These learning materials offer a comprehensive guide to mastering Microsoft Excel, starting with fundamental interface elements like the ribbon and cells. They progress to essential functions such as SUM and IF, alongside data manipulation techniques including sorting, filtering, and removing duplicates. The resources also cover data visualization through various charts and pivot tables, as well as more advanced tools like Power Query and the use of the AI-powered Copilot. Furthermore, they explore the role of Excel in data analysis, covering statistical functions and the creation of interactive dashboards. Finally, the materials touch upon career paths in data analysis, emphasizing required skills and the importance of projects and portfolios. The practical demonstrations and step-by-step instructions aim to equip users with both basic and intermediate Excel proficiencies.

Excel Proficiency Study Guide

Quiz

1. Explain the primary difference between the COUNT and COUNTA functions in Excel. Provide a brief example illustrating this difference.

• The COUNT function only counts cells containing numerical values within a specified range, while COUNTA counts all non-empty cells, including those with numbers, text, dates, and logical values. For example, if range A1:A3 contains “1”, “apple”, and a blank cell, COUNT would return 1, and COUNTA would return 2.

1. Describe how the COUNTIF function is used in Excel. Give a simple scenario where using COUNTIF would be beneficial.

• The COUNTIF function counts the number of cells within a specified range that meet a given criteria. A beneficial scenario would be counting how many students in a class scored above a certain grade on an exam by specifying the score threshold as the criteria within the range of student scores.

1. What are the steps involved in formatting dates in Excel? Mention at least two different date formats one might apply.

• To format dates, select the cells containing the dates, right-click, and choose “Format Cells.” In the “Number” tab, select “Date” from the category list. Then, choose the desired format from the available options or create a custom format. Two different date formats are “MM/DD/YYYY” and “DD-MMM-YY”.

1. Explain the purpose of the DATEDIF function in Excel. What are the common units used to calculate the difference between two dates with this function?

• The DATEDIF function calculates the difference between two dates based on a specified unit. Common units used include “Y” for years, “M” for months, and “D” for days. It’s often used to calculate age or the duration between events.

1. Describe the ROUND function in Excel and its basic syntax. Provide an example of how it can be used to simplify decimal values.

• The ROUND function rounds a number to a specified number of digits. The basic syntax is =ROUND(number, num_digits). For example, =ROUND(80.66, 1) would round the number 80.66 to one decimal place, resulting in 80.7.

1. Briefly explain the concept of standard deviation and variance in the context of Excel and data analysis. How are these measures helpful?

• Standard deviation measures the dispersion or spread of data points around the mean, while variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean. These measures are helpful in understanding the variability within a dataset; a higher standard deviation or variance indicates greater spread.

1. How does the MATCH function work in Excel? What are the key arguments required for this function?

• The MATCH function searches for a specified item in a range of cells and then returns the relative position of that item in the range. The key arguments are lookup_value (the item to search for), lookup_array (the range to search within), and match_type (specifying exact or approximate match).

1. Outline the purpose and basic steps for using the SUMIFS function in Excel. How does it differ from the SUMIF function?

• The SUMIFS function calculates the sum of cells in a range that meet multiple criteria. The basic steps involve selecting the sum range, then specifying pairs of criteria ranges and their corresponding criteria. Unlike SUMIF, which allows only one condition, SUMIFS can handle multiple conditions.

1. What is a macro in Excel, and how can it be used to count colored cells based on manual formatting?

• A macro in Excel is a recorded or programmed sequence of actions that can automate tasks. A macro to count manually colored cells would involve VBA code that iterates through a specified range, checks the interior color of each cell against a given color code, and increments a counter for each match.

1. Explain the core idea behind time series data and mention its primary components as discussed in the source material.

• Time series data is a sequence of data points recorded over specific intervals of time, making it time-dependent. Its primary components are trend (the overall direction of the data), seasonality (periodic fluctuations), cyclicity (longer-term fluctuations), and irregularity (random variations).

Essay Format Questions

1. Discuss the importance of data validation in Excel. Describe different data validation techniques and explain how they contribute to data accuracy and integrity.
2. Compare and contrast the use of formulas and functions in Excel. Provide examples of when you might use each and explain the order of operations Excel follows when evaluating formulas.
3. Explain the functionality and benefits of using the VLOOKUP function in Excel. Describe a scenario where VLOOKUP would be particularly useful and discuss its limitations compared to other lookup functions.
4. Discuss the capabilities of Excel for data analysis and visualization. Describe how features like pivot tables, charts, and the Data Analysis Toolpak can be used to gain insights from data, referencing specific examples from the source material where applicable.
5. Explain the concept of time series forecasting and the ARIMA model as introduced in the source material. Discuss the key components of time series data and the parameters of the ARIMA model (p, d, q), and the role of ACF and PACF in model selection.

Glossary of Key Terms

• COUNT Function: An Excel function used to count the number of cells within a specified range that contain numerical values.
• COUNTA Function: An Excel function used to count the number of non-empty cells within a specified range, regardless of the data type.
• COUNTIF Function: An Excel function used to count the number of cells within a specified range that meet a specific criterion.
• Date Formatting: The process of changing the way dates are displayed in Excel, including the order of day, month, year, and the use of separators.
• DATEDIF Function: An Excel function that calculates the difference between two dates in specified units like years, months, or days.
• ROUND Function: An Excel function that rounds a number to a specified number of digits.
• Standard Deviation: A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean (also called the expected value) of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.
• Variance: A measure of how far a set of numbers is spread out from their average value. It is calculated as the average of the squared differences from the mean.
• MATCH Function: An Excel function that searches for a specified item in a range of cells and returns the relative position of that item in the range.
• SUMIFS Function: An Excel function that calculates the sum of cells in a range that meet multiple specified criteria.
• Macro: A recorded or programmed sequence of actions in Excel that can automate repetitive tasks.
• Time Series Data: A sequence of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Most commonly, a time series is a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time.
• Trend (Time Series): The long-term movement in a time series, indicating the general direction (upward or downward) of the data over a sustained period.
• Seasonality (Time Series): Regular and predictable fluctuations in a time series that occur within a year, often repeating annually.
• Cyclicity (Time Series): Longer-term fluctuations in a time series that occur over periods longer than a year, often related to economic or business cycles.
• Irregularity/Random Component (Time Series): Unpredictable and short-term fluctuations in a time series that do not follow a regular pattern.
• ARIMA Model: An acronym for AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average, a class of statistical models for analyzing and forecasting time series data.
• Autoregressive (AR) Term: In an ARIMA model, the component that uses the dependency between an observation and a number of lagged observations.
• Integrated (I) Term: In an ARIMA model, the component that represents the number of times the raw observations are differenced to make the time series stationary.
• Moving Average (MA) Term: In an ARIMA model, the component that uses the dependency between an observation and a residual error from a moving average model applied to lagged observations.
• Stationary Data: A time series whose statistical properties such as mean, variance, autocorrelation, etc. are all constant over time.
• Autocorrelation Function (ACF): A function that shows the correlation of a time series with its own past values.
• Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF): A function that shows the correlation of a time series with its own lagged values, controlling for the correlations at intermediate lags.

Briefing Document: Review of Excel Features and Functions

This document provides a detailed review of the main themes and important ideas or facts presented in the provided excerpts from an Excel course. The sources cover a range of fundamental and advanced Excel functionalities, including data manipulation, analysis, visualization, and automation.

1. Basic Functions for Data Aggregation and Analysis:

• COUNT Function: This function is used to count the number of cells within a specified range that contain numbers. It is highlighted as crucial for quickly assessing numerical density in mixed data sets.
• Example: =COUNT(J2:J5) applied to cells containing 7, 89, 0, 100 would return 4.
• Quote: “the count function in Excel is used to specifically count the number of cells that contain numbers in a Range”
• COUNTA Function: Unlike the COUNT function, COUNTA counts the number of non-empty cells in a range. This includes numbers, text, dates, and logical values. It is useful for determining the size of data sets regardless of the data type.
• Difference from COUNT: COUNT only counts numerical values and dates (excluding blanks), while COUNTA counts any non-empty cell, including text.
• Example: =COUNTA(K2:K5) applied to cells containing 56, a blank cell, 98, and 56 would return 3. It would also return 3 if the cells contained “Apple”, a blank cell, “Banana”, and “Orange”.
• Quote: “this count a function in Excel counts the number of cells in a Range that are not empty. […] the count function generally used to count a range of cells containing numbers or dates excluding blank whereas this count a function will count everything including numbers dates text or a range containing a mixture of these items but does not count blank cells”
• COUNTIF Function: This function allows counting cells within a range that meet a specified criteria. This is valuable for conditional counting.
• (Further details on COUNTIF criteria are expected in subsequent parts of the full course.)
• Quote: “this counter function is used to count the number of cells in a Range that meet a specified criteria.”
• (Other basic functions mentioned but not detailed in this excerpt include CONCATENATE, TRIM, MAX, MIN, AVERAGE, IF, and SUM.)

2. Data Formatting:

• Date Formatting: Excel offers flexibility in how dates are displayed. Users can change the format by selecting cells, right-clicking, choosing “Format Cells,” and navigating to the “Date” category or using “Custom” formatting.
• Location-based formatting: Dates can be displayed according to different regional conventions (e.g., US format: YYYY-MM-DD, India format: DD-MM-YYYY).
• Custom formatting: Users can specify which parts of the date to display (e.g., only month and year: “MMMM YYYY”).
• Inclusion of time: Date formats can also include time, down to seconds or milliseconds.
• Examples: Switching from DD-MM-YYYY to MM-DD-YYYY by selecting “English (United States)”. Displaying only month and year by using a custom format like “MMMM YY”. Displaying date and time including seconds using a format like “DD-MM-YYYY HH:MM:SS”.
• Quote: “you might want to also change your dates based on the location so right now we are in India and imagine if you wanted to you know change something based on us or if you if you’re having your client in us and he wants the dates in US format it you can also change that […] you might want to also change your dates based on the location”

3. Calculating Age from Date of Birth:

• DATEDIF Function (or DATE DIFF): This function is used to calculate the difference between two dates in various units (years, months, days).
• Syntax: =DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)
• Units: “Y” for years, “M” for months, “D” for days.
• Example: =DATEDIF(“2010/01/05”, “2022/01/01”, “Y”) would return the difference in years.
• Quote: “all you have to use is the dated IF function or if you also call it as date diff function based on your choice”

4. Rounding Numbers:

• ROUND Function: This function rounds a number to a specified number of digits.
• Syntax: =ROUND(number, num_digits)
• num_digits: Specifies the number of digits to which the number should be rounded. Positive for decimal places, zero for the nearest integer, negative for rounding to the left of the decimal point.
• Example (implicitly using ROUNDUP): =ROUNDUP(M3, 1) applied to 80.66 would round up to 80.7.
• Quote: “to actually perform the roundoff uh formula we do have a pre method for that for that you just have to type in equals to round and there you go we have round up and round down so both of them perform the same operation” (Note: The example uses ROUNDUP, but the general concept of rounding is introduced)

5. Understanding and Calculating Standard Deviation and Variance:

• Standard Deviation: Defined as the calculated square root of variance. It measures the dispersion or spread of data points around the mean. A higher standard deviation indicates greater variability.
• Prerequisites for manual calculation: Mean, variance, deviation (difference between observed value and expected/mean value), and squared deviation.

1. Steps for manual calculation:Calculate the mean of the data set.
2. Calculate the deviation of each data point from the mean.
3. Square each deviation.
4. Calculate the variance (sum of squared deviations divided by the total number of values minus 1 for sample standard deviation).
5. Calculate the standard deviation (square root of the variance).

• Excel Function: Excel has built-in functions to directly calculate standard deviation (e.g., STDEV.S for sample, STDEV.P for population).
• Quote: “standard deviation is a calculated square of variance”
• Variance: A measure of variability, calculated as the average of the squared deviations from the mean. It indicates how far data points are spread out from the average, in squared units.
• Quote: “variance is a measure of variability it is calculated by taking the average of squared deviation from the mean”
• Deviation: The difference between an observed value and the expected value (often the mean). It represents the distance from the center point.
• Quote: “the deviation is a measure that is used to find the difference between the observed value and the expected value of a variable in simple terms deviation is the distance from the center point”

6. Using the MATCH Function:

• Purpose: The MATCH function is used to find the position (index) of a specified item within a range of cells.
• Syntax: =MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])
• lookup_value: The value you want to find.
• lookup_array: The range where you want to search.
• match_type: (Optional) 0 for exact match, 1 for less than, -1 for greater than.
• Example: =MATCH(“Marketing”, A2:A11, 0) would return 4 if “Marketing” is the fourth item in the range A2:A11.
• Use Case: Helpful for quickly identifying the position of a specific element in a list.
• Quote: “our main idea is to find out the index of these particular elements for example if you wanted to find the index of the element marketing then how could you do it so here let’s try to use the match function in Excel”

7. Creating Custom Functions with Macros (VBA):

• Purpose: Macros allow users to automate tasks and create custom functions in Excel using VBA (Visual Basic for Applications).
• Example: COUNT COLORED CELLS: The excerpt describes a macro function called count colored cells designed to count the number of manually colored cells within a specified range that match the interior color of a selected “current cell.”
• Logic: The macro iterates through each cell in the given range. It compares the interior color of each cell to the interior color of the “current cell.” If the colors match, a counter variable is incremented.
• Usage: =countcoloredcells(current_cell, cell_range)
• Limitation: This specific macro works only for manually colored cells and will not recognize colors applied through conditional formatting.
• Quote: “this particular macro will work only for manually colored cells so there are situations where we have used conditional formatting to color a single cell […] if we try to use that particular green color to be counted by the color count sales function no it will not happen”

8. Identifying and Removing Duplicate Rows:

• Excel Functionality (implied): While not explicitly detailing the steps, the excerpt mentions the possibility of duplicate rows in a student database and implies that Excel has methods to identify and remove them.
• (Standard Excel features for this include “Remove Duplicates” under the “Data” tab, which allows users to select specific columns to consider when identifying duplicates.)
• Quote: “there might be possibilities about the duplication of class because all the students all the 10 students are in same class so there might be a duplication but we are not looking for such kind of duplications right we are looking for the duplication of the entire row”

9. Using the SUMIFS Function for Conditional Summation:

• Purpose: SUMIFS allows summing values in a range based on multiple criteria.
• Syntax: =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …)
• sum_range: The range of cells to sum.
• criteria_range(n): The range of cells to evaluate the criteria against.
• criteria(n): The condition that must be met.
• Prerequisite: Converting the data range into an Excel Table using Ctrl+T is recommended for easier referencing of columns.
• Example: =SUMIFS(Table1[Sales], Table1[Region], “West”) would sum the values in the “Sales” column of “Table1” where the corresponding value in the “Region” column is “West”.
• Multiple Criteria: SUMIFS can accommodate multiple conditions. For example, to find the sales of “Furniture” in the “West” region: =SUMIFS(Table1[Sales], Table1[Region], “West”, Table1[Category], “Furniture”).
• Quote: “it will basically add a condition calculate the sum of sales where the region is equals to West simple to like or similar to seal query right so that is exactly what we’re going to do in Excel today that is using summs”

10. Introduction to Microsoft Copilot in Excel:

• Functionality: Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered tool integrated into Excel designed to assist with data analysis and report creation.
• Capabilities (based on the excerpt):Generating regional or country-wise sales reports based on text commands.
• Identifying the day of the week an order was placed.
• Potentially identifying customers with the highest sales (although an error occurred in the example).
• Usage: Users can input natural language commands to Copilot to request specific analyses or reports.
• Limitations (as observed): May experience issues with data type recognition (e.g., needing to explicitly format a column as “Text”). Can be slower compared to other AI modules. May encounter errors in certain data processing tasks (e.g., extracting text content from uploaded files).
• Quote: “please help me create a regional wise sales report with this data set and can also give a few more commands right so it’s loaded right now you can see the icon here now you can write down give me country wise sales report and just fire the command”

11. Power Query for Data Transformation:

• Purpose: Power Query (Get & Transform Data) is a powerful tool in Excel for importing, cleaning, and transforming data from various sources.
• Data Sources: Can import data from Excel files, XML, JSON, PDF, cloud services, SQL databases, and more.

1. Workflow:Connect to Data Source: Select the data source (e.g., “From Folder”).
2. Transform Data: Open the Power Query Editor to perform transformations such as:

• Removing columns.
• Changing data types.
• Splitting columns by delimiters.
• Renaming columns.
• Performing calculations (e.g., calculating profit by subtracting cost from revenue).

1. Load Data: Load the transformed data into an Excel worksheet or the Data Model.

• Example Transformations: Changing the data type of “Order Date” and “Delivery Date” to Date format. Splitting a “Customer ID and Name” column into two separate columns using a space as a delimiter.
• Quote: “Power Query window will shortly open now with the power query window opened you can select the orders 2022 Excel folder and it will be loaded now let’s try to cck click on the content button over here which should load our data”

12. Understanding Time Series Data and Forecasting:

• Definition: Time series data is a sequence of data points recorded at specific and fixed time intervals. It is time-dependent, and analysis often involves forecasting future values based on past trends.
• Graphical Representation: Time series data is typically visualized as a line graph with time on the x-axis and the measured variable on the y-axis.
• Quote: “time series data is basically a sequence of data that is recorded over a specific intervals of time”
• Components of Time Series Data:
• Trend: The overall long-term direction of the data (increasing, decreasing, or stable).
• Seasonality: Periodic fluctuations in the data that occur at regular intervals (e.g., annually, monthly, weekly).
• Cyclicity: Longer-term fluctuations that are not strictly periodic (e.g., business cycles, recessions). The duration between cycles is typically longer and less fixed than seasonality.
• Irregularity (Random Component): Random, unpredictable variations in the data that cannot be attributed to trend, seasonality, or cyclicity.
• Quote: “Time series data consists of primarily four components one is the trend then we have the seasonality then cyclicity and then last but not least regularity or the random component”
• Stationary vs. Non-Stationary Data:
• Stationary Data: Data whose statistical properties (mean, variance) remain constant over time. Many time series models assume stationarity.
• Non-Stationary Data: Data exhibiting trends or seasonality, where statistical properties change over time. Transformations (e.g., differencing) are often needed to make non-stationary data stationary before modeling.
• Quote: “if you have taken the raw data this is how it would look and uh what do you think it is is it stationary no right because there is a trend upward Trend so this is not a stationary data”
• Moving Average Method: A simple forecasting technique that smooths out fluctuations in the data by calculating the average of a fixed number of preceding data points.
• Centered Moving Average: A moving average where the average is associated with the midpoint of the time period, further smoothing the data.
• Quote: “we will just go ahead and uh manually do the forecasting using what is known as moving average method”
• Multiplicative Model: A time series model where the components (seasonality, trend, irregularity) are multiplied together to represent the data.
• Formula (simplified for prediction): Predicted Value = Seasonality × Trend × Irregularity
• ARIMA Model for Time Series Forecasting (Introduction):
• Acronym: Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average.
• Parameters: Specified by three parameters (p, d, q):
• p (Autoregressive): Number of lagged values of the dependent variable used in the model. The current value is regressed on its own past values.
• d (Integrated): Number of times the data needs to be differenced to become stationary.
• q (Moving Average): Number of lagged forecast errors used in the model.
• Assumption: ARIMA models typically assume that the time series data is stationary.
• Quote: “we will be using the arima model to do the forecast of uh this time series data so let us try to understand what is arima model so arima is actually an acronym it stands for autor regressive integrated moving average”
• Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF): Tools used to analyze the correlation between a time series and its lagged values, helping to determine the parameters (p and q) of an ARIMA model.
• Autocorrelation: The correlation between values of the same variable at different time points.
• Partial Autocorrelation: The correlation between a time series and its lagged values, after removing the effects of the intermediate lags.
• Quote: “in order to test whether the data is stationary or not there are two important components that are considered one is the autocorrelation function and other is the partial autocorrelation function so this is referred to as ACF and pacf”
• Forecasting in R using ARIMA (Brief Introduction): The excerpt briefly mentions using the forecast package in R to implement ARIMA models for forecasting. It highlights the auto.arima function, which automatically selects the optimal parameters (p, d, q) for the ARIMA model based on information criteria like AIC (Akaike Information Criterion). Model diagnostics and validation using tests like the Ljung-Box test are also mentioned.

