This collection of news articles from Saudi Arabia covers a diverse range of topics. Several pieces discuss the Kingdom’s energy sector, including nuclear power ambitions and collaborations. Other articles highlight social and developmental initiatives, such as healthcare projects, educational programs focusing on technology and AI, and support for humanitarian aid. International relations are featured through reports on Saudi Arabia’s role in regional talks and its reactions to global events. Economic news includes discussions on foreign investment, the cement industry, and the space economy. Finally, cultural and local interest stories touch on heritage, literature, sports, and preparations for the Hajj season.

Understanding the Sources: A Study Guide

Quiz

1. What is the primary objective of the framework agreement mentioned in the first excerpt, and what international body supported it?
2. According to the second excerpt, what is “METER” and what significant achievement did it recently attain on a global scale?
3. The third excerpt discusses a ministerial meeting focused on human capacity development. What was the main theme of this meeting and under whose patronage did it occur?
4. What is the stated purpose of the discussions between the Kingdom and the United States mentioned in the fourth excerpt?
5. According to the fifth excerpt, what is the “Human Capability Initiative (HCI)” conference aiming to achieve under the slogan “What’s After Readiness for the Future?”
6. The sixth excerpt highlights Saudi Arabia achieving a major award at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions. What was the award and from which university was the winning innovator?
7. What was the focus of the innovative projects from Umm Al-Qura University that earned them the French Inventors’ Federation medal at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, as mentioned in the seventh excerpt?
8. The eighth excerpt discusses the “Barmag wa Asna’a” (Program and Create) initiative. What is the main goal of the innovations developed through this program?
9. According to the ninth excerpt, what are the key objectives Saudi Arabia aims to achieve by developing its space sector and establishing the Saudi Space Authority?
10. The tenth excerpt discusses Saudi cities being recognized in the IMD Smart City Index. What does this recognition reflect about the Kingdom’s development approach?

Quiz Answer Key

1. The primary objective of the framework agreement is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and ensure the peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear program. The UN Security Council supported this decision through Resolution 2231.
2. “METER” is a Saudi platform and application in the spatial technology sector, specializing in surveying and engineering work. It recently achieved membership in the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), becoming the first Saudi platform in its field to reach this global recognition.
3. The main theme of the ministerial meeting was “Enabling Equitable Access to Future Capabilities: Skills of Artificial Intelligence for All.” The meeting occurred under the patronage of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Chairman of the Human Capacity Development Program Committee.
4. The stated purpose of the discussions between the Kingdom and the United States is cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
5. The Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference aims to highlight the Kingdom’s leading role in the global dialogue surrounding the future of human capacity development and to continue developing the educational system to meet the demands of the labor market in line with Saudi Vision 2030.
6. Saudi Arabia achieved the Grand Prize at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions. The winning innovator was Dr. Saad Al-Shahrani from Majmaah University.
7. The innovative projects from Umm Al-Qura University that won the French Inventors’ Federation medal focused on improving the quality of life globally in the field of biomedical technology, including a smart respiratory device for early detection of infectious diseases, a smart device for managing nutritional deficiencies, and a 3D dynamic bone marrow model for simulating cellular interactions.
8. The main goal of the innovations developed through the “Barmag wa Asna’a” initiative is to improve the quality of life globally.
9. Saudi Arabia aims to enhance the national economy, open new avenues for investment in various sectors (including military, technological, and educational), diversify sources of income, build advanced infrastructure, and promote innovation in the space sector through the Saudi Space Authority, ultimately supporting the objectives of Vision 2030.
10. The recognition of Saudi cities in the IMD Smart City Index reflects the scale of the Kingdom’s digital transformation and the developmental approach it is adopting within the framework of its ambitious Vision 2030.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of the various initiatives and events highlighted in the sources (e.g., HCI conference, Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, “METER” achievement) in the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. How do these seemingly disparate events contribute to the overarching goals of the Vision?
2. Discuss the significance of international collaborations and agreements, as exemplified by the nuclear framework agreement and “METER’s” membership in FIG, for Saudi Arabia’s global standing and its domestic development objectives.
3. Evaluate the role of technological advancement and innovation, evident in the discussions on AI skills, space technology development, and smart city initiatives, in Saudi Arabia’s strategy for economic diversification and human capital development as outlined in the sources.
4. Compare and contrast the different sectors and areas of focus highlighted in the sources (e.g., international relations, technology, human development, healthcare). What common threads or priorities can be identified across these diverse topics in the context of Saudi Arabia’s current trajectory?
5. Considering the range of topics covered, what do these excerpts collectively suggest about Saudi Arabia’s priorities and its vision for the future on both a domestic and international level?

Glossary of Key Terms

• G20: The Group of Twenty, an international forum comprising the world’s major developed and developing economies.
• UN Security Council Resolution 2231: A United Nations resolution endorsing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal.
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): An international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
• FIG (International Federation of Surveyors): The premier international non-governmental organization representing the interests of surveyors and all those whose professional activities are concerned with land and spatially related information.
• Geomatics: The discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering geographically referenced information.
• Human Capacity Development: The process of equipping individuals with the understanding, skills, and access to information, knowledge, and training that enables them to perform effectively.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
• OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development): An intergovernmental economic organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
• Saudi Vision 2030: A strategic framework to reduce Saudi Arabia’s reliance on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions: An annual event showcasing new inventions and innovations from around the world.
• Biomedical Technology: The application of engineering and technology principles to the medical field.
• “Barmag wa Asna’a” (Program and Create): An initiative focused on empowering individuals through programming and innovation skills.
• Saudi Space Authority: The governmental body responsible for organizing and developing the space sector in Saudi Arabia.
• IMD Smart City Index: A global ranking of cities based on their adoption of technology and its impact on the quality of life of citizens.
• Digital Transformation: The use of digital technologies to radically improve performance and reach of enterprises.
• Sustainability: The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. In this context, often refers to environmentally sustainable practices.
• Expo 2025 Osaka: A World Exposition to be held in Osaka, Japan, in 2025, with various countries showcasing their achievements and future plans.
• “Al-Hurra”: An Arabic-language satellite television network funded by the U.S. government.
• “Kalam Nawaem”: An Arabic talk show featuring four female hosts discussing various social and cultural issues.
• “The Other Story” Project: A project focused on collecting and sharing personal stories to foster understanding and empathy.
• “Qaylat”: A local term in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia referring to recreational outings and picnics in valleys and mountainous areas, especially during and after rainfall.
• “Citizen Account” Program: A Saudi Arabian social welfare program providing cash transfers to eligible citizens.
• Rabigh: A city on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia known for its industrial developments, including a major Aramco refinery.
• Total Solar Eclipse: A celestial event where the Moon completely blocks the Sun.
• BRICS: An acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• “Belt and Road” Initiative: A global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the Chinese government involving investments in over 150 countries and international organizations.
• “Trump Trade War”: A period characterized by the imposition of tariffs by the United States under President Donald Trump on imports from various countries, leading to retaliatory measures and trade tensions.
• Tariffs: Taxes imposed on imported goods and services.
• Protectionist Trade Policies: Government actions, such as tariffs and quotas, that restrict international trade to protect domestic industries.
• Supply Chains: The network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer.
• Inflation: A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
• Recession: A significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.
• “Human-centered care”: A model of healthcare that prioritizes the individual needs and preferences of patients.
• “Prior-authorization-free networks”: Healthcare networks that do not require pre-approval for certain medical services.
• Saudi Arabian Olympic and Paralympic Committee: The national governing body for sports in Saudi Arabia, responsible for overseeing the Olympic and Paralympic movements.
• VAR (Video Assistant Referee): A system used in sports, particularly football (soccer), to review decisions made by the head referee with the use of video footage and a communication link to a video assistant referee.

April 14, 2025 News Review: Saudi Arabia and Global Events

BRIEFING DOCUMENT

1. **International Relations and Geopolitics:**

* **Iran Nuclear Deal:** The document mentions the 2015 Iran nuclear agreement as a significant historical resolution to the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the Middle East. It highlights UNSC Resolution 2231, which endorsed the deal. The aim historically was to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.

* **Saudi Arabia and Nuclear Energy:** The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is considering launching an independent nuclear energy program since August 2009. In September 2023, the Minister of Energy confirmed the intention to build a nuclear power plant, including plans for small reactors and a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA.

* **US-Saudi Cooperation:** There is a trend towards expanding bilateral relations between Riyadh and Washington, particularly in strategic sectors like energy and the environment, aligning with global shifts. An initial agreement was signed to broaden cooperation in energy, technology, and mining.

* **US Airstrikes in Yemen:** The US military reportedly conducted 10 airstrikes in northern Yemen, targeting various locations. The Houthi-affiliated “Al-Masirah” channel reported 3 strikes in Saada governorate and 2 in Al-Manira district of Al-Bayda governorate. There was no reported aggression on Al-Hudaydah.

* **US-Iran Talks (via Oman):** Saudi Arabia welcomed Oman’s hosting of Iranian-American talks, with Gulf and Arab states viewing them as a positive step towards regional stability. This marks the highest level of discussions since Trump’s withdrawal from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal in 2018.

* **China’s Perspective on Saudi Arabia and US Policies:** China considers developing relations with Saudi Arabia a priority and notes the mutual political trust and over $100 billion in economic investments. China views Saudi Arabia as crucial for regional peace and stability. Regarding US President Trump’s tariffs, China strongly opposes them, stating they undermine global economic rules.

2. **Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and National Development:**

* **Human Capability Development Initiative (HCI) Conference:** The second edition of the HCI conference was held under the patronage of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, focusing on “Beyond Readiness for the Future.” A closed ministerial meeting on “Enabling Skills for the Future: Making Equitable Access to AI Skills” brought together 20 ministers and international experts. Discussions centered on the pivotal role of digital skills, the importance of adapting to future economic and digital transformations, integrating AI skills in education, and fostering international cooperation.

* **”Mutam” Platform and Global Recognition:** The Saudi “Mutam” platform, specializing in surveying and engineering, joined the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) as a member, marking a significant achievement. This aligns with Vision 2030’s goal of enhancing Saudi Arabia’s capabilities in various technological and scientific sectors.

* **Investment in Human Capital:** Minister of Investment Khalid Al-Falih emphasized that developing human skills is a priority for Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. He noted a quadrupling of direct foreign investment and a 40% increase in jobs in these companies. He highlighted the interconnectedness of investment and education, with Vision 2030 focusing on both.

* **Developments in Healthcare Sector:** Under the patronage of the Crown Prince, numerous health projects worth over 5 billion Riyals were inaugurated in Riyadh’s health clusters. These include expansions of existing hospitals, new specialized centers, and primary healthcare facilities, aiming to improve access to high-quality healthcare services in line with the Health Sector Transformation Program, a part of Vision 2030.

* **Advancements in Education and Innovation:** Saudi Arabia achieved the grand prize at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions in 2025. Dr. Saad Al-Anzi from Majmaah University won the “Innovative Inventor” award. Additionally, Saudi participants won 6 international awards and 124 global medals. Umm Al-Qura University also received the French Inventors Federation medal for health-focused innovations. Minister of Education Yousef Al-Benyan congratulated the leadership on these achievements.

* **”Barmj wa Asna’” (Code and Create) Initiative:** The second edition of this initiative was launched in cooperation with non-profit organizations, aiming to empower students in digital skills and future technologies. The first edition saw over 200 student participants, and the second aims to broaden its reach.

* **King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre:** Organized a “Training of Trainers” (TOT) course in Hadramout Governorate, focusing on renewable energy products and traditional cooking methods.

* **Space Authority’s Role:** The Saudi Space Authority plays a pivotal role in enhancing the national economy and opening new horizons in technological, educational, and even military investment. It contributes to diversifying income sources and achieving Vision 2030 goals by developing space infrastructure and fostering innovation.

* **Saudi Cities in the IMD Smart City Index:** Several Saudi cities, including Riyadh, Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, Al-Khobar, and AlUla, were included in the 2025 IMD Smart City Index. This reflects the progress in digital transformation and the Kingdom’s developmental approach under Vision 2030. AlUla is highlighted as a unique model blending heritage, sustainability, and technology.

3. **Economic Developments:**

* **Increased Liquidity in Local Banks:** The Saudi economy’s cash liquidity surpassed 3.033 trillion Riyals by the end of February 2025, attributed to prudent monetary policies and central bank reserves. This has provided local banks with flexibility in offering credit facilities.

* **Cement Sector Performance:** A report indicated a slight decrease in total cement production in March 2025 compared to the previous year, although total inventory increased. Local sales for Riyadh Cement Company declined in March, despite the entire month coinciding with Ramadan this year. Exports, however, saw a significant increase. The CEO of Riyadh Cement stated that sales were good and appropriate during Ramadan 2025, considering the usual slowdown in construction activity during this month, but noted an overall 6% increase in sales in the first quarter compared to 2024 due to ongoing construction projects aligned with Vision 2030.

* **Saudi Arabia as a Potential Logistics Hub:** The article suggests that global trade wars could present Saudi Arabia with an opportunity to become a major global logistics hub for re-export, especially between America and China/Europe. Saudi Arabia’s lower tariffs compared to potential US tariffs could attract increased re-exports. Re-exported goods from Saudi Arabia saw a 42.3% increase in 2024, reaching 90.2 billion Riyals.

4. **Social Issues and Healthcare:**

* **”Azm” Association for Multiple Sclerosis Patients:** The Deputy Governor of Hail received members of the “Azm” Association, which supports patients with multiple sclerosis in the region, acknowledging their efforts in promoting health development programs.

* **Najran as a Healthy City:** The Director-General of the Ministry of Health branch in Najran and the Deputy Chairman of the Healthy Najran City Committee presented the achievements and indicators for the city’s classification according to WHO standards, aligning with Vision 2030 goals. The Governor of Najran also launched “Social Communication” for the health sector in the region.

* **World Parkinson’s Day:** An article highlights the importance of early diagnosis, improved care, and support for Parkinson’s disease patients.

* **Psychological Well-being of Students:** An academic discussed the psychological pressures faced by students, particularly during exams, noting the impact of stress hormones like cortisol, leading to anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances. The crucial role of family support in reassuring students was also mentioned.

* **Challenges to the Saudi Customs Tariff:** The article discusses how the current global economic scene and potential trade wars could offer economic and commercial opportunities for Saudi Arabia, aiming to become a global logistics hub.

5. **Media and Culture:**

* **King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language:** Participated in the Human Capability Development Conference, showcasing its initiatives to support and empower the Arabic language.

* **Saudi Arabia’s Pavilion at Expo 2025 Osaka:** The Kingdom’s pavilion, the second largest after the host country, was inaugurated, inviting visitors to explore Saudi Arabia’s history and promising projects in health, space, and energy, under the umbrella of Vision 2030.

* **Trump Halts Alhurra TV:** US President Donald Trump stopped the funding for Alhurra TV, a US-funded Arabic-language news channel, after over two decades of operation and significant expenditure. This decision led to job losses and marked a controversial end to the network.

* **”Maknana” Exhibition on Digital Art:** An exhibition titled “Maknana” (meaning “automation” or “digitization”) showcases digital artworks by a selection of Saudi and Arab artists, exploring the interaction of Arab artists with the digital environment.

* **Fatima Al-Banawi on “Kalam Nawaem”:** Actress Fatima Al-Banawi appeared on the talk show “Kalam Nawaem,” discussing her sensitivity, empathy, and her project “The Other Story,” which collects personal narratives.

* **Book Review on Early Automobile Introduction in Saudi Arabia:** A review discusses a book comparing the societal reception of camels and early automobiles in the Tabuk region, highlighting the initial astonishment and the eventual shift in transportation.

6. **Sports:**

* **Saudi Professional League:** Al-Ahli defeated Al-Raed 2-0. Real Madrid trails Barcelona by 7 points in the Spanish league. Inter Milan maintains its lead in the Italian Serie A. Manchester City defeated Crystal Palace 5-2 in the English Premier League, with Kevin De Bruyne returning to form.

* **Ancelotti’s Future with Real Madrid:** Ancelotti remains calm about his future despite speculation.

* **Saudi Taekwondo Federation:** The General Assembly of the Saudi Taekwondo Federation withdrew confidence from the current board of directors due to administrative violations and appointed Saban bin Mohammed Al-Shaban to manage the federation for 90 days pending new elections.

* **Use of VAR in Football:** An article discusses the ongoing debate surrounding the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in football, noting that while the technology aims to reduce errors and increase fairness, controversial decisions by referees still occur, sometimes contradicting clear VAR footage and leading to fan dissatisfaction and accusations of bias.

Quotes from Original Sources:

* Regarding the Iran Nuclear Deal: “.” (This G20 framework agreement limits this nuclear agreement and it does not constitute a political agreement recently concluded and not signed between the two countries. The Security Council supported it through Resolution 2231, and the representatives of the international community recognized and considered it a historical agreement that aims to the following settlement: historically, it is one of the most severe crises of nuclear weapons proliferation in the Middle East, guaranteeing its nature and the longest.)

* Minister of Energy on nuclear power: “.” (…the Minister of Energy confirmed the Kingdom’s intention to build a nuclear power plant, including plans for small reactors and a protocol to abolish small quantities into a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency.)

* Minister of Investment on human capital: ” (Minister Al-Falih clarified that human capital is considered among the priorities of Prince Mohammed bin Salman in developing human skills.)

* Saudi Space Authority’s vision: “Saudi( روؤية 2030.” (The Saudi Space Authority plays a pivotal role in enhancing the national economy and opening new horizons for investment in various fields: military, technological, and educational, through international cooperation, innovation, and infrastructure development. The Authority contributes to diversifying sources of income and achieving the goals of the national Vision 2030.)

* Minister of Education on Geneva Inventions Exhibition: .” (The Minister of Education, Abdullah bin Yousef Al-Benyan, congratulated the wise leadership – may God preserve them – on the achievement of Dr. Saad Al-Shadi Al-Anzi, the innovative inventor from Majmaah University, who won the grand prize at the 50th edition of the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions for the year 2025. Furthermore, students from the Kingdom won 6 international awards and 124 global medals during the universities’ and education’s participation in the exhibition.)

* Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman on HCI (implied through patronage): (Under the patronage of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince, Deputy Prime Minister, and Chairman of the Committee of the Human Capability Development Program – may God protect him -, the Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference launched yesterday in its second edition under the slogan “Beyond Readiness for the Future” with the participation of…)

* Minister of State for Foreign Affairs on Oman talks: “المملكة ترحب باستضافة ُعمان للمحادثات اإليرانية – األميركية دول خليجية وعربية: المحادثات خطوة إيجابية ستسهم في تعزيز االستقرار في المنطقة” (The Kingdom welcomes Oman’s hosting of Iranian-American talks. Gulf and Arab states: The talks are a positive step that will contribute to enhancing stability in the region.)

* Chinese Minister Counsellor on US Tariffs: ” (…affirming that China denounces these policies, which it described as destroying the rules of the international economy, by US President Donald Trump.)

* Alhurra TV’s closure: “.” (Today, after more than two decades since its launch, “Alhurra” lowers the curtain – not with a celebration, but silently. Employees of the channel mournfully announce the end of their journey on “LinkedIn,” with poignant messages like “My journey with Alhurra… has ended,” “Looking for a job,” “After 15 years of work… today I became unemployed.”)

This briefing document summarizes the key information and themes present in the provided news excerpts from Al-Riyadh newspaper dated April 14, 2025. It covers a range of topics including international relations, Saudi Arabia’s national development initiatives under Vision 2030, economic trends, social and health issues, media and culture, and sports news, incorporating relevant quotes to illustrate key points.

Saudi Arabia: Developments and Initiatives

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What is the significance of the framework agreement mentioned in the context of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East? The framework agreement mentioned, supported by UN Security Council Resolution 2231, is described as a crucial and long-term settlement aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons in the Middle East. Historically, it is considered one of the most significant agreements to address the crisis of nuclear weapons proliferation and specifically ensures the peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear program.

2. What are Saudi Arabia’s recent intentions and actions regarding nuclear energy? Since August 2009, the Saudi government has been considering launching an independent nuclear energy program. In September 2023, the Minister of Energy confirmed the Kingdom’s intention to build a nuclear power plant. This includes plans to potentially move away from the Small Quantities Protocol to a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency. Additionally, Saudi Arabia is expanding bilateral relations with Washington, focusing on strategic sectors like energy and the environment, as evidenced by a preliminary agreement to broaden cooperation in energy, technical, and mining fields.

3. What is the “Murt” platform and its recent achievement? “Murt” is a Saudi platform and application in the spatial technologies and engineering sector. It recently achieved membership in the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), a significant step towards enhancing the Kingdom’s position in this field globally. “Murt” is the first Saudi platform specializing in surveying and engineering works to attain this prestigious international recognition.

4. What were the main discussion points and outcomes of the Ministerial Roundtable Meeting on Human Capacity Development hosted by Saudi Arabia? The Ministerial Roundtable Meeting focused on the pivotal role of digital skills in human capacity development and the importance of enabling individuals and institutions to keep pace with future economic and digital transformations. Discussions also covered strategies for developing national educational curricula, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) skills and digital education, ensuring equitable access to AI technologies and digital training, and fostering international cooperation to find global solutions. The ministers agreed to issue a joint statement including key visions and recommendations, such as integrating basic AI concepts into national educational curricula and promoting lifelong learning opportunities in AI.

5. How is Saudi Arabia leveraging international events and collaborations to advance its Vision 2030 goals, particularly in human capacity development and technology? Saudi Arabia is actively hosting and participating in international events like the Human Capacity Initiative (HCI) Conference, which brings together global leaders and experts to discuss the future of human capital development. These initiatives, aligned with Vision 2030, aim to establish the Kingdom as an influential force on the international stage. Collaborations with international organizations like UNESCO, the OECD, and the World Bank, as well as the organization of events like the International Education Exhibition (EDGEx) in 2025, demonstrate Saudi Arabia’s commitment to fostering partnerships and knowledge exchange to enhance its human capital and technological capabilities. The Kingdom is also focusing on attracting foreign investments and diversifying its economy through technology and innovation.

6. What were the key health initiatives launched or highlighted in Riyadh, reflecting Saudi Arabia’s focus on healthcare under Vision 2030? Under the patronage of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, significant health projects were inaugurated in the Riyadh region, totaling over 3 billion riyals across nine health clusters. These include the King Saud Medical City’s women’s and children’s hospital (the second medical tower), expansions at King Salman Hospital, new and upgraded primary healthcare centers, urgent care and long-term care facilities, and specialized dental and kidney dialysis centers. These projects aim to enhance access to high-quality healthcare services, improve the efficiency and sustainability of the national health system, and increase the scope and quality of medical care in line with the goals of the Health Sector Transformation Program, a part of Vision 2030.

7. How did Saudi universities and innovators perform at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, and what does this signify for the Kingdom’s innovation landscape? Saudi Arabia achieved significant success at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions in 2025. Dr. Saad Al-Anzi from Majmaah University won the grand prize for innovators, and Saudi participants collectively earned 6 international awards and 124 global medals. This marked a first for an educational organization since the exhibition’s inception. The participation of 134 inventions representing over 1000 global innovations from 35 countries highlights the Kingdom’s growing focus on innovation and the talent within its general, university, and technical education sectors. This achievement underscores the support, motivation, and empowerment of national minds in advancing the innovation landscape.

8. What is the Saudi Space Authority’s role in the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, and what are some of its key initiatives? The Saudi Space Authority plays a pivotal role in bolstering the national economy and opening new avenues for investment in technological, educational, and even military fields through international cooperation, innovation, and infrastructure development. Established in 2018, it aims to diversify sources of income and achieve the objectives of Vision 2030 by fostering technological investment and innovation in the space sector. Key initiatives include the launch of an alliance to support entrepreneurship in the space sector, the “SpaceUp Demo Day” program to nurture emerging companies, and attracting innovative projects. The Authority is also focused on developing advanced technology infrastructure, enhancing internet and communication services, and contributing to advancements in sectors like health and education, aligning with the digital transformation priorities of Vision 2030.

US-Iran Talks in Oman: Regional Support

The sources indicate that there have been talks between Iran and the United States. The Sultanate of Oman hosted these discussions, and this initiative was welcomed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed its support for these efforts and the adoption of dialogue as a means to end all regional and international disputes. The Kingdom stated its hope that the outcomes of the Iranian-American talks would contribute to strengthening security, stability, and peace in the region and the world.

Furthermore, Qatar also welcomed Oman’s hosting of these talks between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America. Qatar’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs emphasized its full support for the approach of dialogue and negotiation to resolve all outstanding issues between America and Iran. This stance is based on Qatar’s firm belief in the importance of consolidating peace, promoting stability, and enhancing security and development at both the regional and international levels.

Kuwait also expressed its welcome for Oman’s hosting of the talks between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America. Similarly, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan affirmed its support for the diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving regional and international conflicts through dialogue, commending Oman’s role in hosting these talks, which contribute to achieving security and stability in the region.

The Secretary-General of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi, also welcomed Oman’s hosting of the talks between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America.

It is worth noting that one source discusses a potential civil nuclear agreement between Saudi Arabia and the United States, outlining its potential benefits for both countries’ energy and economic objectives, as well as the development of peaceful nuclear industries. However, this source does not directly provide information about the Iranian nuclear program.

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

Source discusses the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. This treaty is described as a prominent international treaty that aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. In addition to preventing proliferation, the treaty also focuses on promoting cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and furthering the goal of nuclear disarmament. It is presented as a treaty with the goal of general and complete disarmament and nuclear disarmament. According to source, the nuclear states that are party to the treaty have the sole binding commitment to achieve this disarmament goal.

Saudi Arabia: Peaceful Nuclear Energy and US Cooperation

The sources discuss Saudi nuclear energy in the context of potential agreements and cooperation for peaceful uses.

One source indicates that a civil nuclear agreement between Saudi Arabia and the United States could serve Saudi Arabia’s ambitious goals in the energy sector. This agreement could also benefit the American nuclear industry by potentially revitalizing it. Furthermore, this agreement would authorize a wide range of peaceful nuclear industries.

Another source mentions that Saudi Arabia and the United States have discussed cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy. During a meeting, both sides highlighted the significance of ongoing coordination and the exchange of expertise to bolster the transition towards more sustainable and efficient energy systems.

While other sources discuss Saudi Arabia’s broader energy landscape, such as water production projects and renewable energy initiatives, the direct references to nuclear energy focus on its peaceful applications and the potential for collaboration with the United States in this domain.

US-Saudi Cooperation: Security, Energy, and Economy

The sources indicate existing and potential areas of cooperation between the United States and Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia views its relationship with the United States as a fundamental cornerstone for enhancing the security and economy of the region and the world, given their significant international standing.

One area of cooperation is in regional security and stability. Saudi Arabia welcomed the talks held between Iran and the United States in Oman, expressing hope that the outcomes would contribute to strengthening security, stability, and peace in the region and the world.

Another significant area of cooperation lies in the energy sector. The sources mention discussions and potential agreements related to peaceful uses of nuclear energy. A civil nuclear agreement between Saudi Arabia and the United States could serve Saudi Arabia’s energy sector goals and potentially revitalize the American nuclear industry, authorizing a wide range of peaceful nuclear industries. Both countries have discussed cooperation in this field, emphasizing ongoing coordination and the exchange of expertise to support the transition towards more sustainable and efficient energy systems. Furthermore, the Saudi Minister of Energy met with the US Secretary of Energy to discuss enhancing bilateral cooperation in various aspects of the energy sector, including oil, gas, and petrochemical industries.

The sources also suggest potential for wider economic cooperation and investment. Political changes in the United States are anticipated to potentially lead to faster economic growth and broader investments between the two countries, specifically in the fields of energy and infrastructure, with the aim of achieving future prosperity.

It is also noteworthy that the strategic importance of the US-Saudi relationship is highlighted within a context of shifting global influence, particularly the competition between the US and China. This implies that the cooperation between the US and Saudi Arabia holds significance in the broader geopolitical landscape.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Transformation and Global Ambition

Based on the sources, Vision 2030 is a comprehensive plan with multifaceted goals for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several sources highlight its aim to transform Saudi Arabia into a leading global force across various sectors.

Key aspects and objectives of Vision 2030 discussed in the sources include:

• Economic Diversification: A central goal is to diversify the Saudi economy and reduce its reliance on oil through the development of new sectors and industries. This includes fostering investment in technology and innovation. The Kingdom aims to become a global logistics hub and facilitate re-export activities.
• Human Capital Development: Developing human skills and capabilities is a top priority within Vision 2030. The Human Capability Development Program is specifically designed to achieve this goal. This involves establishing a national educational framework, promoting continuous learning in fields like Artificial Intelligence (AI), and ensuring the education sector aligns with the demands of the labor market, creating new industries and jobs through research and development.
• Technological Advancement and Innovation: Vision 2030 emphasizes enhancing Saudi Arabia’s capabilities in technological and scientific sectors. This includes initiatives in areas like space technology through the Saudi Space Authority, which aims to contribute to the vision’s goals by diversifying income sources and fostering innovation in the space sector. The Kingdom aims to become a leading technological and innovative power.
• Quality of Life Enhancement: The vision focuses on improving the quality of life for its citizens. This includes urban development, fostering innovation in cities, and creating attractive investment opportunities. Projects in the health sector are also aligned with this objective.
• International Influence: Saudi Arabia aims to solidify its position as an influential force on the international stage by leading initiatives in areas like human capability development.
• Sector-Specific Development: Vision 2030 encompasses the development of various sectors:
• Energy: This includes the peaceful uses of nuclear energy [see our conversation history] and a transition towards more sustainable and efficient energy systems.
• Tourism: The development of the tourism sector is a key aspect, with initiatives like the Red Sea Project [see our conversation history] and the focus on cultural heritage.
• Space: The establishment of the Saudi Space Authority underscores the importance of the space sector in achieving the vision’s goals.
• Education and Research: Vision 2030 emphasizes the role of education in meeting the needs of the future workforce and driving innovation.
• Financial Strength: The sources indicate that Saudi Arabia’s financial discipline supports the goals of Vision 2030 and has increased the confidence of international institutions.
• Cultural Development: Initiatives like the King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language contribute to supporting and empowering the Arabic language within the framework of Vision 2030, reflecting the integration between language and development. The Saudi pavilion at Expo 2025 Osaka also highlights the Kingdom’s rich culture and transformative journey under Vision 2030.
• Attracting Foreign Investment: Vision 2030 aims to create an attractive environment for international companies and investments.

The success of major projects under Vision 2030 is also contributing to activity in sectors like building and construction. Even hosting significant international events like the “eclipse of the century” in 2027 is seen as aligning with the Kingdom’s ambition under Vision 2030 to be at the forefront of scientific advancement.

Main Headings

• برعاية ولي العهد.. وزاري «الطاولة المستديرة» يبحث «ما بعد الاستعداد للمستقبل» Under the patronage of the Crown Prince, the Ministerial Roundtable discusses “Beyond Future Preparation”
• المملكة وأميركا تبحثان التعاون في الاستخدام السلمي للطاقة النووية The Kingdom and the United States discuss cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
• المملكة وأميركا تبحثان التعاون في الاستخدام السلمي للطاقة النووية The Kingdom and the United States discuss cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
• أمير الرياض يدشن مشروعات صحية بأكثر من سبعة مليارات ريال The Emir of Riyadh inaugurates health projects worth more than seven billion riyals.
• السيولة النقدية في الاقتصاد السعودي تتجاوز 3.033تريليونات ريال Cash liquidity in the Saudi economy exceeds 3.033 trillion riyals.
• تحت شعار من السعودية إلى العالم منصة «متر» السعودية تنطلق نحو العالمية
• وتحصد عضوية الاتحاد الدولي للمساحة Under the slogan “From Saudi Arabia to the World,” the Saudi “Meter” platform is launching its global journey and gaining membership in the International Union of Surveyors.
• المملكة ترحب باستضافة عمان للمحادثات الإيرانية – الأميركية The Kingdom welcomes Amman’s hosting of the Iranian-American talks.
• غارات أميركية جديدة على اليمن New US raids on Yemen

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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Saudi Arabia has recently announced significant discoveries of oil and natural gas in the Eastern Province and Empty Quarter, reinforcing its position as a key energy provider aligned with Vision 2030’s economic diversification goals. The Kingdom is also seeing advancements in its infrastructure, with the completion of a major highway bridge in Taif and infrastructure work on numerous Riyadh. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia actively participated in an international space symposium and discussed geospatial information management with the UN and Singapore. Cultural and heritage efforts include a new book on Vision 2030, the acquisition of rare Qur’ans, and a study revealing the Arabian Peninsula’s past as a green oasis. Internationally, the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre continues its work in Yemen, while Saudi Aramco has signed an agreement for a major petrochemical project. The Kingdom’s engagement extends to the arts with the “Riyadh Art Week” and support for cinematic projects.

A Study Guide

Quiz

1. What were the two main categories of natural resource discoveries announced in the provided text, and in which regions of Saudi Arabia were they primarily located?
2. According to the excerpts, what is the overarching vision that guides Saudi Arabia’s current development, and how does the discovery of new oil and gas reserves fit into this vision?
3. The text mentions a significant environmental study. What was the primary method used in this study, approximately how many researchers were involved, and what was one of the key findings about the Arabian Peninsula’s ancient environment?
4. Several high-level diplomatic activities are mentioned. Identify one instance of a Saudi leader receiving a foreign dignitary and briefly describe the focus of their discussion.
5. What is the name of the annual cultural festival mentioned in the text that recently launched its first edition in Riyadh, and what is its stated aim?
6. The text highlights advancements in Saudi Arabia’s healthcare sector. Describe one specific achievement or development mentioned within the Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital.
7. What initiative has the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (“SDAIA”) undertaken to empower women in the field of AI, and what is the target number of beneficiaries for one of their programs?
8. The city of Al Khobar is mentioned in the context of digital transformation. What significant progress did it achieve in a global index, and what does this reflect about the Kingdom’s broader goals?
9. The text discusses the global oil market and the impact of international trade relations. Briefly explain one factor that contributed to the pressure on oil prices as mentioned in the excerpts.
10. What is the primary function of the “Nafaqa Fund” (نفقة صندوق) under the Saudi Ministry of Justice, and what is one of its reported achievements in 2024?

Quiz Answer Key

1. The two main categories of natural resource discoveries were new oil discoveries and new natural gas discoveries. These discoveries were primarily located in the Eastern Province and the Empty Quarter (الربع الخالي) of Saudi Arabia.
2. The overarching vision is Vision 2030, which aims for economic diversification. The new oil and gas discoveries are seen not as an end goal, but as a starting point to fuel this diversification and strengthen Saudi Arabia’s position in the global energy market during the transition.
3. The primary method used in the environmental study was the analysis of 22 cave formations known scientifically as “stalagmites” (الهوابط) extracted from seven cave entrances near the As-Sulb Plateau, northeast of Riyadh. One key finding was that the Arabian Peninsula was once a green and fertile environment with multiple wet phases, contrary to its current arid nature.
4. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman received telephone calls from French President Emmanuel Macron and British Prime Minister. The discussions focused on reviewing the friendly relations and joint cooperation between the two countries, ways to develop them to serve common interests, and exchanging views on regional and international issues and efforts to achieve stability.
5. The annual cultural festival is “Al Haraki Cultural Week” (أسبوع الثقافي الحراكي) in Riyadh. Its stated aim is to celebrate contemporary Saudi art, open horizons for artistic exchange with the global scene, and explore concepts of transformation, renewal, and diverse identities within art.
6. Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital has achieved significant success in diagnosing and treating structural heart diseases without the need for open-heart surgery. This includes performing numerous mitral valve repair (Mitral Valve Clip) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures, as well as closing congenital defects like PDA, ASD, and VSD using catheterization.
7. The Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (“SDAIA”) launched the “Elevate” program in cooperation with Google Cloud, which aims to empower more than 25,000 women in the fields of AI and technology through specialized training camps and programs.
8. Al Khobar advanced 38 places to rank 61st globally in the IMD Smart City Index for 2025. This reflects the ambitious vision of the Saudi leadership to make the Kingdom’s cities models of urban smartness, innovation, and efficiency in line with Vision 2030.
9. One factor contributing to the pressure on oil prices was the announcement by US President Donald Trump of potential additional tariffs on most imports from China. This raised fears of a global trade war, which could negatively impact global economic growth and, consequently, the demand for fuel.
10. The primary function of the “Nafaqa Fund” (نفقة صندوق) is to ensure the regular disbursement of monthly alimony payments to eligible beneficiaries without delay. In 2024, the fund reportedly disbursed more than 78 million riyals to over 23,000 beneficiaries.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, the recent discoveries of oil and gas, and the Kingdom’s commitment to environmental sustainability as presented in the excerpts. How do these elements support or potentially challenge one another?
2. Discuss the significance of the archaeological and environmental study highlighted in the text regarding the Arabian Peninsula’s past. What implications might these findings have for understanding regional history, biodiversity, and the impact of climate change?
3. Evaluate the role of international partnerships and diplomatic engagements in advancing Saudi Arabia’s economic and cultural objectives, drawing on specific examples from the provided text.
4. Critically assess the advancements in technology and innovation showcased in the excerpts, including developments in artificial intelligence, smart cities, and healthcare. What are the potential benefits and challenges associated with these advancements for Saudi Arabia’s future?
5. Examine the factors influencing the global oil market as described in the text, including geopolitical tensions and trade policies. How might these factors impact Saudi Arabia’s energy sector and its broader economic strategies?

Glossary of Key Terms

• روؤية 2030 (Ru’yah 2030 / Vision 2030): The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s ambitious long-term plan for economic and social reform, aiming to diversify the economy away from oil, develop public service sectors, and create a vibrant society.
• الربع الخالي (Ar-Rub’ al-Khali / The Empty Quarter): A vast desert region in the southeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, encompassing parts of Saudi Arabia, Oman, the UAE, and Yemen.
• الهوابط (Al-Hawabit / Stalagmites): Upward-growing mounds of mineral deposits that accumulate on the floor of caves from dripping water containing dissolved calcium carbonate.
• واس (WAS / Saudi Press Agency): The official news agency of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• الذكاء الاصطناعي (Adh-Dhaka’ Al-Istina’i / Artificial Intelligence – AI): The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.
• التحول الرقمي (At-Tahawwul Ar-Raqami / Digital Transformation): The use of digital technologies to radically improve performance and reach of enterprises.
• مؤشر المدن الذكية (Mu’ashir Al-Mudun Adh-Dhakiya / Smart City Index): A ranking that assesses and compares the progress and development of smart cities globally.
• أوبك + (OPEC+): An alliance of 23 of the world’s major oil-exporting countries, comprising the 13 OPEC members and 10 non-OPEC oil-producing countries.
• صندوق النفقة ( صندوق النفقة Sunduq An-Nafaqa / The النفقة Fund): A fund established by the Saudi Ministry of Justice to ensure the timely payment of alimony to divorced women and their children.
• الحياة الفطرية (Al-Hayat Al-Fitriya / Wildlife): The native fauna and flora of a region, especially those that have not been domesticated or cultivated.

Detailed Briefing Document: Analysis

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided news excerpts. Quotes from the original sources are included to illustrate the points. The sources cover a diverse range of topics, primarily focusing on Saudi Arabia and the wider Middle East.

Main Themes and Key Ideas:

1. Economic Diversification and Growth in Saudi Arabia (Vision 2030):

• New Hydrocarbon Discoveries: A significant theme revolves around the announcement of new oil and gas discoveries in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the Eastern Province and the Empty Quarter.
• “فبالأمس جرى الإعلان عن ثمانية اكتشافات جديدة للزيت وستة اكتشافات جديدة للغاز الطبيعي في المنطقة الشرقية والربع الخالي، لتعود بذلك المملكة إلى الواجهة كمصدر متجدد للطاقة، وكقلب نابض لسوق النفط العالمي، مرتكزة على رؤية 2030 التي لم تجعل من النفط غاية؛ وإنما نقطة انطلاق نحو تنويع الاقتصاد.”
• These discoveries are seen as bolstering the Kingdom’s position as a key energy provider while aligning with Vision 2030’s goal of economic diversification.
• Specific details are provided regarding the flow rates of natural gas and condensate from newly discovered wells in the Eastern Province (Al-Ghazlan, Aram, Al-Mahawaz) and the Empty Quarter (Marzuq).
• Focus Beyond Oil: Vision 2030 is highlighted as a roadmap for diversifying the economy, with oil serving as a starting point rather than the ultimate goal.
• “…رؤية 2030 التي لم تجعل من النفط غاية؛ وإنما نقطة انطلاق نحو تنويع الاقتصاد…”
• Environmental Responsibility and Cultural Heritage: The new discoveries are linked to the need to preserve the Kingdom’s material, environmental, cultural, and historical treasures.
• “ولعل في هذه الاكتشافات يلهمنا جميعًا بأن نعمل على ترسيخ مسؤوليتنا في الحفاظ عليها جميعًا والحفاظ على كنوزنا المادية والتاريخية والثقافية وحسن استثمارها ورعايتها، وأن نكون كمواطنين في قلب المسؤولية وعيًا وإنتاجًا وعطاء وارتباطًا.”
• Technological Advancement and Smart Cities: The progress of Al-Khobar in the Smart Cities Index is noted as a reflection of the Kingdom’s advancements in digital transformation and innovation.
• “…عن تقدم مدينة الخبر في عالميًا 61 المركز لتحتل مركزًا 38 مؤشر المدن الذكية لعام 2025.”
• This achievement aligns with the leadership’s vision of making Saudi cities “smart, innovative, and efficient.”
• Industrial Growth: The issuance of new industrial licenses and the commencement of production in numerous factories in January 2025 indicate industrial sector growth.
• “أصدرت وزارة الصناعة والثروة المعدنية 63 ترخيصًا صناعيًا جديدًا خلال شهر يناير الماضي 2025، فيما بدأت 103 مصانع جديدة الإنتاج خلال الشهر نفسه…”
• Investment in Education: The importance of investing in education to meet the goals of Vision 2030 is emphasized.
• “…أن يكون لدينا مخرجات تعليمية تواكب رؤية المملكة 2030م، ويكون المواطن السعودي منافسًا عالميًا، والمواطنة…”
• Space Technology Development: Efforts to unify technical standards in the space sector and foster international cooperation are underway, aligning with Vision 2030.
• “وتهدف الجلسة الفضائية إلى مناقشة توحيد المعايير الفنية وتوفير منصة دولية فاعلة للحوار ومناقشة التحديات المرتبطة بتوسيع نطاق استخدام التقنيات، بالإضافة إلى دعم الاستثمار وتعزيز منظومة متكاملة وتطوير التقدم التقني في هذا المجال الحيوي…”

2. Regional Geopolitics and International Relations:

• Lebanon-Greece Relations: The Lebanese President received the Greek Defense Minister, discussing the strengthening of bilateral relations in various fields.
• The Lebanese President stated that “Lebanese-Greek relations are rooted in history and cooperation between the two countries exists in more than one field.”
• Crown Prince’s Diplomatic Engagement: The Crown Prince received phone calls from the French President and the British Prime Minister, discussing bilateral cooperation and regional/international issues.
• Syrian Diplomatic Reshuffle: Syria announced a “restructuring” of its embassies and the recall of its ambassadors from Russia and Saudi Arabia, following “directives from President Bashar al-Assad.”
• Lebanon-Israel Tensions: The Lebanese President highlighted that Israeli attacks violate UN Resolution 1701 and stressed that the future of Hezbollah’s weapons is contingent on Israel’s withdrawal and cessation of aggression.
• The President stated that “Israeli aggressions violate Resolution 1701.”
• Yemen Humanitarian Efforts: The Saudi Program for the Development and Reconstruction of Yemen continues to provide aid through mobile medical clinics, reaching thousands of beneficiaries.
• Pakistan Bilateral Discussions: The Saudi Foreign Minister met with the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Pakistan to discuss bilateral relations and cooperation.

3. Humanitarian Crises and Aid:

• South Sudan Humanitarian Crisis: The reduction of US aid is reported to be exacerbating the humanitarian situation in South Sudan, leading to the closure of health centers and the deaths of children.
• “…the reduction of American aid…closed most of the state’s health centers…”
• An international NGO reported the deaths of at least five South Sudanese youths while seeking life-saving care.
• Ukraine Conflict Casualties: The UN estimates that around 13,000 civilians have been killed since the beginning of the war in Ukraine.
• “…the United Nations estimates that around 13,000 civilians have been killed since the beginning of the war in Ukraine.”

