy: settling disputes peacefully

Riyadh – Jana Al-Anzi

Foreign policy achievements were not limited to the region alone, but extended beyond it to include cooperation strategies with major powers such as the United States, Russia, and China, which strengthened the Kingdom’s position as a major supporter of economic and security stability in the world. Riyadh also succeeded in diversifying its economic partnerships by activating cooperation with Asian and African countries, which added new depth to Saudi policy. In addition, the Crown Prince played a crucial role in transforming the Kingdom into a global destination for international conferences. Riyadh has become an important center for economic and political conferences, such as the G20 Summit, reflecting the Kingdom’s evolving role on the global stage. The profound impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on foreign policy cannot be overlooked. This vision has contributed to restructuring many economic and political relations, and achieving a shift in the Kingdom’s strategy in line with future ambitions aimed at building a strong and diversified economy. The Kingdom has succeeded in attracting huge investments from around the world, reflecting international confidence in the Saudi leadership.
Diplomatic Influences and Political Issues After the Pledge of Allegiance to the Crown Prince
Since the pledge of allegiance to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in 2017, Saudi foreign policy has entered a new phase of major transformations, with the Kingdom assuming a pivotal role in various regional and international issues.
Under the leadership of Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the Kingdom has worked to strengthen its relations with major powers, both in the West and the East, gaining it increasing influence on the global stage. Saudi Arabia’s primary goal through this policy was to enhance its global standing and expand its circle of strategic alliances. This was largely achieved through strengthening cooperation with the United States in the areas of security and defense, while simultaneously seeking to open diplomatic channels with countries such as Russia and China, giving the Kingdom the ability to balance among the major global powers. However, Saudi policy was not limited to bilateral relations alone, but extended to complex regional issues that defined the Kingdom’s political orientations. The Yemen war was one of the most prominent challenges facing the Kingdom in recent years. By leading the Arab coalition, the Kingdom sought to support the legitimate Yemeni government in confronting the Iranian-backed Houthis. However, this war was not without costs, as it affected the Kingdom’s domestic and foreign policy and raised questions about its humanitarian and political repercussions. At the same time, tensions with Iran were increasing, especially after attacks on the Kingdom’s oil facilities. However, the Kingdom, under the leadership of the Crown Prince, adopted a policy of caution and appeasement with Tehran, attempting to maintain regional stability while simultaneously seeking to improve its borders and protect its interests. In the Islamic diplomatic arena, the Kingdom maintained its position as a leader of the Islamic world. It continued to provide political and humanitarian support to Islamic countries, while strengthening its relationship with international organizations concerned with the Islamic world. Under the leadership of Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the Kingdom has sought to address some important domestic issues, such as strengthening the economic and social rights of Saudi women, which has positioned Saudi Arabia as a more modern nation on the global stage. Despite what some see as challenges in this area, the Kingdom has been able to witness a qualitative shift in the development of the national economy through “Saudi Vision 2030,” which aims to reduce dependence on oil and achieve economic diversification through mega-projects such as NEOM, which reflects a new vision for the Saudi future.

On the security front, Saudi foreign policy has been characterized by continuous interaction with the security challenges facing the region. The Kingdom has played a prominent role in combating terrorism and has played a pivotal role in military alliances to combat extremist organizations. Saudi Arabia has also sought to further strengthen its military strength within a defensive framework that ensures regional stability and secures its interests. There is no doubt that Saudi foreign policy under Prince Mohammed bin Salman represents a radical shift that reflects the Kingdom’s great ambitions on the international stage. In addition to achieving its political and strategic goals, the Kingdom seeks to be an influential force in the fields of economy, security, and humanity, reflecting the new directions of its leadership in achieving development and progress in a changing world. Ayman Al-Saqir, a banker at the Embassy of Uruguay, explained how Saudi Vision 2030 has contributed to transforming the Saudi economy from dependence on oil to a free market economy. He said, “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s transition from a quarterly or annual economy to a market economy comes within the framework of a strategic vision aimed at enhancing the development of major projects such as NEOM, the New Square, and Al-Ula, which serves the Kingdom in diversifying sources of national income. This step represents an essential part of the transformation sought by Prince Mohammed bin Salman, as he seeks to move the Kingdom from its dependence on the traditional oil economy to a commercial economy linked to the free market. In this context, the idea of ​​establishing a global free market under the Public Investment Fund was adopted, a step that was recently announced, which enhances the Kingdom’s role as a center Global economic. Saudi Vision 2030 also focuses heavily on developing the tourism sector and relying on it as a major source of income, thus reducing dependence on oil and avoiding the impact of fluctuations in global oil prices.

The ambassador continued, speaking about the most prominent foreign policy issues, saying, “US-Saudi relations witnessed differences between the terms of Democratic presidents such as Obama and Biden and the Trump era. During the Obama-Biden era, US policy was characterized by a focus on human rights and political issues, while restricting some aspects of military and economic cooperation. During the Trump era, relations developed significantly, as he had a close relationship with Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and military and economic cooperation was at the forefront of the priorities of this relationship, resulting in the signing of military and investment agreements worth $200 billion. In the same context, the Kingdom strengthened its relations with Russia.” “The Kingdom has developed its military and economic capabilities in line with its regional and international standing and power, as major investments have been made in various fields, including oil, energy, and technology. Furthermore, the Kingdom has witnessed huge investments from global companies and investment funds, exceeding one trillion dollars in value, reflecting the Kingdom’s strategic importance in the regional and international arenas.” Saudi Foreign Policy and the Goals of Vision 2030
Under the auspices of Vision 2030, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia seeks to redefine its international standing through a multi-dimensional diplomatic strategy aimed at engaging unconventionally with the challenges of the era, thus changing the rules of the foreign policy game.
The Kingdom is transcending traditional frameworks to become an engine of geopolitical transformation in the Middle East and beyond. Saudi Arabia’s policy is based on the concept of sustainable economic sovereignty, moving beyond the idea of ​​unilateral influence to build strategic partnerships that push toward technological and economic integration with major and emerging global powers. This makes innovation one of the pillars of foreign policy. The Kingdom seeks to become a global center for future technology, capitalizing on its investments in artificial intelligence and renewable energy, including new sectors such as space and smart cities.

Fahd Al-Tuwairiqi, in his Houston attaché, reported on the contribution of foreign policy to achieving the goals of Vision 2030. He said, “Under Vision 2030, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia played a pivotal role in attracting the best international companies, as they opened regional headquarters in the Kingdom to serve as a regional headquarters in the Middle East. The Kingdom also aimed to attract investors from countries such as China, Korea, the United States, and Japan, in order to strengthen economic relations and diversify investment sources. In addition, an investment bank was established in cooperation with Japan is the largest reserve bank supporting the Saudi sovereign fund, which enhances the Kingdom’s ability to attract investments and support its major projects. He then continued and said about the future of Saudi relations with major powers such as the United States and China that Chinese relations with Saudi Arabia have become very noticeable recently, as there are currently more than 24 Chinese companies operating in the country. In the Kingdom. Regarding the United States of America, an agreement was reached on investment projects worth $500 billion, with significant support in the military and investment sectors. As for relations with Russia, they are characterized by mutual exchange within OPEC, as Russian President Putin stated: “We are with Saudi Arabia regarding oil, and our decision depends on their decision. We trust the King of the Kingdom and the Crown Prince regarding OPEC.” Regional Changes and the Kingdom’s Strategies in the Middle East The Middle East has witnessed major changes, prompting Saudi Arabia to develop new strategies to enhance its regional and international standing. The Kingdom is focusing on strategic independence and building flexible partnerships with countries such as the UAE, Egypt, and Turkey, while strengthening its role as a mediator in regional crises such as Yemen and its relations with Iran. In the energy sector, it is moving toward renewable projects such as Solar energy and hydrogen are the greenest ways to reduce dependence on oil. Through these strategies, Saudi Arabia seeks to enhance cooperation and influence in the Middle East and build a sustainable regional order.

Nizar Al-Aoun, Minister of Foreign Affairs, stated, “Five years ago, the regional situation was unstable, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was facing targeting by some countries. Relations between it and Qatar, Turkey, and Iran were tense, which led to the closure of embassies and diplomatic missions in those countries and the absence of an exchange of interests. Today, in the year 2025, thanks to God, the Kingdom has restored its relations with these countries, as there are Saudi embassies and diplomatic missions in those countries. Relations have become stronger than before, thanks to the wise leadership of the King and the Crown Prince, who succeeded in adjusting policies in a manner that is consistent with the Kingdom’s regional situation. Regarding the role that can be played by Saudi Arabia
Since its founding, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has played a pivotal role in the energy sector. It is one of the six OPEC member states and is the main source of energy in the oil market. It is no secret that Saudi Arabia possesses vast gas reserves, ranking third in the world in this field. Despite this, the Kingdom has not been pleased with gas-dependent countries such as Russia and Qatar; on the contrary, it has supported them. Qatar supplies gas to many countries, while Russia supplies European countries. In this context, Saudi Arabia has played an important role in regulating gas prices in a manner consistent with the interests of other countries. On the other hand, four years ago, there were only six international companies operating in the Kingdom. Today, thank God, the number has reached more than 450 international companies with regional offices in the Kingdom, according to a statement by the Minister of Investment, Eng. Khalid Al-Falih. The Kingdom’s Commitment to Its Independent Foreign Policy and Future Challenges The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia continues to adhere to an independent foreign policy, seeking to secure its national interests and direct its international relations in line with its long-term strategies. The Kingdom focuses on building a network of strong alliances and strengthening its pivotal role in resolving regional and international issues, while maintaining its balanced position among major powers. Falah Al-Enezi, Director of Projects at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, explained that the pledge reflects Saudi Arabia’s commitment to its independent and balanced foreign policy by adopting positions that enhance its national sovereignty and international cooperation in accordance with its strategic interests, while achieving a balance between regional and international relations to ensure stability and development. In conclusion, appreciation is a sophisticated artistic means of expressing appreciation and admiration. In this context, I am pleased to offer a poem expressing our deep appreciation for the Crown Prince and the great achievements the Kingdom has made under his wise leadership. In conclusion, the eighth anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to the Crown Prince, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, highlights how our wise leader has been able to strengthen the Kingdom’s position on the international stage and lead it into the future with confidence and clarity. It is an occasion to celebrate these profound transformations that have made the Kingdom’s foreign policy a driving force for peace and prosperity in the world.

O source of hope and horizon of the sky
A call

Mohammed bin Salman, to glory
Your steps drew a path in the evening
And your playing is the eagle’s tune in the open sky
In your eyes shine the hopes of the homeland
And in your hands the dreams follow the laws
With you the Kingdom paves the path of time
Flying above the winds without a shroud
I believe that the dream does not stop
And that hope does not die or go out
In your heart beats the dawn and expectation
And in your footsteps dwell elevation and excellence
Your lines in The sky will not be erased, and your bridge to the future will not collapse. O descendant of glory, the head of injustice. In your hands is light, in your heart is peace. Your courage is ambition, and your determination is fuel. You build glory from every friendly meadow. We have in you an inexhaustible pride. You are the dream of the homeland and its glorious reality.

News – Ibrahim Al-Shaiban

The Kingdom’s Credit Rating
Standard & Poor’s (S&P) raised the Kingdom’s credit rating to “A+” with a “stable” outlook. This has numerous positive impacts on the Saudi economy, including enhancing investor confidence, lowering the cost of borrowing, attracting more foreign investment, supporting the stability of the Saudi riyal, enhancing the growth of the national economy, and improving the global reputation of the Saudi economy.
Raising the Kingdom’s credit rating to “A+” reflects the strength of the economy and supports its development plans. It attracts investments and reduces financing costs, which enhances the achievement of the goals of Vision 2030.
Edelman Report
The Edelman Trust Report 2025 confirmed that the Kingdom has the highest trust globally, with a rate of 87% in the government sector, outperforming many developed countries. The annual report, which is considered one of the most prominent global studies on trust, measures the extent of public confidence in government and indicated a continuous rise in trust levels, indicating that trust in the Kingdom has maintained its high levels. The Kingdom is the most optimistic country in the world about the future, with a rate of 69% compared to other countries worldwide.
In addition, it continues to lead globally, and the Kingdom has outperformed many major countries in Indicators, such as the United States (47%), Germany (41%), and the United Kingdom (43%). The report revealed that the Kingdom’s government enjoys a trust rate of 87%, making it the most trusted government in the world, starting from strengthening non-oil sectors and creating new job opportunities, to attracting foreign investment and diversifying sources of income. Sustainable Economic Growth
The Saudi economy recorded strong growth last year, with the gross domestic product (GDP) increasing by a remarkable 3.5% in the third quarter of the year. This growth was supported by rising oil prices and improved performance in non-oil sectors, such as industry and technology. The Kingdom was able to achieve a balance between traditional and modern sectors, which contributed to the stability of the national economy and enhanced its ability to adapt to global changes. The Kingdom witnessed significant success in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) last year, recording a 15% increase compared to the previous year. This improvement reflects the Kingdom’s encouraging investment environment, achieved through amendments to laws and facilitating procedures to attract international investors. The Kingdom has become an attractive investment destination in various economic sectors. Digital Transformation and Renewable Energy The Kingdom continued to promote digital transformation, launching numerous innovative projects in areas such as artificial intelligence, e-commerce, and digital financial services. This transformation has helped strengthen the technology sector, which has become an essential part of the national economy and has contributed to creating new job opportunities and expanding the digital economy in the Kingdom. Meanwhile, the renewable energy sector in the Kingdom has witnessed remarkable development, with the launch of several new solar and wind energy projects. The Kingdom continues its significant investments in clean energy projects with the aim of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and increasing the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix, in line with its environmental and sustainability goals. Major Projects and Tourism
The Kingdom has launched several major infrastructure projects, including the development of NEOM and tourism projects on the Red Sea. These projects are considered major drivers of economic growth in the Kingdom, contributing to the creation of massive job opportunities and enhancing the Kingdom’s position as a global economic center. The tourism sector has witnessed a significant leap, with the number of international visitors increasing significantly thanks to facilitative policies that include the issuance of tourist visas and the development of major tourism projects such as the Red Sea Project and Qiddiya City. This growth has contributed significantly to increasing the Kingdom’s non-oil revenues, as Reflects the major transformation in the national economy

The Kingdom continued to lead the G20 countries in indicators of the growth rate of the number of international tourists and the growth rate of international tourism revenues, according to the latest available data for the first seven months of last year 2024 AD, compared to the same period in 2019 AD. The Kingdom achieved a 73% increase in the number of international tourists, while international tourism revenues recorded a 207% increase, according to the Barometer report issued by the United Nations Tourism Organization in September 2024 AD. Various tourist destinations in the Kingdom have witnessed a significant increase in the number of international tourists this year. Ahmed Al-Khateeb, Minister of Tourism, had previously revealed that the Kingdom received 60 million tourists in the first half of last year, spending approximately 150 billion riyals, a growth rate of 10% compared to the same period last year. He said: “We are proceeding steadily to achieve the target of raising the tourism sector’s contribution to the GDP to 10% by 2030, which represents approximately 600 to 700 billion riyals.” Al-Khatib revealed that Saudi Arabia achieved the highest number of tourists coming from abroad, with about 30 million tourists last year, and the target is to reach 70 million tourists by 2030. Sports Sector: The Kingdom has invested heavily in the sports sector, hosting many international sporting events such as football and boxing championships. Projects have also been launched to develop sports facilities and stimulate youth sports, which has contributed to enhancing the Kingdom’s global image and creating new economic opportunities. Perhaps the most prominent event in sports was FIFA’s official announcement of the Kingdom’s victory in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Saudi Arabia will host the 2034 World Cup after its bid received the highest rating in the history of the global event, and unprecedented historic support from more than 140 countries. This reflects the international community’s confidence in the Kingdom’s full support for hosting the World Cup. It is certain that the Kingdom will present the best edition in the history of the World Cup in 2034, and the largest edition ever to be organized in a single country. The Kingdom will also be the only country to host the tournament alone in its new format. Most importantly, the Saudis continue to dream, achieve, and write a new history of national accomplishments. They will continue working over the next decade to create an exceptional global event, when the Kingdom welcomes the world. We have achieved the goals of Vision 2030, and many of the features of the new Saudi Arabia have become clear, which the world will witness not only in sports, but also in heritage and civilization, history and culture, tourism and entertainment, and other areas of sustainable development. The Kingdom’s Role in the Global Economy
The Kingdom continued to strengthen its leading role on the international economic stage through its active participation in OPEC+ and global oil agreements. The Kingdom succeeded in ensuring the stability of global markets. The Kingdom also signed numerous trade and investment agreements with major countries, strengthening its position as a major supporter of economic stability in the region and the world.
Saudi Economic Highlights
His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince, Prime Minister, and Chairman of the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, announced the launch of the Machinery Company, which operates in the semiconductor industry and aims to make the Kingdom a global center for electronics.

Launch of the New Space Group
The Public Investment Fund (PIF) launched the New Space Group (NSG). The Public Investment Fund (PIF) announced the establishment of the New Space Group (NSG), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Fund, to be a leading national company in the space and satellite services sector.
It will work to stimulate satellite and space services in the Kingdom and develop capabilities that will contribute to strengthening the sector’s position. Locally, in this growing global field, the Public Investment Fund is the most valuable brand. The Public Investment Fund (PIF), the sovereign wealth fund, topped the list of global brands with more than $1 billion, ranking first globally as the owner of the highest brand value, with $1.1 billion, compared to global sovereign wealth funds. BlackRock was ranked as the most valuable asset management brand in the world, according to a study by the global Brand Finance organization. The Brand Finance study included more than 4,400 companies, media outlets, and specialized audiences in major global markets. It also included qualitative interviews with executives in the sector. The fund is close to its target of assets under management reaching 4 trillion riyals by the end of 2025, noting that the baseline for these figures was 1.5 trillion riyals recorded in 2020.
Establishment of the National Minerals Program
The Council of Ministers, chaired by Crown Prince and Prime Minister Prince Mohammed bin Salman, approved the establishment of a National Minerals Program linked to the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources.
The program will be a powerful and supportive tool for enhancing the quality of The adequacy of mineral supply chains, ensuring the continuity of their supply to local industries and major projects, developing the Kingdom’s infrastructure, and achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, plays an effective role in driving growth paths in the minerals sector and exploiting the Kingdom’s mineral wealth. Generative Artificial Intelligence Center
The Saudi Digital Cooperation Organization announced the launch of the International Center of Excellence for Generative Artificial Intelligence, led by the Kingdom. This is in line with the aspirations of Vision 2030 and its leadership position, as a global force in the field of innovation and advanced technologies, and a supporter of the organization’s efforts. The center aims to enhance the full potential of member states and support their global competitiveness by developing talent and resources to contribute to the adoption of generative artificial intelligence solutions and stimulate the growth of the digital economy. The center, announced during the third edition of the Global Artificial Intelligence Summit in Riyadh this year, 2024, reinforces the Kingdom’s role as a pivotal center in the field of generative artificial intelligence, providing a supportive environment for economic growth and innovation at the regional and global levels.

The Kingdom’s Communications and Technology Market
The Communications and Space Technology Commission revealed that the size of the communications and technology market will reach 166 billion riyals in 2023, with a compound annual growth rate of 8% over the past six years, during the tenth edition of the Communications and Technology Indicators Forum for 2024.

Digital Infrastructure in the Kingdom
It was announced in September 2024 that the Kingdom achieved second place among G20 countries in the United Nations Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), which assesses the development of digital infrastructure in countries and is a key component of the e-Government Development Index (EGDI).
The Communications and Space Technology Commission explained that the importance of the index is evident in the pivotal role digital infrastructure plays in measuring the growth and progress of e-government, economic development by attracting investment and stimulating innovation, and social development by improving education and health. The Commission indicated that the Kingdom’s continued progress in this indicator confirms the strength of the Kingdom’s digital infrastructure and its contributions to enhancing the growth and development of the digital economy and attracting investments. The Kingdom’s communications and technology market is the largest and fastest-growing in the Middle East and North Africa region, with mobile telecommunications subscription penetration reaching 198% of the population, and the monthly per capita data consumption rate in the Kingdom exceeding the global average by three times. National Strategy for the Sustainability of the Red Sea
Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince, Prime Minister, and Chairman of the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, launched the National Strategy for the Sustainability of the Red Sea, which aims to protect the Red Sea ecosystem, enhance cooperation frameworks for its sustainability, empower society, and support the transition to a sustainable blue economy. This strategy achieves economic diversification and is in line with the objectives of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 and the previously launched national priorities for the research, development, and innovation sector, most notably environmental sustainability and basic needs. The Crown Prince said: “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia continues to unleash its economic, geographical, and cultural potential, and its pioneering efforts in the fields of sustainability and environmental conservation. Through this strategy, the Kingdom strengthens the position of the blue economy as a fundamental pillar of its economy. The Kingdom aspires for the Red Sea region to become a reference for best practices in the blue economy, and for the Kingdom to become a global leader in the field of research, development, and innovation in the blue economy. The Kingdom also affirms its commitment to a sustainable future for the Red Sea, and we look forward to everyone’s cooperation to protect our coasts on the Red Sea, nature, and the communities that depend on it.” The Red Sea is one of the Kingdom’s most distinctive and biologically diverse regions. It is a natural area with an area of ​​​​186,000 square kilometers, a coastline of 1,800 kilometers, the fourth largest coral reef system in the world, home to 6.2% of the world’s coral reefs, and an archipelago containing hundreds of islands. Acquisition of a 15% stake in Heathrow Airport
The Public Investment Fund announced the completion of the acquisition of a stake of approximately 15% in FGP Topco, the holding company for Heathrow Airport (Heathrow Airport Holdings Limited), from Ferrovial SA, as well as from other Topco shareholders. Heathrow Airport is the largest British airport and the third busiest airport in the world in terms of passenger traffic. Turki Al Nowaiser, Deputy Governor and Director of the General Department of International Investments at the Public Investment Fund, explained that the investment in Heathrow Airport is one of the important assets in the United Kingdom, as it is a world-class airport. The Public Investment Fund’s investment in Heathrow Airport is in line with its strategy to empower important sectors and companies through long-term partnerships within the Fund’s portfolio of international investments.

Riyadh Metro Operation
The Royal Commission for Riyadh City announced the operation of the six Riyadh Metro routes consecutively, starting Sunday, Jumada al-Awwal 29, 1446 AH (December 1, 2024 AD). The King Abdulaziz Public Transport Project in Riyadh is one of the ambitious plans developed by the Royal Commission for Riyadh City to provide integrated public transport solutions in the capital and provide the city’s residents and visitors with appropriate public transport services that meet their current and future needs. The project aims to build and operate a fast public transport network in accordance with the latest global technologies, providing residents with economical transportation options that contribute to reducing the excessive use of private vehicles, strengthening the local economy, and preserving the environment. It will also facilitate traffic flow and connect various parts of the city. The Riyadh Metro will contribute to facilitating traffic flow and connecting the various regions. The capital’s various transportation hubs include 6 train lines, 85 train stations, 80 bus lines, 2,860 bus stations, and 842 buses. Train and bus transportation services are integrated into a giant network with a capacity estimated at 1.7 million passengers per day during the initial operational phase. The project costs $22.5 billion. Standard Incentives
The Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources and the Ministry of Investment announced the allocation of 10 billion riyals to activate the standard incentives for the industrial sector, which were approved by the Council of Ministers in mid-March. This is to enable industrial investments, stimulate their growth, and achieve sustainable industrial development in the Kingdom, while raising the level of competitiveness of the Saudi industry globally. The Saudi Investment Marketing Authority
The Council of Ministers approved the organization of the Saudi Investment Marketing Authority. This decision reflects the continued support and backing of the wise leadership for the investment system and the investment environment in the Kingdom, which aims to consolidate the Kingdom’s position as a world-class investment center, in line with the objectives of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, which seeks to diversify the economy and enhance its competitiveness internationally, to build a prosperous and sustainable economy, and in line with the plans, programs, and objectives of the National Investment Strategy. The decision reflects the state’s keenness to support the investment system and create an investment environment in the Kingdom, which strengthens the Kingdom’s position as a global investment hub. This vision is not far from the goals of Vision 2030, which seeks to diversify the national economy and enhance its competitiveness on the international level. The Authority aims to highlight the Kingdom as an investment destination locally and globally, market investment opportunities in all sectors with all their components, and enhance businesses and services related to investment marketing, in light of the general investment policies and executive plans prepared by the Ministry.

The Kingdom has achieved a complete digital transformation in the financial sector.

Riyadh – Ahmed Ghawi

The financial sector in the Kingdom has received special attention in the objectives of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, which is directly funded by His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Ministers – may God protect him. The most prominent achievement in developing this sector has been the work to enhance and develop the trend towards diversifying the state’s resources, and not relying on oil as the sole and primary resource that feeds the state’s budget and injects into the government sector the expenditures of state projects and the entitlements that accrue to citizens, both directly and indirectly.

The Ministries of Finance and Economy, Planning, and state sectors with an interest in financial aspects, such as the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA), the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority, and the Efficiency and Spending Authority, and government projects, led the development of the financial sector in accordance with the vision and achieved the trend towards establishing an advanced financial structure for the state, based on continuous reforms since the launch of the vision in 2016. We are currently celebrating the eighth anniversary of the reign of the vision’s sponsor, His Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, as Crown Prince. We see growth and development in multiple sectors operating according to a clear strategy. State agencies are cooperating in broad partnership with the private sector to continue the path of growth and prosperity for the Saudi economy, which has been noted by the International Monetary Fund and neutral global bodies. It has also been confirmed by the continued positive trajectory of the economy’s credit ratings and the optimism that it will achieve increasing growth leaps. Diversification: A Fundamental Pillar
According to recent reports from the Ministry of Finance, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia relies on a diverse set of resources for its revenues, which constitute the cornerstone of its national economy. Oil and gas revenues are at the forefront of these sources, based on the Kingdom’s energy wealth. Non-oil revenues also play an increasing role, including zakat, taxes, and various fees, in addition to revenues generated from strategic investments. For its part, the Public Investment Fund effectively manages these investments through an integrated portfolio of projects at home and abroad that aim to diversify sources of income, strengthen the national economy, and reduce dependence on oil, in line with Saudi Vision 2030. These efforts contribute to building a strong and sustainable economy that enhances the Kingdom’s position in global markets. The annual state budget
The annual budget of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is viewed as a pivotal milestone in the path of economic and financial reforms led by the Kingdom’s government under the umbrella of Saudi Vision 2030. The Ministry of Finance prepares it according to a systematic process that begins with the preparation phase, then approval, and ends with implementation, benefiting from automation programs to enhance performance efficiency. The budget includes an introduction to its financial targets for the current year, along with reports. Performance indicators that illustrate spending across various sectors, and highlight the most prominent projects that represent a qualitative turning point that contributes to achieving sustainable development and strengthening the Kingdom’s position at the regional and international levels. Initial forecasts for 2025 show real GDP growth of 4.6%, supported by an increase in the GDP of non-oil activities. This growth comes as a result of economic reforms and efforts to accelerate economic diversification with the aim of promoting sustainable economic growth. In addition, programs and initiatives that empower and stimulate the private sector contribute to making it the main factor of economic growth and contribute to creating new and sustainable job opportunities in the labor market. The effective implementation of the programs and projects of Saudi Vision 2030 continues, as they are the main tool for achieving the goals of economic transformation.

Transparency to ensure sustainability
The state budget is linked to achieving the goals and objectives of Vision 2030. The Ministry of Finance is required to explain its preparation of the budget transparently to ensure sustainability and achieve future aspirations.
The budget is subject to legislative and regulatory scrutiny and is based on the system.
The Basic Law of Governance and the state’s general budget require all government agencies to implement the principles of budget governance, most notably achieving transparency and reliability. The predictability of fiscal policy, the implementation of a policy that is aligned with Saudi Vision 2030 and any other national strategy or priority, as well as a comprehensive and participatory discussion regarding budget planning, and the availability of open data and documents with transparency and accessibility. The achievements of the Vision 2030 programs continue on the ground, and their objectives are fully achieved ahead of schedule, indicating the precise, meticulous, and rapid work of state institutions. To achieve the specified goals in record time, at a rapid pace, reflecting the desire of the state and the Saudi citizen to race against time in order to build modern Saudi Arabia and strengthen its pillars according to the vision’s goals and comprehensive aspirations, foremost among which is the national economy, which has shifted its compass from an economy dependent on oil income to a multi-source economy. In this regard, we note the “Financial Sustainability” program as one of the first programs to achieve Vision 2030, whose recent achievements are highlighted by the decision of the Council of Economic Affairs to end it after it had fully achieved its goals before 2030. It was launched at the end of 2016 under the name of the Fiscal Balance Achievement Program, and later transformed into the Financial Sustainability Program. Over these years, the program has achieved a set of objectives, including its ability to promote a positive transformation in the Kingdom’s public finances, through the implementation of strategic financial reforms and the establishment of effective entities that have helped diversify sources of income, enhance the efficiency of government spending, and improve financial planning capabilities.

Maximizing Revenues
Added to the program’s achievements is achieving fiscal balance, monitoring and disbursing financial performance, with the aim of maximizing oil and non-oil revenues, increasing the efficiency of government spending, and managing the associated risks, while maintaining adequate financial reserves and a high and sustainable capacity to borrow from local and international financial markets, in accordance with the medium-term public debt strategy, in order to achieve financial sustainability. Over the past years of the vision, the Financial Sustainability Program has witnessed the implementation of several initiatives that have achieved its objectives, including: raising the efficiency of government operational spending, establishing the Strategic Procurement Unit, and the Government Spending and Projects Efficiency Authority, in addition to continuing to achieve its objectives through the implementation of the financial reforms approved in the program, including the Citizen Account, incentive packages for the private sector, the application of the financial levy on expatriates, value-added tax, correcting energy prices, and increasing customs duties on some goods. The program has also proven its effectiveness and efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to monitoring and managing financial performance with the aim of maximizing oil and non-oil revenues, raising the efficiency of government spending, and managing associated risks, while maintaining adequate financial reserves and a high and sustainable capacity to borrow from local and international financial markets, in accordance with the medium-term public debt strategy.