13. Creating Dashboards in Excel:

• Definition: A visual interface that provides an overview of key performance indicators (KPIs) and relevant data using charts and graphs to facilitate quick understanding and decision-making.
• Types: Strategic, analytical, and operational dashboards.
• Advantages: Quick detection of outliers and correlations, comprehensive data visualization, and time-saving compared to running multiple reports.
• Demo using Sample Sales Data (overview): The excerpt introduces the intention to create dashboards using a sample sales dataset, implying the use of charts and potentially PivotTables to visualize sales performance by various dimensions (e.g., region).
• Quote: “a dashboard is a visual interface that provides an overview of key measures relevant to a particular objective with the help of charts and graphs”

14. Descriptive Statistics using Excel’s Data Analysis Toolpak:

• Accessing the Toolpak: Requires enabling the “Analysis Toolpak” add-in (File > Options > Add-ins > Excel Add-ins > Go…).
• Descriptive Statistics Feature: Under the “Data” tab, the “Data Analysis” option appears after enabling the toolpak, providing access to various statistical analysis tools, including “Descriptive Statistics.”
• Output: The “Descriptive Statistics” tool generates a table summarizing key statistical measures for selected data ranges, including:
• Mean: Average of all data values.
• Standard Error: Measure of the variability of sample means.
• Median: Middle value in a sorted data set.
• Mode: Most frequently occurring value.
• Standard Deviation: Measure of the spread of data.
• Sample Variance: Square of the standard deviation.
• Kurtosis: Measure of the “tailedness” of the distribution.
• Skewness: Measure of the asymmetry of the distribution.
• Range: Difference between the maximum and minimum values.
• Minimum: Smallest value.
• Maximum: Largest value.
• Sum: Total of all values.
• Count: Number of data points.
• Usage: Select the input range, specify the output options (e.g., new worksheet), and check the “Summary statistics” box to generate the descriptive statistics table.
• Quote: “moving on the first value we got is the mean basically it is the average of all the data values […] moving on we have the second one which is standard error it is nothing but the measure of the variability of sample means”

15. Using Chat GPT for Excel Tasks:

• Capabilities Demonstrated:Identifying and Removing Duplicates: Can analyze an Excel spreadsheet and identify duplicate rows based on specified columns. Can provide options for handling duplicates (e.g., keeping the first or last occurrence).
• Data Cleaning: Can find and remove extra spaces in cells. Can treat blank cells by filling them with placeholder values.
• Data Analysis and Visualization: Can create PivotTables and corresponding charts (e.g., bar charts) to analyze data, such as sales performance by region. Can guide users through the process.
• Advanced Analysis and Automation (Forecasting): Can assist in building forecasting models based on historical data, including steps like data preparation, model selection (e.g., ARIMA/SARIMA implied), and model evaluation. Can provide insights into time series characteristics (trend, seasonality) and perform statistical tests (e.g., ADF test for stationarity).
• Interaction: Users interact with Chat GPT through text prompts, providing the Excel file and specifying the desired tasks.
• Limitations Observed: May encounter errors during analysis or visualization (e.g., character encoding issues, plotting forecast confidence intervals).
• Overall Value: Chat GPT can be a valuable tool for Excel users, assisting with various data-related tasks, enhancing productivity, and helping uncover insights.
• Quote: “can you help me identify and remove duplicates duplicates from this Excel spreadsheet from the provided Excel spreadsheet […] please create a pivot table and a corresponding chart to analyze sales performance by region […] can you assist me in building a forecasting model to predict future sales based on historical data”

16. Introduction to Pivot Tables and Charts:

• Pivot Tables: Powerful tools for summarizing and analyzing large amounts of data. Allow users to rearrange and aggregate data based on different fields, enabling multi-dimensional analysis.
• Pivot Charts: Visual representations of PivotTable data, providing interactive ways to explore trends and patterns.
• Creating Basic Charts (Line Chart Example): The excerpt demonstrates creating a line chart to visualize month-on-month sales data. The steps involve selecting the date and sales data, going to the “Insert” tab, and choosing a line chart.
• Creating Pivot Tables (Steps): Highlight the data range (including headers), go to the “Insert” tab, select “PivotTable,” confirm the data range and location for the PivotTable. Drag fields to the “Rows,” “Columns,” “Values,” and “Filters” areas to structure the analysis.
• Grouping Dates in Pivot Tables: Excel can automatically group dates in a PivotTable by year, quarter, month, etc., facilitating time-based analysis.
• Creating Pivot Charts from Pivot Tables: Select any cell within the PivotTable, go to the “PivotTable Analyze” tab (or “PivotTable Options” in older versions), and select “PivotChart” to choose a chart type.
• Customizing Charts: Chart elements (legends, titles, axes labels) can be edited and customized for better presentation. Chart types can be changed after creation.
• Quote: “please create a pivot table and a corresponding chart to analyze sales performance by region […] so what’s the first step highlight the range of cells that contain your data set and including headers and go back to Excel and you can just click on any cell and control a all your T set has been selected or these days you can just select one of the cells and go to insert menu and pivot table”

17. Integration of Python in Excel:

• Python Mode in Excel: Allows users to execute Python code directly within Excel worksheets.
• Accessing Python: By typing =PY in a cell and pressing Tab, users can enter Python mode.
• DataFrames: Python in Excel utilizes the Pandas library, with data from Excel ranges being represented as Pandas DataFrames.
• Referencing Excel Ranges in Python: Excel ranges can be referenced within Python code (e.g., referencing a cell containing a data range).
• Python Output in Excel: The results of Python computations can be displayed directly in Excel cells, either as Python objects (DataFrames) or converted to Excel values.
• Basic Python Data Analysis in Excel (Examples):.describe(): Provides descriptive statistics for a DataFrame or a specific column.
• .sum(): Calculates the sum of values in a column.
• .mean(): Calculates the average of values in a column.
• .groupby(): Groups data based on specified columns, enabling aggregated calculations (e.g., sum of sales per date or per month).
• .plot(): Creates basic charts (e.g., line charts) within Excel.
• Benefits: Leverages the power of Python’s data analysis libraries (Pandas) within the familiar Excel environment. Enables more complex data manipulation and analysis than standard Excel functions alone.
• Quote: “you can see over this section that it is written the data range I mean the sales range and headers is equal to true as we have headers over here now press enter now you can see that it didn’t happen anything only it went to the next line for me to run this we need to press control plus enter Control Plus enter and see what we got we got a data frame over here”

18. Formulas vs. Functions in Excel:

• Formula: An expression that you write in a cell that performs calculations or other actions on the data in your worksheet. It always starts with an equals sign (=) and can contain cell references, constants, operators, and functions.
• Function: A predefined formula that performs specific calculations in a particular order using specified values (arguments). Excel has a vast library of built-in functions (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, VLOOKUP).
• Key Difference: Formulas are user-defined calculations, while functions are built-in, ready-to-use calculation tools. Formulas often use functions as part of their logic.
• Quote: “a formula is an expression that calculates the value of a cell. Formulas can perform simple calculations such as addition and subtraction as well as more complex operations using functions. A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a particular order or structure”

19. Order of Operations in Excel (PEMDAS/PEDMAS):

• Acronyms: PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction) or PEDMAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Division and Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction). The order for multiplication and division (and addition and subtraction) is from left to right.
• Excel’s Evaluation Order: Excel evaluates formulas based on this order:

1. Parentheses ()
2. Exponents ^
3. Multiplication * and Division / (from left to right)
4. Addition + and Subtraction – (from left to right)

• Importance: Understanding the order of operations is crucial for writing correct formulas that produce the intended results. Using parentheses can override the default order.
• Example: =A1*10+5/2 will be evaluated as (A1*10) + (5/2). To force addition first, use =(A1+5)*10/2.
• Quote: “the Order of Operations is first it will calculate what is there in the parenthesis it will perform this function and then it will see if there are any exponents in it and if it is there it will do that calculation the next and after that it will see if there is any multiplication or division […] and then it will see there is any addition […] and then the last one will be the substraction”

20. Key Text Manipulation Functions:

• CONCATENATE (or & operator): Combines text from multiple cells into one cell.
• Syntax: =CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], …) or text1&text2&…
• Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, ” “, B1) or =A1&” “&B1 would combine the text in cell A1, a space, and the text in cell B1.
• Quote: “the concatenate function is used to join two or more text strings together into one string. The syntax is very simple equals concatenate open parenthesis and then you specify the text strings that you want to join separated by commas close the parenthesis and you will get it all merged in one particular cell”
• Text to Columns: A feature used to split a single column of text into multiple columns based on a delimiter (e.g., space, comma, tab) or a fixed width.
• Steps: Select the column to split, go to the “Data” tab, choose “Text to Columns,” select the delimiter type, specify the delimiter, preview the result, and choose the destination for the split data.
• Use Case: Useful for separating first and last names from a full name column, or splitting addresses into separate components.
• Quote: “you need to select that particular cell and then go to the data Tab and then choose text to columns there will be an option where in you need to select text to columns”

21. VLOOKUP Function (Introduction):

• Purpose: VLOOKUP (Vertical Lookup) is used to find and retrieve data from a specific column in a table based on a lookup value in another column (the first column of the table).
• (Detailed explanation of VLOOKUP syntax and usage is expected in subsequent parts of the full course.)
• Quote: “vlookup function is used for looking up a piece of information in a table and extracting some corresponding data or”

22. Report Formats in Excel:

• Available Formats: When creating reports (often using PivotTables), Excel offers different layout formats for displaying the data:
• Compact Form: Displays all row labels in one column, using indentation to show hierarchy. Saves horizontal space.
• Outline Form: Displays each level of row labels in its own column. Can repeat item labels.
• Table Form: Similar to Outline Form but does not indent subordinate items. Each field is in its own column.
• Choosing a Format: The best format depends on the data structure and the desired readability of the report.
• Quote: “Excel is basically used for reporting mainly used for reporting to management you have to extract different kinds of reports and what are the report formats that are available in Excel this is one of the uh important questions again uh for a beginner level and there are three formats basically compact form outline form table form”

23. Conditional Logic with IF and SUMIF Functions:

• IF Function (Detailed): Performs a logical test and returns one value if the test is TRUE and another value if the test is FALSE.
• Syntax: =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
• Logical Test: Any expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE (e.g., A1>10, B2=”Yes”).
• Nesting IF Functions: Multiple IF functions can be nested within each other to handle more than two possible outcomes.
• Example: =IF(A1>20, IF(B1>40000, “Valid”, “Invalid Salary”), “Invalid Age”) (as interpreted from the description).
• Quote: “the F function in Excel it actually performs a logical test and you will give a condition it performs the test and returns a value if the test evaluates to true and another value which you again will specify if the test result is false”
• SUMIF Function (Detailed): Sums the values in a range that meet a specified criterion.
• Syntax: =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
• range: The range of cells to evaluate the criteria against.
• criteria: The condition that determines which cells in the range will be summed.
• sum_range: (Optional) The range of cells to actually sum. If omitted, the cells in the range that meet the criteria are summed.
• Example: =SUMIF(G2:G6, “>75000”, G2:G6) would sum the salaries in the range G2:G6 that are greater than 75,000.
• Quote: “the sum IF function okay again the sum function adds the cell value specified by a given condition or a criteria so you are giving a condition and you are actually doing another function which is performing the addition”

24. COUNTIF Function (Example):

• Usage Example (implied): Finding the number of days where the number of deaths in Italy was greater than 200, using a COUNTIF function on a column containing death counts.
• Syntax: =COUNTIF(range, criteria)
• Example (hypothetical): If column G contains the number of deaths in Italy, =COUNTIF(G2:G100, “>200”) would count the number of cells in that range where the value is greater than 200.
• Quote: “we will try to find the function so we’ll use the count function and count function is again simple count if you are specifying the column that is the uh source that you’re looking for that is G2 the column G and it is two it starts from two row two” (Incomplete sentence, but implies the use of COUNTIF with a range and criteria)

25. Data Validation:

• Purpose: Used to control the type of data that can be entered into a cell, helping to prevent errors and ensure data accuracy.
• Accessing Data Validation: Select the cells where you want to apply validation, go to the “Data” tab, and click on “Data Validation.”
• Validation Criteria: Various criteria can be set, such as:
• Whole number
• Decimal
• List
• Date
• Time
• Text length
• Custom formula
• Error Alerts: Custom error messages can be displayed when invalid data is entered.
• Input Messages: Helpful messages can be shown to guide users on the expected data.
• Example: Setting data validation for a cell to only allow whole numbers between 1 and 10. If a user tries to enter text or a number outside this range, an error alert will appear.
• Quote: “Data validation is one of the very important features in Excel which is used to restrict the type of data or the values that users enter into a cell. To apply it you need to select the cells where you want to apply the data validation go to the data tab and click on data validation”

26. Applying Conditional Logic (IF and AND):

• Combining IF and AND: The AND function can be used within the logical test of an IF function to check if multiple conditions are all TRUE.
• Syntax: =IF(AND(condition1, condition2, …), value_if_true, value_if_false)
• Example (Student Pass/Fail): To determine if a student passes based on marks greater than 60 AND attendance greater than 75%: =IF(AND(U5>60, V5>75), “Pass”, “Fail”).
• Quote: “you have to use the IF function and check with the and condition to fill the results column […] we are checking the conditions here and the marks should be in row I mean the column U and it starts with u5 so let’s see u5 okay it will immediately go to column U and five row five okay and then what is the condition we are satisfying here it should be greater than 60 okay and the other condition is uh the column V that is the attendance column okay and what is the condition we are specifying V 5 should be greater than 75”

27. Calculating Age Using YEARFRAC and DATEDIF:

• YEARFRAC Function: Returns the fraction of the year represented by the number of whole days between a start date and an end date. Can be used to calculate age as a decimal.
• Syntax: =YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date, [basis])
• basis: (Optional) Specifies the day count basis to use (e.g., actual/actual, 30/360).
• DATEDIF Function (revisited for age): As mentioned earlier, can calculate the difference in whole years.
• Example (YEARFRAC for age): =YEARFRAC(birth_date, today())
• Example (DATEDIF for age): =DATEDIF(birth_date, today(), “Y”)
• Quote: “use the ear fraction or dated IF function to return the number of whole days between start date and the end date […] here is a small example and this is how we use the ear Frack function”

28. Nested IF Statements (Detailed):

• Purpose: To test multiple conditions and return different values based on which condition is met.
• Logic: One IF function is placed inside another IF function’s value_if_false argument (or sometimes value_if_true).
• Example (Excellent/Bad/Average): =IF(B2>80, “Excellent”, IF(B2<=60, “Bad”, “Average”)). This formula first checks if the value in B2 is greater than 80. If TRUE, it returns “Excellent.” If FALSE, it proceeds to the nested IF function, which checks if B2 is less than or equal to 60. If TRUE, it returns “Bad”; otherwise, it returns “Average.”
• Quote: “the IF function can be nested I mean it can be Loop when we have multiple conditions to meet okay it can be nested the false value is replaced by another if function”

29. Descriptive Statistics Using Data Analysis Toolpak (Recap and Steps):

1. Steps:Enable the Analysis Toolpak (File > Options > Add-ins > Go > Analysis Toolpak > OK).
2. Go to the “Data” tab and click “Data Analysis.”
3. Select “Descriptive Statistics” and click “OK.”
4. Specify the “Input Range” (the data you want to analyze).
5. Specify the “Output Options” (e.g., a new worksheet).
6. Check the box for “Summary statistics.”
7. Click “OK.”

• Output Interpretation: The generated table provides key statistical measures like mean, median, standard deviation, etc., helping to understand the central tendency and dispersion of the data.
• Quote: “to analyze the data so we might come across a question and you will be given a data or a table and you need to find the descriptive statistics of the columns using data analysis tool […] how you do that is you have to add a pack okay okay you should be knowing that you need to add a pack which is called the analysis tool pack which you go to uh file options and then just click on the addin and select the analysis tool pack click uh Excel addin and just click go then it will add the option and then when you select the data you have to go to the click on the data analysis option”

30. Calculated Fields in Pivot Tables:

• Purpose: Allow users to create new fields in a PivotTable based on calculations involving existing fields. This enables analysis of data that isn’t directly present in the original source.
• Accessing Calculated Fields: Select any cell in the PivotTable, go to the “PivotTable Analyze” tab (or “Options” in older versions), click on “Fields, Items, & Sets,” and choose “Calculated Field.”
• Formula Creation: A dialog box opens where you can enter a name for the new field and create a formula using the existing PivotTable fields and standard Excel operators.
• Example (Bonus Calculation): Creating a “Bonus” field based on “Sales” and “Unit Sold” with a condition (e.g., if Unit Sold > 1000, Bonus = Sales * 5%, else Bonus = Sales * 2%). The formula might involve an IF function within the calculated field definition.
• Quote: “Allow you to perform calculations on the data in your pivot table. These calculations can involve other fields in the pivot table and help you derive new insights from your data. To add a calculated field you need to go to the pivot table analyze tab click on fields items and sets and select calculated field”

31. Slicers for Pivot Table Filtering:

• Purpose: Visual filters that provide an easy and interactive way to filter the data displayed in a PivotTable.
• Inserting Slicers: Select any cell in the PivotTable, go to the “PivotTable Analyze” tab (or “Options” in older versions), and click “Insert Slicer.” In the dialog box, check the fields you want to create slicers for.
• Usage: Clicking on items within a slicer filters the PivotTable to show only the data related to those selected items. Multiple items can be selected (often using Ctrl or Shift keys). Multiple slicers can be used simultaneously for multi-dimensional filtering.
• Example: Adding slicers for “Month” and “Country” to a PivotTable. Clicking “Feb” in the “Month” slicer and “USA” in the “Country” slicer would filter the PivotTable to show data only for February in the USA.
• Quote: “Slicers are used to further filter data in the pivot table suppose you already have some data and it’s for ease that you can do it by just adding a slicer you can select particular uh data in or a field and you can see the output for that particular field that you have chosen in the slicer […] go to the insert Tab and select slicer under filters”

32. What-If Analysis Tools (Goal Seek, Scenario Manager, Data Table):

• Purpose: Allow users to explore how changes to certain input values in a formula affect the output. Useful for sensitivity analysis and planning.
• Accessing What-If Analysis: Located under the “Data” tab, in the “Forecast” group, click the “What-If Analysis” dropdown.
• Goal Seek: Allows you to find the input value needed for a formula to reach a specific target output value. Useful for answering “What input value do I need to achieve this result?” questions.
• Parameters: Set cell (the formula cell), To value (the target output), By changing cell (the input cell to adjust).
• Example: Finding out what interest rate is needed to achieve a specific monthly payment on a loan.
• Quote: “Goal seek is a feature in Excel that allows you to adjust the value of one input cell in a formula to find the value needed to achieve a desired result in another cell which is the output cell. It’s particularly useful when you know the outcome you want but are unsure what input value is required to get there”
• Scenario Manager: Allows you to define and save different sets of input values (scenarios) and see their impact on the formulas in your worksheet. More advanced than Goal Seek as it can handle multiple changing variables simultaneously. Provides a summary report of the different scenarios and their results.
• Usage: Define different scenarios with varying input values, and the Scenario Manager will show the resulting output for each scenario.
• Example: Analyzing the impact of different sales growth rates and expense levels on the company’s profit.
• Quote: “the scenario manager it is a bit more complicated compared to the other two but then it is uh more advanced than goal seek as it allows you the uh to adjust the multiple variables at the same time”
• Data Table: Allows you to see how one or two variables in a formula change the results of that formula. Creates a table of outcomes based on different possible input values.
• Types: One-variable data table (examines the effect of one input variable on one or more formulas) and two-variable data table (examines the effect of two input variables on one formula).
• Example (One-Variable): Calculating the monthly payment for a loan at different interest rates.
• Example (Two-Variable): Calculating the total revenue based on different price points and sales volumes.
• Quote: “data table is another what if analysis tool that allows you to see how changing one or two variables in your formula will affect the results of that formula it’s a way to automate multiple what if questions and display the answers in a table”

33. Functions vs. Subroutines in VBA:

• Function (VBA): A block of VBA code that performs a specific task and returns a value. Can be called from other VBA code or directly used in worksheet formulas (if written as a user-defined function – UDF).
• Called by: A variable or directly in a formula.
• Purpose: To perform calculations and return a result.
• Example: A VBA function to calculate the area of a rectangle given its length and width, returning the calculated area.
• Quote: “a function always returns a value of the task it is performing […] functions are called by a variable […] functions are used directly in spreadsheet as formulas”
• Subroutine (Sub) (VBA): A block of VBA code that performs a specific task but does not directly return a value. Subroutines perform actions, such as manipulating worksheet data, displaying messages, or controlling application behavior.
• Called by: Name from other VBA code, by triggering events (e.g., clicking a button), or through the Macro dialog box.
• Purpose: To automate tasks and perform actions.
• Example: A VBA subroutine that formats a selected range of cells with a specific font and color.
• Quote: “sub routine it does not return a value of the task it is performing […] sub routines can be recalled from anywhere in the program in multiple types […] Subs cannot be used directly in spreadsheets as formula”

This briefing document summarizes the key concepts and functionalities of Excel covered in the provided excerpts. It highlights the importance of understanding basic functions, data manipulation techniques, data analysis tools, visualization options, and the potential of advanced features like macros, Power Query, and integration with AI tools and programming languages like Python. The distinction between formulas and functions, the order of operations, and the difference between VBA functions and subroutines are also crucial for effective Excel usage.