4. Cultural and Social Developments in Saudi Arabia:

• Flourishing Arts and Culture Scene: The launch of the “Heraak Cultural Week” in Riyadh signifies the Kingdom’s dynamic arts scene and its growing position as a leading artistic destination.
• “…reflects the quality leap in art that the Kingdom is witnessing, and its growing position as a leading artistic destination at the regional level…”
• “Ard Al-Million” Program: The return of the “Ard Al-Million” (Land of the Million) reality competition show highlights the entertainment and media landscape.
• King Abdulaziz Public Library’s Rare Manuscripts: The library holds a significant collection of rare and valuable Qur’anic manuscripts, showcasing Islamic art and calligraphy.
• “Fan Al-Mamlaka” Exhibition: The “Fan Al-Mamlaka” (Art of the Kingdom) exhibition continues its tour, showcasing contemporary Saudi art and reflecting the Kingdom’s cultural identity.
• King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language: The academy launched a “Muserra’a” (accelerator) for Arabic language innovations, aiming to expand the impact of the Arabic language and support entrepreneurs in this field.

5. Economic Trends and Global Markets:

• Impact of US Economic Policies: Concerns are raised about the potential for a US economic slowdown or recession due to rising interest rates, inflation, and potential tax hikes.
• “…the American economy has recently witnessed a noticeable rise in interest rates, which has led to an increase in the cost of borrowing and a significant decline in investments.”
• US-China Trade Tensions: The escalating trade war between the US and China is highlighted as a major factor putting downward pressure on oil prices and threatening global economic growth.
• “Donald Trump’s announcement of imposing sweeping customs duties on most imports raised fears of a global trade war…”
• Oil Price Volatility: Oil prices have been under pressure due to trade tensions and increased OPEC+ production. Analysts predict potential further declines.
• “Oil prices are under pressure this year due to US customs duties.”
• Saudi Consumer Behavior: Saudi consumer behavior is evolving, influenced by socio-economic and technological factors, particularly with the implementation of Vision 2030. There is a growing demand for quality, value, and personalized experiences.
• Artificial Intelligence Advancement: Saudi Arabia is recognized as a leading nation in AI, particularly in empowering women in the field.
• “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed remarkable development in the field of artificial intelligence…”
• The Kingdom achieved the top global ranking in enabling women in AI.
• Ministry of Justice’s النفقة (Alimony) Fund: The fund has been successful in disbursing monthly alimony payments to beneficiaries without delay, contributing to family stability.

6. Sports and Entertainment:

• Saudi Pro League Development: The Saudi Pro League is now ranked among the top ten strongest leagues globally, attracting international stars and witnessing significant development in infrastructure and talent.
• Upcoming Football Matches: Previews of key football matches in the Saudi league are provided, highlighting team standings and player expectations.
• Saudi Arabia’s Growing Role in Global Sports: The Kingdom is preparing to host major international sporting events, solidifying its position on the global sports map.

7. Environmental Conservation:

• Ancient Green Saudi Arabia: A recent scientific study by the Heritage Authority indicates that Saudi Arabia was once a green and fertile land millions of years ago, contrary to its current arid nature.
• “…the Kingdom was a green oasis millions of years ago…”
• Wildlife Conservation Efforts: The Kingdom is committed to protecting its wildlife, with programs focused on the Arabian oryx and other endangered species.
• “…the preservation of wildlife is among the national priorities…”
• Sustainable Tourism: The “Jannoumah Ritz-Carlton Reserve” on the Red Sea is highlighted for its commitment to sustainability and unique natural beauty.

Key Quotes:

• (On Vision 2030 and Economic Diversification): “رؤية 2030 التي لم تجعل من النفط غاية؛ وإنما نقطة انطلاق نحو تنويع الاقتصاد.”
• (On new oil and gas discoveries): “فبالأمس جرى الإعلان عن ثمانية اكتشافات جديدة للزيت وستة اكتشافات جديدة للغاز الطبيعي في المنطقة الشرقية والربع الخالي، لتعود بذلك المملكة إلى الواجهة كمصدر متجدد للطاقة…”
• (Lebanese President on relations with Greece): “العلاقات اللبنانية – اليونانية متجذرة في التاريخ والتعاون بين البلدين قائم في أكثر من مجال.”
• (Al-Khobar’s progress in Smart Cities Index): “…تقدم مدينة الخبر في عالميًا 61 المركز لتحتل مركزًا 38 مؤشر المدن الذكية لعام 2025.”
• (On South Sudan humanitarian crisis): “منظمة غير حكومية دولية الأربعاء بوفاة أطفال في جنوب السودان مصابين بالكوليرا أثناء محاولة في طويلة لمسافات سيرهم لعيادات بعيدة بعدما أغلقت معظم المراكز الصحية الدولة وتعاني الأمريكية. المساعدات خفض إثر السودان…”
• (UN on Ukraine civilian deaths): “…الأمم المتحدة تقدر أن نحو 13 ألف مدني فليتشر لمجلس الأمن إن الأمم المتحدة تقدر أن نحو 13 ألف مدني قتلوا…بأوكرانيا.”
• (On Heraak Cultural Week): “…تعكس نوعية خطوة في الرياض”، فن متسارع تشهده المملكة، ومكانتها المتنامية كوجهة فنية رائدة على مستوى المنطقة…”
• (Ancient Saudi Arabia): “…أن المملكة كانت واحة خضراء قبل ملايين السنين…”
• (Saudi Pro League strength): “…أصبح السعودي الدوري اليوم ضمن العشرة الدوريات الأقوى في العالم حسب تصنيف الاتحاد الدولي للتاريخ والإحصاء…”

Implications and Considerations:

• The continued hydrocarbon discoveries provide a strong foundation for the Saudi economy in the near term but reinforce the need for successful diversification efforts as outlined in Vision 2030.
• Regional geopolitical tensions remain a significant factor influencing stability and international relations in the Middle East.
• Humanitarian crises in South Sudan and Ukraine highlight the urgent need for international aid and diplomatic solutions.
• Saudi Arabia’s growing cultural and sports sectors reflect its broader development and engagement on the global stage.
• Global economic uncertainties, particularly related to US policies and trade disputes, could have implications for energy markets and the Saudi economy.

This briefing provides a snapshot of the key developments and themes covered in the provided sources. Further analysis of individual articles may be required for a deeper understanding of specific issues.

Saudi Arabia: Recent Discoveries and Vision 2030 Initiatives

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the recent significant discoveries announced in Saudi Arabia, and what do they signify for the Kingdom? Saudi Arabia has recently announced 14 new oil discoveries and six new natural gas discoveries in the Eastern Province and the Empty Quarter. These discoveries underscore the Kingdom’s position as a vital and renewable energy source, reinforcing its role in the global oil market. They are also seen as a launchpad for economic diversification in line with Vision 2030, which aims to move beyond oil as the sole economic driver.
2. How is Saudi Arabia balancing its energy resources with environmental responsibility, as suggested by the recent discoveries? The recent discoveries inspire a collective responsibility to preserve the Kingdom’s material, historical, and cultural treasures, including its natural environment. Saudi Arabia emphasizes the importance of investing in and sustainably managing these resources. Vision 2030 signifies a move towards redefining the nation’s role, focusing on environmental stewardship and the interconnectedness between the environment and global well-being, aiming to present a unique and pioneering model of integration.
3. What efforts are being made in Saudi Arabia to explore and document its natural and historical environment? A recent scientific study, involving 30 researchers from 27 local and international entities, meticulously analyzed cave formations (“speleothems”) in seven caves near the Al-Riyadh region. This study revealed a detailed record of the region’s ancient climate over the past 220,000 years, indicating that the Arabian Peninsula was once a green and fertile land with multiple wet periods, facilitating animal and human migrations between Africa and Asia. This highlights the Kingdom’s commitment to uncovering its natural history and ecological richness.
4. How is Saudi Arabia leveraging technological advancements to enhance urban living and economic growth? The city of Al-Khobar has made significant progress in the global Smart Cities Index, advancing 38 places to rank 61st worldwide. This reflects Saudi Arabia’s notable advancements in digital transformation and innovation. This progress is attributed to the ambitious vision of the leadership to develop Saudi cities into smart and sustainable models, leveraging advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things to enhance their competitiveness and attract talent and investments, aligning with the goals of Vision 2030.
5. What initiatives are underway to promote the Arabic language and its global impact? The King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language has launched a fast-track accelerator program for Arabic language innovations, involving 15 participating companies. This initiative aims to expand the influence of the Arabic language beyond traditional frameworks, support entrepreneurs and innovative businesses in this field, and contribute to building an integrated ecosystem for Arabic language-based solutions and applications. This aligns with the Academy’s strategic directions to enhance the global standing and usage of the Arabic language.
6. What advancements are being made in healthcare within Saudi Arabia, particularly in specialized medical fields? Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital in Al Takhassusi has achieved significant milestones in the diagnosis and treatment of structural heart diseases without the need for open-heart surgery. This includes advanced procedures like MitraClip for mitral valve repair and TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation), as well as the closure of congenital heart defects using catheterization. These achievements, under the supervision of specialized medical teams, enhance the quality of cardiac care provided by the hospital.
7. How is Saudi Arabia demonstrating its commitment to international humanitarian aid and development? Saudi Arabia, through the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre, is a leading global force in humanitarian work. Recent examples include providing medical aid to displaced people in Yemen through mobile clinics, addressing various health needs and nutritional support. Additionally, the Saudi Program for the Development and Reconstruction of Yemen is undertaking 264 developmental projects across eight vital sectors in 16 Yemeni governorates, demonstrating a comprehensive approach to supporting socio-economic stability in the region.
8. What are the key themes and objectives of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, as illustrated by the various developments and initiatives mentioned in the sources? Vision 2030 is a comprehensive blueprint for Saudi Arabia’s future, aiming for economic diversification beyond oil, enhanced quality of life, and a prominent global role. Key themes include:

• Economic Diversification: Investing in non-oil sectors, such as technology, tourism, and manufacturing, as seen in the smart city initiatives and industrial advancements.
• Sustainable Development: Emphasizing environmental responsibility alongside economic growth, as highlighted by the focus on preserving natural resources and understanding the Kingdom’s environmental history.
• Technological Advancement: Embracing digital transformation, artificial intelligence, and other modern technologies to improve urban living, drive innovation, and enhance global competitiveness.
• Cultural Enrichment: Promoting and preserving the Arabic language and the Kingdom’s cultural heritage while fostering artistic expression and international cultural exchange.
• Healthcare Excellence: Developing advanced medical capabilities and improving the quality of healthcare services for citizens.
• Global Leadership: Maintaining a strong position in the energy market while expanding its role in international humanitarian aid and fostering positive global relationships.

Saudi Arabia: New Oil and Gas Discoveries

The sources discuss oil and gas discoveries in Saudi Arabia. According to a statement by Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, the Minister of Energy, Saudi Aramco has discovered 14 new oil and natural gas fields and reservoirs in the Eastern Region during the current quarter.

These discoveries include six new oil fields and eight new natural gas reservoirs. Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman raised congratulations to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, the Crown Prince and Prime Minister, for these achievements. He also prayed for continued security and the advancement of the Kingdom.

The Minister of Energy stated that these discoveries reflect the Kingdom’s dedication to developing its natural resources and enhancing global energy security.

Furthermore, an article by Abdulaziz bin Salman mentions the Kingdom’s pioneering position in the energy sector globally, reinforced by discoveries. While this article doesn’t detail specific new discoveries, it highlights the importance of such finds in maintaining Saudi Arabia’s leading role in the energy market.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Goals and Key Themes

Drawing on the information in the sources, Vision 2030 encompasses a broad range of ambitious goals for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several sources highlight the alignment of specific initiatives and achievements with the overarching objectives of this vision.

One of the primary goals of Vision 2030 is economic diversification. Instead of solely relying on oil, the Kingdom aims to develop other sectors to create a more sustainable and resilient economy. The recent discoveries of new oil and natural gas fields and reservoirs, while significant, are viewed as resources that will support this diversification and meet future energy demands while the Kingdom pursues broader economic goals.

Vision 2030 also emphasizes comprehensive development and reshaping various aspects of the Kingdom. This includes urban development, as seen in the infrastructure projects in Riyadh and the ambition to transform Saudi cities into leading smart and livable models. The focus extends to environmental integration, aiming to present a pioneering model in the relationship between the environment, history, and the world.

Enhancing global competitiveness and the Kingdom’s international standing is another key aspect of Vision 2030. This is evident in Saudi Arabia’s efforts in the energy sector, its growing role in the digital space, and its increasing prominence in the arts and culture. The progress in Artificial Intelligence and the empowerment of women in this field are also aligned with the vision’s objectives to leverage modern technologies for economic and social advancement.

Improving the quality of life for citizens and residents is a central theme of Vision 2030. Initiatives such as enhancing municipal services, developing the road network, and improving civil affairs services contribute to this goal. The “Quality of Life program” is explicitly mentioned as one of the programs within the framework of Vision 2030.

Furthermore, Vision 2030 has a strong focus on human capital development. This includes ensuring that educational outcomes align with the vision’s requirements, making Saudi citizens globally competitive. Investing in and empowering Saudi talent across various sectors, including technology and the arts, is crucial for achieving the vision’s long-term objectives.

The industrial sector is also a key focus, with Vision 2030 aiming for a rapid industrial transformation to increase the sector’s contribution to the national economy. This involves expanding the number of factories and investing in modern technologies to enhance productivity and competitiveness.

Finally, the sports sector is also undergoing significant development in line with Vision 2030, with the Kingdom aiming to become a leader in the region and a host for major international events.

In essence, Vision 2030 is a comprehensive blueprint for Saudi Arabia’s future, encompassing economic diversification, comprehensive development, enhanced global standing, improved quality of life, human capital development, industrial advancement, and sports development.

Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030 and Sustainable Economic Growth

Drawing on the sources, a discussion of economic growth sustainability in the context of Saudi Arabia reveals several key aspects driven by Vision 2030.

Economic Diversification: A central theme in achieving economic growth sustainability for Saudi Arabia is the goal of economic diversification. Vision 2030 does not view oil as the ultimate aim but rather as a starting point for moving towards a more diverse economy. This implies a long-term perspective where the Kingdom aims to reduce its reliance on a single resource and build a broader base for economic activity.

Comprehensive and Sustainable Development: The sources suggest that economic growth is envisioned as part of a comprehensive development that reshapes various aspects of the Kingdom. This includes integrating environmental considerations, historical preservation, and global interconnectedness. The focus on preserving natural heritage through the establishment of natural reserves indicates an awareness of the importance of environmental sustainability alongside economic progress. Furthermore, projects like the development of road networks prioritize quality and safety while aiming for long-term efficiency and reduced fatalities, aligning with sustainable infrastructure development.

Investment in Human Capital and Innovation: Sustainable economic growth requires investment in people and innovation. The sources highlight efforts to have educational outcomes that align with Vision 2030, aiming to create a globally competitive Saudi workforce. The development of the digital infrastructure and the embrace of modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence are seen as crucial for long-term economic and social development. The establishment of initiatives to empower women in technology, particularly in AI, further supports the development of a diverse and skilled workforce for a sustainable future.

Industrial Transformation: The Kingdom is actively pursuing a rapid industrial transformation to increase the industrial sector’s contribution to the national economy. The goal to increase the number of factories and invest in modern technologies to enhance productivity and competitiveness points towards building a more robust and diversified economic base for the future. Events like the “Industrial Transformation Exhibition 2025” signify this strategic direction.

Leveraging Natural Resources for Transition: While aiming for diversification, the recent discoveries of new oil and natural gas fields are still significant. These discoveries can be seen as resources that will support the diversification efforts and meet energy demands during the transition to a more varied economy.

In summary, the sources indicate that Saudi Arabia’s approach to economic growth sustainability, guided by Vision 2030, involves a multi-faceted strategy encompassing economic diversification, environmentally conscious development, investment in human capital and technological advancement, and a focus on industrial expansion. The strategic use of existing natural resources is also part of this plan to facilitate a smooth transition towards a more sustainable economic future.

Global and Middle East Affairs: Key Developments

Based on the sources, several regional and global issues are discussed:

Regional Issues (Middle East):

• The sources mention developments in Lebanon, with reports of an Israeli withdrawal from southern areas and a statement from a senior Hezbollah official indicating the group’s readiness to discuss its weapons with President Joseph Aoun if Israel withdraws from Lebanon. This comes at a time of increasing calls for Hezbollah to disarm and highlights the potential for discussions on this sensitive issue, something considered unimaginable just two years prior. The situation is further complicated by the impact of Israeli strikes against Hezbollah, which is backed by Iran, in a devastating conflict reportedly linked to the war in the Gaza Strip.
• The Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs and the US Secretary of State discussed recent developments in Gaza, Sudan, and Yemen. This indicates ongoing concern and diplomatic engagement regarding these protracted conflicts in the region.
• Syria is also featured, with the Syrian Foreign Ministry announcing a “restructuring” of its embassies and diplomatic missions abroad and requesting the return of its ambassadors, including those from Russia and the Kingdom. This suggests significant shifts in Syria’s diplomatic posture.
• In Lebanon, President Joseph Aoun received congratulations and well wishes from the Greek Minister of National Defence following his election. The Greek official conveyed the Greek Prime Minister’s regards and his country’s readiness to provide necessary support to the Lebanese military, emphasizing the utilization of Greek expertise.
• There are reports of upcoming US-Iranian talks in Oman that will address the long-standing dispute over Tehran’s nuclear program, although Iranian officials express skepticism about the possibility of progress. The backdrop to these talks includes years of stringent sanctions against Iran and concerns about potential US military action.

Global Issues:

• The Saudi Minister of Energy, Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, highlighted that the recent oil and gas discoveries in the Kingdom reflect Saudi Arabia’s commitment to “developing its natural resources and enhancing global energy security“. This positions Saudi Arabia as a key player in the global energy market.
• The sources touch upon the US economy, with an expert analysis detailing concerns about a recent significant rise in US interest rates, leading to increased borrowing costs and a decline in investments. The US economy is also reportedly suffering from rampant inflation, negatively impacting consumer purchasing power and potentially exacerbating financial burdens. Furthermore, the potential for increased taxes could further complicate the economic situation, and these factors collectively strongly suggest the possibility of an impending “economic recession” affecting both the American and global economies. The analysis notes that historical financial crises, banking collapses, and changes in demand, as well as global events like trade wars, can significantly impact the economy and potentially accelerate a move towards recession.
• The article also discusses US trade policies, noting a “bold” move by the United States to impose new customs tariffs on most countries in the world, including major trading partners and allies, in an effort to rebalance fair trade. However, these protectionist measures are described as “undesirable” for the global economy and are expected to cause a decline in global economic performance and potentially trigger trade wars. The article references the global financial crisis of November 2008 as a time when G20 countries met to discuss similar global economic challenges.
• Oil prices are reported to have fallen for the fifth consecutive day to their lowest levels since February 2021 due to looming demand concerns and the escalating “trade war of tariffs” between the United States and China. The US central bank’s previous week’s raising of customs duties is expected to slow global economic growth and potentially lower oil prices due to reduced global demand. There are also mentions of the US threatening to disrupt Russian oil buyers, including China and India, with similar customs duties if Tehran does not reach an agreement with the White House.
• International cooperation is evident in the field of space and technology, as highlighted by the participation of Saudi Arabia’s Communications and Space Corporation in a high-level global discussion at the Space Symposium in Colorado, alongside major international companies and experts. This aligns with Vision 2030’s goal of enhancing the role of modern technologies in economic and social development.
• Another area of international collaboration is in geospatial information management. The General Authority for Survey and Geospatial Information (GEOSPATIAL) of Saudi Arabia and the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) launched the achievements of their joint cooperation project. This collaboration involves developing geospatial infrastructure, exchanging experiences, and aligning with international best practices. GEOSPATIAL also participated in the United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management and shared its experiences in developing the geospatial ecosystem. This international cooperation was recognized when GEOSPATIAL received an award for excellence in developing the national geospatial ecosystem from a Singaporean government agency. King Abdulaziz University also showcased research papers at an international conference organized by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) in Dubai, highlighting Saudi Arabia’s participation in international scientific forums.
• The Saudi Food and Drug Authority participated in the third edition of the World Local Production Forum (WLPF) in Abu Dhabi, focusing on enhancing local production to achieve health equity and health security. This global forum underscores the importance of international collaboration in the pharmaceutical and food sectors.
• The development of road networks in Saudi Arabia aims to reach the sixth ranking in the global road quality index by 2030 and reduce road fatalities, aligning with the standards of the International Road Assessment Programme (IRAP), indicating the adoption of international safety benchmarks.
• International cultural exchange is discussed in the context of Saudi film director Abdullah Al-Muhaisen’s participation in the Hong Kong International Film Festival, highlighting the role of cinema as a bridge between cultures.
• The increasing quality and professionalism of Saudi sports are attracting international investments in the sector. The presence of international professional players in the Saudi league, such as Cristiano Ronaldo and Karim Benzema, underscores the global dimension of the sport.
• Saudi Arabia’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage involves cooperation with international and local organizations to protect endangered species, reflecting a global trend in environmental conservation.
• While not explicitly tied to governmental or economic issues, the statistic that suicide represents the second leading cause of death among Western youth in 2020 points to a significant global social challenge.
• The sources also briefly mention the COVID-19 crisis as a past global challenge that the Saudi economy navigated with strength and wisdom.

Saudi Arabia’s Environmental and Natural History: A Legacy of Green

Based on the sources, a discussion of environmental and natural history in Saudi Arabia reveals several significant aspects:

Saudi Arabia’s Rich Environmental and Natural History:

• Saudi Arabia is described as a land rich in its civilizations and diverse in its geography, encompassing plains, mountains, seas, vast deserts, and golden sand dunes. This geographical diversity contributes to a varied natural history.
• A scientific article published in “Nature” by the Heritage Commission, titled “Frequent Wet Periods in the Arabian Peninsula over the Last 8 Million Years,” highlights that Saudi Arabia was a green oasis eight million years ago. This study, conducted in collaboration with local and international entities under the “Green Arabia” project, aims to explore the natural and environmental history of the region.
• The “Green Arabia” project seeks to uncover the natural and environmental history of the Arabian Peninsula, document its scientific, natural, and cultural heritage, and reveal the pioneering environmental dimensions. It aims to enhance our understanding of climatic changes and their impact on the region’s geography and environment throughout the ages.
• The study involved researchers from 27 local and international institutions, including the Geological Survey Authority, the Heritage Commission, King Saud University, and international universities and research centers from Germany, Italy, Britain, the United States, and Australia.
• Researchers used various scientific methods, including detailed analysis of chemical deposits in caves and the analysis of oxygen and carbon isotopes, to determine rainfall rates and vegetation cover over time, helping to uncover wet periods and their fluctuations over millions of years.
• Analysis of calcium carbonate deposits and the use of Uranium-Thorium (U-Th) and Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) dating techniques helped precisely determine the age of these formations, revealing several wet phases characterized by abundant rainfall, the oldest dating back to the late Miocene epoch, around 8 million years ago, extending through the Pliocene, about 3 million years ago. These wet periods contrast with the current desert environment.
• These findings are part of the outputs of the “Green Arabia” project, emphasizing the commitment of the Heritage Commission to supporting scientific research and expanding international cooperation in this field.

Conservation Efforts and Protection of Natural Heritage:

• Saudi Arabia is committed to developing its natural resources.
• The Kingdom has established several natural reserves to protect its unique wildlife, such as the Arabian Oryx and the Sand Gazelle, as well as rare plant species. These reserves include the King Salman Reserve, the King Abdulaziz Reserve, the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Reserve, and the King Khalid Reserve.
• These reserves serve as safe havens for wildlife, providing an optimal environment for breeding and growth, thus contributing to the balance of the ecological system.
• The Kingdom continuously strives to enhance efforts to protect wildlife through public awareness programs on the importance of environmental preservation.
• The government collaborates with international and local organizations to protect endangered species from extinction by reintroducing them to their natural habitats and providing suitable conditions for their growth. These efforts reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to protecting its natural heritage.
• The Arabian Gazelle holds cultural significance, symbolizing beauty, heritage, and freedom. A poem by Prince Khalid Al-Faisal Al Saud expresses this deep connection between humans and nature, highlighting the beauty of the gazelle and the necessity of its preservation. This reflects the connection of Saudi poets with nature and emphasizes the importance of protecting these unique resources.
• The interest of poets and rulers in protecting the environment reflects a national commitment to safeguarding the environment, making wildlife a symbol of pride and a distinct national identity.
• The Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve celebrated the birth of its first sand gazelle.
• The “Aja and Salma” area is mentioned as having a unique environmental diversity.

Ecological Balance and Biodiversity:

• Migratory birds, such as quail, are seasonal visitors to the northern regions of the Kingdom. Experts in the environmental field confirm that the continuation of these seasonal migrations influences the stability and balance of natural ecosystems.
• These migrations enrich the environmental and cultural experience of the region’s inhabitants and nature enthusiasts, creating a beautiful natural spectacle.
• Migratory birds contribute essential ecological services, such as seed dispersal, limiting insect reproduction, and stimulating biodiversity.

In summary, the sources emphasize Saudi Arabia’s long history of environmental richness, its current commitment to understanding its natural past through scientific studies like the “Green Arabia” project, and its active efforts in establishing natural reserves and implementing conservation programs to protect its diverse flora and fauna for future generations. The cultural significance of nature, as seen in poetry, further underscores the importance of preserving Saudi Arabia’s unique natural heritage.

Main Headings

• خادم الحرمين يتلقى رسالة من رئيس ليبيري Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques receives a message from the President of Liberia
• ولي العهد يتلقى اتصالين من الرئيس الفرنسي ورئيس الوزراء البريطاني The Crown Prince receives two calls from the French President and the British Prime Minister.
• 14 اكتشافاً نفطياً تعزز استدامة النمو الاقتصادي في المملكة oil discoveries enhance the sustainability of economic growth in the Kingdom.
• عبدالعزيز بن سلمان: الاكتشافات إضافة ترسخ ً المكانة الريادية للمملكة في قطاع الطاقة عالميا Abdulaziz bin Salman: The discoveries are an addition that consolidates the Kingdom’s leading position in the global energy sector.
• المملكة واحة خضراء قبل ثمانية ملايين سنة The Kingdom was a green oasis eight million years ago.
• وزير الخارجية ونظيره الأميركي يبحثان المستجدات في غزة والسودان واليمن The Secretary of State and his American counterpart discuss developments in Gaza, Sudan, and Yemen.
• ســلاح «حـزب اللـه» مقـابـل انسحـاب الاحتـلال Hezbollah’s weapons in exchange for the occupation’s withdrawal

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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Multiple articles from the Saudi newspaper Al Riyadh cover a diverse range of topics. These include local Saudi news such as development projects in various regions, the establishment of cultural institutions like the Royal Institute for Traditional Arts, and health initiatives. International news features prominently, with updates on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, US-Iran nuclear talks in Oman, and the diplomatic tensions between Algeria and Mali. Business and economic news includes reports on sustainable aviation fuel and analyses of global oil markets influenced by geopolitical factors and trade tensions. Finally, the sources contain sports updates, obituaries, cultural reviews, and opinion pieces on current events.

Artificial Intelligence and Regional Affairs Study Guide

Quiz

1. According to the source, what is Saudi Arabia’s ranking globally in the adoption and development of Artificial Intelligence, and what is one indicator of this progress mentioned in the text?
2. In the context of women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia’s technology sector, describe the “Elevate” program and its primary goal as outlined in the provided text.
3. What military development was discussed between the Saudi Minister of Defense and the Iraqi Minister of Defense during their phone call? Mention at least two topics of their discussion.
4. The city of Riyadh has witnessed rapid urban development in recent years. What is the driving force behind this growth, and which two specific districts are highlighted as promising for investment and residential development?
5. Briefly explain the diplomatic talks that were scheduled to take place in Oman, identifying the key parties involved and the main subject of their discussion.
6. What actions has “Makkah Property” begun in the city of Makkah, and what is the significance of the “Ajyad Al Masafi” area in this context?
7. As part of the development projects in the Northern Borders Region, specifically in Talat Tamyat, what type of projects were inaugurated, and what was the total cost mentioned?
8. The Riyadh Investment Forum featured a session on Artificial Intelligence. According to Dr. Abdullah Al-Waqait, what strategic dimensions does AI encompass beyond just economic aspects?
9. What was the primary focus of the meeting between Prince Saud bin Bandar and the Director General of the Civil Affairs branch in the Eastern Province?
10. What initiative has the municipality of Al-Khobar launched, and what are its key objectives regarding the city’s development and the well-being of its residents?

Quiz Answer Key

1. Saudi Arabia is considered a leading global player in AI, achieving the first global rank in the “GovTech Prize” and demonstrating progress in the field. One indicator of this is the Kingdom’s ranking as third globally in the percentage of AI jobs in 2024.
2. The “Elevate” program is an initiative launched in cooperation with Google Cloud, aiming to empower over 25,000 women in the technology and AI sectors. It includes specialized training programs and boot camps to cultivate a capable Saudi female workforce in AI.
3. The Saudi and Iraqi Ministers of Defense discussed the development of brotherly relations between the two countries, as well as ways to enhance cooperation in the military and defense fields. They also reviewed the latest developments in the region and efforts made towards achieving security and stability.
4. The rapid urban development in Riyadh is driven by the Kingdom’s ambitious Vision 2030. The “Aridh” and “Al-Khair” districts are highlighted as promising areas for investment and residential development due to their strategic locations and promising urban potential.
5. Indirect diplomatic talks were scheduled to take place in Oman between Iran and the United States. The main subject of their discussion was Iran’s nuclear program.
6. “Makkah Property” has begun projects to remove unplanned and old neighborhoods in Makkah, including the “Ajyad Al Masafi” area. This area is significant as it is one of the most important neighborhoods close to and overlooking the Grand Mosque.
7. A number of municipal projects were inaugurated in Talat Tamyat, including developmental and service-related initiatives. The total cost of these projects amounted to 32 million Saudi Riyals.
8. According to Dr. Al-Waqait, Artificial Intelligence encompasses strategic dimensions beyond just the economic, including social and cultural aspects. It is seen as a major driver for quality of life, youth empowerment, and enhancing global connectivity in Vision 2030.
9. The primary focus of the meeting was for the Director General of the Civil Affairs branch in the Eastern Province to present a report to Prince Saud bin Bandar on the branch’s key achievements during 2024 and the efforts made to provide distinguished services to beneficiaries.
10. The municipality of Al-Khobar launched the second phase of a project to develop and humanize roads in five locations within the city. Its key objectives include enhancing aesthetic standards, promoting the well-being of residents and the environment, and creating a sustainable natural environment.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the initiatives and strategies Saudi Arabia is undertaking to position itself as a global leader in Artificial Intelligence by 2030, referencing the provided text to support your claims.
2. Discuss the interconnectedness between urban development projects like those in Riyadh (“Aridh” and “Al-Khair”) and the broader goals of Saudi Vision 2030, considering the economic, social, and environmental implications.
3. Evaluate the significance of international diplomatic efforts, such as the planned talks in Oman between the US and Iran, in the context of regional stability and global politics, as suggested by the news excerpts.
4. Critically examine the role of cultural preservation and modernization in Saudi Arabia, using the establishment and initiatives of the Royal Institute for Traditional Arts as a case study.
5. Based on the various news items, discuss the key domestic and international priorities for Saudi Arabia in 2025, highlighting the balance between economic development, regional diplomacy, and social progress.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) (الذكاء الاصطناعي): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
• Vision 2030 (روؤية 2030): Saudi Arabia’s ambitious strategic framework to reduce the kingdom’s reliance on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• Women’s Empowerment (تمكين المرأة): The process of increasing the capacity of women to make choices and transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes. In this context, it refers to initiatives supporting women’s participation and leadership in various sectors, particularly technology.
• Urban Development (التنمية العمرانية): The process of physical growth and change in urban areas, often involving the construction of buildings, infrastructure, and the expansion of residential, commercial, and industrial zones.
• Diplomatic Talks (محادثات دبلوماسية): Formal discussions and negotiations between representatives of different countries or entities aimed at resolving issues, establishing agreements, or improving relations.
• Unplanned Neighborhoods (أحياء عشوائية): Areas of a city that have developed without formal planning or infrastructure, often characterized by informal housing and limited public services.
• Municipal Projects (مشروعات بلدية): Projects undertaken by a city or town’s local government to improve infrastructure, services, and the overall quality of life for residents.
• Investment Forum (منتدى الاستثمار): A conference or gathering designed to bring together investors, businesses, and government officials to discuss investment opportunities and promote economic growth.
• Civil Affairs (الأحوال المدنية): A government agency responsible for maintaining records of vital events such as births, deaths, marriages, and issuing identification documents.
• Sustainable Development (التنمية المستدامة): Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This often involves balancing economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection.
• Traditional Arts (الفنون التقليدية): Artistic practices, skills, and knowledge that have been passed down through generations within a culture, often reflecting cultural heritage and identity.
• Cultural Heritage (الإرث الثقافي): The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
• Innovation Hub (مسرِّعة ابتكارات): A collaborative space or program designed to foster innovation, support startups, and accelerate the development of new ideas and technologies, often within a specific sector.

Saudi Arabia and Region: Developments and Initiatives

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided Arabic and English news excerpts. The sources cover a diverse range of topics including technological advancements in Saudi Arabia, regional diplomatic engagements, urban development projects, international trade and economic concerns, cultural initiatives, and geopolitical issues.

**Key Themes and Supporting Details:**

**1. Saudi Arabia’s Advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI):**

* **Theme:** Saudi Arabia is making significant strides in the field of AI and aims to be a global leader in this sector, aligning with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals.

* **Facts:**

* The Kingdom ranks first globally in the “Government Strategy Index in AI.”

* It holds the third position globally in the percentage of women employed in AI jobs (for 2024).

* Saudi Arabia is fourth globally in the number of leading AI models published (for 2024).

* The Kingdom is among the top seven countries publishing leading AI models, alongside the USA, China, France, Canada, and Korea.

* Saudi Arabia ranks eighth globally in attracting AI talent, indicating a stable and motivating environment.

* Training programs in technical sectors contribute to enhancing professional development and identifying female talent in AI.

* **Initiatives for Women in AI:**

* “SDAIA” (Saudi Data & AI Authority) has played a significant role in empowering women in AI.

* The “Elevate” program, in collaboration with Google Cloud, aims to empower more than 25,000 women in technology and AI.

* Specialized training camps and programs contribute to qualifying Saudi women leaders in the AI sector.

**2. Regional Diplomatic Engagements and Security:**

* **Theme:** Saudi Arabia is actively engaged in regional diplomatic efforts and discussions related to security and stability.

* **Facts:**

* The Saudi Minister of Defense received a phone call from the Iraqi Minister of Defense to discuss the development of brotherly relations and ways to enhance them in the military and defense fields. They also reviewed regional developments and efforts towards achieving security and stability.

* Oman is hosting indirect talks between the United States and Iran regarding Iran’s nuclear program.

* Former US President Donald Trump announced these talks, coinciding with his surprise meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

* Iran confirmed the indirect talks would take place in Oman on Saturday.

* Netanyahu views the talks as an opportunity for the US and Israel to try to reach another agreement, citing threats and “contradictions” from the Trump administration’s previous approach.

**3. Urban Development in Riyadh:**

* **Theme:** The city of Riyadh is experiencing rapid urban development driven by the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, aiming to expand residential areas, improve the quality of life, and cater to population growth.

* **Facts:**

* The “Aridh” and “Al-Khair” districts are highlighted as promising residential and developmental areas with strategic locations and urban potential.

* The Riyadh Municipality announced the completion of opening bids for the development of raw land in these two districts, covering a total area of 8.3 million square meters (5.1 million in Al-Khair and 3.16 million in Aridh).

* Real estate developers emphasize that this development is an investment in the city’s future, with the potential to create a qualitative shift in living patterns, distribute the population in the capital, support sustainable development goals, and provide suitable housing opportunities for citizens.

* Integrated planning and phased implementation are crucial for transforming this raw land into vibrant communities with necessary infrastructure and amenities.

**4. Expansion of Land Ownership Opportunities in Riyadh:**

* **Theme:** The development of “Aridh” and “Al-Khair” is set to broaden land ownership opportunities and present investment prospects in Riyadh.

* **Facts:**

* The development aligns with the goals of sustainable development and Vision 2030 in building sustainable, integrated, and environmentally friendly cities.

* It contributes to the creation of new residential communities with sound urban planning and essential services, alleviating pressure on crowded city centers.

* Investment in infrastructure, including smart technologies, roads, parks, and public spaces, will be a key feature of this development.

* Advanced digital infrastructure, such as fiber optics and high-speed internet, will be implemented.

* This development is expected to stimulate local and foreign investments.

**5. Donald Trump’s Trade Policies and Global Economic Impact:**

* **Theme:** Former US President Donald Trump’s trade policies, particularly the imposition of tariffs, are causing significant volatility and raising concerns about global economic growth and a potential recession.

* **Facts:**

* Trump announced the start of direct talks with Iran regarding its nuclear program amid speculation about potential Israeli action against Iranian facilities.

* Trump’s surprise announcement of new tariffs on imports sent shockwaves through global markets, impacting the US dollar, bond yields, and stock prices.

* Analysts noted a shift in net positions against the US dollar and a rise in safe-haven currencies.

* Concerns are mounting about the impact of these tariffs on global economic growth and oil demand.

* Trump threatened to increase tariffs on Chinese goods to 50% if China did not retaliate.

* The European Union is also considering retaliatory tariffs.

* Bank analysts predict a potential decline in oil prices due to the risk of recession and increased supply, especially if Trump’s tariff policies persist.

* The Governor of the Russian Central Bank stated that the sharp fall in oil prices due to Trump’s tariffs poses a risk to the Russian economy.

**6. Removal of Randomly Built District in Makkah:**

* **Theme:** The Makkah Region Development Authority has begun removing the “Ajyad Al-Masafi” random residential district as part of ongoing developmental projects in Makkah and the Holy Sites.

* **Facts:**

* The “Ajyad Al-Masafi” district is considered one of the most important old districts close to and overlooking the Grand Mosque.

* The major developmental project aims to address the realities of this unplanned and densely populated area.

* This is part of the largest developmental projects in the organization’s history.

**7. Prince Fahd bin Sultan Receives Officials in Tabuk:**

* **Theme:** The Governor of the Tabuk Region, Prince Fahd bin Sultan bin Abdulaziz, received officials and employees of the Tabuk Emirate on the occasion of Eid.

**8. Inauguration of Municipal Projects in Talat Temyat:**

* **Theme:** The Governor of the Northern Borders Region, Prince Faisal bin Khalid bin Sultan bin Abdulaziz, inaugurated several municipal projects in Talat Temyat at a total cost of 32 million riyals.

* **Facts:**

* These developmental and service projects aim to improve infrastructure, enhance the quality of life, and meet the aspirations of residents, aligning with the goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 for urban development.

**9. Support for Emerging Associations in Rafha Governorate:**

* **Theme:** The Governor of the Northern Borders Region emphasized the importance of supporting emerging associations in Rafha Governorate to enhance their roles in community service and development, aligning with Vision 2030.

* **Facts:**

* Discussions during a reception covered ways to enhance cooperation and empower these associations.

* Future initiatives and projects in various social and developmental fields were reviewed.

* The Governor stressed the need for integration between different related entities to ensure tangible results benefiting the community.

**10. Prince Saud bin Abdulaziz bin Mosaed Receives Director of Heritage Authority Branch in Hail:**

* **Theme:** The Governor of the Hail Region received the Director of the Heritage Authority branch in the region, emphasizing the importance of the authority and its projects in supporting national identity and developing local capabilities.

* **Facts:**

* The Governor praised the efforts made to preserve cultural heritage.

* The Heritage Authority’s plan for implementing the “House of Craftsmen” project in Hail by 2025 was reviewed. This project aims to establish a specialized center for traditional and heritage handicrafts, focused on teaching and developing artisans’ skills, and promoting cultural heritage.

**11. Prince Saud bin Bandar Highlights Investment in Smart Infrastructure and Innovation:**

* **Theme:** The Deputy Governor of the Eastern Province emphasized that investment in smart infrastructure and innovation is yielding positive results in improving the quality of life in the region.

* **Facts:**

* The progress of Al-Khobar city in global smart city rankings was noted, attributing it to the government’s support and Vision 2030 objectives.

* Al-Khobar achieved 61st place globally in smart city rankings for 2025.

* The Deputy Governor also received a report on the achievements of the Civil Affairs branch in the Eastern Province during 2024.

**12. Launch of Second Phase for Road Development and Humanization in Al-Khobar:**

* **Theme:** The Municipality of Al-Khobar launched the second phase of a five-year program to develop and humanize roads and sites in the city.

* **Facts:**

* The program aims to enhance aesthetic and engineering standards, improve the quality of life for residents and visitors, create a sustainable and environmentally friendly urban environment, and achieve Vision 2030 goals.

* The focus is on designing wide sidewalks for pedestrians, increasing green spaces, and creating sufficient open areas.

* Developing an integrated infrastructure is intended to attract major businesses and achieve economic returns.

**13. Saudi Arabia’s Commitment to Ethical AI:**

* **Theme:** Saudi Arabia is committed to adopting artificial intelligence based on justice and transparency.

* **Facts:**

* The Director of the National Information Center at SDAIA, Dr. Abdullah bin Sami Al-Waqait, stated that AI is a strategic dimension with economic, social, and cultural implications, clearly reflected in Vision 2030 as a key driver for quality of life, youth empowerment, and global connectivity.

* He highlighted the importance of investing in AI in the sports sector, emphasizing its potential to bring about positive change in various aspects, from investment returns and sustainability to precise analytics for decision-makers and evaluation of sports infrastructure and sponsorship programs.

* AI technologies are being leveraged to support smarter sports investment strategies to make the sector more profitable, influential, and sustainable.

* Saudi Arabia has rapidly become a leading global sports destination, hosting over 100 international events since 2019 and attracting around 2.5 million tourists in 2024.

* AI contributes to this transformation by enhancing fan engagement through personalized content, interactive experiences, and real-time analytics.

**14. “Specialized Hospital” Participates in International Medical Competition:**

* **Theme:** King Faisal Specialist Hospital participated in an international medical competition during the annual meeting of the American College of Physicians in Louisiana, USA.

* **Facts:**

* The hospital’s research team presented a scientific interactive عرض during the competition, which gathered 60 teams from prestigious medical colleges in the United States and Canada.

* The participation reflects the competence of Saudi medical cadres in specialized international forums, aiming to achieve Vision 2030 goals.

**15. Resumption of Application for Meteorology Services Licenses:**

* **Theme:** The application process for licenses for meteorology services has been resumed.

**16. Riyadh Municipality Starts Project to Develop Al-Adira’i Road:**

* **Theme:** The Riyadh Municipality has begun implementing a project to develop Al-Adira’i Road, which connects with the Eastern Ring Road, aiming to improve traffic flow and raise the efficiency of the transportation network within the city.

* **Facts:**

* The project extends for 380 meters with a width of 32 meters.

* It aims to facilitate transportation between eastern residential neighborhoods, reduce travel time, and alleviate traffic congestion on main roads, positively impacting residents’ comfort.

* This project is one of the solutions the municipality is working on to address traffic challenges and improve connectivity.

**17. Forum on the Role of Law in Achieving Vision 2030 Goals:**

* **Theme:** A forum was held to highlight the vital role of law in achieving the goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.

* **Facts:**

* The forum discussed the importance of enhancing legal skills among students and addressed emerging legal fields such as commercial and international law, civil law, administrative responsibility, and the evolution of criminal responsibility rules.

* The forum included training workshops, discussion sessions, scientific paper presentations, lectures, and a debate final.

* The Vice President of the University for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research emphasized that law is a fundamental pillar of modern societies, upholding justice, protecting rights, and strengthening social security within the framework of Vision 2030.

* The forum provided an opportunity for students to exchange ideas and develop their academic and professional skills, aiming to contribute to building a generation of influential lawyers and legal professionals.

**18. Launch of “Architecture of Saudi Arabia” Map:**

* **Theme:** The Heritage Commission launched the “Architecture of Saudi Arabia” map, showcasing the diversity of architectural styles in the Kingdom.

* **Facts:**

* The map includes 19 architectural styles, drawing inspiration from the Kingdom’s cultural and geographical characteristics and their proportionality to each urban pattern in each region, including the Asir region.

* It provides detailed information and design guidelines to help raise the quality of comprehensive urban design and express the regional character of the built environment.

**19. Jeddah’s Development and Attractions:**

* **Theme:** Jeddah is developing its infrastructure and recreational offerings, attracting visitors with its coastal beauty and modern projects.

* **Facts:**

* King Abdullah Economic City, established in 2005, covers an area of 185 million square meters on the Red Sea coast, aiming to attract commercial activities.

* The city is focusing on entertainment and sports, leveraging its diverse offerings.

* The Haramain High-Speed Railway has made it easier for many to visit the city and enjoy its beaches and attractions.

**20. National Water Company Implements Major Water Projects in Riyadh Region:**

* **Theme:** The National Water Company has announced the commencement of 30 new water and environmental projects in the central sector, with extensive pipelines and networks in the Riyadh region.

* **Facts:**

* The projects involve approximately 1,955 kilometers of pipelines and cost nearly 2 billion riyals.

* These efforts are part of ongoing plans to prepare the infrastructure for the national water strategy and raise the coverage of water services for customers.