The Vision 2030 Realization Programs are medium-term entities, most of which were created after the Vision was launched, as the primary tools for implementation. These programs have contributed effectively over the past years to enhancing levels of cooperation within the system, accelerating the pace of achievement, and exceeding the Vision for a number of its ambitious goals. The Financial Technology Sector
The financial technology (Fintech) sector in the Kingdom has achieved tremendous development in recent years, thanks to Vision 2030, which seeks to transform the Kingdom into an advanced financial and technological center. Fintech aims to integrate technology with the financial sector, contributing to the provision of more efficient and flexible solutions, helping to achieve financial inclusion, and transforming the economy into a cashless environment based on electronic payments.

• Factors Supporting the Development of Fintech in Saudi Arabia
  A. The Saudi Vision and Government Support
  The vision seeks to promote digital transformation and reduce reliance on cash by encouraging startups, updating laws, and investing in financial technology. Among the most important government initiatives are:
• Launching “Fintech Saudi” in 2018 to support entrepreneurs and startups in financial technology.
• Expanding the “legislative experiment” environment, which allows companies to test their products and services before obtaining an official license from the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) or the Capital Market Authority.
• Adopting the “Sarea” instant payments system, which enables financial transfers between banks in seconds.
• Launching the Saudi Central Bank’s pilot digital currency to test the potential of adopting national digital currencies.

B. Increased Demand for Digital Solutions

• The prevalence of smartphones and the internet among the population, making digital financial services more widely accepted.
• Increased interest in electronic payments after the COVID-19 pandemic, with the percentage of non-cash transactions rising to 70% of total financial transactions.
  C. Growth in FinTech Investments
• The sector has attracted investments exceeding $1 billion in recent years, reflecting growing confidence in the market.
• The presence of specialized investment funds, such as the FinTech Fund and the Public Investment Fund, to support emerging companies in this field. 2. FinTech Fields in Saudi Arabia
  The Saudi FinTech sector includes a wide range of financial services, including:
  A. Electronic Payment and Transfer Systems
• The rise of electronic wallets such as Mada, STC Pay, Apple Pay, UrPay, and BayanPay
• Providing innovative payment solutions to online merchants such as Tabby and Tamara, which offer the “buy now, pay later” service.
  B. Digital Banking
• Digital bank accounts have become more prevalent, with all banks providing financial services without the need to visit branches. Some banks offer smart chatbots that rely on artificial intelligence to assist customers.
  C. Digital Finance and Electronic Lending
• The emergence of direct lending platforms that allow small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing without the need for traditional banks. • Using artificial intelligence to analyze risks and provide tailored loans to individuals and companies.
  D. Online Investment and Trading
• The rise of financial applications that enable individuals to invest easily.
• The growth of crowdfunding, where investors can support small businesses in exchange for future profits.
  E. Digital Insurance (Insurtech)
• The emergence of companies that provide instant digital insurance, where insurance can be purchased and renewed online in minutes.

F. Islamic Fintech Solutions

• Providing Sharia-compliant financial solutions, such as:
  Islamic finance, digital sukuks, and electronic zakat.
  Modern Technologies Used in Saudi Fintech
  A. Artificial Intelligence and Data Analysis
• Smart algorithms are used to analyze spending patterns and provide financial recommendations to individuals.
• Developing intelligent chatbots to assist customers in conducting transactions with ease.
  B. Blockchain Technology
• Its use in money transfers, smart contracts, and digital proof of ownership, enhancing transparency and security in financial transactions.
• Testing the Saudi digital currency as part of the future of the digital economy.
  C. Cloud Computing and Information Security
• Relying on cloud services to provide flexible and fast financial systems.
• Enhancing cybersecurity to protect customer data from breaches.

1. Challenges Facing the FinTech Sector in Saudi Arabia
   Despite significant growth, it still remains The sector faces some challenges, such as:
2. Regulations and licensing:
   Some startups need a long time to obtain legal permits to operate.
3. Trust and awareness: Some individuals still prefer cash transactions due to concerns about digital fraud.
4. Strong competition: The presence of an increasing number of fintech companies requires the development of new solutions to remain in the market.
5. Cybersecurity:
   Companies need strong protection systems to prevent attacks. Electronic fraud and data theft.
6. The Future of Financial Technology in Saudi Arabia
   A. Increasing Reliance on Artificial Intelligence

• Improving financial analysis systems and providing smart recommendations to users.
• Developing predictive solutions that enhance financial planning for individuals and companies.
  B. Expanding Use of Digital Currencies
• Possible Launch of the Saudi Digital Riyal to Enhance Digital Payments
• Integrating Blockchain into Banking Services to Secure Transactions.
  C. Promoting Financial Inclusion
• Providing financial solutions to individuals who do not have bank accounts through digital wallets.
• Developing financial services that meet the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises.
  D. Greater integration between fintech and traditional banks.
• Major banks are collaborating with fintech companies to provide advanced digital services.
• Developing platforms that allow customers to manage all their financial accounts through a single application. Saudi Arabia is today a pioneer in the field of financial technology in the region, and is rapidly moving towards achieving a complete digital transformation in the financial sector. Thanks to government support and investment in innovation, financial technology will continue to expand, making financial services easier, safer, and more efficient for users.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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Several articles cover diverse topics related to Saudi Arabia and the wider region. One set of articles discusses the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre’s efforts, particularly in Yemen, and Saudi Arabia’s support for various countries and its focus on humanitarian work. Another group highlights Saudi Arabia’s economic developments, including the strong performance of ten Saudi banks, investment in the mining sector, and initiatives for the localization of accounting jobs. Regional issues are addressed through discussions on Lebanese-Syrian border security, Israeli military operations in Gaza and the West Bank, and potential impacts of US foreign policy in the Middle East. Finally, a collection of pieces focuses on cultural and social aspects, featuring Ramadan activities in Mecca and Medina, the historical significance of the Prophet’s Mosque and the appointment of the first muezzin, developments in Saudi sports, and the celebration of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.

Study Guide: News Articles from March 2025

Quiz (Short Answer)

1. What is the primary focus of the “Mishaam” project, and what impact has it had in Yemen according to the article?
2. According to the article, what is the Saudi Ministry of Investment doing to attract investment in the mining sector?
3. What was the main purpose of the visit by the Lebanese Defense Minister to Damascus?
4. What is the new decision issued by the Saudi Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development regarding the localization of accounting professions? What is the target percentage and timeframe?
5. What incident occurred in Khartoum, Sudan, involving the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), as reported in the article?
6. What initiative has Israel reportedly approved concerning the Gaza Strip, and what is its stated purpose?
7. What were the key achievements highlighted in the annual report presented to the governor of Al-Qassim region by the Ministry of Sports?
8. What is the “We Are All Family” initiative launched in the Madinah region, and what is its main goal?
9. According to historical accounts mentioned in the article, who is considered the first Mu’adhdhin in Islam and what is the significance of this?
10. What is the historical significance of Al-Qal’ah Mosque in Al-Ahsa, and what are some of the characteristics of its construction?

Quiz Answer Key

1. The “Mishaam” project focuses on clearing land in Yemen of landmines and unexploded ordnance. It has successfully removed a large number of mines and cleared significant areas of land, aiming to ensure the safety of civilians and enable their return, which positively impacts the Yemeni economy.
2. The Saudi Ministry of Investment is working to develop the mining sector by launching a program in partnership with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources to facilitate investment (both local and foreign), attract leading companies, and streamline investor journeys, all contributing to the goals of Vision 2030.
3. The main purpose of the Lebanese Defense Minister’s visit to Damascus was to discuss controlling the situation at the border between Lebanon and Syria, enhancing coordination, and preventing attacks from both sides, following recent clashes.
4. The new decision aims for the gradual localization of accounting professions to reach 70% Saudization within five years, starting from October 27, 2025, with a nine-month grace period. This is intended to increase job opportunities for qualified Saudi nationals in the private sector.
5. In Khartoum, Sudan, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) shelled the city of Omdurman, resulting in the death of three civilians (two children and a woman) and the injury of eight others, with eyewitnesses reporting multiple rockets hitting civilian areas.
6. Israel has reportedly approved a proposal to establish a new administration to facilitate the “voluntary” emigration of Palestinians from the Gaza Strip to third countries. This was stated by a spokesperson for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
7. The key achievements highlighted in the report included supporting sports activities, developing the sports sector, and enhancing sports programs in line with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, aiming to create an attractive environment for talent and promote community participation.
8. The “We Are All Family” initiative in the Madinah region aims to provide a conducive environment for orphans, contribute to developing their cognitive skills and integration into society, and improve their quality of life.
9. Bilal ibn Rabah al-Habashi is considered the first Mu’adhdhin in Islam. This appointment followed a dream seen by Abdullah bin Zaid al-Khazraji and confirmed by Umar ibn al-Khattab, which the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) recognized as a true vision, instructing Bilal to call the Adhan due to his melodious voice.
10. Al-Qal’ah Mosque in Al-Ahsa is a historical mosque built in the Najdi architectural style, characterized by its use of mud bricks made from a mixture of clay and straw, formed in wooden molds. It is part of a project to develop historical mosques across the Kingdom, aiming to rehabilitate them for worship, highlight their historical significance, and preserve the architectural heritage of Saudi Arabia.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the various international humanitarian and developmental initiatives undertaken by Saudi Arabia as highlighted in the provided articles. Discuss their objectives, scope, and potential impact on the recipient countries.
2. Evaluate the Saudi government’s efforts, as presented in the articles, to diversify its economy beyond oil through initiatives in mining and the localization of professions like accounting. What are the stated goals and potential challenges of these strategies?
3. Discuss the regional political dynamics reflected in the articles, focusing on the discussions between Lebanon and Syria regarding border security and the Israeli-Palestinian situation, including the proposed “voluntary” emigration from Gaza.
4. Examine the role of cultural heritage and national identity as portrayed in the articles, referencing initiatives like the Jeddah Historical festival, the “Al-Faisal” magazine issue on heritage, and the historical drama series “Muawiya.” How do these initiatives contribute to preserving and promoting cultural narratives?
5. Based on the articles, analyze the Saudi government’s focus on social responsibility and community development through various initiatives related to orphans, Ramadan meal programs, and environmental conservation. What do these efforts indicate about the Kingdom’s broader societal goals?

Glossary of Key Terms

• Localization (Tawteen): A policy aimed at increasing the proportion of Saudi nationals employed in various sectors of the economy.
• Vision 2030: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s ambitious strategic framework for economic and social development, aiming to diversify the economy, enhance public services, and improve the quality of life.
• Humanitarian Aid: Assistance provided to people in need, often during or after crises such as natural disasters or conflicts, focused on alleviating suffering and meeting basic needs.
• Developmental Projects: Initiatives undertaken to improve the economic and social well-being of a community or nation, often focused on infrastructure, education, healthcare, and economic growth.
• Mining Sector: The industry involved in the extraction of valuable minerals and other geological materials from the earth.
• Border Security: Measures taken to protect the integrity of a nation’s boundaries, including controlling the movement of people and goods.
• Islamic Civilization: The cultural, intellectual, and scientific achievements of the Islamic world throughout history.
• Cultural Heritage: The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
• Social Responsibility: The ethical framework and commitment of individuals, organizations, or governments to contribute to the well-being of society and the environment.
• Ramadan: The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection, and community.
• Mu’adhdhin: A person who calls Muslims to prayer (Salah) from a minaret of a mosque.
• Najdi Architecture: A traditional architectural style prevalent in the Najd region of Saudi Arabia, often characterized by the use of mud bricks and practical designs suited to the desert climate.
• Sanctions: Economic or political penalties imposed by one or more countries against a targeted country, group, or individual, typically to compel a change in behavior.
• OPEC+: A group of oil-producing countries consisting of the 13 members of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) and 10 of the world’s major non-OPEC oil-exporting nations.
• Fiscal Year: A 12-month period used by governments and businesses for accounting and budgeting purposes, which may not necessarily align with the calendar year.
• Non-Performing Loans: Loans for which the borrower has not made scheduled payments for a certain period, indicating a higher risk of default.
• Inflation: A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
• Geopolitical Tensions: Strained relationships or potential conflicts between countries or regions due to political, economic, or territorial factors.
• Ceasefire: A temporary suspension of fighting, typically agreed upon by opposing sides in a conflict.
• Collective Memory: The shared pool of knowledge, beliefs, and traditions held by a group or society, which often shapes their understanding of the past and present.
• Genocide: The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group.

Briefing Document: Review of Al-Riyadh Newspaper Excerpts (March 25, 2025)

Source: Excerpts from Al-Riyadh Newspaper, Issue 20723, Dated Tuesday, March 25, 2025

Overview:

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from Al-Riyadh newspaper dated March 25, 2025. The articles cover a diverse range of topics, including Saudi Arabia’s international humanitarian efforts, economic developments (mining, banking sector Saudization), regional political discussions (Lebanon-Syria border, Israeli-Palestinian issues), local developmental initiatives across Saudi regions, cultural events, religious activities during Ramadan, and sports news.

Main Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

1. Saudi Arabia’s Humanitarian and Diplomatic Role:

• Global Humanitarian Aid: The Kingdom continues its significant humanitarian work internationally. King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid is highlighted as a leading organization in the region and globally, delivering aid projects worldwide.
• Quote: “… King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid, which has succeeded in being an icon of humanitarian and relief work in the Arab region and the world, through its diverse good projects that reach the farthest place on planet Earth.”
• Support for Yemen: Saudi Arabia has provided substantial financial support to Yemen, amounting to around $12 billion between 2012 and 2023 for budget support, oil derivatives, and salary grants. The “Masam” project for demining Yemeni territories has cleared over 485,000 landmines and unexploded ordnance, clearing 65,880,374 square meters of land.
• Quote: “The Saudi efforts made are reflected in the ‘Masam’ project, the Kingdom and its leadership’s keenness to secure the Yemeni lands from the danger of mines, and to enable civilians to return and protect their areas safely…”
• Principled Stances: The Kingdom is portrayed as having “honorable stances” and providing aid to friendly and sisterly countries during crises.
• Palestinian Issue: Saudi Arabia reaffirms that a lasting and just peace cannot be achieved without the Palestinian people obtaining their rights and establishing an independent Palestinian state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital, in accordance with international legitimacy resolutions.
• Lebanon-Syria Border Security: Lebanon and Syria are engaged in discussions to control the situation at their shared border, enhance coordination, and prevent attacks from both sides following recent clashes. This marks the first visit of a Lebanese defense minister to Damascus since the formation of a new Lebanese government.
• Quote: “The visit aims to ‘discuss controlling the situation at the borders, and enhancing coordination and preventing attacks from both sides.’”

2. Economic Developments and Vision 2030:

• Mining Sector Investment: The Ministry of Investment is actively working to develop the mining sector by launching a program in partnership with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources to attract local and international companies, aiming to achieve Vision 2030 goals.
• Quote: “The Ministry of Investment supported the mining system with a package of incentives… contributing to attracting foreign investments in the promising economic sectors and developing them…”
• First Mining Exploration Packages: The Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources has granted the first packages of multiple mining exploration licenses to local and international companies, covering areas like Jabal Sayid and Al-Hujrah, totaling 4,788 square kilometers. This initiative is expected to boost investment and raise investment rates in the sector.
• Saudization of Accounting Professions: Three government entities (Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development, Saudi Organization for Certified Public Accountants, and Ministry of Commerce) are implementing the gradual Saudization of accounting professions to enhance the presence of Saudi nationals in the private sector. The goal is to reach 70% Saudization within five years, starting from October 27, 2025, with a nine-month grace period.
• Quote: “A new decision has been issued that aims to strengthen the presence of Saudi men and women by providing more job opportunities for qualified national cadres in the private sector…”
• Strong Performance of Saudi Banks: Ten Saudi banks maintained strong performance levels in the fiscal year 2024. Loans and advances rose by 14.4% year-on-year, driven mainly by institutional loans. While deposit growth slowed, the loan-to-deposit ratio reached 104.7%.
• Quote: “Ten Saudi banks continued to maintain strong performance levels characterized by strength.”

3. Local Development Initiatives:

• Al-Qassim Region: The Governor of Al-Qassim received a report on the achievements and events of the Ministry of Sports branch in the region for 2024, emphasizing the importance of developing the sports sector in line with Vision 2030 and fostering a stimulating environment for talents.
• Madinah Region: The Governor of Madinah launched 20 developmental initiatives worth 11 million riyals, organized by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development branch, focusing on providing a good environment for orphans, developing their skills, and integrating them into society.
• Quote: “His Royal Highness the Governor of Madinah launched 20 developmental initiatives… aimed at providing a good environment for orphans, contributing to the development of their cognitive skills and their integration into society…”
• Al-Jouf Region: The Governor of Al-Jouf approved the “Himmat Al-Jouf 25” initiative, which focuses on the meticulous planning and organization of various activities and events in the region under his patronage, aligning with Vision 2030 and enhancing community development and tourism.
• Eastern Province: The Emir of the Eastern Province received members of the “Tawiq” association. Additionally, the “Journey of the Mobile Vendor” initiative, part of “Basta Khair Saudi Arabia,” aimed to educate mobile vendors on proper business practices according to health and municipal regulations.
• Jazan Region: The “Khairia Ahad Al-Masarihah” association organized an iftar for orphans. The “Khair Al-Madinah” endowment provided over 1.4 million iftar and suhoor meals during Ramadan.

4. Ramadan and Religious Observances:

• Promoting Tolerance and Solidarity: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance continued its programs during Ramadan, including iftar projects in various countries like Chad and South Africa, embodying the Kingdom’s leading role in serving Islam and Muslims and fostering brotherhood and compassion.
• Quote: “The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance continued, represented by its religious attachés and embassies of the Kingdom, the implementation of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ program for breaking the fast for fasting people…”
• Development of Historical Mosques: The Prince Muhammad bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques continues, with the “Al-Qalaa” Mosque in Al-Ahsa being restored using traditional Najdi architectural style. The project aims to rehabilitate and preserve historical mosques, highlighting the Kingdom’s cultural heritage.
• Adhan in the Prophet’s Mosque: Over 20 muezzins raise the call to prayer in the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah, following a tradition that began over 1400 years ago with Bilal bin Rabah, the Prophet’s first muezzin.
• Quote: “The adhan has been raised in the Prophet’s Mosque since that era until our present time, and 20 muezzins take turns raising the call and the iqama, and repeating after the imam, proclaiming the voice of truth from the minarets of the Holy Mosque…”
• Iftar Project in Madinah: The “Khair Al-Madinah” endowment successfully implemented an iftar project providing over 1.4 million meals during the first twenty days of Ramadan, reaching various locations and beneficiaries.

5. Cultural and Intellectual Scene:

• Jeddah Historical Celebrations: Historical Jeddah celebrated “Al-Shouna” during Ramadan, with a museum at Naseef House offering a cultural experience showcasing rare archaeological discoveries from the ancient Al-Souna site.
• Al-Faisal Magazine: The new issue of Al-Faisal magazine focused on “Heritage and Identity,” addressing various aspects of Arab heritage and highlighting scholarly efforts in preserving manuscripts and understanding cultural transformations.
• “Assila” Cultural Forum: The “Assila” cultural forum elected Hatim Al-Batawi as its new secretary-general, succeeding its founder Mohammed Aissa. The forum announced its upcoming activities, including art exhibitions and workshops.
• Reflections on Ramadan TV: An article discusses the intense competition among TV channels during Ramadan to attract viewers with various programs.
• Metaverse in Institutional Communication: An article explores the potential of the metaverse in transforming institutional communication, improving internal collaboration, enhancing customer engagement through interactive experiences, and providing virtual environments for training and events.
• Historical Drama “Muawiya”: An analysis discusses the historical drama series “Muawiya,” produced by MBC, which addresses early Islamic history, sparking artistic and ideological debates. The series is compared to international productions and noted for its high production quality. The importance of presenting history responsibly and avoiding ideological manipulation is emphasized.
• Role of Historical Drama: An article highlights the significant role of historical drama in reshaping collective memory, connecting the present with the past, and evoking emotions like justice, courage, and empathy in viewers. It also contributes to reviving heritage and making history accessible, especially to younger generations.

6. Regional Political Tensions:

• Gaza Situation: Reports detail intense Israeli airstrikes on Gaza, resulting in civilian casualties. A proposed Egyptian ceasefire is mentioned. Nasser Medical Complex is described as being targeted, potentially constituting a war crime. Palestinian families in the “Tel Sultan” neighborhood are reported to be facing a “genocide.”
• Quote: “Gaza: Martyrs in intense Israeli airstrikes and an Egyptian proposal for a ceasefire.”
• Quote: “Targeting Nasser Complex is a war crime.”
• Quote: “Palestinian families in the ‘Tel Sultan’ neighborhood are subjected to genocide.”
• Jenin Operation: An Israeli occupation aggression on Jenin city and its camp resulted in 34 martyrs and dozens of injuries.
• Accusations Against Shin Bet Chief: Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu accused the head of the Shin Bet of trying to “overthrow the Yemeni government” (likely a mistranslation or misreporting, given the context usually relates to Israeli political levels or actions in Palestinian territories). Netanyahu also claimed the Shin Bet chief was gathering evidence against the political echelon in a legally questionable manner. The Shin Bet responded by stating its ongoing work against organizations designated as terrorist groups.
• Detained Palestinians: Reports indicate a rising number of Palestinian detainees, including children, martyred in Israeli prisons, with their bodies often withheld.

7. Sports News:

• Saudi National Football Team: The Saudi national football team concluded its preparations for the crucial Asian qualifiers for the 2026 World Cup against Japan. The team secured a recent win against China. Coach Hervé Renard emphasized the team’s readiness despite some player absences due to injury. The match against Japan is seen as a significant challenge in Group C. Japan leads the group, while Saudi Arabia is in third place. A Kuwaiti refereeing team was assigned to the match.
• Quote (Renard): “We will face a strong and organized team, so we must be effective in seizing opportunities, especially since we were not in the last match against China.”
• Quote (Renard): “We believe in our chances of qualifying, and this is our field today.”
• Al-Adalah Friendly Match: Al-Adalah football club is preparing for upcoming league matches by playing a friendly against Al-Fateh.
• Reflections on Saudi Club Performance: An article discusses the recent return to victories for the Saudi national team and the challenges faced by Saudi clubs in local and Asian competitions.

8. Other News:

• Updated Hajj Health Requirements: The Ministry of Health announced updated health requirements for the Hajj season 1446 AH (2025 AD) to ensure the health and safety of pilgrims.
• Abha Recognized for Air Quality: The city of Abha received the title of the “cleanest city” in the Kingdom for air purity in 2024, according to the National Center for Environmental Compliance. This achievement is seen as supporting Saudi Arabia’s bid to host the 2034 World Cup.
• Quote: “Abha city obtained the title of the cleanest city for air purity in 2024, according to the assessment of the National Center for Environmental Compliance (NCEC) for Air.”
• Concerns about Student Absenteeism: An article discusses the phenomenon of high student absenteeism, particularly at the beginning and end of semesters and before exams, suggesting a need to re-evaluate educational practices to ensure a more engaging learning environment.
• Anniversary of Crown Prince’s Pledge of Allegiance: An article commemorates the eighth anniversary of the pledge of allegiance to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, highlighting the Kingdom’s progress and achievements under his leadership and the Vision 2030 framework.
• Makkah’s Kaakiya Market: The Kaakiya market in Makkah experiences increased activity during Ramadan.
• Execution Court Announcement: An announcement from the Execution Court in Riyadh is included.

Conclusion:

These excerpts from Al-Riyadh newspaper provide a snapshot of Saudi Arabia in March 2025, highlighting its active role in international affairs, its commitment to economic diversification and development through Vision 2030, the diverse local initiatives underway across the Kingdom, the observance of Ramadan with its religious and cultural significance, and ongoing regional political tensions and sports activities. The overall tone suggests a Kingdom actively pursuing its vision for the future while addressing regional and global challenges.

Saudi Arabia: Humanitarian Aid, Mining, and Regional Affairs

FAQ based on the provided sources:

• What are some of the key international humanitarian efforts undertaken by Saudi Arabia, as highlighted in the text? Saudi Arabia actively engages in providing aid and support to various countries facing crises and hardships. This includes significant financial contributions, such as the approximately $12 billion provided to Yemen between 2012 and 2023 to support its budget, oil derivatives, and salaries, as well as depositing reserves to stabilize the Yemeni Riyal. The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre plays a pivotal role in this, executing projects globally, including the “MASAM” project in Yemen, which has cleared over 485,000 landmines, unexploded ordnance, and booby traps, decontaminating over 65.8 million square meters of Yemeni land. These efforts reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to assisting those in need, irrespective of ethnicity or religion, and its proactive role in humanitarian initiatives.
• What steps is Saudi Arabia taking to enhance investment in its mining sector, and what are the expected outcomes? The Ministry of Investment is implementing a range of incentives and developing the mining sector in partnership with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources. The aim is to attract both local and international leading companies in the sector, facilitating investment and boosting exploration activities. The first batch of mining licenses has been granted for multiple exploration sites, including Jabal Sayid and Al-Hajla, covering an area of 4,788 square kilometers. This initiative is expected to significantly increase investment in the mining sector, raise production rates, and contribute to the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 by diversifying the economy and creating new opportunities.
• What is the focus of the discussions between Lebanese and Syrian defense officials, as reported in the text? The Lebanese Minister of Defense visited Damascus to meet with his Syrian counterpart to discuss ways to control the situation at their shared border. This visit, the first of its kind since the formation of a new Lebanese government, aims to enhance coordination and prevent attacks from both sides. The border region has witnessed clashes, and there are concerns about smuggling of individuals, goods, and weapons across the 330-kilometer border, which includes many illegal crossings. Syria had also launched a security campaign in the Homs governorate to close smuggling routes.
• What is the new Saudi initiative regarding the localization of accounting professions, and what are its objectives and timeline? Three governmental bodies—the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development, the Saudi Organization for Certified Public Accountants, and the Ministry of Commerce—have launched a gradual localization plan for accounting professions. This new decision aims to increase the number of Saudi nationals in the private sector by creating more job opportunities for qualified Saudis. The plan targets reaching a 70% localization rate over five years, starting with the implementation of the first phase on October 27, 2025. The decision considers various factors, including the current labor market, the number of accounting graduates, and the private sector’s capacity to absorb national talent, aligning with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030.
• What are the latest developments concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and potential ceasefire efforts mentioned in the text? The text reports on intense Israeli airstrikes in Gaza, resulting in numerous casualties, and a proposed Egyptian initiative for a ceasefire. There are also reports of an Israeli plan to establish an administration to facilitate the “voluntary” emigration of Palestinians from the Gaza Strip. Additionally, tensions are highlighted by accusations from Israeli National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir against the head of the Shin Bet, accusing him of attempting to undermine the political leadership. The situation remains highly volatile, with ongoing efforts to achieve a ceasefire and address the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.
• How did the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Prophet’s Mosque) in Medina observe the month of Ramadan, according to the sources? During Ramadan, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi witnessed several significant activities. Twenty muezzins continued the tradition of calling to prayer, a practice that dates back over 1400 years to Bilal ibn Rabah, the Prophet’s first muezzin. The mosque also implemented a large-scale Iftar (breaking the fast) program, “Khair Al-Madinah,” which provided over 1.4 million Iftar meals during the first twenty days of Ramadan, benefiting more than 73,000 people daily. The distribution included dates, fruits, and vegetables, reaching various locations including the mosque, pilgrim stations, and hospitals, reflecting a commitment to serving those in need during the holy month.
• What are some examples of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to promote tolerance and support Muslims internationally during Ramadan? Saudi Arabia, through the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance, continues to implement the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ program for breaking the fast in several countries. In Chad, approximately 30,000 fasting individuals benefited from Iftar tables organized by the Kingdom’s religious attaché. Similar initiatives were carried out in South Africa and Croatia, providing Iftar meals to thousands of Muslims. The Kingdom also distributed dates and copies of the Quran, underscoring its leading role in serving Islam and Muslims, fostering brotherhood, compassion, and embodying the values of tolerance during Ramadan.
• What initiatives are being undertaken to preserve and promote historical mosques in Saudi Arabia? The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance is undertaking a project to develop historical mosques across the Kingdom. This includes the restoration and rehabilitation of these mosques to preserve their historical and architectural significance, enhance their role in worship, and highlight the Kingdom’s cultural heritage. The project aims to develop the design of these mosques while retaining their original character. An example is the Al-Qalaa Mosque in Najran, which is being restored using traditional materials and techniques. This initiative aligns with Saudi Vision 2030’s focus on preserving national heritage and leveraging historical sites for cultural and religious enrichment.

King Salman Humanitarian Aid Center: Global Impact

Based on the sources, the King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid is explicitly mentioned in.

Here’s what the sources say about it:

• The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia intended for its humanitarian and relief initiatives to be managed without randomness or impulsiveness.
• The King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid was established in 2015.
• It has become an icon of humanitarian and relief work in the Arab region and globally.
• The center’s diverse and beneficial projects reach the farthest corners of the Earth.
• One of its notable achievements is the “MASAM” project in Yemen.
• Launched in 2018, the MASAM project had successfully cleared over 485,000 landmines, unexploded ordnance, and booby traps in Yemen by March of the current year.
• It has decontaminated 65,880,374 square meters of Yemeni land that was polluted with explosives.
• The MASAM project reflects the Kingdom’s and its leadership’s commitment to securing Yemeni lands from the danger of mines, allowing civilians to return and safeguarding their areas.
• This effort is expected to have a positive impact on the Yemeni economy as it recovers.
• Yemeni officials have expressed praise and appreciation for the Kingdom’s actions and the nobility of its leadership, as reflected in the MASAM project.