Frequently Asked Questions about Excel Based on the Provided Sources

1. What is the COUNT function in Excel used for? The COUNT function in Excel is specifically used to count the number of cells within a selected range that contain numerical values (numbers). It is helpful for quickly assessing the density of numbers in a dataset, particularly when the data includes a mix of different types like text and numbers. The function ignores blank cells and cells containing text or other non-numeric data types. For example, =COUNT(J2:J5) would count how many cells in the range J2 to J5 contain numbers.
2. How does the COUNTA function differ from the COUNT function? While the COUNT function only counts cells containing numbers, the COUNTA function counts all non-empty cells in a specified range. This includes cells with numbers, text, dates, logical values, and even cells containing formulas that result in any of these types of data. Importantly, like the COUNT function, COUNTA does not count blank cells. For instance, =COUNTA(K2:K5) would count all cells in the range K2 to K5 that are not blank, regardless of their content (number, text, date, etc.).
3. What is the purpose of the COUNTIF function in Excel? The COUNTIF function in Excel is used to count the number of cells within a given range that meet a specific criterion or condition. This function is valuable for analyzing data based on certain requirements. For example, you could use COUNTIF to count how many times a specific product appears in a list or how many sales figures are above a certain value. The syntax for COUNTIF involves specifying the range to be checked and the criteria to be met.
4. How can you change the format of dates in Excel? Excel offers several ways to change the format in which dates are displayed. One common method is to select the cells containing the dates, right-click, and choose “Format Cells.” In the “Format Cells” dialog box, under the “Number” tab, you can select “Date” from the category list. This will present you with various built-in date formats that you can choose from. Additionally, you can customize date formats by selecting “Custom” and using format codes (like YYYY for year, MM for month, DD for day) to arrange the date components as desired. You can also change the regional settings (e.g., from India to United States) to automatically apply the date format conventions of that region.
5. How can you calculate age from a date of birth in Excel? To calculate the age in years from a date of birth, you can use the DATEDIF function (or sometimes referred to as DATE DIFF). This function calculates the difference between two dates based on a specified interval (like years, months, or days). The basic syntax is =DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit). For calculating age in years, the start_date would be the date of birth, the end_date would typically be today’s date (which can be entered using the TODAY() function), and the unit would be “Y” for years. For example, if the date of birth is in cell A2, the formula might look like =DATEDIF(A2, TODAY(), “Y”).
6. What is standard deviation and how is it calculated in Excel? Standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the amount of dispersion or spread of a set of data values around their mean (average). A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the data points are more spread out. In Excel, you can calculate the standard deviation of a sample using the STDEV.S function or the standard deviation of an entire population using the STDEV.P function. Both functions take a range of numerical values as their argument. For example, =STDEV.S(A1:A10) would calculate the sample standard deviation of the values in cells A1 through A10. The calculation of standard deviation conceptually involves finding the variance (the average of the squared differences from the mean) and then taking the square root of the variance.
7. What is the SUMIFS function in Excel and how is it used? The SUMIFS function in Excel is used to calculate the sum of values in a range that meet multiple specified criteria. It allows you to apply more than one condition to determine which cells should be included in the sum. The syntax for SUMIFS is =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …). The sum_range is the range containing the values to be summed. Each subsequent pair of criteria_range and criteria defines a condition. For example, to find the total sales in the “West” region, you might use a formula like =SUMIFS(Sales_Column, Region_Column, “West”), assuming you have columns named “Sales_Column” and “Region_Column”. You can add more criteria by specifying additional criteria_range and criteria pairs. It’s often beneficial to format your data as a table in Excel before using SUMIFS for easier column referencing.
8. What is Microsoft Copilot for Excel and what kind of tasks can it help with? Microsoft Copilot for Excel is an AI-powered tool designed to assist users with various Excel-related tasks. It can help with data analysis by generating regional-wise sales reports or country-wise sales reports based on a given dataset. Copilot can also assist in data transformation, such as identifying the day of the week for order placement based on an order date column or finding the customer with the highest sales record. Furthermore, it can aid in building forecasting models to predict future sales based on historical data. While noted as being potentially slower than other AI tools, Copilot aims to streamline workflows and provide insights directly within the Excel environment by understanding user commands and data patterns.

Microsoft Excel Basics and Fundamentals

Based on the source “003-Excel_Full_Course_2025___Excel-03-24-2025.pdf”, let’s discuss Microsoft Excel basics:

What is Microsoft Excel? Microsoft Excel is a software product developed by Microsoft that is more than just a spreadsheet; it’s a powerful tool for turning data into insights that drive smarter business decisions. It is designed for storing data in an organized way using rows and columns. Excel is also capable of manipulating data through mathematical operations and can be used to extract insights from data and represent them visually using graphs and charts. In 2025, Excel is considered an essential skill in every data-driven industry.

Fundamentals of Microsoft Excel: When you start Microsoft Excel, you will first see the Microsoft Excel homepage. This page offers various suggestions based on the type of sheet you want to work with, including blank workbooks and templates for various purposes like business, personal use, planners, trackers, lists, budgets, and charts.

Once you open a sheet, you will encounter several key interface elements:

• Toolbar Menu: Located at the top, this menu includes options like File, Home, Insert, Draw, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, View, and Help. These tools are used to work on your data.
• Toolbar Ribbon: When you select an option from the toolbar menu, a ribbon appears below it. This ribbon contains various options and functionalities specific to the selected tool. For example, selecting the “Home” tool displays a ribbon with options for clipboard functions (Paste, Cut, Copy, Format Painter), font manipulation (font type, size, bold, italic, underline), and text alignment. Each tool in the toolbar menu (Insert, Draw, etc.) has its own unique ribbon.
• Toolbar Groups: The toolbar ribbon is further segmented into groups, where each group contains a set of related functions. For instance, the “Home” ribbon has groups like “Clipboard,” “Font,” and “Alignment,” each with specific operations. Some toolbar groups have a small arrow icon in the corner, which, when clicked, opens a dialogue box with more options that couldn’t fit in the main group section.
• Cell and Address: An Excel sheet is made up of boxes called cells. Each cell has its own unique address, which is a combination of its column letter and row number. For example, a highlighted cell might have the address “B3,” where “B” is the column name and “3” is the row number. The cell address is displayed in a designated area of the Excel interface.
• Sheet Tracker: Located in the bottom left corner of the Excel sheet, the sheet tracker allows you to navigate through different sheets within the same Excel file (workbook). You can add new sheets by clicking on a “+” option.
• Sheet Size Control: In the bottom right corner, there is an option to increase or decrease the sheet size (zoom level).

Basic Excel Functions and Formulas: Learning basic Excel functions and formulas is crucial for mastering Excel and can significantly boost productivity. These are fundamental for daily tasks and data analysis. Some essential basic functions include:

• SUM: Used to add up numbers. It can calculate the total of values typed directly into the function or values within a range of cells. The formula starts with =SUM() followed by the range of cells (e.g., =SUM(A2:A5)).
• IF: Performs a logical test and returns one value if the condition is true and another value if the condition is false. The formula structure is =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) (e.g., =IF(B2>300, “Above 300”, “300 or Below”)).
• AVERAGE: Calculates the mean or average of numbers provided. The formula is =AVERAGE() followed by the range of cells (e.g., =AVERAGE(C2:C5)).
• MIN and MAX: Used to find the minimum and maximum values within a given range of data, respectively. The formulas are =MIN(range) (e.g., =MIN(D2:D5)) and =MAX(range) (e.g., =MAX(E2:E5)).
• TRIM: Removes extra spaces from text, except for single spaces between words. It’s useful for cleaning data from inconsistent sources. The formula is =TRIM(text) (e.g., =TRIM(F2)).
• CONCATENATE: Joins two or more text strings into one string. It can combine data from different cells. The formula is =CONCATENATE(text1, text2, …) (e.g., =CONCATENATE(H2,” “,I2)) or you can use the ampersand operator (&) for the same purpose (e.g., =H2&” “&I2).
• COUNT: Counts the number of cells within a range that contain numbers. There are related functions like COUNTA which counts cells with any content and COUNTBLANK which counts empty cells.

Mastering these basic elements and functions is the foundation for using Excel effectively for data analysis, report creation, task automation, and building interactive dashboards.

Essential Excel Functions Explained

Based on the source “003-Excel_Full_Course_2025___Excel-03-24-2025.pdf” and our previous discussion, let’s delve deeper into the usage of several key Excel functions. The source emphasizes that functions and formulas are crucial for mastering Excel and are fundamental for daily Excel tasks. Learning even a few essential functions can significantly enhance your abilities.

Here’s a breakdown of the usage of some basic but important Excel functions:

• SUM Function:
• The SUM function in Excel is used to add up numbers.
• It provides a quick way to calculate the total of several values, whether typed directly into the function or included within a range of cells.
• Example: To sum the values in cells A2 through A5, you would select the cell where you want the result to appear and enter the formula =SUM(A2:A5) in the formula bar.
• IF Function:
• The IF function in Excel is used to perform logical tests and return values based on the results of these tests.
• It checks whether a condition is TRUE or FALSE and then returns one value for a TRUE result and another for a FALSE result. This is extremely useful for decision-making processes within your data set.
• Example: To check if the value in cell B2 is greater than 300, and display “Above 300” if true and “300 or Below” if false, you would enter the formula =IF(B2>300, “Above 300”, “300 or Below”). This logic can also be applied to other cells by dragging the fill handle.
• AVERAGE Function:
• The AVERAGE function in Excel calculates the mean or average of numbers provided to it.
• This function is particularly useful for quickly finding the central values in a set of data, which can be helpful in various statistical analyses.
• Example: To find the average of values in cells C2 through C5, you would enter the formula =AVERAGE(C2:C5) in the desired cell.
• MIN and MAX Functions:
• The MIN and MAX functions in Excel are used to find the minimum and maximum values within a given range of data, respectively.
• These functions are useful for quickly identifying the smallest and largest numbers in a data set, helping you to analyze different ranges efficiently.
• Examples: To find the minimum value in cells D2 through D5, use =MIN(D2:D5). To find the maximum value in cells E2 through E5, use =MAX(E2:E5).
• TRIM Function:
• The TRIM function in Excel is used to remove all the extra spaces from text, except for a single space between words.
• This function is especially useful for cleaning up data that comes from other sources or has been entered inconsistently.
• Example: If cell F2 contains text with extra spaces, you can clean it by entering the formula =TRIM(F2) in another cell.
• CONCATENATE Function:
• The CONCATENATE function in Excel is used to join two or more text strings into one string.
• It helps in combining data from different cells, which can be useful for creating full names, combining addresses, or any situation where text needs to be merged.
• Example: If “Andrew” is in cell H2 and “Garfield” is in cell I2, you can combine them with a space by using the formula =CONCATENATE(H2,” “,I2) or =H2&” “&I2.
• COUNT Function:
• The COUNT function in Excel is used to specifically count the number of cells that contain numbers in a Range.
• It’s a crucial function for quickly assessing the numbers density in a data set, especially when dealing with mixed data types.
• Example: To count the number of cells containing numbers in the range J2 to J5, you would use the formula =COUNT(J2:J5).
• COUNTA Function:
• The COUNTA function in Excel counts the number of cells in a Range that are not empty.
• It is useful for determining the size of data sets that include various types of data such as numbers, text, or even logical values.
• Difference from COUNT: While COUNT only counts numeric values, COUNTA counts any non-empty cell. It does not count blank cells.
• Example: To count all non-empty cells in the range K2 to K5, use =COUNTA(K2:K5). This will count cells containing numbers or text.
• COUNTIF Function:
• The COUNTIF function is used to count the number of cells within a range that meet a specified criteria.
• This function is valuable for filtering and analyzing data based on specific conditions.
• Example: To count the number of cells in the range L2 to L5 that contain a value greater than 5, you would use the formula =COUNTIF(L2:L5, “>5”).
• SUMIF Function:
• The SUMIF function in Excel allows you to add up values in a Range based on specified criteria.
• This function is extremely useful for performing conditional sums where you want to sum numbers that meet certain conditions.
• Example: To calculate the sum of values in the range M2 to M5 that are greater than 5, you would use the formula =SUMIF(M2:M5, “>5”).

The source further highlights that Microsoft consistently updates Excel, introducing new functions to enhance data management capabilities. Mastering these basic functions lays the groundwork for understanding and utilizing more advanced features in Excel.

Excel for Data Analysis: 2025 Essentials

Based on the source “003-Excel_Full_Course_2025___Excel-03-24-2025.pdf” and our previous discussions, Microsoft Excel is presented as more than just a spreadsheet; it is a powerful and essential tool for data analysis in 2025. It enables users to transform raw data into valuable insights that can drive smarter business decisions. The source highlights that proficiency in Excel, from basic to advanced techniques, is vital for tasks such as creating reports, automating tasks, and building interactive dashboards. Furthermore, it mentions the exploration of advanced features like Power Query, Co-pilot for AI insights, and the use of key formulas to boost productivity.

Here are key aspects of data analysis in Excel as discussed in the source:

• Foundational Tool: Excel serves as a foundational tool for initial data exploration and basic analysis. Its versatility in data manipulation, visualization, and modeling is unmatched at this stage.
• Data Organization and Manipulation: Excel’s fundamental structure of rows and columns allows for organized data storage. It is also capable of manipulating data through various mathematical operations.
• Essential Functions for Analysis: The source emphasizes the crucial role of functions and formulas in mastering Excel for data analysis. Basic but important functions like SUM, AVERAGE, IF, COUNT, and SUMIF are fundamental for daily Excel tasks and make handling data easier and more efficient. Our previous discussion elaborated on these and other basic functions like MIN, MAX, TRIM, CONCATENATE, and COUNTIF, which are all building blocks for analyzing data.
• Data Visualization: Excel allows users to represent data in visually appealing graphs and charts, which is crucial for extracting insights and communicating findings effectively. The source demonstrates the creation of various chart types like pie charts, column charts, bar charts, and line graphs for different analytical purposes.
• Interactive Dashboards: A significant aspect of data analysis in Excel is the ability to build interactive dashboards. These dashboards allow for dynamic exploration and presentation of data using elements like pivot tables and slicers.
• Data Filtering and Sorting: Excel provides robust features for filtering data to focus on specific subsets and sorting data to identify trends and patterns, including sorting by date and multiple criteria. Advanced filtering options are also available for more complex data extraction.
• What-If Analysis: Excel offers what-if analysis tools like Goal Seek to experiment with different scenarios and understand how changes in input variables can affect outcomes.
• Data Cleaning: Preparing data for analysis is crucial, and Excel provides tools for removing duplicate values and using functions like TRIM to clean text data.
• Advanced Analysis Features: The source introduces more advanced capabilities for data analysis:
• Power Query: For importing and transforming data from various sources.
• Power Pivot: An Excel add-in for analyzing large data sets from multiple sources and creating relationships between tables.
• Co-pilot for AI Insights: Integrating AI to assist with data analysis tasks.
• Data Analysis Toolpak: An add-in that provides advanced data analysis tools for statistical calculations, including descriptive statistics like mean, median, mode, standard deviation, etc..
• Python in Excel: Integration of Python for advanced data analysis, visualization, and automation within the Excel environment.
• Pivot Tables: Pivot tables are highlighted as essential tools for summarizing and analyzing large datasets. They allow for easy aggregation, filtering, and comparison of data, and can be used to create pivot charts for visual representation. The source demonstrates creating pivot tables with multiple variables and calculating percentage contributions.
• Integration with Other Tools: While Excel is powerful, the source also acknowledges that data analysts often use it in conjunction with other tools like SQL, Python, Tableau, and Power BI for more advanced tasks.

In summary, the source “003-Excel_Full_Course_2025___Excel-03-24-2025.pdf” positions Microsoft Excel as a comprehensive tool for data analysis, offering a wide range of features from basic data organization and manipulation to advanced statistical analysis, visualization, and integration with other powerful platforms and languages. It emphasizes the continuous evolution of Excel with the introduction of features like Co-pilot and Python integration, further solidifying its role in the modern data-driven landscape.

Data Visualization Tools: Excel, Tableau, Power BI, and Python

Based on the source “003-Excel_Full_Course_2025___Excel-03-24-2025.pdf” and our conversation history, several tools for data visualization are discussed:

• Microsoft Excel: The source extensively highlights Excel’s capabilities as a powerful tool for turning data into insights, with a strong emphasis on data visualization through various types of charts and graphs. Excel allows users to represent data in visually appealing formats, which is crucial for understanding trends, patterns, and relationships within the data. The document demonstrates the creation of pie charts, column charts, bar charts, and line graphs to represent different types of data, such as company shares, profits over time, and revenue growth. Interactive dashboards can be built in Excel using pivot tables and pivot charts combined with slicers to filter data dynamically, making complex data more understandable. The source emphasizes that data visualization skills are paramount for data analysts as data complexity grows, and the ability to present insights clearly and persuasively is essential.
• Tableau and Power BI: The source mentions Tableau and Power BI as examples of data visualization tools that data analysts should be proficient in. These are presented alongside Excel, MySQL, and programming languages like Python and R, suggesting they are important components of a data analyst’s toolkit. The source implies that these tools are used for more advanced data visualization, although specific details about their functionalities are not provided within the excerpts.
• Python: The source identifies Python programming language as essential for data analysts, enabling data manipulation, advanced statistical analysis, and machine learning implementations. While the primary focus mentioned is not solely visualization, it’s widely known that Python has powerful libraries like Matplotlib and Seaborn that are extensively used for creating various types of static, interactive, and animated visualizations in data analysis [information not in the source, please verify independently]. The source briefly touches upon using Python within Excel, showcasing the creation of a line chart as a Python output.

In summary, the source emphasizes Microsoft Excel as a key data visualization tool, equipped with comprehensive charting features and the ability to create interactive dashboards. Tableau and Power BI are mentioned as other important data visualization tools for data analysts. Additionally, Python is highlighted for its broader data analysis capabilities, which include powerful visualization libraries [information not in the source, please verify independently], and its integration within Excel is also noted. The ability to present insights clearly and persuasively through data visualization is considered a core skill for data analysts in the context of data-driven communication.

Becoming a Data Analyst: Skills, Qualifications, and Experience

Based on the source “003-Excel_Full_Course_2025___Excel-03-24-2025.pdf” and our conversation history, becoming a data analyst involves acquiring a specific set of skills, qualifications, and practical experience. The source outlines a five-step approach to becoming a data analyst: focusing on skills, obtaining proper qualification, testing skills through personal projects, building a portfolio, and targeting entry-level jobs or internships.

Here’s a breakdown of these aspects based on the source:

1. Essential Skills:

The source categorizes the necessary skills into six key areas:

• Data Cleaning: Ensuring data is accurate and ready for analysis.
• Data Analysis: Extracting meaningful insights from data. Proficiency in Excel remains vital for data manipulation, visualization, and modeling as a foundational tool for initial data exploration and basic analysis. Excel is capable of manipulating data through mathematical operations and extracting insights. Basic Excel functions like SUM, AVERAGE, IF, COUNT, and SUMIF are essential.
• Data Visualization: Presenting data insights clearly and persuasively. Excel offers tools to represent data in visually appealing graphs and charts. The source also mentions data visualization tools like Tableau and Power BI as important for data analysts.
• Problem Solving: Identifying issues, formulating hypotheses, and devising innovative solutions for complex data challenges.
• Soft Skills: Effective communication of findings to both technical and non-technical stakeholders, teamwork, and collaboration within multidisciplinary teams.
• Domain Knowledge: Understanding the specific industry or domain in which one is working to provide accurate results.

2. Technical Skills:

Beyond the core skills, specific technical proficiencies are crucial:

• Microsoft Excel: As highlighted, proficiency in Excel is vital for data manipulation, visualization, and modeling. The source details various Excel functionalities like formulas (e.g., COUNTIF, SUMIF), charting, creating interactive dashboards using pivot tables and slicers, Power Pivot for large datasets, Power Query for data transformation, Co-pilot for AI insights, and even the integration of Python for advanced analysis.
• Database Management: Skills in database management, particularly proficiency in DDB systems and querying languages like SQL, are indispensable for accessing and manipulating data seamlessly.
• Statistical Analysis: Understanding statistical concepts and methods to uncover trends, patterns, and correlations within data, facilitating evidence-based decision-making. The source mentions tools like the Data Analysis Toolpak in Excel for statistical calculations, including ANOVA and descriptive statistics.
• Programming Languages: Proficiency in programming languages like Python is essential for advanced data manipulation, statistical analysis, and machine learning implementations. The source also mentions R programming language as another tool in a data analyst’s arsenal.
• Data Visualization Tools: Familiarity with dedicated data visualization tools like Tableau and Power BI is important for creating more sophisticated and interactive visualizations.

3. Qualifications:

Formal education and training can significantly enhance one’s prospects of becoming a data analyst:

• Master’s Courses, Online Courses, and Boot Camps: These provide structured learning to gain in-depth knowledge and specialized skills in data analysis.
• Master’s Programs: Offer comprehensive, academically rigorous training, often including research projects.
• Online Courses: Provide flexibility to learn at one’s own pace while covering essential topics.
• Boot Camps: Offer immersive, hands-on training in a short period, focusing on practical skills.

These qualifications enhance credibility, keep individuals updated on industry trends, and make them more attractive to potential employers.

4. Practical Experience:

Demonstrating practical skills is crucial for landing a data analyst role:

• Data Analyst Projects: Working on personal projects demonstrates practical skills in data cleaning, visualization, and analysis. These projects help build a portfolio showcasing expertise and problem-solving abilities and bridge the gap between theory and real-world application.
• Portfolio: A portfolio serves as tangible proof of data analysis skills and expertise through real-world projects, showcasing the ability to analyze and interpret data effectively. It highlights domain knowledge and problem-solving skills, providing a competitive edge.
• Internships: Internships offer hands-on experience with real-world datasets, tools, and workflows, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. They provide exposure to industry practices, build professional networks, enhance resumes, and improve chances of securing full-time roles.

5. Career Progression:

The initial steps often involve gaining practical experience and exposure:

• Targeting Entry-Level Jobs or Internships: These provide exposure to real-world data problems and allow for the application of learned skills in a professional setting.

