These Arabic news articles primarily focus on the successful management of the Hajj season in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the extensive efforts and integrated systems employed by the government to ensure a safe and seamless experience for pilgrims from around the globe. Multiple pieces emphasize the leadership’s direct involvement and the role of technology and a large workforce in achieving these positive results. Another significant theme is the gratitude expressed by Palestinian pilgrims for the exceptional care and hospitality they received under a special program. Beyond the Hajj, the sources also cover economic news, including a rise in the industrial production index, and a detailed piece discussing Saudi Arabia’s strategic embrace of the circular economy for sustainable growth and resource management.

Saudi Arabia’s Hajj Management Success

Based on the provided sources, the Hajj season is consistently described as a significant success, achieved through continuous and integrated efforts. This success is portrayed not merely through numbers but as a reflection of professionalism, human capability, and unwavering determination that has transformed the Holy Sites into a global model in crowd management and dealing with millions efficiently and humanely. Experts in crisis management consider Hajj season crowd management the largest and most complex task globally, and Saudi Arabia is recognized as a global leader in this field, demonstrating its ability to handle immense challenges with peace, security, and unparalleled success.

The success of the Hajj season is attributed to a multi-integrated work system, driven by direct guidance and oversight from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and the Crown Prince. This reflects the leadership’s deep commitment to serving the Two Holy Mosques and their visitors, considering it a peerless honor and a great responsibility. The efforts align with the ambitious goals of Vision 2030, aiming to provide an eternal faith journey of peace, reassurance, and ease.

Several key factors and initiatives contributed to this success:

• Comprehensive Service Plan: The efforts embody the goals of Vision 2030 by implementing the largest comprehensive service plan in Hajj history. This involves a wide range of ministries and entities working together in a coordinated manner, with over 94,000 to 350,000 individuals participating in the Hajj system.
• “No Hajj Without a Permit” Campaign: This campaign was a significant factor in reducing violations, limiting crowding, improving movement flow, and reducing jostling, which raised the quality of the faith experience for pilgrims. The strict and precise implementation of this decision was described as a fundamental pillar for discipline and adherence to procedures leading to the witnessed success.
• Advanced Technology Adoption: The Kingdom leveraged advanced technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and smart platforms to manage crowds, enhance security, and improve pilgrim services. This included smart flow strategies based on real-time data, remote monitoring of rituals, the use of drones for transporting medical supplies, and technical readiness enhancements at ports by SDAIA.
• Digital Services & Apps: Applications like “Nusuk” provided over 30 digital services, including an AI assistant for guidance and support, utilizing a smart card for enhanced field safety and quick access to pilgrim data. The “Nusuk Care” initiative provided extensive direct support services. The “Tawakkalna” application facilitated pilgrims’ access to permits, certificates, location information, emergency services, and spiritual tools, contributing to ease and convenience.
• Robust Security and Health Systems: A state of continuous alert was maintained to ensure the security and safety of millions. Over 120,000 security personnel and support teams were deployed, supported by monitoring cameras and AI analysis. Health preparations were based on the highest preventive and curative standards, with equipped hospitals, a large number of health practitioners, ambulances, and air evacuation capabilities ensuring immediate response to emergencies. Services for the elderly and disabled, including equipped transport and mobile clinics, were also highlighted.
• Infrastructure Development: Continuous investment in developing infrastructure at the Holy Sites, such as the Mashair train, vast plazas, tunnels, bridges, and umbrellas, facilitated pilgrim movement and provided comfortable environments.
• The “Mecca Road” Initiative: This initiative served pilgrims starting from their countries, contributing to a smoother journey.
• Volunteerism: A significant number of volunteers participated in serving pilgrims across various locations and roles, supporting government efforts and contributing to the exceptional experience.
• Warm Hospitality and Care: Pilgrims consistently received generous hospitality, care, and attention from arrival to departure. This included providing their needs and offering gifts like copies of the Holy Quran.

Pilgrims from various countries, including Palestine, Jordan, India, Mali, and Turkey, expressed their profound gratitude for the services and care received, describing them as being at the highest level of professionalism and humanity. Some called the efforts for pilgrim comfort and care “rare human work”, feeling like they were among family. The level of organization and services sometimes surpassed expectations, changing preconceived notions about the journey’s difficulty.

External observers, including diplomats and the National Society for Human Rights, praised the distinguished organizational success and the significant efforts made. International organizations like the UN and WHO have also lauded Saudi Arabia’s efforts, considering its annual successful management of crowds of this size and diversity as a “global model in planning and execution”.

The success is also presented as a result of accumulated experience over decades and a readiness to manage unexpected crises, citing the successful management of the COVID-19 pandemic during Hajj seasons as proof of the Kingdom’s capability and leadership. The government’s work methodology, with officials in the field overseeing operations directly, is highlighted as a reflection of a unique administrative culture and the dedication involved in serving pilgrims.

In essence, the sources emphasize that the Hajj season’s success is a testament to Saudi Arabia’s unwavering commitment, comprehensive planning, integration of human and technological resources, and the deep sense of honor and duty associated with serving the guests of Rahman.

Saudi Arabia Economic Growth Drivers and Indicators

Based on the provided sources, information related to economic growth in Saudi Arabia can be found in discussions about specific economic indicators and strategic initiatives aligned with Vision 2030.

Several sources highlight the rise in the Industrial Production Index (IPI). In April 2025, the overall IPI recorded a rise of 3.1% compared to April 2024. Breaking this down, the IPI for the Mining and Quarrying sub-activity saw a rise of 0.2% on a yearly basis, while the IPI for the Manufacturing Industry sub-activity increased significantly by 7.4%. The IPI for Oil activities rose by 4.3% in April 2025 compared to the same month the previous year, whereas the IPI for Non-oil activities rose by 0.1%. The sources explain that the General Authority for Statistics issues the IPI monthly to measure relative changes in the quantities of industrial production, based on a survey of selected establishments in targeted industrial sectors including Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing Industry, Electricity and Gas Supply, and Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities.

The sources also discuss the Circular Economy concept as a potential driver for significant economic growth. This concept is presented as a key player capable of adding billions of riyals to the GDP and creating thousands of new job opportunities. It is highlighted as a strategic necessity for Saudi Arabia, aligning completely with the economic diversification goals of Vision 2030. The Circular Economy aims to transform what was previously considered waste into a real added value within the economy, thereby reducing reliance on importing raw materials and enhancing the Kingdom’s economic security. It represents a smart investment in resource efficiency. Specific opportunities within this framework include the vast potential for recycling waste like plastics and metals into raw materials for industry. Converting waste to energy is also seen as a promising opportunity. Applying circular thinking to the construction and building sector is mentioned, where recycling demolition and construction waste can produce new building materials, reducing the cost of raw materials and transportation/disposal costs. In water and agriculture, treating wastewater and converting agricultural waste into organic fertilizers or biogas are highlighted. The sources note that Saudi Arabia is witnessing promising initiatives in this area, including efforts to establish partnerships for waste-to-energy plants and dedicated industrial zones specializing in resource and waste management, positioning the Kingdom as a potential regional and global leader. This is considered essential for achieving Vision 2030 goals for a more sustainable, less resource-dependent, and resilient future.

Furthermore, Sports Development is discussed as a pillar of social and economic development within the framework of Vision 2030. This involves the leadership’s significant interest and investment in developing sports infrastructure. It also includes working on attracting distinguished technical and administrative expertise and global talent (coaches, consultants, players) in various sports specialties with the goal of transferring knowledge and developing Saudi talents. Hosting numerous international sports competitions and events is also part of this effort. The privatization of Saudi clubs is mentioned as being part of the national transformation project within Vision 2030, aiming to make the sector more professional and sustainable. The investment in teams like Neom is given as an example of building a team designed for competition from the start, utilizing a mix of international and local talent supported by high-level technical and administrative staff. Al Hilal’s participation in the Club World Cup is presented as a reflection of the significant development in Saudi football, showcasing infrastructure, administrative, and technical professionalism.

Regarding external economic factors, the sources mention the stability of gold prices, the rise in global stock markets, and the increase in oil prices, linking these movements partly to the ongoing US-China trade talks and a potential easing of tensions, which could improve economic outlook and demand for commodities like oil.

The success of the Hajj season is extensively discussed as a major achievement reflecting efficient management, organization, and service for millions of pilgrims, aligned with Vision 2030 goals of providing an eternal faith journey of peace, reassurance, and ease. While this immense logistical undertaking undoubtedly has economic dimensions (infrastructure, services, etc.), the sources primarily focus on the management and service aspects rather than quantifying its direct contribution to overall economic growth.

Other topics covered in the sources, such as the global food and nutrition crisis and certain aspects of the tourism experience related to waiting times and infrastructure, are discussed but are not directly presented as indicators or drivers of overall economic growth in Saudi Arabia within these texts.

Obstacles to Aid Delivery in Crisis Zones

Based on the provided sources, discussing aid delivery challenges highlights significant difficulties, particularly in conflict zones and within the context of a global food and nutrition crisis.

Challenges in Conflict Zones (specifically citing the situation in Gaza):

• Targeting of Aid Seekers and Distribution Centers: Civilians attempting to access aid at distribution points, such as those near the “Natzerim” axis in Gaza, have been shot by occupation forces. Numerous individuals waiting for aid have been killed or injured. Aid distribution sites near the “Natzerim” axis have reportedly become “traps for death”. A specific foundation (“Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF)”) is accused by the governmental media office in Gaza of participating in a crime by targeting civilians using aid as “bait”. This organization, allegedly supported by occupation forces, is blamed for the death and injury of hundreds of civilians attempting to reach food parcels.
• Impeding Humanitarian Workers: Medical service personnel attempting to rescue injured individuals have been killed by occupation forces while performing their humanitarian duties. This targeting of ambulance staff occurs despite international laws designed to guarantee their protection during conflicts. Calls are made for international investigations and protection for medical teams.
• Blockading and Confiscating Aid: International activists attempting to deliver aid to Gaza via sea (“Freedom Flotilla”) have been intercepted, and their cargo has been seized by occupation authorities, preventing it from reaching the besieged population.
• Forced Displacement and Starvation: The occupation army continues to forcibly displace residents, including from areas near where aid is available, contributing to hunger and starvation among the population.
• Impact on Infrastructure and Information Flow: The extensive bombing and destruction of educational institutions and the targeting of journalists also indirectly impede aid efforts by destroying infrastructure and limiting reporting on the humanitarian crisis and challenges.

Challenges within the Global Food and Nutrition Crisis:

• Persistence of Hunger and Malnutrition: Despite technological and economic advancements, the world continues to suffer from a significant food and nutrition crisis, leading to severe health damage and millions of deaths. Hunger and malnutrition remain urgent issues requiring immediate solutions.
• Health Consequences: Malnutrition contributes to chronic diseases like heart conditions and diabetes and directly increases rates of early death. Deficiencies in essential nutrients weaken the immune system, making people, particularly in developing communities, highly vulnerable to infectious diseases.
• Impact on Children: Malnutrition leads to stunted mental and physical growth in children, affecting brain development and causing declines in learning and cognitive abilities. The effects can be long-lasting, resulting in health problems throughout life, higher mortality rates, and increased future vulnerability to unemployment and economic disability.
• Poverty as a Core Issue: The sources emphasize an undeniable link between poverty and malnutrition, stating that impoverished populations are the most vulnerable to the crisis’s devastating effects. Over 30% of the world’s population is estimated to live below the poverty line and is likely trapped in a cycle of food poverty, unable to afford sufficient food.
• Need for Comprehensive Strategies: Addressing food deficiency and malnutrition requires a comprehensive strategy focused on improving food security. This includes increasing resources, developing fair food distribution networks to reach the poorest areas, supporting sustainable agriculture, diversifying crops, and raising awareness about proper nutrition.
• Integration with Healthcare: Improving access to healthcare services and strengthening therapeutic feeding programs, especially for vulnerable groups, is a necessary part of the strategy.
• International Cooperation: Joint international efforts, innovative strategies, and cooperation between developed and developing countries through development partnerships are needed to provide technical and material support in agriculture and health sectors to find practical solutions. The continuation of this “injustice” is questioned in a world with seemingly sufficient resources.

Praise for Saudi Hajj Management and Humanitarian Services

Based on the provided sources, humanitarian efforts are extensively praised, particularly in the context of the Hajj season in Saudi Arabia.

The successful management and execution of the Hajj season are consistently highlighted as a significant achievement resulting from integrated work systems and continuous commitment. This success is presented as a demonstration of the Kingdom’s ability to manage large crowds and provide a safe, easy, and reassuring pilgrimage experience. The efforts are described as a reflection of administrative professionalism and human capability. The Kingdom’s leadership’s deep interest and investment in serving the guests of Rahman are emphasized.

Specific praise comes from various groups:

• Pilgrims: Pilgrims from Palestine expressed their deep gratitude and appreciation for the hospitality and high quality of services that facilitated their Hajj. They described the care they received as a “rare humanitarian act”. A pilgrim from Palestine specifically called the efforts to provide comfort and care for pilgrims a “giant integrated effort, and a unique model in crowd management and humanitarian service”. Pilgrims from Jordan praised the high level of professionalism and humanity in the services they received. Pilgrims from other nationalities also expressed their happiness with the comfortable accommodation, organized transport, and integrated healthcare provided. One pilgrim from Turkey noted that the meticulous organization and high-quality services were a result of the wise leadership’s significant attention to the guests of Rahman. Pilgrims receiving the gift of the Holy Quran expressed their immense gratitude for this gesture, seeing it as a reflection of the leadership’s care for the Holy Quran.
• Saudi Officials: Various Saudi officials, including governors and heads of authorities, praised the efforts of the entities working at different ports (Taif, Eastern Region, Al Jouf) to facilitate the arrival and departure of pilgrims. The Director General of Passports highlighted the readiness of human and technical capabilities to ease departure procedures. The Governor of Medina Region conveyed the King and Crown Prince’s greetings and appreciation to the security personnel and participating entities for their sincere efforts in maintaining security and tranquility in the Prophet’s Mosque. The Crown Prince affirmed that the continuous success in serving the guests of Rahman is a result of the Kingdom’s blessed efforts and the continuous work of employees and volunteers from various sectors. He stressed that serving pilgrims is a “great duty”.
• National Society for Human Rights: The National Society for Human Rights commended the great efforts in organizing the Hajj season 1446H, praising the notable successes achieved through the integrated management system and the provided services. They specifically lauded the accuracy of organization and the integration of performance among relevant entities. The society praised the effective use of modern technologies and artificial intelligence, including smartphone applications for guidance, field assistance, and rapid response in emergencies. They also noted the provision of electronic cards and free Wi-Fi in gathering areas. The society highlighted the services offered to the elderly and people with disabilities, such as accessible transport, equipped clinics, cooling techniques on paths, and flexible routes for pedestrians, which enhanced the comfort and safety of pilgrims. The head of the society emphasized that the achievements reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to protecting the rights, dignity, safety, and security of pilgrims.
• International Organizations: The sources note that international organizations, including the United Nations and the World Health Organization, have praised the Kingdom’s efforts in organizing Hajj, considering Saudi Arabia’s annual management of crowds of this size and diversity a “global model in planning and execution”. The Kingdom is considered a global leader in crowd management, particularly during the annual Hajj season. Its accumulated experience and strategies in Hajj management are described as a leading global model.

Specific efforts and services that were praised or highlighted for their success include:

• The “No Hajj Without a Permit” campaign, which effectively reduced violations and overcrowding, leading to smoother movement and an improved spiritual experience.
• The integrated operational system involving over 94,000 individuals working across various locations to enhance service quality.
• The reliance on collaborative institutional work between government entities, combining human capabilities with modern technology.
• Extensive field monitoring and inspection tours (over 70,000) to ensure service providers comply with operational standards.
• Providing awareness materials in multiple languages to enhance pilgrim awareness.
• The role of the “Nusuk” application in offering over 30 digital services, including an AI-powered guide and a smart card for safety and quick data access.
• The “Nusuk Care” initiative providing direct humanitarian, psychological, and linguistic support.
• The active participation of over 3,000 volunteers supporting government efforts.
• The deployment of a large number of security and support personnel (over 120,000) and the use of advanced surveillance technologies like over 6,000 cameras and AI analysis for crowd management.
• Comprehensive health preparations, including equipped hospitals, a large number of health practitioners, and rapid response capabilities using ambulances and air evacuation.
• The use of modern technology like drones for delivering medical supplies quickly.
• Ensuring the quality and safety of meals, with over 25 million meals provided.
• Implementing smart crowd management strategies based on real-time data and pedestrian movement.
• Utilizing the Masha’er train and high-efficiency transport means.
• The provision of digital guidance applications to assist pilgrims with navigation and communication.
• Efficient departure procedures at airports and land ports, supported by technology. The use of AI and technical support by “SDAIA” at ports is specifically mentioned.
• The “Tawakkalna” application’s suite of services for pilgrims, including permits, certificates, and essential information, available in 7 languages and integrated with pilgrim data via QR codes for easy verification and assistance.
• The extensive services at the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, such as the massive smart air conditioning system maintaining comfortable temperatures, misting fans, and movable domes, all aimed at providing a conducive environment for worshippers.
• The distribution of copies of the Holy Quran in multiple languages by the King Salman Complex.

Overall, the sources indicate widespread praise for the comprehensive, technologically advanced, and human-centered efforts undertaken by Saudi Arabia in managing the Hajj, viewing them as a successful model of humanitarian service and crowd management on a global scale.

Palestinian Pilgrim Gratitude for Hajj Care

Based on the provided sources, the humanitarian efforts and care provided to Palestinian pilgrims during the Hajj season have been significantly praised.

Palestinian pilgrims participating in the “Guests of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques for Hajj and Umrah” program, supervised by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Call and Guidance, expressed their “deep gratitude and appreciation” for the hospitality and high quality of services that facilitated their Hajj with ease and comfort. The program is noted for having a “significant impact” in alleviating the tragedies faced by martyrs’ families and prisoners, representing an unforgettable memory for them.

Upon their arrival in Medina after completing the Hajj rituals, pilgrims from Palestine conveyed their happiness at having completed the rites. They described the “hospitality of their reception and the generosity of their hosting” from the moment they arrived in the Kingdom, throughout their accommodation and movement between Mecca and Medina.

Pilgrims found “psychological comfort” which helped alleviate the hardships of the war and aggression they face in their homeland. One pilgrim from Palestine specifically called the efforts made for the comfort and care of pilgrims, and the provision of services and means for their care, a “rare humanitarian act”. Another pilgrim from Palestine described the services and care as a “giant integrated effort, and a unique model in crowd management and humanitarian service”.

Pilgrims expressed their immense thanks and appreciation to the Kingdom’s leadership (the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince) for the care and services they received, noting that this embodies the keenness and full attention to serving guests of Rahman in general, and Palestinian pilgrims in particular. They also extended their gratitude to all those working in the Hajj sectors and everyone who contributed to this noble work. They specifically highlighted the high level of “professionalism and humanity” in the services they received.

Services praised by pilgrims included comfortable accommodation, organized transport, integrated healthcare, and organized procedures. One pilgrim noted that the meticulous organization and high-quality services were a result of the wise leadership’s significant attention to the guests of Rahman.

The distribution of copies of the Holy Quran as a gift from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques is also a service provided to departing pilgrims at various ports, which would include Palestinian pilgrims leaving through those points. This gesture is seen as reflecting the leadership’s care for the Holy Quran and their commitment to honoring pilgrims.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These news articles from a Saudi Arabian newspaper highlight several key themes. Firstly, they emphasize the successful organization and management of the Hajj pilgrimage for the year 1446 AH, detailing the logistical, technological, and collaborative efforts involved. Secondly, they discuss developments in the Saudi economy, focusing on the growth of e-commerce and the strategic management of oil production and exports. Thirdly, the articles report on geopolitical events and regional conflicts, particularly regarding the humanitarian situation in Gaza and incidents in other countries. Finally, there is coverage of local cultural events and sports, including a reality show and updates on Saudi football teams.

Pilgrimage Transformed: Vision 2030 Hajj Management Success

Based on the sources provided, the management of the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, particularly for the year 1446H, is highlighted as an extraordinary success. This success is attributed to a culmination of accumulated work, infrastructure development, studied planning, and unprecedented modernization efforts as part of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. Hajj and Umrah have become one of the most important sectors undergoing modernization.

Key aspects of Hajj management discussed in the sources include:

• Transformation to an Integrated System: The Hajj experience has transformed from merely performing rituals into an integrated system covering logistics, digitalization, security, health, smart transportation, and a sustainable environment. This comprehensive approach embraces a complete faith and human experience.
• Leadership Oversight: The integrated effort is facilitated by the wise leadership’s exceptional attention to Hajj and dedication of all capabilities to serve the Guests of the الرحمن. There was detailed follow-up by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince. Various Gulf leaders congratulated the Saudi leadership on the success of Hajj management, praising the great efforts and generous care provided.
• Advanced Infrastructure and Services: The Kingdom provided an advanced network of transportation, including buses and trains, integrated and highly ready health facilities, and security coordination involving thousands of workers and volunteers. Preparations in Medina after Hajj include preparing the Prophet’s Mosque facilities, providing Zamzam water, setting up cooling umbrellas, and organizing movement.
• Technology and Digitalization: Artificial Intelligence (AI) was used in organizing crowds and analyzing data in real-time, contributing to rapid response and avoiding bottlenecks. Digital platforms are a core component, with over 1.6 million pilgrims benefiting from STC’s advanced network. STC provided critical communication services, cybersecurity, and managed Wi-Fi solutions, contributing to rapid field response and efficient crowd management. AI facilitated over 14,000 technical procedures per hour, demonstrating significant growth in technical operations. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah utilizes a tracking and control center that monitors pilgrim movement, congestion, and analyzes data in real-time to issue guidance and improve response efficiency. This center represents the digital transformation in Hajj management.
• Security and Safety: Strict regulatory policies were enforced, preventing over 269,000 individuals without Hajj permits from entering to protect security and public safety. Security forces dedicated all capabilities to ensure the safety and security of the Guests of the الرحمن. Police forces are involved in securing areas and assisting pilgrims. The security sector demonstrated a precise human face, managing violations without spectacle and ensuring pilgrim safety without disruption. Measures like checking pilgrim identity electronically using fingerprints at service centers and hospitals were implemented.
• Crowd and Movement Management: AI-powered predictive analysis helped in enhancing data distribution and load balancing. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah’s control center integrates systems related to Hajj, including transport and movement management, providing a comprehensive view of the pilgrim’s journey. This integration helped reduce waiting times at air entry points to less than 40 minutes. Smart systems for collective transport are employed, ensuring that each pilgrim’s journey follows a precise schedule.
• Focus on Pilgrim Experience: The management focuses on embracing a comprehensive faith and human experience. The success is not merely in the number of pilgrims served but in the spiritual experience created for each individual. Pilgrims expressed deep feelings, including gratitude for the comprehensive services and the atmosphere of security and tranquility. Saudi cadres with high qualifications participate in serving pilgrims. The goal is to provide a comfortable, safe, and organized environment enabling pilgrims to perform their rituals with ease and tranquility.
• National Mission and Continuous Improvement: Hajj management is viewed as a national mission where everyone participates without exception. It is a strategic objective rooted in the Kingdom’s foundation, linked to the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. The historical experience in Hajj management has led to accumulated expertise and a continuous system that automatically forms with each Hajj season. The management system is flexible and open to renewal and development from all participating entities. Innovation continues yearly to improve and enhance Hajj management and services, offering new ideas and technologies. This commitment is a “supreme message” stemming from deep identity and the pledge to serve the Two Holy Mosques and pilgrims. Serving pilgrims is a core responsibility reflecting sincerity and fulfilling the pledge.

The management is described as operating with the “mind of a state and the heart of a nation”. It is a model of successful work and permanence of hope, embodying institutional integration. The goal is to make the Hajj and Umrah seasons a global model in terms of service and facilities, in line with Vision 2030. The success is presented as proof that the Kingdom knows how to distribute roles and set the pace in managing this sacred ritual. The experience from this Hajj season opens the door to rethinking the concept of the “service state” that uses its central power to facilitate people’s lives in complex circumstances.

Saudi Electronic Shopping Growth and Challenges

Based on the provided sources, electronic shopping is discussed as a significant aspect of digital transformation and a key part of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. It represents a shift from traditional shopping to smart applications and electronic platforms, offering diverse purchasing options for goods and various payment methods that combine instant and deferred payment.

The growth in electronic shopping is described as reflecting its central role in the national economy. Vision 2030 initiatives have actively encouraged e-commerce through simplifying licensing procedures and developing payment and shipping systems, supported by digital infrastructure development and improved logistics.

User behavior shows that many people browse these electronic platforms using their smartphones seeking the best offers and fastest delivery. The Eid al-Adha season specifically revitalized buying activity through these websites. The experience during the “Corona” pandemic was the first for many, who discovered they didn’t need to waste time traveling or searching physical stores, as purchases could arrive quickly at their doorstep.

Statistics highlight the local focus of Saudi consumers, with a report indicating that 93.1% of consumer purchases in 2024 were completed through local websites. The use of AI tools is also noted among Internet users in the Kingdom, with 21.5% reportedly using various types of AI applications. Official statistics show an increase in electronic records in 2024, reaching approximately 40,953 thousand records, a 10% growth compared to the previous year. Annual e-commerce sales via “Mada” cards saw a significant annual growth rate of 36.1% in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

The sources also delve into the delivery sector, which has experienced massive growth, fueled by the adoption of digital solutions by citizens and the entry of international investors. The market size is estimated to exceed 50 billion riyals by 2025, with expected annual growth around 15% until 2030. However, this growth comes with challenges, particularly concerning the conduct and oversight of delivery drivers.

A specific incident involving a delivery driver prompted discussions on the need for stricter regulations. Experts and observers suggest measures like mandatory security checks, training on laws and public behavior, and a specific ID card for drivers linked to security and technology sectors. Companies operating these platforms are now expected to be more transparent about their employee selection and monitoring processes. The number of delivery drivers in the Kingdom is estimated to be over 200,000, working for 61 companies (as of March 2025) that collectively executed around 290 million orders in one year. This highlights the significant scale and impact of the delivery aspect of electronic shopping.

In summary, electronic shopping in Saudi Arabia is portrayed as a rapidly growing sector, supported by government initiatives under Vision 2030, technological adoption, and changing consumer behavior, although challenges related to the regulation and oversight of delivery services are being addressed.

Global Oil Market Dynamics: Supply, Demand, and Geopolitics

Based on the provided sources, the oil market is currently described as maintaining its strength amidst a combination of factors, including supply disruption concerns and geopolitical tensions. However, it is also facing challenges, particularly regarding concerns about slowing demand.

Here’s a discussion of key aspects of the oil market as presented in the sources:

Factors Supporting Oil Prices:

• Geopolitical Tensions: Tensions, such as those between the US and Iran, and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, are keeping supply risks on the table. Reports of the US considering additional sanctions on Russia and Iran further support this trend.
• OPEC+ Policies: Measured production policies from OPEC+ are a significant factor. The market received support amid optimism about easing trade tensions between the US and China, boosting hopes for growth in the world’s two largest economies.
• Seasonal Demand: The approaching peak summer demand season also provides support.

Factors Weighing on Prices:

• Demand Concerns: Concerns about slowing demand remain, especially amidst rising indicators of global economic weakness. Weak economic data from major oil consumers like the US and China raise questions about demand, particularly with the continuation of tariffs between the two largest economies.
• High Inventories: Large increases in US petroleum product inventories have added to uncertainty regarding demand.
• Trade Wars: Tariffs led by the US under the previous administration were seen as contributing to a significant drop in oil prices due to fears they would lead to trade wars and reduced demand.

OPEC+ Actions and Strategy:

• OPEC and its allies are scheduled to meet to decide on production levels.
• There are expectations of regular increases in production from October to December, potentially leading to a complete lifting of voluntary cuts by the end of 2025.
• OPEC+ can add production in increments, such as 411,000 barrels per day (bpd) in August and 274,000 bpd in September.
• The market is currently seen as relatively balanced, with peak summer demand supporting the increases announced for June and July.
• However, production increases after the third quarter, when peak demand season ends, are expected to raise the market surplus to higher levels than previously anticipated.