The sources also mention the broader context of the Kingdom’s humanitarian aid, noting that it provides assistance and stands by all sisterly and friendly nations during crises and hardships, offering the finest examples of aiding those in distress and responding to the calls of countries in need. The Kingdom generously spends on relief projects worldwide, driven by the principle of Arab solidarity and cooperation. This commitment is a continuation of the approach established by King Abdulaziz and followed by his successors, including King Salman.

Saudi Arabia: Global Humanitarian Relief Efforts

Based on the sources, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia places a significant emphasis on humanitarian relief efforts and has established a strong framework for providing aid on a global scale.

Here are key aspects of these efforts, drawing from the sources and our previous discussion about the King Salman Center:

• Principled Approach: The Kingdom’s humanitarian initiatives are driven by a sincere desire and a commitment to helping sisterly and friendly nations in times of crisis and hardship. This is rooted in the principle of Arab solidarity and cooperation.
• Global Reach: Saudi Arabia generously spends on relief projects worldwide. Its aid is not limited by religion, gender, or ethnicity.
• Managed and Organized: The Kingdom intended for its humanitarian and relief initiatives to be managed without randomness or impulsiveness, avoiding subjectivity.
• King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid: Established in 2015, the center has become a central pillar of the Kingdom’s relief efforts. It is recognized as an icon of humanitarian and relief work in the Arab region and globally, with its diverse and beneficial projects reaching the farthest corners of the Earth.
• Examples of Aid:The Kingdom provides assistance and stands by all sisterly and friendly nations during crises and hardships, offering the finest examples of aiding those in distress and responding to the calls of countries in need.
• Between 2012 and 2023, Saudi Arabia provided approximately $12 billion to support Yemen, including budgetary support, fuel derivatives, salary grants, and easing pressure on foreign currency reserves to stabilize the Yemeni Riyal.
• The “MASAM” project in Yemen, launched by the King Salman Center in 2018, exemplifies these efforts. By March of the current year, MASAM had successfully cleared over 485,000 landmines, unexploded ordnance, and booby traps and decontaminated 65,880,374 square meters of Yemeni land polluted with explosives. This project reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to securing Yemeni lands and enabling the return of civilians.
• Impact and Recognition: The MASAM project is expected to have a positive impact on the Yemeni economy. Yemeni officials have expressed praise and appreciation for the Kingdom’s actions and the nobility of its leadership as demonstrated by MASAM.

In summary, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is deeply involved in humanitarian relief efforts worldwide, guided by principles of solidarity and managed through organized entities like the King Salman Center. These efforts aim to provide significant assistance to nations in need, as evidenced by the substantial aid to Yemen and the impactful MASAM project.

Saudi Arabia’s International Support: Humanitarian, Investment, and Diplomacy

Saudi Arabia provides various forms of support to other nations and entities, as highlighted in the sources and our conversation history. This support spans humanitarian aid, investment, and efforts towards regional stability.

Regarding humanitarian support, Saudi Arabia demonstrates a strong and principled commitment to assisting sisterly and friendly nations in times of crisis and hardship. This is driven by a sincere desire and the principle of Arab solidarity and cooperation. The Kingdom generously contributes to relief projects worldwide, without discrimination based on religion, gender, or ethnicity. The King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid, established in 2015, serves as a key institution managing and delivering this aid effectively. The center’s projects are diverse and far-reaching, as exemplified by the “MASAM” project in Yemen, which has made significant progress in clearing landmines and supporting the return of civilians. The Kingdom’s substantial financial aid to Yemen between 2012 and 2023, amounting to approximately $12 billion, further underscores its commitment to humanitarian support. Yemeni officials have expressed praise and appreciation for these efforts.

Beyond humanitarian aid, Saudi Arabia also provides investment support aimed at developing various sectors in the Kingdom and attracting foreign investment. The Ministry of Investment plays a crucial role in this by designing incentive packages to attract foreign investments in promising economic sectors. The ministry is working to develop all sectors, including the mining sector, through initiatives like the Exploration Licensing Program, in partnership with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources. This program aims to facilitate investment by local and foreign leading companies in the mining sector, contributing to the goals of Vision 2030. The Kingdom is actively working to make itself a primary investment destination in the mining sector by offering attractive opportunities, streamlining procedures, and fostering cooperation between local and international investors.

Furthermore, the sources indicate Saudi Arabia’s support extends to efforts aimed at regional stability. For instance, the Kingdom expressed its strong condemnation of the Israeli occupation authorities’ announcement of establishing an agency to displace Palestinians from the Gaza Strip, reaffirming its rejection of these illegal and colonial practices. This demonstrates Saudi Arabia’s support for international law and the rights of the Palestinian people.

In summary, Saudi Arabia’s support is multifaceted, encompassing significant humanitarian relief efforts managed through the King Salman Center, active investment promotion across various sectors like mining, and consistent diplomatic stances in support of international law and regional stability. This reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to its values, its regional role, and its Vision 2030 objectives.

Yemen Mine Clearance: The MASAM Project

The “MASAM” project in Yemen is a significant initiative undertaken by the King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid. It is explicitly mentioned in the sources as a notable achievement of the center.

Here’s a breakdown of the MASAM project based on the sources:

• Origin and Launch: The MASAM project was launched in 2018 by the King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid.
• Objectives: The primary goal of the MASAM project is to clear Yemeni lands from the danger of mines, unexploded ordnance, and booby traps. This aims to ensure the safety of Yemeni civilians, allowing them to return to their lands and safeguarding their areas.
• Achievements: As of March of the current year, the MASAM project has achieved significant results:
• Over 485,000 landmines, unexploded ordnance, and booby traps have been successfully cleared.
• 65,880,374 square meters of Yemeni land that was polluted with explosives have been decontaminated.
• Impact: The MASAM project is recognized for its crucial role in:
• Securing Yemeni lands from the threat of explosives.
• Enabling the return of civilians to their homes and land safely.
• Expected to have a positive impact on the Yemeni economy as it recovers.
• Recognition: The efforts of the Kingdom and its leadership, as demonstrated by the MASAM project, have been met with praise and appreciation from Yemeni officials, who have acknowledged the nobility of these actions.

In essence, the MASAM project stands as a key example of the humanitarian relief efforts led by the King Salman Center in Yemen. It directly addresses the critical issue of landmines, which pose a significant threat to the safety and well-being of the Yemeni population, and contributes to the long-term stability and economic recovery of the country.

Saudi Top Ten Banks: 2024 Performance Report

Based on the sources, a report by Andersen in cooperation with Marshall, specialized in providing advisory services in the Kingdom, announced the performance of the Saudi banking sector for the fiscal year 2024. The report stated that the top ten banks in Saudi Arabia maintained strong performance levels.

Here are some key highlights from the report regarding these ten banks:

• Loan and Advances Growth: Loans and advances increased by 14.4% on a year-on-year basis in fiscal year 2024, primarily driven by a 17.7% year-on-year growth in corporate loans.
• Deposit Growth Slowdown: The growth in deposit mobilization slowed down to 7.9% year-on-year, impacted by slower growth in time deposits, which only achieved a growth rate of 4.7% year-on-year.
• Increase in Loan-to-Deposit Ratio: The loan-to-deposit ratio rose to 104.7%.
• Rise in Funding Costs: Funding costs increased by 6%, reaching 55 basis points year-on-year to register 3.5%, leading to a slight decrease in the net interest margin to 3%.
• Modest Operating Income Growth: The rate of operating income growth slightly decreased, recording a growth rate of 9.3%, reflecting the impact of higher net revenues from fees, commissions, and other operating revenues.
• Healthy Net Profit Growth: The banks recorded healthy net profit growth of +11.8% year-on-year (compared to 13.5% in fiscal year 2023), reaching a total of 79.6 billion Saudi Riyals, driven by a decline in impairment provisions.
• Improvement in Cost Efficiency: Cost efficiency levels improved, with the cost-to-income ratio decreasing to 31.3% (-63 basis points year-on-year) as operating income growth (+9.3% year-on-year) exceeded the growth rate of operating costs (+7.1% year-on-year).
• Improved Cost of Risk: The cost of risk in Saudi banks improved slightly to reach 0.3% (-7 basis points year-on-year), with seven of the top ten banks recording an improvement in the cost of risk due to a 7.5% year-on-year decrease in impairment charges.
• Decrease in Non-Performing Loans: Overall, the non-performing loan ratio to net loans decreased by 18 basis points year-on-year to register 1.1% in 2024.
• Return on Equity: The return on shareholders’ equity increased to 14.5% (+72 basis points year-on-year).
• Return on Assets: The return on assets remained stable at 2.0%.

According to Ali Al-Nasser, the publisher, this report demonstrates the stability and strength of the Saudi banking sector despite increased funding costs due to higher interest rates on deposits and loans. The banks improved their profits by raising net interest margins, reducing provisions, and enhancing liquidity efficiency.

The list of the ten banks included in the report comprises:

• AlAhli Saudi Bank
• Riyad Bank
• Al Rajhi Bank
• Saudi National Bank (SNB)
• Saudi British Bank (SABB)
• Banque Saudi Fransi
• Alinma Bank
• Arab National Bank
• Saudi Investment Bank
• Bank Albilad
• AlJazira Bank

In conclusion, the top ten Saudi banks demonstrated resilience and strong performance in fiscal year 2024, characterized by loan growth, improved efficiency, and healthy profitability despite evolving market conditions.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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This collection of articles from the Al Riyadh newspaper covers a range of topics including regional political developments, such as the Arab and Islamic ministerial committee’s condemnation of Israeli actions in Gaza and the Saudi stance on international conflict resolution. The sources also highlight local Saudi initiatives like the Ehsan platform for charitable giving and the Qiddiya project, a large-scale entertainment and tourism development. Additionally, there are articles detailing domestic news, including infrastructure development in Mecca, updates on economic sectors like oil and mining, and social events such as award ceremonies and cultural visits by regional leaders. Finally, the newspaper includes international news, reporting on conflicts in Yemen and Sudan, and perspectives on Islamic culture and history.

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Understanding the Source Material: A Study Guide

Quiz (Short Answer)

1. What was the primary concern expressed by the ministerial committee formed by the Arab and Islamic Extraordinary Joint Summit regarding the situation in the Gaza Strip?
2. According to the article, what milestone did the “Ihsan” platform achieve in its fifth iteration of the national campaign for charitable work?
3. What role does the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aim to play in international conflict resolution, as mentioned in the “Word” section of the newspaper?
4. What are the key findings of the ICAEW economic update regarding the expected growth of GCC countries in 2025, despite global uncertainties?
5. In January 2025, how many new mining licenses were issued in Saudi Arabia, and what were the main categories of these licenses?
6. What was the immediate aftermath of the Israeli air strikes on Rafah and Khan Yunis, as reported in the Gaza section?
7. What is the primary goal of the King Saud University initiative mentioned in the local news section of the newspaper?
8. According to the article on the “Ihsan” platform, what are some of the key features and benefits it offers to donors and charitable organizations?
9. What is the significance of the “Najdi Mosque” in Fursan, and what are the objectives of the project to renovate historical mosques?
10. What is the aim of the “Digital Transformation Measurement 2025” initiative launched by the Digital Government Authority in Saudi Arabia?

Answer Key (for the Quiz)

1. The committee expressed strong condemnation of the Israeli military’s actions, including airstrikes on Gaza and the direct bombing of populated civilian areas, considering them a clear violation of ceasefire agreements, international law, and humanitarian principles. They also worried about the potential for regional conflict escalation and the undermining of stability.
2. The “Ihsan” platform surpassed one billion Saudi Riyals in total donations for the national campaign for charitable work in its fifth version, in less than a week from its launch, indicating significant public engagement.
3. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aims to play a prominent and leading role in resolving international conflicts peacefully, drawing on its Islamic and strategic standing, the respect for its wise leadership, and its contributions to resolving numerous Arab and international disputes.
4. Despite a blurry global outlook, the ICAEW economic update expects the total GDP of the Middle East to grow by 3.3% in 2025, with GCC countries anticipated to experience higher growth of around 4%.
5. In January 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources issued 23 new mining licenses, which included 10 exploration licenses, 5 exploitation licenses, and 8 licenses for building materials.
6. The Israeli air strikes on Rafah and Khan Yunis resulted in the martyrdom of more than 20 Palestinians, including children and women, and left many others injured. Sources reported a total of 23 martyrs in one area alone, and the strikes targeted multiple neighborhoods.
7. The primary goal of the King Saud University initiative is to attract distinguished graduate students from both within and outside the Kingdom, contributing to the university’s efforts to enhance the academic and research environment and support the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals.
8. The “Ihsan” platform aims to enhance transparency in administrative and financial practices, facilitate the donation process for all users, connect donors with verified charitable organizations, and support the development of the non-profit sector in Saudi Arabia.
9. The “Najdi Mosque” in Fursan is one of the oldest historical mosques in the Jazan region, with its construction dating back to 1347 AH. The renovation project aims to restore its architectural beauty, reflecting traditional designs influenced by Eastern arts and Islamic architecture.
10. The “Digital Transformation Measurement 2025” initiative aims to raise the level of commitment of government entities to digital transformation decisions and orders, improve the quality of digital government services provided to beneficiaries, and enhance the Kingdom’s international leadership in the field of digital government.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of the events described in the provided source material, focusing on how the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, charitable initiatives like “Ihsan,” and Saudi Arabia’s regional and international roles are presented as part of a broader context.
2. Discuss the significance of the local cultural and linguistic elements highlighted in the article about Saudi drama, and evaluate the potential impact of this shift on audience engagement and the preservation of regional identities.
3. Examine the economic trends and initiatives discussed in the source material, such as the expected growth in GCC countries, the issuance of mining licenses, and the development of platforms like “Ihsan,” in the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.
4. Evaluate the role of international organizations and agreements, such as the UN resolutions regarding Palestine and the OPEC+ decisions on oil production, as portrayed in the news excerpts, and discuss their effectiveness in addressing the issues at hand.
5. Critically analyze the humanitarian crises depicted in the source material, specifically focusing on the situation in Gaza and Sudan, and discuss the local and international responses and the challenges in providing effective aid and resolution.

Glossary of Key Terms

• واس (WAS): An abbreviation for the Saudi Press Agency, the official news agency of Saudi Arabia.
• قمة عربية وإسلامية استثنائية مشتركة (Extraordinary Joint Arab and Islamic Summit): A high-level meeting involving leaders from Arab and Islamic nations to discuss urgent matters, in this case, the developments in the Gaza Strip.
• ثر َ »إحسان« (The impact of “Ihsan”): Refers to the influence and achievements of the “Ihsan” platform, a national platform for charitable work in Saudi Arabia.
• حل الدولتين (Two-state solution): A proposed framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by establishing two independent states, one for Israelis and one for Palestinians.
• مجلس التعاون الخليجي (GCC – Gulf Cooperation Council): A regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
• رخصة تعدينية (Mining license): An official permit granted by a government allowing an entity to conduct mining activities, such as exploration or extraction of minerals.
• التحول الرقمي (Digital Transformation): The use of digital technologies to fundamentally change how businesses and organizations operate and deliver value.
• وقف إطلاق النار (Ceasefire): An agreement to stop fighting for a specific period.
• التوغلات البرية (Ground incursions): Military operations involving the entry of ground forces into an area.
• بؤر استيطانية (Settlement outposts): Small, often unauthorized Israeli settlements established in the Palestinian territories.
• نزع فتيل الأزمات (Defusing crises): Actions taken to reduce the intensity of conflicts or tensions.
• تعريفات جمركية (Customs tariffs): Taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.
• احتلال (Occupation): The military control of a territory by an invading armed force.
• شهيد (Martyr): A person who is killed for their beliefs or in a war.
• الخيمة الثقافية (Cultural Tent): A temporary venue set up to host cultural events and activities, particularly during Ramadan.
• اللهجة البيضاء (White dialect): A more standardized or widely understood dialect of Arabic, often used in media to ensure broader comprehension.

Saudi Arabia: Developments and Regional Issues

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the primary focus of the joint Arab and Islamic ministerial committee regarding Gaza? The primary focus of the joint Arab and Islamic ministerial committee is to address the escalating Israeli military actions in the Gaza Strip. They strongly condemn the Israeli forces’ ongoing aggression, including airstrikes on densely populated civilian areas, which have resulted in numerous Palestinian casualties and represent a clear violation of ceasefire agreements, international law, and humanitarian principles. The committee urgently calls for a permanent cessation of Israeli escalation and a return to negotiations to implement a full ceasefire and ultimately end the war on Gaza, preventing a renewed cycle of violence. They also reiterate their unwavering support for a just and lasting peace for the Palestinian issue based on the two-state solution, relevant UN resolutions, the Arab Peace Initiative, and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state along the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.
2. What is the “Ihsan” platform, and what significant achievements has it accomplished? The “Ihsan” platform is a Saudi national platform for charitable work launched in March 2021 with the support of the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA). It aims to enhance and sustain a comprehensive and effective system for developmental and charitable services by leveraging advanced technological solutions and partnerships across governmental, private, and non-profit sectors. Since its inception, under the patronage of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince, “Ihsan” has achieved unprecedented success in digital charitable work. Notably, the total donations to the National Campaign for Charitable Work in its fifth iteration, conducted through the “Ihsan” platform, surpassed one billion Saudi Riyals in less than a week. The platform also emphasizes transparency in administrative and financial practices and provides accessible technological solutions for donations from all users.
3. How does Saudi Arabia view its role in international conflict resolution? Saudi Arabia views itself as playing a prominent and pioneering role in resolving international conflicts peacefully. The Kingdom believes that international disputes can be resolved through cooperative efforts between nations and has actively contributed to resolving numerous Arab and international conflicts. Saudi Arabia enjoys a reputation as a leader in this field due to its Islamic and strategic importance, as well as the wise leadership it possesses, which garners international respect and works towards de-escalating crises.
4. What are the key features and goals of Saudi Arabia’s “Qiddiya” project? The “Qiddiya” project is a massive national project launched by Saudi Arabia as part of its Vision 2030 objectives. It aims to build an integrated entertainment city that redefines concepts related to the culture, sports, and gaming sectors. Located approximately 40 kilometers from Riyadh, spanning over 370 square kilometers, it is one of the largest global projects of its kind. Key elements of Qiddiya include the goal of establishing the “Six Flags Qiddiya” theme park, which will feature the most innovative water games, as well as world-class facilities for various sports, including a Formula 1 circuit (targeted for 2034), training centers, and other architectural and athletic landmarks. The project aims to become a global icon in promoting play and relies on advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, from design to operation.
5. What are the recent developments regarding the removal of unplanned settlements (“slums”) in Mecca? The Royal Commission for the City of Mecca and the Holy Sites has begun large-scale work to remove unplanned settlements in the southern western part of the central area of Mecca, known as “Jerham” and “Yemen” in the “Al-Balak Al-Ahmar” area. This initiative aims to transform the area, which is currently characterized by dense and haphazard construction, into well-organized urban spaces with modern infrastructure. The removal affects several popular neighborhoods located on important ring roads, including those leading to the Grand Mosque. The goal is to leverage the prime location and vast areas of these former settlements to increase housing capacity in Mecca and develop modern destinations.
6. What is the focus of Saudi Arabia’s “Digital Transformation 2025” initiative? The Saudi Digital Government Authority has launched the “Digital Transformation Measurement 2025,” which aims to raise the level of commitment of government entities to digital transformation decisions and orders. It also seeks to improve the quality of digital government services provided to beneficiaries, thereby enhancing the Kingdom’s international leadership in this field. The Governor of the Digital Government Authority explained that this measurement tool is a key enabler for the digital transformation journey, supporting the pillars of the government’s digital strategic direction to establish Saudi Arabia as a leading digital government globally, in line with the objectives of Vision 2030.
7. What trend is observed in Saudi Arabian drama productions during Ramadan 2025? Saudi Arabian drama productions during Ramadan 2025 have shown a notable shift away from the traditional use of “white dialect” (a more standardized form of Arabic) towards a greater inclusion and prominence of diverse local dialects. This season has seen various series break the mold by featuring regional dialects not merely as superficial additions but as integral parts of the narrative, reflecting the spirit and time period of the stories. While this change has sparked discussion, particularly among viewers accustomed to the “white dialect,” and presented some linguistic challenges, many appreciate the move as it highlights the rich linguistic diversity of the Kingdom. Experts emphasize that this is not just a dramatic choice but a reflection of Saudi Arabia’s social and cultural reality, with over 60 main dialects and numerous sub-dialects.
8. What is the current situation in Gaza and the West Bank as reported in the source? The situation in Gaza is dire, with over 20 Palestinians, including children and women, reported killed in intense Israeli airstrikes on areas like Khan Younis and Rafah. The Israeli government has approved the continuation of the escalation in Gaza, which is witnessing an expansion of ground incursions. Hospitals and aid organizations are struggling to cope with the casualties and the ongoing humanitarian crisis. In the West Bank, particularly in Jenin, Israeli forces have continued their aggression, including bulldozing, house burnings, and restrictions on movement. There are also reports of the Israeli security cabinet approving the separation of 13 settlements in the West Bank, paving the way for their recognition as “independent,” a move condemned by Palestinian and international bodies as undermining the possibility of a contiguous and independent Palestinian state. Additionally, there have been protests in Israel against the government’s actions and calls for a ceasefire and a prisoner exchange deal.

Gaza Conflict: Renewed Hostilities and Regional Impact

The sources indicate that Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip are considered a threat to security and stability in the region.

Furthermore, the sources detail ongoing Israeli military actions in Gaza:

• An occupation army spokesman announced the start of an attack inside the Gaza Strip, specifically in the Tel al-Sultan area of Rafah. This occurred while the Israeli army was expanding its ground incursion.
• There were reports of increased incursions by Israeli forces in the area east of Khan Yunis.
• These actions are taking place after a breakdown of a ceasefire agreement to halt fire in Gaza.
• The resumption of fighting in Gaza has been met with criticism within Israel, with one official describing the government’s actions as a “theft” that endangers soldiers’ lives.
• There are concerns that the renewed fighting could threaten the lives of prisoners.
• The Israeli government, under Prime Minister Netanyahu, has been accused of prioritizing personal interests over the well-being of Israeli citizens and the release of prisoners by returning to fighting.
• Despite the ongoing conflict, the Israeli government is reportedly planning to allow residents of Gaza to voluntarily leave the Strip and has established a new directorate to coordinate this.
• The French Foreign Minister has stated France’s opposition to any form of annexation of Palestinian territories, whether in the West Bank or Gaza.
• The UN views the expansion of settlements as an existential threat to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state.
• Following the resumption of shelling of the Gaza Strip, the Israeli army reported intercepting a rocket launched from Yemen.
• Saudi Arabia has remained engaged with the Palestinian issue in the context of the Gaza conflict, working to unify the Arab stance. The Gaza Strip is also referred to as an “open wound“.

Ehsan Platform: Saudi Arabia’s Charitable Initiative

The sources provide significant details about the Ehsan charitable platform (منصة إحسان الخيرية), highlighting its establishment, objectives, features, and impact.

Establishment and Support: The Ehsan platform was launched with the support of the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA). Its creation aims to leverage data and artificial intelligence to maximize the impact and sustainability of advanced technical developmental projects and services in the Kingdom.

Objectives and Focus: The primary goals of the Ehsan platform revolve around:

• Providing charitable solutions.
• Building an effective system through partnerships with government, private, and non-profit sectors.
• Strengthening Saudi Arabia’s leading role in developmental and charitable work.
• Increasing the contribution of the non-profit sector to the gross domestic product (GDP).
• Enhancing reliability, transparency, and ease of donation.
• Achieving a tangible and sustainable impact.
• Digitally empowering the charitable sector.
• Raising the level of reliability and transparency of charitable work.
• Fostering integration with government entities.
• Activating the role of social responsibility in the private sector.
• Maximizing the human benefit of charitable work.

Key Features and Functionalities: The Ehsan platform offers several technical and functional features designed to enhance the donation experience:

• It provides opportunities to contribute to good deeds (أعمال البر).
• It ensures a user-friendly experience for donors.
• It offers multiple options for quick donations.
• It applies the highest technical standards for security and reliability of information.
• It oversees the transparent delivery of donations to deserving categories and developmental and charitable projects.

Impact and Reach: The Ehsan platform has demonstrated significant impact:

• It has facilitated a large volume of donations, exceeding one billion Saudi Riyals in its fifth edition within a short period.
• This reflects the high aspirations and noble goals of the Saudi society towards charitable work.
• The platform supports various developmental and charitable fields across Saudi Arabia, including education, social services, religion, housing, food, and health.
• It works closely with eligible charitable associations, linking them with donors and supporting their financial development.
• Registered associations have experienced a significant positive transformation in their performance and donation opportunities after joining Ehsan.
• As of the provided sources, there are 2382 partner charitable associations registered on the platform.
• All partner associations have passed 100% in governance standards, indicating a strong commitment to transparency and professionalism.
• The platform conducts continuous monitoring and evaluation of projects, including field visits, to ensure implementation according to specified standards.

Recognition and Future Initiatives: The national center for the development of the non-profit sector has launched the “Ehsan Award” (جائزة إحسان) for leading associations to incentivize high governance standards. This initiative coincides with the announcement of the award’s second edition, further highlighting the platform’s role in promoting excellence within the charitable sector.

In summary, the Ehsan charitable platform, supported by SDAIA, serves as a crucial national initiative to streamline and enhance charitable giving in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on leveraging technology to ensure transparency, reliability, and efficiency in delivering aid to various sectors and beneficiaries across the Kingdom, and it has quickly become a significant channel for charitable contributions.

Mecca Urban Development Initiative

The sources indicate a significant development initiative underway in Mecca (مكة المكرمة) led by the Royal Commission for Makkah and the Holy Sites. This involves a large-scale and unprecedented removal of existing structures in the central area of the city, set to begin in the month of Shawwal.

Key aspects of this development include:

• Extensive Removal Work: The Royal Commission has begun a major removal of buildings in Mecca and the Holy Sites, starting from the southwestern part of the western region. This is described as an unprecedented and extensive undertaking.
• Objectives of the Removal: The primary reasons for this removal work are to:
• Eliminate non-compliant buildings.
• Address human overcrowding.
• Rectify distortions in urban planning.
• Transform difficult and unsafe sites into safe and modern areas.
• Affected Areas: The removal work will encompass several popular neighborhoods and districts situated on key roads, including:
• Abi Bin Ali Road
• The First Ring Road
• Talat Rasayl Allah (طريق طالب رضي الله عنه)
• Omar Ibn Al-Khattab Road (طريق عمر ابن الخطاب رضي)
• Areas leading to the Holy Mosque (المسجد الحرام).
• Preparatory Measures:Engineering companies and real estate offices have posted notices on properties in Mecca.
• A dedicated platform has been established to provide services for updating documents, completing compensation procedures, and conducting land surveys.
• Observations on Existing Structures: A tour by the Riyadh newspaper highlighted that some of the oldest neighborhoods slated for removal, such as Al-Abadila, Al-Mawarika, the street from Al-Sairiya, the right side of the Hajjajja neighborhood, and Gerham, are characterized by:
• Narrow, spiral alleys and disorganized layouts.
• A high percentage (98%) of old, dilapidated, and abandoned properties.
• A lack of public walkways and gardens.
• Significant human overcrowding.
• Buildings often constructed with red brick foundations and lacking attractive facades.
• Vision for the Future: This removal work is part of a larger effort to usher in a new era of development that befits the size and importance of Mecca. The aim is to create a more modern and well-planned city.

While source discusses security measures for pilgrims in Mecca, it does not directly address the physical development of the city. However, the extensive removal and redevelopment plans outlined in sources and, and the preparatory steps mentioned in source, clearly indicate a significant push for the modernization and improvement of Mecca’s urban landscape.

Global Oil Price Dynamics: Supply, Demand, and Geopolitics

The sources provide several insights into global oil prices, influenced by factors such as supply, demand, geopolitical events, and policy decisions.

Market Dynamics and Projections:

• There has been a noticeable improvement in global demand for oil, contributing to a rise in prices.
• However, concerns exist that an increase in oil supply from countries outside the OPEC+ framework or a slowdown in the rate of consumption could trigger fluctuations in oil markets.
• Despite global uncertainties, the economies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are projected to grow by 4% in 2025, although this figure would be a higher 3.3% if oil revenues were excluded, indicating the significant role of oil in their economic performance.
• A headline suggests an expected rise in oil prices due to signs of a slowdown in supply from OPEC+, as the organization reaffirms its members’ commitment to reducing surplus production.

Geopolitical Influences:

• The US Treasury has imposed new sanctions on Chinese entities involved in the trade of Iranian oil, which could impact global oil supply and prices.
• Kazakhstan’s energy minister resigned amid pressure to adhere to OPEC+ production cut commitments, highlighting the importance of these agreements in managing global oil supply.
• Attacks on oil pipelines in Colombia also introduce potential disruptions to supply.
• The return of “Trump” as a political force is mentioned in the context of potentially intensified regional policies. During his previous administration, officials expressed concerns about tariffs but also acknowledged the oil sector’s view that higher oil prices were needed to boost domestic production. Trump’s administration also aimed to lower energy prices for Americans by easing environmental regulations to increase US oil production, which had already reached record levels.
• The US imposed tariffs on imported crude oil from Canada and Mexico but offered exemptions to producers complying with the USMCA trade agreement.

Policy and Strategic Considerations:

• The American Petroleum Institute (API) has emphasized the importance of free and fair trade for ensuring a reliable and affordable energy supply for American consumers.
• The API also presented a five-part energy plan to the government.
• The Iranian deputy foreign minister indicated that negotiations with the US are not possible unless US policies change, especially after the US withdrawal from the 2015 nuclear deal and the reimposition of sanctions on Iranian oil exports. These geopolitical tensions surrounding Iran’s nuclear program have implications for global oil markets.

In summary, global oil prices are subject to a complex interplay of factors, including increasing demand, potential supply adjustments by OPEC+ and non-OPEC+ nations, geopolitical tensions (such as US sanctions on Iranian oil and regional conflicts), and the policy stances of major players like the US. The potential for both price increases due to supply constraints and price volatility due to oversupply or demand slowdown is evident in the provided sources.