In conclusion, becoming a data analyst in 2025, as outlined by the source, requires a combination of strong technical skills in areas like Excel, SQL, and potentially programming languages and visualization tools, alongside essential soft skills and domain knowledge. Obtaining relevant qualifications through various educational paths and gaining practical experience through personal projects, a strong portfolio, and internships are critical steps in this career journey. The source emphasizes that proficiency in Excel remains a foundational and vital skill for aspiring data analysts.

The Original Text

hello everyone and welcome to excel full course by simply learn Excel is more than just a spreadsheet it’s a powerful tool for turning data into insights that drivve smarter business decisions in 2025 Excel is an essential skill as data leads every industry in this course you learn from Basics to Advanced Techniques learning how to create reports automate task and build interactive dashboards you’ll also explore power query co-pilot for AI insights and 10 key formulas to boost productivity plus we’ll dive into dashboard creation charb automation database management and many more so let’s get started before we comment if you are interested to supercharge your career in data analytics the professional certificate program in data analytics and generative AI by E and ICT Academy it goari is your perfect choice this 11 Monon live online course offers interactive m master classes by I goti faculty and Industry experts combining Cutting Edge tools like generative AI chbt python Tab and SQL plus you’ll also earn an executive aluminize status from it goti and ibam recognized certifications to stand out in the job market Microsoft Excel so Microsoft Excel is a software product designed and developed by Microsoft storing data in an organized way that is rows and columns and Microsoft Excel is also capable to manipulate data through some mathematical operations followed by that Microsoft Excel is also used to extract the insights from the data and represent it in the form of visually appealing graphs and charts now we have a basic understanding or an overview of what a Microsoft Excel software product is now moving ahead we will understand the fundamentals of Microsoft Excel so following are some fundamentals that you need to know before getting started with Microsoft Excel so basically when you install the Microsoft Office in your computer you will have various Microsoft products out of which Microsoft Excel is one of the product so we will be dealing exactly with that particular product that is Microsoft Excel so when you get started with Microsoft Excel this is what you will see in the first page so this particular page is called as Microsoft Excel homepage where you will be having various varieties of sheets Microsoft Excel will give you some suggestions based on the type of sheet you want to work with we will see this in a better way through the Practical session so once you get started with the sheet you will have some more options so this particular option is called as the toolbar menu you will have the file home insert draw past layout formulas data review View and help so these are the tools that you will be using to work on your data using Microsoft Excel furthermore we have a toolbar ribbon so when you select some or the other option from the file home insert draw page layout formulas data review View and help buttons you will have a ribbon so for example you can see that I have selected the Home Tool here so when I press on the Home Tool this is the ribbon which Microsoft Excel gives me so this ribbon has some options in it which can perform various operations now in a further more detailed way we will have toolbar groups so when you see in the previous slide we have a complete toolbar ribbon so this particular ribbon been is segmented into groups so you can see the first group as paste Cut Copy format painter etc etc and the second group is the font the size of the font and to increase the size of the font to decrease the size of the font bold italic underline etc etc and here you can see the text alignment so each and every group has separate functions so each set is called as a group and I think you can see a small Arrow op over here so this Arrow option is used into the toolbar groups when the group is not able to fit all the operations or all the functionalities in one single provided section so when you click on this particular Arrow Mark you will have another dialogue box so this is called toolbar more options so you can see that when I clicked on this icon you can see a new dialogue box which opens me a new set of operations which are not able to be fit in this particular group so we will also see more about this in a better way in the practice iCal session now moving forward we have cell and address so when you open a Microsoft Excel sheet you can find boxes so each and every box is named as a cell and each cell has its own address for example the highlighted cell over here has an address B3 so B is the column name and three is the rule name and apart from that you can have the sheet tracker in the bottom left corner of the Excel sheet where you can navigate through different sheets and in the bottom right corner you have an option of increasing or decreasing the sheet size so these are the basic fundamentals of Microsoft Excel that you need to keep in mind before getting started so we will have more on this in the Practical session if you are new to Excel or looking to improve your skills learning these functions can really help Excel isn’t just making spreadsheets it’s a powerful tool for analyzing data and managing projects in this guide we will cover some basic but important Excel functions like sum average if count and sum if you’ll see how these functions do and learn and how to use them with practical examples this knowledge will help you with daily task and make you more confident in using Excel so let’s explore these functions together and see how they can make handling data easier and more efficient let’s get going and make the most of your data with Excel why learn basic Excel functions and formulas functions and formulas are crucial for mastering Excel by learning even a few essential ones you can outpace many around you they are fundamental for daily Excel task to deepen your knowledge or explore Advanced functions consider exploring a comprehensive database of all existing Excel functions Microsoft consistently updates Excel introducing new functions like xlup in Microsoft 365 enhancing your data management capabilities so now let’s move on to the demo part okay so first we will understand the sum function in Excel as we know the sum function in Excel is used to add up the numbers it provides a quick way to calculate the total of several values whether they are typed into a function directly included within a range of cells so these are the cells so you just have to type the numbers in the cell and uh give the function over here and it will give you the desired result let’s check how so first we will understand the sum function I’m just I’ll just write it over here so the first step is like open your Excel file in your computer and select any column or row like here I’m selecting the column for instance you might just put them in cells A1 till A5 so uh in the A1 part I’ve mentioned some for your understanding so we’ll start with A2 we’ll type all the values over here so just type any values like I’m typing 40 then we have 78 then 35 and then we have 67 from A2 till A5 we have typed the values and using the formula in the formula bar it will add all the numbers from cell A2 till A5 and it will display in this particular cell so just select the cell where you want your answer to be shown and just insert the formula over here the formula for sum function is equal to sum A1 till A5 so we just go back to this bar and just select this particular cell and here in this bar just type the formula A1 till A5 but then here we have A2 so we’re just going to change it to A2 till A5 all right and just press enter so here you get the value 220 which is the sum of all the values which we have mentioned over here so it was pretty simple right now let us understand the IF function in Excel okay so the IF function in Excel is used to perform logical test and return values based on the results of these test this function checks whether a condition is true or false and then returns one value for a True Result and another for a false result it is extremely useful for decision making process within your data set let us now understand what are the steps to use this if function so just input your data and put any numeric values in the cells from B2 till B5 okay so 56 90 36 23 and here I want my result to be shown so I’ll just insert the formula here in the function bar so okay just check out the formula with IF function which is equal to if A1 is greater than a00 above 300 300 or below so let’s see how it works we’re just going to enter the formula okay so this will tell Excel to check if the value of B2 is greater than 300 if true it will display above 300 and if false it will display 300 or below let’s check it out okay so there’s some mistake going to paste the formula here again so in place of A1 we will mention B2 we just type B2 over here if GR greater than 300 above 300 or 300 below just press enter so we’ll just enter the formula over here and in place of A1 we will provide B2 all right so we just type here B2 that’s it and we just press enter so you can see the result has come to 300 or below because the value is less than 300 and you can also so drag and fill handle from B1 down to B5 and apply the same logic in other columns as well and it will give you the same result let us now understand the next function which is the average function in Excel the average function and okay so what is this average function used for basically the average function in Excel it will calculate the mean or average of numbers provided to it this function is particularly useful for quickly finding the central values in a set of data which can be helpful in various statistical analysis let us now understand the steps to use the average function so the first step is like you just click on the cell wherever you want your value to appear all right so just provide any values suppose um let’s provide some bigger values like bigger numbers like 430 here we type 2 78 then we have 98 and we have uh 79 and here I want my value to be shown so I’ll just insert the average formula which is let’s check out the formula which is equal to equal to average what is the um column we have chosen from C2 so we’ll just type C2 over here till C2 till C5 C5 all right and we will just press enter so as you can see the average function value is shown over here so after pressing enter the Excel will compute and display the average of all the cells in the selected Cel the next function is the minimum and maximum functions in Excel it’s very very simple let’s discuss what is the minimum and maximum function used for the Min and the max functions in Excel are used to find the minimum and maximum values within a given range of data these functions are useful for quickly identifying the smallest and largest numbers in a data set helping you to analyze different ranges efficiently so let us now understand what are the steps to use this formula it’s very simple just type any values over here 500 next we have 389 then we have 200 190 198 and here I want my value to be shown the minimum value so in the function bar I’ll just press I’ll just type the function which is equal to Min and in the bracket you just mention the column which is starting from D2 right so D2 D2 till D5 so just type the formula over here and after pressing enter you can see the minimum value shown over here is 190 and it’s similar for the maximum function as well so for the max let’s let’s uh use some different values and I want my uh function to be shown here so same you have to use the same formula just type the in place of Max we’re using in place of minimum we using the max function so just type Max and then the column name which is from uh I think G no no no yeah e so just so in place of we will just write right e okay sorry we just type E2 till I think it’s still E5 right E5 that’s it and just press enter so you can see the maximum value shown over here that is 800 so it’s very simple the Exel will display the largest and the minimum value using Min and Max functions the next is to understand the trim function in Excel let us now understand the trim function in Excel so basically this trim function in Excel is used to remove all the extra spaces from text except for a single space between words this function is specially used for cleaning up the data that comes from other sources of data that has been entered inconsistently let us now understand the steps to use the STM functions it is same as we have seen for all these functions the only difference is that this stream function will exclude the spaces so assume your text Data with some Extra Spaces in cells suppose over here I type any sentence any text okay like hello and then I provide some extra space every one and suppose I want my value to be inserted over here to remove all the extra space or if you want some bigger text you can do that but let us now check how the trim functions work for this text just click on the cell where you want your clean text to appear that is F6 and using the function over here just write uh equal to trim and then in place of you just have to mention over here which is uh F2 which is F2 just press enter now you can see that I’ve provided some Extra Spaces over here but here using the trim function it will remove all the extra space and just make it in a clean manner so you can also drag the fill handle from B1 like from this F2 down to G2 and all of that and then you can use a trim function in other column as well to clean up the text the second function is the concatenate function so let’s discuss the concatenate function over here okay so this concatenate function in Excel is used to join two or more text strings into one string it helps in combining data from different cells which can be useful for creating full names from first and last names combining addresses or any situation where text needs to be merged so let us now look the step steps how to use this concatenate function so just assume that you have written your name suppose I’ve written Andrew in this column H2 and here I have written car field now if I want what if I want to combine Andrew Garfield together so just by using this concatenate function I can make it happen all right so if I want my uh result to be shown in this particular cell I’ll just click on this and then in the function bar I’ll just enter the formula which is which is uh equal to cona concatenate and then I have to mention the cell name which is H this is H2 right H2 H and this one is I2 so I’ll just mention the yeah and here and here after mentioning okay I have to provide some space over here so I’ll just put comma and then some space then comma and then here I’ll just I2 all right and here I’ll just press enter so you can see in this particular Rule and both name has been combined concatenated together into a single name so this is how we use the concatenate function and the next function we have is the count function in Excel let us now understand how to use this count function okay the count function in Excel is used to specifically count the number of cells that contain numbers in a Range it’s a crucial function for quickly assessing the numbers density in a data set especially when dealing with mixed data types we’ll just assume that you have added transaction counts in column J starting from column G2 till J5 so the transaction counts are as follows 7 89 0 100 till J5 and then click on the cell where you want your count to appear say J j6 and then you just go to the formula bar and just press just enter the formula over there which is equal to count bracket this should be J2 J2 in J5 and just press enter and you can see the Excel will display the number of cells that contain numbers in column J which is one 2 3 4 okay so this was all for count concatenate trim Max Min average if and Su functions next we have is the count a function let us now understand what is this count a function fun used for and how is it different from count function so this count a function in Excel counts the number of cells in a Range that are not empty it is useful for determining the size of data sets that include various type of data such as numbers text or even logical values so just it will just count the number of nonempty cells in a specific column just click on the cell where you want the count to appear okay let me just tell you the difference between count and count function is that the count function generally used to count a range of cells containing numbers or dates excluding blank whereas this count a function will count everything including numbers dates text or a range containing a mixture of these items but does not count blank cells so suppose if I enter 56 and I leave it blank and then I enter 98 and then again I leave it okay and then just enter 56 and I want my formula to be shown over here so I’ll just go in this formula bar and just enter equal to count a and then from K column this is K column right K2 K2 till K5 okay and I just press enter so as you can see it’s showing three one 2 3 it will not count the extra space or the empty call empty cell we have left behind and also one more thing that we can also type text over here it’s not necessary to type only the numbers you can also type the text for example I type Apple your right type banana now okay here is the function just press enter will count three which is 1 2 and three so this count a function is used both for text as well as the dates as well as the numeric values but the count function is only used for the numeric values and it it will not count the text over here now let us understand the count if function in Excel we have now understood count and count a function and what is the difference between both both of these function we will now understand the countif function over here so let’s understand the count if function okay so this counter function is used to count the number of cells in a Range that meet a specified criteria this function is valuable for filtering and analyzing data based on specific conditions to count the number of transaction that ex exceeds a certain amount of value a threshold value for example five just click on the cell and suppose you want your values to appear in column L2 so suppose I type here 89 7 3 and five and here I will enter the formula which is equal to count if and then from L2 till L5 okay just close the bracket and here you just also have to input the threshold value suppose I take the threshold value as uh let’s say three or let’s say five okay let’s take it five so this is my threshold value greater than five so it will display only the numbers which are greater than five and I just press enter so you can see it’s showing two okay because 7 and 89 are the only two values which are greater than five so you can see that using any threshold function even if I could have written over here let’s say three so it will show three because the number is greater than three are 5 7 and 89 so this is how count a function works we will now understand the last function which is the sum IF function in Excel so what is the sum of function used for basically the sum of function in Excel allows you to add up values in a Range based on specified criteria this function is extremely use useful for performing conditional sums where you can want to show the sum numbers that meet certain condition so to calculate the sum of transactions where the number is greater than five click on the cell where you want your total number to appear let’s say over here I select which is m6 and you just have to enter the formula before that just write any number values like 7 5 3 and 10 and over here just mention the formula which is equal to sum if and the column name is starting from M2 till M5 value should be greater than comma this is M2 right M2 to M that’s it and we’ll just press enter so it’s showing 17 So based on this formula bar the formula will check the values from M2 till M5 and if the number is greater than five and sum only those number so as I’ve mentioned the value five so it will only calculate it will it will only sum numbers which are greater than five which are 10 and 7 which is equal to 17 so this is how the summ function is used we have come to the end of our video and this was all for the top 10 most important basic Excel functions if you categorize the steps to become a data analyst these are the ones firstly you need to focus on skills followed by that you need to have a proper qualification then test your skills by creating a personal project an individual project followed by that you must focus on building your own portfolio to describe your caliber to your recruiters and then Target to the entry level jobs or internships to get exposure to the real world data problems so these are the five important steps now let’s begin with the step one that is skills so skills are basically categorized into six steps it cleaning data analysis data visualization problem solving soft skills and domain knowledge so these are the tools Excel MySQL our programming language Python programming language some data visualization tools like tblo powerbi and next comes the problem solving so these are basically the soft skill Parts problem solving skills domain knowledge the domain in which you’re working maybe a Pharma domain maybe a banking sector maybe automobile domain Etc and lastly you need to be a good team player so that you can actively work along with the team and solve the problem collaboratively now let’s move ahead and discuss each and every one of these in a bit more detail starting with Microsoft Excel while Advanced tools are prevalent Proficiency in Excel remains vital for data analyst Excel versatility in data manipulation visualization and modeling is unmatched it serves as a foundational tool for initial data exploration and basic analysis data management database management skill is indispensable for data analyst as data volume saw efficient management and retrieval from ddb is critical Proficiency in ddb systems and querying languages like SQL ensures analyst can access and manipulate data seamlessly followed by that we have statistical analysis statistical analysis allow analysts to uncover hidden Trends patterns and Corr relationships within data facilitating evidence-based decision making it empowers analyst to identify the significance of findings validate hypothesis and make reliable predictions next after that we have have programming languages Proficiency in programming languages like python is essential for data analys these languages enable data manipulation Advanced statistical analysis and machine learning implementations next comes data storytelling or also known as data visualizations data storytelling skill is Paramon for data analy data storytelling Bridges the gap between data analysis and actionable insights ensuring that the value of data is fully realized in a world data driven communication is Central to business success data visualization skill is a CornerStore for data analyst as data complexity grows the ability to present insights clearly and persuasively is Paramount next is managing your customers and problem solving managing all your customers data and companies relationships is Paramount strong problem solving skills are important for data analyst with complex data challenges and evolving analytical methodologies analyst must excel in identifying issues formulating hypothesis and devising innovative solutions in addition to the technical skills data analyst in 2025 will require strong soft skills to excel in their roles here are the top FES data analyst must effectively communicate their findings to both Technical and non-technical stakeholders this includes presenting complex data in a clear and understandable manner next soft skill as teamwork and collaboration data analysts often work with multidisciplinary teams alongside data scientists data Engineers business professionals collaborative skills are essential for sharing insights brainstorming Solutions and working cohesively towards common goals and last but not least domain knowledge knowledge on domain in which you’re currently working is really important it might be a phical domain it can be an automobile domain it can be banking sector and much more unless you have a basic foundational domain knowledge you cannot continue in that domain with accurate results now the next step which was about the qualification to become a data analyst Master’s courses online courses and boot camps provide strong structured learning that helps you gain in-depth knowledge and specialized skills in data analysis masters programs offer comprehensive academically reest training and often include research projects making sure you’re highly competitive in the job maret Market online courses allow flexibility to learn at your own pace while covering essential topics and boot gaps offer immersive Hands-On training in a short period focusing on practical skills all three parts enhance your credibility keeping you updated on industry Trends and make you more attractive to potential employers if you are looking for a well curated allrounder then we have got you covered simply learn offers a wide range of courses on data science and data analytics starting from Master’s professional certifications to postgraduation and boot camps from globally reputed and recognized universities for more details check out the links in the description box below and comment section now proceeding ahead we have the projects for data analyst data analyist projects demonstrate practical skills in data cleaning visualization and Analysis they help build a portfolio showcasing your expertise and problem solving abilities projects provide hands-on experience Bridging the Gap between Theory and real world application they show domain knowledge making you more appealing to employees in specific Industries projects enhance your confidence and prepare you to discuss real world challenges in interviews proceeding ahead the next step is about the portfolio for data analysts a portfolio is a testament that demonstrates your skill and expertise through real world projects showcasing your ability to analyze and interpret data effectively it provides tangible proof of your capabilities making you stand out to the employers additionally it highlights your domain knowledge and problem solving skills giving you a Competitive Edge during job applications and interviews last but not the least data analyst internships internships provide hands-on experience with real world D sets tools and workflows Bridging the Gap between Theory knowledge and practical application they offer exposure to Industry practices helping you understand how data is used to drive decisions internships also build you Professional Network enhance your resume and improve chances of securing a full-time data analy role so now we enter the demo inventory in Microsoft Excel so we will be using Microsoft Excel to create a sheet of the employees in a company so basically an employee in a company has employee ID name and designation salary etc etc so we will be trying to create the same table using Microsoft Excel but before that let us understand the fundamentals of Microsoft Excel through the the Practical demo first so I have started my Microsoft Excel and this is how the homepage of Microsoft Excel looks like so you have a blank workbook over here if you want to create a new workbook you can select new Option so Excel will provide you with various variety of sheets you can see money in Excel adjustable meeting agenda streaming showers small business cash flow and many more if you’re not able to find what you’re looking for then you always have an option of selecting the particular type of sheet what you’re looking for so you have various options if it’s business if it’s personal if it’s planners and trackers list budgets charts etc etc so let’s imagine that you wanted something from business so just by clicking at business option the Excel will load a variety of sheets related to business options so this might take a while so you can see that the Excel is loading few types of sheets so you can see that Excel has provided us with some online varieties of sheets for example any calendar business expenses Channel marketing budget budget sumary report blue product list etc etc you can see construction proposal Eno you name it Excel has got it so Excel will provide you with some variety of options based on your requirement now for this session let’s get started with your blank workbook which looks something like this since this tutorial is based on the fundamentals we’ll go with the blank workbook now over here you can see the toolbar that we discussed earlier that has the file home insert draw page layout formulas data review View and help so this is the toolbar and under the toolbar I have selected home and you can see this is the particular ribbon what we discussed about this particular ribbon belongs to homepage and when you select file option you’ll get back to home and if you select insert option you’ll have another different ribbon with different groups etc etc so every particular tool has different ribbons in them and remember the extra options that we discussed when you press over this Arrow key this is it so when you press the arrow key you’ll have few more settings which cannot be fit in this this particular section of groups so you can have some variety of options over here of changing the font changing some effects to the text font size and font style etc etc apart from this we have also discussed about the cells in every sheet so this particular cell has an address so you can see the address over here which is B3 so B happens to be the column name and three happens to be the row name now we also had a discussion about the sheet tracker right now we just have one sheet if you want multiple sheets you can just feel free to select on the plus option which will always create you some extra sheets and you can navigate through sheets just by pressing on the sheet name and when you get back to the bottom right corner you have an option of increasing and decreasing the cell size or the sheet size now let’s keep it default with 100% now these are the few fundamentals that you need to keep in mind before getting started with Microsoft Excel now that we know the fundamentals of Microsoft Excel let’s get started with a practical session which is about the employees details in a company now let’s select this particular cell and let’s type in employ details yeah we have the cell now an employee details table will have the information related to employees so the information will be about about name it will be about employee number it will be the designation and maybe salary and maybe blood group as well and uh let’s take another one which is phone number yeah so so far so good and uh you can see that we have some problem with this particular column the designation the name