Saudi Arabia’s Role:

• Saudi Arabia, as the world’s largest oil exporter, recently cut its oil prices for Asian buyers for July. This cut returned prices to levels last seen in May.
• This price reduction came after OPEC+ raised production for the fourth consecutive month, although the Saudi cut was less than analysts expected.
• Analysis suggests the smaller cut in Saudi Light crude price is likely due to strong domestic consumption and refinery operations within the Kingdom, potentially limiting volumes available for export. Saudi Arabia typically consumes more crude for power generation during the summer months (June to August).
• Saudi Aramco sets the trend for prices of other crudes exported by Iran, Kuwait, and Iraq, affecting about 9 million bpd heading to Asia. Aramco has five main types of crude oil: Arab Extra Light, Arab Light, Arab Medium, Arab Heavy, and Arab Super Light, differing in density.
• Aramco is described as striving to provide reliable and affordable energy globally, maintaining its leadership in oil and gas production and chemicals. Its competitive advantages include being one of the lowest carbon-intensity producers, having large high-quality reserves, and possessing exclusive operating rights for exploration and production.
• Saudi Arabia’s production in the first quarter of 2025 exceeded 8.94 million bpd before rising above 9 million bpd in April 2025, coinciding with the beginning of the phasing out of voluntary cuts.
• Saudi Arabia’s exports of crude and products carried by sea averaged 7.33 million bpd in the first quarter of 2025.
• The value of Saudi oil exports decreased in the first quarter of 2025 to $54.67 billion, down from $59.72 billion in the same period of the previous year. This decline in both value and volume is primarily attributed to the country’s commitment to the official OPEC+ production cut policy (2 million bpd until the end of 2026).
• In addition to the OPEC+ cuts, Saudi Arabia has also been implementing voluntary cuts (totaling 1.6 million bpd with 8 other OPEC+ countries until the end of 2026) since May 2023. Previously, the total voluntary cut with 7 OPEC+ countries was 2.2 million bpd. Phasing out of these voluntary cuts began in April 2025 by increasing the production ceiling in May and June by 411,000 bpd.
• Saudi Arabia’s oil export revenues in 2024 fell to $223.3 billion, down from $247.4 billion in 2023.

Other Producing Countries:

• Iraq: The Iraqi Ministry of Oil accused the Kurdistan regional government of legal responsibility for large-scale oil and refined product smuggling.
• Iran: Despite reports of increasing exports via intermediaries, the US announced new sanctions targeting 10 individuals and 27 entities involved in facilitating Iranian oil and petrochemical exports, aiming to disrupt its parallel energy trade infrastructure. This step indicates Washington’s intent to tighten restrictions.
• Russia: Discounts on Russia’s Urals crude have narrowed to their lowest levels since the start of the conflict with Ukraine, partly because prices have remained below the $60 per barrel price cap.
• Brazil: State-owned Petrobras plans to prioritize exploration and investment outside Brazil, focusing on Africa.
• Malaysia: Petronas denied rumors of selling its Canadian business but plans to reduce its workforce there.
• China: Independent refineries have slowed purchases of Iranian crude, not due to sanctions, but because rising prices reduced the discount compared to Brent crude.

Analyst and Bank Views:

• Analysts like Wang Yanzhi note that the likelihood of a significant decline driven by macroeconomic conditions has decreased. He added that with peak season approaching and ongoing geopolitical risks, a sharp drop in oil prices appears limited.
• Investment bank Barclays forecasts Brent crude prices to remain around $65 bpd later this year. However, they project a surplus in the market larger than expected after OPEC+ increases production, especially after the third quarter.
• Other strategists expect OPEC+ to continue large increases, potentially bringing the full 2.2 million bpd back by the end of the third quarter, a year earlier than the stated deadline. This view underlies a forecast of Brent averaging $59 bpd in the fourth quarter.
• Opinions among banks vary on whether OPEC+ will proceed with further easing of cuts.

Related Markets:

• Natural Gas: Flows of US natural gas to major LNG export terminals decreased in early June, with a project undergoing maintenance and preparation for new units, setting a ceiling for prompt Henry Hub prices.
• Metals: Silver prices rose to their highest level since 2012, driven by strong industrial demand and its status as a safe-haven asset. Copper prices also reached a two-month high on the London exchange, supported by falling inventories.

Overall, the sources paint a picture of an oil market navigating supply risks and economic uncertainties. Saudi Arabia’s management of its production and pricing strategy, influenced by OPEC+ agreements and domestic factors, remains a central element, while geopolitical events and the pace of global economic recovery are key variables influencing future price movements.

Targeting Aid Distribution in Gaza

Based on the provided sources, the situation regarding aid in Gaza is discussed primarily in the context of ongoing attacks and significant challenges to distribution and access.

Key points from the sources include:

• Attacks on Aid Distribution Areas: Source reports a series of Israeli occupation raids that targeted tents of displaced people and areas near humanitarian aid distribution centers, leading to a large number of casualties and injuries.
• Casualties While Seeking Aid:Five martyrs, including two children, were killed in a bombing on displacement tents west of Khan Younis.
• A Palestinian was killed, and others were injured by Israeli army fire while attempting to reach aid near the Wadi Gaza bridge.
• Four Palestinians were killed, and dozens were injured by army fire near an aid distribution center operated by an American company west of Rafah. Israeli warships reportedly fired heavily near the same center.
• The government media office in Gaza stated that the occupation army killed 110 civilians and injured 583 others who were attempting to obtain food from “Israeli aid centers” in southern Gaza since May 27th.
• Aid Centers as “Ambushes”: The director of the Network of Non-Governmental Organizations in Gaza described aid distribution centers as having become “ambushes” for targeting Palestinians. He reported that over 126 Palestinians had been martyred since these centers began operating.
• Accusations of Using Starvation as a Weapon: What is happening is described as the systematic use of aid distribution as a weapon for starvation. The government media office accused Israel of escalating attacks on the hungry and held them fully responsible for the humanitarian disaster, calling Washington a “principal partner in the crime of starvation”. Israel is accused of trying to mislead the world by presenting starvation in humanitarian terms. Gaza is said to have reached an advanced stage of famine due to this systematic targeting.
• Risk to Aid Seekers: The new aid distribution mechanism is seen as a threat to residents’ lives, as they are forced to risk their lives to obtain food. Reports mention hungry people being forced to crawl on the ground under heavy fire in a desperate attempt to secure food for their families. One survivor described crawling and running under fire, witnessing many injuries.
• Call for UN Role: The government media office in Gaza emphasized the importance of the UN’s role in delivering aid and expressed full readiness to secure and protect it until it reaches all those in need. UNRWA stated that aid must return safely and widely to all residents of Gaza, and this can only be achieved through the United Nations, including UNRWA.
• Fuel Blockade for Hospitals: The Ministry of Health in Gaza stated that Israeli authorities continue to prevent international and UN organizations from accessing fuel storage locations designated for hospitals in the sector. This is reportedly done under the pretext that these locations are in “red zones,” and this prevention threatens the complete shutdown of hospitals. Hospitals in Gaza rely entirely on electric generators for power, and at one point, the available fuel was only enough for 3 days.
• “Gaza Humanitarian Foundation” Involvement: The “Gaza Humanitarian Foundation” announced it would reopen one of its aid distribution centers in Rafah after having closed centers due to threats. Sources mention that Israel had eased the siege about two weeks prior, and this foundation took over the responsibility of aid distribution, bypassing existing UN and other initiatives. The foundation reportedly faced criticism for bypassing relief networks and allegedly exposing civilians to danger. Hamas is also reported to have closed its centers first due to security reasons.

Saudi and International Football News

Based on the provided sources, the sports news primarily revolves around football in Saudi Arabia and some international developments. Here’s a discussion of the key sports events and topics covered:

Saudi Football Scene

• Saudi National Team (Al-Akhdar): The senior national team is currently in a preparatory program in Jeddah. They are getting ready for their Asian qualifiers match for the 2026 World Cup. Coach Hervé Renard held a closed meeting with the players to motivate them for the upcoming game against Australia. Player Mohamed Al-Saad has recovered from an injury sustained earlier. The team is currently third in Group 3 with 13 points, three points behind second-place Australia. To secure direct qualification, Al-Akhdar needs to defeat Australia by a margin of five goals. The team’s final preparatory training session before the match will be closed to the media.
• Saudi U20 National Team: The U20 national team recently participated in the Khofou International Friendly Tournament in Egypt. They achieved a 1-1 draw against the Brazil team in their second match. The team’s lineup for that match is listed. They are scheduled to play against Norway next. This tournament participation is part of their preparation for the U20 World Cup in Chile in 2025.
• Al-Fateh Club: The club has announced its preparation program for the upcoming 2025-2026 season. Players are set to gather in Al-Ahsa on July 11 for medical check-ups and begin official training on July 14. The team will play four friendly matches starting July 20 before traveling to Spain for a second training camp on August 3. In Spain, they plan to play five more friendly matches. They will return to Saudi Arabia on August 17 and have one more friendly match on August 21, ahead of the Roshn Saudi League season starting on August 28. The technical staff, led by coach José Gomes, hopes this intensive program will prepare the players well physically and technically for a strong start.
• Al-Ittihad Club: Al-Ittihad fans celebrated what is described as “two Eids” this year: Eid al-Adha and the celebration of winning the domestic double (League and Cup). The team won the Roshn Saudi League title two rounds before the end of the season. They also claimed the King’s Cup, the most valuable cup in Saudi football, defeating Al-Qadisiyah 3-1 in the final. Karim Benzema scored two goals and Houssâm Aouar scored one in the final. The season is characterized as a story of struggle and determination that brought Al-Ittihad back to dominance in local titles. The planning, management led by Chairman Luuay Mosabi, and the players are credited for the success. Al-Ittihad’s fans are highlighted for their exceptional support, being the highest in attendance in the Roshn Saudi League with 594,326 supporters. They are referred to as the “number 12 player” and the most important factor in winning the double.
• Al-Ittihad Players (Kanté and Benzema):N’Golo Kanté is considered one of the most notable signings and made a significant impact in the midfield. He is praised for his humility, high morals, and is seen as a model for professionalism. He is called “the humble one” or “the bee” by fans. Kanté played a major role in achieving the double.
• Karim Benzema, the team captain, had an exceptional season. He won two awards: Best Player in the Roshn Saudi League for 2024/2025 and Best Player in the King’s Cup final. This confirms he came not just to play but to “create a new glory”. He has participated in 66 matches for Al-Ittihad, scoring 41 goals. He is described as the “king of decisiveness” and proved he is still one of the best players globally.

International Football News

• FIFA Rule Change (Penalty Kicks): The International Football Association Board (IFAB) has amended a rule regarding penalty kicks. If a player taking a penalty kick accidentally touches the ball a second time (e.g., due to slipping) before any other player touches it, and the ball enters the goal, the penalty must be re-taken. This rule change stems from a specific incident involving Julián Álvarez during a match between Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid, where his goal was disallowed after he slipped and touched the ball twice. If the penalty is missed after the accidental second touch, a direct free kick is awarded to the defending team, except during penalty shootouts. The change came into effect on June 15 for the FIFA Club World Cup in the USA.
• Alisson Becker (Liverpool): The Brazilian goalkeeper for Liverpool expects his club’s management to extend his contract by an additional year. His current contract is set to expire in the summer of 2026. Alisson expressed a desire to return to his former Brazilian club Internacional someday. He also spoke about the different experiences Brazilian players have had when returning home after playing in Europe.

Overall, the sports coverage highlights successful domestic football seasons for Saudi clubs like Al-Ittihad, ongoing preparations for national teams, and a notable rule change by FIFA impacting penalty kick procedures internationally.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These excerpts primarily discuss Saudi Arabia’s significant efforts in managing and enhancing the Hajj pilgrimage, highlighting logistical, technological, and healthcare advancements to ensure a safe and seamless experience for millions of pilgrims, reflecting the nation’s deep commitment to serving the Two Holy Mosques. The texts also touch upon regional and global economic and political events, including the conflict in Gaza, the oil market’s fluctuations amidst geopolitical tensions, and Saudi Arabia’s strategic initiatives like Vision 2030 and its environmental goals, such as developing nuclear energy and combating plastic pollution. Finally, they include articles on diverse domestic topics ranging from sports news and cultural traditions like Hajj-related songs to health issues like ADHD and local government projects aimed at improving public spaces and services.

Managing Hajj with Technology and Tradition

Hajj management is a complex and comprehensive undertaking aimed at hosting millions of Muslims within a limited timeframe in a specific location. It is described as the largest human and technological operational system in the world, requiring immense energy to provide high-efficiency services at a precise and defined time. The management of Hajj is rooted in an inherited national approach, starting from the era of the Kingdom’s founder, King Abdulaziz. Serving the guests of Rahman is considered a great honor that drives the country to dedicate all its visual and material capabilities.

The primary goal of the Hajj management system is to facilitate the performance of rituals with ease and comfort. This involves utilizing all capabilities to serve the guests of Rahman and make the pilgrimage easier for them. The system aims to ensure security, tranquility, and peace so that pilgrims can focus on worship and drawing closer to God. Efforts are made to provide a suitable environment and a pure spiritual atmosphere to make the journey a beautiful, lasting memory.

The success of Hajj management is the result of continuous efforts over decades. This includes developing services in the holy sites, notably the significant expansions in the Two Holy Mosques, and activating multi-service regulations and instructions for organizing Hajj seasons and preventing unauthorized individuals. The system relies on integrated operational systems executed through coordination between various security and service entities. Modern technical tools and studied operational models are utilized to control crowd flows and movements smoothly and safely, while also considering the human density and the cultural and geographic diversity of pilgrims.

Technology and innovation play a crucial role in Hajj management, serving as a direct test of the Kingdom’s technical capabilities. Digital solutions, AI systems, smart platforms, and smart aircraft operate in precise harmony, undergoing continuous real-time monitoring and evaluation. Each Hajj season represents a new experimental and knowledge-building cycle within the technical development system, with smart monitoring and control systems managing crowd movement in real-time.

Specific technological implementations mentioned in the sources include:

• Nusuk Platform: This digital platform facilitates the pilgrim’s journey from visa application to return. It simplifies booking, issuing permits, standardizing procedures, and offers over 130 digital services. Nusuk’s electronic reading operations reached over 5.5 million by the time of reporting, aiming to raise the efficiency of grouping and enhance organizational regulation.
• Nusuk Care Centers: These centers provide guidance, psychological support, and health support. They offer services in over 11 languages, including sign language, and operate 24/7 with a focus on human cases. They respond to reports and help pilgrims access services and vital locations. These centers are managed with integrated technology, linked to the Nusuk digital platform for data exchange and operational decision-making based on field analysis. Over 765,000 services were provided by these centers by the time of reporting. The initiative started in 2019 and has provided over 8 million services since then, in cooperation with the health awareness association, including guidance, report response, vital sign measurement, and health/language support.
• AI and Smart Systems: AI systems are used for crowd monitoring and flow analysis, utilizing thermal cameras linked to 24/7 control centers to ensure smooth movement and safety. This contributes to achieving the highest levels of discipline and organization.
• Smart Infrastructure: The expansion of the Grand Mosque includes smart infrastructure like expanded capacity for the Tawaf area, advanced cooling systems, multi-level bridges, escalators, and smart paths for the elderly and people with disabilities.
• Smart Robots: Robots are used for sterilizing floors and distributing Zamzam water.
• Smart Watch Technology: This technology is part of a virtual follow-up system used for remote health monitoring, demonstrated in a case where it helped save a pilgrim with a heart condition.
• Drones: Drones were used experimentally for the first time to transport medicine between health centers and hospitals in the holy sites, aiming to enhance the speed and efficiency of delivering medical supplies.
• Thermal Cameras: Used for field screening of pilgrims with diabetes to detect potential complications early.
• Smart Transportation: The Al-Mashaaer Al-Muqaddassah Metro line operates with a capacity of over 72,000 passengers per hour, transporting large numbers of pilgrims between sites like Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina. This system uses 17 trains, contributing to reducing congestion and carbon emissions. It is operated by “SAR” and supports the objectives of Vision 2030 by providing efficient, reliable, and sustainable transportation.
• Crowd Management: A smart system for managing crowds uses a computerized schedule to divide pilgrims into time batches, tracks the movement of each group using electronic bracelets linked to guidance and emergency systems, and relies on central control rooms monitoring over 4,000 cameras. This system helped reduce accidents and ensure balanced distribution of pilgrims.
• “No Hajj Without Permit” Campaign: This security campaign aims to reinforce discipline, protect legal pilgrims, and facilitate crowd management in a safe environment. Security efforts continue until pilgrims complete their rituals and return home safely. Pilgrims are urged to follow specific paths and instructions during their movements, particularly during the Days of Tashreeq.

The Hajj management system aligns with the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030, aiming to enhance the human aspect and improve the quality of life. It reflects the caring attention given to pilgrims and emphasizes continuous improvement and development. Large budgets are generously spent without focusing on financial return. This service is considered an inherited tradition reflecting Islamic values of generosity and altruism, and being servants of the guests of Rahman is viewed as an honor.

Serving Hajj pilgrims is not merely a functional task but an institutional duty rooted in the state’s identity. Article 24 of the Basic Law of Governance mandates that the state give special care to the endowments of the Two Holy Mosques, provide security and services to their visitors, and facilitate the performance of Hajj, Umrah, and visitation rituals to the fullest. This commitment is a core component of the Kingdom’s political and administrative identity. Vision 2030 has notably reshaped the relationship between technology and public service in Hajj. The overall goal is to transform the Hajj experience into a facilitated, safe, and sustainable model while maintaining the sanctity of the place and the rituals. This Saudi-made “Smart Hajj” model moves steadily towards the world while remaining rooted in its service to the guests of Rahman.

Saudi Vision 2030 Environmental Initiatives

Based on the sources provided, Saudi Arabia is actively engaged in environmental initiatives, which are highlighted as an integral part of Saudi Vision 2030.

The Kingdom adopts an ambitious and proactive vision to confront global environmental challenges. This vision is embodied in its Green Initiatives, aiming for Saudi Arabia to be a major player in global efforts to combat climate change and preserve ecosystems for future generations.

Key initiatives mentioned include the Saudi Green Initiative and the Middle East Green Initiative, launched by the Crown Prince. The Saudi Green Initiative has three primary goals:

• Reducing carbon emissions by 278 million tons annually by 2030.
• Planting 10 billion trees in the coming decades, which is equivalent to rehabilitating 40 million hectares of degraded land.
• Protecting over 644,000 square kilometers of land and sea by 2030.

Progress is already being made, with hundreds of millions of trees and shrubs planted since 2021 and extensive areas of degraded land rehabilitated.

Efforts also specifically target combating desertification through massive afforestation projects, utilizing modern irrigation and water management technologies, and rehabilitating degraded pastures. These initiatives are aimed at increasing green areas, improving air quality, reducing dust storms, enhancing biodiversity, and creating new economic opportunities.

Beyond these large-scale initiatives, Saudi Arabia is also working on developing renewable energy projects, such as solar and green hydrogen, to lessen reliance on fossil fuels and move towards a circular carbon economy.

These initiatives have led to the establishment of regional programs and centers, including:

• The Regional Center for Dust and Sandstorms.
• The Regional Climate Change Center.
• The Regional Cloud Seeding Program.

The success of Hajj management also includes the “Green Hajj” initiative, which integrates sustainability principles into Hajj services. Specific initiatives within this framework include:

• Using renewable energy for Hajj facilities.
• Implementing advanced waste management systems, including recycling and sorting.
• Initiatives to reduce food waste and distribute surplus food.
• Utilizing technologies to rationalize water consumption and air conditioning. These efforts align with Vision 2030’s environmental goals and serve as a global model for managing large human gatherings while minimizing environmental impact.

Furthermore, the source highlights achievements in protecting natural heritage through the recognition of Geoparks. The National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification and the National Committee to Combat Desertification nominated Riyadh North Geopark and Salma Geopark for the UNESCO Global Geoparks list. UNESCO announced their inclusion in April 2025. These Geoparks, such as Riyadh North Geopark (covering 3000 sq km with diverse natural and historical features) and Salma Geopark (known for unique geological formations near Ha’il), are utilized to promote scientific tourism and sustainable local development. This international recognition is seen as a significant boost to the Kingdom’s efforts to diversify its economy through environmental and geological tourism, aligning with Vision 2030’s economic transformation plans and creating new job opportunities.

The National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification emphasizes that these achievements underscore the Kingdom’s commitment to protecting its natural heritage and its strategic direction to transform environmental areas into drivers of sustainable development. The National Center for Meteorology also contributes by launching educational and awareness programs about climate and environmental challenges.

Overall, the environmental initiatives discussed reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to sustainable development and environmental protection, guided by the objectives of Vision 2030.

Global and Regional Market Trends

Based on the provided sources and our conversation, there are several economic and market trends discussed across different sectors:

• Global Financial Markets (Gold, Silver, Stocks, Bonds, Currencies):
• Prices of gold and silver fell by more than 1% on a specific Friday, influenced by the US jobs report. Gold’s spot price reached $3,316.13 per ounce. Gold futures contracts also declined by 0.8% to $3,346.60. Silver’s spot price fell by 0.5% to $35.96 per ounce, although it had reached its highest level in over 13 years earlier.
• Platinum rose by 2.5% to $1,158.20 per ounce, reaching its highest level since March 2022, while palladium increased by 3.9% to $1,045.45 per ounce. Both metals were heading for weekly gains.
• The US Labor Department report showed non-agricultural jobs increased by 139,000 in May, slightly above the 130,000 forecast. The unemployment rate remained stable at 4.2%. Average wage growth also exceeded expectations.
• These economic data were seen as negative for gold prices, suggesting the Federal Reserve might keep interest rates unchanged for a while. Market participants were already pricing in only one interest rate cut by December.
• US stock markets closed higher on the same Friday, with indices (Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P 500, Nasdaq Composite) reaching weekly gains. Positive US employment data helped sentiment. European stocks also rose, achieving their second consecutive weekly gain, supported by the positive US data and reduced trade conflict fears.
• The Dollar index, which measures the US currency against a basket of currencies, rose by 0.51% to 99.18 following the better-than-expected jobs data. The Euro fell by 0.42% to $1.1396 against the Dollar, and the Yen fell by 0.87% to 144.77 per Dollar.
• Cryptocurrencies also saw gains, with Bitcoin rising 3.80% to $104,334.11 and Ethereum rising 3.7% to $2,487.77.
• US Treasury bond yields rose, with the 30-year bond yield reaching 4.9655% and the 10-year yield reaching 4.041%. These movements align with expectations of the Federal Reserve’s interest rate policy.
• Geopolitical uncertainty is noted as a factor influencing safe-haven assets like gold and the Yen. Trade negotiations, particularly between the US and China, create volatility, impacting markets like gold. New tariffs could pressure production costs and potentially lead to imported inflation.
• Energy Market (Oil):
• Oil prices increased on Friday, marking a first weekly gain in three weeks for Brent crude. Brent crude futures settled at $66.47 per barrel, up $1.13 or 1.73%. US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude settled at $64.58 per barrel, up $1.21 or 1.91%.
• Brent crude rose 2.75% over the past week, and WTI rose about 5%, supported by expectations of lower global supplies in the coming months.
• The positive US jobs report helped boost hopes for economic growth and demand, including for oil.
• OPEC+ agreed to increase production by 411,000 barrels per day in July, part of a larger plan to add 2.2 million bpd back to the market. This increase, alongside supply from non-OPEC countries like Kazakhstan, is expected to lead to a surplus in the market in the final quarter of the year, potentially putting downward pressure on prices.
• US crude production and export data showed a decline in May. US crude faces increasing competition from OPEC and its allies.
• The long-term forecast for oil is influenced by the transition towards more sustainable fuels. Global oil consumption is expected to grow by 970,000 bpd in 2025 and 900,000 bpd in 2026. Global crude production is expected to grow by 840,000 bpd in 2025 and 680,000 bpd in 2026.
• Nuclear Energy Sector:
• Nuclear power plants are considered a key source of reliable, efficient, and clean electricity, supporting energy security.
• As of 2024, there are approximately 411 operating nuclear power plants globally, with around 65 under construction in 15 countries. Nuclear power accounts for about 9% of the global electricity mix.
• France generates 65% of its electricity from its 57 nuclear reactors. The UAE generates 20%, South Korea 30%, and Canada 15% from nuclear power.
• Challenges include managing the nuclear fuel cycle, storing radioactive waste, the high material cost of building plants, and geopolitical issues affecting uranium supply.
• Saudi Arabia supports the peaceful use of nuclear power and is investing in training its citizens in nuclear engineering. King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy was established, and a Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Commission was created. A low-power research reactor project (LPRR-100 kWt) is in its final stages.
• Impact of AI on the Labor Market:
• AI is replacing jobs in various sectors, from call centers to content writing and simple programming tasks. This is happening rapidly and with less need for physical infrastructure or extensive training compared to previous technological shifts.
• Current public policy responses are seen as lagging and focusing on superficial solutions like basic programming training, which are insufficient given AI’s advanced capabilities.
• The real issue is not just job replacement but a deeper systemic problem that requires understanding the diverse perspectives of stakeholders (company, employee, economist) and finding integrated solutions.
• There is a need for a “soft systems methodology” to address complex problems like AI-driven unemployment by considering multiple viewpoints and areas of influence.
• An example is given of a company automating customer support with AI, leading to cost savings and shareholder value, but displacing workers, potentially lowering wages and local consumption, while retraining programs are insufficient.
• The sources argue that relying on the market to automatically self-correct (“automatic solution illusion”) is not a viable strategy; proactive, integrated policies are necessary. Saudi Arabia is investing in AI as part of Vision 2030 and aims to be a model, requiring integrated labor policies, education reform, and social protection.
• Environmental Tourism:
• Saudi Arabia’s environmental initiatives, including the Saudi Green Initiative and Middle East Green Initiative, contribute to sustainable development.
• Recognizing Geoparks (Riyadh North Geopark, Salma Geopark) by UNESCO promotes scientific tourism and sustainable local development. This diversification of the economy through environmental and geological tourism creates new economic opportunities and jobs, aligning with Vision 2030.
• Sports Economics/Labor Market:
• The Saudi League is highlighted as attracting high-profile coaches with significant salaries.
• Financial investment and decision-making by major sports clubs (Al Hilal, Al Nassr, Al Qadisiyah, Al Ahli) are discussed in the context of managing various sports teams. Some clubs are making decisions to cut funding for certain sports despite past successes.
• Success in sports leagues (like handball) is linked to increased financial investment, organization, and attracting talent (players, referees), which can lead to higher attendance and revenue (ticket sales) and the potential to host international tournaments.
• The location of Al Qadisiyah in Al Khobar is mentioned as potentially making it easier to attract talent due to the city being a hub for residents.
• Pharmaceutical Market (Specific):
• In the context of discussing ADHD, certain medications like Ritalin, Dextroamphetamine, and Captagon are mentioned as effective treatments under medical supervision. It is noted that Captagon/Amphetamines are prohibited in most Arab countries, including Saudi Arabia, and treated as narcotics, despite their potential medical use. This implies a market influenced by regulatory restrictions.

Pilgrim Healthcare: Saudi Arabia’s Integrated System

Based on the provided sources and our conversation, healthcare for pilgrims during the Hajj season is a major focus for Saudi Arabia, characterized by a comprehensive and integrated system utilizing advanced technology and dedicated human resources.

Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects discussed:

1. Overarching Commitment and Scope: Serving pilgrims is a core responsibility for the Kingdom, deeply rooted in its identity and history, and placed at the forefront of its concerns. This commitment is part of a deeply rooted national tradition and reflects the values of hospitality and altruism. The government allocates significant budgets without seeking financial return to develop services and improve the Hajj experience.
2. Integrated System and Infrastructure: The healthcare system for pilgrims is described as integrated and operating within a comprehensive operational system. This system includes a network of facilities strategically located throughout the holy sites. The infrastructure development is ongoing and includes significant expansions of the Grand Mosque and other facilities.
3. Facilities and Capacity:

• There has been a significant increase in clinical bed capacity by over 60%.
• An emergency hospital has been opened.
• 71 rapid intervention points have been equipped in the holy sites for quick medical access.
• Ambulance capabilities have been substantially increased to over 3,000 compared to the previous year.
• Mobile hospitals and health centers are part of the system.