King Saud University: Attracting Distinguished Graduate Students

The sources discuss King Saud University in the context of a new initiative aimed at attracting distinguished graduate students from both inside and outside the Kingdom. This initiative is part of the university’s efforts to bolster the academic and research environment and contribute to achieving the goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 executive programs.

Here are the key aspects of this initiative:

• Objective: The primary goal of the initiative is to attract outstanding graduate students to King Saud University.
• Scope: The initiative targets both domestic and international students seeking higher education.
• Strategic Alignment: This program aligns with the university’s broader efforts to enhance its academic and research standing and contribute to the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.
• Online Platform: King Saud University has launched a dedicated English-language webpage for this initiative: dgsinitiative.ksu.edu.sa. This platform provides prospective students with detailed information about the initiative, including application procedures, admission criteria, and available benefits upon their selection.
• University’s Commitment: The Rector of King Saud University, Dr. Abdullah bin Salman Al-Salman, emphasized that this initiative reflects the university’s commitment to attracting exceptional talents to its graduate programs. These programs are linked to specializations that support research, development, and innovation within the university. The initiative also aims to support the future human capacities required to work within this ecosystem.
• User Experience: The dedicated webpage is designed to offer all interested students a seamless and transparent application experience, providing all the necessary information along with a direct link to the online application platform.
• Alignment with Research and Innovation: The Dean of Graduate Studies at King Saud University, Dr. Abdulaziz bin Hisham Al-Hedaig, stated that the initiative falls within the university’s commitment to strengthening the research, development, and innovation ecosystem and attracting top talents.

In summary, King Saud University has launched a significant initiative to attract distinguished graduate students as part of its strategic goals to enhance its academic and research environment and contribute to the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. A dedicated online platform provides comprehensive information for prospective students.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These articles from Al-Riyadh newspaper cover a range of topics predominantly concerning Saudi Arabia in late March 2025, during Ramadan. Several pieces highlight efforts to enhance the experience of religious pilgrims, detailing increased transportation options, expanded facilities at holy sites, and initiatives to provide services and promote Islamic culture. Another significant theme involves social development and welfare, including discussions on housing support, programs for those with multiple sclerosis, and the establishment of a department to combat human trafficking and begging. International news is also present, covering Israeli-Palestinian conflict updates, Lebanese-Israeli border tensions, and the ongoing conflict in Sudan. Finally, the sports section reports on Saudi football, national team preparations, and other sporting events, while economic news touches on gold prices, oil markets, and global financial expectations.

Study Guide: News Articles from “20721.pdf”

I. Key Themes and Concepts:

• Hajj and Umrah Services: Focus on the Kingdom’s efforts to enhance the experience of pilgrims, including infrastructure development, new services, and the role of Vision 2030.
• Community Initiatives and Philanthropy: Understand the significance and impact of campaigns like “Joud المناطق 2” and the contributions of leadership and various organizations.
• Regional Politics and International Relations: Follow the discussions and developments related to Gaza and the region, including the Crown Prince’s meetings and the Foreign Minister’s call with Iran.
• Developments at the Holy Sites: Note the preparations and increased capacity at the Prophet’s Mosque and the Haramain train during Ramadan.
• Cultural and Religious Outreach: Examine the activities of organizations like “Hedayah Global Society” in introducing Islamic culture and the Kingdom’s heritage.
• Healthcare Advancements: Understand the use of interventional radiology in treating liver tumors at Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital.
• Economic Trends: Analyze the fluctuations in gold and oil prices, and factors influencing them such as geopolitical developments and economic uncertainty.
• Real Estate and Hospitality in Makkah: Observe the increased demand for hotels during the last ten days of Ramadan and the factors affecting hotel prices.
• Historical and Cultural Preservation: Recognize the initiative to restore historical mosques across the Kingdom and its objectives.
• Social Issues: Understand the complexities surrounding begging in the Kingdom and the efforts to combat human trafficking related to it.
• Sports and Vision 2030: Note the advancements in Saudi sports under Vision 2030, including hosting major events and developing infrastructure.
• Sudan Conflict: Understand the ongoing clashes between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces.
• “Layali Al Shamisi” Controversy: Note the questions raised regarding the multiple producers involved in the television series.
• Terminology Standardization: Recognize the efforts to create unified dictionaries for specialized fields like social development and human resources.
• Saudi Arabia’s Role in Twin Separation: Understand the Kingdom’s global leadership and humanitarian efforts in separating conjoined twins.
• Anniversary of Allegiance: Understand the significance of the anniversary of the Crown Prince’s pledge of allegiance and the focus on youth empowerment.
• Architectural Identity Initiative: Note the launch of the “Architecture Map of Saudi Arabia” and its goals.
• The Palestinian Issue: Follow the Israeli military actions in Gaza and the West Bank, and the international reactions.
• Lebanon-Israel Tensions: Understand the exchange of fire and concerns about a new conflict.
• Yemen Conflict: Note the Houthi missile attacks and their connection to the Gaza war.
• Ramadan Observations: Recognize personal reflections and positive aspects of Ramadan in Riyadh.
• Drug Trafficking Efforts: Understand the Kingdom’s efforts to combat drug smuggling.
• Fertility Challenges: Note the study highlighting higher infertility rates in the Eastern Province.
• Riyadh Infrastructure Report: Understand the findings of the infrastructure report, particularly regarding water accumulation.
• Silicon Valley in the Ministry of Defense (Opinion Piece): Understand the argument for adopting innovative approaches in the defense sector.
• Media’s Role in Sports (Opinion Piece): Understand the reflections on the current state of sports media and potential improvements.
• Analysis of the Saudi National Football Team: Understand the assessment of the national team’s performance and its qualification for the World Cup.
• Emerging Football Talents (Opinion Piece): Understand the discussion about recognizing and supporting young football talents.
• The Tale of Musab Al-Juwayr (Opinion Piece): Understand the story of the young football player’s development and success.
• Obituary of George Foreman: Note the passing of the boxing legend and his achievements.

II. Quiz:

1. According to the article, what are some of the key efforts undertaken by Saudi Arabia to improve the experience of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims?
2. What was the total amount raised by the “Joud المناطق 2” campaign, and what is the primary goal of this initiative?
3. Briefly describe the discussions that took place between the Saudi Crown Prince and both the Prime Minister of Pakistan and the President of France.
4. What measures were implemented at the Prophet’s Mosque and the Haramain train station to accommodate the increased number of visitors during the last ten days of Ramadan?
5. What is the main objective of the “Hedayah Global Society,” and can you provide an example of one of their activities mentioned in the article?
6. How did Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital in Al Suwaidi treat liver tumors, and what was the outcome of this approach?
7. What were some of the factors that contributed to the fluctuation in gold prices as mentioned in the article?
8. Why did hotels in the central area of Makkah experience an 85% increase in demand, and what are some factors that determine hotel prices in the city?
9. What is the aim of the project to restore historical mosques across Saudi Arabia, and what are some of its key objectives?
10. According to a study mentioned in the article, what are some key characteristics of begging in Saudi Arabia, and what efforts are in place to combat it?

III. Quiz Answer Key:

1. Saudi Arabia is focusing on infrastructure development around the holy sites, introducing new services to ease the performance of rituals, and working towards the goals of Vision 2030 to make the journey more comfortable and seamless for pilgrims.
2. The “Joud المناطق 2” campaign surpassed 1.4 billion riyals in total donations and agreements. Its primary goal is to provide suitable housing for deserving families in various regions of the Kingdom.
3. The Saudi Crown Prince met with the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif, and discussed matters of mutual interest. He also had discussions with French President Macron and UK Labour leader Keir Starmer regarding developments in Gaza.
4. At the Prophet’s Mosque, preparations were made for 4,000 individuals to participate in Itikaf from 120 countries. The Haramain train station increased the number of gates from 8 to 24 and allocated two additional halls to facilitate passenger flow during Ramadan.
5. The main objective of the “Hedayah Global Society” is to introduce visitors to the Kingdom to Islam, its history, and national identity through various programs and partnerships. An example is providing gifts reflecting Saudi culture to visitors to leave a positive impression.
6. Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital in Al Suwaidi treated liver tumors using interventional radiology techniques, specifically ultrasound-guided microwave ablation, without the need for surgery, achieving significant success.
7. Factors contributing to gold price fluctuations included geopolitical developments, general economic uncertainty, and expectations regarding interest rate cuts by the US Federal Reserve.
8. The 85% increase in demand for central Makkah hotels was due to the approach of the last ten days of Ramadan and the desire of pilgrims to be close to the Haram. Hotel prices are affected by location, service level, proximity to the Haram, views of the Kaaba, and ease of access.
9. The aim of restoring historical mosques is to rehabilitate them for worship while preserving their architectural authenticity and highlighting their historical and religious significance in the Kingdom, contributing to the cultural dimension of Vision 2030.
10. Begging in Saudi Arabia, according to the study, shows a high number of beggars of Yemeni nationality, often from low-income backgrounds. Efforts to combat it include enforcing anti-begging laws and addressing human trafficking related to exploitation in begging.

IV. Essay Format Questions:

1. Analyze the multifaceted efforts undertaken by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to cater to the needs of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims, referencing specific examples and connecting these efforts to the broader goals of Vision 2030.
2. Discuss the significance of community-driven initiatives and philanthropic campaigns in Saudi Arabia, using the “Joud المناطق 2” campaign as a case study to evaluate their impact on social welfare and national development.
3. Examine the role of Saudi Arabia in regional politics and international relations as reflected in the provided news excerpts, focusing on its engagement with key international players and its stance on critical regional issues.
4. Evaluate the importance of cultural and religious outreach programs, such as those implemented by the “Hedayah Global Society,” in shaping perceptions of Islam and Saudi Arabia among international visitors and residents.
5. Critically assess the interplay between economic factors, geopolitical events, and their impact on global commodity markets, using the fluctuations in gold and oil prices as examples from the provided news articles.

V. Glossary of Key Terms:

• ولي العهد (Wali al-Ahd): Crown Prince, the designated successor to the throne.
• الحرمين الشريفين (Al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn): The Two Holy Mosques, referring to the Grand Mosque in Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah.
• المعتمرين (Al-Mu’tamireen): Those performing Umrah, the minor pilgrimage.
• الحجاج (Al-Hujjaj): Those performing Hajj, the major pilgrimage.
• رؤية 2030 (Ru’yah 2030): Vision 2030, the Kingdom’s ambitious plan for economic diversification and social development.
• جود المناطق 2 (Joud al-Manatiq 2): “Goodness of the Regions 2,” a national campaign aimed at providing suitable housing for deserving families.
• واس (WAS): اختصار لوكالة الأنباء السعودية (Saudi Press Agency), indicating a report from the official Saudi news agency.
• المسجد النبوي (Al-Masjid al-Nabawi): The Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah.
• المشاعر المقدسة (Al-Masha’er Al-Muqaddasah): The Holy Sites around Makkah associated with Hajj rituals (e.g., Mina, Arafat, Muzdalifah).
• جمعية هدية عالم (Jam’iyyat Hadiyyah ‘Alam): Hedayah Global Society, an organization focused on introducing Islam and Saudi culture to visitors.
• الأشعة التداخلية (Al-Ash’ah at-Tadakhuliyyah): Interventional Radiology, a minimally invasive medical specialty that uses image guidance to perform procedures.
• Metastatic carcinoid tumour: A rare type of cancer that has spread from its original site.
• قطار الحرمين (Qitar al-Haramayn): The Haramain High-Speed Railway connecting Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, and King Abdullah Economic City.
• ماء زمزم (Ma’ Zamzam): Zamzam water, holy water from a well in Makkah.
• سباهي (Sebahi): The Saudi Center for Accreditation of Healthcare Facilities.
• نزاعات الأوس والخزرج (Niza’at al-Aws wal-Khazraj): Conflicts between the Aws and Khazraj tribes in Yathrib (Medinah) before Islam.
• الفطمة (‘Al-Fitmah): In the context of palm trees, it refers to the spathe that covers the developing flower cluster.
• العشر الأواخر (Al-‘Ashr al-Awakhir): The last ten days of Ramadan, considered the most sacred.
• المنطقة المركزية (Al-Mintaqah al-Markaziyyah): The central area around the Grand Mosque in Makkah.
• BOT, BTS, DBFM, YRU: Different investment models (likely Build-Operate-Transfer, Build-Transfer-Service, Design-Build-Finance-Maintain, Year Round Utilization – context needed for definitive definitions).
• حوثيين (Houthiyn): The Houthis, a Zaidi Shia political and military movement in Yemen.
• الإمفيتامين (Al-Amfitamin): Amphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant.
• وادي السيليكون (Wadi as-Silikon): Silicon Valley, used metaphorically to refer to a hub of innovation and technology.
• ذكرى البيعة (Dhikra al-Bay’ah): The anniversary of the pledge of allegiance.
• الرياضة السعودية ورؤية 2023 (Ar-Riyadah as-Sa’udiyyah wa Ru’yah 2023): Saudi Sports and Vision 2023, likely referring to the development of the sports sector under the Vision 2030 plan (note the discrepancy in the year).

Briefing Document: Analysis of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts (March 23, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the “Al Riyadh” newspaper, dated March 23, 2025 (23 Ramadan 1446 AH).

Overarching Themes:

• Focus on Enhancing Religious Pilgrimage: A significant portion of the excerpts highlights Saudi Arabia’s ongoing efforts to improve the experience for Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. This includes infrastructure development in Mecca and Medina, the introduction of new services, and ensuring the safety and comfort of visitors.
• Social and Developmental Initiatives: Several articles detail national campaigns and initiatives aimed at social betterment, including providing adequate housing for deserving families and supporting charitable work.
• Economic Updates and Global Context: The newspaper touches on global economic factors like gold and oil prices, as well as the impact of geopolitical events. There is also a mention of Saudi Arabia’s investment strategies in the Holy Sites.
• Regional Geopolitics and Conflict: Updates on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, tensions on the Lebanon-Israel border, and the ongoing conflict in Sudan are present, indicating the newspaper’s coverage of regional instability.
• Cultural and Social Commentary: Articles discuss cultural initiatives, social issues like begging and human trafficking, and the role of media and sports in Saudi Arabia.
• Healthcare Advancements: A report on a successful non-surgical liver tumor treatment at a Riyadh hospital showcases medical progress in the Kingdom.

Key Ideas and Facts (with quotes where appropriate):

1. Enhancing Religious Pilgrimage:

• Continuous Development: The Kingdom emphasizes its dedication to continuously improving services for pilgrims in Mecca and Medina, aligning with Vision 2030.
• “The Kingdom prides itself today, and since its establishment, on the honor of serving the Two Holy Mosques and the visitors, pilgrims, and Umrah performers who come to them, ensuring their safety and security, and providing all services that facilitate their performance of rituals with ease, tranquility, and comfort…”
• Infrastructure Upgrades: Significant infrastructure projects are underway in the Holy Sites, including expanded transportation and the opening of new sections of the Haramain High-Speed Railway.
• “…the Haram witnessed, during the current month of Ramadan, many developments that the Kingdom has introduced to serve the Umrah performers. These developments include new and modern means of transportation, the expansion of ports, and the opening of new parts of the King Abdullah expansion of the Holy Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina.”
• Increased Hotel Occupancy: Hotels in central Mecca are experiencing a surge in demand during the last ten days of Ramadan, with expected occupancy rates for five-star hotels reaching 85%.
• “…hotel occupancy in central Mecca is described as ‘very high’.”

2. Social and Developmental Initiatives:

• “Joud Al-Manatiq 2” Campaign: The national campaign to provide suitable housing for deserving families has surpassed 1.4 billion Riyals in donations and agreements, highlighting strong community engagement and leadership support.
• “The ‘Joud Al-Manatiq 2’ campaign has exceeded the total donations and agreements mark of 1.4 billion Riyals…”
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince made significant contributions to the campaign.
• “Hadiyah Aamel” Association: This association works to introduce Islam and Saudi culture to visitors, with successful initiatives leading to conversions.
• “…’Hadiyah Aamel’ association aims to introduce the Kingdom’s visitors to its religion, history, and culture through quality programs and a qualified team and effective partnerships.”
• The article recounts several instances of individuals converting to Islam after interacting with the association’s programs.
• Development of Historical Mosques: The second phase of a project to develop historical mosques has been launched, following the rehabilitation of 30 historical mosques in 10 regions in the first phase. The project aims to preserve architectural authenticity and highlight the religious and cultural significance of these mosques.

3. Economic Updates and Global Context:

• Gold Price Volatility: Gold prices experienced fluctuations, influenced by geopolitical developments, economic uncertainty, and expectations regarding interest rate cuts by the US Federal Reserve.
• “External factors, including geopolitical developments and general economic uncertainty, have continued to influence the gold market.”
• Oil Market Dynamics: Oil prices saw gains despite ongoing uncertainty surrounding OPEC+ production plans and potential impacts of US tariffs.
• Analysts expect a decrease in Iranian crude oil exports due to stricter enforcement of sanctions.

4. Regional Geopolitics and Conflict:

• Gaza Conflict Escalation: Reports indicate a potential expansion of Israeli ground operations in northern and central Gaza.
• Lebanon-Israel Border Tensions: Following rocket fire from Lebanon towards northern Israel, the Israeli military conducted strikes against Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon, raising concerns about a new war.
• The Lebanese army announced the dismantling of three locally-made rocket launchers in southern Lebanon.
• Sudan Conflict: Intense clashes continue between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces in Khartoum, with both sides claiming gains.

5. Cultural and Social Commentary:

• Begging and Human Trafficking: An article highlights the issue of begging, often involving children and potentially linked to human trafficking, contrasting it with legal avenues for seeking assistance.
• Multiple Producers in Media Production: Questions are raised about the roles and potential overlaps of multiple producers in the “Layali Al-Shumaisi” media production.
• Development of Linguistic Resources: The King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language, in collaboration with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development, launched a “Dictionary of Social and Human Development Terms” to standardize language in related fields.

6. Healthcare Advancements:

• Non-Surgical Liver Tumor Treatment: Dr. Soliman Al Habib Hospital in Al Suwaidi successfully treated metastatic carcinoid tumors in the liver using interventional radiology techniques without surgery.

7. Sports:

• Saudi Sports and Vision 2030: The Kingdom is actively developing its sports sector, hosting major international events, and investing in infrastructure to achieve the goals of Vision 2030.
• Saudi Arabia has hosted Formula E races, Formula 1 events, and various world championships.
• There is a focus on developing sports facilities, supporting grassroots sports, and attracting international football stars.
• National Football Team Performance: The Saudi national football team secured an important victory against China in the World Cup qualifiers.
• Football Club Activities: Updates on Al Hilal and Al Ittihad football clubs, including player availability and preparations for upcoming matches, are provided.
• Death of Boxing Legend George Foreman: The passing of former world heavyweight boxing champion George Foreman is reported.

Overall Significance:

These excerpts from “Al Riyadh” provide a snapshot of key activities and developments in Saudi Arabia across various sectors. There is a clear emphasis on the Kingdom’s role in serving Islamic pilgrims, its commitment to social and economic development, and its engagement with regional and global issues. The newspaper also highlights advancements in healthcare and the growing prominence of sports within the nation’s Vision 2030 framework.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What are the main efforts being made to enhance the experience of Umrah pilgrims, especially during Ramadan?

Significant efforts are underway to improve the Umrah experience, particularly during the month of Ramadan. These include the development of infrastructure around the holy sites in Mecca and Medina, such as expanding the King Abdullah expansion of the Haram in Mecca and upgrading transportation facilities to and within the cities. New and innovative services are being introduced to make the pilgrims’ journey more comfortable and seamless, reflecting the Kingdom’s commitment to the Vision 2030 goal of facilitating religious journeys.

2. Can you elaborate on the “Joud المناطق 2” campaign and its objectives?

The “Joud المناطق 2” campaign has surpassed 1.4 billion riyals in donations and agreements. This initiative aims to provide suitable housing for eligible families across various regions of the Kingdom. It has received strong support from the leadership, including substantial contributions from King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The campaign reflects a deep connection between the leadership and the community, emphasizing the commitment to sustainable development and achieving the housing and quality of life targets of Vision 2030.

3. What is the significance of the Haramain High-Speed Railway and the initiatives surrounding it during Ramadan?

The Haramain High-Speed Railway is a crucial project facilitating transportation between the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. During Ramadan, efforts are intensified at the Medina station to handle the increased number of visitors, including increasing the number of gates and allocating additional halls for travelers. Free transportation services are also provided between the station and the Prophet’s Mosque, enhancing the overall travel experience for pilgrims, especially the elderly and those with disabilities.

4. What role does the “Hidayah Alam” association play in serving Islam and introducing Saudi culture to visitors?

The “Hidayah Alam” association aims to introduce visitors to the Kingdom’s religion, history, national identity, and culture through various programs and qualified teams. They strive to present a positive image of Islam through initiatives such as distributing gifts reflecting Saudi culture, organizing cultural tours to historical sites, and building positive communication with visitors. Their efforts have led to numerous instances of individuals embracing Islam after experiencing the welcoming and enlightening environment facilitated by the association.

5. What are the key aspects of the project to develop historical mosques in Saudi Arabia?

A significant project is underway to rehabilitate and restore 30 historical mosques across 10 regions in Saudi Arabia as part of its first phase. The four main objectives of this project include restoring the architectural authenticity and originality of these mosques, reviving their role in worship, highlighting their historical and religious significance, and contributing to the Kingdom’s cultural dimension within Vision 2030 by preserving and utilizing authentic architectural features in modern mosque designs.

6. What is the “Gift of the Two Holy Mosques’ Custodian” program during Ramadan, as mentioned by the Mufti of Albania?

The Mufti General and President of the Islamic Mashikhat in Albania, Sheikh Bujar Spahiu, considers the “Gift of the Two Holy Mosques’ Custodian” program during Ramadan one of the greatest humanitarian initiatives. This project, which includes iftar for fasting individuals and the distribution of dates, embodies the spirit of solidarity and reflects the highest meanings of brotherhood and cooperation among Muslims worldwide, highlighting the Kingdom’s leading role in serving Islam and Muslims.

7. What are some of the observations related to Ramadan in Riyadh in the year 1446 AH?

Observations in Riyadh during Ramadan 1446 AH include a noticeable difference with the advent of the new Riyadh Metro, which has become an easier way to reach mosques for Tarawih prayers, Suhoor gatherings, and Ghabgas. The spiritual atmosphere and the blessings and joys of the holy month are also highlighted, alongside appreciation for the leadership’s facilitation of religious observances.

8. What efforts are Saudi authorities making to combat drug trafficking and ensure the safety and security of the nation, especially during Ramadan?

Saudi authorities, represented by the Ministry of Interior and other security agencies like the General Directorate of Narcotics Control, the Border Guards, and Customs, are actively working to combat drug trafficking. They utilize proactive security measures based on intelligence to thwart attempts to smuggle narcotics, such as the recent seizure of seven million amphetamine pills coming from Iraq. The public is also urged to cooperate with security agencies by reporting any suspicious activities or observations that may threaten the safety of the nation and its citizens.

Facilitating the Umrah Journey: Enhancements and Initiatives

Facilitating Umrah journeys is a significant focus highlighted in the sources, with various efforts and initiatives aimed at enhancing the experience of pilgrims. The Saudi government emphasizes the importance of serving Umrah performers and dedicates its resources to this noble cause.

Several key areas of facilitation are evident in the sources:

• Technological Advancements: The state has integrated technology to improve the Umrah experience. This includes providing interactive maps and utilizing augmented reality to assist pilgrims in navigating the Haram (Grand Mosque) and accessing its facilities with ease. Furthermore, the activation and investment in artificial intelligence systems play a crucial role in analyzing data and predicting crowd levels within the Haram. This enables the relevant authorities to organize the movement of pilgrims effectively, thereby reducing instances of disorientation and loss.
• Commitment and Resources: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is fundamentally committed to serving the pilgrims, visitors, and Umrah performers. This commitment is manifested in the mobilization of all available material, human, and technological capabilities to ensure a smooth and comfortable pilgrimage. This principle drives the widespread appreciation expressed by pilgrims towards the Kingdom and its leadership for their generous hospitality and excellent treatment from the moment they arrive until their departure.
• Enhanced Services During Ramadan: During the last ten days of Ramadan 1446 AH, the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance intensifies its Dawah and guidance efforts specifically for Umrah performers. These efforts include providing services within hotel prayer areas located near the Grand Mosque, aiming to help pilgrims perform Umrah rituals, Tarawih, and Tahajjud prayers with ease and tranquility.
• Guidance and Awareness Initiatives: To further assist pilgrims, a select group of preachers and translators delivers daily sermons and guidance in multiple languages within hotel prayer areas. These sessions cover essential aspects of Umrah rituals and highlight the Kingdom’s dedicated efforts in serving the guests of Allah. Additionally, the ministry utilizes electronic screens in the central area’s prayer areas to broadcast informative and welcoming messages in various international languages. Pilgrims also benefit from access to thousands of scientific electronic books that can be downloaded onto their mobile devices.
• Accessible Information and Support: The Ministry has also implemented a “visual communication” service that connects pilgrims with qualified scholars and translators via iPads. This service allows pilgrims to inquire about Umrah rituals, acts of worship, and other relevant matters in several global languages, receiving answers remotely and efficiently. This initiative reflects the ministry’s commitment to adopting the best global technological practices in its service delivery.
• Improved Transportation: Significant improvements have been made to transportation services facilitating Umrah journeys. At the Haramain train station in Madinah, the number of gates has been increased from 8 to 24, and additional lounges are available to streamline the arrival and departure of travelers heading to the Prophet’s Mosque. Free transportation services are provided between the train station and the Prophet’s Mosque, with specific facilities to improve mobility for elderly individuals and people with disabilities. The Haramain train “Al-Sarie” has significantly increased its operational capacity during Ramadan, offering over 1.6 million seats and 3400 trips, including an increase to 130 daily trips during the last ten days. This expansion aims to comfortably accommodate the growing number of Umrah performers and visitors, facilitating easier travel between Makkah, Madinah, and other key locations.
• Facilitating Religious Observances: Efforts are also in place to ease the experience for those wishing to perform ‘Etikaf in the holy sites. This includes ensuring convenient movement, entry, and exit from designated ‘Etikaf locations and providing easy access to necessary services.

In summary, the sources indicate a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to facilitate Umrah journeys. This involves leveraging technology for navigation and crowd management, demonstrating a strong commitment by allocating substantial resources, enhancing services specifically during peak times like Ramadan, providing accessible guidance and information through various means, and significantly improving transportation infrastructure to ensure a smoother and more comfortable pilgrimage for all.

Saudi Vision 2030: Goals and Key Initiatives

The sources highlight several goals of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, focusing on various aspects of the Kingdom’s development and future:

• Enhancing the Experience of Pilgrims: One prominent goal of Vision 2030 is to facilitate the journey of Umrah performers and make it more comfortable and smooth. This is evidenced by the ongoing development and the introduction of new, high-quality services for pilgrims during Ramadan, such as modern transportation and the expansion of facilities in Makkah and Madinah. The Kingdom’s dedication to serving pilgrims reflects its commitment to this key objective within the framework of Vision 2030.
• Improving Quality of Life and Residential Stability: Vision 2030 aims to enable families and enhance the quality of life and residential stability. The success of initiatives like the “Joud Al-Manatiq 2” campaign, which surpassed 1.4 billion riyals to provide suitable housing for deserving families, demonstrates the alignment of national efforts with this particular goal of the Vision.
• Preserving and Promoting Cultural Heritage: The “Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques” aligns with Vision 2030 by focusing on rehabilitating historical mosques, restoring their architectural authenticity, and highlighting their religious and historical significance. This initiative contributes to showcasing the Kingdom’s historical and cultural dimension, a key aspect of Vision 2030.
• Leveraging Technology for Development: Utilizing advanced technologies like geospatial data in various sectors is in line with Vision 2030’s objectives. Applications in urban planning, infrastructure management, smart city development, and environmental sustainability demonstrate how technology is being harnessed to achieve the Vision’s broad developmental goals.
• Empowering the Youth: Placing the youth at the heart of Saudi Vision 2030 and recognizing their crucial role in achieving sustainable development is a significant goal. Numerous initiatives and programs have been launched to qualify and empower young Saudis in diverse fields, creating new opportunities and fostering leadership and entrepreneurship. This emphasis on youth reflects their importance as the driving force for the Kingdom’s future.
• Celebrating National Identity and Heritage: Initiatives such as the “Architecture Map of Saudi Arabia” are designed to embody the Kingdom’s cultural, geographical, and social identity. By celebrating urban heritage and enhancing the quality of life in Saudi cities, this aligns with the broader objectives of Vision 2030.

In summary, the sources illustrate that Vision 2030 encompasses a wide range of ambitious goals aimed at enhancing the pilgrim experience, improving the quality of life for citizens, preserving cultural heritage, leveraging technology for development, and empowering the youth as key drivers of the Kingdom’s future. These initiatives reflect a comprehensive strategy for the sustainable development and progress of Saudi Arabia.