uh the the name of the designation is practically good but it is not visible so when you uh when you’re not on that particular cell you can see that the name is incomplete over here so you can always fix that you can just you know manually change the size of the row or cell or you also feel free to you know double click on that cell which will automatically you know set the size of that particular cell and same goes to the blood group just let’s try to double click on that and same goes to phone number great so you can see that the employees details are just confined to the first two cells it’s supposed to be somewhere in the middle right so no problem we can do that as well we can select all the cells and we have an option of merging them you can just select this one which will help you with merging and centering that particular data to the center part so that’s how we do it now let’s get started by adding the names of the employees uh let’s add the names Joe John uh Mary Mark Susan and then Jennifer let’s type in Mike let’s type in Tim Jeff Jeffrey yeah we have a couple of employees now let’s type in the employee numbers yeah we have the employee numbers now let’s type in the designation okay let’s choose uh Joe to be the CEO of the company and John as the software developer and Mary as tester Mark and finance Susan also in finance and Jennifer in testing and mik in uh marketing same goes for Tim and again Jeffrey into software development and uh Ming into testing again now let’s click on C so that it gets you know resized according to the length of the text now it’s done so let’s get into salary uh $10,000 and $115,000 $119,000 let’s increase the salary of a CEO so let’s keep it $1 lakh and finance again 20,000 so yeah the salaries are allocated again the blood group yeah we have the blood groups now let’s type in the mobile numbers for yeah now we have typed in some random mobile numbers as well so uh yeah this is how you can add in some data into your table and now let us imagine that you forgot to add or remove a column so let’s imagine that we wanted to add a serial number as well but somehow we forgot to add it now you can always add a new row or column for example here we wanted to add a new column so we just have to right click on a select the insert option here we have a new row now now let’s type in serial number and let’s type one now can you see the small box option over here if you just drag it you can you know copy paste all those over here and now let’s right click and fill series now we have the employee number starting from 1 to 10 that’s how you do it and apart from this you you can also uh you know change the font of the entire row you can change the font to say uh aroni and you can always also change the font and same goes to the employee table you can select it bold it and you can also increase the size and again select a color for the text maybe a different color green would be better and and uh you can also select the entire cells and align them to the center looks more good and you can select or double click the row names so you’ll have the proper spacing between all the rows and columns so we have double click on the column right yeah so basically that’s how you make things happen now let’s save this so I’d like to go to the save option and uh EMP data let me save this in my local location and just save it’s done so that’s how you work on your Excel file with some basic data and to learn more don’t forget to get subscribed to Simply learns YouTube channel and don’t forget to hit that Bell icon to stay updated so you are the first person to get an update on any technology not just Excel now let’s get back to the Practical mode and now we are on our Excel spreadsheet so here here we have some text boxes on the column A and on column B we have lower and upper okay so um we have a mix of uh uppercase and lower case in our text so first we’ll try to convert them to lower case and then we’ll try to convert the entire text into uppercase so for that you need to press on equal symbol and select the lower formula tap and you selected the function and now click on the cell A3 that’s your select press and press on okay now all the letters are converted to low case so we had J in the uppercase which is converted to low case now all you can do is drag the formula to all the cells and it will be applied to all the cells right now let’s similarly try to convert into uppercase and tab space and there you go you have selected the formula now the cell address press enter and drag the same address I mean drag the same formula to all the cell addresses and there you go all the cells are converted to uppercase now that’s how you convert the cells or data in Excel to uppercase or lowercase in Excel now we are on the Excel spreadsheet now here we have some sales data based on a store now what we going to do is we going to add some multiple rows or a single Row in this particular data so here you can see the region wise category Wise statewise subcategory Wise and the sales and quantities right now let us imagine that you must have to add a sale data here right so let us imagine that on the row 7th you were supposed to add some detail for example some technology related sale happened on that day and you missed out to add it right so how do you create a new rule now so for example if multiple sales happened on the same day like 3 to four and you missed out them so how do I add three to four rows in between the ex testing data right so don’t worry about it it’s completely simple all you have to do is select the row and right click and press on the option insert now this will insert one single row if you wanted to add one single uh row or you know toule and if you wanted to add multiple rows for example you wanted to add three rows Al together then it’s also simple all you have to do is select three rows and right click and press on insert and then you have three rows so there you go so that’s how you add multiple rows in a Excel spreadsheet or that’s how you add one single Row in an Excel spreadsheet now we have started our Excel worksheet and here you can see we have employee details on our worksheet now all of a sudden uh you wanted to add employee second name as well or a last name right so you are a beginner and you don’t know how to add a column or you know you might be a little ambiguous right so instead of using this simple step you might end up creating a whole new sheet or maybe other approaches as well which are timec consuming so let me give you this simple step all you have to do is select the column so here you wanted to add a last name right so B is your column with the first name and here you wanted to add a second name or the last name which is in between the columns B and C so remember that Excel adds a column always towards the left side of a column so here if I if you wanted to add a column next to V then you want to select the column C and right click and select the insert option so that it can be added in between B and C which is adjacent to B so let’s look at it right so you have added the next uh column or a new column right next to the column V and it’s in between the designation and employee name now you can add your you know second name so that’s how you create a new column in Excel now in case if you wanted to you know create multiple columns all together so uh here we have or here we needed a second name also here you have a designation and you wanted to add another column which you know assigns managers to the employees right so let’s delete it uh Delete the second column and let me explain you how what I want to do so here you wanted to add the second name of the employee and also the manager of these employees right so here you wanted to add two columns Al together right uh and now you might be wondering could I add two columns together or will it work only for the one column thing right no it it works for two columns and also more than two columns all together so you wanted to add two columns here right so select the two columns you you can select or you can click on the column see and hold that left key and drag it along the right side Okay so here I have selected two columns and here it’s three right so you can see here uh it’s 1 48 5 6 7 6 are cross 3C that means you have selected three columns if I navigate on the four you can see we have selected four columns right now right click and select on insert and you’ll have four columns in between employee name and designation now you might have to add your second name man man name manager employee ID you know and the department everything or you can add anything or any number of columns in between the existing columns now we are on our Excel spreadsheet now you might want to you know add uh some extension to your data since we have sales here you might want to add the dollar logo right so if you have like five to 10 rows then it’s easy but if you have multiple rows then it might be a little time consuming in such scenarios you might want to select the entire column right so how do you do that in a shortest method so there are multiple methods to do it so the easiest one the first and the easiest one is clicking on the column number or column name so here we have the column name that is e and if you click on it the entire column is selected and here we have numbers so let us imagine that you wanted to select the row number two click on number two and you have all the rows I mean the entire row selected all the cells are selected right so this is one way and again there is another way where you can just you know uh click on the first table header and press control spacebar so the combination key is control spacebar for columns and if you want to select the entire row it is shift space bar so this is the method two and another method so you might have a doubt here right so when you click on the column name or when you click on the row number the entire row or entire column gets selected right and you wanted to select only the cells which have data so we have another way for that so you can select the cell now hold the control and shift key and press the lower Arrow key to select the entire column with cells having data so there you go you have selected all the cells in one single column with only data and all the cells which do not have data are not selected same applies to rows as well control shift right arrow key or left Arrow key based on your rows and all the rows with data will be selected I mean all the celles in a row are selected not the entire row and U coming back to the first question that is adding the dollar symbol so here we have General so go to the data type and add currency so you have rupees here so currently we are in India so we have rupees now what is the advantage of selecting the entire row when you don’t have any data in the 57th row or the next cell right I’ll show you now let us add the number 100 and press enter there you go let us add another number like th000 and press enter so the data formatting is automatically applied to all the cells so most of the time your cells or the data sheet will be varying you might have to add or remove elements or numbers right so in such scenarios this will be helpful now comparing two different columns or multiple columns happen Happ s to be an important job when you’re working in data analytics as you have to come up with some decisive decisions based on the data now if you had to do it manually then you might end up taking hours or even days based on the data set you’re working with but if I say that you can do it within minutes then it would be interesting to work with right now we’ll be doing the same now we’ll work on a sample data set right on my screen so here we have column 1 and column two now our job is to compare the column one 1 and column two and come up with the result now the first and the simplest way to do it is use the built-in conditional formatting which comes with Excel by default now all you have to do is select all the data and navigate to home and then the home go to Styles group and select conditional formatting and in conditional formatting you can see highlight cells so in that you can use duplicate values when you click on duplicate values a small pop-up window will come on your screen and here you have an option of choosing whether duplicate or unique so duplicate means you’re comparing the cells and you can see there are some duplicate cells which are present in column one are also present in column two now you can also check how to uh you know find out the unique values which are only present in column 1 but not in column two so you can just press unique and there you go you can find it now you can also try to you know change the color by filling with green for The Unique columns and duplicate cells with color red now this was the first method and you can also work out some different ones like uh you can just directly uh press equal to and select the cell and equals to and the next cell press enter and if there is a match it will give you true if there is no match then it will give you false now you can drag it down and see which all are matching and and which I learn not now you can also make some minute modifications to this so uh if in case you didn’t find the data then you can say not found so for that uh you can try if and inside brackets and then you can give the value as not found if true it’s found first you have to give the True Values so for true you can write it as found and in case if it’s not found then you can write write it down as not found there you go close the bracket press enter and there you go if there is a perfect match you will have found and if there is no match then you’ll get not found now so far we have discussed uh comparing two cells using conditional formatting and also by using equals to operator and trying to uh add some tweaks to the equals to Operator by involving with if operator and apart from those we also have another way to compare two columns in Excel so uh another way is using the lookup functions so we’ll use a simple V lookup function to compare both the cells so for that let’s type in equals to we look up time space and um select the cell you want to check for and then the range of elements you want to uh compare and then I’ll press F4 to log them now uh you want the data from column one and now you want the exact match so zero press enter so there you go so the elements which are present in column 1 and column 2 are been displayed here so but in case if the elements are not found you’ll get an error so let’s look at that simply drag the formula to all the cells and there you go so the elements which are matching will give you the proper result but the ones which are not matching will give you not applicable or error message this can be fixed we can make some minor tweaks to the same formula so uh we can add if error comma simply write an as not found and close the bracket so that should do so we have closed the bracket and press enter there you go now simply drag this and soon you can see the data which is having no match is shown as not found now uh there is another possibility okay let’s get back to another different sheet so this should work so uh we we already have the formula so let’s erase that first I’ll erase the whole data and even this one yeah now we have the clear column for so here you can see we have Ford India and here you can see we have just Ford and similarly here you have Mahendra and Mahendra and here you have Mahendra right so in some situations you might have to compare two different columns but the names might be a little different right so for example uh if you’re working with Oracle and if you’re working with Oracle America and you have in the first case is Oracle and then the second column is Oracle America then those are one and same but you have some minor text changes right just like here you have for India and here you have Ford so what if you had such kind of issues so you can also make some minor tweaks to it so using the same lookup formula you can add equals to we lookup and also the comparision cell which is this one and you’re not you’re not stopping them you’re trying to add the wild card here so the wild card is HRI which means if there is anything like uh if you get the comparison between the first cell and and the second cell which matches and if there is anything extra rather than the actual cell please try to consider it so that’s what we going to do so after entering entering the wild card symbol you’ll select the range of columns which you have to uh you know fetch the data from and then try to fix them using function key F4 you’re looking from the column number one and then you’re finding the exact match now you can close it and ENT now let’s try to drag it there you go so you have the data Mahindra and Mahindra hindai India Honda India so that’s how you try to use uh comparing cells in Excel now you can see I’m on my Excel worksheet and I have one table on my worksheet right now so you can you know transposing or you know converting rows to columns is a very simple task I’ll explain you in two different ways so the first way select all the sales that you have on your sheet and press on contrl C so it will give you the copy option and then you can also paste in the same sheet or if you want you can go to a whole new sheet and select the paste option over here but before selecting the actual paste option you can see a small drop- down icon click on that and navigate to paste special and in this you can see transpose option click on that or you know make sure that it’s checked and press okay now you can see all your columns are been converted into rows and all your rows are converted into columns so this was the first way and uh what is the second way you ask me so it’s really simple select one cell somewhere and you know you can or let’s create a new sheet as well so here you can you know write down the formula as transpose and select the array which you want to transpose so this is the array so transpose is basically an array function in Excel so once you are done with you know selecting your data press enter there you go so all your rows are now columns and all your columns are now the rows now on my spreadsheet you can see some data which is the sales data of quarterly basis and the four different zones that is northwest southeast so you can you know make things look better by hiding these columns and if you hide these columns it’s critical for the end user to identify which columns are exactly hidden right to make things a little easier for your end user you can select the columns and then go to the data option and in the data option click on the group option so this will group these columns and you will have the symbol of minimization which will help you you hide these columns automatically and unhide these columns automatically now let’s also try to group GH i j columns and there you go now similarly let’s also try to group the rows of North and Rose of West then you have the rose of South and row of East right now all these rows and columns are been grouped now all you can do is just click on the minimize button and those will be minimized similarly the rules right and to unhide them all you can do is click on the plus icon and they will be unhidden you can also try to ungroup the columns and rows all you have to do is select the columns and click on the ungroup option similarly the rows as well and that’s how you can group and ungroup rows and columns in Exel now we are on our spreadsheet and you can see I have some sample data on my spreadsheet and it does have some blank rows now how do I eliminate these blank rows so one step is you can you know select the entire row and try to right click and delete it again this sort of method might take us to get rid of all the blank rows and most of the time you might end up even selecting the rows with data in it right so if I want to select multiple rows then I’ll be selecting some rows with data as well which might be a little Troublesome in the future now let’s try to use the easier way now for that go to the find and select option select the go to special option and in that select the blanks option and press okay now hold control key and press minus key and you will have an option of deleting the cells now select the entire row now we are selecting the entire rows with blank data and press okay and the cells will be shifted now this was simple but let me show you another example so even here we have some blank rows but in between those blank rows for example will take cell 17 or cell d17 or row 17 we have some data testing and here in the employee ID we have some data in a26 and again in b39 we have some data that is first name right in such scenarios how do I eliminate data so we have a simple Logic for it so all we need to do is add another row which is to count the number of cells in the row now that can be count now here equals to the function is Count a let Tab and the cells will be from A2 to G2 press enter now you have seven so now we are basically calculating the number of cells so if you apply the same to the entire um data set let’s drag it and there you go so there are certain places where you find zero which are basically the empty columns right now let’s do some formatting if you need let’s try to add filters crl a contr d and now table will have filters and headers now here you can see the drop- down icon click on that now instead of select all what you can do is Select zero now you will be highlighted with all the rows which do not have any data select all those and press on delete or what you can do is the same way control minus there you go now clear the filter now all you have is the data without any kind of blank rows so all the rows that had some amount of data are retrained and all the data or all the cells or all the rows which do not have any data which are completely blank they have been eliminated so here you can see columns and rows so especially the fourth row and the column C right so uh currently we have data on our uh spreadsheet and it is exceeding the number of rows currently visible on our screen right so when you scroll down you can see that the header or the headers of all the columns are getting vanished or scrolled up along with the data right and you might want to keep that so that you’ll have reference to every single aspect of or every single cell data you’re referring to right so for that reason you might want to freeze this and also you might have a doubt what if uh even even I had this data in the column section right and what if I had to freeze that and you know when when you scroll this and keep that data uh set on the column as it is right so we can also do that let’s look at both of them so there is a simple process to do that all you have to do is select the cell or for which you want to uh you know set the or freeze the column adjacent to it or the row adjacent to it right so currently you want to let me expand it so currently I want to freeze this particular row right and this particular column so the cell I would be selecting is the first cell here that is D5 right so when I select this particular cell I can be able to freeze this particular row and this particular column so now you need to navigate to the toolbar and then select the view menu and inside view option you can see there is an option of free pains right so click on the drop down so you can see three different options as we discussed earlier we can either choose to freeze an entire row that is the second option or you can freeze the entire column that is the third option or you can freeze both that is the first option right freezing rows and columns so let’s select this one and see if our rows and columns are frozen or not right so now let’s scroll down and you can see our row is successfully Frozen there right and similarly scroll towards right and you can see our column has been successfully Frozen right so this is how you freeze rows and columns or you can freeze panes in Excel now here on my sheet you can see we have some numbers that is $10 or 10 .20 $22 $ 53.1 two $12 and $110 now the task is to convert these numbers into word format that is representing the numbers alphabetically right this might be a little curious and we also might end up searching for a predefined method which is not readily available in Excel but there is a way where you can create a function using Excel VBA or macros now again creating a macro is completely complex now I identifying the trouble Microsoft has already come up with a readily available macro code on their official website which will support the various versions of Microsoft Excel starting from Microsoft Excel 365 to all the way up to the older Excel version that is 2010 now you can scroll down and use this particular macro function which Microsoft has readily made us available and use this to create our own macro in Excel VBA now let’s get back to Excel and you can create a macro using the developer option now developer options will not be readily available in Microsoft Excel to activate developer option go to home and go to the options menu in the last and here go to customize ribbon and here in the second drop- down menu you can see developer option by default it will not be checked click on the check option to activate developer options and and press okay now you have your developer options ready click on developer options click on Visual Basic and here to insert a new macro click on the insert button click on module and a new macro window is readily available for you now control V to paste your code and your function is with the name number to text right now close the macro and here your function will be ready available equals to and the function name was number to text press tab to select the function and select the cell where you have the data close the function press enter now drag the same formula across all the cells and here you have the text converted from numbers so here we have $10.20 and you have $102 $22 and no cense $53 and2 $12 and no cents and $110 with no sense now that’s how you can convert numbers to words using the macro which is predefined for excel in the Microsoft website so for example uh let us imagine that you wanted to create one single cell for all the employees in your company which stes the first name second name or last name including the email IDs at one place right if you want to do so like let us let us let me show you how it looks like so let me copy this here then that’s the first name now it’s your second name along with the email ID now let us imagine that you wanted to store all the employees in the same way right so you can do this by using combine operation in Excel now all it takes is just a simple formula that is equals to and the first cell address that is A2 and you can use an ENT sign now you can use the next cell reference that as B2 and then colon and the last C address that is E2 now press enter so when you press enter or tab you will get this particular answer but this data is completely uh in a state where you can’t understand it right the first name last name and the email ID has got combined all together so you want to use some spaces right so all you need to do is just make a little modification to this particular existing data so you can press another ENT and include spaces and then you can separate the email ID and the name with some colon so now we have separated the first first two cells that is the first name and the last name with the space using the ense and then again we have used an ampers to include the colon and see that we have also included a space between the colon marks that it gets separated cleanly and now let’s try to press Tab and see the result so there you go the first name and the second name is separated by space and the email ID and the complete name is separated by a colon now you can use this to all the cells and there you go all the first name last name and the email IDs have been printed here so that’s how you use the combin operation in Excel and you can see on my screen we have the sales data of one single employee in the month of January okay so this is the sales data of John in January sales now let us imagine that we have this same person’s or same John’s data of sales of all the three months okay so here we have the sales data of John for January February and March and you wanted to Club all these three months and write it down as quarter 1 right so let us try doing it now you can see that uh only January is replaced as quarter 1 and February and March are still uh remaining the same so let us try to delete them so we have deleted them and I think now it looks like uh this is a sales data of one single quarter that is quarter 1 but again quarter one is under column B and anyone who looks at it feels like a this data is of January February and March and all the quarter 1 details are only present in V column but C and D are completely you know different from this one right so you don’t want that kind of an on your uh you know the one who presenting to you so in those situations you want to merge all these three columns and make sure that the quarter one is present somewhere in between the cells so that all the data looks relevant and uh it it defines that these data elements belong to Coto one right so there is an option in Excel to do that so select all the cells that you want to merge and going to home button and in home button get into the alignment group and select merge and center so you can do it directly also you have a couple of more options that is merge and center merge across merge cells and unmerge so we’ll go through it one by one so first we’ll go through merge and center so there you go the cells Cod merged and it has been aligned into center now again if your manager or anyone Superior to you wants this to be you know independent like they want it to be in terms of January February and March so that they can have access to it in month-wise so you want to unmar it back right how to do that now so the same menu and select unmerge and there you go you have your data back in the original form again all you have to do is you know rename a few celles there you go and you have it back right so in a few situations okay you can also add the pters so that it looks more relevant now um you know let’s try to merge this again and merg in Center yeah now again uh let us imagine that you are going through an a pral cycle and you also wanted to add some comments about the sales happening in your company uh regarding uh all the employees right so also we have that here now let me expand a little bit Yeah there so again let’s margin center now uh you wanted to you know uh you wanted to take a review of your level one level two and level three managers so you have all the three um rows here but you can see the cells are not merged and uh you wanted to merge every single row so merging and centering everything rowwise would be a little time consuming I mean three columns is okay but what if you had like uh you had to take a review from a couple of more managers like 5 to 10 right or imagine you wanted to write some random comments apart from review you wanted to write some random comments based on month-wise uh sales or something like that so it would be timec consuming right so apart from that you have another option where you you