1. Range of Health Services: A wide array of services are provided, from basic care to advanced medical interventions.

• Over 125,573 health services were provided.
• Advanced operations were performed, including 216 cardiac catheterizations and 18 open-heart surgeries. These are carried out by qualified Saudi medical staff.
• Kidney dialysis and other operations are also available.
• Preventative care is a key focus. This includes field surveys and screening.
• Specific screening for pilgrims with diabetes using thermal cameras and infrared technology is conducted to detect complications like diabetic foot early. Guidance and preventative gifts are also provided to high-risk individuals.
• The “Nusuk Care” centers provide guidance and health support around the clock. They have provided over 8 million services since 2019.

1. Technology in Healthcare: Technology plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and quality of health services.

• The “Nusuk” application is a key digital platform, serving as a gateway for pilgrims and providing over 130 digital services. It stores personal and health data to facilitate service delivery. Over 5.5 million electronic readings of the “Nusuk” card were used.
• The “Nusuk Digital” platform organizes contracts, issues visas, and unifies procedures.
• Smart watches and virtual monitoring systems are used for remote patient monitoring, enabling rapid response to health changes. This technology helped save a pilgrim experiencing heart complications.
• Drones are used experimentally for transporting medicines and medical supplies between health centers and hospitals in the holy sites to speed up delivery.
• AI and advanced technologies are used for crowd monitoring, analysis, and ensuring smooth movement.
• Infrared technology (thermal cameras) is used for medical screening, specifically for detecting diabetic foot complications.
• The “Nusuk Care” centers are managed technologically and linked to the “Nusuk” digital platform for real-time data exchange and operational decisions.

1. Human Element and Support:

• The system relies on highly efficient and experienced staff.
• “Nusuk Care” centers are staffed by qualified personnel who provide human, linguistic, and psychological support.
• Staff at these centers speak over 11 languages, including sign language, reflecting the diversity of pilgrims.
• Security personnel are also involved in providing assistance to pilgrims, helping the elderly, offering water, or assisting lost children.
• Volunteers and staff from various sectors contribute to serving pilgrims. Serving pilgrims is a deep-rooted tradition passed down through generations.

1. Safety and Ease: The primary goals of the healthcare and overall Hajj management system are to ensure the safety, tranquility, and ease of pilgrims in performing their rituals. Preventative health measures and rapid response systems are crucial for achieving this.
2. Pilgrim Experience: The sources highlight that pilgrims have directly experienced the significant facilitations and integrated services provided. A personal account described a free comprehensive health check-up provided through the official Hajj registration process, noting the integrated facility, humane staff, and efficient use of technology for rapid results.

In summary, the healthcare system for pilgrims is presented as a robust, technologically advanced, and human-centered system, continuously improving under the directives of the leadership to ensure the well-being and safety of millions performing Hajj and Umrah, reflecting the goals of Vision 2030.

Global Geopolitical Snapshot: Conflicts, Diplomacy, and Trade

Based on the sources and our conversation, several geopolitical developments are discussed:

1. The Conflict in Gaza and Related Diplomacy:

• The sources report continued violence in Gaza, with more than 30 Palestinians killed on the second day of Eid al-Adha, mostly near aid centers in western Rafah and Khan Yunis.
• Shelling targeted tents of displaced people.
• A medical source at Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Yunis reported 13 Palestinians killed and over 40 injured when occupation forces shelled displaced people’s tents.
• Another medical source reported 5 Palestinians killed and others injured near an aid center west of Rafah.
• Local Palestinian sources stated occupation forces fired towards people waiting for aid.
• The total number killed by occupation forces while trying to obtain food aid reached 110, with 583 injured and 9 missing.
• An Israeli shell targeted a house near Al-Shifa hospital in Gaza City.
• Intensive artillery shelling also targeted Beit Lahia in northern Gaza.
• The Israeli army destroyed residential buildings in eastern Jabalia and southern Gaza.
• The Israeli army admitted killing 4 soldiers in Khan Yunis and injuring 12 in Jabalia. According to their data, 862 Israeli soldiers have been killed and 5921 injured since October 7, 2023.
• UNICEF launched an urgent appeal from Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital, calling for the war to stop and to end the suffering of children. A UNICEF spokesperson highlighted the case of a girl paralyzed by an airstrike and stated the message is directed at those with influence to stop the “brutal war against childhood”. UNICEF estimates over 50,000 children have been killed or injured since the start of the war.
• The head of the Palestinian National Council described the massacre in Rafah and Jabalia as a crime of genocide and ethnic cleansing, aimed at erasing Palestinian families from civil records. He stated that the United States bears direct responsibility for the continuation of these massacres due to its political and diplomatic protection and repeated blocking of UN Security Council decisions. He also asserted that the international community’s silence amounts to complicity.
• The Israeli Defense Minister announced the recovery of the body of a Thai hostage in Rafah, stating he was killed during his captivity. Hamas had taken the largest group of foreigners hostage.
• Israeli settler violence included cutting down nearly 100 olive tree saplings near Ramallah and chasing Palestinian herders from their land near Hebron.
• The sources report that the Israeli authorities’ refusal to allow international journalists into Gaza since the beginning of the aggression is a “ban on conveying the truth,” unprecedented in modern history conflicts. It is described as intended to inflame media deception.
• France’s Minister of Armies stated their position is “clear” against selling weapons to Israel, clarifying that only components for defensive systems like the Iron Dome are sold, which may be re-exported. He noted that using military equipment from the company Europelinks in Gaza would be a violation of the law.
• Saudi Arabia is actively engaged in diplomatic efforts to gain international support for recognition of a Palestinian state and the implementation of the two-state solution.
• Israel refused to allow a ministerial committee from the Arab-Islamic summit to visit Ramallah. The Saudi Foreign Minister viewed this as confirming Israel’s extremism and rejection of peace and diplomacy, reinforcing Saudi resolve for diplomatic efforts.
• Saudi Arabia’s stance is that peace and normalization with Israel require the restoration of Palestinian rights, including an independent state on the 1967 borders.
• Reports mention Trump’s administration making moves such as removing officials perceived as cooperating with Israeli intelligence and warning Netanyahu against disrupting Iran talks or attacking nuclear facilities.
• Trump’s meeting with Syrian President Assad and lifting sanctions on Syria (reportedly at the Saudi Crown Prince’s request) is stated to have angered the Israeli government.
• An international conference for the two-state solution is expected to be held in New York under Saudi and French presidency. Several countries, including Canada, the UK, Belgium, Australia, Spain, and Scandinavian countries, are expected to join this initiative. Some sources indicate 10 new European countries, including France, will recognize the Palestinian state.
• Saudi Arabia is conveying a message to Israel and the world that it will bring change to the Middle East that preserves rights.

1. Russia-Ukraine Conflict:

• The Russian Ministry of Defense reported conducting strikes with long-range precision weapons against military targets in Ukraine and destroying four Ukrainian boats in the Black Sea.
• Ukraine accused Russia of delaying a prisoner exchange and body recovery, which Russia confirmed was postponed indefinitely.

1. US-China Trade Relations:

• Trade negotiations between the US and its partners, like the EU and India, remain volatile.
• The US and China agreed to hold further talks following a phone call between Presidents Trump and Xi. This call was described by Trump as “very positive” and creating a “very good situation” regarding trade.
• China granted temporary rare earth export licenses due to its own restrictions. The US suspended licenses for nuclear equipment sales to Chinese power plants.

1. US Internal Political Dynamics (Trump-Musk Spat):

• The sources report a significant falling out between former US President Trump and billionaire Elon Musk, leading to Trump refusing to speak to Musk and potentially giving up his Tesla car.
• This spat, triggered by Musk’s criticism of a spending bill, could have considerable implications, including potential loss of government contracts for Musk.
• Musk reportedly attempted to de-escalate the situation. European officials stated Musk is “welcome” to bring his business to Europe.

1. Canada-India Relations:

• Despite diplomatic tensions, Canada invited India to attend the G7 summit.
• The tension arose from Canada’s accusation of the Indian government’s involvement in the assassination of a Sikh activist in Canada in 2023, which India denied.

1. Saudi Arabia’s Broader International Role:

• Beyond Hajj, the Kingdom’s service of the Two Holy Mosques is highlighted as a core religious, historical, and security function. This is reflected in the leader’s title “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques”.
• Saudi Arabia is undertaking significant environmental initiatives like the “Saudi Green Initiative” and “Middle East Green Initiative,” involving extensive tree planting and combating desertification.
• The Kingdom was elected head of the World Meteorological Organization’s “Asia” region, recognized for its leadership and technology in meteorological services.
• Saudi Arabia is pursuing the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, emphasizing its commitment to this technology and related training and regulation.

These developments illustrate a complex global landscape involving ongoing conflicts, shifting diplomatic alignments, and the intersection of national priorities with international cooperation and tensions.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

Affiliate Disclosure: This blog may contain affiliate links, which means I may earn a small commission if you click on the link and make a purchase. This comes at no additional cost to you. I only recommend products or services that I believe will add value to my readers. Your support helps keep this blog running and allows me to continue providing you with quality content. Thank you for your support!

These excerpts from an Arabic newspaper, dated June 7, 2025, cover various topics with a focus on Saudi Arabia. Several articles highlight the successful organization and management of the Hajj pilgrimage, emphasizing the Kingdom’s dedication to providing a safe and comfortable experience for visitors, alongside reporting on the celebration of Eid al-Adha by Saudi leadership and citizens across different regions. Beyond religious events, the text also touches upon economic matters, discussing the growth in the Saudi tourism and hospitality sector, and includes articles on global economic forecasts and market trends, specifically mentioning the rise in gold prices and a decline in global stock markets.

Saudi Arabia’s Hajj Management: A Comprehensive Approach

Based on the sources provided, Hajj management in Saudi Arabia is described as a comprehensive, organized, and safe undertaking aimed at ensuring the comfort and well-being of pilgrims. It is viewed as a national vision and a noble message from the Kingdom to the world, emphasizing that safe and peaceful Hajj is a right for every pilgrim, achievable only through an organized system respected by all.

Key aspects of Hajj management highlighted in the sources include:

• Overarching Goal: To ensure pilgrims perform their rituals easily and smoothly in spiritual atmospheres filled with submission and tranquility. The continuous success in serving the Guests of God (pilgrims) is presented as a result of the state’s efforts. Serving pilgrims is considered an honor, not a burden.
• Organization and Planning: Hajj management involves meticulous organization and effective operational plans. Plans are built on precise pillars and supported by an advanced operations center that utilizes technology. Success is attributed to the guidance of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the support and continuous follow-up of the Crown Prince. Cooperation between various relevant authorities is highlighted.
• Security and Safety: A primary focus is on ensuring a safe Hajj season, providing pilgrims with integrated services at a high level of security, comfort, and tranquility, far from chaos. The annual national awareness and regulatory campaign, “No Hajj Without Permit,” is a tangible demonstration of the leadership’s commitment to ensuring a safe season. This campaign aims to limit negative phenomena that affect Hajj organization quality, such as overcrowding, unauthorized street vending, infiltration, and the transport of irregular pilgrims. It also works to combat fraudulent Hajj campaigns that pose significant risks to pilgrims. Strict regulations are applied to violators. Security plans are implemented by participating sectors. Modern technology and advanced monitoring systems are utilized in managing security.
• Crowd Management and Flow (Tafweej): Meticulous organization is crucial for crowd management. Pilgrims’ adherence to instructions and following guidelines reflects the maturity of the organizational experience in managing crowds. Adherence to timed schedules contributes to the smooth flow of movement and the absence of usual overcrowding. The Jamarat facility is highlighted as a key modern project embodying a qualitative leap in crowd management, designed according to international engineering and organizational standards. It allows for flexible and safe grouping (Tafweej), with a capacity of over 300,000 pilgrims per hour during peak times. The facility includes multiple levels, electric escalators, bridges, entrances/exits, emergency routes, and smart cooling and monitoring systems.
• Healthcare Services: A comprehensive healthcare system is in place to serve pilgrims. Preventing heat stress is a health priority, with authorities emphasizing preventative measures and providing equipped healthcare units. Healthcare plans are supported by air medical evacuation aircraft provided by the Ministry of Defense and the Saudi Red Crescent Authority. Virtual health consultations are offered 24/7 through various platforms (Unified Number 937, Sehatty application, and X platform) in 7 languages, allowing pilgrims to receive advice, send reports, and even get electronic prescriptions. A swift medical intervention, such as an urgent catheterization, saved a pilgrim’s life from a pulmonary embolism, demonstrating the high readiness and prompt response of medical teams.
• Technology and Digital Transformation: Hajj management leverages modern technology and digital platforms to enhance services. The “Nusuk” card and the use of modern technology in supervision contribute to regulating performance and preventing violations. The “Nusuk” application is described as a cornerstone for providing all types of services pilgrims need. The “Tariq Makkah” (Makkah Route) initiative facilitates the entry of pilgrims from their home countries using modern technology and procedures, benefiting over 1,000,000 pilgrims since its launch in 2017. The “Adahi” project, which facilitates the sacrificial ritual, utilizes smart technologies for counting, tracking, and distributing meat. Virtual health consultations are a key part of digital health efforts.
• Pilgrim Support Services: Pilgrims are accompanied by a comprehensive system of services provided by relevant authorities. Designated places within the holy sites are prepared for each pilgrim, ensuring they can perform rituals in an organized environment that respects their health needs and provides services like accommodation, healthcare, supplies, modern transportation, and educational support. The Mutawif profession, with a history spanning over 30 years, plays a crucial role in receiving, accommodating, organizing, and guiding pilgrims, ensuring ease and comfort. Scout leaders also view serving pilgrims as a national responsibility and honor, working alongside government agencies to provide assistance and guidance.
• Collaboration and Integration: The success of Hajj management is a result of the integration of efforts by relevant authorities. There is collaboration between governmental, private, and non-profit sectors in preparing and executing Hajj plans. The “Adahi” project involves collaboration with over 500 charitable associations. Healthcare services are integrated between the Ministry of Health and military healthcare services. Scout leaders work closely with various government entities.
• Scale and Capability: Saudi Arabia is described as uniquely capable of organizing and receiving millions of pilgrims from around the world for the rituals. The “Adahi” project has a large operational capacity.

In summary, Hajj management, as depicted in the sources, is a complex, large-scale operation relying on meticulous planning, stringent security measures, technological advancements, comprehensive healthcare, efficient crowd management, dedicated support services, and strong collaboration across numerous entities, all guided by the vision of providing a safe, comfortable, and spiritual experience for the Guests of God.

Saudi Royal Family’s Eid al-Adha Greetings

Based on the sources, Eid al-Adha greetings are prominently featured, particularly from the Saudi leadership, highlighting the significance of the occasion.

King Salman congratulated the Islamic nation on the blessed Eid al-Adha. He expressed gratitude to Allah for the blessing and honor of serving the Two Holy Mosques. Via his official account on platform “X”, he said, “We thank Allah Almighty for having blessed us and honored us with the service of the Two Holy Mosques, and we ask Allah Almighty to accept the Hajj and rituals and acts of worship from the pilgrims of His House, and that the blessed Eid al-Adha carries goodness, peace and love for our nation and the whole world. And every year, you are well”. This message from the Kingdom to the world is described as a national vision and a noble message, a message of love and peace.

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, acting on behalf of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, received well-wishers on the occasion of the blessed Eid al-Adha at his palace in Miná. Those who congratulated him included the Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, royal princes, the Grand Mufti of the Kingdom, scholars, senior invitees from GCC countries, ministers, leaders of military sectors participating in this year’s Hajj, and leaders of the scouting family in the Kingdom participating in Hajj.

In a speech given on this occasion, the Crown Prince congratulated the leaders and personnel of the military and security sectors, the esteemed attendees, and the citizens, residents, and pilgrims of the House of Allah on the blessed Eid al-Adha. He prayed to Allah Almighty to bring the occasion back to the country and Muslims around the world with goodness and peace.

The Crown Prince also exchanged Eid greetings via telephone calls with foreign leaders. He received a call from the President of the Republic of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who congratulated him on the blessed Eid al-Adha. The Crown Prince reciprocated the congratulations. The Turkish President praised the good organization and the success of the procedures taken by the Kingdom to maintain the security and safety of pilgrims this Hajj season. The Crown Prince also received a call from the President of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who congratulated him on the blessed Eid al-Adha. The Crown Prince exchanged greetings with him on this occasion, asking Allah Almighty to bring it back to the two countries, the two brotherly peoples, and the Islamic nation with Yemen and blessings.

In Riyadh, the Deputy Emir of Riyadh, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Abdulaziz, performed the Eid al-Adha prayer and received well-wishers who came to congratulate him on the Eid. He exchanged greetings with them, praying to Allah Almighty to bring the happy occasion back to them and the Islamic nation with goodness, Yemen, and blessings.

Beyond the official greetings, Eid al-Adha is mentioned as the occasion for singer Diana Haddad and Al-Douzi to release their song “Ehdy Habba,” described by Haddad as her gift to her audience and fans of her art for the blessed Eid al-Adha and summer.

Saudi Tourism Growth and Vision 2030

Based on the sources, Saudi Arabia is experiencing significant growth and transformation in its tourism sector, driven by the goals of Vision 2030, which aims to boost tourism and diversify the national economy.

Here are the key aspects of Saudi Tourism Growth discussed in the sources:

• Current Sector Performance: The lodging sector, including hotels, serviced apartments, and resorts, is noted for a noticeable boom, particularly in Riyadh, with high occupancy rates in hotels and chalets, especially during periods like the Eid al-Adha holiday. This sector is evolving from merely infrastructure to a strategic pillar for attracting both domestic and international tourists.
• Drivers of Growth: This transformation is attributed to expanded investments, major events like “Riyadh Season” and “Jeddah Season,” and various cultural, artistic, and sports events.
• Quantitative Targets and Achievements:The number of licensed hotel rooms in Saudi Arabia reached approximately 475,000 by the end of 2024, representing a growth rate of 69%.
• The target is to reach 675,000 hotel rooms by 2030, involving the addition of 200,000 new rooms.
• The Kingdom aims to attract over 150 million visitors (domestic and international) annually by 2030.
• As of the time of the source, the number of domestic and international visitors had already reached 109 million.
• Investment and Development Efforts:The sector is witnessing the entry of global commercial brands and attracting large investments, including significant private sector contributions.
• Innovative concepts like eco-hotels and heritage lodges in historical locations are being developed.
• The Tourism Development Fund (TDF) plays a vital role in providing financing for distinct tourism projects. The TDF has contributed over 7.4 billion riyals in financing for more than 100 tourism projects across different regions of the Kingdom. These projects are expected to provide over 7500 hotel rooms and suites. Large projects financed by TDF include those in the Aseer region (valued over 10 billion riyals) and projects involving global hotel brands.
• Economic Impact: The lodging sector’s role extends to supporting the national economy by stimulating related sectors such as transportation, services, restaurants, and recreational activities. It also contributes to improving the quality of life for residents by offering diverse accommodation options. Tourism’s contribution to the GDP is targeted to increase to 10% by 2030 through the National Tourism Strategy.
• Quality Standards and Human Capital:Saudi Arabia is focusing on developing high-quality standards in the lodging sector through licensing, supervision, and professional training programs.
• A substantial budget has been allocated for training Saudi individuals in tourism, both domestically and internationally, collaborating with leading education and training institutions.
• The goal since 2019 has been to train 500,000 young Saudi men and women. By 2023, over 100,000 had been trained through various programs, including the “Tourism Pioneers 2” program which sent 1500 young individuals for training abroad in 2023.
• The number of jobs in the tourism sector exceeded 925,000 in 2023.
• Saudization rates in the tourism sector reached 26% in 2023, with hospitality specifically at 38% and travel agencies at 36%.
• The number of Saudi individuals joining the tourism sector in 2023 reached over 380,000.
• The average salaries for workers in the tourism sector exceeded 6.4 thousand riyals per month in 2023.
• The National Tourism Strategy aims to increase employment in the sector from approximately 650,000 jobs in 2019 to 1.6 million jobs by 2030.
• Development of New Destinations: Focus areas like AlUla, the Red Sea, NEOM, and The Line are expected to drive accelerated growth and a qualitative shift, enhancing the Kingdom’s standing as a global tourism destination.
• Investment Environment: Saudi Arabia is considered one of the easiest and fastest countries for tourism investment.

In summary, the sources portray Saudi tourism growth as a dynamic sector undergoing rapid expansion and qualitative improvement, strongly supported by government initiatives, strategic investments, and a focus on human capital development, all aligned with the ambitious targets of Vision 2030.

Global Economic Outlook and Trade Tensions

Based on the sources, the global economic outlook is characterized by lowered growth forecasts and significant uncertainty, largely attributed to ongoing trade tensions.

Key points regarding the global economic outlook from the sources include:

• Lowered Growth Forecasts: The OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) lowered its global economic growth forecasts. The previous forecast in March expected growth of 3.1% in 2025 and 3.0% in 2026, but the outlook is now described as becoming “more difficult”.
• Impact of Trade Wars and Tariffs: The trade war and increases in customs tariffs by the US President Donald Trump are identified as a primary reason for the lowered expectations. Increased trade barriers and tighter financial conditions “will adversely affect growth” by impacting consumer and business confidence. Trade fragmentation is also considered avoidable and necessary to avoid.
• Specific Country Forecasts:The OECD lowered its 2025 growth forecast for the United States from 2.2% to 1.6%. An additional slowdown is expected in 2026 to 1.5%.
• The forecast for China this year was slightly lowered from 4.8% to 4.7%.
• The forecast for Japan was lowered from 1.1% to 0.7%.
• The forecast for the Eurozone remains at 1%.
• Financial Markets:Global stocks declined.
• Gold prices rose amid economic uncertainty and ahead of US jobs data, indicating demand for safe haven assets.
• The US dollar weakened, trading near a two-year low, which generally benefited metals prices.
• The effective US tariff rate on imported goods rose significantly, becoming the highest since 1938, and this is expected to affect household consumption and investment growth.
• US Economic Data: Weak economic data points, particularly concerning the labor market, have been observed. Investors are keenly awaiting official US non-farm payroll data. Weak jobs data could potentially give greater impetus for lowering interest rates.
• Oil Market Volatility: The oil market remains volatile, influenced by the trade war and its impact on the global economy. While oil prices saw some weekly gains due to renewed US-China trade talks, concerns about slowing demand persist, especially given weak indicators in major economies like the US and China. Expectations of lower global supply exist, but weak demand and increased production from some sources put downward pressure on prices in the coming quarters.
• Refining Sector Challenges: Refineries globally are facing challenges, including a decline in demand due to the economic slowdown and increased adoption of electric vehicles. Global refining margins remain significantly below previous peaks, although slightly higher than recent lows. Refinery closures in the US and Europe have slowed the growth of global refining capacity. While strong seasonal demand might provide a short-term boost to margins, the impact of trade wars and increased fuel production could erode this. The global oil demand growth forecast for the rest of 2025 is relatively low, linked to trade uncertainty’s effect on the global economy.

Current Oil Market Dynamics and Trends

Based on the sources, the oil market is currently volatile, influenced significantly by global economic conditions and trade tensions.

Here are some key trends and points about the oil market:

• Price Movements and Influences:
• Brent crude and WTI prices were on track for weekly gains, despite dipping on the day of the report. Brent rose by approximately 2.1% and WTI by 4%.
• This gain was partly supported by renewed trade talks between the US and China, which brightened hopes for economic growth and demand in the world’s two largest economies. US President Trump described a telephone call with China’s President Xi as having a “very positive” outcome.
• However, the market continues to be pressured by concerns about slowing demand due to weak economic indicators in major economies like the US and China.
• Expectations of lower global supply in the coming months also support prices. This forecast is particularly driven by bets on additional US sanctions against Iran and Russia. Reports indicate the US is considering more sanctions on Russia, and tension in nuclear talks between the US and Iran also contribute to this expectation.
• On the other hand, increased production from some sources and an anticipated increase in supply from OPEC+ in July put downward pressure on prices in the coming quarters. OPEC+ agreed to increase production by 411,000 barrels per day in July, although Saudi Arabia had previously been pushing for larger increases as part of a strategy to regain market share.
• Canadian production cuts due to ongoing wildfires also provided some support.
• Inventories:
• US crude oil inventories saw a significant decline (4 million barrels last week) that was much larger than analysts expected (900,000 barrels).
• However, US inventories of refined products rose, with gasoline inventories increasing by 2.5 million barrels and distillate inventories (including heating oil and diesel) also rising by 2.5 million barrels. Large increases in US refined product inventories add to demand uncertainty.
• Refining Sector Challenges:
• Refineries globally are facing challenges due to the economic slowdown and increased adoption of electric vehicles.
• Global refining margins are significantly below previous peaks from 2022-2023, although they slightly increased in early 2025.
• Refinery closures in the US and Europe have contributed to slowing the growth of global refining capacity.
• Forecasts for 2025 predict a decrease in global diesel supply by 100,000 barrels per day and gasoline supply by 180,000 barrels per day annually. Gasoline demand is expected to rise slightly by 28,000 barrels per day.
• Inventory declines in major refining centers suggest a tightness in product markets.
• While strong seasonal demand in the Northern Hemisphere summer is expected to provide a short-term boost to margins, increasing fuel production and the impact of trade wars could erode this.
• The global oil demand growth forecast for the remainder of 2025 is relatively low (an average of 650,000 bpd), linked to the impact of trade uncertainty on the global economy. This is lower than the growth seen in the first quarter.
• Exploration and Development (Petrobras Example):
• Brazilian state oil company Petrobras plans to expand exploration and production outside Brazil, focusing on Africa (Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Angola, Namibia, South Africa) and India.
• This strategy is partly driven by delays in obtaining environmental permits for drilling off the coast of the Amazon rainforest.
• The company’s plans are also influenced by balancing growth, profitability for investors, and government economic goals.
• Recent lower Brent prices are prompting Petrobras to cut costs and simplify strategic projects.

In summary, the oil market is navigating a complex environment with competing factors: hopes for demand recovery driven by trade talks versus persistent concerns over economic slowdown and trade uncertainty, and fluctuating supply expectations based on geopolitical factors and OPEC+ decisions. The refining sector faces structural challenges while also seeing some short-term tightness in product markets. Companies like Petrobras are adapting by seeking new reserves globally while managing operational and political hurdles.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

Affiliate Disclosure: This blog may contain affiliate links, which means I may earn a small commission if you click on the link and make a purchase. This comes at no additional cost to you. I only recommend products or services that I believe will add value to my readers. Your support helps keep this blog running and allows me to continue providing you with quality content. Thank you for your support!

These texts center on the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the immense efforts undertaken by the Saudi government to ensure the comfort and safety of the pilgrims. Several articles highlight the logistical challenges of managing the millions of attendees and the innovative solutions being employed, particularly the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced surveillance technologies to monitor crowd movement, prevent bottlenecks, and improve overall efficiency. Additionally, one text features a sermon delivered during the Hajj stressing the spiritual significance of the event and the importance of adhering to religious and regulatory guidelines for a successful pilgrimage.

Modern Management of the Hajj Pilgrimage

Based on the sources provided, Hajj management involves extensive efforts and various aspects overseen by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with a focus on ensuring the safety, security, and comfort of the pilgrims.