Makkah Ramadan Hotel Occupancy: Demand and Location

The sources provide information regarding hotel occupancy rates, particularly in Makkah during the last ten days of Ramadan. Here’s a breakdown of the discussion:

• During the last ten days of Ramadan, hotel occupancy rates in Makkah are expected to reach 85%. This high occupancy rate reflects the significant influx of Umrah performers during this peak period.
• This high demand for hotel rooms persists throughout the last ten days of Ramadan in Makkah, with reservations remaining strong. The occupancy and pricing are influenced by the number of beds and the services provided by the hotels.
• Interestingly, hotels located outside the central area of Makkah, in districts such as Al-Aziziyah, Al-Misfalah, Al-Gazzah, and Al-Jamayza, also experience high demand. This is attributed to their lower prices, which can be 50% to 60% less than hotels in central Makkah. Despite being further from the Haram, these hotels remain popular, partly due to the availability of frequent shuttle buses and parking spaces.
• The high hotel occupancy rates, especially during peak times like the last ten days of Ramadan, are indicative of the large number of pilgrims undertaking Umrah. This underscores the importance of the various efforts discussed earlier to facilitate Umrah journeys, such as improved transportation and expanded facilities [as discussed in our previous conversation].
• Furthermore, the continuous high demand for accommodation in Makkah aligns with Vision 2030’s goal of enhancing the experience of pilgrims [as discussed in our previous conversation]. The need to accommodate a growing number of visitors necessitates ongoing development and investment in the hospitality sector, including increasing the availability of hotel rooms in various price ranges and locations, as mentioned in the sources with the expected increase of hotel rooms exceeding 300,000 in Makkah. The efforts to maintain and improve the quality of services provided to the guests of Rahman also contribute to attracting and accommodating more pilgrims, thereby impacting hotel occupancy rates.

Hidayah Alam: Introducing Saudi Culture and Islam

The sources highlight the “Hidayah Alam Association” (جمعية هدية عالم) as a key entity involved in what can be considered cultural exchange programs aimed at introducing Islamic culture and the culture of Saudi Arabia to visitors and residents.

Here’s a breakdown of how the association facilitates cultural exchange, as indicated in the sources:

• Introducing Saudi Culture and Islamic Values: The primary mission of the Hidayah Alam Association is to acquaint visitors to Saudi Arabia with the Kingdom’s religion and culture. This includes presenting accurate information about Saudi Arabia’s history, national identity, and culture through quality programs. Their message centers around the Kingdom’s role in conveying the message of Islam and defining the true concepts of Islam.
• Enhancing Cultural and Religious Communication: The association explicitly aims to strengthen cultural and religious communication. This suggests a bidirectional aspect of exchange, although the primary focus in the sources is on presenting Saudi culture and Islam to others.
• Addressing Misconceptions: A significant objective is to correct any misunderstandings about Islam and Saudi culture. This indicates an effort to engage with existing perceptions and provide a more accurate representation.
• Offering Diverse Programs and Initiatives: The association launches various programs to achieve its goals, including:
• The Gift (الهدية): Likely involves providing cultural and religious materials.
• Al-Rajhi Mosque Tour (جولة جامع الراجحي): Introduces visitors to the mosque’s facilities and its societal role, highlighting Islamic architecture.
• Al-Shafi’i Mosque Tour (جولة جامع الشافعي).
• Saudi Cultural Day (اليوم الثقافي السعودي): Offers visitors an integrated experience of Saudi culture, including presentations about the Kingdom’s history, traditional Arabic coffee, and attire, aiming to deepen their understanding.
• A Day in Ramadan (يوم في رمضان).
• Providing Cultural and Religious Gifts: The association offers cultural and religious gifts carrying relevant messages to foster communication and understanding between different cultures.
• Reaching a Wide Audience: Over 160,000 individuals have been hosted by the association over 14 years, including visitors from outside the Kingdom and residents within. The programs aim to ensure that visitors leave with a better understanding of Islam’s tolerance, beauty, and greatness.
• Highlighting National Identity and Values: The association’s programs emphasize the Saudi national identity, its deep historical roots, and its connection to Arab and Islamic heritage. This aims to convey the values and heritage that shape Saudi society.

In summary, the “Hidayah Alam Association” functions as a key player in cultural exchange by actively working to introduce the tenets of Islam and the richness of Saudi culture to a diverse audience through various programs, initiatives, and the distribution of cultural materials. Their efforts aim to enhance understanding, correct misconceptions, and build bridges between different cultures. Our previous conversations did not directly address cultural exchange programs.

Saudi Arabia Infrastructure Development and Vision 2030

The sources highlight several aspects of infrastructure development in Saudi Arabia, indicating significant ongoing efforts and future plans. These developments align with the goals of Vision 2030, as discussed in our previous conversations.

Here’s a breakdown of infrastructure development initiatives mentioned in the sources:

• Transportation Infrastructure:
• The Al-Haramain high-speed train station in Madinah has seen increased efforts to enhance the experience of travelers, including an increase in the number of gates from 8 to 24 and the allocation of two additional lounges to accommodate passengers. This aims to improve the ease of movement for pilgrims and visitors, especially during peak times like the last ten days of Ramadan. This directly supports Vision 2030’s goal of enhancing the experience of pilgrims.
• The article on geospatial technology and digital transformation emphasizes the use of geospatial data in the transportation sector for developing smart transportation systems, analyzing traffic flow, and planning roads. This application of technology is crucial for improving connectivity and efficiency, aligning with broader modernization goals of Vision 2030.
• The development of smart cities like NEOM and Al-Qiddiya includes the design of intelligent infrastructure to enhance the quality of life for residents. This encompasses integrated transportation networks and efficient urban planning, key components of realizing the vision for these futuristic cities under Vision 2030.
• Urban Development and Municipal Infrastructure:
• Investments in the holy sites (Al-Masha’er Al-Muqaddassah) are underway, including the construction of a logistics city in Arafat, Mina, and Muzdalifah. This aims to create a sustainable environment and improve the management and operation of assets in these crucial areas for Hajj and Umrah. These projects are essential for accommodating the increasing number of pilgrims under Vision 2030.
• The report on the performance of service authorities in the Riyadh region highlighted that reports of water تجمع ( تجمع المياه ) topped the infrastructure section, indicating ongoing monitoring and likely efforts to address such issues.
• The municipality of Madinah intensifies its efforts during Ramadan to maintain and operate all municipal services, including cleaning and maintenance of public facilities and preparing commercial shops, ensuring the well-being of visitors. This continuous upkeep of urban infrastructure is vital for a high quality of life, a key aspect of Vision 2030.
• The development of new hospitals, clinics, and commercial sites in Makkah is intended to keep pace with the Hajj and Umrah seasons. This expansion of essential urban infrastructure is necessary to support the growing number of pilgrims and residents, a direct response to the goals of Vision 2030.
• Technological Infrastructure for Planning and Safety:
• The adoption of geospatial data extends to urban planning and infrastructure management, enabling more efficient and informed decision-making.
• The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in analyzing data and predicting traffic congestion within the Holy Mosque is being pursued to reduce crowding and manage pilgrim movement effectively. This technological advancement contributes to a smoother and safer experience for pilgrims, aligning with Vision 2030’s objectives.
• The “Internet of Things” (IoT) is being leveraged to collect geospatial data from smart sensors in cities, buildings, and vehicles, enabling real-time data analysis and potentially leading to innovative solutions in services. This is a foundational element for developing smart cities under Vision 2030.
• Early warning systems for natural disasters are being developed using geospatial data to enable proactive measures and reduce potential damages. This focus on safety and resilience is an important consideration in long-term infrastructure planning.
• Blockchain technology is being explored to enhance the security and reliability of geospatial data, facilitating secure and transparent data sharing among various entities. This underscores the importance of data integrity in modern infrastructure management.

In summary, the sources reveal a multi-faceted approach to infrastructure development in Saudi Arabia. This includes significant upgrades and expansions in transportation, urban facilities, and the integration of advanced technologies for planning, safety, and the overall enhancement of quality of life. These initiatives are closely linked to the objectives of Vision 2030, particularly in improving the pilgrim experience and building modern, sustainable cities.

The Crown Prince commends the efforts of the region’s princes in serving the nation.

Prince Mohammed bin Salman meets with Sharif and discusses developments in Gaza with Macron and Starmer.

His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, received in his office at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah the day before yesterday the governors of the regions on the occasion of their 32nd annual meeting. During the reception, His Royal Highness the Crown Prince was briefed on the most prominent topics addressed by the annual meeting of the governors of the regions, noting the efforts of their Highnesses the governors of the regions in serving the nation, citizens and residents, and their keenness to do everything possible to achieve the desired aspirations and comprehensive development. Meanwhile, His Highness the Crown Prince and Prime Minister met in his office at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah the first day before yesterday with His Excellency Mr. Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif, Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. During the meeting, they reviewed the historical relations between the two brotherly countries, prospects for bilateral cooperation, and ways to develop it in various fields, in addition to discussing developments in the regional and international situations. On the other hand, His Highness the Crown Prince and Prime Minister received a phone call the first day before yesterday from His Excellency Mr. Christopher Starmer, the British Prime Minister. During the call, the British Prime Minister praised the Kingdom’s important role in hosting the US-Russian dialogue. During the call, they discussed developments in the Gaza Strip and their security and political repercussions. The call also reviewed efforts to resolve the Ukrainian crisis. His Royal Highness the Crown Prince and the British Prime Minister also reviewed a number of areas of cooperation between the two countries and ways to develop it. His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, received a phone call the day before yesterday from His Excellency President Emmanuel Macron, President of the French Republic. During the call, they discussed developments in the region, most notably the resumption of the Israeli aggression on Gaza and the efforts made to stop the attacks and protect civilians. The French President noted the Kingdom’s sponsorship of the US-Russian dialogue and the discussions on resolving the crisis in Ukraine. They also discussed a number of topics of common interest.

Enhancing the pilgrims’ experience

Khaled Al-Rabish

Since its founding, and until today, the Kingdom has been proud of the honor of serving the Two Holy Mosques, and serving their pilgrims, Umrah performers, and visitors, ensuring their security and safety, and providing all services that facilitate their performance of their rituals with ease and comfort in an atmosphere of faith, achieving comfort, reassurance, and tranquility. Because of these services, the Kingdom and its leaders have always garnered much international acclaim, praising their superior ability to organize millions of pilgrims and provide them with security and safety. The Kingdom did not receive these accolades for nothing, but rather from its constant keenness to complete development projects, witnessed by the two Holy Mosques and the holy sites on a permanent basis, aimed at improving the experience of the Swords of the Most Merciful inside the holy places, and helping them spend enjoyable times, the details of which they will not forget throughout their lives, through the introduction of new services that facilitate the performance of their rituals and worship. This reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to Vision 2030, which aims to facilitate the journey of pilgrims and make it more comfortable and smooth. As is its custom during the month of Ramadan every year, the Kingdom seeks to improve the experience of pilgrims by creating new, quality services and developing the infrastructure. This Ramadan, the Grand Mosque has witnessed many developments introduced by the Kingdom to serve pilgrims. The first of these developments is the expansion of ports and the provision of modern, air-conditioned means of transportation to transport pilgrims between Makkah and Madinah, and the last is the opening of parts of the new expansion of the Grand Mosque as part of King Abdullah’s expansion of the Grand Mosque. The state has crowned its services to pilgrims by improving their experience with technology, through the provision of interactive maps and the enhancement of augmented reality, which helps them navigate within the Grand Mosque and service areas with ease, and reduces cases of loss and confusion. This is in addition to activating artificial intelligence systems and investing in data analysis and predicting levels of congestion within the Grand Mosque and Mas’a, which helps the competent authorities direct crowds and organize the movement of pilgrims efficiently. The Kingdom’s great efforts to serve pilgrims, Umrah performers, and visitors remain a principle it adheres to and does not deviate from, and it harnesses all its material, human, and technical capabilities. This principle prompts the Swords of the Most Merciful to express their gratitude to the Kingdom and its leaders for the generous hospitality and good treatment they receive from the moment they set foot on the Kingdom’s soil until they leave it safe and sound.

The “Good Regions” campaign 2 exceeds 1.4 billion riyals.

The “Good Regions” campaign has exceeded 1.4 billion riyals in total donations and agreements, confirming the significant response to the initiative aimed at providing adequate housing for deserving families across the Kingdom. The campaign received generous support from the wise leadership, with the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – donating 100 million riyals, and His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister – may God protect him – donating 50 million riyals, confirming the leadership’s keenness to support national initiatives aimed at empowering families and achieving housing stability. His Excellency the Minister of Municipalities and Housing, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Sakani Foundation, Mr. Majid bin Abdullah Al-Hogail, expressed his pride in this national achievement, noting that the “Good Regions” campaign’s reaching 1.4 billion riyals reflects the deep cohesion between the leadership and society, and everyone’s keenness to support sustainable development work, which contributes to achieving the goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 in empowering families and enhancing the quality of life and housing stability. For his part, the Secretary General of the National Development Housing Foundation (Sakn), Abdulaziz Al-Kraidis, affirmed that this achievement reflects the strength of community giving and the extent of society’s awareness of the importance of contributing to improving the quality of life of deserving families. He explained that the campaign embodies the commitment of various government and private sectors and civil society to promoting charitable and housing work, and emphasized the Sakn Foundation’s continued strengthening of partnerships to ensure the sustainability of these initiatives and achieve more accomplishments that contribute to empowering families deserving of housing and improving their quality of life. He added that this success reflects the pivotal role played by the “Wad Al-Iskan” platform, one of the initiatives of the private housing development foundation “Sakan.”

The last ten days of Ramadan raise Makkah hotel occupancy by 10%

Mecca – Hani Al-Lahyani

A clear case of hotel activity is being experienced by the hotels of Makkah Al-Mukarramah these days, coinciding with the last ten days of the blessed month of Ramadan this year. Taking advantage of the advantage of time and the sanctity of the place, where wages double, the demand for hotels in Makkah Al-Mukarramah has increased significantly compared to the rate of demand during the same period last year. The manager of a five-star hotel in Umm Al-Qura, Muhammad Al-Thabeti, said that the addition of hotel rooms to the Jabal Omar Hotel Complex, and the introduction of new four- and three-star hotel rooms to the Mecca hotel market, has increased the demand for hotel rooms. He indicated that the awareness of guests of the size, quality, and level of services they need has contributed to hotel competition. Al-Thabeti estimated the expected occupancy rate of rooms at 85% over the decade in five-star hotel rooms, describing the demand for hotel rooms in Mecca as “very high.” Al-Thabaiti explained that the qualitative leaps witnessed by the Saudi hospitality market, with the new regulations and legislation, by the Ministry of Tourism teams, the ongoing consultations and discussions, and the acquired expertise, have clearly contributed to improving hotel services in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and enriching the experience of the Swords of the Most Merciful, in a different and distinctive way. He indicated that the number of hotel rooms in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, in all its categories, is expected to exceed 300,000 rooms. There are factors that determine the prices of hotel rooms in Makkah Al-Mukarramah of various categories, including the level of services, the hotel’s location and proximity to the courtyards of the Grand Mosque, its view of the Kaaba and the Grand Mosque, ease of entry and exit, and the availability of services typically needed by pilgrims. The increasing growth in hotel rooms in Makkah reflects the ongoing efforts made by the Ministry of Tourism to improve the quality of services provided to pilgrims and to ensure that hospitality facilities adhere to the necessary standards and licenses.

Gold declines as trade tensions weigh on Gulf stocks

Jubail Industrial City – Ibrahim Al-Ghamdi

Gold fell 1% at the close last week, due to a strong dollar and profit-taking, although continued geopolitical and economic uncertainty, and the possibility of an interest rate cut by the US Federal Reserve, kept the yellow metal on track for a third consecutive weekly gain. Spot gold fell 1% to $3,015.43 per ounce at 1:43 p.m. ET (17:43 GMT). US gold futures settled down 0.7% at $3,021.40. The price of gold has risen 1% so far this week. In the stock market, external factors, including geopolitical developments and general economic uncertainty, continued to weigh on the metal.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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This collection of articles from the Saudi Arabian newspaper Al Riyadh covers a diverse range of topics. Several pieces highlight Saudi Arabia’s efforts in facilitating and enhancing the experience for Umrah pilgrims, detailing increased numbers, technological improvements, and community volunteer initiatives aligning with Vision 2030. Another significant theme explores the growing influence of artificial intelligence in sports, particularly soccer, impacting talent scouting, player performance analysis, and refereeing. Other articles touch on cultural heritage, such as Saudi architectural styles, historical sites like Qasr Al-Hukm station in Riyadh, and the preservation of traditional foods. International relations and political analysis are also present, with discussions on potential shifts in US foreign policy towards Russia and the United Nations, as well as the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.

The Intersection of Tradition and Technology in Saudi Arabia: A Study Guide

Quiz

1. According to the article, what was the unprecedented number of Umrah pilgrims in Saudi Arabia during the year 1445 AH, and what does this achievement reflect?
2. Mention three specific examples of how technology is being utilized to improve the Umrah experience for pilgrims, as described in the provided text.
3. What is the significance of the King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) in Dhahran, and what are some of its key features mentioned in the source?
4. Describe the role of women in serving pilgrims during the Hajj and Umrah seasons, according to the information presented in the articles.
5. What are the objectives of the “Guest of Allah Service Program,” launched under Saudi Vision 2030, and what is its target for the annual capacity of Umrah pilgrims by 2030?
6. Explain the purpose and function of the “smart robots” being deployed in the Haramain (the holy mosques in Mecca and Medina).
7. What is the Haramain High-Speed Railway, and how does it contribute to the comfort and convenience of pilgrims traveling between Mecca and Medina?
8. According to the article, what is the significance of the Qasr Al-Hukm district in Riyadh, and what historical and administrative landmarks are located there?
9. Discuss the trend of volunteer work in Mecca and Medina, particularly during Ramadan, and provide an example of a volunteer initiative mentioned in the text.
10. What does the article suggest about the future of the Umrah experience in relation to technology and digitalization, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030?

Quiz Answer Key

1. In 1445 AH, Saudi Arabia achieved an unprecedented number of over 16 million 924 thousand Umrah pilgrims. This reflects the Kingdom’s dedicated efforts to increase the capacity for pilgrims and facilitate their performance of the rituals.
2. Three examples include the use of smart robots for guidance and sterilization in the Haramain, the development of smart transport applications like Uber and Careem, and the implementation of AI-powered data analysis to manage crowd flow in holy sites.
3. The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) in Dhahran is described as a unique architectural masterpiece and a vibrant hub for culture, creativity, and cross-cultural exchange. It houses a museum, library, cinema, theater, and various other facilities aimed at enriching the cultural landscape.
4. Women play a pivotal role in providing services to the Guests of Allah during Hajj and Umrah, actively participating in organizing the movement of pilgrims and managing crowds in Mecca and Medina. This reflects the significant development in empowering women in Saudi Arabia in line with Vision 2030.
5. The “Guest of Allah Service Program” aims to facilitate the hosting of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims, ease their arrival to the Two Holy Mosques, enrich their religious and cultural experience, and provide high-quality services. The program targets raising the annual capacity to 30 million Umrah pilgrims by 2030.
6. The smart robots in the Haramain serve multiple purposes: providing guidance and information to pilgrims in various languages, sterilizing the holy sites, and distributing Zamzam water to pilgrims efficiently, reducing crowding around distribution points.
7. The Haramain High-Speed Railway is a rapid and comfortable transportation system connecting Mecca and Medina. It significantly reduces travel time and alleviates traffic congestion on land routes, enhancing the overall travel experience for pilgrims.
8. The Qasr Al-Hukm district is the historical, political, and administrative heart of Riyadh, serving as the primary seat of government for the Second and Third Saudi States. It houses significant landmarks such as the Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque, Al-Thumairi Street, and Al-Zal Souq, along with various government bodies.
9. There is a significant trend of volunteer work in Mecca and Medina, especially during Ramadan, with numerous individuals and organizations contributing to serving pilgrims. For example, the General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques announced the provision of 10.8 million iftar meals for fasting individuals in the Haramain during Ramadan.
10. The article suggests that the future Umrah experience will be increasingly seamless, relying fully on artificial intelligence and digitalization, in line with Vision 2030. Continuous technological advancements are expected to bring further improvements that comprehensively cover various technical aspects of the pilgrimage.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the ways in which Saudi Vision 2030 is driving technological advancements and infrastructure development to enhance the experience of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. Discuss the key initiatives and their intended impact on the efficiency, comfort, and safety of these religious journeys.
2. Evaluate the significance of cultural and historical sites, such as the King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) and the Qasr Al-Hukm district, in the context of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to preserve its heritage while promoting modernization. How do these sites contribute to the Kingdom’s identity and its appeal to both local and international audiences?
3. Discuss the evolving role of women in Saudi Arabia, as reflected in their increasing participation in serving pilgrims and contributing to various sectors aligned with Vision 2030. How does their involvement impact the overall quality and inclusivity of services provided during Hajj and Umrah?
4. Examine the increasing reliance on artificial intelligence and digital technologies in managing and improving the Umrah pilgrimage. What are the potential benefits and challenges of this technological integration, and how might it shape the future of religious tourism in Saudi Arabia?
5. Assess the role of volunteerism and community engagement in supporting and facilitating the Umrah experience, particularly during peak seasons like Ramadan. How do these grassroots efforts complement the official initiatives in ensuring a positive and spiritually enriching journey for pilgrims?

Glossary of Key Terms

• Umrah: A voluntary Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that can be performed at any time of the year, unlike the Hajj which has specific dates.
• Haramain: An Arabic term referring to the two holy mosques in Islam: Masjid al-Haram (the Grand Mosque in Mecca) and Masjid an-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina).
• Saudi Vision 2030: A strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia with the goal of diversifying its economy, developing public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism, and enhancing the quality of life for its citizens and residents.
• Guest of Allah Service Program: An initiative under Saudi Vision 2030 aimed at improving the experience of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims by facilitating their arrival, providing high-quality services, and enriching their religious and cultural journey.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
• Digitalization: The process of converting information into a digital format. In the context of the articles, it refers to the increasing use of digital technologies to manage and enhance various aspects of the Umrah experience.
• Smart Robots: Robots equipped with AI and sensors that can perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously, such as providing information, sterilization, and distribution of resources.
• Haramain High-Speed Railway: A high-speed train service connecting the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, designed to provide দ্রুত and удобное transportation for pilgrims and visitors.
• Qasr Al-Hukm: A historical district in Riyadh that holds significant political, administrative, and cultural importance, having been the seat of rule for the Second and Third Saudi States.
• Volunteerism: The practice of offering one’s time and services without pay, often for the benefit of the community or a specific cause, such as assisting Umrah pilgrims.

Briefing Document: Analysis of Provided Sources

Date: October 26, 2023 (Based on the latest date mentioned in the text – March 2025 is in the future, assuming analysis in late 2023 or early 2024) Prepared For: [Intended Audience – e.g., Internal Team, Stakeholders] Subject: Review of Articles from Al-Riyadh Newspaper Focusing on Umrah Enhancements, Social and Economic Developments in Saudi Arabia, and International Affairs.

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the Al-Riyadh newspaper. The articles cover a diverse range of topics, with a significant focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to enhance the Umrah experience, alongside discussions on social, economic, and international developments.

I. Unprecedented Numbers and Technological Advancements in Umrah Services:

A significant portion of the articles highlights the record-breaking number of Umrah pilgrims in 1445 AH (Islamic year), exceeding 16.9 million. This achievement is attributed to the Kingdom’s continuous efforts to facilitate the pilgrimage, aligning with the Vision 2030 goals.

Key Themes and Ideas:

• Record-Breaking Numbers: The articles repeatedly emphasize the “historic and unprecedented number” of Umrah pilgrims. Quote: “حققت المملكة العربية السعودية رقًما تاريخًيا غير مسبوقًا في أعداد المعتمرين خالل عام 1445، وتجاوز 16 مليونا 924 ألف معتمًرا أدى مناسك العمرة.” (The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has achieved a historic and unprecedented number in the number of Umrah pilgrims during the year 1445, exceeding 16 million 924 thousand pilgrims who performed the rituals of Umrah.)
• Vision 2030 Alignment: The enhancements in Umrah services are explicitly linked to the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, particularly the “Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program.” This program aims to “facilitate the hosting of pilgrims and ease their arrival to the Two Holy Mosques, provide high-quality services, enrich their religious and cultural experience,” and increase the accommodation capacity to 15 million pilgrims annually by 2025.
• Technological Integration: A major focus is on the introduction and expansion of technological solutions to improve the Umrah experience. Examples include:
• Robots: Deployment of robots in the Holy Mosque of Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah for guidance, information in multiple languages, sterilization, and distribution of Zamzam water. Quote: “تم تفعيل الروبوتات لتعقيم الحرم وُتستخدم الروبوتات في عمليات التعقيم المستمر داخل الحرم، ما يُساعد في الحفاظ على بيئة نظيفة وصحية.” (Robots have been activated to sterilize the Haram, and robots are used in continuous sterilization operations inside the Haram, which helps in maintaining a clean and healthy environment.)
• Smart Transportation: Development of the Haramain High-Speed Railway, ride-sharing applications (Uber, Careem), smart bus services, and smart parking systems to facilitate the movement of pilgrims. Quote: “الذي يوفر وسيلة نقل سريعة ومريحة بين مكة المكرمة والمدينة المنورة، مما يقلل من وقت السفر ويخفف الزحام على الطرق البرية.” (Which provides a fast and comfortable means of transportation between Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Madinah Al-Munawwarah, reducing travel time and alleviating congestion on land routes.)
• Data Analysis and AI: Utilizing big data analytics from smart cameras and sensors to manage crowds efficiently and reduce congestion in holy sites. Development of virtual Hajj and Umrah plans and AI-powered chatbots to provide instant answers to pilgrims’ inquiries in multiple languages. Quote: “يتم جمع وتحليل بيانات المعتمرين من خلال الكاميرات الذكية وأجهزة الاستشعار، ما يسمح بإدارة تدفق الحشود بكفاءة وتقليل الازدحام في الأماكن المقدسة.” (Pilgrim data is collected and analyzed through smart cameras and sensors, allowing for efficient crowd flow management and reduced congestion in holy places.)
• Electronic Payments and Identification: Implementation of digital solutions for financial transactions and residency, reducing reliance on cash.
• Sustainability Initiatives: Introduction of solar energy in some facilities of the Holy Mosque, smart air conditioning systems to conserve energy, and intelligent waste management systems. Quote: “وهي تقنيات الطاقة الشمسية التي مت تشغيلها في بعض مرافق الحرم المكي بالطاقة الشمسية لتقليل استهلاك الطاقة التقليدية والحفاظ على البيئة.” (These are solar energy technologies that have been implemented in some facilities of the Holy Mosque using solar power to reduce traditional energy consumption and preserve the environment.)
• Improved Experiences: The overarching goal of these advancements is to “improve the experience of Umrah pilgrims,” making it “more comfortable, easier, safer, and spiritually enriching.” Quote: “إن التطور التقني المستمر في إدارة خدمات العمرة يعكس التزام المملكة بتحسين تجربة الزوار، ويؤكد حرصها على تسهيل أداء المناسك وجعلها أكثر راحة وأماناً.” (The continuous technological development in the management of Umrah services reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to improving the visitor experience and affirms its keenness to facilitate the performance of rituals and make them more comfortable and safer.)
• Nusk Platform: The launch of the “Nusk” platform is highlighted as a significant initiative providing various services to facilitate the pilgrim’s journey from planning to performing the rituals. Quote: “وكذلك إطلاق منصة نسك التي قدمت هذه المنصة الرقمية العديد من الخدمات لتسهيل رحلة ضيوف الرحمن، بدءًا من التخطيط وحتى أداء المناسك.” (Likewise, the launch of the Nusk platform, which this digital platform provided many services to facilitate the journey of the Guests of Al-Rahman, starting from planning until performing the rituals.)

II. Community Engagement and Volunteerism in Supporting Pilgrims:

The articles also emphasize the strong community involvement and the significant role of volunteer work in serving the pilgrims.

Key Themes and Ideas:

• Active Community Participation: The local Saudi community is described as being in a “constant competitive race to support the Umrah sector and serve the pilgrims.” Quote: “سباق تنافسي مجتمعي لدعم وتسهيل العمرة” (A competitive societal race to support and facilitate Umrah).
• Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program’s Impact: This program has “activated the energies of society and sharpened the determination of its sons and daughters” to cater to the needs of pilgrims. Quote: “إذ عمل البرنامج على تفعيل طاقات المجتمع، وشحذ همم أبنائه وسواعدهم حتى يجد القادم سواء كان حاجًا أم معتمرا أو زائرًا ما يحوز رضاه ويلبي احتياجاته.” (As the program worked to activate the energies of society, and sharpened the determination of its sons and daughters so that the newcomer, whether a pilgrim, Umrah performer, or visitor, finds what satisfies him and meets his needs.)
• Volunteer Initiatives: Numerous examples of volunteer efforts are provided, including:
• General Administration for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques opening doors for volunteer work.
• Providing 10.8 million iftar meals for fasting individuals in Ramadan. Quote: “ومن بين الأعمال التطوعية في هذا العام إعلان الهيئة العامة للعناية بشؤون المسجد الحرام والمسجد النبوي، عن تقديم أكثر من 10.8 ملايين وجبة إفطار للصائمين منذ بداية شهر رمضان وحتى منتصفه.” (Among the volunteer works this year is the announcement by the General Authority for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, about providing more than 10.8 million iftar meals for those fasting since the beginning of Ramadan until its middle.)
• Distributing water and dates.
• “Ikram Association” preserving leftover iftar meals through the “Jad Biha” initiative. Quote: “ومن الأمثلة أيضًا على تلك الأعمال قيام جمعية إكرام بحفظ وتوزيع فائض وجبات الإفطار من ساحات المسجد الحرام والمسجد النبوي.” (Among the examples of these works is also the Ikram Association’s preservation and distribution of surplus iftar meals from the courtyards of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque.)
• “Shifa Charity Association” providing health services in the holy area, including iftar meals and kidney dialysis sessions.
• The Saudi Arabian Scouts Association’s volunteer camp providing guidance and support to pilgrims. Quote: “وقد أسهم 295 كشافًا وقائدًا وشابًا في تقديم الخدمة للمعتمرين، والتوجيه والإرشاد بكثافة في المسجد الحرام والساحات، ومساندة الجهات المختلفة.” (295 scouts, leaders, and young men contributed to providing services to the pilgrims, and intensive guidance and direction in the Grand Mosque and its courtyards, and supporting various entities.)
• Focus on Quality and Safety: Volunteer efforts are conducted according to clear organizational standards to ensure the safety and comfort of visitors. Quote: “وقد أشار إلى أن عمليات التوزيع تمت وفق معايير تنظيمية واضحة تهدف إلى ضمان سلامة الزوار ومرونة تقديم الخدمة في المواقع المخصصة للإفطار داخل الحرمين وساحاتهما.” (He pointed out that the distribution operations were carried out according to clear organizational standards aimed at ensuring the safety of visitors and the flexibility of service delivery at the sites designated for iftar within the Two Holy Mosques and their courtyards.)
• Cooperation with Government Entities: Volunteer initiatives are often conducted in coordination with government ministries and non-profit organizations.