know select all the sales and come over here and select the option of merge across and all the sales will be merged all together at once and you will be having those individual rows where you can write down your reviews like review one and so on review two right so this is how the option of merge across works and we already have been through the merge and center and merge is completely similar to merge and center so this is how merge and center merge cells and uh merge across and unmerge cells in Excel now there are multiple ways to add dat to Excel spreadsheet for example equals to today this is a short cut method and you can enter done you will have today state but again there is some problem with this kind of approach so today’s date is 4th of September 2022 now if you open the same spreadsheet after today that is tomorrow or day after tomorrow then you will have a concurrent date that is 5th of September or 6th of September right the date will always vary or get updated according to time now you don’t want to change that that or you don’t want that to be happening with employee state of joining right it should be stagnant it should not vary right so there is another shortcut way apart from using the datetime functions there is a keyboard shortcut where you can add date to excel that is control semicolon so this is the shortcut way to add date to your Excel spreadsheet and this particular date will not change this will remain the same constant date throughout the time now there is a chance where you might also have to add time to your spreadsheet that is date of joining and time of joining right so there is another simple shortcut where you can add time by just pressing three keys that is holding control holding shift and pressing semicolon then you’ll have the time so this is how you can add date to your Excel spreadsheet and add time to your Excel spreadsheet and this date and time will remain constant it will not vary like the 2D function that we have used here so you can see on my screen we are on the Excel spreadsheet and on my spreadsheet you can see dates in column A and different formats in column C D E and F respectively Now by default the data type or the data present in the a column will be considered as general and there are a few situations where even if you try to format the date in your format like you know the customized format you may not be able to do it because it’s still under the general data type so for that for being on the safer side what we will do is select the data and navigate to the data toolbar and in that you have the text to columns option press that and remember to have the delimited icon you know you might be having the dash as your icon or slash as your icon for the delimited thing and select that and next next and here you can see right it’s in general mode so you can press on date and DMI will be a date format that is date month and year now click on finish so it’s been formatted now now let’s copy the same data and paste it in all the four formats so that we’ll see the different formats that we can change to or customize to right so there you go let’s expand the columns a little bit now we have day month and year so now you might want to change a couple of things right for example you wanted to change okay let’s see the menu so the way is to select the sales and right click and select the format sales option and in here you can see the date function and in here you can see different types of modifications that you can do to your data right so you might want to also change your dates based on the location so right now we are in India and imagine if you wanted to you know change something based on us or if you if you’re having your client in us and he wants the dates in US format it you can also change that so here you can see English United States and press on that press okay and you can see it’s been changed to us format where you have years in the first place months in the second place and dates in the last place right and now let us imagine that uh your client does not want the dates all he needs is just months right you can also do that get back to the format sales option go to custom and here instead of uh you know uh month date and year all you can do is just write down month and year and select okay so you’ll have only month and year not the dates now your client is being a little more you know he wants a little more detail and he wants you to add a lot of granularity to your data which includes day time Etc everything right so you can also do that so the same way go to format sales custom and here I think it’s in date itself so let’s navigate a little yeah here so you have the day date month and year press okay so there you go right so that’s how you can do it and now let’s try a little bit more if we have a few more options pending so go to format cells and custom and you also have timings so so here you have date month year and timings press okay and there you have all the timings as well so since these dates are you know I created them just a few moments ago to keep it simple so I did not have to add the diamonds here so if you are Keen about adding the timings you can also do that for example if you wanted to add the timings of the employees logged in and logged out you can also do that using the same format and you can see now we are on our Excel spreadsheet and you can see we have a column of date and on the column B we have age now how do you calculate the age using the date of birth so this is completely simple all you have to use is the dated IF function or if you also call it as date diff function based on your choice we also have a specific entire tutorial based on Dat diff in Excel for further information that video will be linked in the description box below you can go through it or you can use the end screens and ey Cuts linked to this video to get back to the tutorial based on date diff in x now let’s calculate the age of these dates or these people with these date of births so all you have to do is type equals to and type dated F and open a bracket we need three parameters here that is the date of birth that is the first parameter now the second one is the today function because you’re calculating the age of these people as per today right so we have a today function in Excel press on Tab to select it and give a close bracket now comma and if you wanted to calculate the age in terms of days you have to um you know give d as the input yeah here it should be D as the input and don’t forget to use the double codes here and if you use the single codes there might be an error so use double codes if you want it in the day SP you can give days and if you want it in months you can give months for now we want in ear so we will be giving y as the third parameter and press enter there you go you have the age here in 26 years you can drag the same function and you have the ages here as you wanted right so this is how you calculate age in Excel and on my Excel spreadsheet let me expand it we have two different timings that is in and out so here we are considering a scenario where we are calculating the total number of us worked by an employee in an organization so the in time will be the time where the employee logged in and the out time will be the time when the employee logged out so here we have made some minor cell formatting so when you right click on any of the cell you can get back to the formatting sales option and in that option we have selected the AM PM so there is also another option of choosing the 24hour timing that is 1320 uh 13:30 so this represents the 24-hour format but since we are you know working on Office timings let’s keep it as a PM okay so there you go so we have our uh timings of in and out now to calculate the time difference between the in time and outtime so this particular calculation is completely simple all you have to do is press equals to select outtime minus select in time so there you go press enter and you have the total number of asks the m has been working in your organization so here also we have made some minor cell formatting so usually it comes out as Am Pm right but instead of that we have made a minor cell formatting we have navigated into time and we have selected the 24hour formatting so that we have just hours in our output so that’s how we have calculated the time difference between two in times and out times of an employee using Excel now Dax and Excel is a sophisticated formulas type language that comes in handy while working with relational data and extracting information via Dynamic aggregation functions Dax in Excel stands for data analysis Expressions Dax functions are completely familiar to the general and default functions that are available in Excel now Dax allows users to perform slightly escalated and advanced and custom calculations upon various data types like character data date time time intelligence functions and many more and in Dax there are a variety of functions such as Dax table valued functions Dax filter functions Dax aggregation functions time intelligence functions date and time information time logical parent and many more now in today’s session we will look into one such type of Dax function in Excel that is Dax date and time function in Excel now without further Ado let’s get into practical mode and we have started our Microsoft X Excel inside Excel we have opened a new blank worksheet Now navigate to data option in the toolbar and in that go to the power pivot window now we have entered the power pivot window and inside that you can see the option of get external data click on that and you can see a variety of options that is you can get the external data from a database you can get from web servers that is from data service and you have also other forms of data sources and existing connections for now we will take other forms of data that is a Microsoft Excel data which is in our local system select next now provide the location of your folder just browse and we will select Dax employee data open and there you go we have our data connected to our powerpint window click on next and there you go you have the selected table and views click finish and you can see the data getting imported into your power window there you go by default if you want to add any tax related functions into your powerp window you’ll have an external added column over here which looks something like this if there is not an external column you can also add the column it’s not a big trouble now we have some data here that is the employee ID employee name designation of the employee Department of the employee salary and joining date Etc right let’s expand this View and see what’s what’s more in it so this column is the date of birth and this column is the employ joining date right now we have so much of data now let us imagine that we want to calculate the retirement age of all the employees so now let’s rename the column to retirement date so we have our new column that is retirement date now we will make use of Dax datetime functions to calculate the age and find out the exact retirement date of that particular employee so let us imagine that every employee will retire after the age of 65 so we have our date of birth of every employee and the joining date of every employee now we’ll come up with a da de time function and calculate the age and then we will find the retirement date of that employee now every Dax function starts with the same method or the same way as the simple Excel default method starts that is by starting with an equals to and then we will find eate eate and and now our first parameter that is the start date that is the employee uh the date where the employee joined the organization so our sheet name is sheet one now our joining date is in the F7 column select F7 press tab to select it and comma Now how many months so each and every year will have 12 months so 12 months into the age that is 65 Star 65 and now you can close the uh function and press enter and then you’ll find the retirement date of that particular employee so there you go so we have the employee dates that is Employee Retirement dates for all the employees so the first one that is Jack has the retirement date of 19 February 2085 and similarly Jennifer has her retirement date at 15th of August 2084 so that’s how we use the Dax functions in Excel so this is one of the several Dax functions in Excel that is Dax date and time functions in Excel so you can see that I’ve got some data which is first name of the employee last name of the employee and phone number and let us assume that uh your manager has given you a task to identify all those uh employees which did not give an phone number so you wanted to identify them using a check box right like you will be providing a check for all the employees that we have received the phone numbers and you will not be checking the employees which did not give the phone number right so let’s try to do that so to include a checkbox you might want to get into the developer option but for few reasons Microsoft has disabled developer option by default to enable developer option all you have to do is just navigate anywhere on the ribbon here and right click and then you can see customize the ribbon option when you click into it you will be redirected into the ribbon option and here you can see the developer option on the right side right this one so by default you can see that your developer option is not enabled to enable it you have to check in it and there you go you have it now so press okay and you’ll have the developer option now go to the developer option and select the insert option and there you can see the checkbox now draw the checkbox any I’ll draw it over here and there you go you have the first check box right now if you want you can even customize this so carefully click it you can edit the text and and write it as done okay now you can even copy this to all the cells just select and drag and there you go now you can go ahead and check all the employees which you have received the phone numbers and you can eliminate the ones which did not provide you with the phone numbers that’s how you can do it and there’s also another option where you can use this to include it in a formula since this data is only of 25 rows you can manually check in the data and you can leave the data which is you have not received but what if you you had 2500 right then you might need formula so in such scenarios you can use a formula so how do you use that so for example uh if this particular box is checked then you will get a True Value here and if it’s not check you will have a false value then you can use that Boolean value to include in your formula right sounds interesting now let’s try to implement that you can right click the cell and you can find format control then you can see here you have an option called cell link here select the cell link and press okay so here you can see if you have checked this the value is true and if you uncheck this you can see the value turned false now you can use this particular cell reference for including this in a formula now let us also check how to include checkboxes on Google Sheets in Google sheet it’s really simple all you have to do is get into the insert option and you can see readily available check boox you don’t have to use any developer options over here and there you go you can just check now let us assume that you’re giving an important presentation and you’re also requested by your manager to add the Excel document that you have used to create that particular report which would be something like this when you click on it it will open a new Excel document or Excel Window with all the data in it right so how do we do that let’s look at the demo now let’s have a blank slide and let’s get back to the source where our Excel file is located that is in my documents so we are currently in my documents and we have the Excel file which we used for creating that particular report now if we copy and try to paste it on our Excel document it would look something like this and clearly it’s not visible and it’s not accessible right so instead of this there is another way where you can directly add the Excel document in the form of logo which is a rather simple idea all you have to do is just click on the insert option in the toolbar then navigate to the text group and here you will find the option called object click on the object and it will give you a new window where you can identify which type of document or object you want to add either create or create from file so we have the file in our local system so we’ll choose create from file browse and from browse we will go into the documents section where we have our Excel file click on the Excel file and click on okay now if you want the data or Excel file to be displayed in the form of an icon then click on the display as icon section and here you can change the icon so you can choose any one of the given options let’s choose this particular one and and click on okay another okay and there you go the icon will be now displayed on your Microsoft PowerPoint PPD which is completely clickable as the previous one whenever you click on this the Excel document will be opened so that’s how you add Excel document into Microsoft PowerPoint now we are on our Excel spreadsheet and here I’m trying to insert some images onto my spreadsheet so here we have company logos and Company brand names so since we already have the brand names what we need to add here is the brand logos here so how do I add such kind of an image into an Excel spreadsheet that you might be thinking that Excel spreadsheets are just for data not multimedia image of files right so no it’s not it’s completely wrong you can also add your images onto your Excel spreadsheets it’s completely simple so click anywhere on the Excel spreadsheet navigate to the insert button select the illustrations option from the addin group click on that and you know in the drop down you can see the pictures icon or the pictures uh button click on that and select from this device or if you have an online stock image you can take that or you can also check out from online pictures for now I’ll select the device this device and here I have some images the images what we need are simply learn and simply code logos press okay or insert so so here you have them now you can also adjust the size of the image using the small buttons here PR it over here and done so you might be wondering is it all done is there anything more to do uh or just adding an imag is done no most of the times when you create or you work with Excel spreadsheet you will not just you know add some data and add a relevant image to it most of the time you add some graphs or you most of the time you’ll add some charts uh to showcase the data dashboard right so it will be something like this so this is how you add the image or graph onto your uh uh dashboard and sometimes you might not have enough play to uh display your entire dashboard during those situations what you do is you try to hide the row or column so now let’s try to hide this particular row let us imagine that you wanted to show only uh two uh charts and there is no space for your third chart in such scenarios you might want to hide or remove that third chart okay so let’s try to hide it and see if gets if it gets hidden or not when you try to hide it you can see the column A has no data and uh the row number four has been hidden so we have three and five but what about the image it is still present right so if you want to make sure that the row also hides the image then you might have to do a little formatting with it so select the image go to picture format or you can also right click and directly navigate to picture format this opens up a set of options and here you might want to go to the uh third uh one which is picture format third and select the properties and here select the option of move and size with cells so when you select this when you try to hide this it will also I mean the graph of the image will also hide along with the R so that’s how you do it so how to insert PDF in Excel now there are multiple ways to insert a PDF into Excel so we will go through a couple of ways first is here let us imagine that we wanted to insert some PowerPoint presentation in PDF format into our Excel sheet so that it belongs to excel Basics now click on the cell where you want to add the PDF or just click any cell in the Excel spreadsheet then go to the option of insert in the toolbar then navigate to text option click on it and select object and here you can select create from file and then you can can browse and here you have your Excel Basics PDF in my documents click on that select insert so here you can just press okay and the PDF will be inserted now you can minimize the size of PDF to fit the cell there you go the PDF code successfully inserted into your Excel spreadsheet now let’s discuss about the second way now the second way is completely same the only difference is you can add some logo to your PDF so you can see it has been added in direct form of a PDF like what’s the first slide of the PPD but instead of that if you wanted to highlight it as an icon then you can select the display as icon button here and press okay now you don’t have to reformat the size of your PPD or PDF all you have to do is add the logo to your PDF and it will also include the title so this is another way of adding you know PDF to your Excel sheet now another way so a few times you don’t want the first page of the uh PDF to be visible or any kind of logo of that PDF reader to be visible on your spreadsheet sometimes all you want is some dedicated image or a dedicated logo right so this time let’s try to add a dedicated image to our PDF so go to insert again here you can see the illustrations option click on picture and from this Dev device so I will select the simply larns logo and now you have to resize the logo a little bit to fit the cell there you go you can uh you know click on the right click button and and select the option of Link now um select the existing file or web page option so if you are interested to learn more on Hy Link in Excel we have a dedicated tutorial on that please go through hyperlinks in Excel by simply learn which will explain you everything about hyperlinks in Excel how to insert them different types of documents to be inserted and how it works in real time for now let’s try to insert the existing web page and go to documents navigate to documents and inside this you have the Excel basic PDF click on okay and it has been added to your image so when you click on it it will open the PDF document attached to it so when you hover over to the cell you can see it will ask you a permission do you want to continue or not just click on this ignore the warning so you can see the PDF has been successfully open convert PDF into Excel now to do this let’s get back to the Practical mode and try to convert some PDF data into Excel now you can see the PDF document which I’m looking to convert from PD PDF to excel so this particular PDF document has a table so this is the statewise GST collections that happened during March of 2020 now we need to convert this tabula data from PDF format to excel format now we are on the Microsoft Excel now to initiate the process we might want to choose a blank workbook for this so now we are on the blank workbook and the complete sheet is empty now let’s go into the data option in the toolbar and in the data option of the toolbar we have the ribbon of get and transform data in this ribbon you can see get data option select that and you can see various options here from file from database from Azure from other sources Etc now we need the first option that is from file and in that we have a drop- down and in that drop down you might to select the PDF if you have a Json file you can also choose from a Json and if you have the data from XML you can choose that and even you can extract the data from text or CSV as well now we need the PDF option so select the PDF Now navigate where your file is existing so my file is on the desktop and now let me select the PDF document select import now Excel will automatically analyze the tab data in the PDF format and give you the results now according to excel there are multiple table formats table one table two so basically this table is one and the same so all the 29 states are fixed in one table itself but since the PDF is divided in sheets this particular document is considering the first table as a separate table and the table which is present in the third page as a separate table so we have table one table to and there are a few more tables which Excel is assuming that it might be table but it’s not and another table which is page number 002 it is a table and another one is right here now there is an option of selecting all the tables all together at once or you can select only one table which you want to select so if you select multiple items Excel will automatically give you an option of choosing your tables you can just take and select the tables you want or you can directly select the table you want on your Excel sheet so right now let’s try to select multiple tables so I’ll be selecting 1 2 4 and five and this particular one is not a table so I’m eliminating that now you might want to choose the load option so Excel is now loading the data now all the data has been successfully loaded now yeah it is giving us a notification that all the data has been successfully loaded and now just right click on it and here choose the option load to and here select table option and if you want the data to be uh you know loaded to a new worksheet you can choose that and select okay now you can see all the data is been successfully loaded in the form of tabula format in the new Excel sheet similarly let’s try to load another page in the table format new worksheet select okay and the third sheet now get ready to impress your boss by converting all the PDF data into Excel sheet just in a matter of few seconds with few steps and there you go all the four tables have been loaded successfully in the form of excel in just a few steps now this is how you convert PDF to excel that is how to add tick mark in Excel now on my spreadsheet you can see some employee data so they’ve been assigned a task and they want to update the task status as done and not done using symbolic statements that is tick mark and into marks now how to do that it is really simple we’ll discuss two different ways the first way is to do it by conditional formatting so click a sell on the task status go to conditional formatting click on the new rule yes of course we can use the icon settings but we want to automate it so click on the new rule right so here instead of two color scale select icon sets now go to the settings here we don’t want the third set sy so select no cell icon and here instead of percentage number formula let’s add just a simple number and the second one as well just a simple number now in the icon settings select tich Mark you have various types of them you know the circular Tech Mark and let’s select the generic tick mark without any outer circles and into here generic X Mark and now let’s set the values when the value is greater than zero it will be green and when the value is less than or equal to zero it will will be X and the reference value is zero and here also the reference value is zero everything is okay click on okay and done and here you cannot see the logos yet we need to add some formula here which is equals to if click on Tab to select the symbol and if Cell address C2 is equals to done then the value should be one else the value should be zero close the bracket enter right now you can see this particular logo here now drag the same formula it’s done now you can see we do have numbers you can eliminate those numbers as well just edit the rules and here you can see show icon only click okay and the numbers will be removed also edit the second one and there you go the numbers are gone and only the symbols remain now what is the second technique the second technique is available in the developer options you can activated by you know uh going into the options here go to file and here go to options and here go to Advanced customized ribon and in here on the right hand side you will get developer options click on the tick box and it will be enabled now go into developer options and click into insert menu click on the form controls or active X controls select the checkbox and now just place it over here you know you can edit this particular checkbox delete everything drag it as checkbox as well now you can drag the same cell across all the functions and you will have the checkbox as well now you can click on it and say if it’s done or not that is how to add Watermark to excel now on my sheet you can see some data so here we wanted to add some Watermark logo to your uh Excel spreadsheet so that it looks genu and work by you right so that’s the overall idea of adding a watermark now go to the insert window and in the insert window go to the text option click on that select header and footer once you select header and footer you can see something on your screen like this so in this box which is highlighted by a cursor is where you’re going to add the picture on my top in the menu bar you can see header and footer elements in this select the picture element and it will navigate to you to a different option window since we are adding the image from our local system select from file or if you are adding from your Bing or any search window you can also add that or one drive as well but now let’s go with from file it will directly navigate you to the pictures folder in your local system so here is my SARS logo click on it and select insert now you can see the images added in this format which is ENT and picture and you might wonder where is the picture it is actually present to view it click on any cell in the spreadsheet and there you go you can see it now you might be wondering the image is a little towards top and abnormally placed right so no worries you can always you know format your picture just press enter and use enter to move your picture towards the center of your data spreadsheet and also there is another option of format picture alog together here you can adjust the height and width of your image by you know increasing and decreasing width or increasing and decreasing height using the arrow marks also works and apart from this there is another option of picture formatting where you can choose your image to be washing out black and white gray scale or anything so currently I’m going with automatic which will automatically adjust the brightness and you know everything for your image it looks perfectly fine so click on okay and there you go right so now this should be fine right now everything is done and everything is automatically saved if you are having that auto save option on your spreadsheet and let’s go back to the normal view from the header and footer view click on The View and go to normal you might be confused right where is the logo it vanish did I had to save it no it’s already saved everything is fine even the image is there but