Key aspects of Hajj management mentioned in the sources include:

• Overall Efforts and Commitment: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia undertakes immense efforts and provides extensive services for the pilgrims, referred to as “guests of the الرحمن” (Rahman – The Most Gracious). This service is considered a duty that the Kingdom takes pride in performing. The leadership is keen on providing the highest level of services to the pilgrims, recognizing the significant importance of the Hajj season. These efforts are described as exemplary.
• Logistical and Infrastructure Management: Managing millions of pilgrims from over 171 countries moving simultaneously within a geographically limited space is a complex task requiring vast resources and accumulated experience, supported by the latest technologies.
• Security and Safety: Ensuring the security and safety of pilgrims at all stages of Hajj is a primary focus. This involves integrated efforts between security, military, and service agencies. Security forces play a crucial role in organizing pilgrim movement and managing crowds, particularly around the Jamarat facility. Strict compliance with regulations and instructions from relevant authorities is emphasized as a religious and ethical duty to achieve the objectives of Sharia and ensure smooth performance of rituals.
• Transportation Management: Managing transportation is critical for smooth movement between the holy sites (Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina). The Holy Sites Train plays a vital role, with its readiness overseen by the Minister of Interior. The train operates with five flexible operational movements and has a transport capacity of up to 72,000 passengers per hour. Authorities monitor the train’s operations and stations to ensure smooth movement and safety, especially during the Jamarat stoning ritual.
• Service Provision: A wide range of services, including medical, ambulance, and logistical services, are provided across the holy sites. These services are made available free of charge and are supported by the latest technologies and experienced personnel.
• Medical Management: The Ministry of Health deploys innovative solutions, such as using drones and helicopters for medical supply delivery, significantly reducing delivery time. This is a pioneering initiative globally for managing medical supplies during large gatherings. There is also a focus on monitoring and addressing heat stress among pilgrims, advising them to use umbrellas, drink plenty of water, and adhere to regulated movement plans. Integrated health services are provided through call centers like 937, offering consultations and support in multiple languages.
• Crowd Management and Flow: Security and military sectors, in coordination with other entities, supervise pilgrim movement and flow according to detailed plans. AI-powered systems using high-resolution cameras are employed to analyze crowd density, detect unusual behavior, and predict potential congestion or bottlenecks, allowing for rapid intervention and redirection of pilgrims.
• Technological Integration: Technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence, is highlighted as a strategic tool for Hajj management in 1446 AH. AI assists in analyzing data, making rapid decisions, predicting crowd movements, optimizing resource allocation, and improving the quality of services. Applications like “Tawakkalna” provide services such as weather forecasts for the holy sites, helping pilgrims plan their movements.
• Specific Ritual Management: The process for performing rituals like the Jamarat stoning is carefully managed. The facility includes multiple levels, electric escalators, and moving walkways to facilitate pilgrim movement. Preparations are made to reduce the impact of heat stress in areas like the eastern courtyard of the Jamarat facility.
• Food Security and Waste Reduction: The General Authority for Food Security launched a campaign to reduce food loss and waste during Hajj, promoting responsible consumption and food sustainability in line with Islamic teachings.
• Regulatory Compliance: Authorities strongly emphasize obtaining and complying with Hajj permits. Performing Hajj without a permit is considered a serious Sharia violation due to its disregard for regulations and harm to public interest. Security forces are actively monitoring and apprehending those attempting to perform Hajj without permits. Penalties, including fines and deportation, are in place for individuals facilitating or attempting to perform Hajj without the required permits.

Overall, Hajj management is portrayed as a massive, well-coordinated operation involving numerous governmental and private entities, leveraging technology and extensive human resources to facilitate the spiritual journey of millions of pilgrims safely and smoothly. The focus is not just on logistics but also on enhancing the pilgrims’ experience through advanced services and innovative solutions.

Hajj Pilgrim Safety and Security Management

Based on the provided sources, the management of pilgrims’ safety during Hajj is a paramount concern for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, involving extensive efforts and sophisticated strategies. Ensuring the security and safety of the pilgrims, who are referred to as “guests of the Rahman,” is considered a duty and a source of pride for the Kingdom’s leadership. This focus on safety is evident throughout all stages of the Hajj pilgrimage.

Key aspects of pilgrim safety management highlighted in the sources include:

• Overall Commitment and Scale: The Kingdom invests immense efforts and provides extensive services to ensure the safety and security of pilgrims. Managing millions of pilgrims from over 171 countries moving simultaneously in a limited geographic space is a complex undertaking that requires vast resources, accumulated experience, and the latest technologies. The Kingdom is described as having excelled globally in managing these large human crowds.
• Integrated Security Operations: Security and safety are primary focuses, involving integrated efforts among security, military, and service agencies. Security forces play a crucial role in organizing the movement of pilgrims and managing crowds. Officials, including the Minister of Interior and the Director of Public Security, oversee and review security plans and their implementation to ensure safety and tranquility. These forces work together as one team.
• Crowd Management and Flow: Managing crowd density and movement between the holy sites (Arafat, Muzdalifah, Mina) is critical for safety. The Jamarat facility, where the stoning ritual takes place, is designed with multiple levels, escalators, and moving walkways to facilitate pilgrim movement safely. Special Emergency Forces are specifically tasked with crowd management and maintaining order during the stoning ritual.
• Transportation Safety: Transportation management, particularly the Holy Sites Train, is vital for smooth and safe movement. The readiness and operation of the train are overseen by authorities to ensure smooth movement and safety, especially during peak times. Security forces are stationed at train stations to organize pedestrian flow.
• Health and Medical Safety: The Ministry of Health deploys comprehensive medical services across the holy sites. Addressing heat stress is a significant focus for pilgrim safety. Pilgrims are advised to use umbrellas, drink plenty of water, and adhere to regulated movement plans to mitigate the effects of high temperatures. Innovative solutions, such as using drones and helicopters for rapid medical supply delivery, are employed to enhance emergency response and pilgrim safety. Integrated health services, including consultations and support in multiple languages, are available through call centers like 937.
• Technological Integration: Technology, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI) and high-resolution cameras, is a strategic tool for enhancing safety and security. AI-powered systems are used to analyze crowd density, detect unusual behavior, predict potential congestion or bottlenecks, and enable rapid intervention and redirection of pilgrims. This enables proactive planning and rapid decision-making. Mobile applications, like “Tawakkalna,” provide pilgrims with essential information, such as weather forecasts for the holy sites, to help them plan their movements safely. AI can even potentially assist in detecting early health indicators like heat stress by analyzing movement patterns.
• Regulatory Compliance and Unauthorized Hajj: Adherence to regulations and instructions from relevant authorities, particularly obtaining and complying with Hajj permits, is strongly emphasized as crucial for public interest, safety, and smooth performance of rituals. Performing Hajj without a permit is considered a serious Sharia violation due to its disregard for regulations and potential harm to public safety and order. Security forces actively monitor and apprehend those attempting to perform Hajj without permits, and penalties (fines, deportation) are enforced against both individuals attempting unauthorized Hajj and those who facilitate it. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah warns against fraudulent Hajj campaigns lacking permits, emphasizing the importance of official permits for safety and tranquility.

In essence, pilgrim safety during Hajj is managed through a multi-layered approach involving extensive logistical planning, robust security presence, advanced technological systems for monitoring and crowd control, comprehensive medical services, and strict enforcement of regulations to ensure order and prevent overcrowding and associated risks. The entire operation is geared towards enabling millions of pilgrims to perform their rituals in an environment of security, safety, and tranquility.

AI’s Role in Hajj Management 1446 AH

Based on the provided sources, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is a strategic and central element in the management of Hajj for the year 1446 AH, transforming the approach from traditional methods to a more intelligent, safe, and comfortable system. This integration is seen as a qualitative leap and a “technological revolution”, showcasing the Kingdom’s commitment to adopting the latest innovations to serve the “guests of the Rahman”.

AI applications are utilized across various sectors, particularly in security and health, to manage the large human gatherings and enhance the pilgrim experience. Key applications highlighted in the sources include:

• Crowd Management and Flow Analysis: AI-powered systems, supported by a vast network of high-resolution cameras, are used as advanced analytical tools. These systems employ algorithms and deep learning to analyze millions of human behavior data points per second. They can identify crowd flows, monitor excessive densities in specific areas, detect unusual behavioral patterns, and predict potential congestion or bottlenecks. This allows for rapid intervention and proactively anticipating human bottlenecks before they escalate. For example, the system can predict dangerous congestion minutes ahead in a specific route based on current flow, enabling field teams to redirect pilgrims or adjust movement proactively.
• Real-time Monitoring and Safety Mapping: The network of smart cameras and AI provides real-time monitoring, helping to map out safety conditions. This involves analyzing camera data continuously to determine crowd density and movement dynamics.
• Predictive Planning and Strategic Simulation: AI goes beyond real-time response by anticipating future needs and simulating complex scenarios. It can predict human flow accurately at each stage of Hajj (Mina, Mas’a, Mataf, Muzdalifah, Arafat) based on historical data, pilgrim numbers, and detailed schedules. This allows for the management of human and logistical resources and the optimization of resource allocation, such as distributing meals and water proactively. AI can also simulate the impact of unexpected factors like weather changes or sudden increases in pilgrim numbers, and suggest optimal responses, enhancing readiness for potential challenges.
• Optimizing Resource Allocation and Service Quality: By accurately predicting future needs, AI plays a decisive role in allocating resources more efficiently. This includes guiding the distribution of ambulances, assigning guidance teams, and optimizing the supply of water and beverages. AI helps ensure necessary resources reach the right place at the optimal time, reducing waste and improving the quality of services for pilgrims.
• Facilitating Immediate Decision-Making: Speed in decision-making is crucial, and AI acts as a core component by providing officials in control rooms with interactive smart dashboards displaying real-time data on crowd status. It can issue proactive alerts and specific, immediate recommendations to relevant authorities, significantly reducing response time from minutes to seconds. AI can even automatically direct field teams to areas needing urgent intervention based on its analysis.
• Coordination Platform: AI can function as a unified platform for collecting and exchanging real-time information between different entities involved in Hajj management, such as security forces, health services, and logistics. This helps coordinate responses seamlessly and ensures all parties work together in harmony.
• Health and Safety Monitoring: AI and high-resolution cameras can go beyond simple monitoring to potentially detect early health indicators among pilgrims. This includes analyzing irregular walking patterns, repeated stopping, or detecting signs of fatigue or heat stress based on physical condition analysis, allowing for early medical intervention.
• Personalized Pilgrim Guidance: AI-supported applications, such as Tawakkalna, can provide pilgrims with personalized and immediate guidance based on their real geographic location and the surrounding crowd status. This includes suggesting the best times to perform rituals to avoid severe congestion, indicating less crowded and safer routes, or even offering personalized health tips based on their condition and forecasts.
• Improving Facility Dynamics: AI can contribute to improving the dynamics of transportation (like the Holy Sites Train and buses) and essential facilities by predicting congestion and suggesting alternatives.
• Enhancing Guidance Strategies: AI can analyze crowd behavior in different locations to provide valuable insights for organizing entities. This helps in understanding common behaviors, identifying areas where pilgrims tend to stop and impede flow, and developing more effective cultural awareness and behavioral guidance campaigns.

AI technologies, along with systems like “ميدان”, “بسري”, “سوهر”, “المدن الذكية”, and “روؤى”, are leveraged for data analysis and supporting decision-makers to enhance the quality of security and organizational performance in Hajj management. This integrated approach aims to ensure the safety, tranquility, and ease of the pilgrimage for millions of guests.

Securing the Hajj Pilgrimage

Based on the provided sources and our previous discussion, security efforts during Hajj are incredibly comprehensive and are considered a primary focus for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These efforts are vital for ensuring the safety, security, and tranquility of millions of pilgrims performing rituals simultaneously in a confined geographic area.

Here’s a breakdown of the security efforts:

• Overall Commitment and Priority: Ensuring the security and safety of the pilgrims is a fundamental commitment and a source of pride for the Kingdom’s leadership. It is considered a complex undertaking requiring immense resources, accumulated experience, and the latest technologies. The Kingdom has excelled globally in managing these large crowds with high professionalism.
• Integrated Operations: Security and safety are managed through integrated efforts involving various security, military, and service agencies. These forces work together as one team under the oversight of officials like the Minister of Interior and the Director of Public Security. The Minister of Interior emphasizes the importance of integration between these entities, which has contributed to achieving positive results during the pilgrims’ arrival and movement through the holy sites. They review and implement security plans to ensure the tranquility and safety of pilgrims.
• Leadership Oversight: High-ranking officials, including the Minister of Interior (who also heads the Supreme Hajj Committee) and the Director of Public Security (head of the Security Committee for Hajj), are directly involved in overseeing and reviewing security readiness and the implementation of plans. They hold meetings with security and military leaders participating in the Hajj mission.
• Operational Security & Crowd Management:Security forces are strategically positioned throughout the holy sites and on routes to organize the movement of pilgrims and manage crowds. This includes surrounding vehicle roads and pedestrian paths.
• Specific forces, such as the Special Emergency Forces and Facilities Security Forces, are tasked with crucial roles like organizing pedestrian flow, crowd management, and maintaining order, especially around critical areas like the Jamarat facility and train stations. The Minister of Interior specifically inspected the readiness of these forces.
• Managing the density and movement of pilgrims between Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina, particularly during the stoning ritual at Jamarat, is a key security task. Improvements at the Jamarat facility, including multi-level access, escalators, and moving walkways, are designed to facilitate safe movement, supported by security oversight.
• Technology Integration for Security:AI technology and high-resolution cameras are strategic tools explicitly mentioned for enhancing security and organizational performance during Hajj.
• A vast network of high-resolution cameras, functioning as “vigilant eyes,” is used for real-time monitoring across the holy sites.
• AI-powered analytical systems analyze crowd data, identify flows, monitor excessive densities, detect unusual behavior patterns, and predict potential congestion or bottlenecks. This enables rapid intervention and proactive management of human bottlenecks.
• These systems help map out safety conditions by continuously analyzing crowd density and movement dynamics.
• AI contributes to planning and simulation, accurately predicting human flow at each stage of Hajj (Mina, Mas’a, Mataf, Muzdalifah, Arafat) to optimize the allocation of human and logistical resources, including security personnel.
• Control rooms equipped with AI-powered smart dashboards provide real-time data to officials, enabling immediate decision-making and issuing proactive alerts and recommendations to relevant authorities, reducing response time significantly. AI can even automatically direct field teams to areas needing urgent intervention.
• AI can function as a unified platform for collecting and exchanging real-time information between different entities, including security forces, to coordinate responses seamlessly.
• Combating Unauthorized Hajj:A major security effort is focused on preventing and addressing Hajj without permits. Adherence to regulations and obtaining Hajj permits is strongly emphasized as crucial for public interest, safety, and the smooth performance of rituals.
• Performing Hajj without a permit is explicitly described as a serious Sharia violation due to its disregard for regulations and potential harm to public safety and order. It is considered a transgression against public interest and the instructions of the ruler.
• Security forces actively monitor and apprehend individuals attempting unauthorized Hajj. They are described as being “in the lookout” for violators.
• Strict penalties are enforced against those who attempt unauthorized Hajj and those who facilitate it, including fines (up to 20,000 SAR for individuals, up to 100,000 SAR per facilitator per violator), deportation, and entry bans into the Kingdom for specific periods (e.g., 10 years for those attempting unauthorized Hajj).
• There are warnings against fraudulent Hajj campaigns and emphasis on using official channels and permits for safety and tranquility. Security efforts include identifying and addressing fake campaigns.

In summary, security efforts during Hajj are multi-faceted, involving high-level commitment, integrated operations across various agencies, hands-on crowd management, strategic deployment of advanced technology (especially AI and cameras), and strict enforcement of regulations, particularly against unauthorized Hajj, all aimed at ensuring the safety and well-being of the pilgrims.

Hajj Infrastructure and Services: Scale, Innovation, and Management

Based on the provided sources and our conversation, the discussion on infrastructure and services during Hajj highlights the immense scale, strategic importance, and advanced implementation of the systems in place to ensure the safety, comfort, and spiritual journey of millions of pilgrims. These efforts are a source of pride for the Kingdom and are described as requiring gigantic efforts, huge capabilities, accumulated experience, and the latest technologies.

Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects related to infrastructure and services:

1. Overall Commitment and Scale:

• The Kingdom’s leadership is committed to providing the highest level of services to the guests of the Rahman, making the Hajj journey purely spiritual.
• Managing millions of pilgrims moving simultaneously in a limited geographic space is not an easy task and requires vast material and trained human capabilities. The Kingdom has excelled globally in managing these large crowds with high professionalism.
• All services are available and facilitated at all stages of Hajj.

1. Integrated Management and Oversight:

• Service provision is managed through integrated efforts involving various security, military, and service agencies. This integration has contributed to positive results in pilgrim arrival and movement.
• High-level officials oversee and review readiness and implementation of plans, emphasizing the importance of coordination between entities.

1. Key Physical Infrastructure and Facilities:

• The Holy Sites themselves (Mina, Arafat, Muzdalifah, Mas’a, Mataf) serve as the core geographical infrastructure.
• Roads and pedestrian paths are part of the infrastructure, with security monitoring to organize movement and ensure safety.
• Camps and accommodations are prepared to receive pilgrims in Arafat and Mina.
• The Jamarat facility is a crucial piece of infrastructure for the stoning ritual, featuring multi-level access, escalators, and moving walkways designed to facilitate safe crowd movement. Security forces, like the Facilities Security Forces and Special Emergency Forces, are specifically tasked with organizing pedestrian flow and crowd management around it and train stations.
• Transportation infrastructure includes the Holy Sites Train and buses. The train is highlighted as being ready for transporting pilgrims, with specific operational plans and delegation mechanisms to ensure smooth operation and safety. It consists of 17 carriages with a capacity of 3,000 passengers per train, achieving a collective capacity of 72,000 passengers per hour, operating with flexible movements at speeds up to 80 km/h.
• Development projects are undertaken in the holy sites, such as the Jabal Al-Rahma shading project. This project involves innovative umbrellas and materials (reflecting over 47% of sunlight) to mitigate heat stress, enhance pilgrim comfort and health, and is part of efforts to enrich the pilgrim experience and enable rituals with ease.
• In the context of readiness for the Eid period which overlaps with Hajj, sources also mention municipal efforts related to public interest markets, slaughterhouses, parks, gardens, and streets, including cleaning, monitoring, and beautification.

1. Essential Services Provided:

• Medical, ambulance, and supply services are provided in Arafat and throughout the holy sites with high readiness and integrated work plans.
• The Ministry of Health’s 937 Call Center offers integrated health services 24/7 via a unified number. It is staffed by specialists speaking 7 languages (Arabic, English, French, Urdu, Indonesian, Turkish, Farsi) to facilitate communication with pilgrims of various nationalities. Services include medical consultations by doctors, receiving urgent reports, coordinating with health facilities, handling complaints, and assisting in finding missing or hospitalized pilgrims.
• Innovative Medical Supply Chain: For Hajj 1446 AH, the Ministry of Health has activated drones and helicopters within the medical supply system in cooperation with NUPCO. Drones transport urgent medical items, reducing delivery time to certain facilities from an hour to about 5 minutes. Helicopters supply facilities in high-density areas to bypass traffic. These are considered pioneering initiatives in smart medical supply management for large crowds.
• Food Services & Waste Reduction: The General Food Security Authority launched the “Hajj Without Waste” campaign to raise awareness about responsible consumption and reduce food loss and waste, contributing to food sustainability and reducing environmental/economic impacts.
• Water and beverage distribution is mentioned, with AI helping optimize its allocation.
• Guidance services are provided by teams and increasingly supported by technology.

1. Technology Integration (AI, Cameras, Platforms):

• AI technology and a vast network of high-resolution cameras are central to enhancing organizational performance and managing services.
• These systems act as advanced analytical tools, analyzing human behavior data for crowd management, identifying flows, excessive densities, and predicting congestion to enable rapid intervention and proactive adjustment of movement.
• AI contributes to planning and strategic simulation, predicting human flow at each stage to optimize the allocation of human and logistical resources, including distributing meals and water proactively.
• It aids in optimizing resource allocation for services like ambulances, guidance teams, and water supplies, ensuring resources reach the right place at the optimal time.
• AI provides real-time data via smart dashboards in control rooms, facilitating immediate decision-making and issuing proactive alerts and recommendations to relevant authorities. It can even automatically direct field teams to areas needing urgent intervention.
• AI can serve as a unified platform for collecting and exchanging real-time information among different service entities (health, logistics) for seamless coordination.
• AI-supported applications, like “Tawakkalna”, offer personalized guidance to pilgrims based on their location and crowd status, suggesting optimal times/routes to avoid congestion or providing personalized health tips. Tawakkalna specifically provides daily weather forecasts to help pilgrims plan their movements and rituals.
• AI helps improve the dynamics of transportation (train, buses) and essential facilities by predicting congestion and suggesting alternatives.
• Specific platforms mentioned in the Hajj Operations Center supporting data analysis and decision-makers for organizational performance include “Midan”, “Basri”, “Sohar”, “Smart Cities”, and “Ru’a”.

1. Regulations and Compliance:

• Adherence to regulations, instructions, and guidelines for Hajj organization is emphasized as crucial for public interest, safety, and the smooth performance of rituals. This adherence is seen as a religious and ethical duty.
• Official platforms like “Nusuk” and “Tasreeh” are used for issuing Hajj permits, and Hajj companies are expected to cooperate to ensure pilgrims perform rituals safely and easily using official channels.
• Municipalities intensify monitoring of facilities like markets and slaughterhouses to ensure they meet health and technical requirements before and during the Hajj/Eid period.

In essence, the infrastructure and services for Hajj are not static but are being actively developed and enhanced, particularly through the strategic integration of technology like AI and drones, to manage the complexities of hosting millions while prioritizing pilgrim safety, health, and ease in line with the goals of the Guests of Rahman Program and Vision 2030.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These articles from Al-Riyadh newspaper cover a range of topics on June 5, 2025. Several pieces focus on preparations and services for the Hajj pilgrimage, highlighting efforts to manage large crowds through technology and integrated systems, as well as ensuring the safety and well-being of pilgrims. Other articles address global economic and political issues, including the stability of the gold and oil markets, the impact of trade tensions, and legal proceedings related to war crimes. Finally, the sources touch upon technological advancements, specifically the increasing role of artificial intelligence and the potential for new energy sources.

Saudi Arabia’s Hajj Management: Services and Security

Hajj is a fundamental religious observance in Islam, holding immense religious symbolism and historical significance. It is considered a strategic priority and represents the core principles of equality and devotion before the Creator. This great religious duty involves millions of pilgrims from around the world gathering in the Holy Sites. For Hajj 2025, it was anticipated that over 2 million pilgrims from 183 countries would participate, marking a 12% increase from the 2024 season.

Saudi Arabia, under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince, regards the service of pilgrims as a significant responsibility and honor. This dedication has been a constant since the Kingdom’s establishment. It is viewed as a comprehensive national, human, and spiritual undertaking. The primary objective is to ensure a safe, convenient, and well-organized Hajj experience for all pilgrims.

To achieve this, the Kingdom has undertaken extensive infrastructure development and implemented various services:

• Significant projects include the development and shading of areas in Muzdalifah and Arafat, featuring structures and mist pillars to enhance the pilgrims’ experience. There are also initiatives to cool and shade pathways with mist fans to mitigate the effects of direct sunlight heat.
• Transportation services have been enhanced, with efforts to ensure seamless entry into Mina and the absence of unauthorized buses on pilgrim routes. The Mashaaer train operates as a shuttle service during the Hajj period. The Haramain High-Speed Railway runs frequently between King Abdulaziz Airport in Jeddah and Makkah, reducing travel time significantly. Medina buses provide shuttle services specifically for Arafat Day and Eid prayer, without disrupting the regular public transport schedule.
• Cleanliness and waste management are prioritized, with electric waste compactors and ground storage units provided. Modern technologies and a large workforce are utilized for cleaning operations in Makkah and the Holy Sites.
• Facilities at Miqats and associated mosques, such as Al-Sail Al-Kabeer, Wadi Muhrim, Yalamlam, Qarn Al-Manazil, and Al-Juhfa, as well as Al-Tan’eem and Al-Ja’ranah mosques, have been developed and expanded. This includes widening pathways, organizing entry and exit, and increasing prayer areas.

Sophisticated management systems and technology play a critical role in organizing Hajj:

• An integrated operational system relies on spatial readiness, real-time analysis, and continuous improvement to manage the Hajj ecosystem.
• The Command and Control Center in Mina functions as the central hub for security operations, enabling monitoring, crowd management, and quick decision-making. It is equipped with advanced surveillance and data analysis systems.
• Digital transformation efforts include using digital maps and rapid translation apps to assist lost pilgrims. The 911 unified security operations center utilizes automated systems to handle emergency calls and forward them to relevant authorities. Technology, including AI and drones, is employed for crowd management and transportation planning.
• The “Hajj without a Bag” initiative facilitates services for arriving pilgrims at Taif Airport.
• The “Makkah Route” initiative, which began in 2018, simplifies entry procedures for pilgrims from selected countries, demonstrating high satisfaction levels among beneficiaries.
• A new methodology, “The Hidden Pilgrim,” is being piloted to assess the quality of services provided by government entities from the perspective of a regular pilgrim.
• Real-time indicators and data analysis support decision-making and resource allocation.

Ensuring the safety and security of pilgrims is paramount:

• Strict security checkpoints are established at entrances to Makkah and surrounding areas, with comprehensive surveillance rings to enforce regulations.
• The campaign slogan, “The pilgrim is in our eyes, and whoever violates is in our grasp,” conveys the Kingdom’s welcoming approach alongside its firm stance against any breaches of security or regulations.
• Severe penalties, including imprisonment, significant fines, and deportation, are imposed on individuals caught transporting illegal pilgrims.
• The National Guard actively participates in securing the Hajj season.
• The necessity of obtaining Hajj permits is stressed to ensure orderly movement and prevent dangerous overcrowding. The Council of Senior Scholars supports this requirement, stating that performing Hajj without a permit is not permissible.
• Advanced technology like AI and drones are used by security forces for monitoring and management.

Comprehensive health services are provided to pilgrims:

• The Ministry of Health offers integrated health services across the Holy Sites.
• Mobile units and field hospitals are deployed in key locations to provide immediate care.
• Health services are aligned with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030.
• The “Prevention Before Treatment” initiative addresses heat-related risks, using smart bracelets for vulnerable pilgrims and deploying mobile cooling units.
• A dedicated Hajj health application allows pilgrims to book appointments at clinics.

The human and social dimension of Hajj is also emphasized:

• Hajj is a powerful event that fosters international acquaintance and peaceful coexistence, bringing together people of diverse backgrounds.
• Saudis, across different age groups, actively participate as volunteers in Mina and the Holy Sites, assisting pilgrims with guidance, distribution of food and water, and other support.
• Volunteering during Hajj provides Saudis with valuable skills and strengthens their connection to the nation and the service of guests.
• Saudi women play a significant and active role in serving pilgrims across various sectors, including health, security, and volunteering, showcasing their professionalism and readiness.
• The “Adahi” project facilitates the ritual sacrifice and ensures the organized distribution of meat to eligible recipients domestically and internationally. This program, overseen by the Royal Commission for Makkah City and Holy Sites, has undergone operational advancements and utilizes a digital monitoring system.
• Pilgrims hosted under special programs, such as those from Palestine, Iraq, and Indonesia, have expressed gratitude and praised the exceptional services, hospitality, and smooth procedures they experienced. Pilgrims who are families of martyrs and injured individuals from operations like “Decisive Storm” and “Restoring Hope” were also hosted by the Ministry of Defense.

Overall, the sources highlight that Hajj management in Saudi Arabia is a complex, multi-faceted operation that integrates advanced technology, robust security, comprehensive health services, and dedicated human efforts within a strategic framework aimed at continuously enhancing the pilgrim experience and ensuring the safety and comfort of all who undertake this significant journey.

Global Markets and Saudi Economy Update

Based on the sources, the discussion of Economic and Financial Markets covers several areas, including the Saudi stock market, global commodity markets like gold, oil, and gas, currency movements, broader global economic factors like trade tensions and central bank policies, and specific economic sectors in Saudi Arabia such as real estate, artificial intelligence, entertainment, and media.

Saudi Arabian Markets:

• The main Saudi stock market index closed higher, gaining 172.10 points to close at 11004.53. The value of traded shares reached 4.6 billion riyals. 183 million shares were traded. Shares of 191 companies increased in value, while 50 companies saw a decrease. Some companies with the largest increases included Acwa Power, Tabuk Cement, Burgerizzr, Al-Babtain, and Saudi Cement. Companies with the largest decreases included Saudi Research and Media Group, Jadwa REIT Saudi, Aldawaa, and Al Mo’ather REIT, with declines ranging between 6.33% and 7.03%.
• The Saudi Parallel Market index (Nomu) also closed higher, gaining 257.90 points to close at 27307.74. Traded values exceeded 27 million riyals, with over 3 million shares traded.
• Companies with the highest trading activity by quantity included Acwa Power, STC, Al-Rajhi, and Al Ahli. The most active companies by value were Acwa Power, Al-Rajhi, Al Ahli, Saudi Electricity Company, Saudi Industrial Investment Company, and Americana.
• Regarding the Riyadh real estate market, there is anticipation for the Royal Commission for Riyadh City’s announcement about a platform for submitting residential land applications, guided by the Crown Prince to address high land and rent prices and achieve market balance. This is part of a series of measures aiming for a stable housing market by controlling supply and demand, reducing discontinuations, and limiting speculation. Follow-up showed positive engagement and market correction. Some have questioned the effectiveness of these measures. The article emphasizes that real estate balance is a national, human, and developmental vision for building a suitable nation.