III. The Riyadh Metro Project – Qasr Al-Hukm Station:

Another significant topic covered is the Qasr Al-Hukm station, a key central station in the Riyadh Metro project.

Key Themes and Ideas:

• Strategic Location and Connectivity: The station is located in the heart of Riyadh, connecting the blue and orange lines of the metro network, making it a “vital hub” for transportation. Quote: “ُتَعدُّ محطة قصر الحكم واحدة من أهم المحطات الرئيسة في مشروع قطار الرياض، وتقع في قلب العاصمة، ما يجعلها مركزًا حيويًا يربط بين المسارين الأزرق والبرتقالي لشبكة القطار.” (Qasr Al-Hukm station is one of the most important main stations in the Riyadh Metro project, located in the heart of the capital, making it a vital center connecting the blue and orange lines of the train network.)
• Part of Urban Development: Its construction is not just a transportation project but also part of a broader vision to develop downtown Riyadh, integrating heritage, economy, and social life. Quote: “وإنشاؤها لم يكن مجرد مشروع نقل، بل هو جزء من رؤية تطوير وسط الرياض، حيث ُتعد المنطقة شريانًا حيويًا للمدينة مما يجعل وجود المحطة يجمع بين التراث، والاقتصاد، والحياة الاجتماعية.” (Its establishment was not just a transportation project, but it is part of the vision to develop downtown Riyadh, where the area is considered a vital artery of the city, making the presence of the station combine heritage, economy, and social life.)
• Modern Design and Facilities: The station features a modern design that integrates traditional elements, natural lighting, shaded areas, commercial spaces, retail stores, a garden, and art installations. Quote: “ويتميز تصميمها بدمج العناصر التقليدية والحديثة في أجزائها بطريقة تسمح بالإنارة الطبيعية للضوء الداخلية، مع توفير مساحات مظللة تسهم في راحة الركاب.” (Its design is characterized by the integration of traditional and modern elements in its parts in a way that allows for natural lighting of the interior, with the provision of shaded areas that contribute to the comfort of passengers.)
• Enhanced Accessibility: The station provides direct links to the bus network, facilitating access to different parts of Riyadh and other areas.
• Historical Significance of the Location: The Qasr Al-Hukm area holds significant historical, political, and administrative importance as the historical heart of Riyadh and the seat of government during the Second and Third Saudi States. It also houses important landmarks like the Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque and Al-Zal Souq. Quote: “أهمية تاريخية التي قصر الحكم منطقة المحطة في وقوع ذلك ويعزز ُتعتبر القلب التاريخي والسياسي والإداري لمدينة الرياض.” (The historical importance of the Qasr Al-Hukm area where the station is located reinforces the fact that it is considered the historical, political, and administrative heart of the city of Riyadh.)
• Contribution to Economic Activity: The development of the station is expected to boost economic and commercial activity in downtown Riyadh.

IV. Trends in Gold Markets:

An article discusses the increased demand for gold in Riyadh’s markets, particularly with the approach of Eid Al-Fitr, despite rising prices.

Key Themes and Ideas:

• Increased Demand During Ramadan: Gold and jewelry markets in Riyadh experience a notable surge in buying activity during the month of Ramadan. Quote: “حيث تشهد أسواق الذهب خلال شهر رمضان هذا نشاطًا ملحوظًا في شراء الذهب والمجوهرات.” (As the gold markets witness remarkable activity in the purchase of gold and jewelry during this month of Ramadan.)
• Factors Influencing Gold Prices: Several factors influence gold prices during this period, including increased demand for jewelry as gifts for occasions like Eid and weddings, as well as fluctuations in global markets.
• Gold as a Safe Haven: Gold is considered a safe haven asset, prompting many investors to turn to it during times of economic and political uncertainty and currency fluctuations.
• Popularity of Specific Items: Fine and delicate gold pieces are particularly popular among women.
• Ministry of Commerce Monitoring: The Ministry of Commerce and Investment emphasizes its monitoring of gold and jewelry markets to ensure consumer protection, including verifying invoice details.

V. Real Estate Market Trends in Saudi Arabia:

An article examines the continued rise in real estate prices in the Kingdom over the past four years, linked to high demand and government-supported housing projects.

Key Themes and Ideas:

• Sustained Price Increases: Real estate prices in Saudi Arabia have been on an upward trend for four consecutive years and are expected to continue in major cities during 2025 if the supply of projects remains constant.
• Demand Drivers: The high demand is attributed to the success of government-backed residential projects, evolving financing options, and flexible loan programs offered by banks. Quote: “مرتبط والنمو المتنامي الكبير بالطلب وجاح المشاريع السكنية المدعومة حكوميًا باستهلاكني من جذب اهتمام الم وإقبالهم.” (Linked to the large and growing demand and the success of government-supported residential projects in attracting the attention and demand of consumers.)
• Significant Potential Spending: Research indicates a substantial amount of liquid assets among Saudi citizens and residents ready to be spent on real estate. Quote: “وكشفت أبحاث »نايت فرانك« عن وجود 2.75 مليار ريال من الرأ المال الخاص المحتمل بين المواطنين السعوديني )2.6 مليار ريال( والمقيمين في السعودية جاهزة للإنفاق على العقارات السكنية ضمن المشاريع الضخمة في المملكة )133.7 مليون ريال(.” (Knight Frank research revealed the existence of 2.75 billion riyals of potential private capital among Saudi citizens (2.6 billion riyals) and residents in Saudi Arabia ready to be spent on residential real estate within the mega-projects in the Kingdom (133.7 million riyals).)
• Government Initiatives: Programs like “Sakani” and the expansion of housing projects by the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing are contributing to the market.
• Real Estate as Investment: Rising property prices may further incentivize investment in the real estate sector.
• Vision 2030 Integration: The real estate development aligns with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals.
• Easing Regulations: Government efforts to facilitate real estate financing through updated regulations and decisions are supporting homeownership.
• Global Factors: Declining global interest rates are also expected to contribute to affordability.
• Demographic Factors: A young and growing population further fuels the demand for housing.
• Saudi Architecture Map: The Saudi Architecture Map contributes to achieving Vision 2030’s quality of life targets and enhances the cultural, tourism, and economic standing of Saudi cities by reflecting the architectural styles of different geographical regions. Quote: “وتساهم خريطة العمارة السعودية، في تحقيق مستهدفات جودة وتحسين الحضري المشهد تطوير في ،2030 رؤية الحياة، الأمر الذي يعزز من مكانة المدن السعودية من النواحي الثقافية والسياحية والاقتصادية.” (The Saudi Architecture Map contributes to achieving the quality of life goals of Vision 2030 and improving the development of the urban landscape, which enhances the cultural, tourism, and economic standing of Saudi cities.)

VI. International Affairs:

The provided excerpts also touch upon several international issues:

• Ukraine Conflict and a Potential “Metals Deal”: An article discusses a potential deal between the US and Ukraine involving Ukraine’s mineral wealth in exchange for debt relief and security guarantees. The deal, potentially favored by former President Trump, faces skepticism regarding its fairness and long-term implications for Ukraine’s resources. The article notes that the situation in Gaza is a more pressing humanitarian crisis. Quote (regarding Gaza): “ما يحدث في مأساة غزة هو مأساة إنسانية بكل المقاييس، ولا يمكن السكوت عنها، والمجتمع الدولي لا يحرك ساكنًا، وقد يؤدي فالسكوت عن تلك المأساة إلى ما هو أسوأ.” (What is happening in the tragedy of Gaza is a humanitarian tragedy by all measures, and it cannot be ignored, and the international community is not taking any action, and silence about that tragedy may lead to something worse.)
• Trump’s Potential Rapprochement with Russia: The article notes a perceived shift in former President Trump’s approach towards Russia, suggesting a potential for closer ties. This is compared to Nixon’s surprising opening to China in 1972.
• Musk’s Support for US Withdrawal from the UN: Billionaire Elon Musk expressed support for the idea of the United States withdrawing from the United Nations and potentially NATO, echoing sentiments of some Republican figures who view the UN as ineffective or contrary to US interests. This contrasts with the UN’s historical role in maintaining the international order. The US’s financial contributions and long-standing debts to the UN are also mentioned. Quote (Musk’s tweet): “”إن الوقت قد حان للولايات المتحدة لأن تتخذ قرار الانسحاب من حلف شمال الأطلسي… والوكالات التابعة للأمم المتحدة، ووكالة الإغاثة الفلسطينية الأونروا.”” (“The time has come for the United States to make the decision to withdraw from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization… and the UN agencies, and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).”)
• China’s Role in Conflict Resolution: China’s potential role in facilitating negotiations between Russia and Ukraine and assisting in post-war reconstruction is briefly mentioned, highlighting China’s growing international influence. Quote: “وقال تساو تشنغ: »يمكن لبكين أن تلعب دورًا في دوريات السلام التابعة للأمم المتحدة، والمساعدة في عمليات حفظ السلام، وبعد الحرب يمكنها الاستفادة من المزايا التنافسية الصينية في إعادة إعمار البلاد«.” (Tsao Cheng said: “Beijing can play a role in UN peacekeeping patrols, assist in peacekeeping operations, and after the war, it can leverage China’s competitive advantages in the country’s reconstruction.”)
• UN Investigation into Gaza: A UN investigation accused Israel of committing “acts of extermination” in Gaza through the systematic destruction of health and reproductive facilities and hindering aid delivery. These accusations were strongly refuted by the Israeli Prime Minister. Quote (UN accusation): “أعمال ارتكبت إسرائيل إبادة في قطاع غزة عبر التدمير المنهجي للمنشآت الصحية والإنجابية.” (Israel committed acts of extermination in the Gaza Strip through the systematic destruction of health and reproductive facilities.)

VII. Other Notable Points:

• The Role of Women: An article highlights the pivotal role of women in serving pilgrims during Hajj and Umrah, reflecting the significant advancements in women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030. Quote: “اليوم تتجول المرأة في ساحات الحرم المكي الشريف والمسجد النبوي بسهولة وتنظيم لاستقبال المسلمين والمعتمرين، وتشكل المرأة دورًا محوريًا في تقديم الخدمات لضيوف الرحمن في مكة المكرمة والمدينة المنورة.” (Today, women move around the courtyards of the Holy Mosque in Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque easily and in an organized manner to receive Muslims and pilgrims, and women play a pivotal role in providing services to the guests of Al-Rahman in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Madinah Al-Munawwarah.)
• Development of Historical and Cultural Sites: Efforts are underway to develop numerous historical and cultural sites to enrich the experience of pilgrims.
• Ramadan Traditions: An article touches upon the linguistic and historical significance of the month of Ramadan in Arabic literature.
• Philanthropic Efforts: The tradition of seeking God’s forgiveness and the importance of supplication are mentioned in the context of Ramadan.
• Architectural Identity: The launch of the “Saudi Architecture Map” encompassing 19 styles inspired by the Kingdom’s geographical and cultural characteristics signifies the importance of preserving and celebrating national architectural identity. Quote (Crown Prince’s decision): “صدور قرار سمو ولي العهد الأمير محمد بن سلمان -حفظه الله- بإطلاق »خريطة العمارة السعودية« التي تشمل 19 طرازًا مستوحاة معماريًا من الخصائص الجغرافية والثقافية للمملكة.. يدل على مدى متابعته واتساع وإدراك رؤيته لأهمية التراث والهوية وخصوصية المكان والإنسان في متلازمة مستدامة تحمل إرثًا ومعنى.” (The issuance of the decision by His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman – may God protect him – to launch the “Saudi Architecture Map,” which includes 19 styles architecturally inspired by the geographical and cultural characteristics of the Kingdom… indicates the extent of his follow-up, breadth, and understanding of his vision for the importance of heritage, identity, and the specificity of place and people in a sustainable symbiosis that carries a legacy and meaning.)
• Art and Cultural Scene: An article discusses the passion and dedication of individuals in the Saudi cultural and literary scene.
• Obituary: The newspaper includes a notice of condolence for the passing of Khalid bin Mohammed Al-Shadi.
• Medical Advice: A dedicated section provides medical advice on common issues like scalp itching, excessive hair growth in women, and thigh sweating.
• Newborn Skin Development: An article explains the characteristics and development of a newborn’s skin.
• Artificial Intelligence in Football (Soccer): The increasing role of AI in football is discussed, starting with the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) system to reduce human errors in officiating. Developments like semi-automated offside technology and the potential for more autonomous digital referees in the future are mentioned. AI is also being used in talent scouting through applications like “AI Scout.” Quote (VAR adoption): “إذ أن نقطة التحول الكبرى في هذا المجال كانت في عام 2018، عندما تم اعتماد تقنية حكم الفيديو المساعد )VAR( رسميًا في كأس العالم الذي لُعب في روسيا.” (The major turning point in this field was in 2018, when the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology was officially adopted in the World Cup held in Russia.)
• Amateur Football Initiatives: The organization of Ramadan football tournaments is highlighted as a popular community activity.
• Martian Rocks: Research on Martian meteorites found on Earth suggests the presence of trapped gases matching the Martian atmosphere.
• Early Human Tool Use: A study indicates that human ancestors were crafting bone tools 1.5 million years ago.
• “Hagl Park” as a Tourist Destination: The “Hagl Park” in the Tabuk region is described as a beautiful tourist spot with palm trees and sea views.
• Saudi Arabia’s Ramadan Iftar Program in Jordan: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs organized iftar meals for fasting individuals in Jordan as part of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ program.
• Philosophical Reflection: An article explores the concept of existence and fragmentation.
• Sufi Concept: The idea of the believer’s constant need for God’s grace is discussed.
• Poetry and Literary Contributions: The passing of Saudi poet Abdullah Al-Asmari is noted, acknowledging his contributions to the literary scene. A review of a book on writing and literature by Moroccan author Nabil Moumen is also included.
• Street Photography: The historical significance and enduring appeal of Al-Thumairi Street in Riyadh are highlighted.

Conclusion:

The provided excerpts from Al-Riyadh newspaper offer a snapshot of various developments and discussions within Saudi Arabia and the wider international context. A significant focus is placed on the Kingdom’s ambitious Vision 2030, particularly its impact on enhancing the Umrah experience through technological innovation, infrastructure development, and community engagement. The articles also touch upon important social and economic trends within the Kingdom, as well as relevant international political and humanitarian issues.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Provided Sources

1. What was the significant achievement regarding Umrah pilgrims in the year 1445, and what factors contributed to this success? In the year 1445 AH, Saudi Arabia achieved a historic and unprecedented number of Umrah pilgrims, exceeding 16 million 924 thousand. This accomplishment reflects the Kingdom’s extensive efforts to increase the number of pilgrims and facilitate their performance of rituals. Key contributing factors include the ease of obtaining Umrah visas in record time and the launch of the Nusuk platform, which offers numerous services to streamline the pilgrim’s journey from planning to performing the rituals. Additionally, the development and rehabilitation of historical and cultural sites enhanced the overall experience.

2. How is technology being utilized to enhance the experience of Umrah pilgrims, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030? Technology plays a crucial role in improving the Umrah experience as part of Saudi Vision 2030. This includes the use of robots for guiding pilgrims, providing information in multiple languages, sanitizing the Haram, and distributing Zamzam water. Smart transportation solutions such as the Haramain High-Speed Railway, ride-sharing apps like Uber and Careem, and smart bus services facilitate movement between and within the holy cities. Furthermore, AI-powered systems analyze vast amounts of data from smart cameras and sensors to manage crowd flow efficiently, develop virtual Hajj and Umrah plans, and provide instant answers to pilgrims’ queries through chatbots.

3. What role do volunteers and community initiatives play in supporting Umrah pilgrims, particularly during Ramadan? Volunteers and community initiatives form a vital support system for Umrah pilgrims, especially during Ramadan. Numerous organizations and individuals dedicate their time and resources to ensure the comfort and safety of pilgrims. Examples include providing guidance, distributing meals (over 10.8 million iftar meals were provided in the Haramain during Ramadan), preserving leftover food through initiatives like “Jud Biha,” offering health services in the holy sites, and organizing camps that provide guidance and support. This collaborative effort reflects the Saudi community’s commitment to serving the guests of Allah.

4. What are some of the key features and historical significance of the Qasr Al Hokm Metro Station in Riyadh? The Qasr Al Hokm Metro Station is a central and vital hub in the Riyadh Metro project, connecting the Blue and Orange lines. Its construction is part of a broader vision to develop the downtown Riyadh area, linking heritage, economy, and social life. Historically, the area is significant as the primary seat of government during the Second and Third Saudi States. The station’s design blends traditional and modern elements, featuring natural lighting and shaded areas. It also includes commercial spaces, retail outlets, and artistic installations, enhancing its role as a transportation hub and a cultural and commercial destination near historical landmarks like Al-Zal Market and the redeveloped Al-Daho historical district.

5. What trends are observed in the gold and jewelry markets in Riyadh, especially leading up to Eid al-Fitr? The gold and jewelry markets in Riyadh typically witness increased activity leading up to Eid al-Fitr. Despite rising gold prices, there is a notable demand from shoppers for adornment, gifts, and investment purposes. Gold is seen as a safe haven during times of economic and political uncertainty. Retailers emphasize that finely crafted, delicate gold pieces are particularly popular among women. The Ministry of Commerce confirms active buying during Ramadan, influenced by increased social gatherings and upcoming celebrations.

6. What are the expectations for the growth of the housing market in Saudi Arabia in 2025, and what factors are driving this growth? The Saudi housing market is expected to continue its growth trajectory in 2025, with anticipated expenditure reaching 4.5 billion riyals. This growth is driven by a high and increasing demand for residential units, supported by government-backed housing projects, evolving financing options with flexible credit facilities from banks, and rising population growth, particularly among young people. Initiatives like the “Sakani” program, which aims to increase the supply of residential projects, also contribute significantly. Furthermore, the government’s focus on facilitating homeownership by reducing salary deductions for mortgage payments and collaborating with banks on lending further stimulates the market.

7. What is the significance of the “Saudi Architecture Map” initiative launched by the Crown Prince, and what are its objectives? The “Saudi Architecture Map,” encompassing 19 architectural styles inspired by the Kingdom’s geographical and cultural characteristics, signifies a deep appreciation for Saudi heritage and identity. Launched under the vision of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, it aims to preserve and celebrate the diverse architectural traditions across Saudi Arabia, from Najdi triangles inspired by desert tents to Ottoman and Maghrebi influences. The initiative intends to revive traditional styles using modern techniques, ensuring the continuity of aesthetic and historical values in buildings and urban spaces, while also aligning with Saudi Vision 2030’s goals for quality of life and urban development.

8. What is the controversy surrounding Elon Musk’s support for the US potentially withdrawing from the United Nations, and what are the arguments for and against US involvement in the UN? Elon Musk’s endorsement of a potential US withdrawal from the United Nations has sparked debate. Supporters of withdrawal, like some US congressmen, argue that the UN is a “catastrophe” for allies like Israel, promotes certain agendas they disagree with (such as climate hysteria), and involves significant financial contributions without proportionate benefit to US interests. They point to instances where US actions have bypassed UN authority, such as the 2003 invasion of Iraq, which led to criticism of the UN’s legitimacy and the US’s standing within it.

Conversely, the UN has historically played a central role in the international system since 1945, promoting US values and contributing to global stability. It provides a platform for multilateralism, cooperative security, and institutionalized relations. Critics of withdrawal warn that it would isolate the US, diminish Western influence, and potentially legitimize alternative security structures like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The US’s significant financial contributions to the UN, despite outstanding debts, underscore its role in the organization’s budget. The debate highlights differing views on the effectiveness and necessity of US engagement with international bodies.

Ramadan: Pilgrimage, Prayer, and Community

Ramadan observances involve a variety of practices and experiences, as highlighted in the sources.

The sources indicate that Ramadan is a significant time for Umrah pilgrimage. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed historically unprecedented numbers of Umrah pilgrims, exceeding 16 million in 1445 AH, reflecting the Kingdom’s efforts to accommodate and facilitate their performance of rituals. This includes technological advancements and services provided to enhance the Umrah experience as part of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program. The program aims to increase the hosting capacity for Umrah pilgrims to 15 million annually by this year. Facilitating the issuance of visas in record time and the launch of the “Nusk” platform have contributed to this increase in numbers. The “Nusk” platform offers various services to simplify the journey of pilgrims from planning to performing the rituals. During this month (likely Ramadan), the “Nusk” platform had over 13 million users from more than 190 countries.

Ramadan is described as a month filled with spiritual blessings and an atmosphere of faith that brings about changes in habits and rituals. This spiritual intensity is a reason why many Muslims prefer to perform Umrah during Ramadan due to its great virtue. The استقبال (reception) of Ramadan and the increased worship during it are noted.

The sources touch upon how Ramadan might affect other aspects of life, such as creative endeavors. Poets, for instance, might find themselves in a state of contemplation, potentially leading to a “fasting from creativity”. There’s a perspective suggesting that poetry, considered by some as “enticement,” takes a backseat during this sacred month when focus shifts towards the Quran and historical religious accounts. However, it is also acknowledged that Ramadan returns every year, and so does poetry. Daily routines change, and the perceived decrease in poetic activity might be linked to these shifts.

Prayer and supplication (Duaa) are emphasized during Ramadan. The act of asking from God is considered essential, and even if one feels in a good spiritual state, it does not negate the need for supplication. Sheikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah is quoted stating that a characteristic of a servant is to ask his Lord, and a characteristic of the Lord is to respond, thus thinking one is self-sufficient in asking from God goes against the essence of servitude (‘ubudiyyah).

Community initiatives also play a role during Ramadan. The “Aoun Al-Harameen” voluntary initiative, in partnership with community centers, aims to serve the guests of Al-Rahman during their spiritual journey by providing necessary support, including guidance, meals, and water distribution. This initiative reflects a competitive spirit within the Saudi local community to support the Umrah sector and serve pilgrims. The “Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program” itself was launched in Ramadan 1440 AH to enhance the volunteer work and services provided to pilgrims.

Finally, the source mentions that Thumairi Street becomes a central hub for Eid celebrations at the end of Ramadan, attracting crowds and creating lasting memories.

In summary, Ramadan observances as depicted in the sources include a significant increase in Umrah pilgrimages facilitated by the Kingdom’s efforts and technological platforms, a heightened spiritual atmosphere influencing daily life and potentially creative activities, a strong emphasis on prayer and supplication, community-driven initiatives to serve pilgrims, and the central role of certain locations in celebrating Eid at the month’s conclusion.

The Flourishing Pilgrimage: Developments in Umrah

Drawing on the sources and our previous conversation, Umrah pilgrimage is a significant religious practice with notable observances and developments highlighted.

The sources emphasize the remarkable increase in the number of Umrah pilgrims in recent times. In the year 1445 AH, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia achieved a historically unprecedented figure, with over 16 million 924 thousand pilgrims performing Umrah. This surge reflects the Kingdom’s dedicated efforts to accommodate and facilitate the growing number of pilgrims.

Several factors contribute to this facilitation, notably the strategic initiatives under Saudi Vision 2030 and the Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program. The core objectives of this program include easing the arrival of pilgrims to the Two Holy Mosques, improving the quality of services provided, and enriching their religious and cultural experiences. A key target of the program is to raise the annual hosting capacity for Umrah pilgrims to 15 million by this year. The development of 15 historical Islamic sites is also part of this vision.

Technology plays a crucial role in enhancing the Umrah experience. The “Nusk” platform stands out as a comprehensive digital platform that simplifies the entire pilgrimage journey, from initial planning to the performance of rituals. This includes facilitating the issuance of visas electronically in a short time, eliminating complex procedures and increasing the speed and ease of travel to the Kingdom. The “Nusk” app offers various services such as booking Umrah permits, diverse accommodation and transportation packages, and providing guidance through digital maps and multi-language guides. Notably, during a specific month (likely Ramadan as per our previous discussion), the “Nusk” platform had over 13 million users from more than 190 countries.

Beyond the “Nusk” platform, the Kingdom provides other technological services to improve the comfort and safety of pilgrims. These include a smart crowd indicator on the “Nusk” app to help pilgrims avoid peak times at the Grand Mosque. Smart golf carts have been introduced to assist the elderly and those with special needs in performing Tawaf and Sa’i with greater ease. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah also provides smart bracelets containing pilgrim data and facilitating emergency services.

The sources also highlight the spiritual significance of Umrah. It is considered an expiation for sins, as mentioned in a Hadith stating, “From one Umrah to another is an expiation for what is between them,” similar to how fire removes impurities from iron. The steps of Tawaf increase good deeds and erase sins. Furthermore, Sa’i between Al-Safa and Al-Marwa is a cause for Allah’s gratitude and reward for the servant’s actions. Umrah is a confirmed Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and can be performed at any time throughout the year, making it a popular choice for Muslims worldwide.

The Kingdom also ensures the provision of comprehensive services for pilgrims, including health and security services by specialized authorities. There is a focus on training personnel to ensure the highest levels of service for the safety and comfort of pilgrims. Modern and air-conditioned transportation is provided between Makkah and Madinah, contributing to the ease of movement for pilgrims.

Community involvement is another significant aspect of supporting Umrah. Initiatives such as the “Aoun Al-Harameen” voluntary initiative demonstrate a partnership with community centers to provide necessary support to pilgrims during their spiritual journey, including guidance, meals, and water. This reflects a continuous and competitive spirit within the local Saudi community to support the Umrah sector and serve the pilgrims. The “Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program” itself was launched in Ramadan 1440 AH to further enhance volunteer work and services for pilgrims.

Finally, the sources mention the ongoing development of infrastructure in the Two Holy Mosques, including the expansion of the Tawaf and Sa’i areas to accommodate larger numbers of pilgrims, as well as the provision of air conditioning systems and shaded areas within the Haramain. The active role of women in guiding and assisting pilgrims, particularly other women and the elderly, is also acknowledged. The Saudi government demonstrates a strong commitment to continuously improving the Umrah experience through modern technologies and the development of facilities and services.

Saudi Vision 2030: Transforming Religious Tourism and Heritage

Drawing upon the sources and our conversation history, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is a comprehensive framework with significant implications for various sectors, particularly those related to religious tourism and the Kingdom’s cultural heritage.

Enhancing the Umrah Experience: A central theme related to Vision 2030, evident in the sources, is the commitment to significantly enhance the experience of Umrah pilgrims. This is explicitly stated as a driving force behind the provision of new technologies and services for pilgrims each year. The Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program was launched within the framework of Vision 2030 with the specific goals of facilitating the hosting of Umrah pilgrims and easing their arrival to the Two Holy Mosques, alongside providing high-quality services and enriching their religious and cultural experience.

Increasing Pilgrim Capacity: A key quantitative target of Vision 2030, as highlighted in the context of Umrah, is to increase the annual hosting capacity for pilgrims to 15 million by the year 2025 and further to 30 million by 2030. This ambitious goal necessitates substantial improvements in infrastructure, services, and accessibility.

Leveraging Technology: Vision 2030 strongly emphasizes the role of technology in achieving its objectives, particularly in the context of Umrah. The “Nusk” platform is a prime example of this, serving as a comprehensive digital platform designed to simplify the entire Umrah journey from planning to the performance of rituals. The platform’s success, with over 13 million users from more than 190 countries in a single month (likely Ramadan), underscores the impact of this digital transformation. Furthermore, the sources mention the anticipated continuation of developing technological solutions to make Umrah a seamless experience fully reliant on artificial intelligence and digitization, aligning with Vision 2030.

Developing Historical and Cultural Sites: The sources indicate that Vision 2030 includes the development of 15 historical Islamic sites. This focus on cultural heritage aligns with a broader aim to enrich the experience of pilgrims and promote the Kingdom’s historical significance.

Community Involvement: Vision 2030 also seeks to harness the capabilities of the local community in serving pilgrims. The establishment of the “Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program” in Ramadan 1440 AH aimed to activate the potential of society and encourage volunteer work in providing services to pilgrims. This reflects a move towards greater community responsibility in supporting the goals of Vision 2030 related to religious tourism.

Preserving Architectural Heritage: In a related domain, the launch of the Saudi Architecture map by the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is presented as a significant initiative reflecting a deep interest in the Kingdom’s architectural heritage and identity. This initiative, encompassing 19 architectural styles inspired by the diverse geographical and cultural characteristics of the Kingdom, aligns with Vision 2030’s objectives of enhancing the scene of human life and preserving heritage. It aims to build cities with authentic and modern identities, blending originality and modernity in architectural design.

Improving Quality of Life: The Saudi Architecture map is also explicitly linked to achieving the targets of improving the quality of life within Vision 2030. By promoting distinctive architectural designs that reflect the identity of each geographical region, it contributes to creating vibrant communities and supporting the local cultural and tourism sectors.

Developing Human Capabilities: Although not explicitly detailed, the reference to developing human capabilities to achieve the goals of the Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program within the framework of Vision 2030 suggests a focus on training and preparing individuals to deliver high-quality services.

Strengthening the Kingdom’s Global Position: Ultimately, Vision 2030 aims to strengthen the Kingdom’s position as a leading destination for Muslims by providing exceptional experiences for Umrah and Hajj pilgrims.

In summary, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is a multifaceted plan that places a strong emphasis on transforming the Kingdom into a premier destination for religious tourism, leveraging technology, developing cultural heritage sites, engaging local communities, and preserving national identity through initiatives like the Saudi Architecture map, all while striving to improve the overall quality of life and strengthen the Kingdom’s global standing.

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Saudi Arabia

Drawing on the provided sources and our conversation history, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is presented as a rapidly evolving technology with diverse applications, particularly within Saudi Arabia.