* 16 projects have already begun in Riyadh city, covering areas like Al-Taawun, Al-Janadriyah, Al-Narjis, Al-Diriyah, and Dirab, as well as several governorates in the region.

* An additional 1,192 kilometers of pipelines and the construction of 18 water reservoirs with a total capacity of approximately 85,000 cubic meters and pumping stations with a capacity exceeding 247,000 cubic meters per day are underway.

**21. Environment Week under the Slogan “Our Environment is a Treasure”:**

* **Theme:** The Saudi Environment Week will be held under the slogan “Our Environment is a Treasure” starting April 20, 2025.

* **Facts:**

* The Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture is preparing for the event with broad participation from the public, private, and non-profit sectors, as well as individuals.

* This underscores the Kingdom’s commitment to preserving the environment and enhancing its natural resources.

* Several important environmental initiatives have been launched, most notably the “Saudi Green Initiative.”

**22. Discussion on National Sports Strategy at Riyadh Investment Forum:**

* **Theme:** The National Sports Strategy and its role in achieving Vision 2030 were discussed at a session during the Riyadh Investment Forum.

* **Facts:**

* Speakers emphasized the importance of the sports sector in driving quality of life, empowering youth, and connecting with the world.

* The significant progress of the Kingdom in becoming a global sports hub was highlighted.

* The National Sports Strategy aims to develop the sports sector, increase its commercial impact, and enhance its contribution to the local GDP.

* The importance of local participation in sports events was stressed for their direct and indirect impact.

**23. “Adabi Jeddah” Organizes Evening Celebrating World Poetry Day:**

* **Theme:** The Jeddah Literary Club organized an evening celebrating World Poetry Day with the participation of a selection of poets representing various poetic schools.

**24. Premiere of Saudi Film “Sara”:**

* **Theme:** The Saudi film “Sara,” written by Raghadah Bukairani and directed by Thuwani Sami, will premiere on April 6, 2025.

* **Facts:**

* The film stars Sarah Taybah and Basil Khayat.

* Khayat described the film as complex and challenging, noting the success of the original Turkish series “The Price,” on which it is based, and its exploration of the idea of revenge.

**25. Questions Regarding the UN Security Council’s Role and Israeli Actions:**

* **Theme:** A series of questions are raised regarding the UN Security Council’s stance on alleged Israeli violations of international law, human rights, and UN resolutions in Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon since October 7, 2023.

* **Facts:**

* The questions inquire whether the Security Council sees the security crimes and alleged genocide committed by the Israeli government against the residents of the Gaza Strip.

* They also question whether the Council acknowledges Israeli practices against Palestinians in the occupied territories, violations of international humanitarian law, transgressions against Arab lands, and attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure.

* Further inquiries concern the Security Council’s awareness of Israeli disregard for international resolutions calling for the establishment of a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital.

* The text emphasizes Saudi Arabia’s condemnation of Israeli policies and actions, as expressed through official statements from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

**26. Israeli Airstrike Targets South Lebanon:**

* **Theme:** An Israeli airstrike targeted a location in southern Lebanon.

* **Facts:**

* The airstrike occurred near the town of Naqoura in the south.

* The area targeted is reportedly sovereign Lebanese territory.

* This incident occurred despite the cessation of hostilities agreement that began on November 27 of the previous year.

* Israeli forces continue to be present in several points in southern Lebanon and reportedly fire at civilians.

**27. Escalating Diplomatic Crisis Between Algeria and Mali:**

* **Theme:** A diplomatic crisis is escalating between Algeria and Mali, leading to the closure of airspace.

* **Facts:**

* Algeria announced the downing of an Algerian army reconnaissance aircraft by a armed group in Mali, near the Algerian border.

* Mali reported finding the wreckage of the plane 9.5 kilometers inside its territory.

* Algeria accused Mali of repeated violations of its airspace and decided to close its airspace to all Malian aircraft, effective from April 7, 2025.

* The Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that radar images proved the violation occurred 1.6 kilometers inside Algerian airspace.

* Mali retaliated by announcing the closure of its airspace to all Algerian aircraft, citing Algeria’s “continued sponsorship of international terrorism” without providing details.

**28. The Royal Institute for Traditional Arts: A Hub for Creativity and Innovation:**

* **Theme:** The Royal Institute for Traditional Arts is presented as a national platform for reviving and developing Saudi Arabia’s cultural heritage, aiming to transform it into a living source of creativity and culture.

* **Facts:**

* Established in 2020, the institute plays a key role in the Saudi cultural scene, reflecting a deep understanding of the importance of heritage.

* It has launched several initiatives and programs, including “Journey of Heritage,” which revives the concept of traditional craft apprenticeship.

* The institute aims to empower the arts, enhance their presence in Saudi society, and provide creative spaces for artists and artisans.

* Partnerships with local and international entities interested in arts and heritage are being formed.

* “Society of Heritage” is presented as a comprehensive platform for artists and those interested in heritage arts, reflecting the Kingdom’s rich cultural diversity and nurturing a new generation of creators.

* The institute emphasizes its role not just as a center for preserving heritage but as a dynamic cultural resource, reinterpreting and presenting traditional arts to the world in a contemporary way.

* The “Riyadh Art Week” will bring together prominent local and international galleries, artists, cultural institutions, and art enthusiasts, aiming to showcase Riyadh’s position as a global cultural center and enhance artistic dialogue and exchange.

**29. “King Salman Complex” Launches Innovative Arabic Language Accelerators:**

* **Theme:** The King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language launched a series of Arabic language innovation accelerators, with the participation of 15 qualifying companies.

* **Facts:**

* The training camp phase was held in February, and the accelerator programs will run for three months, from April to July 20, 2025.

* The initiative involves partnerships with nine entities in the investment, technology, cultural development, and entrepreneurship sectors, including SDAIA, the Cultural Development Fund, the National Development Fund, the Technical and Vocational Training Corporation, Monsha’at, IBM, and the Digital Entrepreneurship Center at Umm Al-Qura University.

* This project is part of the Complex’s efforts to empower the Arabic language in innovation and entrepreneurship, aiming to build a stimulating environment for Arabic content and encourage creative digital solutions in line with Vision 2030.

**30. High Court Hears Arguments on Netanyahu’s Potential Dismissal:**

* **Theme:** The Israeli Supreme Court is hearing arguments regarding whether Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu followed proper legal procedures in dismissing the head of the Shin Bet internal security agency.

* **Facts:**

* Netanyahu stated he dismissed Ronen Bar, the Shin Bet chief, due to a loss of confidence following the agency’s failure to prevent the Hamas attack in October 2023.

* However, the Supreme Court issued a temporary order opposing the decision.

* Opponents argued that the real reason for the dismissal was a potential investigation by Bar and the Shin Bet into alleged connections between Netanyahu aides and the October attack.

**31. Government Hospital in Jabalya Damaged by Israeli Bomb:**

* **Theme:** A government hospital in Jabalya, northern Gaza Strip, sustained damage from an Israeli bomb, disrupting its operations.

* **Facts:**

* The Al-Awda clinic, affiliated with the UNRWA refugee agency, was also affected.

* The Ministry expressed its strong condemnation of the continued targeting of Palestinian refugees and international relief organizations by Israeli occupation forces.

* This is seen as a violation of international law and international humanitarian law.

* The Ministry reiterates its rejection of anything that would prejudice the historical and legal status of Jerusalem and its sanctities.

* It calls on the international community to put an end to the Israeli war machine and hold the Israeli occupation authorities accountable for their violations.

**32. Saudi Arabia Condemns Israeli Raids in Syria:**

* **Theme:** Saudi Arabia strongly condemns Israeli airstrikes targeting multiple areas in Syria.

* **Facts:**

* The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed its strong condemnation of the Israeli raids, which targeted five areas in the brotherly Syrian Arab Republic, resulting in dozens of casualties, including civilians and military personnel.

* The Kingdom reiterates its categorical rejection of the Israeli occupation authorities’ attempts to threaten the security and stability of Syria and the region through its continuous violations of international laws.

* Saudi Arabia stresses the need for the international community, especially the permanent members of the Security Council, to take a firm stance against these continuous Israeli violations in Syria and the region and to activate international accountability mechanisms against them.

Saudi Arabia Developments: AI, Culture, and Urban Growth

FAQ Regarding Recent Developments in Saudi Arabia

1. What advancements has Saudi Arabia made in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) according to the provided text?

Saudi Arabia has demonstrated significant progress in the field of AI, positioning itself as a globally recognized player. The Kingdom ranked first globally in enabling women in AI, third globally in the proportion of AI jobs, and fourth globally in the number of leading AI models in 2024. It is also among the top seven countries publishing leading AI models, alongside the United States, China, France, Canada, and Korea. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia ranked eighth globally in attracting AI talent, reflecting a stable and motivating environment for national talent and contributing to building an advanced knowledge ecosystem and technology transfer. This progress is driven by ambitious policies and national initiatives aimed at supporting women’s participation and empowerment, particularly in line with Vision 2030. The Kingdom is also investing in training programs in technical sectors to enhance AI contributions and establish itself as a global reference point in this advanced field, striving for gender equality in the AI sector.

2. How is Saudi Arabia supporting women’s empowerment in the technology and AI sectors?

Saudi Arabia is actively supporting women’s empowerment in technology and AI through various initiatives. One notable example is the “Elevate” program, launched in collaboration with Google Cloud, which aims to empower more than 25,000 women in the fields of technology and AI. Additionally, the Kingdom is establishing specialized training camps and programs designed to qualify Saudi women for leadership roles in the AI sector, thereby enhancing their presence in both the local and global technology landscape. This focus on training and empowerment underscores the commitment to leveraging female talent to achieve the goals of Vision 2030.

3. What are the key features of the “Aridh and Al-Khair” land development projects in Riyadh?

The “Aridh and Al-Khair” projects represent significant urban expansion and development initiatives in Riyadh, driven by the ambitious Vision 2030. These projects aim to expand the scope of residential areas, improve the quality of life, and meet the increasing population growth. The two districts, “Aridh” and “Al-Khair,” are strategically located and possess promising urban development potential, offering investment opportunities in undeveloped land. The Riyadh Municipality has completed the opening of bids for the development of 8.3 million square meters of raw land in these areas (5.3 million in Al-Khair and 3.16 million in Aridh). These projects are envisioned not just as real estate ventures but as investments in the city’s future, with the potential to create a qualitative shift in the living environment, redistribute the population in the capital, and support sustainable development goals by providing suitable housing opportunities for citizens. Integrated planning and phased implementation are considered key to transforming this raw land into vibrant communities with essential services like roads, parks, schools, and healthcare centers. The development also aligns with Vision 2030’s goal of building sustainable and environmentally friendly cities, fostering local and foreign investments in advanced infrastructure, including smart technologies for energy, water management, and high-speed internet.

4. What was the outcome of the reported discussions between the defense ministers of Saudi Arabia and Iraq?

During a phone call, the Saudi Minister of Defense, Prince Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and the Iraqi Minister of Defense, Thabet Muhammad Al-Abbasi, discussed the development of the brotherly relations between the two countries. They also reviewed ways to enhance cooperation in the military and defense fields and exchanged views on the latest developments in the region and the efforts being made towards them, with the aim of achieving security and stability.

5. What is the significance of Saudi Arabia hosting the Investment Forum in Riyadh, and what role does AI play in its aspirations?

The Investment Forum in Riyadh highlights the Kingdom’s growing role as a global investment hub. During a session at the forum, Dr. Abdullah bin Sami Al-Waqait, Director of the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority’s (SDAIA) National Center for Information, emphasized that the focus on AI is not merely a competition but a strategic dimension with economic, social, and cultural implications, clearly manifested in Vision 2030. He stated that AI is a primary driver for improving the quality of life, empowering youth, and enhancing communication with the world. The forum also underscored the importance of investing in the sports sector in various aspects, leveraging AI capabilities. AI is seen as a key enabler for achieving the Kingdom’s aspirations in hosting major global events, such as the Asian Winter Games in 2029 and the FIFA World Cup in 2034. AI’s role includes maximizing returns from sports investments, ensuring their sustainability, providing accurate analyses to support decision-makers, evaluating infrastructure and sponsorship deals, and enhancing fan engagement through personalized content and interactive experiences. The Kingdom is rapidly progressing towards becoming a leading global sports destination, having hosted over 100 international events since 2019 and attracting 2.5 million tourists in 2024. AI is considered a major pillar in this transformation.

6. What initiatives are being undertaken to preserve and promote Saudi Arabia’s traditional arts and culture?

The Royal Institute of Traditional Arts is at the forefront of preserving and promoting Saudi Arabia’s rich cultural heritage. Established in 2020, the institute aims to revive Saudi Arabia’s legacy and transform it into a vibrant source of creativity and culture. It serves as a national platform connecting the past with the promising future, embodying the national identity in all its details. The institute has launched several initiatives, most notably the “Journey of Heritage” program, which revitalizes the concept of traditional craft apprenticeship. This program offers direct learning experiences where trainees acquire skills from master artisans in fields such as Sadu weaving, pottery, sculpting, calligraphy, decoration, and more. As part of its strategic directions to contribute to achieving Vision 2030’s goals through empowering arts, the institute has announced the “Community of Heritage” initiative. This initiative will provide training workshops and creative spaces for showcasing the works of artists and artisans, alongside partnerships with local and international entities interested in arts and heritage. The “Community of Heritage” serves as a comprehensive platform for artists and those interested in traditional arts, reflecting the Kingdom’s diverse cultural richness and opening opportunities for a new generation of creators to carry the banner of heritage with a spirit of the future. The institute emphasizes that it is not just a center for preserving heritage but an effective cultural tributary that rephrases and presents traditional arts in a contemporary manner to the world. Additionally, the upcoming “Riyadh Art” week will gather prominent local and international galleries, artists, cultural institutions, art enthusiasts, collectors, and sponsors, highlighting Riyadh’s status as a global cultural hub and fostering artistic dialogue, cooperation, and exchange.

7. What is the “Saudi Architecture Map” initiative, and what does it aim to achieve?

The “Saudi Architecture Map” initiative, launched under the patronage of the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, aims to promote the unique architectural character of Saudi Arabia. Inspired by the principles of the “Saudi Architecture” which encompasses 19 elements, the map highlights the geographical and cultural characteristics of each region, including the Asir region. It includes detailed design guidelines for the urban patterns in the Asir region, aiming to improve the quality of comprehensive urban design and express the regional identity of the built environment. The goal is to enhance architectural formation and the design of public spaces, ultimately contributing to improving the quality of life in those locations, aligning with the objectives of Vision 2030.

8. What are the key aspects of the “Sustainable Aviation Fuel Registry (CADRE)” launched by the International Air Transport Association (IATA)?

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has launched the “Sustainable Aviation Fuel Registry (CADRE),” a significant initiative aimed at reducing carbon emissions in civil aviation and accelerating the global transition to carbon neutrality by 2050. This registry, managed by IATA, will contribute to creating a global market for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by providing a platform where airlines can document their SAF purchases against specific climate commitments, ensuring environmental benefits are accounted for accurately and without double counting. Marie Owens Thomsen, IATA’s Senior Vice President for Sustainability and Chief Economist, emphasized that achieving climate neutrality in the aviation sector requires a collective effort, and CADRE will play a crucial role by making SAF accessible to all airlines worldwide. Airlines will be able to purchase SAF and claim its emissions reduction benefits. The registry will ensure that the environmental attributes of SAF are properly documented, avoiding issues like double counting. While the global market for SAF is still in its early stages, CADRE represents an exceptional and important development towards it, characterized by reliability, transparency, and accountability. It has the potential to make a tangible difference in reducing aviation’s environmental impact. The development of CADRE involved consultations with airlines, fuel suppliers, aircraft manufacturers, government authorities, and corporate travel management companies. The system relies on IATA’s methodology for accounting and reporting SAF usage, providing a consistent approach to accounting for the environmental benefits of SAF purchases, regardless of location. Participation in CADRE will be free until April 2027, after which it will be operated on a cost-recovery basis.

Main Headings

• المملكة الأولى عالمياً في تمكين المرأة بمجال الذكاء الاصطناعي The Kingdom is the world’s leading country in empowering women in the field of artificial intelligence.
• وزير الدفاع يبحث تطور العلاقات الأخوية مع نظيره العراقي The Minister of Defense discusses the development of fraternal relations with his Iraqi counterpart.
• عريض والخير..» يوسعان فرص تملك الأراضي بالرياض Arid and Al Khair expand land ownership opportunities in Riyadh
• وزير الخارجية يصل إلى الولايات المتحدة Foreign Minister arrives in the United States
• خير المملكة يصل إلى 106دول حول العالم The Kingdom’s goodness reaches 106 countries around the world
• عمان تستضيف المحادثات الأميركية الإيرانية Amman to host US-Iran talks
• ملكية مكة» تباشر إزالة عشوائية «أجياد المصافي» Makkah Municipality begins random removal of Ajyad refineries

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These articles cover a diverse range of topics including Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and its impact on healthcare and economic diversification, developments in the Saudi stock market and concerns over US tariffs, and regional news such as the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and diplomatic discussions. Several pieces highlight Saudi Arabia’s cultural initiatives like mosque restoration and arts festivals, alongside social issues like land ownership for youth and traffic safety. Furthermore, the sources examine sports news, particularly football leagues, and international relations, focusing on trade tensions with Taiwan and Iraq’s internal dynamics concerning armed groups.

Source Material Study Guide

Quiz

1. According to the article, what is the significance of World Health Day, and when is it observed annually?
2. What are the primary goals of Saudi Arabia’s Health Sector Transformation Program, as outlined in the text?
3. What was the general trend of the “TASI” stock market index on Monday, April 7, 2025, and what factor was suggested to be influencing it?
4. Describe the initiative between the GCC countries and the European Union mentioned in the article. What is its aim?
5. How many journalists were reported to have been killed in Gaza since the beginning of the “genocidal war,” according to the information provided?
6. What was the main topic of discussion between the Saudi Minister of Defense and the US Secretary of Defense during their phone call?
7. What are some of the potential economic downsides for the United States if Taiwan were to fully restrict its market access, as discussed in the analysis piece?
8. What was the purpose of the campaign launched by the Emir of Jazan related to Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz?
9. Briefly describe the second phase of the historical mosques restoration project mentioned in the article, including its objectives.
10. What was the main focus of the “Absher with Eid” initiative mentioned in the local news?

Quiz Answer Key

1. World Health Day, observed annually on April 7th, serves as a global event to raise awareness about specific health topics of concern to the World Health Organization. It commemorates the founding of the WHO in 1948, and a theme is chosen each year to focus on a particular area of public health priority.
2. The primary goals of Saudi Arabia’s Health Sector Transformation Program are to develop a comprehensive, effective, and sustainable healthcare system. This includes focusing on preventative care, improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare services, ensuring fair and easy access for all citizens, promoting health awareness, and enhancing financial resource management in the health sector.
3. The “TASI” stock market index experienced a rebound during the mid-session trading on Monday, April 7, 2025, recovering some of its earlier losses. Analysts suggested that this recovery indicated the market was beginning to absorb the impact of the US tariff hike shock.
4. The initiative between the GCC countries and the European Union is a project to exchange radiological data between the GCC’s Center for Radiological Data Exchange and Emergency Management (GCC-RDEP) and the European Union. Its aim is to help limit the effects of radiological and nuclear disasters through early detection, analysis using advanced simulation systems, and providing technical recommendations for decision-makers in GCC countries.
5. According to the article, the number of journalists killed in Gaza since the beginning of the “genocidal war” had risen to 210 with the death of journalist Hifni al-Faq’awi.
6. The main topic of discussion between the Saudi Minister of Defense and the US Secretary of Defense during their phone call was the review of the Saudi-US defense relations, cooperation prospects, and the discussion of regional developments and mutual efforts to support the security and stability of both countries, the region, and the world, in addition to topics of common interest.
7. If Taiwan were to fully restrict its market access, the United States could potentially lose its current access to the Taiwanese market, which has become increasingly important due to concerns about a potential Chinese invasion of the island. Taiwan is a significant partner in the supply of vital components like semiconductors.
8. The purpose of the campaign launched by the Emir of Jazan related to Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz for Autism was to raise awareness about autism spectrum disorder, enhance services provided to those affected and their families, and support training, social inclusion, awareness, and rehabilitation programs.
9. The second phase of the historical mosques restoration project aims to rehabilitate historical mosques for worship while preserving their authenticity and architectural heritage, highlighting their historical, cultural, and religious significance for the Kingdom, and contributing to the cultural dimension of Vision 2030. This phase follows the restoration of 30 historical mosques in 10 regions during the first phase.
10. The main focus of the “Absher with Eid” initiative was to bring joy and celebration to various segments of society during the Eid al-Fitr holiday. It involved activities in different cities and targeted various government sectors and community groups.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of the events reported in the provided source material, identifying potential underlying themes or relationships between seemingly disparate news items.
2. Discuss the potential implications of the US tariff policies, as described in the article, on both the Saudi Arabian economy and the broader global economic landscape.
3. Evaluate the significance of Saudi Arabia’s focus on health sector transformation and public health initiatives, as highlighted in the context of World Health Day and Vision 2030.
4. Critically examine the role of international cooperation, as exemplified by the GCC-EU radiological data exchange and the Saudi-US defense discussions, in addressing regional and global challenges.
5. Considering the various local and international news items presented, discuss the overall image of Saudi Arabia that emerges from this collection of excerpts.

Glossary of Key Terms

• TASI (تاسي): An acronym for the Tadawul All Share Index, which is the main stock market index that tracks the performance of all listed companies on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul).
• GCC (مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية): The Gulf Cooperation Council, a regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf except for Iraq.
• Vision 2030 (رؤية 2030): A strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia to reduce its dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• Tariffs (رسوم جمركية): Taxes imposed by a government on goods and services imported from other countries, often used to protect domestic industries or as a tool in international trade relations.
• Radiological Data (بيانات إشعاعية): Information related to radioactivity and radioactive materials, often collected for monitoring environmental safety and managing potential nuclear or radiological incidents.
• Health Sector Transformation Program (برنامج التحول الصحي): A key initiative under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 aimed at overhauling and improving the national healthcare system.
• Digital Transformation (تحول رقمي): The use of digital technologies to fundamentally change how a business or organization operates and delivers value. In the context of healthcare, this includes electronic health records, telemedicine, and other technology-driven solutions.
• Privatization (الخصخصة): The transfer of ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, public service, or public property from the public sector (government) to the private sector.
• “Wasfati” (وصفتي): An electronic prescription service launched by the Saudi Ministry of Health to streamline the process of obtaining medications for patients, reducing reliance on paper prescriptions.
• Counter-Irjaf (مكافحة الإرجاف): Efforts to combat “Irjaf,” which refers to the spread of false news, rumors, and misinformation intended to cause public disorder and undermine security and stability.

Saudi Arabia: Developments and Global Engagement, April 2025

Here is a detailed briefing document summarizing the main themes and important ideas from the provided sources:

Briefing Document: Key Themes and Ideas from Recent Al-Riyadh Articles (April 8, 2025)

Source: Excerpts from Al-Riyadh Newspaper, Issue #20735, dated Tuesday, April 8, 2025 (10 Shawwal 1446 AH)

Main Themes:

1. Saudi Arabia’s Focus on Healthcare Advancement: The Kingdom is actively promoting health awareness and developing a comprehensive, efficient, and sustainable healthcare system in line with Vision 2030.
2. Economic Developments and Market Reactions: The Saudi stock market (“TASI”) is showing resilience in the face of global economic pressures, including the impact of US tariff hikes, while Taiwan pledges to address trade barriers with the US.
3. Regional Cooperation and International Relations: Saudi Arabia is engaging in discussions with the US on regional security and collaborating with GCC nations and the EU on nuclear safety and radiation data exchange.
4. Humanitarian Concerns and Conflict in the Region: The ongoing conflict in Gaza and its impact on civilians and journalists are highlighted, along with international efforts to provide aid and calls for a ceasefire.
5. Domestic Initiatives and Social Progress: The Kingdom is launching various initiatives focused on supporting people with autism, developing historical mosques, combating illegal residency, celebrating volunteerism, and empowering women.
6. Cultural Preservation and Innovation: Saudi Arabia is emphasizing the importance of handicrafts as a cultural and economic resource and highlighting cultural events and intellectual discourse.
7. Efforts Against Misinformation: The dangers of rumors and fake news are addressed, along with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to combat their spread.
8. Commemoration of Prominent Figures: The passing of Dr. مطلب النفيسة, a significant figure in Saudi law and the Shura Council, is noted, reflecting on his contributions.
9. Housing and Land Initiatives: A new policy aiming to make land more affordable for young Saudis is introduced, seen as a major step towards social and economic stability.

Most Important Ideas and Facts:

1. Saudi Arabia’s Focus on Healthcare Advancement:

• World Health Day Participation: Saudi Arabia actively participates in World Health Day (April 7th), emphasizing raising health awareness and facilitating access to healthcare services for all segments of society.
• Quote: “اململكة تشارك العالم ممثلة بوزارة الصحة بيوم الصحة العالمي الذي يصادف 7 أبريل من كل عام” (The Kingdom participates with the world, represented by the Ministry of Health, in World Health Day, which falls on April 7th of each year).
• Health Sector Transformation Program: This program is a key initiative to achieve Vision 2030, aiming to develop a comprehensive, effective, and sustainable healthcare system with a focus on prevention.
• Quote: “التحول الصحي برنامج يعد لتحقيق رؤية 2030، ويهدف إلى تطوير منظومة الرعاية الصحية لتكون شاملة، فعالة، ومستدامة، مع التركيز على الوقاية أكثر من العلاج” (The Health Transformation Program is considered one of the executive programs to achieve Vision 2030, and it aims to develop the healthcare system to be comprehensive, effective, and sustainable, with a focus on prevention more than treatment).
• Key Objectives of Healthcare Transformation: Improving the quality and efficiency of health services, ensuring fair and easy access, promoting prevention, improving financial resource management, and digital transformation.
• “Wasfati” Service: The Ministry of Health launched the “Wasfati” (My Prescription) service to facilitate electronic access to medications, reduce reliance on paper prescriptions, and improve the patient experience.

2. Economic Developments and Market Reactions:

• TASI Market Rebound: The Saudi stock market index “TASI” rebounded during trading on Monday, April 7, 2025, recovering some of its losses. Experts believe this indicates the market is beginning to absorb recent pressures, including the impact of potential US tariff hikes.
• Quote: “ارتد مؤشر السوق السعودي «تاسي» في منتصف تعاملات جلسة يوم أمس الاثنين 7 أبريل 2025 بنسبة ارتفاعًا للسوق العام المؤشر ليسجل 11،168.78 نقطة” (The Saudi market index “TASI” rebounded in the middle of yesterday, Monday, April 7, 2025 trading session with an increase for the general market index to record 11,168.78 points).
• Sector Performance: The telecommunications, energy, basic materials, and banking sectors saw increases during the trading session.
• Taiwan’s Response to US Tariffs: Taiwan considers the new 32% US tariffs on its imports (excluding semiconductors and some transportation equipment) “completely unreasonable” and pledges to remove trade barriers with the US and consider retaliatory measures.
• Quote: “تايوان وصفت المواصلات، أشباه باستثناء التي تعد جزءًا من تغير جذري في الممارسات التجارية الأمريكية، بأنها «غير معقولة تمامًا»” (Taiwan described transportation, excluding semiconductors, which is considered part of a radical change in American trade practices, as “completely unreasonable”).

3. Regional Cooperation and International Relations:

• Defense Minister Discusses Regional Issues with US Counterpart: The Saudi Minister of Defense received a phone call from the US Secretary of Defense, Lloyd Austin, to discuss the development of regional situations and efforts to support the security and stability of both countries and the region.
• Quote: “تلقى صاحب السمو الملكي الأمير خالد بن سلمان بن عبدالعزيز وزير الدفاع اتصالاً هاتفيًا من معالي وزير الدفاع الأمريكي بيت هيغسيث. وجرى خلال الاتصال استعراض العلاقات الدفاعية السعودية الأمريكية، وآفاق التعاون في المجال العسكري، وبحث تطورات الأوضاع الإقليمية ورؤية تجاهها، والجهود المبذولة من البلدين الصديقين لدعم أمن البلدين واستقرار المنطقة والعالم” (His Royal Highness Prince Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Minister of Defense, received a telephone call from His Excellency the US Secretary of Defense, Pete Hegseth. During the call, the Saudi-American defense relations were reviewed, prospects for cooperation in the military field were discussed, and the developments in the regional situations and the vision towards them, as well as the efforts made by the two friendly countries to support the security of the two countries and the stability of the region and the world, were discussed).
• GCC-EU Radiological Data Exchange: The GCC and the EU are establishing a platform for exchanging radiological data (GCC-RDEP) to limit the effects of radiological and nuclear disasters.
• Quote: “دشن معالي الأمين العام لمجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية الأستاذ جاسم محمد البديوي، مشروع منصة تبادل البيانات الإشعاعية بين دول المجلس ومركز السلامة النووية وإدارة الطوارئ المشترك” (His Excellency the Secretary-General of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, Professor Jassim Mohammed Al-Budaiwi, inaugurated the project of a platform for the exchange of radiological data between the member states of the Council and the Joint Nuclear Safety and Emergency Management Center).

4. Humanitarian Concerns and Conflict in the Region:

• Journalists Killed in Gaza: The number of journalists killed since the start of the “genocidal war” on the Gaza Strip has risen to 127 with the death of Hafeez Al-Faqawi in Khan Yunis.
• Quote: “ارتفع عدد الشهداء الصحفيين إلى (127 صحفيًا) منذ بدء حرب الإبادة الجماعية على قطاع غزة” (The number of martyred journalists has risen to (127 journalists) since the beginning of the genocidal war on the Gaza Strip).
• Egyptian and French Presidents Reject Displacement of Gazans: President Sisi of Egypt and President Macron of France reiterated their rejection of forcibly displacing Palestinians from the Gaza Strip and affirmed their support for rebuilding the sector and urgently delivering humanitarian aid.
• Quote: “الرئيسان السيسي والفرنسي إيمانويل ماكرون من السكان لترحيل رفضهما الاثنين العربية للخطة ودعمهما قسرًا غزة السيسي وقال للقطاع إعمار الإعادة «تناولت بالقاهرة صحفي مؤتمر في معمق بشكل ماكرون والرئيس الساحة على المتلاحقة التطورات بحثا الإقليمية والدولية وعلى رأسها الوضع المأساوي في قطاع غزة، حيث أكدنا ضرورة العودة إلى وقف إطلاق النار فوري، بشكل عاجل، بشكل كامل» الإنسانية المساعدات بإدخال والسماح” (The presidents Sisi and the French Emmanuel Macron affirmed their rejection of the transfer of residents on Monday, their support for the Arab plan, and the forced transfer from Gaza. Sisi said regarding the reconstruction of the sector, “I discussed in depth during a press conference in Cairo with Macron, the successive developments on the regional and international scene, at the forefront of which is the tragic situation in the Gaza Strip, where we affirmed the necessity of returning to an immediate ceasefire, urgently, completely,” and “allowing the entry of humanitarian aid”).

5. Domestic Initiatives and Social Progress:

• Prince of Jazan Launches Autism Awareness Campaign: The Prince of Jazan launched a campaign by the Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Charity Foundation for Autism, aiming to raise awareness, enhance services, and support training and inclusion programs.
• Quote: “دشن صاحب السمو الملكي الأمير محمد بن ناصر بن عبدالعزيز، أمير منطقة جازان، صباح أمس حملة الأمير سلطان بن عبدالعزيز للتوحد” (His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz, the Prince of Jazan region, inaugurated yesterday morning the Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz campaign for autism).
• Second Phase of Historical Mosque Development Launched in Riyadh: The second phase of a project to develop historical mosques has been launched in Riyadh, following the completion of the first phase which included the restoration of 30 mosques in 10 regions.
• Campaign Against Illegal Residency: Authorities in Saudi Arabia have apprehended a significant number of individuals violating residency, border security, and labor regulations.
• “Absher with Eid” Initiative Benefits 2000: The “Absher with Eid” volunteer initiative concluded, having provided aid during Eid al-Fitr in several regions of Saudi Arabia.
• Princess Nourah University Organizes “Saudi Women in Development” Conference: The conference aims to highlight the role of Saudi women in building a prosperous future in line with Vision 2030 and to discuss empowerment policies and initiatives.

6. Cultural Preservation and Innovation:

• 2025 Declared “Year of Handicrafts”: The Ministry of Culture has announced 2025 as the “Year of Handicrafts” to revive and promote the Kingdom’s rich craft heritage as a cultural and economic resource.
• Quote: “أعلنت وزارة الثقافة أن عام 2025 سيكون عامًا مخصصًا لإحياء الحرف اليدوية، تحت عنوان «عام الحرف اليدوية»، في مبادرة وطنية تهدف إلى إحياء التراث الحرفي الغني الذي تفخر به المملكة، وتحويله من موروث رمزي إلى مورد اقتصادي نابض بالحياة” (The Ministry of Culture announced that the year 2025 will be a year dedicated to the revival of handicrafts, under the title “Year of Handicrafts,” in a national initiative aimed at reviving the rich craft heritage that the Kingdom is proud of, and transforming it from a symbolic heritage into a vibrant economic resource).
• “Ithra” Celebrates Eid with Cultural and Entertainment Activities: The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (“Ithra”) attracted a large number of visitors during Eid with various cultural and interactive programs, including a video game music performance.
• Asilah Cultural Festival Announces Spring Edition: The international Asilah Cultural Festival in Morocco launched its spring edition dedicated to visual arts, featuring exhibitions and workshops with artists from various countries.

7. Efforts Against Misinformation:

• Awareness Campaigns Against Rumors: Saudi Arabia is actively working to combat the spread of false news and rumors, recognizing their threat to social harmony and security. The Public Prosecution emphasizes the legal penalties for spreading misinformation online.
• Quote: “تعد الأخبار الكاذبة والإشاعات بذورًا مغروسة وهي من أخطر السلوكيات التي تهدد السلم المجتمعي إذ ينتج عنها القلق والخوف المؤدي إلى زعزعة الأمن والاستقرار” (False news and rumors are embedded seeds and are among the most dangerous behaviors that threaten social harmony, as they result in anxiety and fear leading to the undermining of security and stability).
• Qassim Region Holds Seminars to Combat Rumors: The Qassim region has organized several seminars in recent years to raise awareness about the dangers of rumors and discuss ways to confront them from a Sharia, social, and security perspective.

8. Commemoration of Prominent Figures:

• Passing of Dr. مطلب النفيسة: The article mourns the passing of His Excellency Dr. مطلب bin Abdullah Al-Nafisah, a former Minister of State, member of the Shura Council, and a significant figure in Saudi law. His contributions to the development of laws and his character are praised.
• Quote: “أشهد الله سبحانه وتعالى أن يرحمك أبا خالد أيها الأستاذنا الدكتور مطلب بن عبدالله النفيسة، أبا خالد فقد ملكت قلب كل من عرفك وتعامل معك” (I call upon Allah Almighty to have mercy on you, Abu Khalid, our teacher Dr. مطلب bin Abdullah Al-Nafisah, Abu Khalid, you have captured the heart of everyone who knew you and dealt with you).

9. Housing and Land Initiatives:

• Land Price Ceiling for Young Saudis: A decision has been made to set a maximum price for land at 1500 riyals to make it more affordable for young Saudis, a move seen as a significant step towards enabling homeownership and achieving social stability.
• Quote: “جاء قرار تحييد الأراضي وتحديد الحد الأقصى للسعر عند 1500 ريال ليشكل تحولًا كبيرًا في مسار تملك الأراضي للشباب السعودي” (The decision to neutralize lands and set the maximum price at 1500 riyals came to represent a major shift in the path of land ownership for Saudi youth).
• Royal Commission for Riyadh to Provide Affordable Housing Land: The Royal Commission for Riyadh will provide tens of thousands of residential plots annually at prices not exceeding 1,500 riyals per meter.

Overall Significance:

These articles collectively highlight Saudi Arabia’s proactive approach to various domestic and international challenges and its commitment to Vision 2030. The focus on healthcare development, economic resilience, regional cooperation, social progress, cultural preservation, and addressing societal issues like misinformation underscores the Kingdom’s multifaceted development agenda. The new land policy is a particularly significant development with potential long-term social and economic benefits for young Saudis.

Saudi Arabia & Global Updates: Vision 2030, Trade, & Health

FAQ: Key Themes and Ideas from the Provided Sources

1. What are the main objectives of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 in the healthcare sector, as highlighted in the article about World Health Day? Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 aims to transform the healthcare system into one that is comprehensive, effective, and sustainable. The key objectives include improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare services, ensuring fair and easy access to health services for all segments of the population, promoting preventive care to reduce health risks, enhancing the quality of life, improving the management of financial resources in the health sector, and fostering digital transformation through initiatives like the “Wasfaty” (My Prescription) service.

2. How did the Saudi stock market (“TASI”) react to the news of potential US tariff increases, and what does this indicate about the market’s resilience? Initially, the Saudi stock market (“TASI”) experienced a significant drop following the news of potential US tariff increases, reflecting concerns about the broader global economic impact. However, the market showed a notable rebound during the same trading session, recovering a portion of its losses. This recovery suggests that the Saudi market has begun to absorb the external pressures and that the underlying strength of the national economy, driven by the achievements of Vision 2030, provides a degree of resilience against global shocks.

3. What is the significance of the data exchange agreement between GCC countries and the European Union regarding radiation monitoring? The data exchange project between the GCC-RDEP (GCC Center for Radiological Data Exchange and Emergency Management) and the European Union signifies a crucial step towards enhancing nuclear safety and security in both regions. It aims to limit the effects of radiological and nuclear disasters by facilitating the exchange of radiation monitoring data and enabling early detection and analysis of potential threats. This collaboration allows for the use of advanced simulation systems to predict potential consequences and provide timely technical recommendations to decision-makers in GCC countries.

4. What were the key topics discussed during the phone call between the Saudi Minister of Defense and the US Secretary of Defense? The phone call between the Saudi Minister of Defense and the US Secretary of Defense focused on reviewing the strategic relationship between the two countries in the defense field, exploring avenues for cooperation, and discussing the latest developments in regional affairs and shared perspectives on them. They also addressed mutual efforts to support the security and stability of both nations, the region, and the world, in addition to other issues of common interest.

5. What are Taiwan’s concerns and responses to the potential imposition of new tariffs by the United States? Taiwan views the potential imposition of new tariffs by the United States as “completely unreasonable” and anticipates significant harm to American consumers due to the vital role Taiwanese imports, particularly semiconductors, play in the US supply chain. In response, Taiwan has pledged to remove trade barriers with the US, encouraged Taiwanese companies to increase investments in the United States, and is considering retaliatory measures. The Taiwanese government is also planning financial aid and relief measures for affected industries.

6. What are the primary goals of Saudi Arabia’s “Year of Handicrafts 2025” initiative? The “Year of Handicrafts 2025” initiative in Saudi Arabia is a national project aimed at reviving the rich heritage of handicrafts in the Kingdom. Its primary goals include empowering male and female artisans across the country by providing financial and moral support, creating a sustainable environment that enhances their role in the national economy, and building a thriving cultural sector that contributes to economic diversification, in line with the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030. The initiative seeks to transform traditional crafts from symbolic heritage into a vibrant economic resource.

7. What are the main features and objectives of the “Wasfaty” (My Prescription) service launched by the Saudi Ministry of Health? “Wasfaty” (My Prescription) is a digital service launched by the Saudi Ministry of Health to facilitate patients’ access to medications electronically. It aims to enhance the efficiency and quality of healthcare, reduce reliance on paper prescriptions, improve medication adherence, and minimize medical errors related to prescriptions. The service allows doctors to issue prescriptions electronically, which are then automatically sent to the nearest participating pharmacy, enabling patients to collect their medication without needing to return to the healthcare facility.

8. What efforts is Saudi Arabia undertaking to combat epidemics and infectious diseases? The Saudi Ministry of Health is making significant efforts to combat epidemics and infectious diseases through national campaigns and programs targeting all age groups. These include comprehensive vaccination programs for children against diseases like diphtheria, measles, polio, whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B, influenza, and others. The Ministry also implements mandatory vaccinations for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims and intensifies national awareness campaigns for prevention, such as vaccination drives against HPV. These efforts reflect a strategic approach to protect the community and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Saudi Arabia: Enhancing the Health Sector

Based on the sources, Saudi Arabia is actively engaged in enhancing its health sector through various initiatives and programs.

Key aspects of the Saudi health sector highlighted in the sources include:

• Commitment to Universal Healthcare: The Kingdom participates in the global celebration of World Health Day on April 7th each year, an event initiated by the World Health Assembly in 1950 to commemorate the founding of the World Health Organization in 1948. Saudi Arabia organizes awareness events and programs aiming to facilitate access to health services for all segments of society.
• Focus on Awareness and Prevention: There is a strong emphasis on raising awareness about the importance of health and its connection to economic and environmental factors. Activities are held in health and educational facilities like universities and medical centers, offering advice on healthy nutrition, the importance of exercise, and sufficient fluid intake, along with educational consultations. The Kingdom is also actively combating smoking through intensified awareness efforts during Ramadan, organized by the Qassim Health Cluster. These campaigns involve organizing awareness corners and exhibitions in public places to highlight the health, economic, and social risks associated with smoking and electronic cigarettes. Furthermore, the Ministry of Health is making significant efforts in combating epidemics and infectious diseases through national programs and campaigns targeting all age groups, including comprehensive vaccination programs for children.
• Specific Health Initiatives and Programs:”Wafi” and “Tashafi” services: These services, linked to the Ministry of Health and the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), aim to ensure the safe and proper use of medication. “Wafi” allows for electronic prescription verification, while “Tashafi” enables monitoring and follow-up of medication use, including reminders about doses and appointments. These services also aim to reduce crowding at hospital pharmacies.
• Expanded Immunization Program: This program provides vaccinations for children against various diseases like diphtheria, measles, whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, rotavirus, and pneumococcal infections.
• Vaccination Campaigns for Pilgrims: The Ministry of Health mandates vaccines for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, such as meningitis and seasonal influenza vaccines, to protect them from potential epidemics.
• National Awareness Campaigns: These campaigns focus on preventing the spread of epidemics and promoting awareness about diseases like HPV.
• Psychological Support: Initiatives aim to improve public health and enhance psychological well-being among individuals and the community.
• Anti-Smoking Campaigns: The Ministry of Health, along with health clusters like the Qassim Health Cluster, intensifies efforts to combat smoking through awareness programs and exhibitions.
• Support for Autism: The Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Campaign for Autism was launched in the Jazan region to raise awareness, enhance services for individuals with autism and their families, and support training and inclusion programs.
• Development of Healthcare Infrastructure and Services: The Kingdom is focused on developing the healthcare system effectively and sustainably, with an emphasis on prevention. This includes leveraging technology, as seen in the development of the “Sehaty” application.
• International Cooperation: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the European Union are collaborating on a project to exchange radiological data between the GCC Center for Radiological Data Exchange (GCC-RDEP) and the Joint Research Centre for Nuclear Safety and Security, to manage emergency situations.
• Hospital Achievements: Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital at Takhassusi successfully treated a sixty-year-old patient who was paralyzed due to a rare cancerous tumor in her chest that extended to her back.
• Focus on Public Health: Public health is a priority, with programs aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing diseases, and maintaining a healthy environment.

Overall, the sources indicate a proactive and multi-faceted approach by Saudi Arabia to improve the health and well-being of its population through awareness campaigns, preventative measures, the development of health services and infrastructure, and international collaborations.

Saudi Arabia Real Estate: Regulations, Market Shifts, and Riyadh Platform

Based on the sources, the real estate market in Saudi Arabia is currently undergoing changes and developments. One article notes that the real estate market is expected to witness scrutiny due to new regulations. During this period of change, some individuals are reportedly exploiting the situation by raising rental values for both residential and commercial properties, which is creating additional pressure on citizens, residents, and commercial tenants.

However, another perspective from the sources indicates that these new regulations, when properly implemented, are anticipated to foster a balance between supply and demand. This balance is predicted to have a positive impact on the stability of the real estate market itself.

Furthermore, there is an active initiative to develop the real estate sector in Riyadh. The Riyadh governorate is currently working on creating a specialized electronic platform for the real estate sector. This platform aims to directly receive land requests from citizens, eliminating the need for intermediaries or external parties. The goal is to streamline the process for citizens seeking land in the Riyadh area.

It is also important to note a caution mentioned in the sources regarding unofficial claims related to land grants. The authorities have emphasized that any updates or details concerning the electronic platform or land allocation procedures will be announced through official channels of the Riyadh governorate and the relevant authority related to health. The public is urged to obtain information only from official sources and to be vigilant against any fraudulent attempts that claim to offer land grants outside the official regulatory framework.

Trump’s Tariffs and Trade Policies: Global Implications

Based on the sources, there is discussion regarding US tariffs, particularly those imposed by Donald Trump.