Global Commodity Markets:

• Gold: Spot gold prices remained stable at $3,351.49 per ounce, while US gold futures were stable at $3,375. Factors supporting gold include US job data, trade uncertainty between the US and China, geopolitical tensions, and central bank caution. Gold tends to perform well during periods of economic uncertainty. Escalating military action between Russia and Ukraine, and reports of stalled Iran nuclear talks, also kept markets focused on safe havens like gold. Gold’s volatile performance was mainly due to improved risk appetite following anticipated US-China talks. The market saw renewed demand after Ukraine’s strikes against Russia.
• Oil: Crude oil prices fell due to concerns about OPEC+ production increases and tensions over tariffs threatening global economic forecasts, although concerns about Canadian supply disruption limited the decline. Brent futures fell 17 cents to $65.46 per barrel, while WTI fell 19 cents to $63.22 per barrel. Prices had risen earlier due to Canadian wildfires and expectations of Iran rejecting a US proposal regarding the nuclear deal. Analysts noted that despite supply concerns, oil markets struggled to maintain gains, as OPEC+ increases limit upward movement. Analysts expect the current decline in the front end of the crude oil futures curve is a result of significant inventory drawdowns since the beginning of the year.
• OPEC+ production increases limit upward movement. Eight OPEC+ countries agreed on May 31 to accelerate voluntary oil production cuts, collectively increasing output by 411,000 barrels per day in July. OPEC indicated that stable global economic forecasts and sound market fundamentals, along with declining oil inventories, were reasons for this increase.
• India’s Minister of Petroleum expects global crude oil prices to range around $65 per barrel in the future, noting sufficient supply. Lower oil prices help India reduce its import bill and encourage refineries to diversify supply sources. India spends around $150 billion annually on oil imports, and a 20% price drop could save $30 billion. India has diversified its oil purchase sources from 27 countries previously to 39 recently, and started buying from Argentina, bringing the total to 40. India is intensifying talks with countries in South America to boost energy relations. Reforms in India’s domestic oil sector are expected to reduce reliance on imports in the future. India aims to exploit untapped oil reserves by opening new offshore areas for exploration and has increased its sedimentary basin exploration area from 6% to 10% in the last decade, targeting 15% soon.
• Natural Gas: India is the fourth largest importer of natural gas globally. The country aims to increase the share of gas in its energy mix to 15% by 2030. India is looking to increase purchases of US LNG and is considering proposals to cancel import taxes on it. Indian companies are in talks with US firms for additional LNG sources. Shell has taken a positive final investment decision on the Aphrodite gas project offshore Trinidad and Tobago, expected to start production in 2027. This project, along with the Dragon field, aims to supply gas to the Atlantic LNG facility in Trinidad.

Currencies and Other Financial Assets:

• The Dollar saw some strength due to speculation about US-China trade talks and confirmation from Federal Reserve officials that interest rates would remain unchanged in the near term. The Dollar index, which measures the US currency against six major currencies, stood at 99.31.
• The Euro remained stable against the Dollar at 1.1368.
• Among other precious metals, silver fell, platinum rose, and palladium fell in spot trading.
• In industrial metals, copper prices received some support from hopes of easing economic pressure on China. Futures for copper rose on the London Metal Exchange and in the United States.

Broader Global Economic Context:

• Global stock markets saw Asian stocks rise, driven by technology shares, while the Dollar fell. Investor focus was on the pace of trade negotiations and uncertainty about progress. European stock futures indicated a higher opening ahead of the ECB meeting.
• South Korean stocks and currency rose following the election of the liberal candidate, boosting hopes for economic stimulus and market reforms. The KOSPI index rose over 2% to its highest level since August 2024.
• US job opportunities increased in April, but layoffs also rose, suggesting a slowdown in the labor market amidst gloomy economic forecasts due to tariffs.
• The OECD warned of a sharper-than-expected global economic slowdown, attributing it mainly to the repercussions of the US trade policy. The OECD forecast the global economy to slow from 3.3% last year to 2.9% in 2025 and 2026.
• US-China trade tensions remain a key factor. The US is raising tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from 25% to 50% effective Wednesday. The US President called reaching an agreement with China’s Xi Jinping “very difficult”. The US had accused China of violating a trade agreement, which Beijing denied.
• Central banks use interest rates to control inflation. Lower rates can stimulate economic growth and demand. A Federal Reserve official noted that inflation from US tariffs on imports might be quick, but the economic slowdown caused by tariffs will take longer.
• The US public debt reached approximately $36.2 trillion by June 2025, equaling about 124% of US GDP. US bonds are the main borrowing tool for the US government. The US faces risks if Congress refuses to raise the debt ceiling to meet federal obligations. A Moody’s report predicted US interest costs would rise to $1.8 trillion by 2035. The agency had downgraded the US credit rating from Aaa to Aa1 in May 2025 due to concerns about debt growth, rising cost of debt, and chronic fiscal deficit.

Economic Sectors in Saudi Arabia:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Saudi Arabia leads globally in government AI strategy standards according to the Global AI Index for 2024. A Saudi AI company, Humainy, was founded in May by the Crown Prince. A strategic partnership was signed between Humainy and Nvidia (an American company considered a cornerstone of AI technology). The deal focuses on acquiring advanced GPU processors. The Saudi AI sector is expected to reach around $140 billion in the next five years.
• Entertainment and Leisure: The Saudi Entertainment and Amusement (SEA) Expo is highlighted as a strategic platform for the sector. The seventh edition attracts decision-makers seeking growth opportunities in Saudi Arabia’s fast-growing market. The event facilitates direct deals, partnerships, and knowledge exchange. Discussions at the SEA Summit included interactive technology, AI, e-sports, and designing sustainable entertainment destinations. Partnerships were signed during the event, reflecting the sector’s adoption of specialized solutions. The expo supports Vision 2030 goals to build a competitive entertainment sector, diversify the economy, and create jobs.
• Media and Advertising: The media sector in Saudi Arabia is undergoing strategic transformations, supporting Vision 2030 by enhancing quality of life and presenting the Kingdom’s vision. The media landscape, including television, radio, and digital platforms, has seen growth and attracted investment. Regulatory frameworks are in place to organize the media market and protect consumers. The sector’s economic contribution is noted, providing opportunities for local and international investors. The return of cinema and awards has boosted production companies.

The sources paint a complex picture of interconnected economic and financial markets, influenced by global trade dynamics, geopolitical events, and national policies, alongside specific developments within the Saudi Arabian economy and its strategic Vision 2030 initiatives.

Global Dynamics and Saudi Engagements

Based on the sources provided and our conversation history, the topic of International Relations is discussed through several lenses, including global conflicts, diplomatic engagements, international economic dynamics, and multilateral cooperation efforts.

Global Conflicts and Tensions:

• The sources detail ongoing Israeli aggressions in the Gaza Strip, including intense shelling and raids. This has resulted in rising casualties and a severe humanitarian situation, with hospitals facing critical conditions. International pressure is mounting for an immediate ceasefire. There is a notable lack of international protection for civilians and aid facilities in Gaza. The sources mention specific developments like the Canadian police opening an investigation into potential war crimes in Gaza involving Israeli soldiers who hold Canadian citizenship, and a reported decline in public support for Israel in Europe. Aid distribution in Gaza has faced challenges, with reports of centers closing, an organization supported by the US and Israel halting distribution, and the Israeli army stating centers would be closed due to “renewal and organization” work. Concerns have been raised about the transparency and neutrality of aid organizations receiving support from the US and Israel. The sources also report on Israeli forces conducting raids and demolishing infrastructure in Palestinian territories like Tubas.
• The war in Ukraine is highlighted with concerns about escalating risks. A US official noted that the situation is “heating up in a big way” after Ukrainian forces used cruise missiles to target Russian bombers. There are warnings about the potential for a nuclear accident in Ukraine due to continued aerial attacks, a concern reiterated by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). IAEA experts are present at nuclear power plants in Ukraine. The UK has pledged to provide Ukraine with 100,000 drones by the end of the year as part of its military support. A Russian security official was reported to have arrived in North Korea to meet with its leader.

International Diplomacy and Bilateral Relations:

• The Arab League has called for an end to the war in Gaza and the implementation of UN Security Council and General Assembly decisions. They demand the end of the Israeli occupation and urge global recognition of a Palestinian state based on international legitimacy resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative.
• Specific bilateral engagements mentioned include congratulations from the Saudi King and Crown Prince to the newly elected President of Korea, highlighting the distinguished relations between the two countries.
• Saudi Arabia’s consistent position in supporting the Palestinian cause, politically, economically, and religiously, is acknowledged by a Palestinian official who expressed gratitude for the Kingdom’s hospitality towards Palestinian pilgrims.
• The sources mention a book discussing Algeria’s presence in Saudi literature, noting Saudi Arabia’s historical support for the Algerian cause since its revolution.
• Saudi Arabia hosted families of martyrs and injured individuals from Yemeni forces participating in the “Operation Decisive Storm” and “Operation Restore Hope” campaigns. This initiative is presented as reflecting Saudi Arabia’s status as a beacon for the Muslim world and its effort to strengthen Islamic ties.

International Economic Dynamics and Trade:

• Trade tensions, particularly between the US and China, are a significant factor influencing markets. The US President has raised tariffs on steel and aluminum imports and described reaching an agreement with China as “very difficult”. The OECD has warned that the repercussions of US trade policy are a main cause of a sharper-than-expected global economic slowdown. While some trade talks were anticipated, uncertainty about progress remains. Other countries like the UK (initially) and Mexico have reacted to the US tariff policies.
• Global oil and gas markets are discussed, including the impact of OPEC+ production decisions on prices. India’s role as a major oil and gas importer is detailed, along with its efforts to diversify supply sources from numerous countries. India is also exploring boosting energy relations with South American countries and is interested in increasing purchases of US LNG. US sanctions have impacted Russian oil sales.
• Challenges within the international airline industry related to meeting emission targets and the reliance on sustainable aviation fuel are mentioned.

International Cooperation and Saudi Arabia’s Role:

• Saudi Arabia plays a significant role in facilitating international gatherings, particularly the Hajj pilgrimage, which involves pilgrims from numerous countries. Initiatives like the “Makkah Route” program, involving cooperation with seven countries, aim to streamline the entry and experience of pilgrims. The Kingdom has also implemented advanced technological systems for crowd and safety management during Hajj, including collaborations with experts from countries like Singapore and Japan for the “Digital Hajj” conference.
• Beyond Hajj, Saudi Arabia is positioning itself as a global center for developing solutions to major human challenges. This includes signing a cooperation agreement with the WHO to establish a global center for disaster management training. A WHO report praised Saudi Arabia’s model of combining technological innovation and human compassion in managing large gatherings.
• In the field of Artificial Intelligence, a strategic partnership has been formed between the newly founded Saudi AI company, Humainy, and the American company, Nvidia, focusing on acquiring advanced processors. This is highlighted as a significant step in international collaboration in AI.

The sources collectively illustrate that international relations are currently shaped by ongoing conflicts, significant trade tensions, dynamic energy markets, and various instances of bilateral and multilateral cooperation, with Saudi Arabia actively engaging on multiple fronts, including regional conflicts, economic partnerships, and global initiatives related to humanitarian efforts and technology.

Global Energy Markets and Supply Dynamics

Based on the information from the sources, the discussion around Oil and Energy covers several key areas, including global market dynamics, geopolitical influences, energy security and diversification efforts, developments in specific energy projects, and initiatives towards sustainable energy and addressing risks.

Global Oil Market and Prices:

• Global crude oil prices are expected to be around $65 per barrel in the future perspective, according to India’s Petroleum Minister. This is a decrease compared to March ($73) and April ($68).
• Several factors are influencing oil prices. There are voluntary production cuts by eight OPEC+ countries. However, these same countries agreed to increase their crude oil production by 411,000 barrels per day in July. This is the third consecutive monthly increase in quotas.
• The sources indicate that global production of oil and liquids is expected to grow much faster than oil demand.
• Stable global economic forecasts, lower oil inventories, and sound market fundamentals are cited as reasons for the quota increases.
• Sustainable production increases are anticipated to negatively affect oil prices, especially after the summer.
• In the short term, oil prices saw a decrease influenced by concerns over OPEC+ production increases and trade tensions. This followed gains the previous week, which were driven by concerns over Canadian supply disruptions and stalled Iran nuclear talks.
• Analysts note that the market is finding it difficult to extend gains despite supply concerns, due to the OPEC+ increases. The forward price curve for crude oil shows a premium for prompt delivery over later months (contango), suggesting that the market anticipates future stagnation due to planned supply increases and a broader slowdown in the global economy.

Geopolitical Influences and Supply Concerns:

• Trade tensions, particularly between the US and China, are contributing to uncertainty and impacting economic outlooks, which in turn affects energy markets.
• The war in Ukraine continues to pose risks related to nuclear safety due to continued aerial attacks. The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has warned about the danger of a nuclear accident in Ukraine. IAEA experts are present at nuclear power plants in Ukraine.
• US sanctions on Moscow have impacted Russian oil sales, leading India to become the largest buyer of seaborne Russian oil offered at a discount. An Indian oil company anticipates a likely decrease in Russian oil imports due to recent US sanctions. The sanctions are reported to have caused “colossal losses” and legal issues globally. Russia is the world’s second-largest crude producer after the United States.
• Supply disruptions due to Canadian wildfires have provided some support to oil prices by reducing output. Estimates suggest the fires are affecting around 350,000 barrels per day or about 7% of Canada’s total crude production. Some analysts believe the reduction in Canadian supply could offset more than half of the planned OPEC+ increases next month.
• Geopolitical factors like the Ukraine war and the stalled Iran nuclear talks add a risk premium to prices, although their immediate impact seems limited.

India’s Energy Security and Diversification:

• India is a major importer of oil and gas, spending around $150 billion annually on oil imports. A 20% drop in oil prices could save India $30 billion.
• India has been actively diversifying its oil supply sources, buying from around 40 countries. It has recently started purchasing crude oil from Argentina. India is looking to boost energy relations with countries in South America.
• The country encourages domestic exploration and production to reduce reliance on imports. India has increased its exploration area in sedimentary basins and has seen some success in recent exploration operations.
• In the natural gas sector, India is the fourth-largest importer of LNG globally. It imported 26.58 million metric tons last year. The United States is the second-largest supplier of LNG to India.
• India is considering removing tariffs on US LNG imports to boost purchases and reduce its trade surplus with the US. Indian companies are also negotiating with US firms for additional LNG supplies. India aims to increase the share of gas in its energy mix from the current 6.2% to 15% by 2030.

Other Energy Developments and Projects:

• In Trinidad and Tobago, Shell has made a final investment decision on the Aphrodite gas project. Production is expected to start in 2027 and reach a peak of 18,400 barrels of oil equivalent per day. This gas will be used by the Atlantic LNG plant in Trinidad, where Shell holds a 45% stake and which is currently facing gas shortages. The project is expected to expand Shell’s integrated gas business and leverage existing assets in a region known for abundant gas.
• The international airline industry faces significant challenges in meeting emissions targets due to the low production and high cost of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Airlines aim for net-zero emissions by 2050, but SAF production is only expected to reach 2 million tons in 2025, representing just 0.7% of their fuel consumption. Airlines are calling for greater action from energy companies and partners to increase SAF volumes. Long-term purchase agreements are seen as necessary.

Sustainable Energy Initiatives:

• As part of the “Green Hajj” initiative, Saudi Arabia installed 50 megawatts of solar power units in Mina and Arafat, which are projected to provide 40% of the electricity needs in the holy sites. This initiative also included distributing reusable water bottles to reduce plastic waste.

Saudi Arabia’s AI Strategy and Hajj Management

Based on the information from the sources, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is discussed primarily in the context of Saudi Arabia’s technological advancements, economic development, and its application in managing large-scale events like Hajj. The sources also provide a brief historical overview of the field.

Here’s a breakdown of the discussion on AI:

1. Saudi Arabia’s Strategic Focus on AI:

• Saudi Arabia is noted for its significant progress in AI, having topped the global AI index in 2024.
• This strategic focus is highlighted by the establishment of a Saudi AI company named “Humania” by the Crown Prince during his visit to US President Donald Trump.
• A strategic partnership was signed between Humania and the US company Nvidia. Nvidia is referred to as an “AI giant” and holds a significant share of the global AI processor market, estimated at 85%.
• The partnership specifically involves access to advanced GPUs, including the GH300 processors, making Humania the first non-US company to acquire them. Other GPUs mentioned in this context are the H100 and A100.
• The sources express hope that Humania will benefit from Nvidia’s pioneering experience to help localize the chip industry, train Saudi talent, and potentially involve the Ministries of Education and Human Resources.
• The forecast for the value of the Saudi AI sector is estimated to reach around $140 billion in the next five years.

1. Application of AI in Hajj Management:

• AI techniques are being practically applied to enhance the management of Hajj.
• In the Command and Control center in Mina, AI techniques are being used for the first time this Hajj season as part of the latest technologies for real-time monitoring and managing crowd density and light transport.
• The successful Hajj season of 2025, which saw over 2 million pilgrims, is described as a result of a cumulative strategy utilizing “smart technologies”, which include AI techniques, thermal cameras, drones, and data analysis algorithms used to determine pilgrim paths with 98% accuracy.
• The application of Saudi AI in crowd management was a specific topic of study at the “Digital Hajj” conference, attended by experts from Singapore and Japan.

1. Historical Context of AI:

• The sources briefly trace the origins of AI, noting that the fundamental question of whether machines can think was posed by the mathematician Alan Turing in the mid-1950s.
• The term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined in 1956.
• Early AI programs developed include Logic Theorist and ELIZA.
• Significant developments over the years included the creation of neural networks and algorithms like backpropagation.
• Milestones such as Deep Blue defeating a world chess champion in 1997 are mentioned, marking AI’s entry into professional competitive arenas.
• AI has since become integrated into daily life, found in devices like smart vacuum cleaners, cooking appliances, self-driving cars, and phones.
• The field has progressed to generative AI, with successful models like GPT emerging around 2022.
• The need for ethical guidelines and “red lines” for generative AI is highlighted due to potential misuse and risks like academic dishonesty.

1. AI in Other Contexts:

• Artificial Intelligence was listed as one of the key topics discussed at the SEA Expo 2025, an exhibition focused on the entertainment and leisure sector in Saudi Arabia.

Overall, the sources portray AI as a strategically important and rapidly developing field, particularly for Saudi Arabia, where it is being leveraged for economic growth and the technological enhancement of services, especially in managing large gatherings like the Hajj.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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These articles from Al Riyadh newspaper provide a diverse snapshot of current events and ongoing initiatives in Saudi Arabia. Multiple sources highlight the Kingdom’s significant efforts in facilitating the Hajj pilgrimage, detailing preparations, security measures, and comprehensive services for pilgrims. The articles also touch upon Saudi Arabia’s expanding economic landscape, specifically mentioning growth in the asset management and real estate sectors, and discuss broader geopolitical and economic matters, including the war in Gaza, aid efforts in Sudan, and the impact of global trade policies. Finally, there are pieces covering cultural topics like poetry and arts, as well as sports news.

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Serving the Hajj Pilgrims: A Comprehensive Overview

Hajj is described in the sources as a great act of worship. Millions of Muslim pilgrims journey annually to the holiest places on Earth to perform the fifth pillar of Islam. It is an immense spiritual journey, but managing the large crowds, mixing of people, and open environments presents a unique health challenge.

Key rituals mentioned include the Day of Tarwiyah, which pilgrims spend in Mina on the eighth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, praying for acceptance and forgiveness. This is a confirmed Sunnah for those performing Hajj Ifrad or Qiran. Pilgrims performing Hajj Tamattu’ enter Ihram from their locations in or outside Mecca before heading to Mina. After sunrise on the ninth day of Dhu al-Hijjah (Day of Arafat), pilgrims proceed to Arafat for the standing, which is considered the greatest pillar of Hajj. After Arafat, they move to Muzdalifah before returning to Mina for the stoning of the Jamarat on specified days.

Serving the pilgrims is highlighted as a great honor and a national duty and priority for Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom’s commitment to pilgrims is reflected in its continuous development of the Hajj system, ensuring a dignified environment that respects human dignity and considers the diverse cultural and religious backgrounds of pilgrims from different nationalities.

The sources detail a comprehensive range of services provided to ensure the safety, comfort, and spiritual fulfillment of the pilgrims:

• Infrastructure and Site Preparation:
• Mina is prepared to host the pilgrims on the Day of Tarwiyah with full readiness for crowd management and ensuring their smooth movement, reinforcing the Kingdom’s mission in serving the pilgrims. Mina holds historical significance, being the site of Abraham’s stoning of the devil and the two pledges of Aqabah. Notable landmarks include the three Jamarat and Al-Khayf Mosque.
• Arafat is also prepared to receive pilgrims, with clear signs of renewal and development in sustainable infrastructure, including modern tents, prayer areas, and extensive tree planting. Projects include cooling walkways for pedestrians covering 60,000 sqm to reduce the impact of direct sun and heat stress, and misting fans in areas like the Mount of Mercy and the plazas around Namirah Mosque.
• Water Services: Infrastructure projects in Arafat include installing 2400 drinking water fountains along pedestrian paths to facilitate quick and safe access to clean water, especially during peak hours and high temperatures. The water system’s efforts are showcased at the “Hajj Media Forum”.
• Waste Management: A project to establish 70 centers for charity distribution aims to improve environmental impact and reduce waste from distribution operations.
• Health and Medical Services:
• The Ministry of Health, in cooperation with relevant entities, implements a comprehensive medical plan, reflecting the high level of preparedness.
• Hajj season has seen significant development in health and preventive readiness, moving beyond simply providing masks and sanitizers to comprehensive, coordinated plans implemented accurately in every area of the Holy Sites. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly contributed to raising awareness and readiness.
• Preventive measures are the first line of defense, ensuring the continuity and regularity of this religious obligation. Strategies are updated based on global and local health challenges.
• A vast network of medical personnel, volunteers, and official cadres work tirelessly behind the scenes. They apply instructions, guide pilgrims, and intervene when needed, forming a real part of the prevention system.
• Preventive strategies have contributed to reducing infection rates from communicable diseases to very low levels.
• Key health challenges include high temperatures and heat stress, as well as respiratory and digestive illnesses. Measures include providing fluids to pilgrims showing signs of heat stress and temporary cooling centers.
• Efforts focus on controlling respiratory illnesses through necessary vaccinations, distributing masks, and increased sanitization.
• Ministry of Defense health services operate 36 health centers with a capacity exceeding 1,040 beds, staffed by over 1,790 health and administrative personnel in hospitals and clinics across the Holy Sites.
• The Saudi Red Crescent Authority deploys over 120 ambulance units across Mecca and the Holy Sites, supported by over 100 vehicles, including 12 advanced units and 3 golf carts for difficult-to-reach areas. They have over 160 emergency medical technicians and are ready to handle disasters and crises. More than 550 volunteers work around the clock in over 200 volunteer teams.
• Riyadh Health Cluster One implemented health initiatives including “Hajj Health Tent” to receive and educate pilgrims, providing health checks and consultations. They also offer checks and guidance for bus drivers and pilgrims on the route to Mecca.
• A successful complex C-section on a patient weighing 300 kg was performed at Sabya General Hospital in Jazan Health Cluster, highlighting the medical team’s capability to handle complex cases.
• Security Services:
• Security agencies intensify their presence at the entrances of the Holy Capital to prevent violators from entering and to ensure compliance with Hajj regulations. This includes fixed and mobile checkpoints on all roads leading to Mecca.
• The strong security presence aims to organize pilgrim movement, prevent unauthorized entry, and protect the safety and security of pilgrims, avoiding human bottlenecks.
• Modern technology, including smart monitoring via cameras and security platforms, supports field teams capable of immediate response to infiltration attempts.
• Transferring or assisting violators is considered a serious offense.
• Ministry of Interior efforts are part of an integrated security and service system to enable pilgrims to perform rituals in a safe and organized environment.
• Ministry of Defense forces participate in security aspects, represented by military police in the Holy Sites, organizing crowds and securing vital locations.
• Logistical and Transportation Services:
• Ministry of Defense forces contribute to traffic flow management at main crossing points.
• Ministry of Defense air forces provide advanced air support, including surveillance and securing the skies over the Holy Sites.
• Ministry of Defense naval forces participate in securing maritime entry points and dealing with suspicious materials. They also support rescue efforts through diving teams.
• Ministry of Defense land forces contribute with specialized infantry units.
• Guidance, Awareness, and Communication:
• The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah, and Guidance intensifies its efforts in providing religious guidance and legal rulings to pilgrims.
• Field awareness programs include lectures and guidance lessons in designated prayer areas.
• Inquiries are answered via dedicated phone numbers.
• Translated versions of the Holy Quran and guidance materials are distributed.
• Scholars provide daily legal lessons presented accurately.
• The ministry’s activities also include overseeing the women’s section for guidance, offering similar programs by female preachers, distributing copies of the Quran, and translated booklets and Qurans.
• Um Al-Qura University, through its Institute of Hajj and Umrah Research, trains personnel serving pilgrims, provides research and translation services, awareness, guidance, communication, and media support.
• The unified care center 1966 operates 24/7 to ensure rapid response and effective support for pilgrims. It provides services in over 11 languages, covering all stages of the journey from before arrival to after departure. Services include receiving inquiries, reports, suggestions, and complaints. It utilizes modern technology for quick response times, averaging 41 seconds. Access is available via a unified number, international number, email, and the Nusuk application.
• Awareness campaigns are conducted in multiple languages to educate pilgrims on preventive measures and encourage cooperation. These messages are not built randomly but are based on respect for the pilgrim. Warnings are issued via phone apps and smart screens.
• Strategic communication plays a role in shaping international perception and countering misinformation.
• Legal Services:
• The Ministry of Justice has prepared 18 judicial circuits to handle cases within the Holy Sites (Mina, Arafat).
• Five mobile justice writing units are available to meet pilgrims’ documentation needs efficiently and quickly.
• Pilgrims can also benefit from over 160 electronic services via the ‘Najiz’ platform and its application.
• Hosting Special Guests:
• The program of Guests of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques for Hajj, Umrah, and Visit hosts thousands of individuals annually from across the Islamic world, reflecting the leadership’s attention to pilgrims.
• The second batch of 500 pilgrims from Gaza has arrived, bringing the total number of hosted pilgrims from Gaza to 1000 this year, as part of the generous directives. Pilgrims expressed gratitude to the Kingdom’s government for facilitating their Hajj. One hosted pilgrim from Uruguay shared his experience of fulfilling his dream of Hajj after 20 years of embracing Islam.

The sources also provide historical accounts from travelers who documented their Hajj journeys and the conditions they encountered, offering insights into services and challenges from past eras. For example, accounts mention the presence of scholars and their role in knowledge exchange. Traveler Muhammad Labib al-Batanuni described the health situation in Mecca as poor, noting a lack of hospitals. Abdul Salam bin Muhammad al-Tamkarouti documented pilgrims’ poor behavior, like crowding. The British explorer Arthur documented his journey on the Hijaz railway in 1908 during the Ottoman era, noting the resistance of some local tribes to foreign control over the region and their attacks on the train. These historical accounts highlight the evolving nature of services and the continuous efforts to improve the Hajj experience.

In conclusion, serving the pilgrims during Hajj is a multifaceted operation involving numerous entities and services, from basic needs like water and healthcare to complex logistical, security, and legal support. It is presented in the sources as a monumental effort, reflecting the Kingdom’s deep commitment to its role as the host of the Two Holy Mosques.