The sources highlight the growing influence of AI across various sectors:

• Sports, specifically Football: AI is significantly impacting the world of football.
• The introduction of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in 2018 is a key example, where AI is used to analyze reviewed footage and provide referees with accurate viewing angles to make fairer decisions. The primary goal of this implementation was to reduce human errors that could affect match outcomes.
• Despite debates about whether AI might diminish the emotional and spontaneous aspects of the game, it is also seen as a crucial tool for talent scouting. The “AI Scout” app in London allows young talents to showcase their skills to professional clubs by uploading videos of themselves performing specific exercises, with AI analyzing their performance based on professional criteria. This provides scouts and coaches with precise data for talent identification.
• Beyond talent scouting, AI plays a vital role in maintaining players’ fitness. Technologies like “Kitman Labs”, “WHOOP”, and “Catapult” use AI to analyze players’ vital data such as heart rate and muscle fatigue, allowing medical teams to track their physical condition and prevent potential injuries by adjusting training loads. AI also contributes to analyzing game footage to accurately determine offside situations.
• Religious Tourism (Umrah and Hajj): AI is being leveraged to enhance the experience of pilgrims.
• Improving the Umrah experience through AI involves analyzing massive amounts of data for crowd management. This allows for efficient management of pilgrim flow and reduction of congestion in holy sites.
• AI is used in developing virtual Hajj and Umrah plans to design smart transportation routes that ensure ease of movement within the Haram.
• The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah provides virtual assistants (chatbots) powered by AI through smart chat applications, enabling pilgrims to ask questions and obtain information easily.
• Real Estate: AI is expected to play a role in the digital brokerage sector by raising the efficiency of those working in the field, potentially through training courses and professional certifications.
• Economy and Governance: AI is mentioned in a broader context as well.
• A particular meeting was described as being so innovative that it seemed like the work of artificial intelligence.
• Modern technologies such as AI are seen as a means to reduce business costs and enhance the clarity and transparency of zakat (Islamic alms) payments, with efforts underway to develop electronic systems in this area.

Our previous conversation highlighted Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which aims to integrate advanced technologies like AI across various sectors. The application of AI in enhancing the Umrah experience directly supports the goals of Vision 2030 to leverage technology for improving services and the overall pilgrim journey.

In conclusion, the sources present artificial intelligence as a transformative technology with existing and potential applications in diverse fields within Saudi Arabia, ranging from sports and religious tourism to real estate and broader economic activities. Its role in improving efficiency, decision-making, user experiences, and safety is consistently emphasized.

Saudi Architectural Heritage: Identity, Preservation, and Modernity

Drawing on the sources and our conversation history, the discussion of architectural heritage reveals a strong emphasis on its preservation and its role in reflecting Saudi Arabia’s identity and culture.

The sources highlight several key aspects of architectural heritage:

• Preservation and Modernity: There is a clear interest in blending authenticity and modernity in architectural design. Examples include the Qasr Al-Hukm metro station in Riyadh, which features an architectural design that combines originality and contemporary elements, drawing inspiration from “Salmani architecture principles”. This station is located in the historical heart of the city, aiming to enhance the area with prominent heritage landmarks. It is also seen as part of a broader vision for developing the center of Riyadh by integrating heritage, economy, and social life.
• Official Interest: The sources explicitly mention the official interest in Saudi architecture. This is further demonstrated by the launch of the Saudi Architecture map by the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. This initiative encompasses 19 architectural styles inspired by the Kingdom’s diverse geographical and cultural characteristics, signifying a commitment to preserving and showcasing this heritage.
• Regional Diversity: Saudi architecture is characterized by its diversity according to the different regions. For instance, Najdi Saudi architecture is detailed as reflecting the desert environment and the rich cultural heritage of the central region. Key features of this style include the significance of the “triangle” in its design, symbolizing fundamental values and inspired by the structure of tents. This style blends beauty and function, utilizing local materials like clay and adobe for thermal insulation and natural ventilation. The Western region’s architecture is noted for being influenced by the Hijazi Islamic style and the prevalent use of rawashin (wooden latticework).
• Symbolism and Identity: Architectural styles are seen as crucial for retaining the characteristics of identity and personality. The Saudi Architecture map initiative aims to build cities with authentic and modern identities, thereby strengthening the feeling of belonging and pride in the Saudi national identity. The preservation of these styles is considered vital for the study and analysis of human identity, formation, and relationship with place across different eras.
• Specific Examples of Preservation: The restoration of Al-Thumairi Street gate in Riyadh in the traditional style is mentioned as part of a project to develop the area and preserve the city’s historical character. Despite urban developments, Al-Thumairi Street has maintained its heritage identity and was redeveloped according to the Najdi architectural style to remain a prominent landmark in the Qasr Al-Hukm area.
• Link to Vision 2030: As discussed in our previous conversation, the launch of the Saudi Architecture map aligns with Vision 2030’s objectives of enhancing the scene of human life and preserving heritage [Me, You]. It also contributes to improving the quality of life by promoting distinctive architectural designs that reflect the identity of each geographical region [You].

In conclusion, the sources underscore the importance of architectural heritage in Saudi Arabia as a reflection of its diverse regional identities and rich cultural history. There is a concerted effort, exemplified by initiatives like the Saudi Architecture map and the restoration of historical sites, to preserve this heritage while also embracing modern architectural principles, aligning with the broader goals of Vision 2030.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia achieved an unprecedented historical number of pilgrims during the year 1445 AH, exceeding 16 million 924 thousand pilgrims who performed the Umrah rituals. This reflects the tireless efforts made by the Kingdom to increase the number of pilgrims and facilitate their performance of the rituals. Each year, the Kingdom provides new technical services to pilgrims to improve the Umrah experience. This comes within the framework of Saudi Vision 2030. The Kingdom launched the Swords of the Most Merciful Service Program with the aim of facilitating the hosting of pilgrims and facilitating their access to the Two Holy Mosques, providing high-quality services, and enriching their religious and cultural experience. The program aims to increase the capacity of Umrah pilgrims to 15 million pilgrims annually by this year, along with the development of 15 historical and cultural Islamic sites, and achieving an 85% satisfaction rate among pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims regarding the services provided. Among the prominent initiatives that contributed to achieving this record number are: Facilitating visa procedures in a record time period, which contributed to increasing the number of Umrah pilgrims from abroad, as well as launching the Nusuk platform. This digital platform provided many services to facilitate the journey of the Saif al-Rahman, from planning to performing the rituals. It also contributed to the development of historical and cultural sites and the rehabilitation and development of many archaeological destinations, and made it possible For pilgrims, Umrah is a unique faith and cultural experience. Umrah has a great status and benefits, including that God has linked it with Hajj, and commanded its completion and performance in the most perfect manner, seeking God’s pleasure. God Almighty says: “And complete the Hajj and Umrah for God.” It purifies from sins and reduces poverty and need. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “Perform Hajj and Umrah, for they remove poverty and sins just as a large amount of gold removes impurity from a young camel.” Umrah is one of the expiations for sins. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “Umrah to Umrah is an expiation for a sin.” “And the steps of circumambulation increase good deeds and forgive bad deeds. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said in the chapter on circumambulating the Sacred House: “Whoever circumambulates the House, and does not raise one foot or walk the other, God will write for him a good deed, erase a sin from him, and raise him a degree.” And walking between Safa and Marwa is a reason for God to be satisfied with His servant and reward him for his work. After mentioning walking between Safa and Marwa, God informed us that He is All-Knowing of His servant’s deeds, and He will reward him for his good deeds and good deeds, saying: “And whoever volunteers good, then indeed, God is All-Knowing.” Umrah is considered a confirmed Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and it can be performed at any time of the year, making it an option. Beloved by Muslims from all over the world

Flexible platforms to serve pilgrims

Investing in technology to facilitate the performance of rituals

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia continually strives to improve the experience of Umrah pilgrims by introducing new services and developing infrastructure. Each year, we witness improvements in transportation, smart technologies, regulatory procedures, as well as health and security services. This reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to Vision 2030, which aims to facilitate the journey of Umrah pilgrims and make it more comfortable and smooth. Among the most notable developments this year in Umrah services is the provision of golf cars for Tawaf and the effort to assist the elderly and people with special needs to perform Tawaf and Sa’i easily inside the Grand Mosque. This service contributes to facilitating movement within the Holy Mosque and reducing the effort for pilgrims who require assistance. Parts of the new expansion of the Grand Mosque, part of the King Abdullah expansion of the Grand Mosque, were also opened, providing more space to accommodate larger numbers of worshippers and pilgrims and contributing to easing congestion inside the Tawaf area and Mas’a. These updates reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to continuously improving the experience of Umrah pilgrims, making the rituals more comfortable and convenient. In 2025, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia introduced a range of new services and facilities for Umrah pilgrims, aiming to enhance their experience and facilitate the performance of Umrah rituals. Among the most prominent of these services are the expansion of ports and the modernization of transportation. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah has worked to provide air and land ports and modern, air-conditioned transportation for pilgrims between Makkah and Madinah, contributing to their comfort and ease of movement.

Report – Rashid Al-Sakran

Simplifying Procedures
Applications such as the Nusuk app have contributed to facilitating the Umrah visa procedures and simplifying the steps for issuing it. Those wishing to perform the rituals can obtain the visa more easily, with the visa duration set at three months, starting from the date of entry into the Kingdom and ending on the 15th of Dhul-Qi’dah. Health and security services are also provided, and the competent authorities have been keen to provide comprehensive health and security services to all visitors, while training the working personnel to the highest levels of service to ensure the safety and comfort of pilgrims. The Nusuk app update features a smart congestion indicator, which was recently added to the app. This is a new feature that helps pilgrims know the levels of congestion inside the Grand Mosque through a color system (green, yellow, red), enabling them to choose the most appropriate times to perform the rituals and avoid peak periods. The provision of entities that organize Umrah trips by land and sea through tourism companies has contributed to the development of all services related to Umrah and pilgrims, in accordance with the technical conditions and regulations set by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah to ensure the safety and comfort of pilgrims during their travels. These initiatives and updates come within the framework of the Kingdom’s ongoing efforts to improve the experience of pilgrims and provide a safe and comfortable environment for performing their rituals. “The Role of Technology”
The Umrah experience has witnessed a major transformation in recent years thanks to the use of modern technologies. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has sought to facilitate Umrah procedures and provide innovative digital services that ensure the comfort and safety of pilgrims. These technologies have contributed to reducing congestion, providing information easily, and improving health and logistical services through: First: Digital transformation in Umrah services, with the Nusuk application, which is an integrated digital platform that allows pilgrims to book Umrah permits, issue visas, and organize their trips easily from anywhere in the world. The application also provides additional services such as a guide and a smart congestion indicator, as well as electronic visas, allowing those wishing to perform Umrah to issue their visas electronically in a short time without the need for complicated procedures, increasing the speed and ease of travel to the Kingdom. Artificial intelligence systems analyze data, and these technologies are used to predict congestion levels inside the Grand Mosque and Mas’a, helping the relevant authorities direct crowds and organize the movement of pilgrims efficiently. Second: Improving the pilgrims’ experience through technology, using interactive maps and augmented reality. Electronic maps are available to help pilgrims navigate the Holy Mosque and service areas with ease, reducing confusion and loss. Voice guidance applications also provide multilingual voice guidance to help pilgrims understand the steps of performing the rituals without the need for a guide. Recently introduced smart golf cars help the elderly and those with special needs perform Tawaf and Sa’i with ease, providing a more comfortable experience for them. The smart bracelets provided by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah contain pilgrims’ data, help determine locations, and provide emergency services quickly when needed. “Health Services”
Third: The role of technology in improving health and security services. Virtual clinics and smart health services contribute to providing advanced medical services, such as:
Smart clinics, which enable pilgrims to receive medical consultations remotely.
Smart cameras and surveillance technologies contribute to monitoring crowd movements and managing potential crises within the Holy Mosque, enhancing security and safety.
Electronic payment systems also work to develop easy electronic payment methods for booking services such as transportation and accommodation, reducing reliance on cash and increasing pilgrims’ comfort. Technology has greatly contributed to improving the Umrah experience, making it easier, safer, and more organized. The Kingdom is expected to continue developing new technological solutions within Vision 2030, to make the Umrah journey a smooth spiritual experience based on the latest digital innovations. Fourth: Using robots to serve pilgrims. Smart robots provide guidance and direction. Robots have been deployed inside the Grand Mosque in Mecca and Medina to provide guidance and information to pilgrims in multiple languages, facilitating their performance of the rituals without the need for a physical guide. Robots are also being deployed to sterilize the Grand Mosque and are used in continuous sterilization operations inside the Grand Mosque, helping to maintain a clean and healthy environment, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Robots are also being provided to distribute Zamzam water. These are mobile robots that automatically distribute bottles of Zamzam water to pilgrims, ensuring the continued availability of water without the need for crowding around distribution points. Fifth: Intelligent transportation systems and modern means of transportation, including the Haramain High Speed ​​Rail.

It provides a fast and convenient means of transportation between Makkah and Madinah, reducing travel time and alleviating congestion on roads. The Kingdom’s ride-sharing applications, which are modern transportation applications such as Uber and Careem, along with smart bus services, facilitate the movement of pilgrims within Makkah and Madinah. Smart parking spaces are also being developed, which rely on electronic parking systems to help pilgrims quickly find parking spaces for their cars, reducing congestion around the Grand Mosque. Sixth: Improving the Umrah experience through artificial intelligence by analyzing big data to manage crowds: Pilgrim data is collected and analyzed through smart cameras and sensors, allowing for efficient crowd flow management and reducing congestion in holy sites. Virtual Hajj and Umrah plans are also developed, where artificial intelligence is used to design smart transportation routes that ensure ease of movement within the Grand Mosque and direct pilgrims to less crowded routes. Virtual assistants (Chatbots) provided by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah are virtual assistants via smart chat applications, allowing pilgrims to ask their questions and receive immediate answers in multiple languages. Seventh: Sustainability and environmentally friendly technologies. These include solar energy technologies that have been used in some of the Grand Mosque’s facilities to reduce traditional energy consumption and preserve the environment. The Kingdom also uses smart air conditioning systems, utilizing modern technology in the Grand Mosque’s cooling systems, providing a comfortable environment for pilgrims while reducing energy consumption. Waste is also disposed of intelligently, as the Grand Mosque relies on smart waste disposal systems, including smart containers that monitor their fullness and send alerts for immediate collection, helping to maintain the cleanliness of the Grand Mosque. The continuous technological development in the Umrah Services Department reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to improving the visitor experience and underscores its commitment to facilitating the performance of Hajj rituals and making them more comfortable and safe. As technological advancements continue, further improvements can be expected that will make Umrah a seamless experience, relying entirely on artificial intelligence and digitization, in line with Vision 2030. With these additions, the report becomes more comprehensive and covers various technical aspects of improving the Umrah experience.

A community competition to support and facilitate Umrah

Jeddah – Mohammed Hamidan

The Saudi community has consistently supported the Umrah sector, and Saudi Vision 2030 has reinforced this reality. The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – launched the Guests of God Service Program, one of the Vision Realization Programs, on Wednesday, the 24th of the holy month of Ramadan, 1440 AH. This program represents a qualitative shift in the quality and quantity of volunteer work and services that pilgrims receive. The program works to activate the community’s energies and galvanize the spirits and efforts of its people so that those arriving, whether pilgrims, Umrah performers, or visitors, can find something that satisfies their needs and satisfies their desires. This is especially true since the program aims to increase the number of pilgrims coming from abroad to perform Umrah and visit the Prophet’s Mosque, enhance the necessary capacity, including facilitating visa procedures, and receive 30 million pilgrims by 2030. And 15 million in 2025, a 77% increase compared to the 8.5 million pilgrims in 2019.

Magnifying Spirituality
The existence of the Guests of God Service Program has facilitated the performance and provision of various services and volunteer work that pilgrims receive, thus contributing to the work of achieving the magnification of spirituality they experience. The quantities of food and drinks provided by the people of Mecca and Medina have doubled, in addition to other residents in the cities through which pilgrims pass. They provide them to pilgrims in an initiative that embodies the meaning of cooperation and promotes the spirit of assistance.
The program has also contributed to increasing the diversity of the various logistical services that pilgrims receive with high quality, whether provided by individuals and ordinary citizens or by civil society organizations, such as guidance and counseling services, and various The work that contributes to and helps maintain safety and security for the pilgrim, as well as educational work and clarifying correct information that helps the pilgrim perform his ritual correctly. There are many and varied examples in this regard. During the Umrah season this year, 2025, the General Presidency for the Care of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque announced the opening of volunteer work during the month of Ramadan for the year 1446 AH for men and women, and the provision of volunteer opportunities in the Two Holy Mosques. The two pilgrims, attracting competent volunteers, and harnessing their energies to serve the guests of God. The Authority explained that it has prepared integrated programs for volunteer work in several service, social, educational, awareness-raising, and crowd-organizing specialties, among others, during the month of Ramadan, and providing opportunities. Volunteering
fully and attracting distinguished volunteers, and investing this to serve visitors to the Grand Mosque. It also established many stages, steps, and mechanisms for volunteer work, including identifying volunteer opportunities, identifying volunteer work needs, receiving applications from volunteer agencies, and requesting approval from supervisory authorities and valid association licenses. It stated that the categories eligible for volunteer work are government agencies, civil endowments, charitable societies, and volunteer teams licensed by the National Platform for Volunteer Work. 10.8 Million Iftar Meals
Among the volunteer efforts this year, the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque announced the provision of more than 10.8 million Iftar meals to those fasting in the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque from the beginning of the blessed month of Ramadan until its middle. This is part of its plans to organize and distribute Iftar meals to the Guests of God. The total amount provided to those fasting in the Two Holy Mosques amounted to 10,822,999 meals, in addition to the distribution of 10,290,000 date packets in the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, coinciding with the significant increase in Number of visitors and pilgrims during this season. The Authority indicated that the distribution operations were carried out in accordance with regulatory and health standards aimed at ensuring the safety of visitors and the flexibility of service provision at the designated iftar sites inside the Two Holy Mosques and their courtyards. The Authority had launched an electronic service on its official website before the month of Ramadan, allowing individuals, charitable organizations, and endowments to submit requests to organize iftar meals inside the Grand Mosque, thus contributing to enhancing efforts to provide iftar meals during the holy month. Another example of these efforts is the Ikram Association’s preservation of surplus iftar meals from the courtyards of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, through a unique initiative that includes a work team of approximately 500 male and female volunteers. The Association’s CEO, Ahmed bin Harbi Al-Mutairi, explained that the “Jed Biha” initiative, which includes Its fifth year aims to reduce food waste and promote sustainable food utilization.

Among these examples is the involvement of dozens of volunteers in work in the Two Holy Mosques, after the Presidency of Religious Affairs for the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque recently opened the door to volunteer work, providing volunteer opportunities in the Two Holy Mosques, attracting volunteers, and investing in national talents and competencies to serve the guests of the House of God and visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque, in coordination with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development. The National Center for the Non-Profit Sector, and the supervisor of legal affairs, governance, and volunteer work at the presidency, Mansour Al-Mutrafi, explained that the volunteer work project is in line with the goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, and the development of social responsibility among individuals and different groups of both genders, and contributing to achieving those goals by reaching more than one million volunteers. An example of the Saudi community’s expansion in providing various logistical services to pilgrims is the Hajj and Umrah Gift Charity Association’s provision of services during the first half of Ramadan to more than two million beneficiaries at 43 points of contact with the guests of God, starting with border crossings such as the Al-Wadiah crossing and the Jadidat Arar crossing. In the Makkah region, the Holy Mosque’s corridors and courtyards, the roads leading to the Holy Mosque, the entrances to Makkah, the parking lots for pilgrims and worshippers, the Jabal al-Rahmah Exhibition Center, the Haramain High Speed ​​Rail Station, King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah and the Hajj Hall, and in Madinah, the Prophet’s Mosque and its courtyards, the Lost Children Care Center under the Baqi Cemetery, and the Quba Mosque.

The Vice Chairman of the Association’s Board of Directors, Dr. Majdi Hariri, explained that the Association served 2,177,857 beneficiaries during the first half of the holy month of Ramadan, providing them with a variety of programs and projects, including iftar meals and feeding those fasting, distributing Zamzam water and Marda drinking water, offering hospitality and Saudi coffee, enriching their faith experience, implementing agencies and expiations on behalf of the Guests of the Most Merciful, providing comfort services on massage chairs, and caring for lost children at the Association’s center in the Prophet’s Mosque. There are 573 hosts, male and female, and 1,600 volunteers, both male and female, working in it with 92,450 volunteer goods, seeking to provide care and attention. With the guests of God, with the aim of making things easier for them while performing the rituals of Umrah, praying at the Sacred House, and visiting the Mosque of the Chosen One – may God bless him and grant him peace. An example of this approach is the implementation by the Secretariat of the Holy Capital of the “Aid of the Two Holy Mosques” volunteer initiative, in community partnership with neighborhood centers. With the aim of serving the Guests of God and providing them with the necessary support during their faith journey, the initiative focuses on providing various services to the Guests of God, including guidance and assistance, distributing water and meals, in addition to promoting awareness and education to ensure a smooth and comfortable experience for pilgrims and Umrah performers. The initiative has witnessed a wide turnout from volunteers, who have expressed their pride in participating in this humanitarian work, seeking to gain reward and contribute to providing a unique faith experience for the Guests of God.

Health Services
Another example is the Safaa Victim Association in the Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, which launched its programs during the blessed month of Ramadan by presenting four community initiatives to serve the guests of God, including pilgrims and visitors to the Holy House of God. The association approved the implementation of its programs in the central region, which included providing Iftar meals to pilgrims by holding 15 Iftar tables in three locations in the central region, during which 1,200 Iftar meals were provided to pilgrims; the “Kidney Dialysis” program, which conducted 25 dialysis sessions for a number of pilgrims; and the “Your Tawaf Safaa” initiative program for 112 pilgrims, while 67 pilgrims benefited from the mobile clinic program at the Grand Mosque. The youth participating in the Pilgrims Service Camp, which is held by the Saudi Arabian Scouts Association to serve the guests of God in the Grand Mosque, in cooperation and integration with the General Administration of Education in the Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, achieved 11,800 volunteer work hours during the first ten days of Ramadan. 295 scouts contributed to guiding and directing the pilgrims and supporting various agencies, including the General Authority for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, the Makkah Health Cluster, and the General Security. The camp commander, Ziyad Qadeer, explained that the camp will continue to provide services until the end of the holy month, according to a schedule in which the various sectors of the association participate, stressing the importance of these camps in Developing volunteer work and a sense of national belonging among the participating youth, young adults, and leaders, and their significant positive role in projecting the honorable and radiant image of the sons of this generous nation. These examples were a welcome part of what the Saudi local community, which lives in a constant state of competition, offers to support the Umrah sector and serve pilgrims. The overwhelming feelings of satisfaction expressed by pilgrims after performing their rituals confirm the success of these efforts and their distinguished role in facilitating the pilgrims’ journey and making their Umrah easier.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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This collection of articles from the Al Riyadh newspaper, dated March 20, 2025, covers a diverse range of topics. A significant focus is on Ramadan, detailing increased spending, market activity in Mecca, and initiatives like mass iftars and distribution of dates. The region’s healthcare is highlighted with the arrival of conjoined twins for surgery and a successful hip replacement procedure. International news includes the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the situation in South Sudan, and a limited truce in Ukraine. Business and economic news features gold price increases, Asian stock declines, and a drop in oil prices. Finally, sports news previews Saudi Arabia’s national football team matches and discusses local league developments.

Source Material Study Guide and Quiz

I. Quiz (Short Answer)

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

1. According to the article, what are some of the goals of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 related to the Hajj and Umrah?
2. What was the primary reason for the recall issued by several car dealerships, as mentioned in the text?
3. Describe one way in which the Saudi government is utilizing technology to improve the experience of pilgrims visiting the holy sites.
4. What was the significance of the meeting chaired by Prince Saud bin Mishaal in Jeddah, as reported in the article?
5. According to the text, what is the purpose of the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Quran’s participation in the Ramadan exhibition in Riyadh?
6. Briefly outline the medical procedure performed at Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital in Jeddah for the elderly patient.
7. What are some of the key objectives of the project to develop historical mosques in Saudi Arabia?
8. Based on the article, what are some of the potential benefits of intermittent fasting, particularly during Ramadan?
9. What was the main topic of discussion between Presidents Trump and Putin during their phone call, as it relates to the conflict in Ukraine?
10. According to the article, what concerns did Arthur Schlesinger Jr. express in his memo regarding the CIA?

II. Quiz Answer Key

1. Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 aims to increase the number of Umrah pilgrims to 30 million annually. This requires additional investments in technology like digital IDs, airport development, and improved public transportation to better serve the guests of Allah.
2. The primary reason for the car dealership recall was a defect in a fuel injection pipe and fastening clip. This flaw could potentially lead to fuel leakage, significantly increasing the risk of a fire.
3. The Saudi government is utilizing technology such as the ” اعتمرنا ” and ” نسك ” applications to organize Umrah appointments. These electronic systems issued over 15 million permits in 2023, helping to manage crowds and streamline the pilgrimage process.
4. The meeting chaired by Prince Saud bin Mishaal, the Deputy Governor of Makkah, was a meeting of the Central Hajj Committee. The agenda included reviewing the readiness of current plans and following up on and monitoring the plans for the last ten days of Ramadan and the upcoming Hajj season.
5. The King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Quran participated in the Ramadan exhibition in Riyadh to showcase its efforts in serving the Holy Quran and disseminating it globally. Their exhibit displayed the various stages of Quran printing, different translations, and various formats including Braille.
6. The elderly patient underwent a hip replacement surgery under partial anesthesia at Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital in Jeddah. The procedure involved removing the fractured femoral head, cleaning the joint, and replacing it with a modern artificial joint.
7. The key objectives of the project to develop historical mosques include rehabilitating and restoring their architectural integrity, highlighting the historical and urban heritage of Saudi Arabia, and enhancing their religious and cultural significance while drawing inspiration for modern mosque designs.
8. Intermittent fasting during Ramadan, or dry intermittent fasting, is believed by some to offer health benefits such as reducing insulin resistance, boosting growth hormone levels, improving immune function, and promoting autophagy, which is the body’s process of clearing out damaged cells.
9. The main topic of discussion between Presidents Trump and Putin regarding the conflict in Ukraine was a proposed temporary cessation of attacks on energy infrastructure. While Trump supported a 30-day pause, it fell short of the full ceasefire that Ukraine had hoped for.
10. In his memo, Arthur Schlesinger Jr. expressed concerns about the increasing power and recklessness of the CIA. He worried that the agency was conducting secret operations without presidential approval, which could damage America’s credibility and inadvertently support communism.

III. Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the various ways in which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is preparing for and managing the increasing number of religious tourists, referencing specific examples and initiatives mentioned in the provided text.
2. Discuss the potential economic and social impacts of the rising gold prices and the factors contributing to this trend, as described in the article.
3. Evaluate the significance of international relations and political developments, such as the Trump-Putin call and the situation in Southern Sudan, on regional stability and global affairs based on the provided news excerpts.
4. Critically assess the role of cultural heritage preservation and promotion in Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, using the examples of the historical mosque development and the Year of Handicrafts.
5. Explore the multifaceted challenges and responses related to health and safety discussed in the articles, including the car recall, the elderly patient’s surgery, and the road safety campaign during Ramadan.

IV. Glossary of Key Terms

• واس (WAS): Saudi Press Agency, the official news agency of Saudi Arabia.
• رمضان (Ramadan): The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection, and community.
• الحج (Hajj): An annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims. It is one of the five pillars of Islam and a religious duty that must be carried out by every adult Muslim who is physically and financially capable of making the journey, at least once in their lifetime.
• العمرة (Umrah): An Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that can be undertaken at any time of the year, unlike the Hajj which has specific dates according to the Islamic lunar calendar.
• رؤية المملكة 2030 (Vision 2030): A strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia to reduce its dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• ولي العهد (Crown Prince): The designated successor to the throne in a monarchy. In Saudi Arabia, it is currently Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
• خادم الحرمين الشريفين (Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques): A title used by the Saudi Arabian monarch referring to their role in safeguarding the two holiest mosques in Islam, Al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina.
• تسميم (Design): The act of planning and shaping the form or structure of something.
• تبوك (Tabuk): A region and city in northwestern Saudi Arabia.
• الرياض (Riyadh): The capital city of Saudi Arabia and the center of the Riyadh Province.
• جدة (Jeddah): A Saudi Arabian port city on the Red Sea and a major urban center in western Saudi Arabia.
• المدينة المنورة (Medina): The second holiest city in Islam, located in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. It is significant for being the city to which the Prophet Muhammad emigrated.
• مكة المكرمة (Mecca): The holiest city in Islam, located in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. It is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the location of the Kaaba.
• الذهب الفوري (Spot Gold): The price of gold for immediate delivery.
• الاحتياطي الفيدرالي (Federal Reserve): The central banking system of the United States.
• النفط (Oil): A naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth’s surface, commonly refined into fuels.
• أوبك (OPEC): The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, an intergovernmental organization of 13 countries.
• جنوب السودان (South Sudan): A landlocked country in East-Central Africa that gained independence from Sudan in 2011.
• كييف (Kyiv): The capital and most populous city of Ukraine.
• موسكو (Moscow): The capital and most populous city of Russia.
• CIA (وكالة المخابرات المركزية الأمريكية – Central Intelligence Agency): A civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world.
• MBC1: A pan-Arab free-to-air satellite television channel owned by the Middle East Broadcasting Center.
• شاهد (Shahid): A leading Arabic streaming platform offering a wide range of content.
• الهدر الغذائي (Food Waste): Food that is discarded or lost uneaten.
• الصيام المتقطع (Intermittent Fasting): An eating pattern that cycles between periods of eating and voluntary fasting on a regular schedule.
• الزملوق (Zamlouq – Senecio glaucus): A species of flowering plant, in this context, noted for its appearance after the rainy season in some regions of Saudi Arabia.