One article states that a “double whammy” of customs duties imposed by Trump under the name “Liberation Day” on April 2nd, combined with OPEC+ increasing its production on April 3rd, led to a sharp drop in oil prices. These reciprocal customs duties ranged from 10% to 54%. This article also mentions that the US is displeased with the trade surplus with Taipei, which reached $74 billion. Dr. Fahad Mohammed bin Juma’h argues that these policies, including the new tariffs, could lead to a new inflationary wave and slow down economic growth and trade disputes, potentially pushing the global economy into stagflation.

Furthermore, source indicates that if negotiations with partners regarding tariffs do not result in an agreement, Trump threatens to intensify sanctions, alongside efforts to reduce the trade surplus with Venezuela. The article also notes that analysts anticipate the US Federal Reserve to lower interest rates five times this year, which could influence oil prices as the dollar weakens.

Additionally, source mentions that US President Donald Trump informed foreign governments that they would need to pay “large amounts” for the “comprehensive, customs duties”, which he referred to as “medicine”.

Source states that Trump’s administration informed officials in Baghdad that if measures were not taken to resolve certain issues, their territory might be targeted by US airstrikes.

In summary, the sources highlight Trump’s imposition of significant customs duties, his dissatisfaction with trade surpluses, and his willingness to use tariffs and sanctions as leverage in international relations. The potential consequences of these tariff policies, such as inflation, slowed economic growth, and trade disputes, are also mentioned.

Al-Aqsa Mosque: Settler Rituals and Palestinian Response

Based on the sources, the discussion surrounding Al-Aqsa Mosque centers on attempts by settlers to conduct religious rituals within its premises. Palestinian religious and national bodies have issued urgent calls to gather as many people as possible at Al-Aqsa Mosque, particularly in the days leading up to the “Passover” holiday. This mobilization is aimed at confronting the plans of settlers and preventing any attempts to bring offerings into the mosque or storm its courtyards.

Furthermore, one source, while primarily discussing the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron, mentions that the attacks by settlers, especially at Al-Aqsa Mosque, are part of a systematic effort to gradually transform the Ibrahimi Mosque into a Jewish synagogue. This suggests a broader concern about the encroachment on and potential alteration of Islamic holy sites by settlers.

King Salman Relief: Absence in Provided Sources

Based on the provided sources, there is no direct discussion or mention of “King Salman Relief”.

While the sources do discuss various charitable initiatives and humanitarian efforts within Saudi Arabia, such as the Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Campaign for Autism launched in the Jazan region, and the “Absher Bel Eidiyah” initiative by a volunteer association, there is no specific information provided about any relief efforts explicitly named or attributed to King Salman.

Main Headings

• وزير الدفاع يبحث مع نظيره الأميركي تطورات الأوضاع الإقليمية The Minister of Defense discusses regional developments with his American counterpart.
• السوق العقاري يترقب الأنظمة الجديدة The real estate market is awaiting new regulations.
• يوم الصحة العالمي.. المملكة تعزز الوعي World Health Day: The Kingdom raises awareness
• تبادل البيانات الإشعاعية بين دول «الخليجي» والاتحاد الأوروبي Exchange of radiation data between the Gulf countries and the European Union
• تاسي» استوعب صدمة الرسوم الأميركية Tasi absorbed the shock of the US tariffs
• استشهاد 210صحفيين في قصف إسرائيلي 210 journalists killed in Israeli bombing
• تايـوان تتعهد إزالـة الحواجز التجارية مع أميـركا Taiwan pledges to remove trade barriers with the US

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These articles from “Al Riyadh” newspaper cover a range of topics from early April 2025. Several pieces discuss international relations and trade, including Saudi Arabia’s condemnation of Israeli actions and the European Union’s response to potential US tariffs. Economic news includes analysis of the Saudi stock market, oil price fluctuations due to global factors, and challenges facing the petrochemical industry. Other articles highlight Saudi Arabia’s domestic initiatives in human capabilities development, project management, digital transformation in education and media, and efforts to support the Arabic language. Finally, there are reports on local events, sports news, and community updates, including aid efforts for Gaza and cultural events in Saudi Arabia.

Study Guide: Analysis of “20734.pdf” Excerpts

I. Key Themes and Concepts:

• The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Understand the historical context, including UN Resolution 181 (1947), the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and the displacement of Palestinians. Focus on the concept of the two-state solution and international support for it.
• Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy: Analyze Saudi Arabia’s consistent stance on the Palestinian issue, its demand for a 1967 border-based independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, and its condemnation of Israeli actions. Note its emphasis on the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination.
• International Reactions to the Conflict: Recognize the international community’s criticism of Israeli policies like settlement construction and the separation wall. Understand the call for recognition of a Palestinian state on 1967 borders by the UN Security Council member states that haven’t yet done so.
• Economic News and Analysis: Understand the impact of international events (like potential US tariffs) on global and Saudi markets, including the oil sector. Note the analysis of defensive sectors during times of uncertainty and the reasons behind market fluctuations.
• Saudi Arabia’s Domestic Developments: Be aware of various events within Saudi Arabia, including regional administrative appointments, conferences (e.g., Human Capability Initiative, Global Project Management Forum), and initiatives in education and culture (e.g., King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language, Riyadh Art Week).
• Global Trade and Tariffs: Understand the potential implications of increased tariffs and trade disputes, particularly the US-China trade tensions, and their effect on various economies and sectors.
• The Role of Technology and Artificial Intelligence: Note the discussion on the increasing reliance on AI for analysis and decision-making and the potential risks associated with the decline of human critical thinking.
• Sports and Cultural Events: Be aware of the coverage of local sports leagues, team performances, and cultural events like “Layali Dami Al-Saif” and the revival of traditional Najdi dances.
• Social Issues and Humanitarian Concerns: Understand the reports on the humanitarian situation in Gaza, including food insecurity, restricted aid, and the psychological impact on children. Note the discussions around visa policies and expatriate worker issues.

II. Quiz:

1. What was the main outcome of UN Resolution 181 in 1947 regarding Palestine, and what significant event in 1948 resulted in the displacement of many Palestinians?
2. Describe Saudi Arabia’s official stance on the establishment of a Palestinian state, specifically mentioning the key conditions for establishing diplomatic relations with Israel.
3. According to the excerpts, what actions by Israel are frequently criticized by the international community and Saudi Arabia in relation to the Palestinian territories?
4. Explain the analysis provided in the text regarding the performance of “defensive sectors” like telecommunications and food during times of economic uncertainty.
5. What was the focus of the Human Capability Initiative conference mentioned in the excerpts, and under whose patronage was it held?
6. Describe the potential negative consequences discussed in the text regarding the increasing global trade tensions and the imposition of tariffs, particularly by the US and China.
7. According to one of the opinion pieces, what is a potential danger associated with the increasing reliance on artificial intelligence for analysis and decision-making?
8. What was the significance of the “Layali Dami Al-Saif” event, and what broader cultural initiative was it part of in Jeddah?
9. Based on the excerpts, what are some of the key challenges faced by the population in Gaza, as reported by international organizations?
10. According to the excerpts, what is the primary goal of the King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language’s collaboration with Indiana University?

III. Quiz Answer Key:

1. UN Resolution 181 called for the partition of Palestine into two states: one Jewish and one Arab. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, which led to the establishment of Israel, resulted in the displacement and expulsion of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians.
2. Saudi Arabia’s stance is firm on the necessity of the Palestinian people obtaining their legitimate rights, demanding an independent Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital. It has stated there will be no diplomatic relations with Israel without recognition of this state and a withdrawal from the Israeli aggression on Gaza and the West Bank.
3. The international community and Saudi Arabia frequently criticize Israeli policies such as the construction of the separation wall, the building and expansion of settlements in Palestinian territories, and the ongoing incursions into Al-Aqsa Mosque. They uphold the rights of Palestinians, including their right to self-determination and independence.
4. The analysis suggests that during times of current uncertainty, defensive sectors like telecommunications and food are considered to be in a state of defense, implying they might be more stable or less affected by market downturns compared to other sectors.
5. The Human Capability Initiative conference, held under the patronage of the Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Ministers’ Committee for the Human Capability Development Program, focused on preparing for the future “beyond 2014” and enhancing human capabilities to adapt to rapid global changes.
6. The potential negative consequences of increased tariffs and trade disputes include higher prices for consumers, the possibility of a global trade war, and the risk of pushing economies around the world into recession. The US-China trade tensions, with retaliatory tariffs, exacerbate these concerns.
7. One opinion piece suggests that a potential danger of increasing reliance on AI is the decline of human critical thinking and the transformation of humans into obedient followers of machine decisions, potentially leading to intellectual extinction before digital superiority.
8. “Layali Dami Al-Saif” was a significant and celebratory intellectual gathering inaugurated by the Governor of Makkah, emphasizing Saudi Arabia’s cultural and literary values. It served as the launch of an exhibition titled “Layali fi Hubb Khalid Al-Faisal” as part of the “Jeddah Season 2025.”
9. Key challenges faced by the population in Gaza include severe food insecurity due to the continued closure of crossings and prevention of aid entry, the destruction of water infrastructure, and the repeated forced displacement amidst ongoing conflict, leading to psychological distress, particularly among children.
10. The primary goal of the King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language’s collaboration with Indiana University is to train teachers of Arabic for non-native speakers using advanced educational methods, enhance their teaching abilities, and develop the skills of their learners.

IV. Essay Format Questions:

1. Analyze the consistency and key principles of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as presented in the provided excerpts. Discuss the potential impact of this stance on regional and international diplomatic efforts.
2. Critically evaluate the interconnectedness of global economic events, such as US tariff policies, and their potential ripple effects on the Saudi Arabian economy, particularly the oil and stock markets, as suggested by the text.
3. Discuss the significance of the various conferences and initiatives mentioned in the excerpts (e.g., Human Capability Initiative, Riyadh Art Week, King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language) in the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals for human capital development and cultural enrichment.
4. Explore the potential benefits and risks of the increasing integration of artificial intelligence into analysis and decision-making processes, drawing upon the arguments presented in the opinion piece regarding the future of human intellect.
5. Examine the humanitarian situation in Gaza as depicted in the excerpts, considering the roles and responsibilities of international actors and the long-term implications for the affected population.

V. Glossary of Key Terms:

• قرار 181 (Resolution 181): A United Nations resolution passed in 1947 that called for the partition of Palestine into two separate states, one Jewish and one Arab.
• حل الدولتني (Two-State Solution): A proposed framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by establishing two independent states, one for Israelis and one for Palestinians, living side-by-side in peace and security.
• حق تقرير المصير (Right to Self-Determination): The principle that a people should be able to freely decide their own political status and form of government without external influence.
• الجدار الفاصل (Separation Wall): A barrier constructed by Israel in the West Bank, the route and impact of which are highly controversial and have been condemned by international bodies.
• المستوطنات (Settlements): Israeli civilian communities established on land captured by Israel in the 1967 war, considered illegal under international law by many countries and organizations.
• وكالة غوث وتشغيل اللاجئين الفلسطينيين (UNRWA – United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East): A UN agency that provides assistance and protection to Palestinian refugees registered in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.
• العمرة (Umrah): A voluntary Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that can be performed at any time of the year, distinct from the annual Hajj pilgrimage.
• الرسوم الجمركية (Tariffs): Taxes imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.
• التحول المؤسسي والخدمي (Institutional and Service Transformation): A comprehensive process of organizational change aimed at improving efficiency, effectiveness, and the quality of services provided.
• منظمة الأمم المتحدة للطفولة (UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund): A UN agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.
• الذكاء الاصطناعي (Artificial Intelligence – AI): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
• مبادرة القدرات البشرية (Human Capability Initiative): A program or conference focused on developing and enhancing the skills, knowledge, and potential of individuals, often in line with broader national development goals.
• الإرث الثقافي (Cultural Heritage): The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
• الرؤية (Vision) 2030: A strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia with the goal of diversifying its economy, developing public service sectors, and enhancing its role in the international community.

Al Riyadh Newspaper: April 7, 2025 – Key Themes

Briefing Document: Analysis of Provided Sources

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts extracted from the provided excerpts of the Al Riyadh newspaper dated Monday, April 7, 2025. The articles cover a range of topics, including international relations, economic developments, local events, cultural initiatives, and social issues within Saudi Arabia and the wider region.

1. Palestinian Issue:

• Two-State Solution Support: The Kingdom’s position remains consistent in supporting the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, emphasizing the necessity of a two-state solution with an independent Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital.
• Condemnation of Israeli Policies: Saudi Arabia criticizes Israeli policies, including the construction of the separation wall and settlements, and affirms the Palestinians’ right to self-determination and independence.
• No Diplomatic Ties Without Recognition: The Kingdom has informed the US administration that there will be no diplomatic relations with Israel unless the independent Palestinian state is recognized on the 1967 borders, East Jerusalem is its capital, and the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip ceases with the withdrawal of all Israeli occupation forces.
• Call for International Recognition: The Kingdom reiterates its constant call to the international community, especially Security Council member states that have not yet recognized Palestine, to recognize the Palestinian state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital. This is to enable the Palestinian people to attain their legitimate rights and for a comprehensive and just peace to be achieved for all.
• Condemnation of Al-Aqsa Mosque Incursion: Saudi Arabia strongly condemns the storming of the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque by the Israeli National Security Minister under the protection of the occupation police and the expulsion of worshippers. It reiterates its denunciation of the continued blatant Israeli violations of the sanctity of Al-Aqsa Mosque.
• Condemnation of Targeting UNRWA Clinic: The Kingdom also condemns the targeting by Israeli occupation forces of a clinic belonging to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) in the Jabalia refugee camp in the northern Gaza Strip, denouncing the continued targeting by Israeli occupation forces.
• Deteriorating Humanitarian Situation in Gaza: UNICEF reports on the severe food insecurity in the Gaza Strip due to the ongoing Israeli aggression and the continued closure of crossings, preventing the entry of medical aid, supplies, and nutritional supplements for 35 days. Over a million children in Gaza have been deprived of life-saving aid for more than a month, representing a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law.
• Water Crisis in Gaza: The majority of water wells in Gaza are out of service, and the central desalination plant west of Gaza City is damaged, alongside power shortages. The municipality now relies by 70% on transported water in tankers, part of which is distributed in barrels on carts to areas not reached by the municipal water network. Israeli occupation deliberately targeted water facilities during the aggression, causing significant damage and widespread destruction of wells and networks, creating a severe crisis.

2. Saudi Arabia’s Internal Affairs and Vision 2030:

• Eid Al-Fitr Greetings: Princes and officials received well-wishers on the occasion of Eid Al-Fitr in Riyadh and the Eastern Province.
• Institutional and Service Transformation: The Emir of Hail emphasized that the next stage requires achieving institutional and service transformation in line with the objectives of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.
• Human Capabilities Initiative Forum: Riyadh will host the second edition of the Human Capabilities Initiative Forum from April 29 to May 1, 2025, under the patronage of the Crown Prince. The forum aims to unite international efforts, enrich dialogue, exchange expertise, and discuss ideas that enhance the readiness of human capabilities to cope with rapid global changes. Over 300 leaders, policymakers, and experts from various sectors will participate.
• Global Project Management Forum: Riyadh will also host the fourth edition of the Global Project Management Forum from May 17 to 19, 2025, focusing on “The Next Generation in Project Management: Power of Operations, Power of Human Capital, Power of Technology.” The forum aims to discuss the future of project management, promote innovation, and strengthen the Kingdom’s position as a global leader in this vital field.
• King Salman Medical City Training Center: The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties has accredited the training program in neurosurgery at King Salman Medical City in Madinah as a comprehensive training program.
• Ministry of Education at Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions: The Ministry of Education will participate in the 2025 edition of the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, showcasing 134 inventions by Saudi talents, including students and companies, reflecting the Kingdom’s focus on national priorities, innovation, and development in line with Vision 2030.
• Ehsan Platform Recognition: The Ehsan platform was recognized and honored for its outstanding services in achieving sustainable social impact, aligning with the objectives of Vision 2030.
• King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) Participation: Ithra will participate in the Riyadh Art Week, showcasing the interaction between Saudi cultural heritage and global influences in contemporary art.

3. Economic Developments and Market Trends:

• Stock Market Fluctuations: The Saudi stock market experienced fluctuations mirroring global market trends, particularly influenced by US President Trump’s announcement of imposing high customs tariffs on imports, raising fears of a negative impact on the global economy and trade disputes. An analyst noted that the Saudi market values remain fair and that impulsive selling could lead to significant investor losses. Defensive sectors like telecommunications and food are considered relatively safe during the current uncertainty.
• Impact of US Tariffs: The US imposition of high customs tariffs on imports from several countries, including China and potentially the European Union, is a significant concern. This has led to retaliatory tariffs and increased global trade tensions, raising fears of inflation and a slowdown in economic growth. Experts predict US consumers will face higher prices, and European consumers will also feel the pressure.
• Oil Price Decline: Oil prices fell significantly by 7% due to China’s increase in customs tariffs on American goods, escalating trade war fears and leading investors to anticipate a greater likelihood of recession. Major investment banks lowered their global oil demand growth forecasts.
• US-EU Trade Tensions: The European Union is considering a unified response to the US tariffs, likely targeting $28 billion worth of American imports. There are fears that the escalating trade dispute could turn into a global trade war, increasing costs for economies and pushing consumers into recession.

4. Regional Security and International Relations:

• US Envoy’s Visit to Lebanon: The US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs visited Lebanon and held meetings with top officials, including President Michel Aoun, to discuss the situation in southern Lebanon and other issues. This coincides with continued Israeli airstrikes on Lebanese territories despite the ongoing cessation of hostilities since November 27. The debate about the disarmament of Hezbollah has resurfaced.
• Yemen Conflict: The Houthi group announced the killing and injury of six people in an American bombing in Saada governorate, the group’s main stronghold in northern Yemen. The US Central Command confirmed conducting strikes against Houthi missile sites. The Houthis also reported targeting a supply ship of the US aircraft carrier “Truman” with a ballistic missile and claimed to have disrupted “hostile attacks on Yemen” in the past hours, vowing to continue their operations until the aggression on Gaza stops and the blockade is lifted.
• Iran-US Relations: Oman is reportedly mediating talks between Iran and the United States. The article also outlines key historical junctures in the long-standing rivalry between Tehran and Washington.
• US Visa Restrictions on South Sudan: The United States imposed unprecedented visa restrictions on citizens of South Sudan, accusing the transitional government of not taking steps to address issues with its citizens who have been deported from the US.

5. Social and Cultural Events:

• Riyadh Art Week: Riyadh Art Week is taking place, featuring exhibitions, workshops, and interactive art displays across the capital, highlighting the dynamic contemporary art scene in Saudi Arabia.
• “Layali Fi Hubb Khalid Al-Faisal” Exhibition: An exhibition titled “Layali Fi Hubb Khalid Al-Faisal” was inaugurated as part of the “Jeddah Season 2025,” celebrating the artistic and literary legacy of Prince Khalid Al-Faisal.
• King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language Program in the US: The King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language, in cooperation with Indiana University in the United States, is organizing a specialized scientific program for Arabic language teachers of non-native speakers.
• Abu Dhabi Arabic Language Centre New Index: The Abu Dhabi Arabic Language Centre announced a new index, “Arabic Language Strength Index,” to measure and track the community’s connection to the Arabic language.

6. Sports:

• Saudi U-17 National Team Qualifies for FIFA U-17 World Cup: The Saudi U-17 national team qualified for the FIFA U-17 World Cup 2025 in Qatar after defeating Thailand 3-1 in the AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualifiers held in Taif.
• Jeddah to Host AFC Basketball Asia Cup Draw: Jeddah will host the draw ceremony for the AFC Basketball Asia Cup, which will be held in Saudi Arabia in early August.
• Al-Ahli Coach Linked to Bundesliga Club RB Leipzig: Reports suggest that Matthias Jaissle, the coach of Al-Ahli Saudi FC, is a potential candidate to take over as coach of RB Leipzig due to the poor ongoing results of the current coach, Marco Rose.

7. Opinion and Analysis:

• The Saudi Role in International Mediation: An opinion piece highlights Saudi Arabia’s growing political standing and its potential to become a significant global mediator in international conflicts, especially in the Middle East, driven by Vision 2030.
• The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Thought: An article discusses the increasing reliance on artificial intelligence for analysis and decision-making, raising concerns about the potential decline of human critical thinking and the risk of humans becoming overly dependent on machines.
• Critique of Al-Hilal Football Club Performance: A fan expresses disappointment with the recent performance of Al-Hilal football club, stating that the team no longer strikes fear in opponents and needs to address the level of some players.

8. Traffic Regulations and Safety:

• General Directorate of Traffic Clarifies Enforcement Procedures: The General Directorate of Traffic clarified that vehicle impoundment or penalty enforcement will only occur after the expiry of the grace period stipulated by regulations (Article 75), emphasizing that fines are doubled only if payment is not made within the specified period. The system offers violators several options, including a 30-day grace period with a 25% discount if paid within that period, and the possibility of requesting a 90-day extension for payment within the first 15 days of the violation being recorded.
• Citizens Demand Addressing Dangerous Afif/Qassim Road: Citizens and travelers are urging relevant authorities to address the dangerous state of the Afif/Qassim road, which has become a major artery but suffers from poor condition, potholes, and frequent truck traffic, leading to accidents. They are calling for the acceleration of the road dualization project.

9. Customs and Smuggling:

• Saudi Customs Records 1071 Seizure Cases: Saudi customs outlets recorded 1071 seizure cases of prohibited items, including drugs, controlled substances, tobacco products, and monetary amounts, reflecting the ongoing efforts of the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority to enhance security and protect society.

This briefing document provides a snapshot of the diverse issues and events covered in the provided excerpts from Al Riyadh newspaper, highlighting Saudi Arabia’s active engagement in regional and international affairs, its focus on achieving the goals of Vision 2030, and various local developments and social concerns.

Saudi Arabia: Global Events and Initiatives

FAQ on the Provided Sources

1. What are the key historical and ongoing issues concerning Palestine as highlighted in the sources?

The sources emphasize the 1947 UN Resolution 181 calling for the division of Palestine into two states and the subsequent 1948 Arab-Israeli War, which led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. The international stance, supported by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, advocates for a two-state solution with an independent Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital. The sources criticize Israeli policies such as building the separation wall and expanding settlements, while affirming the rights of Palestinians, including their right to self-determination and independence. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia maintains that there will be no diplomatic relations with Israel without the recognition of an independent Palestinian state within the 1967 borders and the withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Gaza Strip. The continued Israeli incursions into Al-Aqsa Mosque and targeting of UNRWA facilities in Gaza are also condemned.

2. What is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s position on the Palestinian issue and what actions does it advocate for?

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s position on the Palestinian issue is firm and supportive of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, including their right to an independent state based on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital. Saudi Arabia insists that there will be no diplomatic ties with Israel until an independent Palestinian state is recognized within these borders and the Israeli aggression against Gaza ends with a full withdrawal of its forces. The Kingdom consistently calls on the international community, particularly permanent members of the UN Security Council, to recognize the State of Palestine. It strongly condemns Israeli actions such as incursions into Al-Aqsa Mosque and attacks on Palestinian civilians and facilities, urging an end to these violations.

3. How did the Riyadh stock market and Saudi economy react to global economic events and trends mentioned in the sources?

The Riyadh stock market experienced a downturn, mirroring global market declines following concerns over potential US tariffs on imports announced by President Trump. This sparked fears of trade wars and negative impacts on the global economy. Despite the market fluctuations, Saudi economic analysts maintained that the Saudi market values remained fair and cautioned against impulsive selling, emphasizing the strong fundamentals of the Saudi economy, particularly the expected significant spending by tourists in 2024. Certain sectors like telecommunications and food were considered defensive in the face of economic uncertainty. The drop in oil prices, partly attributed to China’s retaliatory tariffs on US goods, also influenced the economic outlook.

4. What initiatives and events are being organized in Saudi Arabia to promote human capital development and innovation, as highlighted in the sources?

Saudi Arabia is actively investing in human capital development through initiatives like the “Human Capability Initiative” conference, scheduled for April 2025 in Riyadh. This major event, under the patronage of the Crown Prince, aims to prepare for future needs by focusing on developing human capabilities to adapt to rapid global changes. It will bring together over 300 global experts and leaders from various sectors to exchange ideas and promote readiness for the future job market. The Ministry of Education is also partnering in this effort, including hosting an educational exhibition. Additionally, King Abdulaziz University is organizing a conference on digital media and communication, and the Riyadh will host the Global Project Management Forum, all indicating a strong focus on development and innovation in line with Vision 2030.

5. What are the concerns and reactions regarding potential trade wars and tariffs, as discussed in the sources?

The sources express significant concern over the potential for escalating trade wars triggered by the United States imposing tariffs on imports, particularly from China. This has led to retaliatory tariffs and fears of a global economic slowdown or recession. International organizations like the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) have voiced concerns about the negative impact on poorer nations. The European Union is also considering a unified response to US tariffs, fearing a broader trade conflict that could harm global economies and consumers. Economic experts predict potential price increases for consumers and disruptions to international trade. The historical context of past tariffs and their impacts, such as during the Great Depression, is also referenced, highlighting the potential dangers of protectionist trade policies.

6. What is the situation in Gaza concerning humanitarian aid, water resources, and the impact of ongoing conflict on civilians, especially children?

The situation in Gaza is dire, with severe restrictions on the entry of humanitarian aid, medical supplies, and food, ongoing for at least 35 days according to UNICEF. This has led to a critical lack of essential resources, including treatment for malnutrition in children, exacerbated by renewed Israeli military actions. The conflict has caused widespread displacement, with nearly 1.9 million people, including many children, repeatedly forced to flee amidst shelling, fear, and loss. Water infrastructure has been severely damaged, with the central desalination plant west of Gaza City impacted, leading to a heavy reliance on tanker trucks to distribute limited water supplies. The psychological impact on civilians, particularly children, is also significant. The UN and other organizations continue to call for an end to hostilities and unfettered access for humanitarian assistance.

7. What cultural and heritage-related events and initiatives are highlighted in the sources within Saudi Arabia?

The sources showcase a vibrant cultural scene in Saudi Arabia. The “Nights in the Love of Khaled Al-Faisal” event in Jeddah, part of the “Jeddah Season 2025,” celebrates the artistic and literary contributions of Prince Khaled Al-Faisal. Riyadh is hosting “Riyadh Art Week,” featuring over 45 galleries and artistic spaces, aiming to highlight the Kingdom’s contemporary art scene and its interaction with the global art world. The King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language is collaborating with Indiana University in the US to conduct a training program for Arabic language teachers, emphasizing the development of modern teaching methods. Additionally, the Abu Dhabi Arabic Language Centre announced a new index, “Arabic Language Strength Index,” to measure and track the Arab community’s connection with the Arabic language. The historical village of Saduq, near Riyadh, is presented as a living heritage site reflecting the region’s deep historical and cultural roots. The revival of the traditional Najdi war dance during Eid celebrations in Al-Salmiyah also underscores efforts to preserve and pass on cultural heritage.

8. What are some of the international political and diplomatic activities involving Saudi Arabia mentioned in the sources, beyond the Palestinian issue?

Beyond its consistent stance on Palestine, Saudi Arabia is portrayed as an active player in international diplomacy. The sources mention Saudi Arabia hosting American, Russian, and Ukrainian officials for talks, indicating its potential role as a mediator in global conflicts. This is seen as a reflection of Saudi Arabia’s growing capabilities and ambitions in international relations, particularly in conflict resolution. The Kingdom’s Vision 2030 is credited with enhancing Saudi Arabia’s political standing and its ability to influence international issues. The sources suggest a future where Saudi Arabia plays an increasingly significant role in international mediation, moving beyond its traditional role in a region often associated with conflict.

Israeli Actions in Lebanon, Syria, and Jerusalem

The sources discuss Israeli occupation forces in several contexts.

One source mentions an Israeli raid in southern Lebanon, where the Israeli army announced it targeted two operatives in “Hezbollah”. A statement from the Lebanese Ministry of Health reported that the final death toll from this raid rose to two, after one injured person in Zibqin died from their severe wounds. The Israeli military spokesperson stated that the two individuals were targeted while rebuilding “terrorist infrastructure belonging to Hezbollah” in the “engineering sector”.

Another source discusses the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, mentioning that “Jewish Talmudic groups” according to “Temple organizations” are advocating for the introduction and slaughter of a young goat inside the mosque as a “sacrifice to God on the Arab Passover every year”. This source also notes that these “Temple” groups have managed to perform some rituals inside Al-Aqsa in past years, while their attempts to conduct animal sacrifices have failed, as this is described as the only religious ritual they haven’t been able to carry out inside the mosque. The context here refers to “the occupation,” indicating the perspective of those who view Israel’s presence in Jerusalem as an occupation.

Furthermore, the sources report on Israeli military actions in other regions, including “Israeli attacks” in Syria and a potential future “Israel attack”. A strike in Sidon, southern Lebanon, is also mentioned, following the killing of a leader in the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, his daughter, and his grandson in an Israeli raid in Hama, Syria. This strike in Sidon is noted as the second instance targeting the capital’s suburbs since a ceasefire was established.

The sources also refer to a past ceasefire agreement that stipulated the withdrawal of “Hezbollah” to north of the Litani River and the dismantling of their military installations, in exchange for the withdrawal of the Israeli army from all Lebanese territories it entered during a previous war. This agreement was considered a victory for Lebanon, linked to previous international resolutions, including those related to disarming all non-state forces. The text explicitly mentions “the occupied Lebanese territories” in this context.

Additionally, one source indicates that “Israel authorities” have a responsibility under international humanitarian law to ensure the basic needs of the population in the Gaza Strip are met. This implies a degree of control or responsibility over the territory and its inhabitants, consistent with the concept of occupation, although the term itself is not used in this specific instance.

Al-Aqsa Mosque: Israeli-Palestinian Context and Temple Groups

The sources discuss the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian issue and actions by certain religious groups.

One source mentions the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem while reporting on the Kingdom’s condemnation of the Israeli occupation forces targeting a UNRWA clinic in the Jabalia camp in the Gaza Strip. This indicates that the Al-Aqsa Mosque is located in a context where Israel’s presence is viewed as an occupation.

Another source reports on calls by the “Return to the Temple Mount” organization urging its supporters to start attempting to slaughter sacrifices, such as a goat or sheep, inside the Al-Aqsa Mosque or at its gates during the Jewish Passover. This call was directed at supporters in the Old City of occupied Jerusalem, with the intention of trying throughout the following week to present the sacrifice at the “appropriate time” according to their interpretation of the Torah.

Furthermore, the sources detail that “Jewish Talmudic groups,” as stated by “Temple” organizations, advocate for the introduction and slaughter of a young goat inside the Al-Aqsa Mosque every year as a “sacrifice to God on the Arab Passover”. These “Temple” groups have reportedly succeeded in performing some religious rituals inside Al-Aqsa in past years, such as blowing the horn and offering plant sacrifices. However, their attempts to conduct animal sacrifices inside the mosque have failed, and this is described as the only religious ritual they haven’t been able to carry out there. This discussion about the Al-Aqsa Mosque is framed within the context of the “occupation”.

Gaza: Humanitarian Crisis and Regional Conflict

The sources discuss the Gaza Strip primarily in the context of the humanitarian crisis and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

One source highlights the critical need for humanitarian aid to enter the Gaza Strip. UNICEF has thousands of life-saving aid parcels, intended mostly for Gaza, that are currently being stored. Edward Beigbeder, UNICEF Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa, emphasized the urgency of allowing immediate aid access, stating that it is a legal obligation under international law, not merely a charitable act. He specifically called on Israeli authorities to ensure the basic needs of the Palestinian population in the Gaza Strip are met, in accordance with their responsibilities under international humanitarian law. This includes the legal duty to guarantee the provision of essential items like food and medicine for families to survive.

Furthermore, the Gaza Strip is mentioned as a central point of solidarity in the region’s conflicts. Houthi forces have announced the resumption of naval attacks in the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea in support of the “Palestinian people in Gaza” against what they identify as “Israeli ships”. Their stated goal is to continue these operations and prevent navigation until the “aggression” against Gaza ceases and the blockade is lifted. This group is described as being aligned with Iran. In response, the United States has reportedly restarted intensive air strikes on Houthi-controlled areas in Yemen after a pause.

Additionally, one of the sources mentions that the Kingdom condemned the actions of “Israeli occupation forces” for targeting a UNRWA clinic in the Jabalia camp within the Gaza Strip. This indicates a perspective that views Israel as the occupying power in Gaza and denounces military actions taken by Israeli forces there.

US Trade Tariffs and Global Economic Impact

The sources discuss trade tariffs primarily in the context of actions taken by the United States, particularly under the administration of Donald Trump, and the responses from other countries and economic observers.

Several sources highlight a mutual trade tariff war between the USA and the rest of the world, triggered by US actions. Economists have advised investors to exercise caution and re-evaluate their investment strategies amidst these increasing trade tensions. The market downturn has been partly attributed to China imposing retaliatory tariffs on the United States. In response to these developments, the US Treasury Secretary acknowledged that the stock market experienced a short-term decline due to the tariffs but did not believe they would be the sole cause of an economic recession.

One source notes that US trade tariffs have historically rarely yielded positive outcomes. It points out that Donald Trump’s recent implementation of tariffs was a departure from the United States’ long-standing promotion of free trade and globalization. Historically, the US has imposed tariffs, but these measures have often failed to achieve convincing results. Trump’s policies included rejecting multilateral trade agreements such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which was renegotiated into USMCA. These actions reflect a unilateral “America First” approach. Trump’s motivations included bolstering American industries, particularly in rural and industrial areas that form his electoral base, and reducing the federal budget deficit.

The European Union (EU) has also discussed the implications of US tariffs and potential countermeasures. EU ministers aimed to present a unified response and indicated a readiness to implement retaliatory measures if negotiations with Washington to remove the tariffs were unsuccessful.

Regarding the impact on other regions, the sources specifically mention Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries. While the direct impact of US tariffs might be limited due to exemptions for energy products, there could be indirect effects. A slowdown in the US economy, potentially caused by these trade tensions, could reduce global demand for oil and petrochemical products, affecting the revenues of Gulf oil-producing nations. A more significant concern for the Gulf region was the consideration by Trump’s team to devalue the US dollar, which could lead to a reshaping of the global financial system.

Overall, the sources portray the imposition of trade tariffs by the US as a significant shift in international trade policy, generating retaliatory actions from other major economies and causing concern among investors and economic policymakers globally.

Global Cultural Exchange Initiatives

The sources discuss several cultural exchange initiatives across different fields, including language, arts, and broader human development.

One significant cultural exchange initiative is the cooperation between the King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language and Indiana University in the United States. This is a project aimed at training Arabic language teachers for non-native speakers. The program focuses on developing the teachers’ educational capabilities through advanced teaching methods and enhancing the skills of their students. According to the Secretary-General of the academy, “this program comes as a completion of the efforts made in developing the skills of Arabic language teachers and learners for non-native speakers”. The initiative reflects the academy’s “keenness to exchange experiences with Indiana University to benefit from academic expertise and the best practices in teaching the Arabic language at the international level”. The program includes a “specialized training course on linguistic tests and a course specialized in training on the ‘Hamza’ test (an academic test)”, emphasizing the practical application of assessment tools.

Another prominent cultural exchange initiative is “Riyadh Art Week”. This event is described as a “platform that brings together various components of the artistic scene in the Kingdom and the world, thereby contributing to drawing the features of the future of art in the region”. It aims to foster “purposeful dialogues between local and international artistic communities”. The week encompasses various activities, including “conversations and workshops”, a “video art program” showcasing the works of both “Saudi and international artists”, and “carefully curated art exhibitions” that are accompanied by “discussion sessions and interactive workshops” on local and global artistic topics. Notably, “a number of prominent Saudi artists open the doors of their studios to visitors, providing a unique opportunity for direct interaction with their creative methods”. The themes explored during the event include “the role of art in inspiration, connection, and challenge”, and it delves into topics like “how human arts face global and emerging issues”.

The upcoming “Human Capability Initiative conference” in Riyadh, in partnership with the Ministry of Education and the international education exhibition (EDGEx), also has aspects of cultural exchange. This initiative is intended to “discuss the latest practices and major projects in various sectors” and serve as a “platform for exchanging opinions and visions about projects, with the aim of achieving greater success and enhancing human capabilities”. The target audience includes professionals from the government and private sectors, engineering and contracting companies, entrepreneurs, consultants, and youth office managers, suggesting a broad exchange of knowledge and expertise.

Additionally, the “Winter at Tantora” festival is mentioned as a “global event that brings different cultures together”, explicitly highlighting its role in cultural exchange.

These examples demonstrate diverse cultural exchange initiatives discussed in the sources, spanning from formal academic collaborations focused on language education to large-scale artistic events fostering dialogue and interaction between local and international artists, as well as broader forums for the exchange of ideas and practices in human development and festivals celebrating cultural diversity.

Main Headings

• برعاية الملك.. تكريم الفائزات بجائزة الأميرة نورة للتميز النسائي Under the King’s patronage, winners of the Princess Noura Award for Women’s Excellence are honored.
• السوق السعودي يواكب هبوط البورصـات العالميـة The Saudi market keeps pace with the decline of global stock markets.
• التصدي للتحايل بربط التأشيرة بمدة برنامج العمرة Combating fraud by linking the visa to the duration of the Umrah program
• لبنان: مقتل شخصين في غارة إسرائيلية Lebanon: Two killed in Israeli airstrike
• طـــهـــران تـــعـــارض عــقــد مـــفـــاوضـــات مــبــاشــرة مـــع واشــنــطــن Tehran opposes direct negotiations with Washington
• غزة: مليون طفل يواجهون شبح المجاعة Gaza: One million children face the specter of famine

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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Multiple articles from Al-Riyadh newspaper cover a range of topics. Recent events in Saudi Arabia are highlighted, including partnerships, economic developments, and cultural initiatives like Ramadan events and art exhibitions. Regional issues are also addressed, such as the ongoing conflicts in Sudan and Gaza, as well as diplomatic efforts in Lebanon and Syria. Furthermore, the publication discusses sports, business regulations, infrastructure projects, and social topics relevant to the Kingdom. These articles collectively offer insights into current affairs and the Kingdom’s multifaceted activities.

Understanding the Source Material: A Study Guide

Quiz: Short Answer Questions

1. What is the significance of the real estate procedures recently directed by the Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman?
2. According to Ambassador Al-Sheikh, what was the main goal of the Saudi-Georgian Business Forum held in Tbilisi?
3. What potential positive impact could the announced US tariffs have on the Saudi stock market, according to Mohammad Al-Hazmi?
4. What were the key issues discussed during the meeting between Lebanese officials and US envoy Morgan Ortagus?
5. What is the primary architectural style being used in the renovation of the Al-Mashqi Mosque in Asir?
6. What are the main strategic objectives behind the project to rehabilitate historical mosques in Saudi Arabia?
7. What is the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre doing to support Sudan, as mentioned in the excerpts?
8. What is the main goal of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to become a global hub for esports, as highlighted in the report?
9. According to Dr. Nouf Al-Ghamdi, what are some of the expected economic consequences of the US tariff increases?
10. What was the primary focus of the royal decree concerning real estate regulations north of Riyadh, as mentioned in Dr. Saud Al-Murshid’s article?

Quiz: Answer Key

1. The real estate procedures aim to elevate the capital and other cities economically in line with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, fulfill citizens’ needs, and create a balance between supply and demand in the real estate sector.
2. The main goal of the forum was to strengthen the Saudi-Georgian partnership and investment, especially in light of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, and to introduce representatives of each country’s business environment.
3. The US tariffs could potentially increase the attractiveness of the Saudi stock market due to concerns related to the tariffs’ impact, leading to an inflow of migrating capital and improved liquidity in the Saudi financial market.
4. The key issues discussed included the situation in southern Lebanon, the work of the international monitoring committee, the Israeli withdrawal, and the overall situation in the south, as well as measures to prevent any chaos or smuggling across the Lebanese-Syrian borders.
5. The primary architectural style being used in the renovation of the Al-Mashqi Mosque is the traditional Sarat style, characterized by its unique design and the use of natural materials from the Sarat mountains.
6. The main strategic objectives include rehabilitating historical mosques, restoring their architectural authenticity, highlighting their historical and cultural significance, and benefiting from their original architectural features in modern mosque designs.
7. The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre is distributing food baskets to those most in need in Sudan, as part of a project to support food security in the country for the year 2025.
8. The main goal is to establish Saudi Arabia as a leading global center for esports by providing a stimulating environment for players and developers, investing in strong infrastructure, and hosting major international competitions.
9. Dr. Al-Ghamdi suggests the US tariff increases could lead to higher production and import costs, potentially passed on to consumers, contributing to a new inflationary wave and causing capital flight from US assets.
10. The primary focus of the royal decree was to reorganize the real estate market, achieve balance, address the rise in land prices and rents, streamline relevant regulations, and ultimately create a more stable and sustainable real estate market for citizens.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 with the various initiatives and events highlighted in the provided news excerpts, such as real estate development, international partnerships, and cultural projects.
2. Discuss the potential implications of increasing global economic and political uncertainties, as suggested by the reports on US tariffs and regional conflicts, on Saudi Arabia’s economic diversification and investment strategies.
3. Evaluate the significance of Saudi Arabia’s growing engagement in international partnerships and forums, using the Saudi-Georgian relationship as a primary example, and consider the benefits and challenges of such collaborations.
4. Examine the role of cultural and heritage preservation, as seen in the restoration of historical mosques and the promotion of Saudi arts and culture, within the broader context of Saudi Arabia’s national identity and its Vision 2030 goals.
5. Assess the multifaceted humanitarian efforts undertaken by Saudi Arabia, as exemplified by the work of the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre and its engagement in regional stability efforts, and discuss their impact on the Kingdom’s international standing.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Vision 2030: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s ambitious strategic framework launched to diversify its economy, develop public service sectors such as health and education, and position the country as a global hub.
• Real Estate Procedures: Official actions and regulations related to the buying, selling, and development of land and properties, often implemented to stabilize the market and meet housing needs.
• Supply and Demand: Basic economic principle referring to the amount of a commodity, product, or service available (supply) and the desire of buyers for it (demand), which influences prices.
• Tariffs: Taxes imposed by a government on goods or services imported from other countries, often used to protect domestic industries or as a tool in international trade relations.
• Stock Market Liquidity: The ease with which assets, such as stocks, can be bought or sold without significantly affecting their price; high liquidity generally indicates a healthy market.
• International Monitoring Committee: A body composed of representatives from different countries or international organizations tasked with observing and reporting on specific situations, often related to peace agreements or border issues.
• Architectural Authenticity: The genuine character of a building or structure in terms of its original design, materials, and construction techniques, often a focus in restoration projects.
• Humanitarian Aid: Assistance provided to people in need, often during or after crises such as natural disasters or conflicts, aimed at alleviating suffering and meeting basic needs.
• Esports Hub: A central location or region that fosters and supports electronic sports through infrastructure, events, talent development, and investment.
• Inflationary Wave: A period of sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of money.
• Capital Flight: The movement of large amounts of money out of a country due to economic or political instability, or in response to policy changes like tariffs.
• Real Estate Market Stability: A condition in the property sector characterized by consistent prices, balanced supply and demand, and a lack of extreme fluctuations, fostering confidence among buyers and sellers.
• Cultural Heritage Preservation: Efforts to protect and maintain historical, artistic, and cultural artifacts, sites, and traditions for future generations.
• International Partnerships: Collaborative relationships between two or more countries, often involving economic, political, or cultural cooperation to achieve mutual goals.
• Humanitarian Efforts: Actions undertaken to alleviate human suffering and improve the well-being of individuals and communities, often in response to crises or chronic needs.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “alriyadh.com” Newspaper Excerpts (April 6, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes and important ideas and facts presented in the provided excerpts from the April 6, 2025 issue of the Saudi Arabian newspaper “Al Riyadh.” The excerpts cover a diverse range of topics, including regional politics, economic development initiatives, cultural events, international relations, and social issues within the Kingdom and beyond.

Main Themes:

• Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and Economic Diversification: Several articles highlight the ongoing efforts to achieve the goals of Vision 2030, particularly in economic diversification and improving the quality of life for citizens.
• Strengthening International Partnerships and Investment: The newspaper emphasizes Saudi Arabia’s active engagement in building and enhancing partnerships with other nations, focusing on economic and investment cooperation. Georgia is presented as a key partner in this regard.
• Regional Political Developments and Conflicts: The excerpts touch upon various ongoing regional conflicts and political situations, including the situation in southern Lebanon, the conflict in Sudan (Darfur), and Israeli actions in Gaza and Syria.
• Cultural and Social Developments within Saudi Arabia: The newspaper covers various cultural initiatives, events, and social programs aimed at promoting national heritage, arts, and empowering different segments of society.
• Global Economic Trends and Their Impact: The potential impact of US tariffs on the Saudi stock market is discussed, along with broader global economic shifts.