Saudi Arabia’s Economic Transformation and Growth

Based on the sources provided, Saudi Arabia’s economy is undergoing significant transformations and experiencing growth driven primarily by its non-oil sectors, reflecting the objectives of Vision 2030.

Here’s a discussion of Saudi economic growth based on the sources:

• Overall GDP Growth: The Saudi economy achieved a growth of 2.7% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2025. This growth is noted as being driven by the rising performance of the non-oil sector. For the full year 2024, the real GDP grew by 1.3% compared to the previous year.
• Non-Oil Sector Performance: The non-oil private sector in Saudi Arabia saw accelerated growth in May 2025, according to the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), which rose to 55.8 points, up from 55.6 in April. This indicates strong expansion, although it remains below its peak of 60.5 points at the beginning of the year. Growth was boosted by an increase in new orders, improved business confidence, initiatives to attract regional headquarters of global companies, and encouraging private sector investment through the Public Investment Fund. The sources emphasize that the growth in non-oil private sector activity reflects the success of the Kingdom’s economic diversification efforts away from oil dependence.
• Contribution to GDP: The contribution of the non-oil sector to the total GDP has risen to 53.2% in the first quarter of 2025, representing a 5.7% increase from previous estimates. This highlights the growing importance of non-oil activities in the national economy.
• Sectoral Contributions: Within the non-oil sector, key contributing segments in Q1 2025 included wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels (contributing 11% of total GDP), followed by transport, storage, and communications (5.2%), and construction (5.1%). The growth in these specific sectors is also linked to increased economic activity.
• Asset Management Market: The value of assets managed in Saudi Arabia is reported to be around $270 billion, an increase of 150% over seven years. This market is expected to exceed $300 billion in the next few years. Key factors driving this growth are regulatory reforms, the expansion of stock and debt markets, and an increase in high-net-worth individuals. The development of the financial market is highlighted as one of the key programs of Vision 2030.
• Real Estate Investment: The Kingdom is positioning itself as a global center for real estate investment, supported by a flexible regulatory environment, advanced legislation, and economic incentives stemming from Vision 2030 objectives. The urban development projects are extensive. The real estate sector’s contribution to the domestic economy is significant. During the third quarter of 2024, 1131 licenses were issued for foreign real estate investments, indicating global investor confidence. Initiatives like imposing fees on vacant lands within urban areas aim to stimulate development and increase housing supply.
• E-commerce Growth: E-commerce in Saudi Arabia has seen significant expansion in recent years, with estimates suggesting its value exceeds 35 billion riyals. The average annual spending per individual through the internet is estimated at around 4,500 riyals. This shift reflects structural changes in consumer behavior, driven by the widespread use of smartphones, leading to more instant purchasing and digital payments.
• Government Spending: Government expenditures in the first quarter of 2025 reached an estimated 322.317 billion riyals, covering employee compensation, use of goods and services, financing expenses, subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses across various sectors.
• Comprehensive Update to GDP Methodology: The General Authority for Statistics has undertaken a comprehensive update of the national GDP methodology. This strategic step reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to enhancing data quality and transparency, aligning with international best practices. The update includes incorporating new economic activities like financial technology, creative economy, logistics, and sports/entertainment, leading to a more accurate assessment of the economy’s size and composition. This provides clearer data for decision-makers and highlights the economic diversification underway.
• Strategic Economic Shifts: The sources also discuss broader economic strategies, such as leveraging the current global trade tensions as an opportunity for Arab nations to enhance self-reliance in essential goods like food and medicine, diversifying trading partners. Saudi Arabia’s historical focus on agricultural self-sufficiency since the era of King Fahd is cited as a successful example of prioritizing national sovereignty and reducing dependence on external sources, contributing to national food security.

In conclusion, the sources portray a Saudi economy that is actively diversifying away from oil, with strong performance and growth in non-oil sectors like asset management, real estate, and e-commerce. Government initiatives, supported by Vision 2030, are focused on improving infrastructure, regulatory environments, attracting investment, and enhancing data accuracy to reflect these significant economic shifts.

Gaza Conflict and Humanitarian Crisis Summary

Based on the sources provided, the situation in Gaza is characterized by ongoing conflict, severe humanitarian conditions, and specific actions by the Israeli occupation forces.

Here is a discussion of the Gaza conflict drawing on the sources:

On the 78th day of the war of extermination against the Gaza Strip, Israeli occupation forces reportedly committed a bloody massacre west of Rafah city. They opened fire on young Palestinians waiting for aid near an American-supervised distribution center. This attack resulted in the martyrdom of 27 Palestinians and injuries to dozens. The Ministry of Health in Gaza stated that over 200 injuries were evacuated from the site of the targeting. The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor reported that the occupation transformed the aid distribution mechanism into a tool within its system of genocide against civilians after targeting the distribution point west of Rafah, which is managed in cooperation with an American company.

Other attacks mentioned include shelling that targeted a residential apartment near the Diwan of the Najar family in the city center, leading to one Palestinian martyr and injuries to others. Three Palestinians were reportedly killed in shelling that targeted a tent for displaced persons in the northern Al-Mawasi area, south of Khan Younis. Artillery shelling continues in the southern Al-Batin area northwest of Khan Younis, resulting in injuries and damage. Occupation forces also targeted displaced persons’ tents in the western Ashdaa area near Khan Younis, which resulted in martyrs and injuries. In Deir al-Balah city center, three Palestinians were killed in shelling that targeted a tent housing displaced persons. The released prisoner Hamada al-Deirawi also became a martyr there after tents in the Swiss camp were targeted. Israeli shelling targeted the Al-Baraka area in Deir al-Balah, resulting in several martyrs and injuries among civilians. Artillery shelling continues in the Al-Twam area north and is concentrated in the Al-Shafatawi areas north of Gaza Strip, targeting Palestinian homes and their tents.

The humanitarian situation is dire. The World Food Programme warns that over two million people in the Gaza Strip suffer greatly from hunger, and many face the risk of famine. The program called for the immediate allowance of food aid entry and its rapid distribution. They stressed that lack of security and disturbances will remain a real threat unless urgent humanitarian response occurs. The government media office in Gaza stated that the Israeli occupation is turning American aid distribution centers into traps of collective death and pitfalls. The number of victims in these targeted centers has risen to 102 martyrs and 490 injured in just 8 days. They assert that these points, located in exposed and dangerous red areas controlled by the occupation army, have become mass blood traps where civilians are lured by severe famine and blockade, then deliberately shot. These points are reportedly not subject to any independent human oversight but are managed by Israeli occupation security and an American security company, making them killing points under a false humanitarian cover, classified as war crimes and crimes against humanity. The repeated massacres at these distribution centers daily reveal a deliberate use of aid as a tool for killing and ethnic cleansing, reaching the level of a genocide crime according to Article Two of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948.

The healthcare system is severely impacted. The Ministry of Health in Gaza stated the Israeli occupation deliberately chokes the medical system. Recent evacuations in Khan Younis pose a direct threat that could put the Nasser Medical Complex out of service, warning of an imminent health catastrophe. Nasser Medical Complex is described as the only hospital in southern Gaza providing specialized medical services, making its potential stoppage a real threat to the lives of hundreds of patients. Dozens of injured and patients in intensive care units, operating rooms, and emergency departments, in addition to children in incubators, are facing these threats. This has led to a loss of control in the medical sector, severely limiting the ability to deal with the injured. Since March 2, the Israeli occupation continues to close the crossings of the Gaza Strip to the entry of food, medical, and relief aid, causing a great deterioration in the humanitarian situation for Palestinians.

The targeting of schools is also noted. The Guardian newspaper, citing Israeli military sources, reported that repeated airstrikes on schools used as shelters in the Gaza Strip are part of a deliberate military strategy. The Israeli army reportedly eased restrictions on conducting attacks within sites holding large numbers of civilians, including schools and hospitals. Schools mentioned as targets include Al-Aishiya school in Deir al-Balah and four schools in northern Gaza: Halawa, Nasibe, Rufai, and Haliema, two of which had prior damage from shelling. The newspaper indicated the occupation army shelled at least six schools in Gaza in recent months, resulting in the martyrdom of over 120 Palestinians as part of a systematic targeting campaign. The Duraj neighborhood massacre on May 25th is highlighted, where Al-Jarjawi school was bombed, killing at least 54 Palestinians, mostly sleeping. Military sources cited confirmed classifying schools and hospitals as potential targets and sometimes carrying out attacks knowing civilians were present. This is described as a policy integrating civilian targets into military objectives, reflecting disregard for civilian lives and using disproportionate force. These incidents are added to the series of crimes committed since October 7, 2023, in the Gaza Strip with direct American support, which is referred to as a war of genocide that has resulted in over 175,000 martyrs and injured, mostly children and women.

Related actions by the Israeli occupation forces mentioned in the sources include the demolition of homes and tents in Al-Araqib village in the Negev for the 241st consecutive time. This is the seventh demolition in 2025. The residents rebuild their simple homes after each demolition and affirm their commitment to staying on their land.

Saudi Arabia’s position on the conflict is expressed in the sources. The Saudi Crown Prince’s speech on Eid al-Adha highlighted the continuation of the “heinous crimes” against “our brothers” in the Gaza Strip. He emphasized the necessity of an immediate halt to this aggression and called on the international community to take all necessary measures. He stressed the importance of implementing recent UN Security Council resolutions to ensure the protection of lives in Gaza. The Kingdom reiterated its call for the international recognition of an independent Palestinian state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital, to enable Palestinians to obtain their legitimate rights and achieve a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace. The speech contrasts the Kingdom’s honor of serving pilgrims with the ongoing situation in Gaza. This stance reflects the Kingdom’s historical policy and commitment to defending Palestinian rights.

Syrian Reconstruction: Plans, Challenges, and Sanctions Impact

Based on the sources provided, the discussion of Syrian reconstruction involves efforts by regional and international actors, significant challenges, and emerging opportunities following the lifting of some international sanctions.

Here are some key points regarding Syrian reconstruction based on the sources:

• Saudi Arabian Support: Saudi Arabia is undertaking a significant regional role, moving towards becoming a global center for real estate investment, and this includes an active work plan to attract foreign investment, especially in the real estate sector in Syria, which is seen as able to absorb increasing market needs. The Kingdom has enacted significant changes in the form of real estate investment globally. The Saudi vision, led by the Crown Prince, aims to make the real estate sector central to national transformation. Saudi Arabia provides direct support to the Syrian people, aiming for economic recovery and empowering the Syrian government to meet its financial commitments. This support includes direct assistance for the salaries of public sector workers in Syria as part of an initiative targeting economic recovery. The Saudi move came in the context of regional cooperation, coordinating with Qatar to pay Syria’s arrears to the International Monetary Fund group, which exceeded $15 million. Saudi Arabia has hosted Arab and international parties to discuss the stability of Syria and support mechanisms for political and economic recovery. The Kingdom is described as striving to help Syria in its journey of building and development, while ensuring its sovereignty and territorial unity are preserved from foreign interventions. These efforts reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to defending Palestinian rights, as highlighted in a related statement by the Saudi Crown Prince regarding the Gaza Strip, emphasizing the importance of international recognition of an independent Palestinian state.
• Qatari Reconstruction Plans: Qatar has pledged to help war-torn Syria in its reconstruction efforts. There is a notable $7 billion plan specifically focused on building new power plants. This deal is described as representing the largest foreign investment in Syria since US sanctions were unexpectedly lifted. The plan includes building four combined cycle power plants with gas turbines and a solar power plant, but these will need three years to operate at full capacity. The Syrian government states it relies on the private sector for network repair, potentially through a leading role partnership with state companies as contractors, where these companies could sell electricity to consumers and recover investments.
• Impact of Sanction Lifting: The unexpected announcement by US President Donald Trump to lift American sanctions on Damascus is seen as a vital step towards reviving Syrian infrastructure. Following the lifting of sanctions, companies from China, Qatar, America, and Turkey have expressed interest in potential investments in Syria’s power network.
• Major Challenges: A significant hurdle to reconstruction, particularly in the power sector, is the widespread and continuous looting of electricity cables and components by armed groups. This looting happens faster than the government can make repairs. The Syrian government faces a financial hardship that prevents it from repairing the damaged network. The electricity network, which covered 99% of Syrians before 2011, now produces less than a fifth of its pre-war output, and most of this output is stolen. Syrians receive only a few hours of electricity daily. Looting hinders efforts to restore even major transmission lines. Officials state that teams work on repairs in one location while looting occurs in another.
• Economic Situation: Syria is described as being exhausted by 14 years of conflict. Some analysis suggests that given that 90% of Syrians live below the poverty line, any support will be gradual. However, it is also suggested that investors have room to lower prices compared to current temporary alternatives like private generators.
• Specific Private Initiatives: A Syrian businessman named Qaddour plans to invest $25 million in the electricity network in northern Syria, aiming to supply electricity to up to 150,000 homes in rural Aleppo, relying on power from neighboring Turkey.

In summary, the sources indicate that while there are significant plans and interests in Syrian reconstruction, notably from Saudi Arabia and Qatar, severe challenges like looting and the government’s financial state hinder effective progress, particularly in critical infrastructure like the power sector. The recent lifting of US sanctions appears to be opening doors for foreign investment.

Saudi Arabia Healthcare Progress and Hajj Provisions

Based on the sources provided, the discussion of healthcare development primarily focuses on the efforts and progress within Saudi Arabia, particularly in the context of national strategies and the extensive provisions for pilgrims during the Hajj season.

Here are some key points regarding healthcare development:

National Healthcare Development in Saudi Arabia:

• A 2024 health sector report indicates a qualitative leap in the Kingdom’s health sector, focusing on preventative health, immunization, and community awareness.
• There is an emphasis on early detection and adopting a preventative, proactive approach as the foundation for care, moving beyond a system solely focused on treatment.
• Significant progress has been made in achieving a marked reduction in targeted infectious diseases. This includes lowering infection rates for dengue, Hepatitis C, tuberculosis, malaria, German measles, tetanus, and curbing HIV. The sources specifically note an 87.5% reduction in the rate of some of these diseases due to the expansion of immunization programs.
• This has contributed to raising the average life expectancy in the Kingdom to 78.8 years, with a target of reaching 80 years by 2030, aligning with the goals of Vision 2030.
• The Public Health Academy has been launched as a national training platform aimed at building and enhancing preventative competencies and strengthening the public health workforce.
• Applied research in areas like epidemics, environmental health, chronic diseases, and infectious diseases is being promoted.
• Initiatives include early detection for newborns to screen for inherited diseases and nutritional disorders.
• A national strategy for drowning prevention is being implemented through awareness programs, practical training, and cooperation with the Ministries of Education and Sports.
• The year 2024 saw contributions towards localizing health industries, aiming to achieve health security and self-sufficiency locally. 31 products were localized, and 17 mandatory agreements for national products in healthcare and pharmaceuticals were activated.
• Efforts are directed towards enhancing mental health and community well-being. This involves training individuals, teachers, and health sector staff on basic psychological support and rapid intervention during crises. Specialized training packages and accredited certificates are being developed. The goal is to expand community awareness and reduce the stigma associated with mental illness.
• These initiatives reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to enhancing health outcomes and aligning the health sector with the aspirations of Vision 2030.

Healthcare Provisions During Hajj:

• Hajj presents a unique health challenge due to the large crowds and open environments.
• Preventative measures are highlighted as the first line of defense. These include comprehensive plans, distributing medical teams, training volunteers, and intensifying awareness campaigns at potential gathering points.
• The Hajj season has seen significant developments in health and preventative readiness over recent years, notably influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic lessons.
• Success in managing health risks during Hajj is attributed to prior planning, high readiness, cumulative experience in dealing with epidemics and emergencies, and investing in this experience.
• Implementing prevention strategies from the moment pilgrims arrive has contributed to reducing infectious disease rates to very low levels.
• A precise system integrates the efforts of government agencies, medical personnel, and volunteers to protect pilgrims from potential health risks.
• Common health risks for pilgrims include heatstroke and respiratory/digestive issues. Measures taken include providing fluids, temporary cooling centers to mitigate heat stress. Respiratory illness prevention involves necessary vaccinations, mask distribution, and increased sterilization. Saudi Arabia prepares annually with flexible and rapid medical strategies.
• Technology plays a vital role, such as using thermal cameras for temperature monitoring, artificial intelligence for crowd analysis, and a unified command and control center for monitoring the health situation and facilitating rapid decision-making.
• Large-scale awareness campaigns are conducted in multiple languages, encouraging pilgrims to adhere to preventative measures. This is seen as crucial for collective safety.
• There is close coordination and integration among the Ministry of Health, the Saudi Red Crescent Authority, Civil Defense, and other participating government entities.
• The Ministry of Health plans and provides preventative services and deploys medical staff and mobile clinics. The Saudi Red Crescent Authority serves as an extended arm in the field, deploying ambulance teams for rapid response in crowded areas. Civil Defense manages emergency cases arising from density or accidents and directs crowds to reduce health risks.
• Volunteers play a crucial role in providing guidance and delivering preventative messages in various languages.
• This integrated approach is described as a unique model in managing health during large gatherings, where human expertise, modern technology, political will, and updated emergency plans come together.
• Specific healthcare providers participate, such as the Riyadh Health Cluster offering preventative services, check-ups, and consultations through initiatives like the “Health Tent for Pilgrims”.
• Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group also participates, operating medical centers in the holy sites to provide diagnostic and curative services using their experience in field medical care for large gatherings.
• The Ministry of Defense Health Services operates 36 health centers and field hospitals in the holy sites with over 1,040 beds and over 1,790 staff as part of their comprehensive medical plan for Hajj.
• The SFDA Hajj operations center ensures food and drug safety for pilgrims through field inspectors and coordination.
• The Saudi Red Crescent Authority deploys over 120 ambulance units and over 100 vehicles in the holy sites, supported by technical staff and volunteers, working around the clock for high-quality emergency services.

Advanced Medical Capabilities:

• The successful performance of a complex cesarean section surgery on a patient with extreme obesity and related conditions at Sabya General Hospital in the Jazan Health Cluster demonstrates the capability to handle challenging medical cases with high standards, coordination, and specialized medical teams.

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By Amjad Izhar
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https://amjadizhar.blog

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The text discusses the complex relationship between tribalism and nation-building in Saudi Arabia. While acknowledging the historical significance and enduring social influence of tribes, it highlights how tribal pride and fanaticism have been identified as obstacles to social development. The Saudi government’s efforts to manage tribal influence are examined, including legal frameworks aimed at curbing harmful tribal expressions and initiatives to integrate tribal identities within a broader national framework. Despite progress in promoting national unity and meritocracy, the persistence of some tribal practices underscores the ongoing challenges in achieving a fully cohesive national identity. The text also briefly compares Saudi Arabia’s experience with that of other countries where tribal structures remain influential in political and social life.

Tribalism in Saudi Arabia: A Study Guide

Short Answer Quiz

1. According to Saudi sociologists, what positive aspects of tribal structures can be utilized in the transformation to civil society?
2. What is a primary negative impact of tribalism, as identified by a 2016 Saudi study, and what is the root cause of this impact?
3. Describe how the Saudi state has attempted to mitigate tribal fanaticism using the example of the camel beauty pageants.
4. How has the Saudi government addressed historical issues of tribal-based discrimination within its institutions?
5. Name three historical pre-Islamic wars in the Arabian Peninsula that were attributed to tribal conflicts.
6. In what other Middle Eastern and North African countries does tribalism play a significant political or social role?
7. How does the Saudi ruling family’s history differ from traditional tribal structures, and how does this difference affect the role of tribes in the Kingdom?
8. What types of actions are subject to legal penalties, in terms of the law, for inciting tribalism?
9. What examples of individual actions were monitored in 2024 that illustrate the persistence of tribalism in Saudi society?
10. How do Saudi sociologists envision the role of tribes in the future of a civil society in the Kingdom?

Answer Key

1. Saudi sociologists see tribes as having positive values that can be built upon, particularly in strengthening national unity and resolving blood issues. They also believe tribal ways of thinking can help refine the behavior of their members.
2. The 2016 study identified tribal pride and fanaticism as obstacles to social development, stemming from a desire to demonstrate prestige and the superiority of one tribe over another.
3. The Saudi state took over the camel beauty pageants, transforming them from individual tribal events that incited fanaticism into a state-sponsored festival that promotes national identity, thus mitigating the issue.
4. The Saudi government, under King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, has addressed historical racism through implementing policies that emphasize competence and merit, rather than tribal affiliation, in hiring and admissions.
5. The three pre-Islamic wars mentioned are the Dahis and Ghabra war, the Basus war, and the Fijar war.
6. Tribalism is influential in the political and social spheres of Kuwait, Jordan, Libya, Iraq, Lebanon and Yemen.
7. The Saudi ruling family has urban roots dating back two centuries before Islam, giving it an equal distance from all tribes, allowing it to act as an institution, not a tribe, that frames and influences tribal tendencies, promoting a national identity.
8. Legal penalties apply to actions that promote tribalism in media, talk shows, poetry, national occasions, and in commercial advertising. The penalties include fines and prison sentences.
9. In 2024, examples of tribalism include guest appearances in talk shows, raising tribal flags at national events, tribal references in entertainment, and using tribal names in commercial branding.
10. Saudi sociologists believe that tribes should be transformed into civil society institutions, building upon existing values to strengthen national unity, address social issues, and refine behavior as they move forward.

Essay Questions

1. Analyze the tension between the historical prevalence of tribalism in Saudi Arabia and the country’s modern efforts to forge a national identity. What factors have contributed to the persistence of tribal identity?
2. Discuss the ways in which the Saudi government has attempted to reform the role of tribes in Saudi society. What have been the successes and what are the ongoing challenges in this transformation?
3. Compare and contrast the role of tribalism in Saudi Arabia with its impact in other Middle Eastern and North African countries mentioned in the text. What common threads and distinct characteristics exist?
4. Evaluate the effectiveness of legal measures in Saudi Arabia in curbing tribalism. Are these laws sufficient, or are other methods needed to achieve the country’s goals for a modern civil society?
5. Explore the potential for using the positive aspects of tribal structures to build a stronger national identity. How could values of tribal unity and behavior refinement be re-contextualized for civil society development?

Glossary of Key Terms

• Tribalism: A social organization based on kinship ties and shared ancestry, often associated with loyalty to the tribe above other forms of social organization or national identity.
• Civil Society Institutions: Organizations and groups that operate outside of government control that work to advance the common interests of people and address societal needs.
• National Unity: The sense of shared identity, purpose, and cohesion among the citizens of a nation.
• Blood Issues: Disputes or conflicts arising from acts of violence between individuals or groups, often requiring resolution through tribal mediation or other customary processes.
• Tribal Fanaticism: Extreme, irrational devotion to one’s tribe, often involving prejudice against other tribes and leading to inter-tribal conflicts.
• Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia’s strategic plan to diversify its economy and modernize the country.
• Bedouinism: A nomadic lifestyle traditionally associated with the Arabian Peninsula and characterized by tribal organization and pastoral practices.
• Labbat: A term used to describe tribal affiliations or heritage.
• Shila: Traditional form of Saudi music and poetry that can incorporate themes of tribalism.
• Qalta Poetry: Another form of traditional Arabic poetry often delivered in spoken form that can incorporate tribal themes.
• Al-Mazain Festival: A term that refers to camel beauty pageants, which can be a source of tribal competition.
• Basic Law of Governance: The constitution of Saudi Arabia that outlines the principles of governance and the rights of its citizens.
• Criminal Procedures Law: Laws that govern the process of criminal justice in Saudi Arabia.
• Audiovisual Media Law: Laws that regulate the media sector in Saudi Arabia including what is permissible to be broadcast.
• Anti-Cybercrime Law: Laws that cover electronic offenses, including incitement of tribalism.

Tribalism in Saudi Arabia: A Nation’s Balancing Act

Okay, here’s a briefing document summarizing the key themes and ideas from the provided text about tribalism in Saudi Arabia:

Briefing Document: Tribalism in Saudi Arabia

Introduction:

This document analyzes a provided text discussing the complexities of tribalism in Saudi Arabia. The text explores historical roots, contemporary manifestations, and governmental responses aimed at fostering national unity. It highlights a tension between traditional tribal affiliations and the state’s push towards modernization and a unified national identity, as well as ongoing efforts to manage tribal influence.

Key Themes and Ideas:

1. Tribalism as a Historical Force:

• Tribalism is not a new phenomenon in Saudi Arabia, with roots extending back to pre-Islamic times. The text mentions “wars that lasted for hundreds of years,” such as “the Dahis and Ghabra war, the Basus war, the Fijar war, and the Baath war”, underscoring the deep historical significance of tribal identity and its potential for conflict.
• The text highlights that tribalism’s influence is not unique to Saudi Arabia. It is also described as present and influential in the Levant and the Maghreb, and playing an important role in parliamentary elections in Kuwait and Jordan, and in power structures in post-Saddam Iraq, Libya, and Yemen. This indicates the widespread nature of tribalism in the Middle East, and its impact on politics and society across the region.

1. Tribalism as an Obstacle to Social Development:

• A 2016 Saudi study revealed that “tribal pride and fanaticism are considered obstacles to social development.” These sentiments are perceived as rooted in a desire to “show the superiority of one tribe over another.”
• The text uses the example of camel beauty pageants to illustrate how tribalism can manifest. Historically, individual tribes held such pageants in a way that incited “tribal fanaticism and strife”. This was one of the reasons the state intervened, taking control of the Al-Mazain festival.

1. The State’s Role in Managing and Reforming Tribalism:

• The Saudi state has actively sought to mitigate the negative aspects of tribalism and redirect it towards national unity. An example is its involvement in camel beauty pageants: “the state hold the beauty pageant festival… with a comprehensive identity for all tribes under the umbrella of the state, and tribal biases were replaced with a comprehensive national identity, in line with the requirements of modern civilization and Vision 2030.” This showcases the state’s desire to shape tribal traditions in accordance with national objectives.
• The ruling house is not tied to any one tribe, which the text describes as allowing it to be “at an equal distance from all components of Saudi society” and positioned to be an “influence the tribal tendency and framing it,” working to promote “individual ownership and the person’s responsibility for his actions, regardless of his (Labbat)”. This is contrasted with other nations in the region where the tribe may hold greater political significance.
• The state has implemented laws and regulations, such as Article 12 of the Basic Law of Governance and others, with substantial penalties (ranging up to 10 million riyals and imprisonment) for actions that incite tribalism. This indicates the seriousness with which the state takes the issue.

1. Progress in Addressing Discrimination:

• The text acknowledges past instances of “scientific, professional and geographical racism” where individuals from tribal backgrounds faced discrimination in education and employment.
• However, it notes that, under the leadership of King Salman bin Abdulaziz and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, discrimination based on tribal affiliation has been largely eliminated. “the criterion of preference is competence and entitlement, not ethnic affiliation or civilization,”. The text indicates a move towards meritocracy and away from the bias that existed in prior decades.

1. Persistent Manifestations of Tribalism:

• Despite the legislative and governmental efforts, the text highlights that tribalistic tendencies are still apparent in some areas, with about 30 incidents in 2024. This includes the raising of tribal flags on national occasions, tribal themes in “Shila, series and Qalta poetry”, and cafes marketing in tribal names.
• These “limited” instances demonstrate that there is still a need to continue to work towards a comprehensive national identity. It suggests that the battle to shift the cultural emphasis of citizens away from tribe toward nation is ongoing.

1. The Potential of Tribal Structures:

• While acknowledging the negative impacts of tribalism, Saudi sociologists recognize that tribes “include a set of values ​​that can be built upon, especially in strengthening national unity, and in blood issues.”
• The text suggests the need to transform tribes into civil society institutions, leveraging their existing social frameworks for positive purposes. This signals a move to integrate, not abolish, tribal structures.

Conclusion:

The provided text offers a nuanced perspective on the issue of tribalism in Saudi Arabia. It acknowledges the deep historical roots of tribalism, its challenges to social cohesion and progress, and the government’s multi-pronged approach to managing and reforming it. Despite progress, there is an ongoing need to actively shape cultural norms and prevent the resurgence of tribalistic sentiments, as the Saudi state continues to aim for a unified national identity, in the context of the “modern civilization and Vision 2030.” The suggestion that tribal structures can evolve into civil society institutions points towards a future in which tribal values and the national identity can exist in harmony.