Briefing Document: Analysis of News Articles from “alriyadh.com” (March 20, 2025)

This briefing document provides a summary of the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the March 20, 2025, issue of the Arabic-language newspaper “alriyadh.com”. Where relevant, direct quotes from the original text (translated) are included to illustrate key points.

Main Themes:

1. Government Initiatives and Royal Activities: A significant portion of the news covers various activities and initiatives led by members of the Saudi Royal Family across different regions. These activities range from presiding over important committees (like the Central Hajj Committee) to inaugurating infrastructure projects (the Second Ring Road in Mecca), receiving reports from government bodies, and attending social events.

• : “His Royal Highness Prince Khalid bin Saud, Vice Governor of Tabuk Region, received the Commander of the Border Guards in Tabuk… and reviewed the ‘Hadaf’ report.”
• : “His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Mishal presided over the Central Hajj Committee… and inaugurated the Second Ring Road in the Holy Capital.”

1. Religious Affairs and Ramadan Activities: Several articles highlight the ongoing efforts related to religious affairs, particularly during the month of Ramadan. This includes the continuation of the King’s programs for providing Iftar meals and dates in various countries, the development and renovation of historical mosques, and the participation of religious institutions in Ramadan exhibitions.

• : “The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ programs for Iftar and date distribution continue in India, Denmark, and Lithuania.” The article notes that “8,000 tons of dates have benefited from this program in mosques and Islamic centers in both countries.”
• : Regarding the development of historical mosques, it’s stated that the project’s strategy includes “rehabilitating and restoring the architectural identity of historical mosques, highlighting the historical dimension of Saudi Arabia, and strengthening the religious and cultural significance of these mosques.”
• : “The King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran participates in the Ramadan exhibition in Riyadh… aiming to highlight the Complex’s efforts in serving the Holy Quran and its global dissemination.”

1. Social Welfare and Community Engagement: The news also features stories related to social welfare, including the arrival of conjoined twins for treatment in Riyadh, the reception of orphans by a Royal Prince on Arab Orphan Day, and a hospital successfully performing a complex hip replacement surgery on an elderly patient.

• : “The Egyptian parasitic twins arrive in Riyadh, and the parents of the Egyptian parasitic twins expressed their gratitude to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince.”
• : Regarding the surgery, the report mentions, “…the medical team reached a treatment plan… the fracture was removed, the joint was cleaned, and the femoral head was replaced with a modern, high-quality artificial joint. The medical intervention by the team was successful…”

1. Economic and Financial News: Several articles delve into economic and financial topics, including the rise in gold prices to a record level, the decline in oil prices due to a temporary truce proposal in Ukraine and concerns about oversupply, and the decrease in Asian stock markets anticipating stable interest rates. There is also a piece discussing the challenges faced by the petrochemical industry in Asia.

• (Gold): “Gold rose to a record level yesterday, Wednesday… spot gold rose by 0.2% to reach $3,039.38 per ounce.” Analysts suggest it could reach “$3,200 during a month or a little more.”
• (Oil): “Oil prices fell yesterday, Wednesday, after Russia agreed to a proposal by US President Donald Trump that Moscow and Kyiv temporarily stop attacking each other’s energy infrastructure…” This led to “concerns about a surplus in crude oil supplies.”
• (Petrochemicals): The article notes that Asia’s naphtha cracking plants are struggling with high feedstock costs and weak margins, leading to shutdowns and reduced operating rates.

1. International Relations and Conflict: The news touches upon international conflicts and diplomatic efforts, including the proposed limited truce in Ukraine following a call between Presidents Trump and Putin, and the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza with ongoing Israeli military operations and protests against them. There is also a report on the Lebanese army closing border crossings with Syria.

• (Ukraine): “Russian forces launched a barrage of missiles and drones at Ukraine on Tuesday, killing one person and wounding others, hours after Moscow agreed to a temporary halt to targeting energy facilities during a call between Presidents Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin.”
• (Gaza): A Hamas official states that the latest Israeli military escalation “exposes the lives of Israeli prisoners in the sector to danger,” and that “70% of the martyrs are children, women, and civilians, and this is a war crime.”

1. National Identity and Values: An editorial discusses Saudi National Flag Day, emphasizing the flag as a symbol of national unity, sovereignty, and loyalty. Another piece advises against hasty judgment and spreading false information.

• (National Flag Day): “National Flag Day is a national occasion that embodies the unity and integration of all the sons of the Kingdom… It confirms their profound national belonging and their unwavering loyalty to their leadership.”
• (Hasty Judgments): The article quotes the Quran and warns against believing false reports, stating, “O you who have believed, if there comes to you a disobedient one with information, investigate…”

1. Sports: The newspaper covers the Saudi national football team’s preparations and match against China in the World Cup qualifiers, as well as other sports news like the Saudi women’s junior volleyball team’s training camp.

• (Football): The French coach Hervé Renard acknowledges the difficulty of the upcoming match against China, noting that the Chinese team has improved and has a good coach.

1. Arts, Culture, and Entertainment: There are reports on cultural events like the “Amniyah Evening” highlighting efforts in preserving heritage and handicrafts, the participation of Japanese brands in Riyadh Season, and the launch of Eid al-Fitr 2025 festivities.

• (Amniyah Evening): The Director General of the Handicrafts Sector at the Heritage Authority stated that “2025 focuses on highlighting Saudi heritage, enhancing national pride among the rising generations, supporting the growth and marketing of the handicrafts sector, and empowering artisans.”
• (Eid Festivities): The General Entertainment Authority announced a wide range of events for Eid al-Fitr 2025, including concerts, theatrical performances, and fireworks displays in various cities across the Kingdom.

1. Health and Medical Advancements: The success of a complex hip replacement surgery is highlighted, and there’s a broader mention of Saudi hospitals achieving international standards and attracting patients from around the world. The role of the Ministry of Health’s “937” service for providing consultations is also noted.

• (Hospitals): “Saudi hospitals are witnessing a qualitative transformation, making them a model to be emulated regionally and internationally… They have proven their commitment to meeting global quality and safety standards…”

Important Ideas and Facts:

• Vision 2030 Alignment: Several initiatives, such as the development of historical mosques and the promotion of handicrafts, are explicitly linked to the goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.
• Hajj Preparations: The meeting of the Central Hajj Committee indicates ongoing preparations and strategic planning for the upcoming Hajj season.
• Economic Volatility: The fluctuations in gold and oil prices reflect global economic uncertainties and geopolitical tensions.
• Humanitarian Crisis: The reports from Gaza and South Sudan paint a grim picture of ongoing conflicts and their severe humanitarian consequences.
• Diplomatic Efforts: The phone call between Trump and Putin regarding a temporary truce in Ukraine highlights international efforts to de-escalate conflicts, albeit with limited success.
• National Unity: The emphasis on National Flag Day underscores the importance of national identity and unity in Saudi Arabia.
• Healthcare Development: The news on successful medical procedures and the high standards of Saudi hospitals showcases the advancements in the Kingdom’s healthcare sector.
• Ramadan Significance: The focus on religious programs and activities during Ramadan highlights the spiritual importance of the month.

Conclusion:

The excerpts from “alriyadh.com” on March 20, 2025, present a snapshot of various activities and developments within Saudi Arabia and its engagement with the wider world. The news covers a diverse range of topics, from royal engagements and religious initiatives to economic trends, international conflicts, social welfare, and cultural events. A recurring theme is the Kingdom’s focus on development, national identity, and its role in regional and global affairs, often framed within the context of Vision 2030 and religious values. The coverage also reflects ongoing global challenges and their impact on the region.

Saudi Arabia: Developments and Initiatives

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the key initiatives being undertaken in Mecca and other regions of Saudi Arabia, as highlighted in the article? The article emphasizes several key initiatives. In Mecca, the focus is on developing and improving infrastructure and services for Hajj pilgrims, exemplified by the Central Hajj Committee meetings and the inauguration of the Second Ring Road. Nationally, there’s a drive towards achieving the goals of Vision 2030, which includes initiatives in education like the “Munafis” award to foster student innovation, leadership, and volunteerism. Additionally, significant efforts are being made to develop historical mosques across the Kingdom, aiming to rehabilitate and restore their architectural significance while highlighting Saudi Arabia’s Arab and Islamic heritage.

2. How is Saudi Arabia demonstrating its commitment to serving pilgrims and visitors? Saudi Arabia is demonstrating its commitment through large-scale infrastructure projects in Mecca, such as the Second Ring Road, designed to facilitate movement. The Kingdom also continues the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ programs for providing iftar meals and distributing dates to Muslims in various countries. Furthermore, there’s a strong emphasis on ensuring the safety and comfort of pilgrims, with the Ministry of Interior deploying substantial personnel and advanced technology, like thermal cameras and AI systems, to manage crowds and prevent incidents in the Holy Sites. Electronic systems like the “Etamarna” and “Nusk” apps have been developed to regulate Umrah appointments, processing millions of permits.

3. What cultural and heritage preservation efforts are mentioned in the article? The article highlights several cultural and heritage preservation efforts. The development and renovation of historical mosques across Saudi Arabia is a significant initiative, aiming to restore their original architectural style and highlight their historical and cultural importance. The Kingdom is also preparing to celebrate 2025 as the “Year of Handicrafts,” with the Heritage Authority organizing events to promote and support local artisans and preserve traditional crafts, aligning with Vision 2030’s goals to showcase Saudi heritage and foster national pride.

4. What international collaborations and outreach programs are Saudi Arabian entities involved in, according to the text? Saudi Arabia, through the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance, continues the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ programs to provide iftar and dates to Muslims in countries like India, Denmark, and Lithuania, showcasing international religious outreach. Additionally, “Manga Productions” and “Selah” are participating in Riyadh Season, aiming to attract Japanese investments in the animation and production sectors, indicating international cultural and economic engagement.

5. How is Saudi Arabia’s healthcare sector being developed and recognized, as portrayed in the article? The article depicts Saudi Arabia’s healthcare sector as undergoing a significant transformation, with hospitals achieving high international standards in quality, accuracy, and safety. Several Saudi hospitals have earned top rankings globally, attracting patients from around the world for specialized treatments. The Ministry of Health provides direct consultations and recommendations through the 937 hotline and offers home healthcare services. The success of Saudi hospitals is attributed to the government’s support and the leadership’s vision to provide advanced, technology-driven healthcare services to all citizens and residents.

6. What economic and trade-related news is covered in the article? The article covers several economic and trade-related topics. Gold prices have risen to record levels amid geopolitical tensions and uncertainty regarding US tariffs, increasing its appeal as a safe haven. Oil prices have declined following a temporary truce in Ukraine and concerns about oversupply. There’s also discussion about the petrochemical industry in Asia facing challenges due to rising naphtha cracking costs and weak demand, leading to production cuts and closures. Additionally, the potential impact of US tariffs on various countries, including Canada, Mexico, and China, and the anticipated retaliatory measures are highlighted, along with the effect on consumer confidence and supply chains.

7. What are some of the social and community-focused activities highlighted in the article, particularly during Ramadan and Eid? During Ramadan, the article mentions the ongoing programs for providing iftar meals and distributing dates. There’s also a focus on the exemplary conduct of imams, preachers, and muezzins in mosques across the Kingdom during Ramadan, emphasizing the importance of guidance and adherence to instructions. During Eid Al-Fitr, the General Entertainment Authority (GEA) is launching a wide array of celebratory events, including musical concerts, theatrical performances, and fireworks in various cities. Additionally, the Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association is praised for their voluntary efforts in the vicinity of the Grand Mosque during Ramadan, assisting pilgrims, especially lost children, reflecting community service and humanitarian efforts. The “With Safety” campaign is also highlighted, promoting safe driving habits before iftar to reduce accidents.

8. What sports-related news is featured in the article? The article provides updates on Saudi Arabia’s national football team (“Al-Akhdar”) as they prepare for crucial matches in the Asian qualifiers for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, including a game against China. The French coach Hervé Renard emphasizes the difficulty of the upcoming match. There’s also news about Japan and South Korea aiming to secure their spots in the World Cup, as well as Iraq’s match against Kuwait in the same qualifiers. Furthermore, the Saudi women’s national under-16 volleyball team is undergoing preparations for the Asian Championship. Local football news includes the Al-Lowmi player Jawad topping the scoring charts in the Third Division League.

Egyptian Parasitic Twin Arrives in Riyadh for Medical Care

Based on the sources, there has been an arrival of an Egyptian parasitic twin in Riyadh. This arrival occurred following the directives of the King and the Crown Prince.

Key details regarding the arrival include:

• Directives from Leadership: The arrival of the parasitic twin took place under the guidance of the King and the Crown Prince.
• Patient Identification: The Egyptian parasitic twin is named Muhammad Abdulrahman Jumaah.
• Arrival Location: He arrived in Riyadh at King Khalid International Airport.
• Medical Care: Immediately after arriving, the twin was transferred to King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital. The purpose of this transfer was for the medical team to study his condition and explore the possibility of a separation surgery.
• Praise for the Initiative: Dr. Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Rabeeah, the consultant at the Royal Court and head of the medical team at King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aid, lauded this generous gesture and noble humanitarian initiative.
• Gratitude Expressed: The parents of the parasitic twin conveyed their thanks and gratitude to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the Crown Prince, the Saudi Program for Separating Conjoined Twins, and the Saudi Embassy in Egypt for the care and attention they received.
• Kingdom’s Commitment: This event highlights the Kingdom’s dedication to the Saudi Program for Separating Conjoined Twins and its commitment to providing aid to critical medical cases globally without any discrimination. This initiative reflects the Kingdom’s “deep-rooted humanitarian approach”.

The sources emphasize the humanitarian aspect of this initiative, showcasing the Kingdom’s leadership in providing medical assistance to those in need, regardless of their nationality.

Saudi Arabia: Ramadan and Charitable Giving

Based on the sources, Ramadan is a significant time for charity efforts and giving in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several aspects of these efforts are highlighted:

• Leadership’s Role: The leadership of the Kingdom, including the King and the Crown Prince, actively promotes and engages in charitable acts. This is exemplified by the donation of three billion riyals to social security beneficiaries, reflecting their care for the needs of citizens. The arrival and medical care provided to the Egyptian parasitic twin, Muhammad Abdulrahman Jumaah, is also presented as a testament to the Kingdom’s “deep-rooted humanitarian approach” and its commitment to providing aid globally without discrimination, which can be considered a significant act of charity. The headline “CUSTODIAN OF THE TWO HOLY MOSQUES’ GIVING CONTINUES AROUND THE WORLD” further emphasizes this ongoing commitment.
• Government Initiatives: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs undertakes continuous efforts during Ramadan, including the implementation of the “Iftar al-Saimin” program, which aims to provide iftar meals for various groups of fasting individuals. This program fosters solidarity, brotherhood, love, and the spirit of the faith among Muslims.
• Community Engagement: Beyond governmental efforts, there are numerous activities and programs during Ramadan that embody charity. The Deputy Governor of Makkah’s participation in an Iftar meal with orphaned children is mentioned as part of annual initiatives, highlighting the attention given to vulnerable members of society.
• Religious Emphasis: Ramadan itself is viewed as a “profitable trade for good deeds” where rewards are multiplied. Muslims are encouraged to seize the opportunities for increasing their good deeds during this blessed month. Spending for the sake of Allah, especially during Laylat al-Qadr, is highlighted as having a significantly multiplied reward. The Ministry of Islamic Affairs also urges people to give to those genuinely in need while discouraging begging within mosques.
• Broader Values: These charitable efforts during Ramadan reflect the core values of the Kingdom, such as social solidarity, care for citizens, and humanitarianism. The Kingdom’s giving is portrayed as extending beyond its local and Arab environment to reach people in all parts of the world.

In summary, the sources illustrate that Ramadan in Saudi Arabia is a period marked by significant charitable activities at the leadership, governmental, and community levels, driven by religious principles and a deep-rooted humanitarian ethos. The provision of care for the parasitic twin, as discussed in our previous conversation, aligns with this broader theme of the Kingdom’s commitment to humanitarian aid and giving, particularly during significant times like Ramadan.

Gaza Conflict Escalation and Humanitarian Crisis

Based on the sources, there has been a significant escalation of the conflict in Gaza, marked by continued Israeli military actions and dire humanitarian consequences.

Key points from the sources regarding the escalation include:

• Continued Israeli Raids: The Israeli occupation forces have continued to launch raids on the Gaza Strip, violating ceasefire agreements. These raids have targeted various areas, including the northern parts of the sector.
• High Casualties: These ongoing military actions have resulted in a large number of casualties, including hundreds of martyrs and injured individuals, with a significant proportion being children.
• Hamas’s Warning: A member of the Hamas political bureau has stated that the Israeli military escalation endangers the lives of Israelis held in the Gaza Strip. They also warned of potentially substantial human and material losses affecting both Palestinians and Israelis.
• Humanitarian Crisis: The humanitarian situation in Gaza is described as extremely difficult, with hospitals struggling to cope with the sheer number of injuries. There are shortages of essential medical supplies, and the delivery of aid is facing challenges. Organizations like Doctors Without Borders have reported receiving a large influx of wounded individuals in their field hospitals.
• Palestinian Authority’s Condemnation: The Palestinian Foreign Ministry has strongly condemned the Israeli actions as a “return of the occupation to a war of extermination and displacement”. They have appealed to various countries to take decisive steps to compel the Israeli government to halt its aggression immediately and adhere to international resolutions.
• Occupation as Outside the Law: The head of the Palestinian National Council has stated that the Israeli occupation is no longer just an occupying force but has transformed into an entity outside the law, practicing terrorism. They have urged the international community to urgently intervene to stop the “brutal crimes”.
• Raids in the West Bank: Alongside the Gaza escalation, Israeli forces have also conducted extensive raids in the West Bank, including incursions into refugee camps like Balata and Askar in Nablus. During these operations, homes were raided, searched, and several Palestinian citizens were arrested.

The sources highlight the severity of the ongoing conflict, the significant human cost, and the strong condemnation from Palestinian authorities regarding the Israeli military actions in Gaza and the West Bank. The dire humanitarian situation in Gaza, exacerbated by the continued fighting, is also a major concern reported in the sources.

Madinah: A City Undergoing Significant Developmental Progress

Based on the sources, Madinah is currently undergoing significant developmental progress in various aspects of life. This progress reflects its status as a holy Islamic and historical site.

Key points regarding Madinah’s development projects and progress include:

• Noticeable Developmental Progress: Madinah is witnessing remarkable developmental and urban progress in all facets of life. This signifies ongoing projects and initiatives aimed at improving the city and its infrastructure.
• Recognition as a Leading City: Madinah has achieved high rankings in several areas, indicating successful development outcomes:
• Ranked first in Saudi Arabia, fifth in the Gulf region, and seventh in the Arab world in the “Best 100 City Destinations” index for 2024.
• Ranked first nationally and second globally in the “Smart Tourism Safety Index for Women” for travel.
• Recognized with the gold certificate from the “Sustainable Development Goals for Cities” (SDG-Cities) program.
• Efforts in Line with Vision 2030: The developmental progress is aligned with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals, suggesting that projects in Madinah are part of a broader national development plan aimed at sustainability and improving quality of life.
• Focus on Serving Visitors: The governmental efforts in Madinah are geared towards serving the visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque and the Madinah region. This implies development projects that enhance the experience for pilgrims and tourists.
• Mention of Parks and Recreational Areas: The sources mention Prince Muhammad bin Abdulaziz (formerly King Fahd) Central Park and Al-Baha Garden in Al-Hussam in Madinah. These established parks suggest ongoing attention to green spaces and recreational facilities within the city, contributing to its overall development and the well-being of its residents and visitors.

In summary, the sources indicate that Madinah is experiencing significant and recognized developmental progress across various sectors, aligning with national goals and focused on serving its residents and visitors. The presence and mention of parks further illustrate the development efforts in the city.

Oil Price Decline: Ceasefire and Oversupply Concerns

Based on the sources, there has been a notable decline in oil prices driven by several factors.

Here are the key points regarding the oil price decline discussed in the sources:

• Energy Ceasefire Impact: News of an energy ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine contributed to a decline in oil prices. This truce raised concerns about a potential oversupply in the oil market.
• US-Russia Agreement: The agreement between the US and Russia involved a 30-day ceasefire and aimed to de-escalate the situation in Ukraine’s energy sector.
• Concerns of Oversupply: The ceasefire exacerbated existing fears of an oversupplied oil market.
• OPEC+ Production Cuts: Earlier anticipation that OPEC+ might ease production cuts starting in April was also expected to increase crude oil supplies globally, contributing to downward pressure on prices.
• Attacks in the Red Sea: Counteracting some of the downward pressure, the US pledged to curb Houthi drone and missile attacks in Yemen, which had raised concerns about potential disruptions in vital shipping lanes in the Red Sea, a key area for global oil trade.
• Analyst Perspectives:Analysts at Investec noted that oil prices extended their losses due to the energy ceasefire, which amplified oversupply fears.
• JPMorgan’s analyst, Jun Rong, stated that the ceasefire represented a positive step towards resolving the Ukraine conflict and would reduce the risk of oil supply disruptions from Ukrainian energy facilities, keeping oil prices somewhat in check.
• Goldman Sachs suggested that the risks of lower oil prices prevailed due to expectations of increased productive capacity and energy supply. They also lowered their Brent crude price forecast slightly for the coming months, anticipating potential downside risks to supply due to sanctions.

In summary, the decline in oil prices, as reported in the sources, is primarily attributed to the energy ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine, which heightened concerns about an oversupply in the market. While tensions in the Red Sea provided some counter-pressure, overall market sentiment, coupled with forecasts of potentially increased supply from OPEC+ and , pointed towards a downward trend in oil prices.

Under the directives of the King and Crown Prince, the Egyptian parasitic twins arrive in Riyadh.

In implementation of the directives of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister – may God protect them – the Egyptian parasitic twins, “Mohammed Abdulrahman Jumaa,” arrived at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh yesterday, accompanied by their families, coming from the Arab Republic of Egypt. The twins were transferred upon their arrival to King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital at the Ministry of the National Guard. To study their condition and consider the possibility of performing a separation operation. His Excellency the Advisor to the Royal Court, General Supervisor of the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center, Head of the Medical Team, Dr. Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al-Rabiah, expressed his sincere thanks to the wise leadership – may God protect them – for this generous gesture and noble humanitarian initiative.

The generosity of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques continues around the world.

As part of the ongoing efforts made by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance during the holy month of Ramadan, the Ministry’s religious attachés continue to implement the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud’s Iftar program and date distribution programs in a number of countries around the world. In India and the countries affiliated with the attaché, more than 75,000 fasting men and women had benefited from the Iftar program by mid-Ramadan, while the number of beneficiaries of the date gift reached 100,000 poor and needy beneficiaries. The number of beneficiaries of the Iftar meals is expected to reach 150,000 fasting men and women by the end of the holy month, while the number of beneficiaries of the date gift is expected to exceed 200,000. The program is being implemented in coordination with the Kingdom’s embassies in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, in addition to cooperation with registered official and private charitable centers and associations, as well as prominent figures in those countries. On the thirteenth of Ramadan, the Ministry of Islamic Affairs implemented the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ date distribution program in Denmark and Lithuania, where two tons of dates were distributed, benefiting 8,000 people through mosques and Islamic centers in both countries.

A deeply rooted humanitarian approach

Abdullah Al-Hasani

The Kingdom’s leadership continues to consolidate its supreme values ​​toward its citizens, affirming through numerous decisions and initiatives the nature of Saudi society, based on solidarity and generosity. This continuation of charitable giving has made caring for people the top priority, which is reflected in the provision of dignified living. Anyone who follows this approach of our leadership will sense this compassion and concern, which are two fundamental pillars embedded in the minds and hearts of our leadership and its approach to governance. Perhaps a quick reading of the generous directive from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz – may God protect him – and based on what His Highness the Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman – may God protect him – presented, to disburse more than three billion riyals as Ramadan aid to social security beneficiaries, reveals this humanitarian dimension of the leadership’s vision and its keenness to address the needs of citizens, especially during this blessed month. This support included the disbursement of 1,000 riyals to a family member and 500 riyals to each dependent. The funds will be deposited directly into the beneficiaries’ bank accounts, a practical affirmation of the rapid response and facilitation requirements for families in need, ensuring they receive support without complications or delays. This aid goes beyond being an economic initiative, emphasizing a consistent extension of a well-established approach to caring for deserving groups, improving the quality of life, and enhancing the standard of living, especially during the month of Ramadan, when the values ​​of solidarity and compassion are most clearly manifested. This generous royal directive proves the importance and role of our country and its commitment to raising the standard of living for the most needy groups. At the same time, it reflects the comprehensive vision presented by His Highness the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to achieve sustainable development and social welfare, which enhances the stability of society and facilitates a more prosperous future for citizens. This generous support comes to confirm that the Kingdom, under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and his faithful Crown Prince, is the homeland of humanity, whose humanitarian giving is not limited to its local and Arab surroundings, but rather extends to people in all corners of the earth. The Saudi citizen remains its symbolic capital, on which it relies and boasts of its giving, and that it lies at the heart of its concerns, which has translated its vision into initiatives that enhance the dignity of life and achieve the solidarity that embodies the spirit of this noble month.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemns the targeting of the Somali President’s convoy.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s condemnation and denunciation of the attack that targeted the convoy of His Excellency President Dr. Hassan Sheikh Mohamed, President of the Federal Republic of North Africa. The Kingdom affirmed its solidarity with the Federal Republic of North Africa and its people in the face of all threats to its security and stability, reiterating the Kingdom’s position rejecting all acts of violence, terrorism and extremism.

Polyethylene struggles with weak profit margins

Jubail Industrial City – Ibrahim Al-Ghamdi

The optimism of the past decade regarding sustainable growth in demand for petrochemicals fueled ambitious expansions in production capacity in Asian polyolefins markets. But the landscape has changed radically. Post-pandemic economic bottlenecks, rising costs, and changing consumption patterns amid an aging population have fundamentally upended the industry. Now, a wave of indefinite polyethylene plant closures is emerging in Southeast Asia, as producers struggle with weak profit margins, a supply surplus, and an uncertain future. As the region faces these challenges, questions arise about their impact on price trends and import flows. Will production cuts and supply constraints be sufficient to stabilize the market, or is this the beginning of a long-term stagnation for the petrochemical industry in Southeast Asia? Markets are experiencing a triple whammy of rising costs, oversupply, and weak demand. Major producers in the region have been forced to suspend operations or reduce operating rates for nearly two years due to persistently weak profit margins amid high heavy naphtha prices, weak demand, and a market oversupplied. Since the last quarter of 2024, the region has witnessed deeper production cuts and prolonged shutdowns. Langsen Petrochemicals Vietnam stands out with its large production capacities of ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. It can be considered a completely new company after reaching production according to specifications in December 2023 and starting commercial production in January 2022.

Continuous Israeli airstrikes on Gaza, hundreds killed and wounded

Gaza – Nazir Taha

The ceasefire agreement was violated, and continuous airstrikes were launched on all areas of the Gaza Strip, leaving hundreds of martyrs and wounded, the majority of whom were children and women.
The Palestinian Ministry of Health said, in its latest report, that 429 people were killed and 612 wounded and hospitalized in hospitals in the Gaza Strip, as a result of the multiple attacks and massacres committed by the occupation since the early hours of Tuesday morning. Medical sources reported that 14 martyrs were transferred to hospitals in the Gaza Strip as a result of the occupation’s raids on various areas in Gaza last night. Yesterday morning, the occupation committed a massacre against the al-Hattab family in the al-Sabra neighborhood, south of Gaza City, after bombing the family’s four-story home, which contained more than 30 dead people. Medical sources explained that 4 martyrs and a number of wounded were transferred from the al-Hattab family home to the Baptist Hospital in Gaza City, while some are still under the rubble. The sources said that 10 martyrs were killed as a result of the occupation forces targeting a tent housing displaced people in the vicinity of the al-Masi area, southwest of Khan Yunis, in the southern Gaza Strip. A pregnant woman from the Al-Hamadi family and a child were killed, and three other civilians were injured as a result of the occupation’s bombing of a tent housing displaced people north of Khan Yanis, while four other civilians were killed as a result of the occupation’s aircraft targeting a tent housing displaced people opposite the Al-Kala Club west of Khan Yanis. Israeli helicopters fired at civilian homes west of the al-Nusraat refugee camp in the central Gaza Strip, and targeted civilian homes in the al-Bureij and Deir al-Balah areas. During the early morning hours, Israeli aircraft bombed a tent near the al-Mahta Park in the al-Tuffah neighborhood east of Gaza City, while launching a series of raids on areas in the northern Gaza Strip. In this context, Hamas’s political bureau member, Bassem Naim, confirmed that the latest Israeli military escalation endangers the lives of Israeli prisoners in the Gaza Strip. Naim said in a press statement: “This dangerous escalation, which has caused great material and human losses among the Palestinians, will not spare the Israeli prisoners, warning that their lives are now directly threatened.”

Lebanese measures to control the border with Syria

Yesterday, Wednesday, the Lebanese Army closed four illegal border crossings. The Army Command said in a press statement that “within the framework of monitoring and controlling the border in light of the current circumstances, and working to prevent infiltration and smuggling, an army unit closed the illegal crossings, namely Al-Matalaba in the Qasr-Hermel area, and Al-Fatha, Al-Maarawiya, and Sahit Al-Hajri in the Mashari’ Al-Qaa-Baalbek area.” Yesterday, Wednesday, the Lebanese army entered the border town of Has al-Sayyid Ali, and the National News Agency reported that this came after the withdrawal of secret groups from the town. Over the past two days, the Lebanese border villages and towns witnessed shelling from secret areas, resulting in the deaths of seven civilians and the wounding of 52 others, according to the Public Health Emergency Operations Center, affiliated with the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, in a statement on Monday.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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