Key Ideas and Facts:

1. Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and Economic Development:

• Real Estate Sector Boost: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman directed initiatives to boost the real estate sector, aiming to balance supply and demand and provide housing for citizens. This is seen as aligning with the goals of Vision 2030.
• Quote: “…الإجراءات العقارية التي وجه بها سمو ولي العهد الأمر محمد بن سلمان بن عبدالعزيز، تستهدف من أجل تعزيز القطاع الخاص، وتوفير منتجات عقارية للمواطن والأداة والطلب، وخلق التوازن بين العرض…”
• Saudi Stock Market Attractiveness: The potential imposition of US tariffs is discussed as a factor that could increase the attractiveness of the Saudi stock market due to investors seeking stable alternatives.
• Quote (Mohammed Al-Hazmi): “وقال من المحتمل أن يسهم تدفق رؤوس الأموال المهاجرة إلى أسواق الأسهم السعودية وعودتها، نتيجة للمخاوف المتعلقة بتأثرات تطبيق التعرفة الجمركية، في تعزيز النمو في السوق المالية السعودية بشكل ملحوظ.”
• Regulation of the Real Estate Market: The Real Estate General Authority is actively monitoring media and social media to regulate the market and prevent exploitation.
• Quote (Dr. Saud Al-Muraished): “…واتخاذ كل ما من شأنه أن يحقق سوقًا عقارية متوازنة وأكثر استقرارًا واستدامة…”
• Riyadh as an Events Hub: Riyadh is developing into a major center for events, fostering social cohesion and celebrating national occasions like Eid.
• Quote (Fahd bin Saad Al-Quthami): “حينما تصنع الرياض البهجة لا تكتفي بالتفاصيل، إما أن تدهشك بتلبية التوقعات، وليالي العيد كانت شاهدة على تحّول مدروسًا يعكس توجهًا استراتيجيًا نحو تعزيز التلاحم الاجتماعي…”

2. Strengthening International Partnerships and Investment (Focus on Georgia):

• Enhanced Saudi-Georgian Relations: The Saudi Ambassador to Georgia noted the “ascending” relations between the two countries, highlighting multiple meetings and forums aimed at strengthening partnership and investment.
• Quote (Ambassador Al-Sheikh): “نوه سفير خادم الحرمين الشريفين لدى جورجيا والسفير المقيم لدى أرمينيا الشيخ آل عبد الرحمن بن سلمان بالعلاقات السعودية – الجورجية.”
• Tbilisi Silk Road Forum: The forum served as a platform to enhance cooperation, with significant participation from international partners and the signing of agreements, including the establishment of a Saudi-Georgian Business Council.
• Quote (Ambassador Al-Sheikh): “وكان هدف المنتدى تعزيز الشراكة بين المملكة وجمهورية جورجيا، فقد تم اغتنام فرص التكامل والاستثمار وتوقيع المنتدى وصاحب السعادة اتفاقية إنشاء المجلس الأعمال السعودي – الجورجي…”
• Saudi-Georgian Investment Forum (Tbilisi, February 2024): This forum, attended by the Saudi Minister of Investment and the Georgian Vice Prime Minister, aimed to promote investment opportunities and highlighted the shared strategic goal of linking transportation and logistics sectors with Europe.
• Quote (Minister of Investment Khalid Al-Falih): “وأبان معالي الفالح في وقته أن المملكة وجمهورية جورجيا تتشاركان في نفس الهدف الاستراتيجي وهو ربط قطاع النقل والخدمات اللوجستية بآسيا بأوروبا حيث يحمل القطاع إمكانات كبيرة…”
• Growth in Trade Exchange: The volume of trade exchange between Saudi Arabia and Georgia reached approximately 162 million Saudi Riyals in 2023, with Saudi exports constituting 31% and Georgian imports 69%. Both countries aim to increase this volume.
• Saudi-Georgian Coordination Council: A memorandum of understanding was signed to establish a “Saudi-Georgian Coordination Council.”

3. Regional Political Developments and Conflicts:

• Lebanon: US Deputy Assistant Secretary Morgan Ortagus met with Lebanese officials, including President Aoun and Prime Minister Salam, to discuss the situation in southern Lebanon, the role of the international monitoring committee, and Israeli violations. The implementation of UN Resolution 1701, aimed at establishing state control and disarming non-state actors, was also discussed.
• Quote (Lebanese Presidency Statement): “وأفاد بيان الرئاسة اللبنانية بأن «أجواء بناءة» سادت اللقاء الذي عقد في القصر الجمهوري في بعبدا بين عون وأورتاغوس، مضيفًا أنهما بحثا «ملفات الجنوب اللبناني، وعمل لجنة المراقبة الدولية، والانسحاب الإسرائيلي والوضع في الجنوب».”
• Sudan (Darfur): The World Food Programme suspended aid in Darfur following the killing of aid workers in ongoing battles. Thousands fled Khartoum due to the conflict, and many countries evacuated their citizens. The UN had previously warned of the distribution of arms to civilians and the potential for ethnic clashes.
• Quote: “في 16 أبريل، أعلن برنامج الأغذية العالمي التابع للأمم المتحدة بعد مساعداته، تعليق مقتل عدد من عمال الإغاثة في المعارك الدائرة في دارفور (غرب) عند الحدود مع تشاد.”
• Gaza: Israeli military operations continued in Rafah, Gaza, with renewed airstrikes. Health authorities reported a rising number of casualties and difficulties in reaching those under the rubble.
• Syria: Syria accused Israel of “deliberately destabilizing” the country following a series of airstrikes targeting military sites. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported casualties. The government also responded to a report by Amnesty International regarding mass killings of Alawite civilians.

4. Cultural and Social Developments within Saudi Arabia:

• “In the Love of Khalid Al-Faisal” Exhibition: An exhibition was held in Jeddah as part of the Jeddah Season 2025, honoring Prince Khalid bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz.
• Hail Events During Eid Al-Fitr: Hail witnessed over 550,000 visitors to its parks and recreational areas during Eid Al-Fitr, enjoying various cultural and entertainment activities.
• Development of Al-Mashqi Mosque in Asir: The Al-Mashqi mosque, one of the oldest historical mosques in the Asir region, is being restored in the traditional Sarat style as part of the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques.
• Quote: “يبرز مسجد المشقي في قرية المشقي الواقعة شرق جنوب مدينة أبها بنحو 32 كلم، بصفته أحد أقدم المساجد التاريخية في منطقة عسير الذي بني في أول عام هجري، بين عامي 73-75هـ، ليشمله مشروع الأمير محمد بن سلمان لتطوير المساجد التاريخية في مرحلته الثانية…”
• King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre: The center distributed food baskets to those in need in Sudan and Syrian refugees in Lebanon, highlighting Saudi Arabia’s ongoing humanitarian efforts.
• Quote: “وزّع مركز الملك سلمان للإغاثة والأعمال الإنسانية 2.000 سلة غذائية الأكثر احتياجًا للأسر المحلية والنازحة في ولاية عطبرة نهر النيل بجمهورية السودان، استفاد منها 12.001 فرد…”
• Saudi Internal Auditors Ranked Among Top Globally: The Saudi Association for Internal Auditors’ progress reflects positively on the profession in the Kingdom, placing it among the top 10 professional associations globally according to the International Institute of Internal Auditors.
• Quote: “انعكس التقدم هذا بأن السعودية للمراجعين الداخليين، لتصبح ضمن تقييم وفق عالميًا، مهنية جمعيات 10 أفضل الداخليين، مما يؤكد للمراجعين الدولي المعهد في المملكة إليها وصلت التي المرموقة المكانة في مستمرة الجمعية أن مؤكدًا القطاع، هذا المشهد في المملكة حضور لترسيخ جهودها المهني الدولي…”
• Growth of E-Sports in Saudi Arabia: The Kingdom is striving to become a global hub for e-sports, with significant investments and successful Saudi teams achieving international recognition.
• Quote: “في ظل التوجهات المستقبلية التي تعتمد على الابتكار والتطور التكنولوجي، أصبحت الرياضات الإلكترونية من أبرز المجالات الريادية في المملكة العربية السعودية.”
• Empowerment of People with Disabilities: The education administration in Al-Ahsa is investing in programs to empower students with disabilities, enabling their participation in various fields, including industry.
• Quote: “أخذت رؤية المملكة 2030 الطموحة على عاتقها الأخذ بيد جل أبناء الوطن وتمكينهم ليكونوا منتجين، ليسهموا في مستقبل هذا الوطن العظيم وفق قدرته، ومنح ذوي الإعاقة فرصًا ليكونوا جزءًا فعالًا وسط مجتمع حيوي…”

• “Ela’a” Academy for Lifelong Learning: The Royal Commission for AlUla launched “Ela’a,” the first academy of its kind in Saudi Arabia to adopt the concept of lifelong learning, aiming to empower the local community and develop human capital in line with Vision 2030.
• Quote: “أطلقت الهيئة الملكية لمحافظة العلا أكاديمية العلا للتعلم مدى الحياة )إعلاء(، وهي الأولى من نوعها التي تتبنى مفهوم التعلم مدى الحياة في المملكة ضمن مساعيها لتنمية القدرات البشرية بما يحقق مستهدفات رؤية 2030…”
• Cultural Scene in March: The Ministry of Culture and its specialized bodies implemented various cultural programs and initiatives in March, reflecting a growing cultural movement in the Kingdom. This included “Ramadan Season” events, participation in the “Ahmed Mater: Aeriel” exhibition in Shanghai, the launch of the third edition of the Playwriting Competition, and Saudi Arabia’s participation in the London International Book Fair 2025.
• Quote: “شهد شهر مارس الفائت زخمًا ثقافيًا نشطًا في المملكة العربية السعودية، حيث نفذت وزارة الثقافة وهيئاتها المتخصصة سلسلة من البرامج والمبادرات الثقافية النوعية، التي تعكس تنامي الحراك الثقافي المحلي السعودي وتعزز حضوره العالمي، في ظل رؤية المملكة 2030 التي تضع الثقافة في قلب التنمية.”
• King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language: The academy continues its efforts to promote the Arabic language globally, launching the “Arabic Language Month in Spain” program and preparing for its fourth annual conference focusing on the digital environment and the lexicographical industry.
• Quote (Dr. Saleh bin Abdullah Al-Washmi): “يواصل مجمع الملك سلمان العالمي للغة العربية جهوده الهادفة إلى تعزيز مكانة اللغة العربية عالميًا، وتنفيذ برامجه النوعية محليًا ودوليًا، في سياق دعم انتشارها علميًا وثقافيًا.”
• Saudi Film Festival Announces Lineup: The Saudi Film Festival, organized by the Cinema Association in partnership with Ithra, announced the list of participating films in its 11th edition.

5. Global Economic Trends and Their Impact:

• Potential Impact of US Tariffs: The article discusses the potential for US tariffs to negatively impact US imports and potentially lead to a trade war. However, it also suggests that this could make the Saudi stock market more attractive to investors seeking stable havens.
• Quote (Dr. Nouf Al-Ghamdi): “ولفتت الغامدي إلى انعكاس هذه التطورات سلبًا على ثقة المستثمرين، حيث تراجعت مؤشرات الثقة بالاقتصاد الأمريكي إلى أدنى مستوياتها منذ أزمة 2008، وفقًا لبيانات «كونفرنس بورد».”
• Growing Boycott Movement Against US Goods: In response to potential tariffs, a growing movement to boycott American goods is emerging in affected countries, utilizing social media to organize and share information on alternative products and brands.
• Quote: “ردًا على رسوم ترمب.. تنامي حركة مقاطعة البضائع الأميركية في الدول المتضررة”

Overall Significance:

These excerpts from “Al Riyadh” provide a snapshot of Saudi Arabia’s multifaceted development and its active role in the regional and global landscape. The strong emphasis on Vision 2030 initiatives, particularly in economic diversification, infrastructure development, and cultural enrichment, is evident. The Kingdom’s commitment to fostering international partnerships, especially in the economic sphere, is highlighted through the focus on Saudi-Georgian relations. At the same time, the newspaper acknowledges and reports on the complex and often challenging political and humanitarian situations in the wider Middle East and Africa. The coverage of cultural and social programs underscores the Kingdom’s efforts to empower its citizens and promote its heritage and arts. Finally, the discussion of global economic trends and their potential impact on Saudi Arabia demonstrates an awareness of the interconnected nature of the world economy.

Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030 and Key Developments

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What are the key objectives of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, as highlighted in these articles? Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, as emphasized in these sources, aims at diversifying the Kingdom’s economy away from oil dependency, enhancing the quality of life for its citizens, and establishing Saudi Arabia as a global leader in various sectors. This includes developing non-oil sectors like tourism, technology (especially e-sports), and real estate, fostering international partnerships and investments, promoting cultural exchange, and empowering its citizens through education and job creation. The vision also focuses on preserving the Kingdom’s cultural and historical heritage while embracing modernity and openness.

2. How are Saudi Arabia and Georgia strengthening their bilateral relations, particularly in economic and investment sectors? Saudi Arabia and Georgia are actively enhancing their partnership through increased diplomatic engagement, business forums, and the signing of numerous agreements and memoranda of understanding (MoUs). Key initiatives include the establishment of a joint Saudi-Georgian Business Council to boost mutual investments, facilitate trade, and explore opportunities in sectors such as transportation, energy, and tourism. The two countries have also focused on streamlining trade processes, avoiding double taxation, and promoting direct air links to foster economic and people-to-people connections, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030’s goals for international collaboration and investment attraction.

3. What is the significance of the recent real estate regulations issued in Saudi Arabia, and what are they intended to achieve? The recent real estate regulations in Saudi Arabia, spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, aim to reorganize and stabilize the real estate market. These measures include lifting construction halts in certain areas, providing ready-to-build residential lands for citizens under specific conditions, and revising related regulations. The primary objectives are to create a balanced and sustainable real estate market, increase homeownership among citizens, protect the rights of all stakeholders, and ultimately contribute to the Kingdom’s economic growth by stimulating construction activities.

4. How is Saudi Arabia developing its e-sports industry, and what achievements have been made in this sector? Saudi Arabia is making significant strides in developing its e-sports industry to become a global hub. This involves creating a supportive environment for players and developers through continuous support and substantial investments in infrastructure and initiatives. Saudi teams have achieved international recognition by winning major tournaments, such as the “Falcon” team’s victory in the e-sports World Cup in the “Gaming” season. These successes, backed by the leadership’s strategic vision, are positioning Saudi Arabia as a major force in the global e-sports arena and contributing to the diversification of the national economy and the digital sector.

5. What efforts are being made to preserve and develop historical mosques in Saudi Arabia? Saudi Arabia has launched a comprehensive project, spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, to restore and rehabilitate historical mosques across the Kingdom. The second phase of this initiative includes the development of the Al-Mashqi Mosque in Asir, aiming to revive its original architectural style and historical significance. The project focuses on using natural materials from the region and adhering to traditional architectural designs. The broader goals of this initiative are to preserve the historical and architectural heritage of these mosques, enhance their role in worship, and highlight the cultural and religious depth of Saudi Arabia, aligning with the Vision 2030’s emphasis on national heritage.

6. How might the recent US tariffs impact Saudi Arabia’s stock market and economy? According to financial experts cited in the article, the recent US tariffs could potentially increase the attractiveness of the Saudi stock market due to concerns related to the effects of these tariffs and the possible return of migrating capital. The stability of the Saudi economy and the available investment opportunities, especially in line with the diversification goals of Vision 2030, could draw investors seeking safer and more promising markets. This inflow of funds might improve liquidity in the Saudi financial market and contribute to overall economic growth, particularly as investors look for alternatives amid global trade uncertainties.

7. What role does the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre (“KSrelief”) play in international humanitarian efforts? The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre (“KSrelief”) is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s primary entity for providing international humanitarian aid and relief. It undertakes a wide range of projects aimed at alleviating suffering and addressing the needs of vulnerable populations around the world. Recent examples include the distribution of food baskets in Sudan and Lebanon to support food security for those affected by crises. KSrelief’s efforts reflect Saudi Arabia’s commitment to humanitarian principles and its active role in addressing global humanitarian challenges.

8. How is Saudi Arabia supporting people with disabilities and promoting their inclusion in society and the workforce? Saudi Arabia, in line with its Vision 2030, is actively working to empower people with disabilities and ensure their full rights and integration into society. The Ministry of Education and related administrations are investing in educational and rehabilitation programs tailored to their needs. Initiatives like the “World of Industry” program in Al-Ahsa exemplify these efforts by providing vocational training and opportunities for individuals with disabilities to contribute to the nation’s development and showcase their capabilities, including participating in significant national projects.

Saudi-Georgia Bilateral Relations: Growth and Cooperation

Saudi Arabia and Georgia share increasingly strong bilateral relations characterized by growing cooperation in various fields. These relations have witnessed notable development in diplomatic and political ties.

A significant aspect of Saudi-Georgia relations is the growing economic cooperation and investment between the two nations. The bilateral trade volume reached approximately 162 million Saudi Riyals in 2023. During this period, Saudi exports constituted 31% of this volume, while Georgian imports represented 69%.

Further bolstering economic ties, the Saudi-Georgian Business Forum was held in Tbilisi in October 2024, with the participation of over 200 companies from both sides. This forum witnessed the signing of several important commercial agreements and partnerships in key sectors such as transport, energy, and tourism, reflecting a mutual commitment to enhancing economic and investment cooperation.

Tourism also plays a role in the relationship, with Georgia experiencing a notable increase in the number of Saudi tourists visiting the country. This rise is partly attributed to the fact that Saudi citizens do not require a visa to enter Georgia, facilitating travel between the two nations.

Both Saudi Arabia and Georgia have expressed their commitment to strengthening bilateral relations and developing cooperation across various fields in a way that serves the interests of both countries. This commitment is further evidenced by the signing of an agreement for the Saudi-Georgian Coordination Council.

His Excellency the Saudi Ambassador to Georgia, Sheikh Ali bin Abdulrahman bin Salman Al Sheikh, who is also the non-resident Ambassador to Armenia, has highlighted the efforts undertaken by the Saudi embassy in Georgia to further develop relations between the two friendly countries. Georgia is described in the sources as a friendly country with a focus on sustainable development.

The fourth edition of the Tbilisi Silk Road Forum, held in Tbilisi in 2023, also saw the participation of Saudi officials and a delegation of dignitaries, aiming to strengthen partnerships with international partners, including Georgia.

Sudan Conflict: Two Years of War and Humanitarian Crisis

The Sudan conflict is approaching its second year since it began on April 15, 2023, between the army and the Rapid Support Forces. This conflict has resulted in a devastating human cost, with tens of thousands killed and over 12 million people displaced, leading to a worsening humanitarian crisis.

Saudi Stock Market Attractiveness and Capital Migration

Based on the sources, the Saudi stock market is viewed as increasingly attractive.

Specifically, Dr. Ali bin Mohammed Al-Hazmi states that Saudi stock markets are considered enticing and in a good position. He also anticipates a potential migration of global capital from American financial markets to the Saudi stock market. This expected inflow of capital to the local stock market is linked to the application of new customs tariffs.

Dr. Al-Hazmi suggests that diversifying the Saudi economy opens up opportunities and reduces risks, which could contribute to the attractiveness of its financial markets.

The sources also mention that a recent trend shows a migration of capital from American financial markets to global markets, which is described as a complex phenomenon with economic and political dimensions. Factors contributing to this include global economic changes, monetary policies, and geopolitical tensions. This capital migration is not just a movement of funds but also reflects changing confidence in American markets and evolving investor preferences.

In this context, Dr. Al-Hazmi advises that decision-makers and investors should deal with the capital migration phenomenon cautiously, understand the real reasons behind it, and develop appropriate strategies to maintain financial and economic stability in the United States. However, from a Saudi perspective, this migration could signify a positive outlook for the local stock market.

South Lebanon: Diplomacy, Security, and Resolution 1701

Based on the sources, the situation in South Lebanon is a topic of ongoing discussion and concern, involving multiple actors and international resolutions.

Key aspects of the South Lebanon situation, as highlighted in the sources, include:

• Diplomatic Engagement: Meetings have taken place between high-ranking Lebanese officials, including President Michel Aoun and Prime Minister Najib Mikati, and Morgan Ortagus, the US envoy’s deputy for the Middle East. These meetings were described as “constructive” and “positive”, focusing on the situation in South Lebanon and other issues.
• UN Resolution 1701: Discussions have revolved around the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1701, which ended the 2006 war between Israel and Hezbollah. This includes the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanese territory and the cessation of hostilities. The Lebanese army is reportedly taking measures to implement this resolution and extend state authority over all Lebanese territories, including the south, aiming to confine arms to the state.
• Security Concerns: The sources mention ongoing Israeli raids in southern and eastern Lebanon. Furthermore, a recent Israeli air strike in South Lebanon resulted in the death of a Hamas official along with his family. The Lebanese National News Agency reported that the strike was carried out by an “enemy drone” targeting an apartment in Sidon.
• Border Control: Discussions between Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati and Morgan Ortagus also emphasized the need to control the border with Syria to prevent chaos, tensions, and smuggling.
• Hezbollah’s Role: The situation is complicated by the significant influence of Hezbollah in Lebanese affairs, and there is an ongoing debate about disarming the group. The new head of Lebanon’s central bank, Said, has identified combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism as top priorities, amid concerns about Hezbollah’s financial activities and the US Treasury’s sanctions on its financial institution, Al-Qard Al-Hassan. Said has stated that any financial activities by Hezbollah outside the legal framework are unlawful and will be prevented.
• Ceasefire Agreement: These events are occurring despite a ceasefire agreement that has been in place since November 27th.
• Lebanese Economic Situation: The context of these discussions includes Lebanon’s efforts to be removed from the FATF “grey list” and the ongoing repercussions of a severe financial crisis that began in 2019.

In summary, the situation in South Lebanon is characterized by ongoing diplomatic efforts, particularly involving the US, focused on maintaining stability and implementing UN Resolution 1701. However, the situation remains tense due to continued Israeli military activity, the significant presence and influence of Hezbollah, and the complex internal political and economic challenges facing Lebanon.

Saudi Arabia: Humanitarian Aid Under King Salman

While the sources don’t explicitly discuss an entity or program named “King Salman Relief,” they do provide insights into Saudi Arabia’s commitment to humanitarian aid, charitable activities, and support for those in need, which can be understood as reflecting the values and directives under the leadership of King Salman.

Several instances in the sources highlight this commitment:

• During Ramadan, a significant emphasis is placed on providing aid to those fasting. The distribution of Iftar meals near the Grand Mosque in Mecca is mentioned. This demonstrates a dedication to supporting pilgrims and the needy during a holy time.
• The sources show Saudi Arabia’s concern for humanitarian crises in the region, as evidenced by the strong condemnation of Israeli actions in the Palestinian territories and Syria, including the targeting of civilians and shelters. The kingdom also stressed the importance of international accountability for these violations.
• The Palestinian Red Crescent Society’s efforts to provide mobile health clinics, online learning, and other services to the displaced are noted. While not directly attributed to “King Salman Relief,” it indicates a broader regional effort in humanitarian aid.
• The sources mention the role of charitable institutions in achieving national development needs and building the capabilities of individuals and societies, suggesting a structured approach to aid and development within the Kingdom.
• The general atmosphere of charity and giving during the Eid celebrations is also indicated.

Furthermore, the emphasis on providing the best services for pilgrims at the holy sites underscores a commitment to the well-being of those visiting Saudi Arabia for religious purposes.

In summary, while the specific term “King Salman Relief” isn’t used in the provided sources, the content strongly suggests a continuous effort by Saudi Arabia, under its leadership, towards humanitarian aid, charitable giving, and supporting vulnerable populations both domestically and in the wider region. These actions align with the principles of relief and assistance that would be expected under a leadership focused on humanitarian values.

Main Headings

• ولي العهد والرئيس الإيراني يبحثان تطورات الأحداث في المنطقة The Crown Prince and the Iranian President discuss developments in the region.
• المملكة تدين التصعيد الإسرائيلي في الأراضي الفلسطينية وسورية The Kingdom condemns the Israeli escalation in the Palestinian territories and Syria.
• السفير آل الشيخ : المملكة وجورجيا تعززان الشراكة والاستثمار Ambassador Al-Sheikh: The Kingdom and Georgia are strengthening partnership and investment.
• عون وسلام يبحثان مع أورتاغوس الوضع في جنوبي لبنان Aoun and Salam discuss the situation in southern Lebanon with Ortagus
• الرسوم الأميركية» ترفع جاذبية سوق الأسهم السعودية US tariffs increase the attractiveness of the Saudi stock market
• حرب السودان تقترب من إتمام عامها الثاني Sudan’s war nears its second year

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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The provided sources, primarily from the Saudi newspaper Al Riyadh, focus on recent and future developments in the Saudi Arabian real estate market, particularly in Riyadh and Mecca. Several articles detail new regulations and initiatives led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to address rising property prices, increase housing supply, and improve the real estate sector’s organization. One article highlights the positive impact of the Riyadh Metro on tourism. Another explores international approaches to housing affordability crises in countries like Australia, China, and others, drawing potential lessons for Saudi Arabia. Finally, there is coverage of efforts to remove unplanned structures in Mecca to facilitate urban development.

The Riyadh Real Estate Market and Related Economic Developments: A Study Guide

Quiz

1. According to the article, what were the key directives issued by the Crown Prince regarding the real estate market in Riyadh? Briefly describe two of these directives.
2. How does the “Riyadh Train” project aim to enhance tourism within the capital city, as mentioned in the source? What evidence supports this claim?
3. The article highlights the importance of the citizen in Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. Explain how the recent real estate decisions align with the goals of this vision, particularly concerning citizens.
4. What is the stated goal behind setting a price ceiling of 1500 riyals per square meter for residential land in Riyadh? What are the anticipated positive impacts of this measure?
5. The article discusses raising the “white land tax.” What is the purpose of this tax, and what changes are being proposed to it?
6. How will the recent decisions aim to balance the supply and demand of real estate in Riyadh? Mention at least two specific actions intended to achieve this balance.
7. What role does the article suggest the real estate sector plays in supporting the broader national economy of Saudi Arabia? Provide at least two examples.
8. According to Minister of Economy and Planning, Faisal Al-Ibrahim, how will the regulatory intervention in the real estate sector positively affect other sectors of the economy?
9. The article mentions the establishment of a platform to receive land purchase requests. What does this initiative suggest about the government’s approach to land distribution?
10. Briefly summarize the overall sentiment expressed in the articles regarding the Crown Prince’s directives and their potential impact on the Riyadh real estate market and its residents.

Answer Key

1. The Crown Prince issued directives focused on addressing challenges in the real estate market and developing the housing sector. Two key directives included setting a price ceiling of 1500 riyals per square meter for residential land and raising the “white land tax” to encourage development.
2. The “Riyadh Train” aims to improve the tourist experience by making it easier for visitors to navigate the city and access attractions. A recent survey indicated a 96% increase in visitor satisfaction after using the train, suggesting its positive impact.
3. The real estate decisions, such as providing affordable land and regulating the market, align with Vision 2030 by prioritizing citizen well-being and providing them with greater access to housing, a key objective of the vision.
4. The goal of the 1500 riyal price ceiling is to increase the supply of affordable housing and improve the quality of life for Saudi citizens. This is expected to lead to social stability, increased homeownership, and support for national economic growth.
5. The “white land tax” aims to discourage land speculation and encourage development of vacant land. Proposed amendments seek to expedite land development or the payment of the tax.
6. Actions to balance supply and demand include releasing more residential land at a fixed price and lifting development moratoriums on land north of Riyadh. These measures aim to increase the supply of available properties and cater to the needs of individuals and the private sector.
7. The real estate sector is portrayed as a fundamental pillar of the Kingdom’s future and a significant contributor to the national economy. It supports over 150 other industries and creates new job opportunities, driving overall economic growth.
8. Minister Al-Ibrahim stated that regulating the real estate sector and stabilizing housing costs will free up household spending, leading to increased expenditure and consumption in other sectors of the economy.
9. The establishment of a platform for land purchase requests indicates a more organized and transparent approach to land allocation, aiming to streamline the process for citizens seeking to acquire residential land.
10. The overall sentiment is highly positive, with the articles portraying the Crown Prince’s directives as historic, beneficial for the nation and its citizens, and a significant step towards stabilizing the real estate market, increasing homeownership, and fostering economic growth in Riyadh.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the potential short-term and long-term impacts of the Crown Prince’s directives on the real estate market in Riyadh. Consider the perspectives of different stakeholders, including developers, investors, and citizens.
2. Evaluate the role of the real estate sector in achieving the broader objectives of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. Discuss the interconnectedness of real estate development with other economic and social goals outlined in the vision.
3. Compare and contrast the various measures discussed in the provided articles aimed at regulating and stimulating the real estate market in Riyadh. Which of these measures do you believe will be most effective and why?
4. Discuss the significance of prioritizing citizen access to affordable housing as highlighted in the articles. How do the recent real estate decisions reflect this priority, and what are the potential social and economic benefits of this focus?
5. Based on the information provided, assess the potential of Riyadh to become a leading global city for living, working, and investment, considering the planned developments and regulatory changes in its real estate sector.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia’s ambitious long-term strategic plan aiming to diversify the economy, develop public services, and enhance the quality of life for its citizens.
• Crown Prince Directives: Official instructions or orders issued by the Crown Prince, in this context, specifically related to the regulation and development of the real estate market.
• Real Estate Market: The buying, selling, and renting of land and buildings.
• Price Ceiling: A government-imposed limit on the maximum price that can be charged for a good or service, in this case, residential land.
• White Land Tax: A levy imposed on undeveloped land within urban areas to encourage its development and reduce land speculation.
• Riyadh Train (Metro): A public transportation project in Riyadh aimed at improving connectivity and reducing traffic congestion, also intended to enhance tourism.
• Supply and Demand: Fundamental economic forces that determine the price and quantity of goods and services available in a market.
• Regulatory Intervention: Actions taken by the government to influence or control the activities within a specific sector, such as the real estate market.
• Transparency: The quality of being open and honest, providing clear and accessible information, particularly in the context of market transactions and pricing.
• Sustainability: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often applied to economic growth and resource management.
• Moratorium (on development): A temporary prohibition of an activity, in this case, construction or development on certain land areas.
• Platform (for purchase requests): A system or channel established to receive and process applications or demands, here, for acquiring land.
• Economic Diversification: The process of shifting an economy away from reliance on a single sector (like oil) towards a wider range of industries and activities.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts (April 4-5, 2025)

Source: Excerpts from “Al Riyadh” Newspaper, Issue 20732, Dated April 4-5, 2025

Main Themes: This briefing document summarizes the key themes and important information presented in the provided excerpts from the Saudi Arabian newspaper “Al Riyadh.” The dominant themes revolve around significant developments and strategic initiatives related to the real estate market, tourism, and national progress aligned with Vision 2030, particularly in Riyadh. Additionally, there are sections covering religious affairs (expansion of the Holy Mosques), local traditions, international housing crisis comparisons, health-related articles (sleep, digestive issues, gluten sensitivity, pregnancy sleep), and sports news.

Key Ideas and Facts:

1. Comprehensive Vision for Real Estate Market Regulation:

• Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s Directives: On the eve of Eid al-Fitr, the Crown Prince and Prime Minister issued important directives to address challenges in the real estate market. This signifies high-level attention and prioritization.
• Goals: The primary goals are to stabilize prices, ensure the stability of the real estate market, and support the Kingdom’s efforts to develop the housing sector and improve real estate services across all regions.
• Economic Impact: These measures are expected to contribute to supporting the national economy, involving both the public and private sectors.
• Quote: “…important directives from His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman – may God protect him – to take a number of measures aimed at addressing the challenges facing the real estate market…”

2. Riyadh Train Enhances Tourist Experience:

• Significant Increase in Visitors: A survey revealed a 96% increase in visitors to Riyadh after using the Riyadh train.
• Tourism Focus: This initiative is part of broader tourism efforts to showcase the Kingdom’s achievements in the sector.
• Positive Impact: The train project is seen as positively reinforcing the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 in developing infrastructure and boosting tourism.
• Vision Alignment: This aligns with the Vision 2030 goals of transforming the Kingdom into a global tourist destination with comprehensive offerings.
• Quote: “A survey revealed a 96% increase in visitors to Riyadh after using the Riyadh train…”

3. Citizen Well-being as the Core of National Development:

• Clear Goals for Citizen Welfare: The state is taking clear steps with specific goals aimed at making citizens’ lives easier and more seamless.
• Citizen as a Key Element of Vision 2030: The citizen is presented as a crucial and active element in the progress of the Vision 2030 development plan.
• Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s Emphasis on Citizens: The Crown Prince emphasized the importance of citizens, stating that “Since the launch of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, the citizen has been at the forefront of our attention and its goal; he is its pillar…”
• Holistic Plan: Vision 2030 is described as a comprehensive plan serving the nation and its citizens, opening unprecedented horizons.

4. Historic Royal Decrees to Transform Riyadh’s Real Estate Sector:

• Unprecedented Step: The Crown Prince issued a package of historic decisions aimed at a qualitative shift in Riyadh’s real estate sector.
• Vision 2030 Goals: These decisions contribute to achieving the goals of Vision 2030 and fulfilling the dreams of Saudis regarding homeownership.
• Economic Future: The measures aim to shape the future of the national economy.
• Personal Attention to Real Estate: The Crown Prince is personally invested in the details and prosperity of the real estate sector.
• Global Leading City: The goal is to transform Riyadh into a world-class, attractive, and sustainable city for living, working, and investing, achieving well-being for Saudi citizens.
• Support for Multiple Industries: The growth of the real estate sector supports over 150 other industries, highlighting its strategic importance to the national economy.

5. Enhancing Market Attractiveness and Addressing Challenges:

• Leadership’s Focus on Solutions: The leadership emphasizes providing effective solutions to the challenges facing the real estate sector.
• Directives for Removing Obstacles: Directives were issued to relevant authorities to work on removing all obstacles hindering the growth of this vital sector.
• Stabilizing the Market: The aim is to achieve stability in the real estate market, protect the rights of all parties, and regulate real estate transactions.
• Boosting Investment: This will enhance the attractiveness of the market for both local and foreign investments, creating a stable investment environment.

6. Increasing Housing Supply and Facilitating Ownership:

• Approval for Increased Supply: Royal approval was granted to enhance the supply of residential and commercial units.
• Diverse Options: The goal is to provide diverse options that suit different social segments.
• Price Reduction and Homeownership: This is expected to contribute to lower prices and facilitate homeownership for citizens.
• Urban Renaissance in Riyadh: These steps will bolster the urban renaissance in Riyadh and transform it into a global cultural center.
• Competition and Quality of Life: Encouraging developers to offer the best will improve the quality of life in the capital and support the national economy by increasing investments and creating new job opportunities.

7. Affordable Land for Saudi Families:

• Royal Directive for Affordable Land: A royal directive mandates the Royal Commission for Riyadh City to work on providing planned residential lands at prices not exceeding 1500 riyals per square meter.
• Social Stability and Fairness: This aims to support social stability, enhance citizens’ sense of security, and achieve fairness in wealth distribution.
• Support for Young Couples: It will help young people getting married to obtain residential land at suitable prices, easing financial burdens on families.

8. Transparency and Price Monitoring:

• Leadership’s Commitment to Transparency: The leadership is keen on raising the level of transparency in the real estate market and monitoring prices closely.
• Preventing Price Manipulation: This will enable citizens and investors to make informed decisions and limit price manipulation, positively impacting the Saudi economy and boosting market confidence.

9. Accelerating Housing Solutions and Vision 2030 Implementation:

• Government Commitment: These efforts reflect the government’s commitment to providing quick and effective solutions to housing challenges and supporting the goals of Vision 2030 in providing an accessible and sustainable housing environment.
• Improving Public Services: Ultimately, these measures aim to improve the level of services provided to citizens.
• Real Estate as a Cornerstone: The real estate sector is presented as a fundamental pillar in building the Kingdom’s future, not just an economic sector but an integral part of national identity and civilization building.

10. Lifting Development Stoppages in Northern Riyadh:

• Supporting Urban Expansion: Lifting development stoppages in northern Riyadh will contribute to accelerating urban expansion and meeting the needs of population growth.
• Enhancing Riyadh’s Global Standing: This aims to further enhance Riyadh’s position as a modern capital and a global economic center.
• Balancing Supply and Demand: The directives will contribute to achieving a greater balance between the supply and demand for real estate in Riyadh, providing suitable options for individuals and the private sector.

11. Providing Affordable Housing Units:

• Royal Commission to Provide Land: The Royal Commission for Riyadh City will work on providing planned residential lands, ranging from 10,000 to 40,000 plots annually over the next five years.
• Price Ceiling: These lands will be priced no higher than 1500 riyals per square meter.
• Prioritizing Citizen Welfare: This reaffirms the leadership’s priority in providing a dignified life for Saudi families and directly contributing to strengthening the real estate supply.

12. Increasing Transparency and Stability:

• Citizen and Investor Confidence: The Kingdom’s commitment to raising the level of transparency will empower citizens and investors to make effective decisions in a more stable and sustainable Saudi real estate market.

13. Swift Implementation and Government Commitment:

• Accelerating Procedures: Efforts reflect the acceleration of procedures related to real estate, indicating the government’s dedication to providing housing solutions.
• Studies and Consultations: These measures are based on studies conducted by the Royal Commission for Riyadh City and consultations with economic development affairs and the Riyadh City Council.

14. New Areas to Accommodate Population Growth:

• Land Allocation: The Royal Commission for Riyadh City will work on providing planned and developed residential lands for citizens, between 10,000 to 40,000 plots annually for the next five years.
• Eligibility Criteria: This is targeted towards married citizens or those over 25 years old, with conditions including no prior real estate ownership and restrictions on selling, renting, mortgaging, or disposing of the land within 10 years (excluding mortgage for construction).
• Recapture Clause: If construction is not completed within this period, the land will be reclaimed, and the original value will be returned.

15. Swift Regulatory Reforms:

• Amendments to Vacant Land Tax: Necessary regulatory procedures will be taken to issue proposed amendments to the vacant land tax system within 60 days to boost the real estate supply.
• Regulating Landlord-Tenant Relationship: Procedures will also be implemented within 90 days to regulate the relationship between landlords and tenants, ensuring a balance of interests.

16. Minister of Economy and Planning’s Statement:

• Rapid Solutions for Housing Challenges: The new procedures in Riyadh’s real estate market aim to provide rapid solutions to residential real estate challenges, as directed by the Crown Prince.
• Price Cap and Citizen Well-being: The price ceiling of 1500 riyals per square meter aims to enhance the residential supply and achieve the well-being of Saudi citizens.
• Improving Quality of Life: The primary goal is to raise the quality of life and stabilize household spending on residential real estate.
• Stimulating Other Sectors: Regulatory intervention is expected to increase spending and consumption in other sectors beyond real estate, positively impacting the overall economy.
• Lower Costs for Private Sector: This will reduce the cost of real estate for the private sector, enabling SMEs and entrepreneurs to invest.
• Regular Reporting: The Royal Commission for Riyadh City will be tasked with monitoring land supply and prices and submitting periodic reports.
• Lifting Land Stoppages: Land stoppages north of the city have been lifted to open new horizons for development and investment.
• Urban Development and Vision 2030: This step supports urban development and aligns with Vision 2030 targets.
• Leveraging Potential: The decision reflects the direction towards leveraging Riyadh’s significant potential, stimulating real estate and investment projects, and creating more opportunities for businesses and developers.
• Attractive Destination: This will enhance Riyadh’s attractiveness for residents and investors alike.

17. Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing’s Confirmation:

• Three Pillars of Real Estate Market Balance: The recent measures aim to achieve balance in the real estate market through increasing supply, regulating the sector, and monitoring prices.
• Impact of White Land Program: The white land program has contributed to developing many areas in the Kingdom, with over 81 million square meters activated in Riyadh under the program.
• Accelerating Land Development: The system is being amended to incentivize landowners to either develop their land quickly or pay the fee, ensuring a supply of housing projects that meet growing demand.
• Additional Land Offering: The new procedures include offering additional land in northern Riyadh at a rate of 10,000 to 40,000 plots annually.
• Diverse Housing Options: This will provide diverse housing options in high-density areas.
• Review of Rental Sector: The rental sector is undergoing a comprehensive review to develop the contractual relationship between landlords and tenants and introduce new regulatory elements to ensure market stability and fair relationships.
• Monitoring Mechanism: Continuous monitoring and periodic reports will be submitted to the Economic Affairs and Development Council through the Royal Commission for Riyadh City.

18. Praise and Gratitude for Leadership’s Vision:

• The Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing expressed thanks to the Crown Prince for the directives, which embody a comprehensive vision for the land in Riyadh.
• Prioritizing Citizen Needs: The directives prioritize the needs of citizens and confirm the leadership’s commitment to accelerating the pace of real estate development.
• Enhancing Competitiveness and Quality of Life: This aims to provide a competitive urban environment that raises the quality of life and supports the local economy.
• Increasing Homeownership: It will contribute to raising the rate of homeownership by providing options for those seeking housing and supports the goals of the Housing Program, a key initiative of Vision 2030.
• Regulating Rental Market: It is a proactive plan to regulate the residential and commercial rental market in Riyadh.
• Boosting Riyadh’s Attractiveness: This will enhance Riyadh’s attractiveness as a capital and economic and population growth center.

19. Chairman of the Real Estate General Authority’s Confirmation:

• The Chairman affirmed the issuance of necessary regulations for proposed amendments to the white land fee system within 60 days.
• Stimulating Land Development: This is part of government efforts to stimulate land development, increase the supply of housing, and combat speculation.
• Enabling Homeownership and Improving Quality of Life: The goal is to enable citizens to own suitable housing and improve their quality of life.
• Swift Implementation of Directives: Efforts are underway to swiftly implement the leadership’s directives regarding real estate.

20. Real Estate Expert’s Perspective:

• A real estate expert, Khaled bin Shaker Al-Mubayyidh, believes these government-approved procedures will have a positive role in curbing inflation in real estate prices.
• Increased Supply and Attractive Market: Providing a large supply at reasonable prices will boost real estate activity and development, making the market attractive for real estate development companies, ensuring its continued prosperity.

21. Academic and Expert’s Analysis:

• Dr. Mohammed Abdul-Raouf Abu Al-Jadayel noted that the Saudi real estate sector is experiencing a period of prosperity supported by the significant successes achieved by the Saudi economy during the past year (2024).
• Increased Housing Supply and Ownership Rates: The sector witnessed a noticeable increase in the housing supply and ownership rates in 2024.
• Continuing Development Efforts: This directive confirms the Kingdom’s ongoing efforts to develop the housing sector and improve the real estate services system in various regions.
• Curbing Inflation and Market Attractiveness: The aim is to curb inflation in real estate prices by providing a large supply at reasonable prices, thereby enhancing continuous real estate activity and making the market attractive for development companies.
• Achieving Vision 2030 Goals: This contributes to achieving the goals of Vision 2030 by raising the rate of homeownership.

22. Addressing Real Estate Market Challenges and Ensuring Price Stability:

• The Crown Prince’s directives are tackling the challenges facing the real estate market and ensuring price stability.
• Hope for Youth Homeownership: These decisions bring hope to young people seeking to own homes in Riyadh neighborhoods.

23. International Comparisons of Housing Crisis and Solutions:

The article provides a comparative overview of the housing crisis and government interventions in several countries:

• United States: Faces a significant housing shortage and a rising homeless population. Initiatives include zoning reforms, minimum parking requirement eliminations, and debates around rent control. “Housing First” program shows promise in reducing homelessness.
• China: State-owned developers are playing an increasing role in purchasing land amid a real estate crisis. Government encourages local authorities to buy undeveloped land to stabilize the market and build affordable housing.
• Australia: Experiencing housing affordability issues and rising homelessness. Government initiatives include expanding the “Help to Buy” shared equity scheme and establishing a Housing Productivity Fund to incentivize increased supply through offsite manufacturing and streamlined approvals.
• New Zealand: House prices have risen sharply. Government has implemented funding programs for land development and infrastructure, tightened lending restrictions, raised interest rates, and introduced new rules for interest deductibility and foreign investment. Auckland’s zoning reforms in 2016, allowing higher density housing, were successful and are being implemented nationwide.
• Spain: Facing a growing housing affordability crisis. Government has imposed a 100% tax on residential properties purchased by non-EU residents not living in Spain and increased taxes on short-term rentals.
• Japan: Has largely avoided a significant housing crisis due to factors like rapid depreciation of houses, emphasis on apartments for individuals and young couples, and a simple zoning system that promotes comprehensive development. Property taxes decrease over time, incentivizing new construction.
• Austria: Has a significant amount of social and subsidized housing funded by a housing tax. These options are available to people with lower incomes.
• Netherlands: Grappling with a severe housing crisis in Amsterdam due to demand- стимулирование policies without addressing supply, privatization of housing corporations, and tax benefits for mortgage holders that shifted to benefit existing homeowners. Government now aims to build 900,000 new homes by 2030 and is looking at rent control.