Tribalism and National Identity in Saudi Arabia

FAQ: Tribalism and National Identity in Saudi Arabia

1. How do Saudi sociologists view the potential role of tribes in modern Saudi society?
2. Saudi sociologists see tribes as having the potential to transform into civil society institutions. They believe that tribes possess a set of values that can be leveraged to strengthen national unity and resolve issues related to blood feuds. Furthermore, they see tribes, as a way of thinking, as playing an important role in refining the behavior of their members. This suggests a view of tribes not as relics of the past but as potential contributors to a more cohesive and civil society.
3. What negative impacts has tribalism had on social development in Saudi Arabia?
4. Tribal pride and fanaticism have been identified as obstacles to social development. The focus on tribal prestige and the desire to demonstrate superiority over other tribes have been linked to negative effects. Examples like the once-individual tribal camel beauty pageants, which incited tribal fanaticism, illustrate this. The desire for tribal superiority was identified as a primary source of these issues.
5. How has the Saudi government addressed the issue of tribal fanaticism, particularly in the context of camel beauty pageants?
6. The Saudi government has taken steps to address tribal fanaticism by taking control of the camel beauty pageant. The individual tribal pageants were replaced with the state-sponsored King Abdulaziz Camel Festival. This festival aims to foster a comprehensive national identity, replacing tribal biases, and aligning with the requirements of modern civilization and the nation’s Vision 2030 plan. This is a clear attempt to channel tribal pride into a more unified national expression.
7. How has the Saudi government addressed issues of tribal-based discrimination in professional and educational settings?
8. In the past, the sons of tribes faced scientific, professional, and geographical racism within government institutions. However, under the current leadership of King Salman bin Abdulaziz and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, this discriminatory preference has been largely eradicated. Competence and merit are now the primary criteria, rather than ethnic affiliation or social status.
9. Is tribalism a phenomenon unique to Saudi Arabia?
10. No, tribalism is not unique to Saudi Arabia. It is a widespread cultural phenomenon across the Arab world, with significant influence in the Levant and the Maghreb. It plays roles in parliamentary elections in Kuwait and Jordan, controls oil wells in Libya, is a factor in the political landscape of Iraq, and influences political life and appointments in Lebanon. In Yemen, tribal consensus is vital for stability. Thus, tribalism is a regional phenomenon, with different levels of influence and power in different contexts.
11. How does the role of tribes in Saudi Arabia differ from their role in other parts of the Arab region?
12. Unlike many other Arab countries, Saudi Arabia’s ruling family does not have traditional tribal links. This allows them to stand at an equal distance from all societal components. The Saudi state, as a state of institutions, has been able to reframe and influence tribal tendencies, promoting individual responsibility and ownership, aligned with the concept of a modern civil state. In other nations, tribes can exert significant influence on political power, access to resources and can be at the heart of conflicts.
13. What legal measures have been implemented in Saudi Arabia to counter the negative aspects of tribalism?
14. Saudi Arabia has enacted several laws and regulations to control negative aspects of tribalism, such as Articles of the Basic Law of Governance, the Criminal Procedures Law, the Audiovisual Media Law, and the Anti-Cybercrime Law. These laws impose penalties for actions that incite tribalism or discrimination, including imprisonment, fines, and suspension of professional licenses. These measures indicate a serious commitment to combatting any tribal influence that undermines national unity.
15. What types of actions still exemplify tribal biases in Saudi Arabia, and how are they being addressed?
16. Despite legislation, tribal biases still surface in some instances, albeit limited in scope. These include actions like raising tribal flags on national occasions, tribal affiliations in talk shows, and the marketing of businesses using tribal names, and tribal influences in cultural productions like Shila, series and Qalta poetry. To counter this, there is a push to create a national plan that utilizes education and media to promote national unity and control these actions. In addition, sociologists seek to transform tribes into civil society institutions that align with national goals.

Tribalism in Saudi Arabia

Tribalism in Saudi Arabia is a complex issue with historical roots and modern manifestations [1, 2]. Here’s a breakdown of key points from the sources:

• Historical Context: Tribalism is not a new phenomenon, existing before Islam and causing wars that lasted for centuries [2]. Examples include the Dahis and Ghabra war, the Basus war, the Fijar war, and the Baath war [2].
• Tribalism and Social Development: Some Saudi studies have found that tribal pride and fanaticism can hinder social development, stemming from a desire to show superiority over other tribes [1]. Camel beauty pageants, which were once held individually by tribes, were seen as a cause for inciting tribal fanaticism [1]. The state intervened to hold the camel beauty pageant festival under the umbrella of the state, replacing tribal biases with a comprehensive national identity [1].
• Transformation of Tribes: Saudi sociologists believe that tribes should be transformed into civil society institutions, leveraging their existing values to strengthen national unity [1, 3]. They also believe that tribes play an important and decisive role in refining the behavior of their sons [1, 3].
• Tribalism in the Region: Tribal culture is not unique to Saudi Arabia, being present and influential in the Levant and the Maghreb [2]. It also plays a significant role in parliamentary elections in Kuwait and Jordan [2]. In other countries, it has a significant impact on political and economic issues. For example, tribes in Libya control oil wells, and in Iraq, they are a key part of the political landscape [2]. In Lebanon, tribalism is present in family and religious sects [2]. In Yemen, stability is tied to understanding and cooperation with tribes [2].
• Government efforts to control Tribalism: The Saudi ruling house is not linked to a traditional tribe, allowing it to stand at an equal distance from all components of Saudi society [4]. The government seeks to enhance individual ownership and responsibility, regardless of tribal affiliation [4]. The state is working to reformulate tribal tendencies by influencing and framing it to be in line with the national narrative [4].
• Legislative Measures: There are regulations in place to control negative aspects of tribalism [3]. These measures, controlled by the Basic Law of Governance, the Criminal Procedures Law, the Audiovisual Media Law, and the Anti-Cybercrime Law, include penalties like imprisonment, fines, and license suspensions [3].
• Contemporary Manifestations: Despite the government’s efforts, individual actions that reflect tribalism still occur [3]. These include: raising tribal flags on national occasions, tribal themes in media, and marketing businesses with tribal names [3]. There have been about 30 incidents monitored in 2024 [3].
• Combating negative aspects of Tribalism: The legislative aspect is comprehensive, but further work on the social level, in education and media is required [3]. This includes working on a national plan to control negative aspects of tribalism [3].
• Positive Aspects: The tribes have a set of values ​​that can be built upon, especially in strengthening national unity [1, 3]. There has also been a shift in preferences with competency and entitlement being the main criteria, not ethnic affiliation, civilization, or social status [5].

Transforming Tribal Structures in Saudi Arabia

Transforming tribal structures in Saudi Arabia is a key focus of the government and sociologists, aiming to harness the positive aspects of tribalism while mitigating its negative impacts [1, 2]. Here’s a breakdown of the transformation efforts based on the sources:

• Civil Society Institutions: Saudi sociologists advocate for transforming tribes into civil society institutions [1, 2]. This is because tribes possess values that can be leveraged to strengthen national unity and address issues, particularly blood feuds [1]. The tribal way of thinking is seen as a means of refining the behavior of its members [1].
• Shifting from Tribal Bias to National Identity: The state is actively working to replace tribal biases with a comprehensive national identity, aligning with the requirements of modern civilization and Vision 2030 [1]. The King Abdulaziz Camel Festival is an example of how the state has taken over an event that was once cause for tribal conflict, replacing it with a national identity [1]. The state aims to move away from tribalism by promoting a national narrative where every citizen has equal standing [3].
• Promoting Individual Responsibility: The Saudi government is working to enhance individual ownership and a person’s responsibility for their actions, irrespective of their tribal affiliation [3]. The state wants to move away from the idea of “Labbat”, or tribal affiliation, and focus on the individual as a part of the nation [3].
• Addressing Negative Aspects: The government recognizes that tribal pride and fanaticism can hinder social development [1]. In the past, some members of government institutions exhibited racism against members of tribes. However, in the present time, competence and entitlement are the main criteria of preference, not ethnic affiliation or social status [4]. The state acknowledges that tribal actions still occur but are limited and works to address them via education and media [2].
• Legislative Measures: The government is using regulations to control the negative aspects of tribalism [2]. These include imprisonment, fines, and license suspensions for those who violate the laws [2]. The laws are comprehensive, however, further work on the social level is required to control negative actions [2].
• Government’s Unique Position: The Saudi ruling house is not connected to any traditional tribe and views itself as equal to all members of society, giving it the ability to stand at an equal distance from all components of Saudi society [3]. This allows the government to work to influence and frame the tribal tendencies in society [3].

In summary, the transformation of tribal structures involves leveraging the positive aspects of tribal values for national unity, while actively working to mitigate negative effects like fanaticism and discrimination. The government is using a combination of legislative measures, cultural events, and a national narrative to promote individual responsibility and national unity over tribal affiliations.

National Unity in Saudi Arabia

National unity and identity are central themes in the context of tribalism in Saudi Arabia, with the government actively working to foster a cohesive national identity that transcends tribal affiliations [1, 2]. Here’s a breakdown of how national unity and identity are addressed in the sources:

• Overcoming Tribalism: The sources indicate that tribal pride and fanaticism are seen as obstacles to social development, stemming from a desire to show superiority over other tribes [1]. To combat this, the Saudi state is actively promoting a comprehensive national identity to replace tribal biases [1].
• State’s Role in Fostering National Unity:
• The Saudi ruling house is not linked to a traditional tribe, positioning itself as a unifying force [2]. This allows it to stand at an equal distance from all components of Saudi society [2].
• The government aims to reformulate and influence tribal tendencies and to frame them in the context of a national narrative, much like other immigrant societies like Canada, the United States, and Australia [2].
• The state enhances individual ownership and responsibility for actions, irrespective of tribal affiliation [2]. This is a key step in building a sense of national identity that goes beyond tribal loyalties [2].
• The government is working to promote competence and entitlement as the main criteria of preference, not ethnic affiliation or social status, in order to establish national unity [3].
• Cultural Events and National Identity:
• Camel beauty pageants, once a source of tribal conflict, have been transformed into the King Abdulaziz Camel Festival. This festival promotes a comprehensive national identity, replacing tribal biases with a unified national event [1]. The state intervention in the camel beauty pageant demonstrates how it’s trying to build national unity [1].
• Legislative Measures for National Unity:
• The Saudi government has implemented regulations to control negative aspects of tribalism that can undermine national unity [4]. These measures, including imprisonment and fines, aim to curb actions that promote tribalism over national identity [4].
• The laws are comprehensive, but there is also a need for more work on a social level, in education and media, to promote national unity [4].
• Tribal Values and National Unity:
• Saudi sociologists believe that the values within tribes can be used to strengthen national unity [1, 4]. They advocate for transforming tribes into civil society institutions that can contribute positively to the broader society and promote national unity [1, 4].
• Tribes are seen as playing an important and decisive role in refining the behavior of their members [1, 4]. This function can contribute to a more cohesive and unified society when framed in a national context [1, 4].
• Challenges to National Unity: Despite efforts, there are still individual actions that reflect tribalism, such as raising tribal flags on national occasions or marketing businesses with tribal names [4]. These instances highlight the ongoing need for a national plan to control and address these actions [4].

In summary, the pursuit of national unity and identity in Saudi Arabia involves a multi-pronged approach. It includes the transformation of tribal structures, the promotion of a national narrative, and the implementation of legislative measures. While there are still challenges, the state is actively working to create a unified national identity that transcends tribalism, drawing on the positive values of tribes while mitigating their negative effects.

Combating Tribalism in Saudi Arabia

The legal framework in Saudi Arabia plays a crucial role in controlling and mitigating the negative aspects of tribalism, and it aims to promote national unity and a unified national identity. Here’s a breakdown of the legal measures based on the sources:

• Comprehensive Regulations: The Saudi government has implemented a set of regulations to control tribalism. These are primarily controlled by:
• Article 12 of the Basic Law of Governance [1]
• Articles 15 and 17 of the Criminal Procedures Law [1]
• Articles 5 and 17 of the Audiovisual Media Law [1]
• Article 6 of the Anti-Cybercrime Law [1] These laws form the basis for addressing actions related to tribalism that are deemed harmful to national unity [1].
• Penalties: Violations of these laws can lead to significant penalties, which are both administrative and criminal. These penalties include:
• Imprisonment: A period of one to five years [1]
• Fines: A minimum of 500,000 riyals (approximately $134,000) and a maximum of 10 million riyals (approximately $2,667,000) [1]
• Professional Suspension: Suspension from practicing a profession for up to six months for media-related violations [1]
• License Cancellation: Cancellation of licenses for media-related violations [1]
• Focus on Media: The regulations specifically target media, reflecting the government’s concern over the potential for media to incite tribalism or division [1]. The penalties related to media demonstrate the effort to control the spread of tribal sentiments that go against the national narrative [1].
• Addressing Contemporary Manifestations: Despite the comprehensive legislative measures, some individual actions that reflect tribalism still occur, though they are limited [1]. The government has monitored about 30 incidents in 2024 [1]. These include:
• Raising tribal flags on national occasions such as National Day and Founding Day [1]
• Tribal themes in media such as talk shows interested in the Al-Mazain Festival, in some Shila, series, and Qalta poetry [1]
• Marketing businesses, such as cafes, with tribal names [1] These incidents highlight that the legal framework is in place, but there is an ongoing need for further work on a national level [1].
• Legislative Adequacy: The sources state that the legislative aspect of controlling tribalism is comprehensive, suggesting that the existing laws are robust [1]. However, there is also recognition that these laws must be supported with efforts at the social level, in education and the media [1].
• National Plan: The limited instances of tribal actions highlight the need for a national plan to control them on the social level, in education, and media. The legal framework provides the tools, but the sources emphasize the need for continued effort [1].

In summary, the legal framework in Saudi Arabia is designed to deter tribalism through a combination of regulations and penalties. While the existing laws are considered comprehensive, there is an emphasis on the need for more work on the social level to reinforce national unity and counter actions that promote tribalism.

Modernization and Tribalism in Saudi Arabia

Modernization and tribal culture in Saudi Arabia represent a complex interplay, with the government actively seeking to integrate traditional tribal structures into a modern, unified nation. Here’s a breakdown of this dynamic based on the sources:

• Transformation of Tribal Structures: Saudi sociologists advocate for transforming tribes into civil society institutions, recognizing that tribes possess values that can be leveraged to strengthen national unity [1, 2]. This transformation involves building upon positive tribal values, especially in strengthening national unity, while mitigating negative aspects [1, 2].
• Shifting from Tribal to National Identity: A key aspect of modernization is the conscious effort to replace tribal biases with a comprehensive national identity [1]. This shift is aligned with the goals of modern civilization and Saudi Vision 2030 [1]. The government is working to move beyond tribalism, promoting a national narrative where every citizen has equal standing [3].
• Government’s Role: The Saudi ruling house is not linked to any specific tribe and views itself as equal to all members of society, thus giving it the ability to stand at an equal distance from all components of Saudi society [3]. This allows the government to influence and frame tribal tendencies in the context of national unity [3].
• Individual Responsibility: Modernization efforts in Saudi Arabia emphasize individual ownership and responsibility for actions, regardless of tribal affiliation [3]. This focus on the individual aims to move beyond tribal loyalties and create a society where merit and competence are valued [3, 4].
• Addressing Negative Aspects: The government recognizes that tribal pride and fanaticism can hinder social development [1]. In the past, some members of government institutions exhibited racism against members of tribes [4]. However, in the present time, competence and entitlement are the main criteria of preference, not ethnic affiliation or social status [4].
• Cultural Events: The King Abdulaziz Camel Festival is an example of how the state has taken over an event that was once a source of tribal conflict, replacing it with a national identity [1]. This festival demonstrates how cultural events can be used to promote modernization and national unity over tribal biases [1].
• Legislative Measures: The government has implemented a comprehensive set of regulations to control negative aspects of tribalism that can undermine national unity [2]. These laws include penalties like imprisonment and fines for violations [2]. The sources indicate that the legislative measures in place are comprehensive, but there is a need to reinforce those measures on a social level with education and media [2].
• Challenges to Modernization: Despite these efforts, some individual actions that reflect tribalism still occur [2]. Examples include raising tribal flags on national occasions or marketing businesses with tribal names [2]. These instances highlight the need for a continued effort to control these actions [2].
• Tribalism Beyond Saudi Arabia: It is important to note that the influence of tribalism is not unique to Saudi Arabia, as it is present and influential in the Levant and the Maghreb, and it plays an important role in parliamentary elections in the states of Kuwait and Jordan [5]. The sources note that in current Libya, the tribe controls some oil wells, and has geographical influence and borders. In post-Saddam Iraq, the tribe has become a difficult number in the political equation. In Lebanon, the tribe is present in the family and in the religious sect, and both of them influence political life and the appointment of people. Stability cannot be achieved and life cannot continue in Yemen except by understanding with the tribe and obtaining its blessing, or buying its silence [5].

In summary, modernization in Saudi Arabia involves a complex and deliberate effort to integrate tribal culture into a unified national framework. The government is actively working to mitigate the negative aspects of tribalism while leveraging the positive values for national unity. This process involves a combination of legal measures, cultural shifts, and the promotion of a comprehensive national identity, although challenges still exist.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

Affiliate Disclosure: This blog may contain affiliate links, which means I may earn a small commission if you click on the link and make a purchase. This comes at no additional cost to you. I only recommend products or services that I believe will add value to my readers. Your support helps keep this blog running and allows me to continue providing you with quality content. Thank you for your support!

These articles predominantly cover events and initiatives in Saudi Arabia, with a particular focus on preparations for the upcoming Hajj season, including logistical arrangements, healthcare services, and media coverage. Additionally, they touch upon global news, such as international relations (specifically the US-Iran nuclear talks and Saudi diplomacy), the humanitarian situation in Gaza, and market trends in sectors like oil and aviation, alongside updates from the sports world. The texts highlight Saudi efforts to enhance visitor experiences, promote its cultural identity, and contribute to regional stability while also reporting on international incidents and economic shifts.

Podcast

Listen or Download Podcast – Al-Riyadh Newspaper, June 3, 2025

Saudi Arabia’s Comprehensive Hajj Preparation and Management

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia places immense importance on enhancing the Hajj journey and ensuring the security and safety of pilgrims from the moment they arrive until they depart. Serving the pilgrims of the Grand Mosque is considered a historical responsibility, an honor, and a duty inherited by the leadership, with citizens competing for the honor of serving. The state mobilizes all material, human, and technical capabilities to provide an environment where the Guests of Rahman can experience security, safety, tranquility, and peace of mind. The security of Hajj is declared a red line, with no tolerance for anything that might compromise it.

Hajj management is described as a unique administrative system that operates continuously throughout the year, undergoing constant review, development, and innovation in organization, procedures, services, and technology. This comprehensive civilizational and humanitarian project for serving pilgrims involves intensive efforts and programs to ensure security. The Kingdom reassures Muslims globally that its security forces are at the highest levels of technical and mental readiness to ensure Hajj security, capable of quickly and decisively addressing anything that might disturb pilgrim security or peace. Precise security plans, enhanced coordination, and the ability to track pilgrim movement in the holy sites are highlighted as crucial.

Preparations involve a multifaceted approach drawing on accumulated expertise. A participatory model brings together the public and private sectors, specialized national and international companies, alongside government ministries and authorities, including the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah. The Minister of Interior and Chairman of the Supreme Hajj Committee personally oversaw the readiness of security forces for their field tasks. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development conducts extensive field tours (>4,000) during the Hajj season to monitor compliance with labor laws and ensure a safe work environment. The Oversight and Anti-Corruption Authority (Nazaha) also completes its preparations to participate, ensuring control and readiness for pilgrim services.

Key aspects of Hajj preparations based on the sources include:

• Security & Crowd Management: Intensive efforts and programs secure Hajj rituals. The latest technologies are utilized for pilgrim safety and security. Security forces are highly prepared technically and mentally. Crowd management is a complex security operation demanding high readiness and coordination among different entities. Security forces are strategically present at key points to ensure pilgrim flow and use smart systems for monitoring and crowd control to reduce accidents and congestion. The Deputy Public Prosecutor emphasizes legal protection for the holy sites and pilgrims, utilizing advanced technology and qualified personnel.
• Transportation: Hajj transport has undergone significant transformations, moving from traditional means to large-scale projects incorporating AI. AI is used in modern transportation projects. Transportation is a core element, viewed as vital and linked to security and public safety. Transportation options have become more varied and efficient, including buses and trains. Developments include the expansion of roads, tunnels, and bridges. New transport systems and technologies are deployed. Strategic projects ensure safe and comfortable transport for pilgrims. Notable projects are the Holy Sites Train (connecting Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina) and the Haramain Train (linking Mecca, Jeddah, and Medina). Innovative solutions like electric scooters and golf carts assist the elderly and those with health issues in moving quickly within the holy sites. The Ministry of Transport and Logistics Services has enhanced infrastructure, including road expansion and innovations like rubber walkways to ease walking strain. Dedicated pedestrian paths and smart systems for traffic monitoring enhance flow. The General Syndicate of Cars provides buses meeting high standards, and modern technologies like tracking maps and mobile apps are used.
• Health Services: The Kingdom provides comprehensive health services through an integrated medical system, described as the largest of its kind globally. The Ministry of Health supervises a plan focused on prevention and rapid intervention. Services are available in hospitals, health centers, field clinics, and through specialized medical teams and volunteers. A wide network operates 24/7, providing care, treatment, prevention, and awareness. Translation services are provided to facilitate communication with pilgrims of different nationalities. Precise procedures handle emergencies with mobile ambulance teams in crowded areas and coordination for quick transport. Volunteers provide crucial humanitarian support, relieving pressure on medical staff and assisting in awareness and first aid. Integrated medical clinics with modern equipment are available for King’s Guests, offering 24/7 services including check-ups and health education. The health minister noted the readiness of the health system with over 50,000 staff, increased capacity, equipped facilities, and preventive measures. Mobile medical units, like a stroke unit in Mecca, provide rapid, life-saving treatment on-site.
• Food and Logistics: Providing high-quality food services with variety and efficiency is a key focus. Partnerships between government, private sector, and charities ensure meal provision and distribution. All food undergoes strict control by the Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) to ensure safety, hygiene, and compliance. SFDA inspectors check food and drug shipments at entry points like Jeddah airport, using AI and advanced systems. Mecca Municipality also gives great importance to monitoring food and water, using advanced laboratories and electronic tracking systems. Distribution of food is coordinated via a precise system overseen by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, with detailed planning based on pilgrim numbers and camp locations. Specialized food options are available for different nationalities, dietary needs, or health conditions. Zamzam water and mineral water are widely distributed. The Minister of Environment, Water, and Agriculture inspects preparations, including water provision and sanitation projects, emphasizing quality and coordination.
• Guidance and Communication: Guidance and linguistic support are essential. Multilingual guides are trained to understand pilgrim needs and Hajj dynamics, providing support, accurate information on rituals, and helping with communication barriers. Female guiding teams are available for female pilgrims. Field teams work 24/7 for immediate support and translation. Interactive maps are used to help pilgrims navigate. Common languages are prioritized (e.g., Urdu, French, Farsi, Malay, Indonesian). The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance provides guidance services and hosts exhibitions showcasing the Kingdom’s efforts.
• Accommodation: Accommodation is a crucial element for pilgrim comfort. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah offers distinct Hajj packages via the “Nusuk Hajj” platform, providing flexibility in options and prices. Services contribute to facilitating Hajj, providing ease of access and hospitality. A project to transport pilgrim luggage from their home country to their accommodation is noted as a development. Mina is prepared with camps to receive pilgrims.
• Media and Awareness: The Ministry of Media launched the “Hajj Media Forum” to support media coverage and enhance cooperation, highlighting services and projects. It provides an integrated media environment with technology. Awareness campaigns, such as the “No Hajj without a Permit” campaign, play a role in organization and pilgrim safety. The Ministry of Media, Broadcasting and Television Authority, and the Government Communication Center are involved in highlighting Hajj efforts and broadcasting in multiple languages. Exhibitions showcase the Kingdom’s services.

Overall, the preparations for Hajj are comprehensive, involving detailed planning, significant investment in infrastructure and technology, extensive coordination among numerous government and private entities, mobilization of skilled personnel and volunteers, and continuous evaluation and development efforts, all aimed at enabling millions of pilgrims to perform their rituals in an atmosphere of security, ease, and comfort.

Gaza: Conflict, Aid Obstruction, and Displacement

Based on the sources provided, here’s a discussion of the situation in Gaza:

The Gaza Strip is currently experiencing a dire situation marked by ongoing conflict and humanitarian challenges. According to UNRWA, approximately 50,000 children have been killed or injured in Gaza within a span of just 20 months. Civilians, including children, aid workers, medical personnel, and journalists, continue to face the risk of death and injury.

Efforts to deliver humanitarian aid are severely obstructed. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) described humanitarian services in Gaza as among the most obstructed operations in the recent history of global humanitarian response. Since March, Israeli authorities have imposed a tight siege on humanitarian aid and goods, allowing only what the UN has termed a “drop in the ocean of needs” to enter in the preceding two weeks. Due to Israeli restrictions and a lack of security, the UN and its partners have been unable to deliver most of the aid. The little aid that does enter is often looted by desperate residents struggling to feed their families. UNRWA has stated that current aid distribution methods are insufficient to meet the urgent humanitarian needs, particularly for the sick, elderly, and injured. They assert that they can deliver aid safely and on a large scale if there is a ceasefire.

There are reports from Gaza indicating that aid distribution centers themselves have become dangerous locations. The Israeli army has reportedly targeted Palestinians near an aid distribution center in western Rafah on consecutive days, resulting in dozens of casualties. Sources from Nasser Hospital reported people being killed and injured while attempting to reach an aid center in Rafah supported by Israel and the US. Gaza’s government media office reported a massacre targeting the aid distribution center in western Rafah and the Netzarim corridor, with numerous killed and injured. Officials in Gaza allege that the occupation forces deliberately target gatherings of displaced people for “liquidation” and intentionally gather families at aid centers to kill them there. They also claim that aid centers function as military points serving Israel’s agenda and that Israel is actively working to sabotage aid distribution systems, driving people towards these centers through famine before shooting them.

The Alliance of Lawyers for Palestine in Switzerland (ASAP) has raised concerns about an organization referred to as “Gaza Humanitarian,” alleging it involves elements from the US army and intelligence. According to the head of the alliance, this organization, working with “Safe Reach Solutions,” is reportedly hiring military and intelligence personnel to collect data aimed at facilitating the management or control of Gaza and securing aid. The reported goals include studying reactions, monitoring and recording tired communities, gathering digital identities, and processing data to identify members of Hamas and other armed individuals. The alliance views dealing with any official entity attempting to bring aid under these circumstances as a betrayal of humanitarian principles, humanitarian law, and the Palestinian cause. They are reportedly collaborating with Swiss authorities to investigate the work of this organization and others involved in aid efforts.

Geographically, with the expansion of Israeli actions, less than 18% of Gaza’s area remains where civilians are permitted. The rest of the territory is either under direct Israeli control or designated as evacuation areas subjected to continuous shelling. Displacement continues across Gaza, with hundreds of thousands displaced in a two-week period. The overall situation is described as the worst since the start of the war, with shelling persistent throughout the Strip, including in the north where the last partially functioning hospital was forced to evacuate.

Politically, the GCC Ministerial Council has addressed the situation, condemning Israel’s announcement about creating an agency aimed at displacing Palestinians from Gaza. They have affirmed their support for the Palestinian people in Gaza, calling for the end of the blockade, the opening of all crossings for humanitarian aid, and the provision of protection. They also expressed support for the two-state solution and rejected attempts to displace the population of Gaza.

Global Oil Market Dynamics and Forecasts

Based on the sources provided, the oil market is currently experiencing dynamic shifts influenced by production decisions, demand trends, and geopolitical factors.

Recently, oil prices have risen, with Brent crude increasing by 2.33% ($1.46 per barrel to $64.24) and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) rising by 2.73% ($1.66 to $62.45). This price increase occurred after OPEC+ decided to increase production by 411,000 barrels per day (bpd) in July. This represents the third consecutive month of increases of this size. The market had largely priced in this July increase, although some participants reportedly expected a larger increase. Goldman Sachs anticipates a similar 410,000 bpd increase will be finalized for August.