you cannot see it in normal view to see it click on file click on print then you can see the logo it will be present only on the printed Pages not on the normal view okay so that’s how you work with watermarks in Excel and that’s how you can add and customize your watermarks using Excel how to modify or increase cell size in Excel now most of you might probably want to increase just the cell SI you know just to increase the visibility of the text so one of the easiest way is just to press on the plus icon on the bottom right corner of your Excel spreadsheet so this will automatically I Ally increase the text size and you can see the text more clearly now apart from that if it’s just not that what you want to do you can also modify by hovering over to the line between two columns and right click which will give you the option of format cells or column width so either of these options will help you to maximize or minimize your column width similarly you can apply the same idea for your rows as well so you can either format the cells or modify the row height of your cell and this is another way and another simple way is to just hold that line and drag it so it improves your width of the column and another way is to just over onto that line and hold it and drag it to improvise or increase your width of the cell and same applies to your row so this is another way so apart from that there is another way that is format cells from this particular option in the home button you can select this and here you have the row height autofit row height column width autofit column width for example let us imagine that you wanted to you know just by mistake you U you increase the sell size and you wanted to restore it back to the original thing right so you can just click on the autoit height and click on the autoit column width there you go it happens in that way and now coming back to another s way let us imagine that you are given a lot of data and you are told to autoit all the rows and columns now we have already seen the format cell option where you will autof fit all the columns and width of the column and also the height of the rows Etc right but there is also a keyboard shortcut to do this so all you have to do is select a cell and press CR a to select all the cells in the spreadsheet and once all the cells are selected all you have to do is press hold ALT key and then release it then the combination of keys that is h o i so your column width has been now adjusted now the same formula or the same shortcut key with a small modification press and hold and release ALT key now h o and a to adjust the row height so this is the way where you can increase or decrease or modify or autofit all the cells in Excel now you can see that we have the First Column that is a column and the first set of that is text and all the other cells are numbers but as a whole Excel considers the whole column as a general data format so why are we discussing about this so to create a barcode in Excel you have to make sure that all the elements in the column are of Text data type so the first step is to convert this General data type to Text data type so you can do that by going into the data type and selecting text and now all the elements in your first column A are type text now the next step is to convert these elements into barcode now for that let’s create a new column called barcode now our new column that is barcode has been created now the next step would be is to check for the barcode font so the barcode font looks something like this but let me remind you the barcode font in Excel is not available by default don’t worry if it’s not available we can download it from open source so let’s go back to Google so on the Google you want to search uh for barcode font for Excel so the one that I would recommend is three of9 barcode font now you can download this font by just clicking on the download button over here now I’ve already downloaded this font on my local system let’s now try to install that now the three of9 barcode folder will come in the form of zip folder you have to unzip that and after unzipping you’ll get the setup file which looks something like this which is three of9 new select that that and you’ll be having the installer file over here you can install by selecting the install button over here so I have already installed it in my local system so it is readily available for me on my Microsoft Excel now we might want to create the barcode for this particular cell in A2 so let’s create that so to create a barcode we need to write in a formula that is equals to double codes star double codes and ENT symbol address of the cell that is A2 another erson symbol again double codes star symbol and double codes so you can either use this or instead of star you can use brackets as well so let’s try brackets now select enter now this will generate another type of code in your resultant cell now we will change the font for this particular resultant cell and we will get our barcode now you can just drag all the cells so that you can apply the formula to all the codes now I got all the codes over here now select all the cells get into the fonts and here select the barcode font and there you go you have the barcode for all the numbers you have in your column A so that’s how you create barcode in Excel Excel flashfill is a feature of Microsoft Excel where Excel can sense a pattern in a cell and apply the same logic to extract the similar resultant pattern out of the remaining cells in a table might be a little confusing right so let us simplify it so let us imagine that you have a text in one of the cells in the Excel sheet and you want it to trim a part of that text for example let us imagine that there is an assembly an assembly where the car parts are assembled together to finish a car so each and every part has a code the serial number the product code and the code Etc right and you wanted to separate all those three if you wanted to do that you might want to use the trim function which might be a little tedious to apply to all the cells but what if if I say there is a simple key format using which you can fill all the columns in the Excel sheet within a fraction of second sounds interesting right so that’s exactly the flashfill function in Excel does now before we get started let me tell you guys that we have daily updates on multiple Technologies if you’re a tech geek in a continuous hunt for latest technological Trends then consider getting subscribed to our YouTube channel and don’t forget to hit that Bell icon to never miss an update from Simply now without further Ado let’s get started with the Flash Fill in Excel for that we might want to start the Excel to get in the Practical mode now we are on the Microsoft Excel and remember the example we discussed so this is a similar example now the first column in the sheet is the product detail so this product detail consists of the product code that is 112 next we have the product serial number that is 1 025 637 and lastly the assembly code that is as snx now we want to separate this product detail into three columns where we have the First Column to be storing the product code second one to be storing the product serial number and the last one to be storing the assembly code so now if you want to do that using trim function you might want to apply the trim function here and trim out the left part and again for the product serial number you might want to use certain function again which might go into a little complicated pattern So to avoid the complications and and decrease the time spent we might want to use the Flash Fill in Excel now let us help Excel about the pattern that we might want to generate so the pattern is one12 and the next one is 322 so now you can see that the text was highlighted that was the intimation from the Excel that it understood the pattern now going into the NEX Cel and holding the control key and pressing the e button will help us to fill the remaining cells in the column B so that’s how it is done and similarly let’s try out for the serial number for that the serial number is one2 5 637 now in the next cell we have 13 6582 now we can go to the third cell and press CR e for Windows and if you’re using a Mac operating system then you have to press command e and all the serial numbers will be filled so this will reduce the time in separating the pattern and filling the columns now let’s try the last column that is as SX which happens to the assembly code next we have FG and V now the shortcut method that is contr e and there you go now you might be wondering will it work only for numbers etc etc or the text which is properly aligned or separated using a hyphen no it can also be used for some random text which is like this so let us imagine that we have a text which is of length like 20 or 30 and you wanted to print only a part of it so here I’m going to print the alphabets from position fourth to position 8th so I’ve already tried the first one that is taking out the alphabets from fourth location to the eighth location or the pattern of the text that is i f e from Jennifer Lopez and in the next cell we have the numbers starting from the location 4 to 8 so that is 7767 and similarly we have the other cells consisting of the names of few cars that is Alpha Romeo Bugatti Von and next we have Superman Returns text so now let’s press the shortcut key that is contr e and make sure that all the remaining cells are filled so that’s how the Flash Fill works so the Flash Fill in Excel will reduce the time consumed to fill all the columns by separating the text in your main cell that is the column A which we have here in this example and it also reduces the complexity of using a trim function in Excel as hyperlinks in Excel now hyperlink is something which is clickable and when you click on it it will redirect you to a different web page to a different worksheet or a different location in your local system so there are a variety of options and we will explore all of them using Excel now creating a hyperlink is really simple we have multiple ways now let’s write some text on the Excel worksheet I’ll write Simply longan Now creating a hyperlink is really simple you have multiple ways the first simplest shortcut is clicking on the cell where you want to place the hyperlink and holding control key and pressing K now this will enable the hyperlink menu box or the dialog box this is the first way and let me close it now again we have selected the cell there is another option where you have to click on the insert menu on the toolbar and navigate to Links group click on the link option and you will again have the dialog box of the hyperlink and Excel and the Third Way is right click on the cell and you can see the link option in the last and this will enable the hyperlink option in Excel now let’s create a hyperlink the simplest way again control K now we have a variety of options that is existing file or web page place in this document create a new document and an email address so we will address all of these one at each time so first one existing file or a web page now you can select an existing PDF file or any file in your local system and hyperlink or create a hyperlink to the text or you can select a website link and place it over here and create it as a hyperlink Let’s uh explore both the options first let’s try to explore the web page option so since I’ve have written as simply learn let’s use the website link of Simply learn and create a hyperlink let me open Google new tab and let me type simply learn.com let me copy the hyperlink and now let’s get back to the Excel workbook now here let’s place the hyperlink now you can press okay and there you go the hyperlink has been successfully created now this link is clickable when you click on it it will redirect you to a new simply learns home web page right so this is how you create a hyperlink to a website now we shall explore another option that is using an existing file right let’s create a new text box here let’s name it as existing file and okay existing file should be good again the same you can either click uh you know right click and select hyperlink or control ke now let’s select existing file or web page option now here you can see navigate key press on that and let’s navigate our files let’s select all files you here remember to select all files okay by default it shows as office files now let’s explore our file option so let’s select uh fundamentals of computer programming option which is a PDF file press okay and there you go we have created a hyperlink so when I click on this you can directly navigate to an existing PDF file in your local system and it will be open as a web page click on it and you can see the PDF file now close now another thing when you navigate on to this you’ll see the lengthier HTTP uh address and same happens here right so if you’re a little uncomfortable watching this lengthier link you can also edit it you can choose the option of edit hyperlink and see the screen dip option click on it and here you can change the text display option and write it as click here to know more press okay again press okay and now if you navigate onto it instead of seeing a lenia hyper link what you can see is click here to know more okay I think I made a spelling mistake so I think I forgot an e somewhere over here yes click here to know more and press okay right so here you can see click here to know more let’s try this again over here so edit edit hyperlink screen tap option and instead of the lender text box or hyperlink you can write as click to open notes or PDF click okay and click another okay and you are done so instead of seeing that lengthier hyperlink you can see click here to open PDF right so so far we have explored two options that is existing file and existing web page right now let’s try to explore another option again uh hyper link right click hyperlink and here you have seen places in document all right so which is like uh okay let me show this to you instead of telling you so here what it is doing is you have the cell A5 and you want it to refer to A1 or any other cell in the same worksheet so you can do that right so now for your reference let me cancel it and let me create a new sheet and here navigate me to here right let me write as navigate me to here okay so now what we will do is so here we will create that navigate link from using the hyp link option place this in this document you can see the sheet to option and the cell reference is A1 where we have written navigate me to here so when I click this A5 cell okay let me also rename it write it as navigate cell navigating cell right now create that control K let me select sheet two and the S address is A1 press okay now what did uh what What’s the change right when you click on this you will be redirected to sheet to cell A1 navigate me to here right so this can be like a shortcut when you have multiple sheets like 100 sheets then you can uh you know have a a different column over here and uh add the navigation address to all those cell links you can just click on that cell and go into the different sheet and to the specific cell which you have given the address in our case I have given sheet to address cell A1 right so this is another trick now let’s get back to the hyperlink thing again uh control K and another option is create new document so you might have been through you know option of uh having what’s say some cheat sheets or uh clip on clip boats right so uh let us imagine that you’re working through uh a huge worksheet and uh you wanted to you know uh have a a track of everything and keep notes updating right so it might be a little complicated to understand so let me show it practically so let me write it down as clipboard or sticky note right okay I think this has a hyper letter us okay this can be used no worries back to uh hyperlink option again create new document now here you can create a variety of uh documents right so it can be a text document it can be an Excel doc document it can be a PDF document right for now we’ll create a text document okay uh we’ll name it as uh tracker. txt so this should create as a text document and the location can be anything so you can you know uh take it as a desktop documents download so let me take documents here and select okay so I’ll be having the tracker. txt located in the documents folder and uh you can also choose to edit the document later or edit the document now let us select edit the document now press okay and there you go so you have your text tracker here so let us imagine that we have worked on the Excel sheet and we wanted to write on us a sticky note uh so that we can remember what we have done on the Excel sheet so update one and uh update two now you can close it so ask for a save option save it and done and let us imagine that you did something else and you also updated something else on the sticky note I mean Excel sheet and you wanted to update that on your sticky note so click on it and you’ll see a minor notice over here from Microsoft Excel based on potential security concerns you can select yes and you’ll be having access to your text document again and write down your update again here update three what you have written right the latest update what you have and you can save it and close so that’s how you keep track of your sticky note and you’ll have all your updates right now getting back to the hyperlinks again uh the last one is email address so you can also try to add uh okay let’s imagine that you’re working with a colleague and every time you make an update in your Excel sheet or anything and you wanted to send him out an email right so it would be a little timec consuming that you open your email and uh compose something and send it over here but what if you had a one single click and access to the email compose option right that can be done so let us write down email c b me with the spelling so again the control K and hyperlink select email option and you can write down your email which can be anything so you can write down your friend’s email address so I’m just writing down some random email here friend gmail.com and can write the subject about update and press okay this will navigate you to the Gmail option or the mailing address options click on it and you’ll have a variety of mailing options Outlook Office 365 Yahoo iCloud Google Etc so you can select any one of those since we have written as gmail.com we’ll navigate to Gmail and all you have to do is login you know all the formalities and you’re good to go with emailing so let’s skip this for now so you you know how to do the rest parts so so far we have uh you know covered all the hyperlink options in Excel that is existing file or a web page place this in the current executing worksheet or document creating a new document for your update thing and uh also including the email right so so far we have covered everything around hyperlink and Excel and if you have anything to know more about or if you feel that we have missed out anything important regarding hyperlink in Excel you can feel free to let us know round by formula in Excel now for this particular tutorial we will be using the student data set now let’s get back to the Practical mode and start our Microsoft Excel now we are in the Microsoft Excel and as you can see on my sheet okay let me expand this so as you can see on my screen we have the data set belonging to students so we have 10 students and every one of them has name role number class blood group and marks Etc and at the end we have the percentage and as you can see we have the percentage in terms of float values and we have a lot of decimal values like eight and above so what if you wanted to just have one or two digits after the actual percentage like 80.6 or 8.66 right it would be a little bit more or good to read right so that’s what a roundoff actually means so now let’s work on having rounded off values for the percentage now let’s create a new column let’s name it as um round of percentage great so to actually perform the roundoff uh formula we do have a pre method for that for that you just have to type in equals to round and there you go we have round up and round down so both of them perform the same operation let’s select a round up and this is the m column and the row number is three so we’ll have to press M3 and the number of values after the decimal point for now let’s select um one and there you go press enter and the value should be rounded off now 80. 66 is being rounded off to 80.7 now when you drag the cell to the all the rules then you can see all the values will be rounded off here you can see 75.1 16 has been rounded off to 75.2 and 82.3 3 has been rounded off to 82.4 so we end up with having rounded off so first we will understand what exactly is standard deviation so standard deviation is a calculated square of variance now what is variance okay nothing to worry let us also understand what is variance now the next part variance so what is variance variance is a measure of variability it is calculated by taking the average of squared deviation from the mean now what are deviations so slowly you can understand that we’re getting into the topic of statistics and graphs so uh before getting deep into it let’s understand what is deviation so the deviation is a measure that is used to find the difference between the observed value and the expected value of a variable in simple terms deviation is the distance from the center point so for example when you are going through a graph so you will be expecting some value right and if you get some difference that is above or below the expected point that is called the devision what is the difference between the expected point and the obtained point so that is the deviation now next is the observed value so the observed value is the value that you get in real time unlike the predicted value so now you might be thinking to calculate standard deviation we might need a few more parameters and you’re exactly right so to calculate standard deviation in Excel you need variance and then you need deviation and then you need mean right so all these parameters are supposed to be calculated first and then you will be having the final formula to calculate standard TV now that we understood the theoretical and formula based explanation about standard deviation it’s time we calculate the standard deviation using one of the most popular business intelligence tool that is Microsoft Excel so let’s get back to the Practical mode so now we are on the Practical mode and we have some sample data on my screen right now let me expand it a little bit yeah there you go so as discussed before to calculate standard deviation we might require the mean variance deviation and deviation squared and then we can calculate the standard deviation so let’s go step by step so the first one is calculating sum right right so to calculate average we might need some of all the scores so we have the index values that is 1 to 10 and scores of each index value that is 1 to 10 right now let’s calculate the sum of all values here press tab to select the function select and drag these cells press enter and then you have the scores now you want number of indexes so clearly you can see we have 10 but still let’s count them C N tab space to select and and select the number of cells press enter and you have count now what’s the mean so mean is simply the average of all the numbers right so you can either divide the sum by count or you can simply use the average function so let’s try to use the average function so that we also have an idea of how the average function Works press tab to selected and select all the cells press enter now you have the average or mean value now we have the mean value and now after finding the mean value we are supposed to find out the deviation so remember the deviation that is the difference between the obtained value and the predicted value right so the obtained value is this one which is here in C2 and the predicted value is this one that is 82.6 that’s our mean right according to formula we supposed to eliminate the value of obtained minus the mean right so select uh the cell equals to C2 minus the obtained value that is mean now press F4 to freeze the value and now press enter so that you can freeze the value and drag the formula across all the sets now you have the deviation right now the next step is to find the sum of all the deviation numbers so either you can apply the sum formula to all these numbers or you can just drag this cell over here and the formula will be automatically copied now similarly the count function to count all the values that us drag it and you’ll have it over here right now the next step is to find out the square deviations or the square of the deviations which is really simple all you have to do is equals to select the cell and uh see that small hat kind of logo on the number six use that now into two press enter you have the square similarly drag the same formula across all the cells and you’ll have your squared numbers similarly drag this summation function over here so you’ll have the sum of this and the count number as well now comes the final formula now we have the mean value that is over here let’s color it and we have the variation Square now that is which is this one let’s color it in a different shape and we have deviation as well let’s color it in a different shap now we need to find the variance and after we find the variance the last step is to count the standard deviation or calculate the standard deviation so what is the formula to calculate the variance so for variance you need the sum of deviation Square divided by total number of values minus 1 press enter and that’s your variance now the standard deviation so the standard deviation is really simple you need to calculate the variance to the power of5 and that’s your standard deviation so that’s how you calculate standard deviation in Excel I hope all the formulas and the explanation was clear so you can see that we have got started with Microsoft Excel and on the left hand side we have a simple table with all the teams in an IT industry starting from it admin testing development to client consultant support we have got everything in this particular table now our main idea is to find out the index of these particular elements for example if you wanted to find the index of the element marketing then how could you do it so here let’s try to use the match function in Excel for that we want look up value and position so on the right hand side you can see that I’ve created two separate columns as lookup value and positions so in the lookup value column we will be inserting the value of which you want to find the index now for example let us consider that we want find the index value of Team marketing so I’ll be writing Marketing in this particular lookup value now how to find the index value of the element marketing for that we will be using the match function in Excel now after writing the match function you can see that it is asking for three different parameters so the first one is the lookup value second is the lookup array and lastly we have match type so lookup value is the value of which you are trying to find the index that is marketing this particular cell so we have selected the lookup value which is the first one next we have to select the lookup array that is from which set of elements you want to find the index so the set of elements are this it admin testing the column which we have created the the a column now we have selected the lookup array and lastly the match type is it you’re looking for less than or is it you’re looking for exact match or is it greater than match so for now I want exact match so I will be selecting the exact match that is zero now there you go you have the exact index of the element that is five now we have selected all the 10 teams starting from it1 admin 2 testing three development for marketing five so that’s how you find the index of a selected element in Excel now we just have like 10 elements so we have got the uh writing of the elements or you know uh choosing the elements in a easy way but what if if you had like 100 elements right could be a little different okay so let me put it simple now you wanted to find the the index value of Finance so right now we have marketing and you wanted to type in finance and you missed out a letter A okay now you’re not finding the right index to avoid such problems you can always take the help of data validation in Excel that is using the list in data validation in Excel you can see a small drop- down icon here right you can choose that and here you can see all the tees that we have created in the left column right so here I can scroll down and choose the finance and there you go I have the index value okay again we need to copy paste the same match function in Excel over here equals to match look up value look up array and exact match so there you go that’s how you make use of data validation in Excel and using the list you can comprehend all the list elements in this particular column into the list of data validation and you can choose the team whichever you want to find the index for so this is how you can make use of match function in Excel or index match function in Excel to sort data in Excel so on my spread sheeet you can see some employee data and on the column f and g you can see employee date of birth and employee date of joining for example you wanted to sort the employee data in the form of earliest joining employee and the latest joining employee right that is who is the employee who joined first to this company and who is the employee who joined last to this company so for that you just need to select the column of date so let’s select both the columns and go to home and check or verify if the data type is date or not so generally the data type will be set to General by default by Excel so we need to make sure that we have the proper data type which is State now that we have the proper data type select the entire column and go to the data option and here select the sort option and in the sort option select the expand selection click on sort and here sort by employee data joining and oldest to newest that’s what we wanted the oldest employee or the you can also set it to the newest employee to oldest according to your requirement but we’ll go to oldest to newest according to the case study right now just click on okay and that should be done so Emily who’s a manager is the oldest employee who joined the company and Chris who is A traine in it support is the latest employee who joined the company now that’s how you sort date in now on my screen you can see the sales of four quarters from different regions that is east west south north and Central now you might want to calculate the sum of sales happened from all the regions in q1 or you might want to calculate the sum of sales happened in one region of all the four quarters that is either you want to calculate the sum of all the regions from quarter 1 or you might want to calculate the sum of all the quarters in one region right so to do this you have some simple functions in Excel so you might say me you have some function Etc right