24. Local Eid Traditions in Taif:

• “Al-Mallah Al-Jamriyah”: This traditional dish, prepared with ember-cooked dough, honey, local cheese, and ghee, is a staple of Eid al-Fitr in Taif.
• Symbolic Significance: “Al-Mallah” holds popular cultural significance and is a centerpiece of the Eid table.
• Celebratory Atmosphere: The article highlights the joyful atmosphere of Eid in Taif.

25. Removal of Informal Settlements in Makkah:

• Development and Organization: Several government agencies, including the Royal Commission for the Holy City of Makkah and the Holy Sites, the Holy Sites Development Company, the Makkah Municipality, and utility companies, are undertaking measures to remove informal settlements in Makkah.
• Targeted Areas: This includes areas in the southern western part of the region, specifically in the “Min,” “Hawara,” “Khaza’a,” and “Al-Mowarka” neighborhoods, located on a large area bordered by major roads.
• Population Demographics: Saudi nationals constitute less than 10% of the residents in these neighborhoods, with a majority being of African, Burmese, and Bangladeshi origin.
• Vacation of Properties: Residents in several locations have begun moving out of the targeted areas.
• Government Facilities: Government facilities in these areas (health centers, schools, security offices, municipal service offices) are also being removed due to the dense and interconnected nature of the properties.
• Challenging Terrain: These informal settlements are located on the slopes of high mountains.
• Part of Larger Procedures: This removal is part of the procedures followed by regulatory and security authorities and the Royal Commission for the Holy City of Makkah and the Holy Sites.

26. Expansion and Development of the Holy Mosque in Makkah:

• Historical Significance: The Holy Mosque has undergone numerous expansions throughout history, starting from the time of Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab.
• Saudi Era Expansions: The largest expansions occurred during the reigns of King Fahd and King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, significantly increasing the mosque’s capacity.
• King Salman’s Projects: Under the reign of King Salman, major projects continue, including the third Saudi expansion, plaza tunnels, pedestrian tunnels, central service station, and the first ring road around the mosque area.
• Quality Enhancements: These expansions involve high-quality materials, advanced technology for ventilation, and increased facilities.
• Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ Program: The program to serve the guests of Al-Rahman aims to provide quality services to millions of pilgrims and Umrah performers.
• Integrated Services: This includes the “Road to Makkah” initiative, Makkah bus project, and shuttle transport in Madinah.
• Enriching the Islamic Cultural Experience: Efforts focus on enhancing the cultural experience and enjoyment of Islamic sites.
• Vision 2030 Alignment: The program supports Vision 2030 goals of enabling a larger number of Muslims to perform Hajj and Umrah.
• Increased Capacity: The Kingdom aims to host 15 million Umrah performers annually by 2025.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Achieving these goals involves developing effective partnerships with the government, private, and non-profit sectors.
• Strengthening Kingdom’s Position: This enhances the Kingdom’s position as a destination for Muslims worldwide.
• Local Manufacturing for Expansion: Local content initiatives are supporting the expansion, such as the manufacturing of large water-cooled chillers for the Holy Haram’s cooling systems.
• High Level of Care: The General Presidency for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque provides high-quality services and care for visitors.
• Maintenance and Operations: The agency oversees the maintenance and operation of electronic, mechanical, and electrical systems, ensuring optimal performance and readiness.
• Comprehensive Maintenance Programs: The agency implements plans and studies to cover all maintenance aspects, including lighting, fire extinguishers, water tanks, restrooms, sterilization systems, and Zamzam water cooling.
• Testing and Readiness: Regular testing of audio systems, uninterrupted power systems, fire alarm systems, and backup generators is conducted.

27. “Kalam Nawaem” Program Returns:

• The popular women’s talk show “Kalam Nawaem” returns to MBC1 after a hiatus during Ramadan.
• The show features four hosts and welcomes various guests to discuss topics related to women, including turning 40 and career investments.

28. Commencement Address by University Leader:

• A quote from Dr. Matchuo Yutaka from the University of Tokyo emphasizes the importance of focus and effort in achieving distinction after graduation.
• The address provides advice for new graduates on setting ambitious goals, creating a culture of rules and delegation, developing future leaders, and investing in personal and organizational development and innovation.

29. The Equation: Innovation Leads the Future:

• Technological entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in diversifying national income sources and reducing reliance on traditional sectors.
• Emerging tech projects can develop innovative products and services that meet local and global market needs.
• This sector attracts foreign direct investment, creates an attractive environment for talent, and enhances the Kingdom’s position as a regional and global center for innovation and technology.
• This aligns fully with Vision 2030’s goal of building a diverse and sustainable knowledge-based economy.
• Investing in tech entrepreneurship contributes to achieving the Vision’s goals related to innovation, digital transformation, youth empowerment, and job creation.
• Ultimately, tech entrepreneurship is a fundamental pillar for building a strong, national, and sustainable economy and a strategic partner in developing creative industries.

30. “Malaeka Al-Rahmah” (Angels of Mercy): The Role of Saudi Security Personnel:

• Highlights the dedicated service of Saudi security personnel in the Two Holy Mosques during peak seasons.
• Managing millions of pilgrims with diverse backgrounds and cultures is a highly complex task.
• Saudi security personnel are praised for their dedication and human touch in assisting pilgrims, providing examples of their compassionate actions.

31. Health Articles:

• Sleep: Discusses the impact of sleep on memory, concentration, and obesity. Explores the theory of biphasic sleep in pre-industrial eras but notes that modern evidence from traditional societies doesn’t universally support it. Emphasizes the importance of 7-9 hours of sleep for adults. Highlights the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) balanced sleep pattern and recommendations for early sleep and afternoon naps (qailulah).
• Planning Sleep: Addresses whether a sleep study reveals stomach acid reflux, snoring, or breathing interruptions during sleep. Explains how acid reflux can worsen snoring and lead to sleep disturbances.
• Gluten Sensitivity (Celiac Disease): Provides information about Celiac disease, its prevalence, symptoms, diagnosis process (blood tests followed by small intestine biopsy), and the importance of consulting a specialist.
• Sleep Disorders During Pregnancy: Notes that many women experience sleep disturbances during pregnancy, especially in the seventh month, due to factors like frequent urination and pressure on the bladder. Addresses concerns about medication safety for the fetus in cases of severe heartburn.

32. Sports News:

• Newcastle United’s Success: Expresses joy over Newcastle United’s recent Carabao Cup victory, their first major trophy in 70 years. Highlights the enthusiastic celebrations in Newcastle. Attributes this success to the ambitious administrative mindset under the Saudi Public Investment Fund and the club’s chairman, Yasir bin Othman Al-Rumayyan, with the goal of making Newcastle the number one club in the world, under the support of the Crown Prince and Vision 2030.
• Saudi National Team Prospects: Discusses the Saudi national football team’s chances in the 2026 World Cup, noting the increased number of Asian qualifying spots. Points to a possible decline in the team’s performance recently but expresses hope for a comeback. Emphasizes the need for long-term planning for the 2034 World Cup by preparing specific age groups. Suggests studying European and Latin American coaching styles. Highlights the under-20 national team’s qualification for the Under-20 World Cup in Chile in 2025 as a positive sign for the future.
• Amateur Football League’s Excellence: Praises the work of the Saudi Amateur Football League in developing grassroots football, increasing participation, and discovering talents, with support from the leadership and Vision 2030. Provides statistics on the number of tournaments, matches, and participating teams and players in the 2023-2024 season.
• Saudi National Team’s World Cup Qualification Journey: Reports on the Saudi national team’s journey to qualify for the 2026 World Cup, noting their position in Group G after Japan secured the top spot. Highlights upcoming crucial matches against Australia and Bahrain in June.
• Forest Fire Fighting Technology: Reports on researchers in Australia developing a golf ball-sized drone equipped with AI and solar panels to detect and extinguish forest fires quickly. This is in response to increasing heatwaves and wildfires.
• Study on Heat and Cardiovascular Health: A study in Australia found a link between cardiovascular disease and hot weather, predicting a significant increase in related deaths and illnesses by 2050 due to climate change.

33. AlUla’s Date Season:

• Highlights AlUla’s significant date production, with over 3.1 million palm trees across 16,579.40 hectares.
• Annual production reaches over 116,000 tons of various date varieties.
• The date production season is a significant economic activity in AlUla.
• AlUla’s dates are in high demand locally and internationally and are stored in specialized refrigerators to maintain quality and year-round availability.
• The AlUla date market witnesses increased demand during the season.

Conclusion:

These excerpts from “Al Riyadh” provide a snapshot of significant developments and ongoing efforts in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Riyadh, as the Kingdom progresses towards its Vision 2030 goals. The focus on real estate regulation and development, coupled with initiatives to enhance tourism and citizen well-being, underscores the leadership’s commitment to creating a thriving and sustainable future. The inclusion of international comparisons in the housing sector offers valuable context for the Kingdom’s own initiatives. Additionally, the coverage of religious affairs, local traditions, health, and sports demonstrates the newspaper’s broad scope of interest for its readership.

Riyadh Real Estate Initiatives: Goals and Impacts

FAQ Regarding Recent Real Estate and Development Initiatives in Riyadh

1. What are the primary goals of the recent directives issued by the Crown Prince concerning the Riyadh real estate market?

The primary goals are to address challenges facing the real estate market, stabilize prices, ensure the availability of housing for Saudi citizens, develop the housing sector, upgrade real estate services across the Kingdom, and ultimately support the national economy. A key focus is on enabling more Saudis to own homes and improve their quality of life.

2. How will the recent decisions impact the supply and affordability of housing in Riyadh?

The directives include raising the moratorium on land in northern Riyadh, which will open up new areas for development and investment. Crucially, there is a mandate to provide planned residential land at a price not exceeding 1500 SAR per square meter. The aim is to increase the supply of affordable housing options for citizens, particularly young couples and those without prior property ownership.

3. What measures are being taken to regulate the real estate market and protect the rights of all parties involved?

The government is committed to increasing transparency and clarity in the real estate market. Directives have been issued to work on resolving challenges facing the sector, organizing real estate transactions, and preserving the rights of all parties, including citizens, the private sector, and local and foreign investors. This includes accelerating the issuance of amendments to the white land tax system and regulating the relationship between landlords and tenants to achieve a balance of interests.

4. How will the “Riyadh Train” project contribute to the city’s development and tourism?

The Riyadh Train has already shown a significant positive impact on tourism within the capital, with a survey indicating a 96% increase in visitors after its use. This project enhances Riyadh’s standing as a major project in line with Vision 2030, developing infrastructure, boosting tourism, and striving to transform the Kingdom into a leading global tourist destination with comprehensive offerings.

5. What is the significance of the Crown Prince’s emphasis on the citizen in the context of Vision 2030 and these real estate initiatives?

The Crown Prince has explicitly stated that the citizen is the cornerstone and ultimate goal of Vision 2030. The recent real estate initiatives directly reflect this priority by aiming to improve citizens’ living standards, provide them with affordable housing, and enhance their overall well-being. The focus is on creating a more prosperous and easier life for Saudi citizens and making them active participants in the Kingdom’s development journey.

6. How will these real estate developments and regulations contribute to the broader national economy?

The real estate sector is considered a fundamental pillar in building the Kingdom’s future and supporting the national economy. The new measures are expected to stimulate growth by increasing construction activity, creating new job opportunities (potentially thousands), attracting more investments, and boosting spending and consumption in other related sectors. A stable and attractive real estate market is seen as crucial for overall economic prosperity.

7. What is the role of the Royal Commission for Riyadh City in implementing these new directives?

The Royal Commission for Riyadh City has been tasked with several key responsibilities, including working to provide planned residential land at the specified price, lifting the moratorium on land in northern Riyadh, and studying the real estate sector to inform these initiatives. They are central to the planning, implementation, and monitoring of these new real estate policies in the capital.

8. What are some of the expected long-term outcomes of these initiatives for the city of Riyadh?

The long-term outcomes are expected to include a more balanced real estate market with increased supply and stable prices, enhanced housing affordability for citizens, an improved quality of life in the capital, the transformation of Riyadh into a globally competitive and attractive hub for living, working, and investing, and a strengthened national economy supported by a thriving real estate sector.

Riyadh Real Estate Regulation: Supply, Prices, and Vision 2030

The sources extensively discuss the regulation of the real estate market in Saudi Arabia, particularly focusing on initiatives and directives related to Riyadh. The primary goals of this regulation are to address challenges facing the market, stabilize prices, increase the supply of suitable housing at affordable prices, combat monopolies, and ultimately improve the quality of life for citizens and residents. These efforts are closely linked to achieving the objectives of Vision 2030 and strengthening the national economy.

Several key regulatory measures and focus areas are highlighted in the sources:

• Lifting Suspensions on Land Transactions: A significant action involves lifting the suspension on the disposal of land (including sale, purchase, division, and issuance of building permits) in several areas of northern Riyadh. This decision, following thorough urban planning studies, aims to increase the supply of developed residential land and meet the growing demand for housing. The total area where the suspension has been lifted in Riyadh is 81.48 square kilometers.
• White Land Tax System Amendments: The government is actively working on amending the White Land Tax system. The purpose of these amendments is to stimulate the development of vacant land, reduce speculation, combat monopolies, and increase the supply of developed land, ultimately making housing more accessible and affordable for citizens. These amendments are expected to be issued within 60 days.
• Regulation of the Rental Market: Recognizing the importance of a balanced rental market, there is a directive to regulate the relationship between landlords and tenants in both residential and commercial sectors. This includes developing unified lease contracts that preserve the rights of all parties, enhance the attractiveness of the rental sector for investment, and contribute to market stability. Proposed amendments to rental regulations are expected within 90 days.
• Price Monitoring and Control: The sources indicate a focus on monitoring and controlling increases in real estate prices. The General Real Estate Authority, in cooperation with the Royal Commission for Riyadh City, will be responsible for monitoring prices in the capital and submitting periodic reports to the Council of Ministers. The Minister of Economy and Planning mentioned a price ceiling of 1500 riyals per square meter for residential land in Riyadh, aiming to boost the housing supply and enhance citizens’ well-being.
• Streamlining Procedures and Enhancing Transparency: The government aims to provide effective and quick solutions to the challenges in the real estate sector. This involves streamlining regulatory procedures and enhancing transparency in the market. A platform is being launched to receive and process requests for residential land.
• Coordination and Collaboration: The implementation of these regulatory measures involves coordination among various relevant authorities, including the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing, the General Real Estate Authority, and the Royal Commission for Riyadh City. This collaborative approach aims to ensure the effective development and monitoring of the real estate market.

The expected outcomes of these regulatory efforts are multi-faceted:

• Increased Housing Supply: Lifting land suspensions and incentivizing the development of vacant land through the amended White Land Tax system are expected to significantly increase the supply of residential units.
• Price Stability and Affordability: By monitoring prices, setting price ceilings, and increasing supply, the government aims to stabilize real estate prices and make housing more affordable for citizens and residents.
• Enhanced Investment and Economic Growth: A well-regulated and attractive real estate market is expected to draw more investments, both domestic and international, contributing to the growth of the national economy.
• Improved Quality of Life: Access to suitable and affordable housing is a key factor in improving the quality of life for citizens and achieving social stability.
• Empowerment of Saudi Youth: Organizing the real estate market is also seen as a way to empower Saudi youth.
• Balanced Market Dynamics: The regulatory measures aim to achieve a better balance between supply and demand in the real estate market.

In conclusion, the Saudi government is undertaking significant regulatory reforms in the real estate market, particularly in Riyadh, with a comprehensive vision to create a stable, transparent, and accessible market that serves the needs of its citizens and contributes to the nation’s overall development goals. The focus is on increasing supply, controlling prices, and ensuring a fair and sustainable real estate sector.

Riyadh Urban Development: Vision 2030 and Land Initiatives

Drawing on the sources and our previous discussion about real estate market regulation, several key aspects of Riyadh development projects emerge. These projects are central to the Kingdom’s broader Vision 2030 and are closely intertwined with the regulatory efforts we previously discussed, aiming to transform Riyadh into a leading global city and a thriving economic hub.

A significant development is the lifting of suspensions on land disposal in several areas of northern Riyadh. This move, which followed thorough urban planning studies conducted by the Royal Commission for Riyadh City, is a key project aimed at accelerating urban expansion, meeting the needs of a growing population, and boosting Riyadh’s standing as a modern global capital. The lifted suspensions cover a substantial area of 81.48 square kilometers in total. This initiative is expected to open up vast opportunities for real estate developers to commence projects that will provide thousands of diverse residential units, contributing to sustainable and balanced urban development in the capital.

The overarching goal of these development projects aligns with the ambition to transform Riyadh into a pioneering global city that offers a comfortable and sustainable living environment. This includes providing suitable housing and improving the quality of life for Saudi citizens. The focus is on creating a city that attracts talent and investment, thereby strengthening the national economy.

Furthermore, these real estate development projects in Riyadh are not isolated endeavors but rather contribute to broader infrastructure development. Investments in the real estate sector drive growth in related industries such as construction, building materials, engineering, finance, and services. The development of modern cities like Riyadh, with innovative architectural designs that blend tradition and modernity, also serves to reflect the cultural and historical identity of the Kingdom.

The directives from His Royal Highness the Crown Prince regarding the real estate market, including the lifting of land suspensions, underscore the leadership’s commitment to providing effective and rapid solutions to the challenges in the housing sector and achieving stability in the real estate market. These actions are designed to enhance the supply of real estate to meet the needs of citizens and residents.

In summary, Riyadh development projects, particularly the lifting of land suspensions in the north, represent a concrete step towards realizing the goals of Vision 2030 and transforming Riyadh into a leading global city. These projects are closely linked to the regulatory efforts aimed at stabilizing the real estate market, increasing the supply of housing, and improving the overall quality of life in the capital, while also serving as a catalyst for economic growth and reflecting the Kingdom’s modern identity.

Saudi Arabia Housing Market Challenges and Government Initiatives

Drawing on the sources and our previous discussions, the housing market in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Riyadh, faces several significant challenges that the government is actively trying to address through various regulatory and developmental initiatives.

One of the most prominent challenges is the high cost of housing and real estate prices. This issue is explicitly mentioned as a key concern that the directives from the Crown Prince aim to address. The government recognizes the need to stabilize prices and provide more affordable housing options for citizens and residents. The Minister of Economy and Planning even mentioned a price ceiling of 1500 riyals per square meter for residential land in Riyadh as a measure to combat high costs.

Another significant challenge is the limited supply of suitable housing. This undersupply contributes to the high prices and makes it difficult for individuals, especially young people and those with limited incomes, to find adequate housing. The decision to lift suspensions on land disposal in northern Riyadh is a direct response to this challenge, aiming to increase the supply of developed residential land and meet the growing demand. Amendments to the White Land Tax system are also intended to stimulate the development of vacant land and further increase the housing supply.

Affordability of homeownership is a crucial challenge linked to both high prices and limited supply. The government’s efforts are geared towards providing effective and quick solutions to address the challenges of affordability. The goal is to ensure that citizens, especially youth and low-income families, have access to suitable housing options at prices they can afford. The Vision 2030 target of raising the rate of homeownership for Saudi families to 70% by 2030 underscores the importance of tackling this affordability challenge.

The sources also allude to issues related to market balance and regulation. There’s a recognized need to achieve balance in the real estate sector between supply and demand. This includes regulating the relationship between landlords and tenants to ensure a fair and stable rental market. Furthermore, there’s a focus on combating monopolies and speculation in the real estate market, which can artificially inflate prices and limit supply. The government’s emphasis on monitoring and controlling increases in real estate prices and streamlining regulatory procedures reflects the commitment to creating a more balanced and transparent market.

Looking beyond the immediate Saudi context, one article highlights that a housing shortage is a global crisis, with the number of houses built lagging behind population growth. This puts the Saudi challenges within a broader international perspective, where issues like unaffordable housing are prevalent in many developed nations.

In summary, the key housing market challenges in Saudi Arabia, particularly Riyadh, as indicated by the sources, are:

• High real estate prices and the overall cost of housing.
• Limited supply of suitable and developed residential land.
• Challenges related to the affordability of homeownership for citizens.
• The need to achieve better balance between supply and demand in the market.
• The necessity for effective regulation to address issues like speculation and ensure fairness in the rental market.

The government’s current initiatives, including lifting land suspensions, amending the White Land Tax, regulating the rental market, and monitoring prices, are all aimed at tackling these interconnected challenges and fostering a more stable, affordable, and accessible housing market in line with the goals of Vision 2030.

Saudi Arabia: Economic Growth Initiatives and Vision 2030

Drawing on the sources and our conversation history, the Saudi Arabian government is actively supporting economic growth through various initiatives, particularly within the real estate sector and related areas. These efforts are closely aligned with the goals of Vision 2030 and aim to diversify the economy, attract investment, create jobs, and improve the overall quality of life.

The sources emphasize that the real estate sector plays a vital role in supporting the national economy and increasing the gross domestic product. This is achieved through attracting substantial investments from both the public and private sectors. This investment not only fuels the real estate development itself but also has a ripple effect on numerous related industries, such as construction, building materials manufacturing, engineering, finance, services, and even the furniture and home goods sectors. The growth in these interconnected sectors contributes to the national economy in a comprehensive manner.

The lifting of suspensions on land disposal in northern Riyadh is a significant initiative that directly supports economic growth by opening up opportunities for real estate developers. This is expected to stimulate the real estate market, ensuring its continued recovery and the continuation of housing projects. A vibrant real estate sector attracts investment and creates business opportunities. Furthermore, the development of infrastructure to support these real estate projects also contributes to economic progress.

The government’s focus on regulating the real estate market is another way it supports economic growth. By aiming for price stability and making the market attractive for real estate development companies, the government seeks to ensure the continued recovery of the market. A stable and well-regulated market fosters investor confidence, encouraging further investment and economic activity. The measures to combat monopolies and increase transparency in the real estate sector also contribute to a healthier and more competitive economic environment.

The amendments to the White Land Tax system are intended to stimulate land development, which in turn increases the supply of developed land and can lead to more construction activity and economic benefits. Similarly, the efforts to regulate the rental market are expected to enhance the attractiveness of the sector for investment, further supporting economic growth.

Beyond the real estate sector, the sources also touch upon the importance of supporting technological entrepreneurship. This is seen as crucial for serving industries experiencing rapid growth in the Kingdom, particularly in cinematic production, creative, artistic, and dramatic fields. By fostering a new generation of technological entrepreneurs, the government aims to provide innovative solutions, attract young talent, and create rewarding job opportunities, all of which are vital for sustainable economic growth. Empowering women through opportunities in technological entrepreneurship is also highlighted as a contributor to the national economy.

Furthermore, large-scale projects like NEOM and the Red Sea Project are explicitly mentioned as contributing to the Kingdom’s ambitious vision and attracting global investments, which are significant drivers of economic diversification and growth.

In summary, the Saudi Arabian government actively supports economic growth through:

• Direct investment and initiatives in the real estate sector, recognizing its significant contribution to GDP and job creation.
• Regulatory measures aimed at stabilizing the real estate market, attracting investment, and fostering a competitive environment.
• Lifting land suspensions to stimulate development and create opportunities for developers.
• Efforts to increase the supply of housing and improve affordability, which indirectly support economic stability and consumer spending.
• Supporting technological entrepreneurship and innovation across various sectors.
• Undertaking mega-projects that attract international investment and contribute to economic diversification.

These interconnected strategies demonstrate a comprehensive approach to fostering sustainable economic growth in Saudi Arabia, aligned with the objectives of Vision 2030.

Saudi Vision 2030: Real Estate, Economy, and Quality of Life

Drawing on the sources and our conversation history, several key initiatives related to Saudi Vision 2030 are evident, particularly focusing on the real estate sector, economic diversification, and improving the quality of life for citizens.

Real Estate and Housing Initiatives:

• A core initiative is the large-scale development and regulation of the real estate market, especially in Riyadh. The goal is to address challenges in the housing sector, ensure price stability, increase the supply of suitable housing, and enhance affordability for Saudi citizens.
• The lifting of suspensions on land disposal in northern Riyadh is a concrete initiative aimed at accelerating urban expansion and providing new opportunities for real estate development. This directly supports the Vision 2030 objective of transforming Riyadh into a leading global city.
• Setting a price ceiling of 1500 riyals per square meter for residential land in Riyadh is a specific measure to control the cost of housing and improve affordability, aligning with the Vision’s goal of enhancing citizen well-being.
• Amendments to the White Land Tax system are intended to stimulate the development of vacant land, increasing the supply of housing and contributing to the Vision’s housing goals.
• Efforts to regulate the rental market aim to create a more stable and attractive environment for both landlords and tenants, contributing to the overall quality of life, a key aspect of Vision 2030.
• The target of raising the rate of homeownership for Saudi families to 70% by 2030 is a clearly stated Vision 2030 goal that drives many of the housing-related initiatives.

Economic Diversification Initiatives:

• Vision 2030 emphasizes the importance of diversifying the national economy and reducing reliance on traditional sectors. The development of the real estate sector itself is seen as a key contributor to this diversification by attracting investments and stimulating related industries.
• Supporting technological entrepreneurship is another crucial initiative aligned with Vision 2030’s aim to build a knowledge-based and innovative economy. This includes fostering a supportive environment for startups, attracting talent, and creating new job opportunities in emerging sectors.
• Large-scale projects such as NEOM and the Red Sea Project (mentioned in our previous discussion, although not explicitly in this source) are flagship Vision 2030 initiatives aimed at attracting global investments and diversifying the economy.
• Developing Riyadh into a global hub for tourism is another Vision 2030 objective, supported by projects like the Riyadh Metro, which aims to improve the tourist experience.

Quality of Life Improvement Initiatives:

• Many of the real estate and infrastructure development projects in Riyadh directly contribute to improving the quality of life for residents by providing better housing options, transportation infrastructure (like the Riyadh Metro), and overall urban environment.
• The focus on transparency and clarity in the real estate market aims to build trust and protect the interests of citizens and investors, contributing to a more stable and positive living environment.
• Efforts to redevelop informal settlements in Makkah are also in line with Vision 2030’s goal of improving the quality of life and public services for all citizens and visitors.
• Enhancing the experience of pilgrims and visitors to Makkah and Madinah through initiatives like the Third Saudi Expansion of the Grand Mosque and improvements to services and infrastructure are key to Vision 2030’s aim to promote Saudi Arabia’s cultural and Islamic heritage.

Citizen-Centric Approach:

• Vision 2030 places a strong emphasis on the citizen as the central pillar of development. Initiatives across various sectors are designed with the well-being and needs of Saudi citizens as the top priority. The real estate initiatives, for instance, are explicitly aimed at fulfilling the housing needs of citizens and improving their living standards.

In summary, the sources highlight numerous interconnected initiatives driven by Vision 2030, with a strong focus on transforming the real estate landscape, diversifying the economy through innovation and strategic projects, and significantly enhancing the quality of life for all citizens and visitors in Saudi Arabia. These initiatives are characterized by ambitious goals, clear targets, and a commitment to addressing existing challenges through comprehensive strategies and regulatory frameworks.

Main Headings

• رؤية متكاملة لتنظيم سوق العقار An integrated vision for regulating the real estate market
• قرارات ولي العهد التاريخية تحقق أحلام سكان الرياض . العقار.. صياغة جديدة لتعزيز الهوية وصناعة الحضارة The Crown Prince’s historic decisions fulfill the dreams of Riyadh residents. Real estate: A new formulation to strengthen identity and build civilization.
• مساحات جديدة تواكب النمو السكاني وإطلاق منصة لتلقي طلبات شراء الأراضي. New spaces to keep pace with population growth and launch a platform to receive land purchase applications.
• توجيهات ولي العهد تعالج تحديات السوق العقاري.. وتضمن استقرار الأسعار The Crown Prince’s directives address real estate market challenges and ensure price stability.
• المملكة في طريقها لتوازن السوق العقاري. تستعرض أبرز التجارب الدولية في حل أزمة الإسكان. The Kingdom is on its way to balancing its real estate market. It reviews the most prominent international experiences in resolving the housing crisis.

And the fourth time in a row…
Officially… Paris Saint-Germain is the French league champion for the 13th time in its history.

Paris Saint-Germain won the French Ligue 1 title for the fourth consecutive time and the thirteenth time in its history, with six games to spare, after defeating Angers 1-0 at the Parc des Princes on Saturday in the twenty-eighth round. Youngster Desiree Douet scored the winning goal in the 55th minute, sealing PSG’s 23rd unbeaten season.

Riyadh Metro improves tourist experience in the capital

A recent survey revealed a 96% increase in visitors to tourist attractions after using the Riyadh Metro. This comes as part of its efforts to highlight the Kingdom’s achievements in the tourism sector. The survey was conducted by the Saudi Tourism Media Association via its X platform account, with the aim of measuring the impact of the Riyadh Metro on the experience of tourists and visitors within the city. The results reflect a positive image that reinforces the project’s position as one of the key pillars of Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to develop infrastructure and promote sustainable tourism.

88% of those surveyed confirmed that the Riyadh Metro contributed to improving the tourist experience within the city.

83% believed that the train facilitated their movement between tourist attractions and various sites. 96% of those who participated in the survey confirmed that the Riyadh Metro contributed to increasing the number of visitors to tourist attractions.

Sixty-five percent of respondents affirmed that the greatest impact of the train was cost savings, while 35% considered facilitating transportation to be the most prominent advantage. These results reflect the success of the Riyadh Metro in achieving its goals as a modern and sustainable means of transportation, providing visitors with a more comfortable and efficient experience, and contributing to alleviating traffic congestion and reducing transportation costs. The survey also emphasizes the role of modern infrastructure in enhancing tourism attraction, in line with the goals of Vision 2030, which seeks to transform the Kingdom into a global tourism destination with integrated components.

The Saudi Tourism Media Association continues to highlight national efforts to develop the tourism sector by monitoring experiences and projects that enhance the Kingdom’s position as a global tourism destination, supported by modern transportation that contributes to providing a distinguished visitor experience and efforts to restore the relationship between the city and its residents.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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Al Riyadh newspaper on Thursday, April 3, 2025, covers a range of topics. A primary focus is on Saudi Arabia’s internal affairs, including Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s directives aimed at balancing the real estate sector and initiatives celebrating Eid al-Fitr across various regions with community events and charitable drives. The publication also reports on regional issues, such as Israel’s actions in Gaza and the West Bank, condemnation from Saudi Arabia, and Lebanese-Saudi efforts to restore trust. Internationally, the paper examines the potential impact of US trade policies on tourism and the stabilization of oil prices amid geopolitical tensions and production adjustments. Furthermore, it details Saudi Arabia’s development of “The Footsteps of the Prophet” trail in Medina, aiming to enrich religious tourism. Finally, updates on local Eid festivities and the temporary free parking initiative in central Buraydah are provided.

Study Guide: Analysis of “20731.pdf”

This study guide is designed to help you review the key information and concepts presented in the provided excerpts from the Arabic newspaper “Al Riyadh” (issue 20731, dated Thursday, April 3, 2025).

I. Quiz

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

1. According to the article, what is the main goal of the Crown Prince’s directives regarding the real estate sector in Riyadh?
2. What did the Lebanese President Michel Aoun emphasize regarding relations with Arab countries, particularly Saudi Arabia?
3. According to the analysis by Dr. Khaled Ramadan, what is a significant threat to American tourism in 2025 and why?
4. What military action did Israel announce expanding in Gaza, according to the news report?
5. What did the Houthi group report regarding an American airstrike in the Al Hudaydah governorate of Yemen?
6. What initiative did the Saudi administration of the Eastern Province Health Cluster launch, and what is its purpose?
7. What temporary decision did the Al-Qassim region’s municipality make regarding parking in central Buraidah, and what was the rationale behind it?
8. What is the “Prophet’s Migration Trail” project in Medina, and what is its significance according to the article?
9. What caused the stabilization of oil prices near their highest level in over a month, as mentioned in the economic news?
10. According to the “Jenaayat Al-Layali Al-Arabiyyah” (The Crime of the Arabian Nights) article, what is one of the negative ways the “Arabian Nights” has been historically viewed in the West?

II. Answer Key to Quiz

1. The main goal of the Crown Prince’s directives regarding the real estate sector in Riyadh is to regulate land prices and address the concerns of citizens, ultimately aiming to increase Saudi families’ homeownership in line with Vision 2030’s objectives for improved quality of life and social stability.
2. Lebanese President Michel Aoun emphasized the importance of Lebanon taking necessary measures to restore trust with Arab countries, especially Saudi Arabia, highlighting the Arab world as an economic lifeline for Lebanon and discussing efforts to lift export bans.
3. A significant threat to American tourism in 2025 is the expansion of the trade war, stemming from the re-election of Trump and subsequent changes in international relations and potential new tariffs, which are expected to decrease international travel to the United States.
4. Israel announced the expansion of its military operation in Gaza, with the intention of gaining control over wider areas of the sector, bordering Israeli security zones, amidst ongoing air and ground attacks.
5. The Houthi group reported that an American airstrike targeted a water institution in the Al Hudaydah governorate, resulting in casualties and damage to the building, claiming the victims were civilian workers.
6. The Saudi administration of the Eastern Province Health Cluster launched the “Eidna Antum” (Our Eid is You) initiative to bring joy to orphans and patients in hospitals and health centers during Eid al-Fitr by distributing gifts and organizing festive events.
7. The Al-Qassim region’s municipality decided to temporarily make parking in central Buraidah free, replacing the investor in managing the parking, aiming to stimulate commercial and economic activity, especially during Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr.
8. The “Prophet’s Migration Trail” project in Medina is a development project that traces the historical route of the Prophet Muhammad’s migration, encompassing 41 historical landmarks over 470 kilometers between Mecca and Medina, aiming to enrich the religious and cultural experience of visitors.
9. The stabilization of oil prices near their highest level was influenced by concerns over escalating geopolitical tensions, particularly President Trump’s threats against Iran, and uncertainty surrounding talks between Russia and Ukraine regarding oil production.
10. According to the article, the “Arabian Nights” has been historically viewed in the West as perpetuating negative stereotypes of Arabs, including associating them with backwardness, the desert, terrorism, and deceitfulness, and was even used to justify colonial expansion.

III. Essay Format Questions

Consider the following questions for essay format responses. Each question encourages a more in-depth analysis of the provided source material.

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of domestic policy (real estate regulation in Saudi Arabia), regional relations (Lebanon and Arab states), and international events (US trade policy and tourism) as presented in the news excerpts. How do these seemingly disparate issues relate to broader socio-economic and political landscapes?
2. Discuss the various conflicts and tensions highlighted in the excerpts, including the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in Gaza, the situation in Yemen, and the potential for escalation in the Russia-Ukraine war. What are the stated causes and potential consequences of these conflicts as depicted in the news?
3. Evaluate the significance of cultural and social initiatives reported in the excerpts, such as the “Eidna Antum” initiative and the “Prophet’s Migration Trail” project, within the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. How do these projects contribute to the broader goals of the vision?
4. Critically assess the analysis of American tourism in the face of potential trade wars and shifting international perceptions. What are the key factors contributing to the predicted decline, and what are the potential economic ramifications for the United States?
5. Explore the arguments presented in the article “Jenaayat Al-Layali Al-Arabiyyah” regarding the historical and cultural impact of the “Arabian Nights” in the West. How does the author frame the legacy of this work, and what are the implications of this perspective?

IV. Glossary of Key Terms

• ولي العهد (Wali al-‘Ahd): Crown Prince. The designated successor to the throne.
• رؤية السعودية 2030 (Ru’yah al-Sa’udiyyah 2030): Saudi Vision 2030. A strategic framework launched to reduce Saudi Arabia’s dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• التضخم (Al-Tadakhum): Inflation. A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
• الإقليمي والدولي (Al-Iqlimi wal-Duwali): Regional and International. Relating to the immediate surrounding area and the broader global context.
• التسوية والاستغلال (Al-Taswiyah wal-Isti’ghlal): Manipulation and Exploitation. Actions taken unfairly for one’s own benefit.
• عيد الفطر (Eid al-Fitr): The Festival of Breaking the Fast. A religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of the month-long dawn-to-sunset fasting of Ramadan.
• التراث السعودي والهوية الوطنية (Al-Turath al-Sa’udi wal-Hawiyyah al-Wataniyyah): Saudi Heritage and National Identity. The cultural legacy and sense of belonging to the Saudi nation.
• الحوثيين (Al-Huthiyyin): The Houthis. A Zaidi Shia Muslim political and military movement that emerged in Yemen.
• الرئيس الأميركي (Al-Ra’is al-Amriki): The American President. The head of state and government of the United States.
• الرسوم الجمركية (Al-Rusum al-Jamrukiyya): Customs Duties/Tariffs. Taxes imposed on goods when transported across international borders.
• الناتج المحلي الإجمالي (Al- الناتج المحلي الإجمالي): Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
• جائحة كوفيد-19 (Ja’ihat Covid-19): The Covid-19 Pandemic. The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.
• الاحتياطي الفيدرالي (Al-Ihtiyati al-Federali): The Federal Reserve. The central banking system of the United States.
• سندات الخزانة الأميركية (Sanadat al-Khizanah al-Amrikiyyah): U.S. Treasury Bonds. Debt securities issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to finance the federal government’s spending.
• المستوطنين (Al-Mustawtinin): Settlers. Often used in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to refer to Israeli civilians living in settlements in the West Bank and other occupied territories.
• الأونروا (Al-Unrwa): UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East). A UN agency that supports Palestinian refugees.
• الضفة الغربية (Al-Diffah al-Gharbiyyah): The West Bank. A landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, the bulk of which is under Israeli occupation.
• الكومنولث (Al-Kumanwilth): The Commonwealth. A political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire.
• منظمة التعاون الإسلامي (Munazzamat al-Ta’awun al-Islami): The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). An international organization founded in 1969 consisting of 57 member states, with a collective voice of the Muslim world.
• وكالة التنمية الأميركية الدولية (Wakalat al-Tanmiyah al-Amrikiyyah al-Duwaliyyah): USAID (United States Agency for International Development). An independent agency of the U.S. federal government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.
• دييغو غارسيا (Diego Garcia): A strategically important atoll in the central Indian Ocean, part of the British Indian Ocean Territory, which hosts a major U.S. military facility.
• أوبك+ (OPEC+): A group of oil-producing countries comprising the 13 OPEC members and several non-OPEC countries, including Russia.
• الذهب الفوري (Al-Dhahab al-Fawri): Spot Gold. The price of gold for immediate delivery.
• الأونصة (Al-Awnsah): Ounce. A unit of weight.
• موسم جدة (Mawsim Jeddah): Jeddah Season. An annual arts, culture, and entertainment festival held in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
• مجمع الملك سلمان العالمي للغة العربية (Mujamma’ al-Malik Salman al-‘Alami lil-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah): The King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language. A Saudi academy dedicated to promoting and developing the Arabic language.
• هيئة التراث (Hay’at al-Turath): The Heritage Commission. A Saudi government entity responsible for preserving and promoting the Kingdom’s cultural heritage.
• بنو قادس (Banu Qadis): Qadisiyah (referring to the Al-Qadsiah FC football club).
• ديربي (Dirbi): Derby. A sports match between two rival teams from the same city or region.
• روشن (Roshen): Referring to the Roshn Saudi League, the top-level football league in Saudi Arabia, named after its sponsor.
• قمة نيوم (Qimmat Neom): The Neom Summit (referring to a football match involving Neom FC).
• وهم الثراء السريع (Wahm al-Thara’ al-Sari’): The Illusion of Quick Wealth. The belief that one can become rich quickly with little effort, often through unconventional or high-risk means.
• التحيز التأكيدي (Al-Tahayyuz al-Ta’kidi): Confirmation Bias. The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs or hypotheses.
• وهم السيطرة (Wahm al-Saytarah): Illusion of Control. The tendency for people to overestimate their ability to control events, especially chance events.
• الليالي العربية (Al-Layali al-‘Arabiyyah): The Arabian Nights/One Thousand and One Nights. A collection of West Asian and North African folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age.
• الاستشراق (Al-Istishraq): Orientalism. The study of Near and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, and peoples by Western scholars; often associated with prejudiced and stereotypical views.

Global Affairs: Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, US Tourism, Gaza, USAID

Q1: What are the main objectives of the Saudi Vision 2030 regarding the real estate sector, as indicated by the Crown Prince’s directives?

The directives of the Crown Prince aim to regulate and balance the real estate sector, particularly in Riyadh, by controlling rising land prices. This is a key part of the broader Saudi Vision 2030 goals, which prioritize enabling citizens, building a vibrant society, fostering a prosperous economy, and establishing an ambitious nation. The focus is on making homeownership more accessible to Saudi families and improving their quality of life and social stability.

Q2: How is Lebanon attempting to restore confidence with Arab nations, particularly Saudi Arabia, concerning its exports?

Lebanon is undertaking necessary measures to rebuild trust with Arab countries, with Saudi Arabia being a primary focus. President Aoun emphasized efforts to fundamentally address the issue of declining Lebanese exports, especially fruits and vegetables. He noted that discussions during his visit to Saudi Arabia regarding lifting the ban on Lebanese exports received a positive response. Lebanon is stressing the importance of implementing procedures that facilitate this and restore confidence, recognizing the Arab world, especially Saudi Arabia, as an economic lifeline.

Q3: What potential threats does the expansion of trade wars pose to the American tourism industry, according to the analysis provided?

The expansion of trade wars, particularly due to the re-election of Trump and subsequent shifts in international attitudes, poses significant threats to American tourism. There is an anticipated decrease in inbound travel to the United States, potentially leading to a $18 billion annual drop in tourism spending in 2025. This decline is linked to a less welcoming international perception, exacerbated by rhetoric and policies viewed as hostile to foreigners and immigrants. Increased tariffs and trade tensions are also causing travelers from key markets like Canada to cancel trips and seek alternative destinations, jeopardizing jobs within the American hospitality sector.

Q4: What is the current situation in Gaza, as reported in the provided text?

The situation in Gaza is dire, marked by an escalation of Israeli military operations, including the expansion of ground operations and air strikes targeting various parts of the Strip. This has led to numerous Palestinian casualties and injuries. Basic necessities are severely lacking, with bakeries in southern Gaza closing due to fuel and supply shortages, raising fears of a new phase of famine. International bodies are condemning the Israeli campaign of starvation against civilians. Since the renewed offensive, over a thousand Palestinians have been killed, many of whom are children, and thousands more have been injured.

Q5: What initiatives were undertaken in Saudi Arabia to celebrate Eid al-Fitr in 2025, as highlighted in the text?

Several initiatives were launched across Saudi Arabia to celebrate Eid al-Fitr in 2025. In the Eastern Province, the “Our Eid is You” initiative by the Saudi Health Administration aimed to bring joy to orphans, the elderly, and patients in hospitals through visits, gifts, and various festive activities. In the Qassim region, celebrations included traditional food, heritage games at “Khadra’a Buraidah,” and efforts by the Buraidah municipality to beautify parks and squares. The Tabuk desert witnessed traditional Bedouin customs, emphasizing community and solidarity. The Jeddah Governorate also organized two-day Eid festivities featuring artistic installations and celebratory lighting.

Q6: What was the temporary initiative regarding parking fees in central Buraidah, and what was the rationale behind it?

The Buraidah Municipality temporarily suspended parking fees in central Buraidah. This decision aimed to boost commercial activity and alleviate financial burdens on shoppers and merchants during Ramadan and in anticipation of the Eid al-Fitr rush. The municipality emphasized that this step was part of ongoing efforts to improve services and enhance the experience of parking users according to the highest standards, while also reorganizing and developing the parking project.

Q7: What is the “Steps on the Prophet’s Path and the Experience of the Prophetic Migration” project, and what are its objectives?

The “Steps on the Prophet’s Path and the Experience of the Prophetic Migration” project focuses on developing the region of Medina and the governorates under its jurisdiction by highlighting the historical route of the Prophet Muhammad’s migration. The project aims to enrich the experience of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims by developing and activating numerous historical and cultural sites along the 470-kilometer route between Mecca and Medina. It includes 41 historical landmarks, five sites related to the migration story, and the “Museum of the Migration Region.” The project is expected to accommodate 12,000 visitors daily with various facilities, offering a unique opportunity to trace the Prophet’s journey and reflect on the profound spiritual impact of the Hijra.

Q8: What are the key concerns and potential consequences of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) restructuring, as mentioned in the text?

The restructuring of USAID involves a significant reduction in its workforce, including locally employed foreign nationals, American diplomats, and civil service staff, as part of an effort to align its operations with the “America First” policy. This move is raising concerns about the agency’s ability to continue its humanitarian aid and development programs effectively in over 60 countries. There are fears that the elimination of a substantial portion of its workforce will hinder its capacity to address global challenges and provide necessary assistance, particularly in regions like Ukraine, the West Bank, and Gaza.