OPEC+, the group of major oil producers, appears to be using these increases as part of a strategy to recover market share, particularly from members like Iraq and Kazakhstan who have reportedly been overproducing relative to their committed quotas. However, Kazakhstan reportedly intends not to cut its output. OPEC+ aims to maintain market stability through production quotas, but challenges arise from delays in responding to price changes, as well as the impact of a slowing global economy, rising inflation, and reduced consumer spending.

Regarding supply, Saudi Arabia’s oil exports rose to 6 million bpd in May and are expected to increase further in June, which some interpret as a potential gap between its production agreements and actual exports. Russian crude exports transported by sea fell slightly in April to 4.82 million bpd after being stable in March and increasing slightly in April. Overall, the agreed OPEC+ production increase reportedly has not yet translated into increased shipments. Forecasts based on expected supply growth, particularly from US shale, suggest potential market surpluses of 1.5 million bpd in 2025 and 2.5 million bpd in 2026. US crude output reached its highest level in March at 13.49 million bpd, but the number of active oil rigs in the US has declined, reaching its lowest level since November 2021 in the week prior to the report.

On the demand side, there has been a significant increase in gasoline demand in the United States with the start of the summer driving season. A weekly increase of nearly 1 million bpd in US gasoline demand was noted as the third highest weekly increase in the past three years. Conversely, there are signs of weakening Asian demand for crude, particularly in China, which may be partly due to trade disruptions. China’s oil imports had increased in March and April, leading to a crude surplus of 1.98 million bpd in April (the highest since June 2023) due to purchases of discounted oil from sources like Iran and Russia, but China’s imports fell in May. Overall, Asian demand hasn’t increased despite lower prices in the first quarter of 2024.

Crude inventories in the developed world increased by 21.4 million barrels in March, reaching 1.323 billion barrels, although this is still 139 million barrels below the 2015-2019 average.

Geopolitical factors are also playing a role in the oil market. Increased military actions between Russia and Ukraine are providing support to oil prices. There is also discussion in the US Congress about potentially imposing more sanctions on Moscow, targeting countries that purchase Russian oil like China and India. A proposed US law suggests a 500% tariff on imports from countries that transport Russian oil, which could potentially limit global supply and cause prices to rise.

Saudi Arabia holds a strong position in the market due to its high production capacity, exceeding 3 million bpd, and reportedly very low lifting costs ($3.53/barrel). This allows the Kingdom flexibility to increase its market share when prices are high or stable, potentially offsetting production cuts made as part of OPEC+ agreements. The Kingdom is also investing in advanced technology for oil extraction and processing. The Saudi Minister of Finance views the current lower prices and global uncertainty as an “opportunity” to re-evaluate financial plans and avoid the “trap of economic volatility,” emphasizing flexible spending and boosting investment alongside potential strategies to enhance oil revenues from production to refined products. Saudi Arabia’s voluntary production cuts, exceeding 9.5 million bpd of its total capacity, are seen as a positive step for gradually raising prices, despite these cuts continuing until the end of 2026.

Looking ahead, analysts forecast Brent crude prices at $56/barrel and WTI at $52/barrel in 2026, based on expectations of future surpluses. Meanwhile, in the UK, high energy costs for manufacturing are highlighted as a significant challenge, reportedly being the highest among major advanced economies.

Saudi Cultural Events and Initiatives

Based on the sources provided, the cultural landscape discussed is dynamic and involves various events, initiatives, and areas of focus within Saudi Arabia and through its participation internationally. These activities often highlight national identity, heritage, arts, language, and creativity, sometimes linking to broader national goals like Vision 2030.

Here are some of the cultural events and initiatives mentioned:

• Hajj-Related Cultural Activities:
• The Forum on the History of Hajj and the Two Holy Mosques is a pioneering scientific and knowledge-based project organized by Darat King Abdulaziz in cooperation with the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah. It aims to highlight the historical and cultural heritage of the Two Holy Mosques. The forum is intended to provide a scientific and knowledge environment for researchers and specialists from different countries. It seeks to document the journey of Hajj from its beginnings to the present day, highlighting civilizational and organizational aspects and the experiences of pilgrims. This initiative aligns with the Kingdom’s continuous efforts since its unification to serve pilgrims and the Two Holy Mosques, viewing it as an honor and responsibility.
• The Hajj Media Forum, in its second edition, was launched by the Ministry of Media as part of the “Serving the Guests of God” program, a realization of Vision 2030. It serves as an integrated media center and interactive exhibition, including studios, a live broadcast platform, and virtual reality technology. The forum aims to support media coverage, enhance cooperation in a technology-rich environment, and showcase the significant transformation and services provided to pilgrims, as well as major projects and achievements in the Two Holy Mosques and Holy Sites. It involves participation from various government and private entities. The forum also aims to enhance innovation in media content and coverage of Hajj.
• The Guests of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Program for Hajj, Umrah, and Visit, implemented by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Call and Guidance, involves welcoming guests from over 100 countries. The program provides comprehensive services, including integrated medical clinics. It also includes cultural elements such as showcasing Saudi hospitality and culture, exemplified by the “Saudi Coffee” corners in the accommodation centers, which received significant interest from pilgrims. An exhibition is part of this program, reviewing the Kingdom’s efforts in serving Islam and Muslims, and highlighting the services provided to the guests, including their reception, performance of rituals, and visits to historical sites in Mecca and Medina. The exhibition also features a section dedicated to quotes from Saudi kings regarding the service of pilgrims. Guests have praised the program, seeing it as a unique model reflecting the Kingdom’s commitment to serving the guests of God.
• Heritage and Museums:
• The Saudi Embassy in the Netherlands celebrated the International Museum Day and World Heritage Day in The Hague. The event included a heritage exhibition, featuring reproductions of historical and archaeological pieces, and a visual presentation of the virtual reality of the National Museum in the Kingdom. It highlighted the Kingdom’s efforts in heritage protection and registration on the UNESCO World Heritage list, specifically mentioning the registration of Al-Faw village. The event emphasized the vital role of cultural and heritage institutions in preserving shared human history and promoting understanding and dialogue between civilizations. The Kingdom is committed to protecting and enhancing its cultural heritage as part of Vision 2030.
• Arts and Creativity:
• The Saudi Cultural Fund participated in Expo Osaka 2025, hosting a dialogue session titled “Entrepreneurship for Innovation: A Saudi Cultural Endeavor”. The session highlighted the thriving cultural sector in the Kingdom and the accelerated growth of entrepreneurship in cultural fields, emphasizing the sector’s economic and social impact. The Fund’s role in empowering entrepreneurs through financial and developmental solutions was also showcased. The event included showcasing innovative handicrafts, reflecting the beauty of Saudi handicrafts. This participation is part of the Fund’s efforts during Expo Osaka to highlight the Saudi cultural identity and review its development journey within the framework of Vision 2030.
• The “Jahbid” (The Gifted) exhibition in Tabuk showcased the work of young artists inspired by pioneers of Saudi plastic art. The initiative aimed to appreciate Saudi artists, highlight local art, connect children to their visual and cultural identity, and plant a love for art in them from a young age. It is seen as a step towards supporting cultural objectives within Vision 2030, contributing to building a vibrant, creative society. The exhibition was the result of a three-month training journey that transformed children from art appreciators into confident creators.
• Ethraa Eid, the King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra)’s Eid al-Adha celebration, includes over 31 diverse activities under the theme “A Ribbon of Giving”. These activities blend joy, knowledge, and inspiration in a creative cultural framework. Events include storytelling sessions, a performance celebrating cultural diversity in the Islamic world, a musical performance, handicrafts exhibitions, interactive experiences promoting values, art installations, creative workshops, and cinema screenings. The event aims to provide unique cultural experiences and strengthen Ithra’s role as a cultural destination.
• Language and Literature:
• The King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language concluded a program in Jeddah for “Qualifying Arabic Experts” in partnership with King Abdulaziz University. The program involved training Arabic language teachers for non-native speakers to enhance their competencies and transfer knowledge, supporting the Academy’s strategic path in empowering the Arabic language globally.
• The Abu Dhabi International Book Fair 2025 is mentioned as a major cultural event that hosted numerous writers, publishers, and intellectuals, focusing on promoting local literature and cultural identity. (Note: This event took place in Abu Dhabi, not Saudi Arabia, although Saudi participants might have attended).
• Cultural Documentation and Reflection:
• A book titled “Airports” documents the history and development of aviation in the Northern Borders region over 75 years, including historical visits and strategic importance. This represents an effort in documenting specific aspects of the region’s history and development.
• An article reflects on “The Symphony of the Place: The Memory of Living Sound,” discussing how the distinct sounds of different places within Saudi Arabia (like Jeddah, Riyadh, and Al-Ahsa) constitute an important, unwritten part of cultural identity and heritage.

These sources indicate a concerted effort to preserve, promote, and innovate within the cultural sphere, often leveraging events and exhibitions to engage audiences and showcase Saudi identity and contributions globally.

Saudi Arabia Sports Highlights

Based on the provided sources, discussions around sports events cover various aspects, from national team preparations and domestic competitions to international participation and hosting, as well as player transfers and the intersection of sports with leadership and community engagement.

Here are some of the sports events and related activities mentioned:

• Football:
• The Saudi national football team is preparing for upcoming matches against the Bahraini and Australian national teams. Preparations include training sessions. Specific players like Abdullah Mado and Jihad Thikri are mentioned, with Mado participating in training and Thikri being replaced due to injury. The coach, Herve Renard, will determine the lineup for the match against Bahrain. The team will conduct training sessions, with the first quarter-hour open to media, before traveling to Manama.
• The draw for the Round of 32 of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Cup (King’s Cup) for the 2025-2026 season was held. This competition is referred to as one of the “most expensive cups”. The draw resulted in strong matchups, including Al Ittihad facing Al Wehda, Al Hilal meeting Al Adalah, Al Nassr playing Al Arabi, and Al Ahli visiting Jeddah. Other matchups for the Round of 32 are also listed. The matches are scheduled to take place between September 21-24, with the exact times and stadiums to be determined later. The participating clubs include teams from the Roshen Saudi League and the first division.
• Al Hilal club’s striker, Aleksandar Mitrovic, is reportedly on the radar of three English clubs: Manchester United, Everton, and West Ham United. Mitrovic is 30 years old and is seemingly willing to accept a pay cut to return to play in Europe. Al Hilal might agree to sell him if an offer of 40 million British pounds is received. Mitrovic joined Al Hilal in the summer of 2023. In his first season, he helped the team win the local treble (Roshen League, King’s Cup, Saudi Super Cup). He also won the Super Cup again at the start of the 2024-2025 season. The source notes that Al Hilal’s performance this season was below expectations, as they lost the Roshen League title, were eliminated from the King’s Cup quarter-finals, and the Elite Asian Champions League semi-finals. Mitrovic’s statistics for Al Hilal (appearances, goals, assists) and his current market value are also provided.
• The Saudi Football Federation participated in the FIFA Global Football Week. This event, organized by FIFA, aims to implement social initiatives and enhance closeness between communities, players, fans, and cultures. The SFF’s participation was through regional training centers, academies, and sports clubs across various regions in the Kingdom. The event included sports and entertainment activities under the slogan “Together We Are Stronger,” coinciding with FIFA Foundation Day and the Paris Olympics. The SFF also prepared tools for national federations, clubs, centers, and communities to help organize successful local events for this occasion, which is being held for the first time and is planned to be annual.
• Al Hazem club has achieved promotion back to the Roshen Saudi League. Their return followed a playoff victory. The source highlights the club’s determination, the cooperation among players, administration, and fans, and the positive impact of technical and administrative changes and player acquisitions. Al Hazem has a notable history, being the team with the most promotions to the top league. Their best achievement in the league was seventh place. Their upcoming season will be their eighth in the top flight since the 2009 season. The promotion means they will play the “Al Rass derby” against Al Kholood for the first time in the top league. To maintain their position in the top league, the club needs to analyze their past performance, address weaknesses, secure strong administrative support and sufficient budget, and recruit new players.
• An article reflects on the previous season, particularly praising Al Ittihad club’s success in winning the Roshen League and the King’s Cup. It highlights the unity within the club (administration, players, fans) as a key factor. The support from the fans, referred to as the “Ittihad stands,” is specifically commended for its organization and impact, becoming a model that other clubs and international media discussed. Fan displays during the King’s Cup final are mentioned as conveying significant messages linked to national identity and leadership.
• A commentary section discusses various football-related topics, including issues with the Sports Arbitration Center following Al Wehda’s protest, commentary regarding the center’s management, Al Qadsiah coach’s excuses after losing to Al Ittihad, the historical loss of Italian club Inter Milan and its potential impact on speculation linking coach Inzaghi to Al Hilal.
• The Asian ‘C’ Coaching License course, organized by the technical department of the Saudi Football Federation, has concluded. The course, held over 5 days in Jeddah, involved 24 national coaches. It aimed to enhance their skills through theoretical and practical training, including preparing training units and testing methods. This is part of the SFF’s efforts to develop national coaches.
• The CAF Champions League saw Egyptian club Pyramids FC win the title for the first time. This is noted as significant as they are the fourth Egyptian club to win. Pyramids FC’s history, including past ownership by Saudi figure Turki Al Sheikh, and their status as a non-traditional club reaching the final are mentioned. Their victory qualifies them for the African Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup in 2029.
• Preparations for the FIFA Club World Cup are mentioned, with Manchester City excluding player Mateo Kovacic due to injury. Borussia Dortmund has also begun preparations with a limited squad due to international duties. The new format tournament is set to begin in June. The timing is noted as causing issues for clubs’ schedules and player contracts. Dortmund is reportedly interested in signing Jobe Bellingham. Dortmund’s match against Fluminense in the group stage is mentioned.
• In European football transfers, Bayer Leverkusen reportedly rejected a second offer from Liverpool for player Florian Wirtz. Details of the offer value and Leverkusen’s asking price are included. Other clubs had previously withdrawn interest due to the high price.
• Judo:
• The Minister of Sports Judo Cup championship has concluded. Organized by the Saudi Judo Federation, the event took place in Riyadh with the participation of over 160 players from 28 clubs in the senior category. Competitions were held across seven weight categories. The winning clubs were Al Nassr (1st), Al Hilal (2nd), Al Ahli (3rd), and Al Ittihad (4th). The Excellence Shield was awarded to Al Fateh, Al Qadsiah, and Al Shabab for their performance throughout the season. The head of the Judo Federation emphasized the tournament’s role in supporting clubs and players and raising the level of competition.
• Multi-Sport Events / Solidarity Games:
• The Heads of Missions seminar for the 6th Islamic Solidarity Games, to be held in Riyadh in November 2025, has commenced. The seminar includes representatives from national Olympic and Paralympic committees of the member states of the Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation. Hosting the games reflects the significant progress of Saudi sports and aims to strengthen cooperation and unity among Islamic nations through sports, aligning with Vision 2030. Presentations were given on the current preparations, operational plans, services, and facilities. Visits were also made to sports facilities, including those for camel racing and “Jump Saudi”.
• Leadership and Sports:
• An article discusses the qualities of a strategic leader, using the example of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman attending the final match of the King’s Cup. His presence is highlighted as an illustration of leadership traits such as distributing responsibility, valuing collaboration, and humility.

These events reflect a vibrant sports scene in Saudi Arabia, with significant focus on developing national capabilities, hosting international events, and engaging communities, often linked to broader national development goals like Vision 2030.

Download PDF Newspaper

Read or Download PDF Newspaper – Al-Riyadh Newspaper, June 3, 2025

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

Affiliate Disclosure: This blog may contain affiliate links, which means I may earn a small commission if you click on the link and make a purchase. This comes at no additional cost to you. I only recommend products or services that I believe will add value to my readers. Your support helps keep this blog running and allows me to continue providing you with quality content. Thank you for your support!

This compilation of articles from the Riyadh newspaper provides a snapshot of current events and developments across various sectors in June 2025. Several pieces focus on the upcoming Hajj pilgrimage, detailing security preparations, health services utilizing advanced technology like drones, and the arrival of Palestinian pilgrims hosted by Saudi Arabia. Other articles cover economic matters, including adjustments to the Saudi housing support program to aid citizens and a discussion on global energy markets, touching on oil price fluctuations and the impact of trade tensions. Finally, the collection features articles on international relations, notably discussing Jordan’s efforts to end the conflict in Gaza, the US envoy’s rejection of Hamas’s ceasefire response, and Saudi Arabia’s evolving relationship with Syria as seen through renewed flight routes.

Podcast

Listen or Download Podcast – Al-Riyadh Newspaper, June 2, 2025

Gaza War and the Palestinian Cause: Situation, Diplomacy, and Change

Based on the sources provided, here is a discussion of the Gaza War and related issues concerning the Palestinian cause:

The sources highlight the ongoing conflict in the Gaza Strip and the broader Palestinian issue, emphasizing various dimensions including the severity of the situation on the ground, diplomatic efforts, and changing regional dynamics.

Situation in Gaza and Occupied Territories:

• The sources describe the situation in the Gaza Strip as involving war, a blockade, and a humanitarian catastrophe.
• There are escalating violations and a loss of opportunities for solutions.
• Israel is reported to be committing massacres against Palestinians, with international and International Court of Justice testimony cited as support for this. One specific incident mentioned is an Israeli shelling on a house that resulted in the death of nine children (Rivane, Eve, Jubran, Rasan, Rakan, Yahya, Adam, and Sidra) and injuries to the sole surviving child (Luqman) and their father, who is in intensive care.
• The sources mention continuous Israeli ground operations in areas south of Khan Younis, including Al-Najjar and Khuza’a, which have expanded to target dozens of residential homes and the hospital area, accompanied by intensive air raids and artillery shelling.
• Beyond Gaza, the sources also note actions in other occupied territories, specifically settler activities in areas like Sinjil, Burqa, Ni’lin, Qibya, and Sa’ir. Settlers are described as attacking residents’ homes, Palestinian vehicles with stones, farmers on their land, and forcing Palestinians to leave their land, sometimes releasing sheep into agricultural crops. Occupation forces are reported to protect settlers and make arrests of Palestinians attempting to confront them.

Diplomatic Stances and Efforts:

• Saudi Arabia maintains a position emphasizing that the recognition of the State of Palestine is not merely symbolic but a tangible plan towards peace and stability in the region.
• The Saudi Foreign Minister, Prince Faisal bin Farhan, has called on European countries to recognize the State of Palestine, reiterating a long-held Saudi strategic stance. This call is described as putting points on the letters after years of Western avoidance.
• Saudi Arabia views recognition as a fundamental right that would end double standards and grant the Palestinians legitimacy that has been denied for decades.
• The sources indicate that the Saudi movement is not limited to statements but involves working through multiple channels including the Arab League, the United Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and Gulf summits to mobilize international recognition and confront attempts to legitimize the reality of the occupation. The OIC is highlighted as a key platform for defending the interests and issues of its member states, including the Palestinian cause.
• Saudi Arabia is repositioning its tools and addressing the world with a realistic and impactful language. The sources suggest the need for decisiveness, presenting Europe with a “final moral test” to either stand for justice or remain in gray positions that fail to build security or create peace.
• A Ministerial Committee from the Extraordinary Arab-Islamic Summit concerning developments in the Gaza Strip, chaired by Prince Faisal bin Farhan, met in Amman. This meeting discussed efforts to end the war and blockade on Gaza, allow the flow of aid, and strengthen efforts to stop all violations by the Israeli occupation authorities against the Palestinian people and occupied territories.
• Saudi Arabia is co-chairing a high-level international conference with France in New York in June aimed at a peaceful settlement of the Palestinian issue and the implementation of the two-state solution, as part of efforts to embody an independent Palestinian state based on the June 4th lines.
• The sources also mention Saudi Arabia’s historical and honorable stances towards the Palestinian cause, describing them as an extension of the leadership’s directives. This includes hosting Palestinian pilgrims from the families of martyrs, prisoners, and wounded under a specific program, seen as reinforcing Islamic brotherhood.

Changing Dynamics:

• The sources analyze a shift in the global mood towards Israel. The world is witnessing what is described as “genocide” practiced by Israel.
• The situation has changed, and rising regional powers, led by Saudi Arabia, are now in a position to directly influence international decisions.
• The change in the international mood towards Israel is presented as a continuous reality, not just a temporary state. It is suggested that Israel must recognize that the region has changed in favor of regional countries, regardless of the size of external support it receives. Israel is expected to lose much of its standing in the long term due to popular and geopolitical transformations.

Saudi Housing Support Amendment

Based on the provided sources, there is specific information regarding Housing Support in Saudi Arabia.

According to the source, the Council of Ministers has approved an amendment to the housing support regulation. This amendment is presented as one of the mechanisms provided by the state. The primary goal of this amendment is to increase the percentage of home ownership for citizens.

The amendment is described as a continuation of the efforts undertaken by the “Sakani” program. This program aims to provide diverse housing options and solutions that are suitable for the needs of Saudi families. It offers flexible and multiple solutions for beneficiaries. The overall effort, including the amendment and the Sakani program, is part of strengthening housing support and accelerating the pace of family ownership through diverse housing and financing options.

Preparing for Hajj: Safety and Service for Guests of Rahman

Based on the provided sources, preparations for the Hajj season involve extensive efforts across various sectors to ensure the safety, health, and comfort of pilgrims, referred to as Guests of Rahman. These preparations are described as a great human message representing the highest forms of sacrifice and giving.

Key aspects of Hajj preparations highlighted in the sources include:

• Overall Readiness and Effort: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia undertakes tremendous efforts under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and his Crown Prince for the organization and crowd management (التنظيم والتفويج) in serving the Guests of Rahman. This effort is part of strengthening Islamic brotherhood and is seen as an extension of the leadership’s directives. The Hajj care provided has become a global model for smart management, health, and logistical services, ensuring service for millions of pilgrims.
• Security: There is a focus on the readiness and preparedness of Hajj security forces for executing their field tasks in preserving Hajj security. This involves field exercises and simulations of different security scenarios and a review of security equipment, including vehicles, security aviation, and advanced equipment used during the Hajj season. Security personnel are described as the first line of protection for Guests of Rahman, working with resolve and seriousness amidst the large influx of crowds and diverse nationalities, cultures, and languages. Their roles extend beyond enforcing order to providing direct assistance, handling emergency human situations, and dealing with the elderly and sick with compassion and calmness, even working long hours under difficult conditions.
• Health and Medical Services: The health system’s readiness for Guests of Rahman is a significant part of the preparations. Health services provided are reviewed, including complex procedures like open-heart surgeries and cardiac catheterizations. Advanced technology is being integrated, such as the activation of drones for the first time in the medical supply system during Hajj to transport urgent medical items to high-density areas, avoiding traffic. Paramedics (المسعفون) are described as the first line of defense in confronting emergency situations, distributed throughout the holy sites ready for any emergency. They handle cases like heat strokes and exhaustion, transporting critical cases to equipped ambulances quickly. They approach pilgrims with reassuring smiles and comforting words, carrying compassion and a sense of responsibility. Health awareness materials are prepared, including a health awareness bag distributed in 8 languages.
• Services (Water, Environment): Readiness inspections are conducted for sectors like water and environmental services in Mecca and the holy sites. The goal is to double efforts and raise the readiness of all system sectors to provide the highest standards of quality and efficiency to create an ideal environment for pilgrims.
• Logistics and Crowd Management: Facilitating crowd management is crucial to ensure the safety of pilgrims. This is supported by providing technologies and tools such as counting sensors for real-time density data and guiding screens and boards. The regulations and laws, such as “No Hajj without a permit” (لا حج بلا تصريح), are emphasized as regulatory systems approved by the Kingdom that must be respected by all wishing to perform Hajj for the sake of everyone.
• Guidance and Support (Religious, Humanitarian): Specific programs exist, such as the hosting of Palestinian pilgrims from the families of martyrs, prisoners, and wounded, as part of reinforcing Islamic brotherhood. This includes a comprehensive operational plan for their service in Mecca and Medina. Volunteers (المتطوعون) are present everywhere with sincere smiles, undertaking varied tasks like guiding the lost, distributing water, and helping the elderly, all with the single goal of serving Guests of Rahman with love and seeking reward. Volunteering in Hajj is described as a great responsibility requiring patience and tact. Additionally, a number of Sheikhs are assigned to respond to pilgrims’ inquiries. The care and attention, including special care for communities like the deaf, are seen as embodying the values of mercy and justice in serving pilgrims.

Overall, the preparations are multifaceted, combining advanced technology, dedicated human effort, and rigorous organization to manage the immense scale of the Hajj pilgrimage, ensuring pilgrims can perform their rituals safely and smoothly.

Gaza Humanitarian Crisis and Aid Efforts

Based on the sources provided and our conversation history, the issue of Palestine Aid is discussed primarily in the context of the ongoing conflict in Gaza and broader humanitarian efforts.

The sources indicate a critical humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip, describing it as involving war, a blockade, and a humanitarian catastrophe. There are specific reports of Israel committing massacres against Palestinians, including an incident where aid seekers were targeted in Gaza. The sources also state that only a small amount of aid has arrived, suggesting a significant shortfall in necessary supplies.

Diplomatic efforts are underway to address this situation. A Ministerial Committee from the Extraordinary Arab-Islamic Summit, chaired by Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Minister, met in Amman to discuss, among other things, ending the war and blockade on Gaza and allowing the flow of aid. The Palestinian Foreign Ministry stated that the Israeli government prevented a visit by a delegation from this committee to the State of Palestine via the occupied West Bank, viewing this as a flagrant violation of its commitments under international law.

In a different form of support, the sources mention the arrival of the first groups of guests hosted by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques from the families of Palestinian martyrs, prisoners, and wounded. This program reinforces Islamic brotherhood and includes a comprehensive plan for their service during Hajj.

The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre (KSrelief) is also mentioned as continuing to implement humanitarian and relief projects in several countries around the world to alleviate the suffering of affected populations. These efforts aim to assist the needy and achieve food and health security in affected areas. While these sources detail KSrelief’s global work, including aid distribution in Syria, they do not specifically mention aid directed to Palestine in this particular context.

Oil Market Dynamics and OPEC+ Influence

Based on the provided sources, discussions related to oil market stability revolve around factors influencing prices and supply, as well as the actions of organizations like OPEC and OPEC+ aimed at managing market dynamics.

The sources indicate that the efforts of OPEC and the countries allied with it within the framework of OPEC+ to raise production have begun to bear fruit. It is argued that this production increase, which some had criticized, has proven to be correct, and that OPEC+’s calculations were accurate.

The issue, according to one source, lies in the oil cycle. Increasing production can lead to a market surplus, causing oil prices to fall. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the activity of oil and gas companies operating in areas with high production costs, such as deepwater drilling and shale gas producers whose production costs average around $65 per barrel. In comparison, the average production cost in the Middle East is around $25 per barrel, and in Saudi Arabia it is about $3.19. The reduction in production by these high-cost companies causes supply to decrease, leading to prices rising again – and so the cycle continues. This cycle, it is argued, was the cause of energy crises over the past 15 years.

Source provides specific details about recent market conditions:

• The average price of the OPEC crude basket during the first quarter was $76.7 per barrel, an increase of 4.4% compared to the previous quarter.
• The price of Brent crude rose to $74.9 per barrel, and the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude rose to $71.4 per barrel.
• These price increases were driven by a combination of positive economic forecasts, geopolitical tensions, fears of supply shortages, and rising demand for petroleum products used for heating during the winter season.
• Globally, oil supplies increased by 0.7% on a quarterly basis, reaching approximately 103.1 million barrels, primarily due to increased production from Kazakhstan, Canada, Iran, Nigeria, Libya, Russia, and the United States, despite decreases in other OPEC countries, Azerbaijan, and the OECD.
• Global demand for oil decreased by 1.3% on a quarterly basis, reaching approximately 104.1 million barrels per day. This was influenced by decreased consumption in the United States, China, Europe, Russia, the Americas, the Middle East, and Latin America, while India and other Asian countries recorded increases.

Overall, the sources highlight the complex interplay of production adjustments by key players like OPEC+, global supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical factors, and economic outlooks that all contribute to the fluctuating nature of oil prices and the market cycle. The actions of OPEC+ in adjusting production are presented as a means to navigate these dynamics.

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By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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