Crown Prince’s Directives: Balancing Saudi Real Estate

Your query asks to discuss the directives of the Crown Prince. Based on the sources, the directives of the Crown Prince, specifically those related to the real estate sector, are aimed at enhancing balance within the sector.

The sources emphasize the wisdom and deep-rooted governance of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman behind these decisions. These directives are described as embodying courage and an enlightened will to address issues decisively at their core.

Several reasons and the philosophical underpinnings for these directives are highlighted:

• They are seen as a wise philosophy that rebalances the relationship between supply and demand in the market.
• These directives aim to curb monopolies and exploitative practices, opening the way for more rational and sound planning.
• The importance of these directives is evident in the statements of ministers and their impact on alleviating the suffering of Saudi families and improving their quality of life.
• It is anticipated that these directives will contribute to redirecting spending towards more diverse and productive sectors, thereby boosting consumption rates and growth in various areas.

The expected positive outcomes and the government’s approach to ensuring the success of these directives include:

• Working towards reducing the gap between supply and demand in the real estate market.
• Efforts to promote balance in the real estate sector, ensuring stability for investors and developers, and achieving the Kingdom’s economic and developmental goals.
• The government is committed to the ongoing implementation of comprehensive financial reforms for the real estate sector, enhancing citizens’ ability to own their homes and supporting a balanced and sustainable real estate sector.
• The Real Estate General Authority’s CEO stated that the authority will work on implementing studied mechanisms aligned with the reality of the Saudi market to achieve balance among all parties and enhance the stability of the real estate market.
• In Riyadh, the directives of the leadership aim to enhance the balance between supply and demand in the real estate sector.
• The documentation of the rental relationship will extend beyond legal aspects to include pricing controls aimed at limiting price disputes, renewal procedures, and related regulations.
• The government is not only issuing decisions but also monitoring and activating its tools to address any attempts to manipulate this regulatory step and undermine the vision set by the state.

Furthermore, the official spokesperson for the Real Estate General Authority cautioned against exploiting the new regulations that the real estate market, particularly in Riyadh, is witnessing.

Saudi Real Estate Reform: Balancing Growth and Stability

Based on the sources, the real estate sector in the Kingdom is undergoing significant attention and reform, particularly guided by the directives of the Crown Prince aimed at enhancing balance within the sector.

The government’s focus is on creating a balanced and sustainable real estate sector. This involves several key efforts:

• Addressing the imbalance between supply and demand in the real estate market. The Crown Prince’s directives are specifically intended to rebalance the market, moving away from monopolies and exploitative practices towards more rational planning.
• Implementing comprehensive financial reforms for the real estate sector to enhance citizens’ ability to own homes.
• Ensuring stability for investors and developers in the real estate market.
• Achieving the Kingdom’s economic and developmental goals through a thriving real estate sector.

The Real Estate General Authority plays a crucial role in executing these directives. The CEO emphasized that the authority will implement studied mechanisms aligned with the reality of the Saudi market to achieve balance among all stakeholders and enhance market stability. In Riyadh, the leadership’s directives are specifically focused on enhancing the balance between supply and demand in the real estate sector.

Furthermore, the documentation of rental relationships is being expanded beyond mere legal aspects to include pricing controls aimed at limiting price disputes, as well as regulations for renewal procedures.

Minister Al-Jadaan highlighted that these steps are part of broader government efforts to promote balance in the real estate sector, ensuring market sustainability and stability for investors and developers. He also affirmed the government’s commitment to ongoing comprehensive financial reforms to build a balanced and sustainable real estate sector that supports citizens’ ability to own homes.

However, the official spokesperson for the Real Estate General Authority cautioned against attempts to manipulate the new regulations being implemented in the real estate market, especially in Riyadh, to undermine the state’s vision. The government is actively monitoring and activating its tools to prevent such exploitation.

The expected positive outcomes of these directives include alleviating the suffering of Saudi families, improving their quality of life, and potentially redirecting their spending towards more diverse and productive sectors, which could boost consumption and growth in various areas.

In summary, the discussion around the real estate sector in the sources centers on the government’s active intervention, guided by the Crown Prince’s directives, to establish a more balanced, sustainable, and equitable market that benefits both citizens and the national economy, while also emphasizing the need for vigilance against any attempts to undermine these efforts.

Saudi Housing Ownership: Reforms and Objectives

Based on the sources and our conversation history, the discussion around housing ownership is a key aspect of the reforms and directives concerning the real estate sector in the Kingdom.

The sources indicate a strong emphasis on enhancing the ability of Saudi citizens to own their homes. This goal is directly supported by the comprehensive financial reforms that the government is continuously implementing for the real estate sector.

The directives of the Crown Prince are central to this effort, aiming to create a balanced and sustainable real estate sector. By addressing the imbalance between supply and demand in the market and curbing monopolies and exploitative practices, these directives are expected to contribute to a more accessible housing market for citizens.

Minister Al-Jadaan specifically affirmed the government’s ongoing implementation of comprehensive financial reforms to bolster the capacity of citizens to own their homes. Similarly, the Real Estate General Authority is working on implementing studied mechanisms aligned with the reality of the Saudi market to achieve balance among all parties and enhance the stability of the real estate market, which indirectly supports the goal of increased housing ownership by creating a more stable and predictable environment.

The anticipated positive outcomes of these initiatives are expected to extend to alleviating the suffering of Saudi families and improving their quality of life, which includes facilitating home ownership. Furthermore, by redirecting spending towards more diverse and productive sectors, the reforms may indirectly support housing ownership by fostering overall economic growth and stability.

In summary, the sources highlight that increasing housing ownership for Saudi citizens is a primary objective of the government’s reforms in the real estate sector. These reforms, guided by the Crown Prince’s directives, encompass financial measures and efforts to create a more balanced and sustainable market, ultimately aiming to make homeownership more attainable for a larger segment of the population.

Kingdom Economic Development Initiatives and Dynamics

Based on the sources and our conversation history, the discussion around economic development encompasses several key themes, including real estate reforms, tourism, oil market dynamics, government initiatives, and broader economic principles.

The real estate sector reforms, driven by the Crown Prince’s directives, are explicitly linked to the Kingdom’s economic and developmental goals. These reforms aim to redirect spending towards more diverse and productive sectors, thereby boosting consumption rates and growth in various areas. The focus on creating a stable environment for investors and developers in the real estate market is also intended to contribute to overall economic growth. Furthermore, enhancing citizens’ ability to own homes can have long-term positive effects on economic stability and individual well-being, which are integral to national development.

The sources also touch upon the potential economic impacts of changes in tourism. A report mentioned the expectation of a decrease in travel to the United States, potentially affecting tourism revenue. Conversely, government initiatives like the development of the “Pilgrim’s Journey on His Steps” project in Medina aim to enrich visitors’ experiences and deepen their understanding of Islamic history, which could boost tourism revenue and contribute to economic diversification. The “Jeddah Season” is also highlighted as a major cultural event aimed at enriching the entertainment experience, likely with the goal of attracting more visitors and stimulating the local economy.

The oil market remains a significant factor in the Kingdom’s economic landscape. The sources discuss the stability of oil, but also highlight the potential for disruption due to geopolitical tensions, particularly involving Russia and Ukraine, as well as threats of tariffs from the United States on major oil importers like Russia and China. Fluctuations in oil prices and supply can have substantial effects on the national revenue and broader economic planning.

Several government initiatives beyond real estate and tourism are mentioned, which contribute to economic development in various ways. These include:

• A program to enhance food safety in Riyadh, which contributes to public health and consumer confidence, potentially impacting related industries.
• Support for local crafts and productive families, aiming to preserve heritage and empower local businesses.
• The King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language launching a program in Spain to promote Arabic language education, which can foster international cooperation and potentially create economic opportunities in related fields.

The discussion around free parking in Buraidah provides a localized example of government intervention with direct economic consequences, both positive (revitalizing commercial activity) and negative (potential loss of investment revenue and challenges with implementation). This illustrates the complexities of economic policy and the need for careful consideration of various factors.

Finally, an article on “The Illusion of Quick Wealth” offers broader economic insights, emphasizing the importance of rational thinking, understanding risks, and focusing on sustainable wealth building through consistent savings, education, and long-term investments. This perspective underscores the principles that should guide individual financial decisions and, by extension, contribute to a more stable and resilient economy.

In summary, the sources point to a multi-faceted approach to economic development in the Kingdom, involving significant reforms in key sectors like real estate, initiatives to boost tourism and cultural engagement, careful navigation of the global oil market, support for local industries and public well-being, and an emphasis on sound economic principles for long-term prosperity. The directives of the Crown Prince appear to be a central driving force behind many of these strategic economic initiatives.

Enhancing Quality of Life in the Kingdom

Based on the sources and our conversation history, the discussion around quality of life encompasses several key areas, including housing, social well-being, health, and economic stability.

The real estate sector reforms are explicitly aimed at improving the quality of life for Saudi families. The directives of the Crown Prince are intended to alleviate the suffering of Saudi families by creating a more balanced and sustainable housing market, ultimately making homeownership more attainable [2, and our prior discussion on housing ownership]. This improved access to suitable housing is a fundamental aspect of a higher quality of life. Furthermore, the expectation that these reforms will redirect citizens’ spending towards more diverse and productive sectors suggests a potential for increased access to a wider range of goods and services, contributing to an enhanced quality of life.

The sources highlight various social and cultural initiatives that contribute to the well-being and enjoyment of life. The “Eidna Antum” initiative aims to bring joy to orphans and social welfare centers during Eid Al-Fitr, directly improving their quality of life during this festive period. Similarly, the celebrations of Eid Al-Fitr across different regions, including Qawara, Asyah in Buraidah, Tabuk, Aseer, the Northern Borders, and the Saudi Consulate in Los Angeles, indicate a focus on fostering community spirit and providing celebratory environments for citizens, residents, and visitors, all of which contribute to social well-being. Events like “Layali Al-Eid” in Jeddah and the diverse programs in “Eid Al-Basta” in Abha further emphasize the efforts to enhance the festive atmosphere and provide engaging activities for people of all ages. The “Jeddah Season”, with its diverse cultural and artistic events, also contributes to the quality of life by providing entertainment and cultural enrichment. The “Pilgrim’s Journey on His Steps” project in Medina aims to enrich the experiences of visitors, which can be seen as enhancing their spiritual and personal well-being.

Health and safety are also important aspects of quality of life addressed in the sources. The program to enhance food safety in Riyadh directly contributes to public health and well-being by aiming to ensure the quality and safety of food and water products.

Economic factors play a significant role in quality of life. The discussion on free parking in central Buraidah suggests an effort to revitalize commercial activity, which could make daily life more convenient for residents by improving access to shops and services. The article on “The Illusion of Quick Wealth” indirectly relates to long-term quality of life by emphasizing the importance of financial stability and sustainable wealth building over risky ventures that could lead to financial hardship. As we discussed previously, a stable and thriving economy contributes to the overall well-being of the population.

It is also important to note that the sources touch upon international issues such as the situation in Palestine and Lebanon. While these events occur outside the Kingdom, they can impact the broader sense of global well-being and security, which can indirectly affect the perceived quality of life.

In summary, the sources indicate that enhancing the quality of life for citizens and residents is a significant focus in the Kingdom. This is being addressed through real estate reforms aimed at improving housing affordability and quality, various social and cultural initiatives that foster community spirit and provide entertainment, efforts to ensure public health and safety, and attention to economic stability and development.

Main Headings

• توجيهات ولي العهد تعزز التوازن في القطاع العقاري The Crown Prince’s directives enhance balance in the real estate sector.
• المملكة تدين اقتحام وزير الأمن القومي الإسرائيلي للمسجد الأقصى The Kingdom condemns the Israeli Minister of National Security’s storming of Al-Aqsa Mosque.
• ضبط البوصلة . عبدالله الحسني Compass adjustment. Abdullah Al-Hasani
• عون: العالم العربي وعلى رأسه السعودية رئة لبنان اقتصادياً Aoun: The Arab world, led by Saudi Arabia, is Lebanon’s economic lung.
• توسع الحرب التجارية يهدد السياحة الأميركية The expansion of the trade war threatens American tourism.
• اليمن: سبعة قتلى وجرحى في قصف أميركي Yemen: Seven killed and wounded in US bombing
• إسرائيل توسع عدوانها على غزة Israel expands its aggression on Gaza

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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This collection of Arabic news articles from April 2025 covers a diverse range of topics. Several pieces discuss economic matters, including oil production expectations, a decrease in non-oil exports in Saudi Arabia, and European chemical industry concerns over energy costs and competitiveness. Other articles focus on regional conflicts and humanitarian issues, notably the situation in Gaza and an Israeli strike in Lebanon. Cultural and social events are also reported, such as Eid al-Fitr celebrations, a Saudi delegation’s participation in the Bologna Children’s Book Fair, and the enduring nature of poetry across generations. Finally, the sources include sports news, updates on Saudi football teams, and information on the Saudi Green Initiative.

Understanding the Provided Sources: A Study Guide

Quiz: Short Answer Questions

1. According to the text, what is Saudi Arabia’s strategic investment in the cyber domain focused on regarding children?
2. What was the primary expectation for the OPEC+ ministerial meeting mentioned in the article, and what factor introduced uncertainty?
3. In Geneva, what did the Saudi representative deliver on behalf of 75 countries regarding children in the cyber environment?
4. What is the Saudi Green Initiative, and what is its primary goal concerning the Kingdom’s future?
5. What did the Governor of the Jazan region emphasize to the citizens and residents who came to greet him for Eid al-Fitr?
6. Describe one way in which the exchange of Eid greetings has changed in modern times, according to the article.
7. According to the report mentioned, what was a significant observation regarding Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports in the fourth quarter of 2024?
8. What is the objective of the project aimed at improving the governance of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) in Saudi Arabia’s capital market?
9. What is the “Mashaer” project by Umm Al Qura Development Company, and what is its intended impact in Mecca?
10. What was the primary reason for the stabilization of oil prices mentioned in the article despite concerns about global supply?

Quiz: Answer Key

1. Saudi Arabia’s strategic investment in the cyber domain is focused on the protection of children in cyberspace. This includes uniting global efforts to respond to and enhance international cooperation against challenges facing children online.
2. The primary expectation for the OPEC+ ministerial meeting was a continuation of oil production increases, similar to the agreed-upon increases for April and May. However, threats from U.S. President Donald Trump regarding tariffs on Russian crude and potential action against Iran introduced uncertainty due to concerns about their impact on global economic growth and energy demand.
3. In Geneva, the Saudi representative delivered a statement on behalf of 75 countries at the Human Rights Council, emphasizing the importance of building capacities to protect children in the cyber environment. This was done in the context of Saudi Arabia hosting the first global summit of its kind on child cybersecurity.
4. The Saudi Green Initiative is a bold step and a fundamental part of the Kingdom’s future plans. Its primary goal is to envision a more sustainable future where the environment is an essential element of the state’s forward-looking strategies, aiming to combat climate change and protect the planet.
5. The Governor of the Jazan region emphasized the leadership’s care and attention for all citizens and residents, the importance of the citizen’s role in national development and progress, and the need to preserve the nation’s security, safety, capabilities, gains, and the values upon which the country was founded based on Islamic principles.
6. One way the exchange of Eid greetings has changed is the shift from traditional family visits and handwritten cards to digital methods such as social media posts, short text messages, and voice calls. This has made the process faster and more convenient, especially for those living far from family.
7. A significant observation regarding Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports in the fourth quarter of 2024 was a decrease in total non-oil re-exports, reaching 35.2% of total exports. Additionally, non-oil exports via air outlets also decreased compared to the previous quarter.
8. The objective of the project is to enhance the attractiveness of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) as investment vehicles by improving their governance and facilitating their procedures for issuing debt instruments and sukuk. This aims to develop the debt and sukuk market, diversify issuances, and boost liquidity.
9. The “Mashaer” project by Umm Al Qura Development Company is a large-scale development project in Mecca that includes residential units, hotels, retail spaces, and pedestrian walkways, along with infrastructure and services. It aims to be a high-quality addition for visitors of the Grand Mosque and residents of Mecca, representing a shift in real estate development.
10. The primary reason for the stabilization of oil prices was the easing of concerns about the impact of the trade war on global growth, despite threats from President Trump regarding tariffs and Iran. The market’s focus shifted to awaiting the OPEC+ meeting for clearer direction.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the various initiatives and strategies mentioned in the provided texts that demonstrate Saudi Arabia’s commitment to environmental sustainability and its role in global environmental leadership.
2. Discuss the economic diversification efforts highlighted in the articles, focusing on the trends in non-oil exports and the development of new sectors like technology and tourism, as evidenced by the “Mashaer” project.
3. Examine the role of technology and innovation, particularly in the cyber domain and artificial intelligence, as areas of both opportunity and challenge for Saudi Arabia and the global markets, according to the provided sources.
4. Compare and contrast the traditional and modern ways of celebrating Eid al-Fitr as depicted in the texts, and discuss the significance of these celebrations in Saudi Arabian society.
5. Evaluate the factors influencing the global oil market as presented in the articles, including the actions of OPEC+, geopolitical tensions, and the potential impact of economic policies on supply and demand.

Glossary of Key Terms

• الفضاء السيبراني (al-faḍāʾ al-saybarānī): Cyberspace; the interconnected digital environment, including the internet and computer networks.
• أوبك+ (ʾūbik+): OPEC+; an alliance of oil-producing countries, including the 13 members of OPEC and 10 other major non-OPEC oil-exporting nations.
• قمة (qimmah): Summit; a meeting of heads of state or government, usually to discuss important issues.
• المبادرة الخضراء السعودية (al-mubādara al-khaḍrāʾ al-saʿūdiyyah): The Saudi Green Initiative; a national program aimed at enhancing environmental sustainability, reducing emissions, and increasing reliance on clean energy.
• عيد الفطر (ʿīd al-fiṭr): Eid al-Fitr; the Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting.
• الصادرات غير البترولية (al-ṣādirāt ghayr al-bitrūliyyah): Non-oil exports; goods and services exported by a country that are not crude oil or petroleum-based products.
• المنشآت ذات الأغراض الخاصة (al-munshaʾāt dhāt al-ʾaghrāḍ al-khāṣṣah): Special Purpose Entities (SPEs); legal entities created for a specific, narrow, and well-defined purpose.
• حوكمة (ḥawkamah): Governance; the system by which a company or organization is controlled and operated.
• مخزونات الخام (makhzūnāt al-khām): Crude oil inventories; the total amount of unrefined petroleum products held in storage.
• الذكاء الاصطناعي (al-dhakāʾ al-iṣṭināʿī): Artificial Intelligence (AI); the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.
• التصحر (al-taṣaḥḥur): Desertification; the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
• محميات طبيعية (maḥmiyyāt ṭabīʿiyyah): Nature reserves; protected areas of land or sea, designated for the conservation of biodiversity and natural resources.
• التنوع البيولوجي (al-tanawwuʿ al-biyūlūjī): Biodiversity; the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
• الإعمار (al-ʾiʿmār): Reconstruction/Development; the process of rebuilding or developing something that has been damaged or is underdeveloped.
• اكتتاب (ʾiktitāb): Subscription (in finance); the process of offering new shares for sale to the public or existing shareholders.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts (April 2, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the April 2, 2025 issue of the Saudi newspaper “Al Riyadh.” The excerpts cover a wide range of topics, reflecting the diverse interests and ongoing developments within the Kingdom and the broader region.

I. Domestic Developments and Initiatives:

• Technological Advancement and Space Exploration: The Kingdom emphasizes its leading role in space technologies and exploration. Significant progress has been made in recent years, with projects aiming to improve the quality of life and boost economic development through the application of space technologies in sectors like health, agriculture, and education.
• Key Facts: The Kingdom has launched several satellites, including “SaudiSat,” for communications and internet services. It is developing spacecraft like “Al Najm” for space exploration and has launched the “Saudi Space Program” to enhance scientific research and technology development.
• Quote: “تعتبر المملكة من الدول الرائدة يف جمال الفضائية، والتقنيات الفضاء شهدت تطورًا كبيرًا يف السنوات األخيرة ويف العديد من املجاالت، حيث مت يف هذا السبيل إطالق املشاريع والربامج الفضائية التي تعمل على تحسني جودة احلياة وتعزيز التنمية االقتصادية، إضافة إىل تعزيز البحث العلمي يف جمال الفضاء.” (Page 16)
• Key Fact: Saudi Arabia achieved a global first by launching a Saudi research experiment to study and analyze the “Space Microbiome” on the polar orbit of the International Space Station. This is described as a significant step in space exploration and research.
• Protection of Children in Cyberspace: The Kingdom considers protecting children in cyberspace a strategic investment. This is highlighted by the launch of the first global summit of its kind dedicated to child protection in the cyber domain, initiated by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
• Key Idea: The summit aims to unify international efforts to address the challenges facing children in the cyber world.
• Key Fact: Saudi Arabia, represented by Ambassador Abdulmohsen bin Khothaila, delivered a statement on behalf of 75 countries at the Human Rights Council in Geneva, emphasizing the importance of building capabilities to protect children online.
• Environmental Sustainability and the Saudi Green Initiative: The “Saudi Green Initiative” is presented as a bold step and a fundamental part of the Kingdom’s future plans, aiming for a more sustainable future and positioning Saudi Arabia as a leading force in combating climate change.
• Key Ideas: The initiative embodies a comprehensive strategic vision and the Kingdom’s commitment to fighting climate change, protecting the planet, achieving comprehensive development, and building a better future for future generations.
• Key Facts: The initiative aligns with Vision 2030 and includes planting 10 billion trees across the Kingdom and managing vast desert afforestation projects using modern technologies. It aims to restore vegetation cover, combat desertification, and improve air quality.
• Quote: “وتعد مبادرة السعودية الخضراء خطوة جريئة يف تاريخ اململكة، حيث أصبحت البيئة جزءًا أساسيًا من اخلطط املستقبلية للدولة، وبفضل هذه املبادرة أصبح من املمكن تصور مستقبل أكثر استدامة لألجيال القادمة.” (Page 16)
• Key Fact: The anniversary of the Saudi Green Initiative is commemorated on March 27th each year to highlight environmental achievements and support future plans. The Kingdom aims to reduce carbon emissions by 60% by 2030.
• Focus on Citizen Welfare and Development: Prince Mohammed bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz, the Governor of Jazan, emphasized the leadership’s attention to the well-being of citizens and residents, highlighting the importance of the citizen’s role in national development, security, and the preservation of the Kingdom’s values based on Islamic principles.
• Eid Al-Fitr Celebrations and Traditions: The excerpts detail various celebrations across the Kingdom for Eid Al-Fitr, highlighting the joy and social cohesion the occasion brings. Traditional customs like exchanging greetings, which have evolved with social media, and the enduring popularity of “Ma’amoul” (filled cookies) are mentioned. Villages are noted for retaining their special charm during Eid, emphasizing the simplicity and family gatherings of the past.
• King Salman’s Relief Efforts: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre continues its efforts to support affected and needy people in several countries.
• Key Fact: In Syria, the center distributed 976 food baskets and 976 health bags in Jindires, benefiting 5,856 individuals affected by the earthquake. Aid distribution also occurred in northern Syria.
• Key Fact: The center also distributed dates and provided iftar meals to fasting individuals in Argentina, benefiting 54,000 people, along with distributing copies of the Quran.
• King Fahd Cultural Center in Argentina: The center is described as a prominent Islamic landmark in Latin America, having served the Muslim community in Argentina since 2000. It includes a mosque, school, library, and cultural center.
• Development Projects in Makkah: The removal of unplanned neighborhoods in Makkah, adjacent to the central area, is underway. This is seen as enhancing services for visitors to the holy city and residents. However, observations within these areas revealed the informal commercial activity and the challenges of aligning it with Makkah’s global status.

II. Economic Matters:

• Oil Market Anticipation of OPEC+ Meeting: The oil market is awaiting the OPEC+ ministerial committee meeting scheduled for Saturday (April 5th, inferred). Sources indicate OPEC+ is likely to proceed with previously agreed production increases (135,000 barrels per day for May, similar to April).
• Key Trend: Oil prices stabilized near their highest levels in five weeks on Tuesday, as threats from former US President Donald Trump regarding tariffs on Russian crude and potential action against Iran eased concerns about the impact of trade wars on global growth.
• Quote: “يف حني أن العقوبات الأكرث صرامة على إيران وفنزويا وروسيا قد تقيد الإمدادات العاملية، فمن املرجح أن تضعف الرسوم الجمركية الأمريكية الطلب العاملي على الطاقة وتبطئ النمو االقتصادي، مما يؤثر بدوره يف النفط على الطلب على النفط.” (Page 16, quoting Oil Heapalby, analyst at ANZ Bank)
• Key Concern: Analysts highlight the potential for US tariffs to weaken global energy demand and slow economic growth, offsetting the impact of supply constraints from sanctions.
• Non-Oil Exports: A report from the General Authority for Statistics on non-oil exports during the fourth quarter of 2024 is discussed.
• Key Observation: A significant decrease in total non-oil re-exports (reaching 35.2%) and a decrease in total imports (55.3%) were noted compared to previous periods.
• Key Idea: The export process is complex and influenced by many factors beyond government control. There is a need to work on overcoming obstacles, enhancing the internal export environment, and proactively adapting to changes through scenario planning.
• Key Data: The UAE remained the top destination for non-oil exports (26.7%), followed by India (9.4%) and China (8.1%) as of November 2024.
• Key Recommendation: Diversifying export destinations, particularly focusing on African (excluding Arab and Islamic), Latin American, and non-EU European countries, is crucial.
• Investment Opportunities and Challenges: A report from HSBC Private Banking highlights key priorities for the second quarter of 2025, including adapting to AI and global profit growth driven by clean energy and AI service providers.
• Key Idea: Diversifying across asset classes, economic sectors, geographical regions, and currencies offers opportunities to enhance risk-adjusted returns.
• Key Observation: While the global economy faces challenges, it remains resilient due to increased government and corporate spending on innovation and rising productivity.
• Regional Strength: The economies of Saudi Arabia and the UAE are seen as strong compared to others in the Gulf Cooperation Council, supported by sovereign wealth, robust reserves, and ongoing structural reforms and infrastructure projects.
• Challenge: The increasing commercial frictions and the rise of AI-based innovations pose significant challenges to markets, requiring wealthy clients to adapt.
• Capital Market Authority (CMA) Initiative: The CMA has invited public feedback on a draft to improve the governance of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) and streamline their procedures.
• Key Objective: To enhance the attractiveness of SPEs as investment vehicles for specific purposes and facilitate the issuance of debt instruments (Sukuk and bonds).
• Expected Outcome: The project aims to develop the Sukuk and debt instrument market, diversify issuances, and boost liquidity.
• Significant Growth: The number of established SPEs saw a significant increase from 464 between 2018 and 2023 to 945 existing entities.
• Listing of Umm Al-Qura for Development and Construction Company: The IPO of Umm Al-Qura is highlighted as a significant event reflecting the maturity of the Saudi capital market and the depth of the Kingdom’s investment vision.
• Key Fact: The IPO offered 130,786,142 ordinary shares, reflecting strong investor confidence.
• Project Details: The proceeds will primarily fund the “Masar” project in Makkah, a large-scale development including 54 residential projects, 66 hotel towers, 4 commercial projects, and a 3.6 km pedestrian walkway, aiming to enhance the experience for visitors and residents.
• Positive Indicator: The fully subscribed and oversubscribed IPO demonstrates the solid faith investors have in the Saudi economy and the attractiveness of available investment opportunities.
• Shell’s Asset Sale in Singapore and Market Dynamics: Shell completed the sale of its Bukom and Jurong Island refining and petrochemical assets in Singapore to Chandra Asri Petrochemical (CAP).
• Market Shift: The new owners have already begun purchasing raw materials, indicating a change in market dynamics.
• Supply Chain Adjustments: Chandra Asri has undertaken several spot purchases of naphtha and assumed responsibility for supplying raw petrochemical materials to Astarte for Singapore shipments.
• Unusual Trade Flows: Data shows rare shipments of Canadian crude oil heading to Singapore under Glencore’s trading operations, coinciding with Shell’s divestment.
• Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) Disruptions: Russia ordered the closure of three mooring stations of the CPC, which handles about 1% of global oil supplies from Kazakhstan’s Kashagan field.
• Reason: Ostensibly due to surprise inspections by the Russian transport regulatory authority.
• Potential Impact: The halt could lead to a significant decrease in oil exports if it lasts more than a week.
• Geopolitical Context: The move came shortly after reports of former US President Trump being dissatisfied with Russia and the progress of peace talks with Ukraine, along with his tariff threats. Russia also cited previous technical issues, storms, and a Ukrainian drone attack affecting the pipeline’s operations.
• European Commission and Chemical Industry: The European Commission is working to help the chemical sector manage high energy prices, modernization costs, and the transition.
• Key Objective: To enhance the sector’s competitiveness.
• Urgent Need: Updating steam cracking units older than 40 years is crucial due to their environmental inefficiency and weak performance.
• Call for Action: Eight European countries urged measures to support chemical production amid rising costs and competition. They emphasized the importance of a proposed “Critical Raw Materials Act” in supporting the development and decarbonization of chemical plants and promoting alternative carbon sources.
• Plant Closures: Several chemical plants and cracking units in Europe have closed or are operating at reduced rates due to high costs and fading competitive advantages. Similar challenges and closures are affecting polyolefin plants in Southeast Asia due to weak profit margins, oversupply, and high naphtha prices. The cost of producing ethylene from naphtha in Asia is significantly higher than in Saudi Arabia and the US, putting pressure on Asian producers.

III. Regional and International Affairs:

• Israeli Strike in Southern Beirut: An Israeli airstrike on a southern suburb of Beirut killed a Hezbollah official, leading to condemnation from Lebanese officials and raising concerns about escalating tensions.
• Casualty: A “field official” ( مسؤول حزبي) in Hezbollah was killed.
• Lebanese Reaction: President Michel Aoun described the strike as a dangerous warning about hostile intentions against Lebanon and a blatant violation of UN Resolution 1701. Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri, a Hezbollah ally, called it an attempt to sabotage the ceasefire agreement. Hezbollah MP Ibrahim Al-Moussawi also condemned the attack.
• Hezbollah’s Response: While condemning the attack, Hezbollah’s immediate response was cautious, with some suggesting the group might be overestimating its strength.
• UN Resolution 1701: The strike is seen as a clear breach of the resolution that ended the 2006 war between Israel and Hezbollah.
• Syrian Political Developments: The United States considered the formation of a new Syrian government a positive step but stated that it would not ease restrictions until progress is made on priorities, including combating “terrorism.”
• Gaza Humanitarian Crisis: The situation in Gaza is dire, with accusations against Israel of deliberately causing mass starvation by closing crossings and preventing the entry of aid.
• Accusations: The Palestinian side claims Israel has prevented the entry of 18,600 truckloads of aid and essential fuel since the start of the war, bombed over 60 food kitchens and distribution centers, and targeted bakeries.
• Bakery Closures: The head of the bakery owners’ association in Gaza reported that all bakeries have closed due to the depletion of flour and fuel as a result of the ongoing siege and prevention of aid.
• International Aid Obstruction: The UN humanitarian affairs agency reported that Israeli authorities rejected 40 out of 49 requests to coordinate aid deliveries to Gaza in March.
• Impact on Children: Over 100 children are reportedly killed or injured daily in Gaza, with more than 15,000 killed and over 34,000 injured in recent months. UNICEF emphasized the urgent need for humanitarian access and protection for children.

IV. Social and Cultural Snippets:

• The “Ardah” as a Leading Folk Art: The “Ardah” (traditional Saudi sword dance) is highlighted as a prominent and captivating folk art, enjoying significant popularity.
• Role of Poetry in Connecting Generations: Poetry is presented as a powerful medium for sharing feelings, ideas, and cultural heritage across generations, with traditional poems being passed down and cherished.
• Saudi Arabia’s Commitment to Pilgrims and Visitors: The Kingdom’s efforts to ensure the safety, security, and tranquility of pilgrims, visitors, and residents are emphasized, rooted in Islamic values and the teachings of the Quran. The dedication of Saudi security personnel is commended.
• The Significance of Eid Celebrations: Eid is described as embodying profound human values, fostering social cohesion, preserving heritage, and emphasizing the balance between work and rest. The spiritual and social dimensions of Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha are highlighted, focusing on gratitude, compassion, and strengthening family ties.
• Importance of Laws and Regulations: The necessity of adhering to laws and regulations for the security, justice, and equality of societies is stressed. Violating these norms leads to chaos and hinders progress and the protection of individual and societal rights.
• Khaled Abdulrahman’s Eid Concert: The renowned artist Khaled Abdulrahman held a successful Eid concert in Qassim, part of a series organized by the General Entertainment Authority (GEA).
• Youssef Farah’s Musical Ventures: Actress Youssef Farah is pursuing a singing career alongside her acting, having released several songs in 2024 and preparing new releases for Eid Al-Fitr.

V. Sports Highlights:

• Saudi National Futsal Team Camp in Vietnam: The national futsal team is holding an overseas training camp in Vietnam in preparation for the Asian Cup qualifiers.
• Saudi National Football Team’s World Cup Qualifiers: The national football team faces crucial matches in the World Cup qualifiers, needing to secure points to improve their chances of direct qualification or reaching the playoffs.
• Al-Ittihad Reaches King’s Cup Final: Al-Ittihad qualified for the King’s Cup final after an exciting victory over Al-Shabab.
• Al-Qadsiah and Al-Raed Compete for Second Final Spot: Al-Qadsiah and Al-Raed are set to play in the second King’s Cup semi-final match.
• Al-Faisaly vs. Al-Batin and Jeddah vs. Al-Hazm League Matches: Previews of upcoming league matches are provided, highlighting team standings and key players.
• Mosaab Al-Juwair: A Rising Football Talent: Young player Mosaab Al-Juwair is highlighted as a promising talent in Saudi football, showcasing impressive performances for Al-Shabab and earning recognition as a key player for the national team. He has received multiple “Roshen League Young Player of the Month” awards and is attracting interest from both local and European clubs.
• Japan’s Football Development: From 2005 Dream to 2050 Vision: The remarkable progress of Japanese football over the years is discussed, tracing its roots to a long-term vision set in 2005 to win the World Cup by 2050. Factors contributing to this development include investing in youth academies, focusing on tactical and intellectual development, strong school football programs (boosted by the “Captain Tsubasa” manga), and sending talents to Brazil (though this strategy was later revised). Japan’s hosting of the 2002 World Cup marked a significant milestone.
• Al-Riyadh Club’s Role in Developing Young Talents: Despite limited financial resources, Al-Riyadh Club plays a vital role in developing young football talents through its academy and youth teams, providing a platform for promising players and employing a comprehensive training and scouting strategy.

VI. Miscellaneous:

• “Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority” Inspection Campaigns: The authority conducted over 12,000 inspection visits in March 2025 across various commercial sectors to ensure compliance with tax regulations and combat violations like not issuing e-invoices. Consumers are encouraged to report violations.
• Al-Aan Heritage Palace in Najran: The palace, known for its unique architecture, attracts visitors during Eid Al-Fitr, showcasing the region’s heritage and traditional crafts.
• Drowning Prevention Awareness: The Civil Defense in the Eastern Province issued warnings about drowning hazards during Eid gatherings, particularly around swimming pools, emphasizing the importance of supervision and safety measures.
• Psychological Well-being during Eid: A consultant psychiatrist emphasizes the psychological benefits of Eid celebrations, including breaking routine, fostering social connection, spreading optimism, and promoting a sense of belonging and self-esteem.

This briefing provides a comprehensive overview of the key information presented in the “Al Riyadh” newspaper excerpts, highlighting domestic developments, economic trends, regional issues, social observations, and sports news as of April 2, 2025.

FAQ: Key Themes from the Saudi Arabian Newspaper “Al Riyadh” (April 2, 2025)

1. What strategic importance does Saudi Arabia place on protecting children in cyberspace? Saudi Arabia considers protecting children in cyberspace a strategic investment, recognizing its role in enhancing the quality of life and fostering development. This commitment was highlighted during the launch of the first global cyber security summit for child protection, an initiative by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman aimed at unifying international efforts to address threats faced by children online and build capabilities in this area.

2. What are some recent advancements and initiatives by Saudi Arabia in the space sector? Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in its space program. This includes the launch of several satellites like “Shaheen” for telecommunications and internet services, the development of spacecraft such as “Najm” for space exploration, and the launch of the Saudi Space Program aimed at promoting scientific research and technological advancement in space. A notable achievement is the launch of the first Saudi research mission to study and analyze the space microbiome in low Earth orbit, marking a significant step in space exploration and research.

3. What is the outlook for the oil market according to the article, particularly concerning OPEC+ decisions and global economic factors? The oil market is closely watching the upcoming OPEC+ ministerial committee meeting in April. Sources indicate that OPEC+ is expected to proceed with planned production increases. Oil prices stabilized recently, despite earlier concerns related to potential US tariffs on Russian crude and tensions with Iran. However, analysts suggest that while stricter sanctions on Iran, Venezuela, and Russia could limit global supply, US tariffs might weaken global energy demand and slow economic growth, making a clear market direction uncertain.

4. How is Saudi Arabia demonstrating its commitment to combating climate change and promoting environmental sustainability? Saudi Arabia views environmental protection as a fundamental part of its future plans, exemplified by the Saudi Green Initiative. This initiative aims to create a more sustainable future by focusing on increasing reliance on renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, protecting 30% of the Kingdom’s land as natural reserves to conserve biodiversity, and planting 10 billion trees across the country in the coming decades to combat desertification and improve air quality. The Kingdom is actively working towards achieving its goal of reducing carbon emissions by 60% by 2030.

5. How has the celebration of Eid Al-Fitr evolved in Saudi Arabia with the rise of social media and the internet? While traditional in-person family visits were the primary way of exchanging Eid greetings in the past, the rise of social media and the internet has led to a significant shift. Now, phone calls, voice messages, short text messages on platforms like Twitter, and posts on Facebook and Instagram have become common and efficient ways to convey festive wishes, especially for those living far from family or with busy schedules.

6. What are the key challenges and opportunities identified in the non-oil export sector in Saudi Arabia? Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports saw a decrease in the fourth quarter of 2024, along with a decline in re-exports and air freight exports. The primary destination for non-oil exports remains the UAE, followed by India and China. While challenges such as external controls and existing technical regulations in potential markets exist, there is significant room for improvement by enhancing the internal export environment, adapting to changing conditions through forecasting, and diversifying export destinations to regions like Africa (excluding Arab and Islamic nations), Latin America, and non-EU European countries.

7. What are the primary objectives of Saudi Arabia’s project to enhance the attractiveness of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) through improved governance? The Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) is undertaking a project to improve the governance of SPEs to enhance their appeal for investment purposes and facilitate their procedures for issuing debt instruments and sukuk. The project aims to strengthen the legal standing of SPEs, develop the debt and sukuk market, diversify issuances, increase investment opportunities, and boost liquidity. Key aspects of the reform include adding requirements for the personal guardian of the SPE and developing provisions for their dismissal, as well as reviewing the independence requirements for the SPE’s board members from the founder and sponsor.

8. What does the successful IPO of Umm Al-Qura for Development and Construction signify for the Saudi Arabian economy and real estate market? The IPO of Umm Al-Qura for Development and Construction is seen as a significant milestone, reflecting the maturity of the Saudi financial market and the depth of the Kingdom’s investment vision. This IPO, aimed at funding the “Masar Destination” project in Makkah, which includes hotels, residential towers, and commercial spaces, signifies a redefinition of real estate development in the holy city. The strong investor confidence and full subscription of the IPO underscore the resilience of the Saudi economy and the attractiveness of available investment opportunities, aligning with the goals of Vision 2030 to develop promising sectors and accommodate major projects.

OPEC+, Production, and Global Oil Market Dynamics

The sources discuss OPEC+ oil production in the context of several factors.

Kazakhstan’s Production and OPEC+ Agreement: According to the sources, Kazakhstan has exceeded its oil production quotas as part of an agreement between OPEC+ producers and their allies, including Russia.

Russia’s Production Challenges: The sources indicate that Russia, also part of OPEC+, is facing difficulties in persuading companies operating its oil fields to reduce production.

Potential Impact of US Tariffs on Russian Oil: There is mention of threats by the US to impose tariffs on Russian oil, the second-largest global oil exporter, which could disrupt supplies and potentially affect global oil markets.

OPEC+ Supply and Global Demand: One source states that OPEC+ is increasing its supply. Simultaneously, there are concerns that a slowdown in global economic growth and specifically in China could lead to a decrease in the demand for fuel, potentially offsetting any reduction in supply caused by the tariff threats.

Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) Disruption: The sources report a temporary disruption in the flow of oil through the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), which exports approximately 1% of global oil supplies. This occurred after inspection operations by the Russian transport regulator. The disruption could lead to a further decrease in oil exports if it persists for more than a week.

Kazakhstan’s Response to CPC Disruption: Due to the reduced volume of oil flowing through the CPC pipeline, Kazakhstan is reportedly considering reducing its oil production.

Gaza: Humanitarian Crisis and Allegations of Genocide

The sources indicate a severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza. According to the governmental media office in Gaza, the sector is dying gradually due to starvation and collective extermination carried out by the Israeli occupation against civilian life, resulting in the killing of children and women.

The Israeli occupation is accused of exceeding all limits in its actions against unarmed civilians. The media office calls these actions a “crime of genocide” and demands urgent international intervention to stop it.

The sources also highlight the following:

• A call for the International community to take immediate action to stop the “crime of genocide”.
• A demand to hold Israeli war criminals and those responsible for the aggression accountable before international courts.
• A request for an immediate international and independent investigation into the various war crimes committed by the occupation against the Palestinian people.
• A call to exert pressure and compel the occupation to end the unjust siege on Gaza.
• A necessity for allowing the entry of humanitarian aid, fuel, and medical supplies without any restrictions, especially for wounded civilians and newborns.

Protecting Children in Cyberspace: An International Responsibility

The sources do not contain information about a “Cyber security summit”. However, one of the main themes discussed in the provided excerpts is the protection of children in cyberspace.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers protecting children in the cyber environment a strategic investment for a more secure and sustainable future. The statement highlights that this issue is not merely a technological challenge but a crucial investment.

The sources emphasize that many nations, particularly those facing developmental challenges, still lack the necessary digital infrastructure and resources to protect children from online risks. This necessitates strengthening capacity building and bridging these gaps through international support.

The sources also include a statement calling for unifying international efforts and partnerships between governments and the private sector to develop practical and sustainable solutions for child protection. It further urges the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide technical assistance to countries in need, including developing national legislation, training those working in law enforcement, and establishing safe reporting mechanisms.

The excerpts conclude by affirming that protecting children in cyberspace is a shared international responsibility that requires ensuring the digital world is a safe environment where children’s rights are respected and their dignity is guaranteed. This statement aligns with the Kingdom’s ongoing efforts and concern for protecting and enhancing the safety and well-being of children in the digital environment.

Therefore, while the sources do not address a specific “Cyber security summit,” they extensively discuss the critical cybersecurity issue of child protection in the digital realm and the necessary collaborative efforts to address it.

Jazan Region Eid al-Fitr Celebrations and Governor’s Address

The sources mention celebrations in the Jazan region specifically in the context of Eid al-Fitr. His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz, the Governor of the Jazan region, received well-wishers on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr.

The well-wishers included deputies of governorates, heads of centers, tribal chiefs, and a group of citizens who came to greet His Royal Highness and offer their congratulations on the arrival of Eid al-Fitr.

During this reception, the Prince emphasized the attention and care provided by the wise leadership to all citizens and residents of the Jazan region, with the aim of ensuring their comfort and prosperity. He also underscored the significant role of citizens in the national development and progress of the country, as well as the importance of preserving security, safety, capabilities, achievements, and the values upon which the Kingdom was founded – the principles of Islam and Islamic law. The Governor concluded by praying to God for the continued security and well-being of the nation.

Therefore, the celebration in the Jazan region, as highlighted in the sources, centered around the traditional greetings and expressions of goodwill on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr, along with the Governor’s address emphasizing national values and the leadership’s commitment to the well-being of the region’s inhabitants.

Saudi Non-Oil Export Diversification: Destinations and Challenges

The sources discuss Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports and the importance of diversifying their destinations. It is stated that without a doubt, non-oil exports are crucial, and the primary destination for these exports was the UAE, followed by India and then China, as of November 2024.

The source emphasizes the need to increase focus on African countries (excluding Arab and Islamic ones), Latin America, and non-EU European Union countries. Despite the anticipated potential, the Kingdom’s exports to these nations still face challenges due to technical and regulatory factors, which hinder their access compared to other countries within the EU.

The source does not explicitly mention a decline in non-oil exports. Instead, it focuses on the process of exporting as a highly complex and dynamic operation influenced by numerous factors, many of which are beyond the control of governments. It suggests that there is significant room for improvement by working to overcome all obstacles and enhancing the internal environment and sustainability of exports. This improvement should be proactive, adapting to changing conditions and variables through scenario forecasting.

In summary, while the source highlights the significance of non-oil exports and the need for diversification along with the challenges in accessing certain markets, it does not provide information indicating a decline in these exports.

Main Headings

• المملكة: حماية الأطفال في الفضاء السيبراني استثمار استراتيجي Kingdom: Protecting children in cyberspace is a strategic investment
• المملكة ترحب بتوقيع طاجيكستان وقرغيزستان وأوزباكستان معاهدة الحدود المشتركة The Kingdom welcomes the signing of the Joint Border Treaty by Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan.
• مجلس التنفيذيين اللبنانيين» يعزز العلاقات مع المملكة The Lebanese Executive Council strengthens relations with the Kingdom.
• المدى البصري ، نوال الجبر Visual range, Nawal Al-Jaber
• سوق النفط يترقب اجتماع «وزارية أوبك..»+ السبت The oil market awaits the OPEC+ ministerial meeting on Saturday.
• السعودية الخضراء..» حضور عالمي لمكافحة التغير المناخي Green Saudi Arabia: A Global Presence to Combat Climate Change
• إســــــرائــــــيــــــل) تـــقـــتـــل مـــــــســـــــ ً ؤولا فــــــي حــــــــزب الـــلـــه ، غـزة تمـوت تدريجيـاً (Israel) kills a Hezbollah official, Gaza is gradually dying
• أميـر جــازان يستقـبل المهنئيــن بالــعيـد Emir of Jazan receives Eid well-wishers
• أمير تبوك يلتقي أهالي تيماء Emir of Tabuk meets with Tayma residents
• محافظ الدرعية يرعى حفل العرضة السعودية The Governor of Diriyah sponsors the Saudi Ardah ceremony.
• أهالي وادي الدواسر يحتفلون بالعيد Wadi Ad-Dawasir residents celebrate Eid
• العرضة والسامري في عيد عفيف Al-Ardah and Al-Samri on Eid Al-Afif
• القنصلية في سيدني تنظم فعاليات وأنشطة رياضية للطلاب The Consulate in Sydney organizes sports events and activities for students.
• السفارة السعودية في أميركا تحتفل بعيد الفطر The Saudi Embassy in the United States celebrates Eid al-Fitr.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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This collection of articles from the Arabic-language newspaper Al Riyadh covers a range of topics. Local Saudi Arabian news includes directives from the Crown Prince regarding real estate market stability, Eid Al-Fitr celebrations across different regions, and developments in the hospitality and tourism sectors. Regional news reports on Lebanon after rockets were fired towards Israel and a new Syrian government. International stories discuss France’s far-right leader’s conviction, Iran’s threats against potential aggressors, and the search for survivors after a major earthquake in Myanmar and Thailand. Business and economic news features oil market fluctuations, rising gold prices amid trade war concerns initiated by the US, and extended fee collection at a Saudi port. Arts and culture are represented through reviews of Ramadan television dramas and a Saudi film. Opinion pieces discuss national pride, research credibility, interior design trends, and the state of Saudi football.

Understanding Recent Saudi Developments and Regional News

Study Guide

This study guide is designed to help you review the provided news excerpts. It includes a quiz to test your understanding of key facts, essay questions to encourage deeper analysis, and a glossary of important terms.

Quiz (Short Answer)

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each, based on the provided text.

1. What was the primary goal of the directives issued by the Crown Prince regarding the real estate market in Riyadh?
2. According to the article, what percentage of the Saudi economy is projected to be contributed by the tourism sector by 2034?
3. What action did the Lebanese General Security take following the rocket launches towards Israeli territory?
4. For what reason was Marine Le Pen, the leader of the French far-right, convicted by a French court?
5. What is the main point of contention currently hindering progress in negotiations regarding the second phase of the Gaza agreement?
6. What is “Hanith” and why is it a significant dish during Eid al-Fitr in Saudi Arabia?
7. What potential negative consequences does the article suggest could result from the imposition of a 25% tariff on imported cars by the United States?
8. What is the significance of the increased activity and development of roadside fuel stations along the “North Makkah” road?
9. What is the purpose of the “Mawani” circular regarding the collection of fees on containers transported from Dammam Port to Riyadh?
10. According to one of the opinion articles, what was a key factor contributing to the “unjustified and unbalanced” rise in real estate prices in Riyadh?

Answer Key (for Quiz)

1. The Crown Prince’s directives aimed to regulate the real estate market in Riyadh by creating a balance between supply and demand and enhancing the stability of the market. This was intended to provide a suitable residential environment for citizens and support Riyadh’s ambition to become one of the ten largest economic cities globally by 2030.
2. The article projects that the tourism sector’s contribution to the Saudi economy will reach approximately 16% by 2034, totaling around $222.9 billion USD. This growth is expected to create over 3.6 million job opportunities across the Kingdom.
3. The Lebanese General Security announced the arrest of suspected individuals in connection with the recent rocket launches towards Israeli territory. This action was part of their efforts to monitor the security situation and maintain stability, particularly in light of the escalating events in southern Lebanon.
4. Marine Le Pen was convicted by a French court for misusing funds from the European Union. She allegedly used these funds to pay the salaries of party staff based in France while they were officially listed as parliamentary assistants in Brussels.
5. The main point of contention is Israel’s demand to begin discussing the second phase of the ceasefire agreement and the end of the war, while Hamas insists on a clear timeline for these steps. The Hamas government also rejects the proposed Israeli terms.
6. “Hanith” is a traditional Saudi dish, particularly popular in the southern region, where lamb is slow-cooked in an underground pit using the heat of wood and stones, giving it a smoky flavor. It is a significant dish during Eid al-Fitr as families gather for large meals after Ramadan, and its preparation is a festive tradition passed down through generations.
7. The article suggests that imposing a 25% tariff on imported cars could lead to a moderate inflation of around 10% in car prices in the US market and potentially increase the average monthly car payment. In the long term, it could lead to Americans keeping their cars longer due to the high cost of new vehicles.
8. The increased activity and development of fuel stations along the “North Makkah” road reflect the significant investment in infrastructure to accommodate the huge numbers of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. These modern stations with diverse and high-quality services aim to manage congestion and provide rapid services to travelers.
9. The “Mawani” circular extended the deadline for collecting fees on containers moved from King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam to the Dry Port in Riyadh. This extension aims to improve the efficiency of operational processes and maintain the rights of beneficiaries by encouraging the prior registration of goods.
10. According to Dr. Talal Al-Harbi’s opinion piece, the recent “unjustified and unbalanced” rise in real estate prices in Riyadh was partly due to the exploitation of the market by some real estate owners and traders, who raised prices and rents without any logical justification, especially given Riyadh’s rapid growth and the disproportionate demand compared to supply.

Essay Format Questions

Consider the following questions and plan out a well-structured essay for each.

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of the different news articles. How do the local Saudi developments (real estate, tourism, Eid celebrations, infrastructure) relate to the regional and international news (Gaza negotiations, Lebanon tensions, French politics, US tariffs, oil markets)?
2. Discuss the potential impact of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 on various sectors as highlighted in these articles. Consider the real estate market regulation, the growth of the tourism industry, and infrastructure development in your analysis.
3. Evaluate the significance of international political and economic events (US tariffs, Gaza conflict, Lebanese tensions, French elections) on Saudi Arabia’s domestic and international standing, based on the information provided.
4. Compare and contrast the perspectives presented in the opinion articles regarding the real estate market in Riyadh and the potential impacts of US trade policies on the global and domestic economies.
5. Examine the role of tradition and modernity in Saudi Arabia as reflected in the news articles, considering both the celebrations of Eid al-Fitr and the ambitious development projects outlined.

Glossary of Key Terms

• ولي العهد (Wali al-Ahd): Crown Prince. In the Saudi Arabian context, this refers to the designated successor to the throne.
• الرؤية 2030 (Al-Ru’ya 2030): Vision 2030. Saudi Arabia’s ambitious long-term plan to diversify its economy, develop public service sectors, and enhance its global standing.
• سوق العقارات (Suq al-Aqar): Real Estate Market. The market for buying, selling, and renting land and buildings.
• الشفافية والوضوح (Al-Shafafiya wal-Wuduh): Transparency and Clarity. Principles emphasizing openness and clear communication in procedures and regulations.
• الإنفاق والاستهلاك (Al-Infaq wal-Istihlak): Spending and Consumption. Economic activities related to the expenditure of money on goods and services.
• الإسكان (Al-Iskan): Housing. The provision of shelter and homes for people.
• قطاع السياحة والضيافة (Qita’ al-Siyaha wal-Dhiyafa): Tourism and Hospitality Sector. Industries focused on providing services to travelers and guests.
• الأراضي البيضاء (Al-Aradi al-Bayda’): White Land. Undeveloped urban land, often subject to fees in Saudi Arabia to encourage development.
• حزب الله (Hizbullah): Hezbollah (Party of God). A Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and militant group.
• اليمين المتطرف (Al-Yamin al-Mutatarif): Far-Right. The extreme right wing of the political spectrum, often associated with nationalism and conservative social views.
• مجلس الاتحاد الأوروبي (Majlis al-Ittihad al-Urubbi): Council of the European Union. One of the main decision-making bodies of the European Union.
• أونروا (UNRWA): United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. A UN agency providing assistance and protection to Palestinian refugees.
• هدنة (Hudna): Truce or Ceasefire. A temporary suspension of fighting.
• الرئيس الأمريكي (Al-Ra’is al-Amriki): The American President. The head of state and government of the United States.
• رسوم جمركية (Rusum Jumrukiyya): Customs Duties or Tariffs. Taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.
• أوبك + (OPEC+): A group of oil-producing countries consisting of the 13 OPEC members and several non-OPEC countries, including Russia.
• المخزونات النفطية (Al-Makhzunat al-Naftiyya): Oil Reserves or Stockpiles. Stored quantities of crude oil and petroleum products.
• المعتمرين والمعتكفين (Al-Mu’tamirin wal-Mu’takifin): Umrah Pilgrims and Those Observing I’tikaf. Muslims performing the lesser pilgrimage to Mecca and those in spiritual retreat in mosques, especially during Ramadan.
• موانئ (Mawani): Ports. The Saudi Ports Authority.
• الحاويات (Al-Hawiyat): Containers. Large standardized boxes used for transporting goods.
• عيد الفطر (Eid al-Fitr): The Festival of Breaking the Fast. A major Islamic holiday marking the end of Ramadan.
• الحنيذ (Al-Hanith): A traditional Yemeni (and also Saudi) dish of slow-cooked lamb or goat, often prepared in an underground oven.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts (April 1, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes and important information presented in the provided excerpts from the April 1, 2025, issue of the Saudi Arabian newspaper “Al Riyadh.” The excerpts cover a range of domestic and international news, including economic developments, social and cultural events, and political updates.

Key Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

1. Saudi Arabian Economic Developments and Vision 2030:

• Real Estate Market Regulation: A significant focus is placed on the directives of the Crown Prince regarding the regulation of the real estate market in Riyadh. Ministers emphasized that these directives come at a crucial time to balance supply and demand and enhance market stability.
• Quote: “” (Ministers affirmed in televised statements yesterday that the directives of His Royal Highness the Crown Prince, President of the Council of Ministers, Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – regarding the regulation of the real estate market in Riyadh came at an important time, as they contribute to achieving balance between supply and demand and enhance market stability).
• The Minister of Economy and Planning highlighted that regulatory intervention will positively impact the economy beyond the real estate sector, boosting spending and consumption.
• The CEO of the Royal Commission for Riyadh City announced immediate implementation of the directives, focusing on providing developed residential land and launching a platform for receiving and processing applications.
• Efforts are underway to expedite the announcement of land availability and monitor procedures to ensure transparency and clarity, aiming to protect the market from harmful practices and provide a suitable residential environment while supporting commercial investment.
• These efforts align with the ambition to make Riyadh one of the top ten economic cities globally by 2030.
• The article mentions forthcoming approvals on proposed amendments to land fees and the regulation of the relationship between lessors and lessees, which will contribute to balancing the interests of all parties in the residential and commercial rental markets and enhancing their attractiveness.
• Tourism Sector Growth: A strategic partnership between the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of Investment was announced to support the Saudi Hotels and Hospitality Exhibition, aiming to boost growth in these sectors.
• Quote:.” (Both the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of Investment announced the signing of a strategic partnership aimed at supporting the Saudi Hotels and Hospitality Exhibition…).
• This aligns with Vision 2030 goals of attracting 150 million tourists and investing over a trillion US dollars in the sector over the next decade, positioning Saudi Arabia as a leading global tourism investment destination.
• The exhibition serves as a platform for networking and exploring opportunities within the tourism and hospitality sectors.
• The World Travel and Tourism Council projects the Saudi tourism sector’s contribution to the national economy to reach $222.9 billion by 2034, approximately 16% of the total GDP, creating over 3.6 million jobs nationwide, meaning one in five employees will be in tourism.
• Economic Activity in Mecca: The article highlights significant economic activity related to road stations in Mecca, noting their crucial role in accommodating the large numbers of Umrah and Itikaf pilgrims.
• The development of these stations with modern services and increased capacity is seen as a way to manage congestion effectively.
• The “Al-Sharay’a” road leading to Mecca is witnessing intense competition among companies to build new fuel stations.
• The number of fuel stations in Mecca is reported to be 955, and over 10,000 across the Kingdom, indicating the importance of this sector.
• Extension of Fee Collection on Containers: The “Mawani” (Saudi Ports Authority) announced an extension for collecting fees on containers transported from King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam to the Dry Port in Riyadh via railway, aiming to improve operational efficiency and service levels.

2. International Political and Economic Developments:

• Syrian Political Situation: The formation of a new transitional government in Syria was announced, with Ahmed Al-Shara’a stating that they rejected any political quotas in its formation, aiming for national construction at all levels. The government faces the challenge of gaining the trust of Western countries and the international community to potentially lift sanctions.
• Lebanon-Israel Tensions: Lebanese General Security announced the arrest of suspects following rocket launches towards Israeli territories, which followed Israeli shelling in southern Beirut. This represents a dangerous escalation since the cessation of hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel in late November. Israel retaliated by striking a site it claimed was used by Hezbollah to store missiles.
• French Far-Right Leader Convicted of Misuse of Funds: Marine Le Pen, leader of the French far-right party National Rally, was convicted by a French court of misusing European Union funds. A ruling on potential sanctions, including ineligibility for the 2027 presidential elections, is expected soon, which could significantly alter the French political landscape.
• Stalled Negotiations in Gaza: Details emerged of a “horrific massacre” in Rafah, where Israeli forces killed 15 members of rescue teams, including a UNRWA employee. Negotiations for the second phase of a ceasefire agreement are reportedly stalled due to significant gaps between the two sides. Hamas demands a clear timeline for the second phase and a complete halt to the war, which the Israeli government rejects.
• Trump’s Trade Policies and Global Economic Impact: An opinion piece discusses the potential impact of former US President Trump’s threats to impose a 25% tariff on all vehicles manufactured outside the US. The author argues that this could lead to a 10% average inflation in car prices and negatively affect consumers and the automotive industry, as even American-made cars contain imported parts. The long-term effect could be a situation akin to “Cubanization,” where Americans hold onto old cars for extended periods due to the high cost of new ones.
• Oil Market Volatility: Oil prices declined despite warnings from Trump about potential tariffs on Russian crude buyers if Moscow hinders efforts to end the war in Ukraine. The article also mentions Saudi Arabia’s move to lower crude prices for Asian buyers and Iran’s reduction of light crude prices. Another article highlights the dominance of supply risks in oil markets, with prices falling despite tariff warnings on Russian oil.
• Gold Price Surge and Global Stock Market Decline: Gold reached a record high as concerns over Trump’s potential tariffs and a global trade war intensified. Global stock markets sharply declined following Trump’s statements indicating broad tariffs. Analysts express concerns about the lack of a consistent approach from the Trump administration, creating uncertainty in the markets and increasing recession fears.

3. Saudi Arabian Social and Cultural Events:

• Eid Al-Fitr Celebrations: Several short articles and photos depict Eid Al-Fitr celebrations across Saudi Arabia, including in Qassim, Al-Kharj (under the patronage of Prince Fahd bin Mohammed), Al-Baha, Madinah, Rafha, and Taif (which recorded over 200,000 visitors to its Eid festivities). These highlights emphasize the traditions, joy, and community spirit associated with the holiday.
• Halu Al-Humr (Sweet Red Dish) and Henidh (Slow-Cooked Lamb): An article describes “Halu Al-Humr” as a characteristic flavor of Hijazi Eid celebrations and details the preparation and significance of “Henidh” as a prominent traditional dish in the southern region, emphasizing its cultural heritage and the communal aspect of its preparation and consumption during Eid.
• “Ila Ibni” (To My Son) Film: The movie “Ila Ibni,” starring Saudi actor Faisal and his London-based son Adam, premiered during Eid Al-Fitr. The film explores the relationship between a father who returns to Abha after years in the UK and his son who he hasn’t seen since leaving 12 years prior, suggesting a family drama with lasting consequences.
• Ramadan Television Series Review: An article reviews several Ramadan television series, including “Lam Shamsia” (Umbrella), “Talk to Me Every Day,” “JAC 2,” “My Aunt Noura,” and “Saree’ Saree’ Al-A’ma” (Blind Fast). It analyzes their popularity, themes, and production quality, highlighting the success of some series and the shortcomings of others. “Saree’ Saree’ Al-A’ma,” based on a novel, is noted for its high viewership and resonance with Najdi society and history.

4. Other Notable Points:

• Opinion Piece on Eid and Progress: An opinion piece reflects on Eid Al-Fitr as a time for joy and emphasizes the significant development and progress in Riyadh under the leadership of the Crown Prince, linking it to the Vision 2030 objectives.
• Opinion Piece on Real Estate Market: Dr. Talal Al-Harbi discusses the recent unjustified rise in real estate prices in Riyadh and praises the Crown Prince’s directives for regulating the market as a crucial step towards achieving Vision 2030 goals, including increased homeownership and improved quality of life.
• Opinion Piece on “After Eid” Procrastination: Fahd Al-Ahmari encourages readers to start pursuing their goals now rather than postponing them “after Eid,” emphasizing that life’s demands are not dictated by holidays.
• Opinion Piece on Crown Prince’s Leadership: Dr. Khaled Ramadan lauds the Crown Prince’s exceptional leadership and his role in shaping Vision 2030, highlighting his focus on innovation, creativity, and sustainable development.
• Sports News: The excerpts include updates on Saudi football, including the Saudi King’s Cup semi-final match between Al-Ittihad and Al-Shabab, Al-Hilal’s preparations for upcoming matches, and comments from Real Madrid coach Carlo Ancelotti on Kylian Mbappé’s potential. There is also a commentary on the Saudi national football team’s challenging path to the 2026 World Cup and the emergence of young talents.

This collection of excerpts provides a snapshot of key issues and events of interest in Saudi Arabia and the wider world as of April 1, 2025, as reported by “Al Riyadh” newspaper. The emphasis on economic development aligned with Vision 2030, alongside local social and cultural events, highlights the Kingdom’s ongoing transformation and its engagement with regional and global affairs.

Saudi Arabia & Global Economic Briefings

### Q1: What were the main directives of the Crown Prince regarding the real estate market in Riyadh, and what is their intended impact?

The Crown Prince’s directives focused on organizing the real estate market in Riyadh to achieve a balance between supply and demand and enhance market stability. Ministers emphasized that these directives came at a crucial time. The goal is to provide a suitable residential environment for citizens and support commercial investment, aligning with the ambition to make Riyadh one of the ten largest economic cities globally by 2030. Key actions include the immediate implementation of providing developed residential lands and the launch of a platform to receive and process requests. Coordination with relevant authorities aims to expedite the announcement and follow-up of land offerings for real estate products at reasonable prices. The directives also stress transparency and clarity in the implementation of procedures and task relevant authorities with developing and monitoring the real estate market to prevent harmful practices. Furthermore, a study to regulate the relationship between landlords and tenants and balance the interests of all parties in the residential and commercial rental markets is underway to enhance the attractiveness of these markets.

### Q2: How is the tourism sector expected to contribute to the Saudi economy by 2034, and what initiatives are in place to support this growth?

The tourism sector in Saudi Arabia is projected to contribute 16% to the total Saudi economy by 2034, amounting to approximately $222.9 billion USD. This growth is also expected to create more than 3.6 million job opportunities across the kingdom, with one in five employees working in the tourism sector. To support this expansion, the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of Investment have partnered to support the Saudi Hotels and Hospitality Exhibition, which will take place in Riyadh. This exhibition aims to foster investment, development, and collaboration within the sector, providing a central platform for professionals and leaders to shape the future of tourism and hospitality in the kingdom. Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 targets attracting 150 million tourists and investing over $800 billion USD in the sector over the next decade, positioning the kingdom as a major global investment destination in tourism.

### Q3: What are the latest developments regarding the negotiations for the second phase of a ceasefire in Gaza?

Negotiations for the second phase of a ceasefire agreement in Gaza are reportedly stalled due to significant gaps between the two parties (Israel and Hamas) despite ongoing discussions with mediators. The main points of contention include Hamas’s demand for a clear timeline for the second phase, encompassing a full ceasefire and withdrawal of Israeli forces, which contrasts with Israel’s reluctance to commit to these terms at this stage. While discussions on proposed compromises, including an Israeli proposal, are ongoing, no tangible progress has been reported.

### Q4: What is the significance of the Eid al-Fitr celebrations highlighted in the article across different regions of Saudi Arabia?

The article emphasizes the widespread celebration of Eid al-Fitr across various regions of Saudi Arabia, showcasing the traditions, values, and social cohesion inherent in these festivities. In Riyadh, the focus is on the Crown Prince’s directives to improve the real estate market as an “Eid gift” to citizens. Regions like Qassim, Al-Baha, Al-Kharj, Rafha, Jazan, and Medina are depicted holding large celebrations with traditional customs, folk dances, and local cuisine, reflecting the joy and unity of the occasion. Taif recorded over 200,000 visitors to its Eid festivities. The article also highlights specific culinary traditions associated with Eid in the Hijaz region, such as “Halo Al-Humr” and the preparation of “Al-Hanith” in the southern region, underscoring the cultural richness of the celebrations.

### Q5: What are the potential consequences of the proposed US tariffs on imported vehicles, as discussed in the article?

The article outlines several potential negative consequences of proposed 25% tariffs on all vehicles manufactured outside the US. Experts and industry leaders fear these tariffs will lead to increased costs for consumers, suppliers, and car companies. It’s highlighted that no car is 100% American-made, meaning imported parts could be subject to the tariffs. If implemented, the tariffs could cause an average 10% inflation in car prices, increasing the average monthly car payment by $75 to $85. Long-term effects could include a “Cubanization” of the American car market, where people hold onto older vehicles for extended periods due to the high cost of new cars. The article emphasizes that the ultimate victim of these tariffs would be the consumer.

### Q6: What recent developments have occurred in the oil market, including the impact of potential tariffs and production adjustments?

The oil market is experiencing volatility influenced by factors such as potential US tariffs on oil imports (specifically targeting Iranian and Venezuelan oil, as well as entities related to China and Russia), drawdowns in fuel inventories, and OPEC+ production policies. Despite warnings from President Trump about potential tariffs on buyers of Russian crude oil if Moscow hinders efforts to end the war in Ukraine, oil prices have declined. Saudi Arabia is reportedly planning to lower crude oil prices for Asian buyers, following sharp declines in benchmark prices. Iran has also reduced the price of its light crude for Asian buyers. OPEC+’s decision on whether to continue voluntary production cuts will significantly impact the balance between supply and demand. Concerns about a potential global economic slowdown are also influencing market sentiment.

### Q7: What is the significance of the strategic partnership between the Saudi Ministries of Tourism and Investment, and what are the key features of the Saudi Hotels and Hospitality Exhibition?

The strategic partnership between the Saudi Ministries of Tourism and Investment aims to bolster the growth of the tourism and hospitality sectors in the kingdom. A key component of this collaboration is the Saudi Hotels and Hospitality Exhibition, scheduled to be held in Riyadh. This exhibition serves as a vital platform for networking, exploring opportunities, and forging deals among professionals and leaders in the tourism and hospitality industries, including investors, hotel companies, designers, and suppliers. It is expected to attract over 8,000 specialists and more than 250 exhibiting entities, along with over 60 expert speakers. The exhibition will also host the Hospitality Leaders Summit, focusing on the rapid growth in the Saudi hospitality sector, driven by mega-projects like the Red Sea Project, Amaala, Diriyah Gate, and NEOM. The event aims to provide momentum for the tourism and hospitality sectors, offering exceptional investment opportunities.

### Q8: What are the implications of the extended deadline for collecting fees on containers transported from Dammam port to Riyadh?

The “Mawani” (Saudi Ports Authority) has extended the deadline for collecting due fees on containers transported from King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam to the dry port in Riyadh via the Saudi Railway network. The new deadline is July 15, 2025, extended from April 15, 2025. This extension is part of the authority’s ongoing efforts to enhance the efficiency of operational processes, improve the level of services provided, and protect the rights of beneficiaries. The authority has emphasized the necessity for all cargo owners and customs brokers to continue with pre-registration through Mawani’s official website and to complete the required procedures, including invoice creation and payment. This extension and the emphasis on pre-registration likely aim to streamline the flow of goods, reduce congestion, and provide more flexibility for businesses involved in the import and transportation of goods through these key ports.

Riyadh Real Estate Market Stabilization Directives

The sources indicate a significant focus on the Saudi real estate market, particularly in Riyadh, stemming from directives issued by the Crown Prince. These directives are aimed at enhancing the stability of the real estate market.

Several key aspects of these directives and their anticipated impact are highlighted:

• Achieving Balance Between Supply and Demand: The directives are intended to achieve a balance between the supply and demand of real estate in Riyadh. This imbalance has been a long-standing issue in the sector.
• Providing Diverse and Affordable Housing: The goal is to offer a variety of real estate products at reasonable prices to meet the needs of both citizens and the private sector. This includes providing developed residential land.
• Immediate Implementation: The CEO of the Royal Commission for Riyadh City stated that they will immediately begin implementing the directives by providing developed residential lands and launching a platform to receive and process applications.
• Coordination and Monitoring: There will be coordination with relevant authorities to expedite the announcement of land availability and continuous monitoring of real estate market prices, with regular reports being submitted.
• Positive Economic Impact: The Minister of Economy and Planning emphasized that this regulatory intervention in the real estate market will positively impact other sectors and overall spending, thus benefiting the economy as a whole.
• Curbing Hoarding and Price Reduction: The initiatives are expected to curb the hoarding of undeveloped land (white land) and boost construction, which in turn is anticipated to lead to a decrease in real estate prices.
• Addressing Market Imbalances: The directives are a policy to provide an opportunity for the market to balance itself. If this balance is not achieved through market forces or time, intervention from the highest levels of authority is considered the optimal and quickest solution.
• Specific Measures: The directives encompass several key measures, including:
• Lifting the ban on vast areas of stopped land.
• Adjusting the white land fees system.
• Regulating the relationship between landlords and tenants.
• Monitoring real estate prices.
• Focus on Increased Supply: The primary goal of these measures in the current phase is to increase the supply of real estate to create a surplus over demand, thus ensuring prices remain reasonable and suitable housing options are available to citizens.
• Fair Pricing Based on Quality: Price increases should be driven by competition on the quality and features of services offered by developers or property owners, rather than exploitation of limited availability. The concept of “what’s available is only for those who can afford it” is explicitly rejected.
• Empowering Saudi Youth: These decisions are deeply rooted in a human dimension, with the empowerment of Saudi youth being a central goal.
• Contribution to Vision 2030 and Sustainable Development: These efforts are in line with the state’s commitment to providing a decent life for citizens, achieving sustainable development, and realizing the comprehensive vision for organizing the real estate market and providing suitable housing.
• Expected Positive Outcomes: The directives are expected to have significant positive impacts on the economy and society in general, and specifically in Riyadh, by regulating the market, ensuring housing availability, and enabling citizens to own their homes.
• Combating Monopoly: The initiatives also aim to combat the monopoly of real estate.

In conclusion, the Saudi government, under the direction of the Crown Prince, is actively intervening in the real estate market, particularly in Riyadh, through a series of measures designed to increase supply, balance supply and demand, stabilize prices, and provide affordable housing options for its citizens. These efforts are seen as crucial for economic stability, social well-being, and achieving the broader goals of Vision 2030.

Lebanon and Israel: Escalation and Response

The sources discuss recent incidents involving rocket launches from Lebanon towards Israel and subsequent Israeli responses.

Here’s a summary of the key points:

• Rocket Launches: The Lebanese General Security announced the arrest of suspected individuals following rocket launches towards Israeli territories. These launches occurred on March 22nd and 28th.
• Israeli Response: Following the rocket launches, Israel conducted shelling on the southern suburb of Beirut. Additionally, after two rockets were launched on a Friday, Israel carried out an airstrike targeting the southern suburb of Beirut. Israel claimed this location was used by Hezbollah to store missiles.
• Escalation and Ceasefire: These events are described as the most dangerous escalation since the declaration of a ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel in late November. The Israeli airstrike was reported as the first time Israel had struck Lebanese territory since this ceasefire.
• Lebanese Actions: The Lebanese General Security has intensified its intelligence operations to uncover those involved in the rocket launches. They have arrested a number of suspects and initiated investigations under the supervision of the competent judiciary to determine responsibilities and take appropriate legal measures.
• Hezbollah Involvement: While the sources don’t explicitly claim Hezbollah was behind the specific rocket launches in March, Israel’s targeting of a location allegedly used by Hezbollah suggests their continued involvement in the conflict dynamic. The prior ceasefire was also between Hezbollah and Israel.

In summary, the sources highlight a recent escalation in the ongoing tensions between Lebanon and Israel, marked by rocket fire from Lebanese territory and retaliatory strikes by Israel, including the first Israeli airstrike since the ceasefire with Hezbollah. The Lebanese authorities have responded by arresting suspects involved in the rocket launches.

Trump Administration Trade Tariffs and Implications

The sources discuss trade tariffs in the context of the Trump administration.

According to one source, Trump insisted that certain tariffs were permanent. However, the source argues that the practical reality suggests these tariffs cannot continue. This is primarily due to uncertainty regarding how the tariffs will be implemented.

The source specifically discusses the potential impact on the automotive industry:

• The tariffs are predicted to increase the cost of new cars by thousands of dollars because car manufacturers will likely be unable to absorb the entirety of the increased costs.
• The source deems the notion of moving the production of car parts to the United States unrealistic due to the significant financial investment (billions of dollars) and the lengthy time frame (at least three years) required to establish new manufacturing plants.
• The source suggests that even if the tariffs were to be revised or exemptions granted, the automotive sector might not fully recover.

Another source indicates that Trump warned during the week that he might impose secondary customs duties on oil purchases not from Russia. This threat was contingent on Russia not being open to efforts to establish a ceasefire with Ukraine. This suggests that Trump considered using tariffs beyond traditional trade disputes, potentially as a tool in international diplomacy.

In summary, the sources indicate that while the Trump administration implemented trade tariffs and insisted on their permanence, there were concerns about their practical sustainability and potential negative impacts, particularly on the automotive industry. Additionally, Trump also considered using tariffs as a potential leverage in foreign policy matters, such as the conflict in Ukraine.

Global Markets React to Trade Tariff Concerns and Recession Fears

Based on the sources, there have been notable movements in global stock markets, largely influenced by concerns surrounding potential trade tariffs from the Trump administration and growing fears of a potential economic recession in the United States.

Here’s a breakdown of the key observations:

• Decline in Multiple Markets: The European Stoxx 600 index experienced a decline, reaching its lowest level in nearly eight weeks. Similarly, major stock indexes in Frankfurt, London, and Paris also saw decreases. In the United States, S&P 500 and Nasdaq futures also fell. Asian markets were not immune, with the Nikkei index in Japan suffering a sharp drop.
• Link to Trump’s Trade Policies: These declines in stock markets are attributed, in part, to the potential imposition of new trade tariffs by former US President Donald Trump. Specifically, concerns about tariffs on cars were noted as impacting shares of car manufacturers. As we discussed previously, the uncertainty and potential cost increases associated with these tariffs are likely contributing to investor anxiety.
• Fears of Economic Slowdown: The sources also indicate increasing concerns about a potential economic recession in the United States, exacerbated by the anticipated effects of Trump’s tariffs. Goldman Sachs reportedly increased its probability forecast for a recession in the coming twelve months. These recession fears further dampen investor sentiment and contribute to stock market declines.
• Investor Strategy: In response to this uncertainty, investors appear to be betting on a slowdown in trade and economic growth. There’s an anticipation that inflation might exceed temporary gains, potentially leading the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates.
• Safe-Haven Assets: Amidst the stock market volatility, gold prices surged, with the spot price of gold and US gold futures both experiencing significant increases. Gold is traditionally seen as a safe-haven asset during times of political and economic uncertainty. As one analyst noted, “increasing levels of concern in the markets ahead of reciprocal US tariff announcements” are keeping demand for gold high as a safe haven.
• Bond Market Activity: The sources also mention a drop in US Treasury bond yields and German bund yields, which can sometimes be indicative of investors seeking safer assets during periods of economic uncertainty.

In summary, the recent performance of global stock markets, as described in the sources, reflects a cautious and somewhat negative sentiment among investors. This appears to be driven by the looming threat and potential impact of trade tariffs, particularly those linked to the Trump administration, coupled with growing worries about a possible economic slowdown in the US. This environment has also led to increased interest in safe-haven assets like gold. As we discussed previously, the potential for significant cost increases and disruptions in sectors like the automotive industry due to tariffs likely contribute to this market apprehension.

Gaza: Ongoing Conflict, Casualties, and Stalled Negotiations

The sources provide a grim picture of the aftermath of conflict in Gaza, characterized by ongoing violence, loss of life, and a lack of a stable resolution.

Here are the key points regarding the situation in Gaza based on the provided sources:

• Continued Military Activity and Casualties: The sources detail numerous incidents of Israeli military actions within Gaza after periods of conflict. These actions include shelling and airstrikes in areas like Rafah, Khan Younis, and Gaza City. These actions have resulted in significant Palestinian casualties, including civilians and medical personnel.
• One report details a “horrific massacre” in Rafah, where 15 members of rescue teams were killed by Israeli forces after an eight-day communication blackout. Among those killed was a staff member of UNRWA.
• Another incident reports the killing of eight paramedics of the Palestinian Red Crescent in Rafah due to Israeli shelling while they were trying to provide aid to the injured. One paramedic remained missing at the time of the report.
• The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates and the Moroccan Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the killing of the paramedics as a “war crime” that necessitates international accountability. They stated that this act, along with other actions, falls under a war of genocide and forced displacement against the Palestinian people.
• Israeli shelling also reportedly targeted a civilian car in the west of Gaza City and a house in the Al-Shujaiya neighborhood, resulting in further casualties.
• Ongoing Negotiations and Disagreements: Despite the ongoing violence, there are reports of indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas regarding a potential agreement. However, significant points of disagreement remain, hindering progress.
• Key areas of contention include Israel’s refusal to begin discussing the second phase of an agreement and a ceasefire before it starts.
• Hamas is demanding a clear timeline for the second phase and a permanent ceasefire, along with the release of a large number of Palestinian prisoners.
• Hamas also insists on a full withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Gaza Strip and clear international guarantees against the resumption of fighting, conditions that Israel rejects.
• Israeli Perspective on Hamas: An Israeli official close to Prime Minister Netanyahu stated that they are observing changes in Hamas’s position as a result of military pressure and that Hamas has begun to show “signs of retreat”.

In summary, the aftermath of conflict in Gaza, as depicted in the sources, is marked by continued violence and casualties attributed to Israeli military actions. Simultaneously, indirect negotiations for a potential agreement are underway, but significant disagreements between Israel and Hamas persist regarding key issues such as a ceasefire, troop withdrawal, and prisoner release. The international community and Palestinian authorities strongly condemn the loss of civilian and humanitarian lives.

Main Headings

• توجيهات ولي العهد تعزز استقرار السوق العقاري The Crown Prince’s directives enhance the stability of the real estate market.
• إسهام قطاع السياحة في الاقتصاد السعودي % 16بحلول 2034 The tourism sector’s contribution to the Saudi economy is expected to reach 16% by 2034.
• الشرع: تاريخ جديد لسورية وأمامنا طريق طويل وشاق Al-Sharaa: A new history for Syria, and we have a long and arduous road ahead of us.
• فرحة أهالي الرياض خالد الربيش The joy of the people of Riyadh, Khaled Al-Rabish
• فرنسا: إدانة زعيمة اليمين المتطرف بالفساد France: Far-right leader convicted of corruption
• لبنان يوقف مشتبهين بعد إطلاق صواريخ على (إسرائيل) Lebanon arrests suspects after rockets fired at Israel
• تعرقل المفاوضات حول المرحلة الثانية في غزة Negotiations on the second phase in Gaza are hindered.
• فيصل بن مشعل يرعى احتفالات القصيم Faisal bin Mishaal sponsors Qassim celebrations
• أمير حائل يعــايـــد أيتام رفاق Prince of Hail congratulates the orphans of Rafakab
• نائب أمير الرياض يعزي رياض العتيبي Deputy Emir of Riyadh offers condolences to Riyadh Al-Otaibi
• محافظ الخرج يرعى حفل الأهالي Al-Kharj Governor sponsors the residents’ celebration
• أهالي الباحة يحتفلون بعيد الفطر Al Baha residents celebrate Eid al-Fitr
• العيد في المدينة المنورة.. عادات أصيلة وذكريات متوارثة Eid in Medina: Authentic customs and inherited memories
• المعالم الأثرية تجذب الأهالي والمقيمين في عيد الأحساء Archaeological landmarks attract locals and residents during Al-Ahsa Eid
• عيد جازان.. عادات عريقة Jazan Eid… ancient customs
• أهالي رفحاء يحتفلون في أجواء من الفرح والبهجة Rafha residents celebrate in an atmosphere of joy and happiness.
• فعاليات عيد الطائف تجذب 200ألف زائر Taif Eid events attract 200,000 visitors
• الألعاب النارية تعانق سماء المملكة Fireworks take over the Kingdom’s sky
• الجوازات تحتفل مع المسافرين بعيد الفطر Passports celebrate Eid al-Fitr with travelers
• الخواضة.. موروث شعبي يزين موائد العيد Al-Khawada: a popular heritage that decorates Eid tables
• المطازيز.. أكلة شعبية تشتهر في القصيم Matazeez: a popular dish in Qassim
• الحـنيـذ.. عــبق الجــنوب Al-Haneeth…the fragrance of the south
• القرص.. مذاق سعودي يعكس تنوع المناطق The disc… a Saudi flavor that reflects the diversity of the regions
• حلاو الحمر نكهة الأعياد الحجازية Halawa Al Hamar, the flavor of Hijazi holidays
• تنظيم محطات الطرق بمكة يستوعب «نفرة» المعتمرين والمعتكفين The organization of bus stations in Mecca accommodates the influx of pilgrims and those performing I’tikaf.
• صناعة السيارات.. رحلة إلى المجهول The automotive industry… a journey into the unknown
• تمديد تحصيل الأجور على الحاويات المنقولة من ميناء الدمام إلى الرياض Extension of fee collection for containers transported from Dammam Port to Riyadh
• 222 مليون دولار إسهام قطاع السياحة بالاقتصاد السعودي بحلول The tourism sector’s contribution to the Saudi economy will reach $222 million by 2020.
• النفط يتراجع رغم تحذيرات الرسوم الجمركية على مشتري الخام الروسي Oil falls despite tariff warnings on Russian crude buyers
• المملكة تتجه إلى خفض أسعار خامها للمشترين الآسيويين The Kingdom is moving to reduce the prices of its crude oil for Asian buyers.
• هيمنة مخاطر العرض على أسواق النفط Supply risks dominate oil markets
• الذهب يسجل أعلى مستوى قياسي مع تفاقم الرسوم الجمركية.. والأسهم العالمية تنخفض Gold hits record high as tariffs escalate, global stocks fall
• ليلة َ دامية في قطاع غزة.. والاحتلال يصدر أوامر إخلاء جديدة A bloody night in the Gaza Strip… and the occupation issues new evacuation orders.
• مجزرة مروعة بحق طواقم الإنقاذ في رفح.. والخارجية الفلسطينية: جريمة حرب A horrific massacre against rescue crews in Rafah… and the Palestinian Foreign Ministry: A war crime.
• الشرع: رفضنا المحاصصة في تشكيل الحكومة السورية Al-Sharaa: We reject quotas in forming the Syrian government.
• لبنان: توقيف مشتبهين بعد إطلاق صواريخ باتجاه إسرائيل Lebanon: Suspects Arrested After Launching Rockets Towards Israel
• إيران تتوعد بتوجيه «ضربة شديدة» لمن يهاجمها Iran vows to deliver a “severe blow” to anyone who attacks it.
• الجيش الصومالي يدمر مخابئ حركة الشباب Somali army destroys Al-Shabaab hideouts
• القضاء الفرنسي يدين لوبان زعيمة اليمين المتطرف بالفساد French judiciary convicts far-right leader Le Pen of corruption
• سوريون يحتفلون بـ «عيد الأعياد» بعد إطاحة الأسد Syrians celebrate Eid al-Adha after Assad’s ouster
• بريطانيا تدعو المجتمع الدولي إلى التعاون للقضاء على مهربي البشر Britain calls on the international community to cooperate to eliminate human traffickers.
• سباق صيني أميركي لإنتاج الشرائح الدماغية.. ً وصولا إلى التجارب البشرية A Chinese-American race to produce brain chips… leading to human trials
• الدراما في مرحلة الإنتاج الموسمي. Drama in seasonal production.
• شارع الأعشى» و«يوميات رجل عازب..» من قلم الرواية لأرقام الشاشة “Al-A’sha Street” and “Diary of a Single Man” from the novelist’s pen to the screen
• إلهام علي.. نجومية متفردة رغم أخطاء المدققين Ilham Ali: Unique stardom despite proofreaders’ errors
• لام شمسية» دراما تخلع القناع عن الخطر الأقرب “Lam Shamsya” is a drama that unveils the closest danger.
• الجسمي يتعدى المليار مشاهدة في «اتكلم كل يوم يومين» Al Jasmi’s “I Talk Every Day Two Days” surpasses one billion views
• ضبط أسعار العقارات في الرياض Regulating real estate prices in Riyadh
• مكافحة..» احتكار العقارات Combating real estate monopoly
• شؤون عادل الحربي مواعيدنا التي «بعد العيد! Adel Al-Harbi’s Affairs Our appointments after Eid!
• بصائر: فهد الأحمري كيف يساهم رمضان في جودة الحياة؟ Insights: Fahd Al-Ahmari: How does Ramadan contribute to quality of life?
• التعامل مع الأفكار الجديدة Dealing with new ideas
• مطلق النفيسة.. رحمه الله Mutlaq Al-Nafisa.. May God have mercy on him
• على العهد.. إلى الأبد On the covenant… forever
• البحـث ومصداقيـة البـاحــث Research and researcher credibility
• الإرجاف والإرهاب وجهان لعملة واحدة Fearmongering and terrorism are two sides of the same coin.
• فلسفة العيد Philosophy of Eid
• فن المزج بين الجمال والوظيفة The art of combining beauty and function
• كلاسيكو العيد يجمع الليث بالعميد The Eid classic brings together Al-Leith and Al-Ameed
• بدون مقدمات: العيد عيدك يا عميد. هتان النجار Without further ado: Eid is your Eid, Dean. Hattan Al-Najjar
• الاتحاد ينهي تحضيراته للشباب وغياب بيرجوين Al-Ittihad completes preparations for the youth team, with Bergwijn absent
• الهلال يعاود تدريباته: وكانسيلو يسابق الوقت للعودة Al-Hilal resumes training: Cancelo is racing against time to return
• القرعة الآسيـوية : عبدالعزيز فهد الفهد Asian draw: Abdulaziz Fahad Al-Fahad
• أنشيلوتي: مبابي سيصبح «أسطورة» في ريال مدريد Ancelotti: Mbappé will become a “legend” at Real Madrid
• الجوير» الحاضر والمستقبل Al-Juwair: Present and Future
• مصيـر «الأخضر» لم يعد في ملعبـه The fate of the “Green” team is no longer in its own court
• الحارس أكثر من نصف الفريق The goalkeeper is more than half of the team.
• الموهبة لا تحتاج إلى فرصة Talent doesn’t need opportunity.
• أكثر من ٍ 122مليون قاصد للحرمين الشريفين في شهر رمضان More than 122 million pilgrims visit the Two Holy Mosques during the month of Ramadan.
• أملج تحتفي بعيد الفطر على أهازيج الفنون البحرية Umluj celebrates Eid al-Fitr with marine arts chants
• العرضة» تتصدر احتفالات الباحة “Al-Ardah” tops Al-Baha celebrations

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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