for that you might want to go into the you know equals to mode and fetch some option and subtotal or some you have to select the function from here but what if I tell you that there is one simple easy shortcut where you just have to make one single click and you’ll have all the Su right so that seems interesting so on the top in the home bar select home and in on the top right corner you have the editing group in editing group you have aggregation function that is summation so you have different aggregations here some average count numbers maximum minimum more functions here you might want to select the sum and you can get all the sumission numbers here so I’ll select one cell so the second query where we wanted to calculate the sum of all the sales happened in each region with all the quarters included that is this one C2 to F2 right so let us select G2 and select the auto sum option and here it will automatically select the range for you that is C2 to FS2 if you want to change it can also you know change it like minimize the number if you just wanted to calculate the sum of three quarters you can do that so now we want four quarters so select enter and there you go you have all the sales of all the four quarters of each east region now if you simply drag it you will have the sum of all the four quarters of all different regions now let us calculate the summation of q1 of all the regions that is this one Select Auto Sun and it will automatically select all the cells for you that is from C2 to C6 right press enter and you’ll have the summation similarly you can you know drag it and you have the numbers here of all the Q2 sales of all the regions Q3 sales of all region and Q4 sales of all region now let us try to change the color that you can have a reference that is it’s different it’s it’s a total sum or right you just have a reference to identify it now similarly to this one as well so that’s how you implement Auto sum in Excel now we are on the Excel spreadsheet so you can see that I have five different sheets of the same data so why do we have that so I’ll be explaining you how to sort data for multiple parameters so firstly we will try to sort data in the form of numbers right so let us imagine that this data is being shared with you by your manager and he wants you to sort this data based on the salary numbers so so he wants you to arrange the data in the form of ascending order or descending order maybe which will help him find the employee with the highest salary right so how could you do that so it’s really simple you could sort the entire data just within a few clicks so how would you do that so since you’re focusing on salary select any sell from the salary column only right select this particular column and select any sell in the salary column get into the s filter options and here select this sort of arrangement you need that is largest to smallest or the smallest to largest since the problem statement was to find the highest salary click on largest to smallest and there you go so you have Tony and the designation is senior and he works in it support and he draws the highest salary of 80,000 right and there’s also another one which is Peppa and she works for the analytics team and now the next sheet let’s get into the sheet two and this time let us imagine that you wanted to you know uh arrange or sort the data based on the employe date of joining or date of birth right again if you wanted to arrange the data in which you find the youngest employee or the oldest employee of the organization you can do that click on any cell in the date of birth column and go back to the sort and filter and here you will be seeing the options sort oldest to the newest or the sort the data from newest to the oldest so since we want the oldest employee select oldest to newest and there you go so the oldest employee is Alfred who is an associate designation employee and he works in the admin department and he’s drawing the salary of 25,000 so that’s how you can sort the data when you are trying to sort the data based on date wise so first we try to sort the data on the number wise so you can apply the same for your employee ID salary and if there is any possibility you can do that as well and if you want to apply the same sorting based on dates you can do that as well using the Sorting function in the same way now let’s get back onto the third sheet and here now uh single column wise is perfectly fine there is no issues with that now you want it to you know uh let us imagine that you have two columns okay let’s eliminate a few columns here maybe we can eliminate the employee ID and uh okay let’s keep a few columns so we’ll just keep employee name and employee salary okay so here we are trying to demonstrate if you are uh trying to sort the data using one cell in the column B will it maintain its relationship with the cell a okay uh that’s our query right so let’s see I’ll go a little detail so let us imagine that you wanted to sort this data based on highest salary okay so when you do that will it also impact the cells in the column A so it will basically impact but just uh it’s a query right any of you viewers might have that query will I uh if in case if I try to sort the data based on this will it affect the cells on the rest of the data set okay so in basically it will impact so I’ll try to you know sort the data based on ascending order so this is the smallest to largest and you can see uh the Tony and pepper so since I selected the cell in the column B it also impacted the change on the cells of column A so that’s how the Sorting works now we’ll get to a little Advanced um sorting techniques so here we try to I mean already we try to sort the data based on numbers based on alphabets based on U you know uh date date of birth right so I think we forgot the uh ascending or you know sorting based on alphabets let’s do that as well select any um cell in the column A and go to S filter try selecting a to z or okay let’s try to Z to A okay so here you can see the U names have been sorted based on the descending order from Zed to a right so so far we tried on alphabets so far we tried on numbers date of birth and a couple of more things so let’s dig a little deeper and try to sort based on colors right so for that you don’t uh you know find that uh extra setting here in the regular sortant filter so you might want to get into the data option and here you’ll find another sort function which is a little advaned so that’s how you do it so since we have colored in the cell or column of salary select that salary and we’re going with cell value so in the cell values section select the cell color and and here on the cell color options you’ll have green blue and yellow that’s what we have used in our um cells so let’s keep Green in the first position which is on top and press okay now you’ll see green has been sorted to the first position now yellow and blue are left out so why is that so because you didn’t provide it right so you can do what that as well I mean you can always add uh the setting to it right select any cell go to sort and and add a level and then again select the salary and sell values to cell colors and now the cell color in the second position would be blue and that will be on bottom and I can add another level the same salary the cell values will be cell color and uh cell yellow will be somewhere in between or bottom okay so based on hierarch key uh it will be selecting press okay and there you go so you have sell yellow and blue at the bottom and green at the top position as for your suggestions now we are on the last sheet so here in this last sheet we are going to you know um dig a little deeper into the advanced sorting methods so previously we tried to apply the advanc Sorting methods for colors now we’ll try to apply the advanced sorting methods based on the data set we have here I mean the data we have in our data set right so select the sort option and let’s add a few details right so firstly let’s sort the column employee ID okay so let’s have the smallest to largest or yeah now that would be good now let’s add another level where we will sort okay uh I think we will sort based on employee name that would be a little better so let’s try to uh sort it on employee name here and here will be employee salary okay now the sell values and this would be from a to zed and the salaries will be from smallest to largest so basically what we are trying to do is we are trying to sort the employee list based on employee names from A to Z so the employees name starting from a to zed will be ordered first and another subset of the Sorting will be done based on highest salaries that is smallest to highest so let us imagine that we have three employees with Nam starting from a and their salaries are 10,000 20,000 and 30,000 so how would it sort so it will sort basically uh in the alphabetical order first so first three names will be sorted and then it will also have another condition to sort the data we keeping the lowest salary on top and highest salary in the last right so uh this is how the algorithm works for sorting now let’s press okay and see the output so there you go the names are Alfred and you have the highest salary here smallest to highest so this is 25,000 next we have Banner Barnes and Ben so here you might be seeing why we have Ben in the third position despite he has a low salary and name starts with B right so here it is trying to work based on the alphabets in the order right so B A and B E it’s not just comparing the first letter it’s also comparing the following letters as well right so n comes first R comes later so B is pushed to the second position a comes first and E comes later so B A letters r pushed to the first position and Ben is pushed to the third position so that’s how it works right so accordingly the set for BA is created here 3540 next Ben 12 and next you have Bobby Brian Brock Chris clar right so that’s how the data has been organized and sorted based on multiple levels of parameters you provide for sorting so that’s how you use sorting in Excel slicers and filters in Excel so slicers in Excel are software filters used along with Excel tables or Excel pivot tables over a large amount of data not just filtering out data but slices also help you with an easy understanding of the information being extracted and displayed on the screen now Microsoft Excel slices are compatible with Windows and Mac and tou operating systems now let us understand how to implement slicers in Excel so for that we might want to get back to the Practical mode that is starting our Microsoft Excel now we are on our Excel sheet and as you can see on my screen there is some data available on the Excel spreadsheet and this table is not just any table this table from Microsoft Excel is been converted into an actual table as you know by default Excel considers all the data which has been inserted into the spreadsheet as a database and to implement this sense in Excel we might want to create or convert the format of database into a normal table for that you can select all your data and just press contrl T and that will allow you an option called convert the data into table now since this table is is already converted as a table we can directly start implementing or inserting slices into the spreadsheet now for that select all your data then going to the insert option and in the insert ribbon you can see the filters group and in the filters group select the option called slicer now you will be provided with multiple options since we have the columns employee ID employee name Zone designation Department salary employees date of birth and employees date of joining so we can choose any of the options available according to our columns and create the slices now let me select the first one that is Zone next designation department and let’s also select employee name now press okay and there you go we have our slices now let us try to rearrange these slices all you can do is just select and drag them up and done now let us imagine that we want to see or take a look at the employees who are working in the Easter Zone then we have all the information displayed on the screen who are working in the East Zone they are Jack Tony bner Fred Etc and their Department designation etc etc all on one single screen so this really helps you while you’re presenting your data in a presentation now for a change let’s try to select the department now if your client wants to select the data from only analytics Department then you might want to select on the analytics key on the department SL ISO and there you go you have an employee called Luke hops who works in the East Zone and his department is analytics and his designation is contract based and the salary he is getting is 65,000 now similarly uh you can see that we have only selected analytics and your client also wants data from itop now you can see that analytics is gone but what if you want both analytics and it support then you have an option called select multiple then you can select analytics and it support and if you want HR you can also do that and in the zone if you want West along with East then you can do the same east and west and you have all the employee details and in the designation let’s try to select U senior traine okay select multiple senior traine and manager so that’s how you do it so that’s how it’s done and that’s how you implement slicers in Excel to simplify the filtering options using slicers during a presentation it is really simple to add filters in Excel so we are on a practical mode right now so on my screen you can see an Excel spreadsheet of sales data so here you have various columns regions category state subcategory sales quantity and much more right so now let us imagine that we want to add filters on the region part so we have south west east Etc right so we want to you know let us imagine that you want to extract the data of only vest region and you wanted a filter so doing it manually could take a lot of time so using filters will be helpful now select one cell on the headers part and select the filter option in the data toolbar you can see the data option on the toolbar right so click on the data option and navigate to sort and filter uh group and in that select the option of filter now you can see the filters are been added to all the column headers region category state subcategory sales quantity right now we wanted the West category so when you see or when you click on the drop down icon you can see all the options are selected right the central east west south every everything right but now we just want West one so click on West and select okay there you go so you have everything from the west region now let’s imagine that you wanted to look into uh office supplies only or technology only right you can do the same with the technology ology and press okay and now you’ll have all the technology related sales in the west region right so that’s how you use filters in Excel or that’s how you add filters in Excel goalseek in Excel so for this tutorial we’ll be considering the students database now let’s get back to the Excel so now we are on the Excel sheet and you can see that in this particular Excel sheet we have some student details we have the serial numbers names role numbers class blood group and some subjects like math math science computer statistics social GK and the final marks obtained percentage and total marks right so let us imagine that uh a company has come for an interview so all these students are going to attend an interview and uh the minimum percentage to attend the interview will be like 75% so you can see that we have 75 here and all the students have got above 75 except for the one student which is Mike right so for Mike to attend the interview he needs 75 percentage or above so uh he can make some modifications in one of these subjects right so there is always an exam after the exam called as Improvement exam so if you can like to score some extra marks in the subjects which you have scored less so that you can make up to the percentage what you’re expecting you can do that so here in this particular sheet uh Mike has six subjects right and in subjects you can see he has scored 76 91 45 71 94 and 62 so out of these he have scored Less in one subject compared to all the subjects one subject is really low that is computers so what if he can give an improvement exam and increase his percentage to 75 right so that can be done so we can do some root Force methods like we can change the marks like 55 and then check this particular one so it’s getting 74 right so using the brute force method will be a little bit lengthy so you can do this because it is just a small uh table which has least number of data and you just have one single cell to modify so that can be done in small tables but what if you had some table with hundreds of rows or thousands of rows that’ll be time consuming right so for that we have some inbuilt functionality in Excel that is called goal seek in Excel so for now let’s eliminate the marks here so we have eliminated the marks and the upgraded percentage is 65 now we need the target as 75 okay so let’s uh write it as Mike’s Target right we need mic so mik new Target as 75 okay now to make sure that we need a Mark here which can get mic to 75 percentage we will use the data operation so here on the toolbar which has file home insert Etc we have one other option called as data so when you click on data from toolbar you’ll have the ribbon and in this ribbon we have various options so when you come into forecast group we have an option called what if analysis when you click on wtif analysis you’ll have a set of options out of which we have goal seek now for goal seek we need to select a table cell that is this particular table cell that is M9 so we need the value 75 here right so what is the cell that you need to change here for that you need to select this one and select this particular cell here right and now you can select okay now you can see that Excel has automatically run all the permutations and combinations and has come up with a number so that the overall percentage of mic will be 75% right so the expected marks that Mike should be getting in his computer’s Improvement exam should be equal to 56 or greater than 56 to get the the final Target at 75 so that he can attend the company’s interview so this is how we use goal set or goal seek in Excel we are on our Excel spreadsheet and here you can see I’m trying to create an calendar for the employees in the company where you might have to you know write down the day and month and year or week of your birth date or maybe your joining date or maybe also your last working day right this might be useful for all the employees to you know uh avoid them from writing it down manually so how do I create it so it takes a few simple steps all it takes is some data validation methods and also there is an exclusive video specifically made on data validation in Excel link to which is in the description box below or you can search it on our official YouTube channel now you can see that uh the word calendar is on the first cell that is A1 but we have four cells below it that is A3 B3 C3 and D3 so you might want to add this to all the cells right like may be in the middle so for that you can do the option of mergin Center also there is a tutorial on mergin Center about all the options available in this particular thing so you can go through that also and uh yeah we have done the first step now all we need is day month year and week so in a calendar or in a month you’ll have days from 28 29 30 or 31 days right so let’s create a list or the drop down menu for that so that whenever you click it right so whenever you click on that particular cell you will have the list of all the days available right so let’s get started with that let’s create a new sheet so why are we creating a new sheet you won’t want that all the numbers in your calendar sheet right over here right so for that so we are creating a new sheet and all the data will be available here so here let’s write down the days first and here the second number also you can use the option of Flash Fill so that you can you know uh reduce the effort here so you can see the flash full option over here all you need to do is select the sales and drag them down until you get your required dates right so let’s keep it till 31 days there you go you have the days so these will be your days and here now the next option was month right yeah month and year now using the same flash F option you will you know add the months into your sheet so this will be Sunday so Excel has this smart flash F option where you can just drag the data and everything will be filled according to your requirements so Sunday to Saturday now the next one right that is your month so same as the before process we’ll create January now you can use the flash Bill option and all the way up to December now the last one was the year so 1990 and 1991 so you can select the cells and Flash Fill Up to 2022 maybe yeah 2022 should be good enough now this is The Flash option you have here and also we have an exclusive tutorial on flashfill all together you can go through it for a detailed explanation as well now coming back to the original sheet so this is where you create your drop- down list right so select the cell where you want to add the drop down list navigate to data and then here is your data validation menu so we have a variety of data validation options over here there is an exclusive tutorial on that you can go through it for now we’ll look into the list option only because we want to create a drop down list right so here it will ask for source click on the source here the source bar right now navigate to sheet number two where we have the days options select the range so this will be your range and select okay also you can add some message here right what you can do is uh in case if there is an error or something right you don’t want that to be happening so all you need to do is uh write down and select from dropdown let from drop down only so this could be a message select from dropdown only the title is Select options or just options in case if there’s an error you can write down your title as invalid data and you can write down a messag as please select from drop down only so um in case of someone tries to write as 32 or 33 to check the Integrity of your data validation then they will encounter an error and an error message and then they must be understanding what exactly they try to do and if it’s correct or wrong right so this is to make sure that whatever the data you enter is correct and valid so okay and here you can see select from the drown list only options with with option list as title and let’s try to enter 32 right and when you press enter you will see an error so the error messages invalid data please try to select from drop down only so you can go for a retry and select the drop down right so let’s eliminate them and now select something from the drop down so let’s take it as maybe 10 right so this is how you cleared the day one now let’s try to do with the month same data validation option settings will be list and Source will be this one think I made a mistake here so let’s cancel this and go back to sheet 2 and rename this as our week yeah now coming back to the month again it will be a list and the source will be in sheet 2 navigate to the sheet 2 and select your range and input message the same options select from dropdown only and error alert title will be invalid data this one will be please select from dropdown only it’s okay and that’s done now let’s continue with your as well let’s quickly do the same it will be a list Source will be in sheet two this is your list press okay and lastly the week same process it will be a list Source will be in your sheet two input message options tile invalidator strong down only right so your drop down list is ready now so the month will be anything So currently we have me and year can be anything anywhere so let’s take it as 997 and week can be you know the adjacent week so what was 10th of May 1997 let’s check our calendars was a Saturday so it was a Saturday and that’s how you create drop down list in Excel and if you want you can also add borders to your calendar right so that’s how it’s done so what is data validation in Excel so it is a feature by Microsoft Excel where it can restrict data entry into certain cells by using data validation and it will prompt the users to enter valid data in the cells based on the rules and restrictions provided by the creator of that particular sheet now this would be little confusing to understand so to understand it in a much better way let’s get back to the practical way where we will start entering some data validation rules to our Excel sheet and try to enter data into it now we are on the Microsoft Excel and this particular sheet is based on employee ID employee name employee Department employee salary fiscal year and work timings of the employees now we will be applying some data validation rules to each and every column and try to enter data based on the rules we have entered now for the first one which is the employee ID we’ll enter rules based on the employee ID number so to apply the data validation you need to go into the data tab on the toolbar and inside the ribbon you can see data tools group and in the data tools group you have the option of data validation now select the entire column go to the data tools group select data validation option and you will have this particular popup menu and here you can see different types of options so since we are entering employee ID it would be a whole number so let us select whole number option and now here you can see the option of between not equal to equal to not between greater than less than Etc so let us select between and let us assume that your employee ID has five numbers and uh it should be between 10,000 to 11,000 so let us provide 10,000 and 11,000 now select okay and now the new rule has been applied so now the minimum value of each and every employee ID should be equal to or more more than 10,000 and less than 11,000 and it should have five digits now let’s try to enter a wrong employee ID that is just one there you go you can see that Microsoft Excel is not allowing you to include a wrong number it says this value does not match the data validation restrictions defined for this cell so now you can press retry and try to enter some number which is in between 10,000 to 11,000 now it is 10,901 and this will take the entry now let is assume that because I’m the creator of this sheet I know what should be entered here but what if I give this sheet to you and you’re the person who’s trying to enter the number and it shows the error and you don’t know what was the error right to avoid this kind of confusion what you can do is you can do some uh ways where you can provide the message to the user so that can be done by okay let’s select the sheet again and go to the data validation and here you have the same settings now here you have another option saying input message so before input message let us go to error alert now here the error title would be data entered is not valid please enter this is the error message please enter EMP ID between 10,000 to 11,000 press okay now when you try to enter the wrong number it will show that particular error alert message see data entered is not valid please enter employee ID between 10,000 to 11,000 now this is fine but how long this will be you know what if there is an option where you just hover over to this cell and it automatically tells you to enter the value between 10,000 to 11,000 without having to face the error yeah even that can be done so you can select the entire column go to data validation and here this is the input message this is where you can do that so here you can write the message name valid data please enter data between 10,000 to 11,000 now when you hover over to any cell in this particular column it will automatically show you this message where you can avoid all the errors just select okay see when you select any cell in this particular column it will automatically tell you please enter data between 10,000 to 11,000 so here you don’t have to face any errors right now let us try to enter the valid data 109 02 and it will take it as the correct value and again 1 903 now in case if you try to provide the wrong number it will show show the error see so that’s how it is now we have finished the whole number part now let’s get into the employee name where we have to provide uh the second type that is text length now let us imagine that uh in your company you’re trying to provide ID cards to your employees and you know that ID card is really small and inside that ID card you need to include the employee photograph and your company name employee idid blood group phone number address everything and also you need to include the name of the employee so what if there is an employee with very lengthy name like 30 characters 40 characters yeah in India it is really possible that you might have a lengthy name so what you can do is you can provide the text length where the text is limited to like 15 or 20 uh um characters so you can include that name in the ID card so you can do that by allowing the data validation criteria with text length uh minimum can be anything so minimum can be one and maximum here you can provide 15 and press okay okay minimum will change it to at least uh two and yeah let it be one so minimum is one and maximum is 15 characters and press okay and uh let us also provide the input message enter character type character data please enter valid name and error alert invalid data please enter valid data okay please enter characters less than 50 press okay now let us try to enter a random name okay uh we’ll enter characters more than 15 here qu z uh yeah it’s like 1 2 3 4 5 11 okay okay now this is more than 15 okay I think it’s not more than 15 let’s try to enter a little bit more characters yeah now we have entered more than 15 characters and it is showing please enter characters less than 15 so now we can retry and try to enter some valid name um now we have characters less than 50 so it will take as the proper name now let us try to enter another name I’m just entering some random data so another name maybe great now the next type of data validation is also done now let us get into to employee Department employee department is something really superb so I’ll tell you about it it’s actually a list now let us finish the other ones first that is employee salary physical year and work timings after that we’ll learn about uh the list one now let’s come into employee salary so salary is something where you have to include decimal points so now let us go to uh data validation and inside the values we have already dealt with whole number uh text length yeah now we’ll uh deal with employee salary that is decimal now minimum is okay what is uh minimum can be 1. 0 and maximum can be 1 lakh or let us put that as 10 LHS press okay okay not not just them enter valid salary okay now let’s change it to minimum is 10,000 so the employee minimum salary will be 10,000 and input enter valid salary enter salary between 10,000 to 10 lakhs let us include a comma here too now error alert invalid salary please enter between 10,000 to 10 lakhs press okay now the message and the data validation conditions are apply to this column now let us try to enter some invalid data first it will show the error now we need to enter the valid data yeah now it is taking the valid data let us provide 20,000 and this has 35,000 now the next one is fiscally let us imagine that we wanted to you know work on the employees for current working year that is 2020 to 2021 and or you can 2021 to 2022 not more than 2021 and not less than 2021 for that you can provide the year option as well so for that you need to select the entire column go to data validation settings and inside here you have an option of date so uh let us provide the date option as between and start date is 01/ 01/ 2021 and end date is 01 sl01 SL 2022 and input message let us provide data as current fiscal year Current financial year enter date between 20121 to 2022 let is call copy this and go to error alert error message will be S invalid date select okay now the error message and uh the data input message and the data validation rule has been applied for this column so let’s try to enter some date here you can enter uh 02 of February 2021 it will take as the correct data now let’s try to enter some wrong data which is apart from 2022 02 02 20 22 it will not take this it will throw error so that’s how it works now let us try to enter uh 2021 and this is March it will take it now another data 04 this time and 2021 so that’s how your uh date data validation will work now coming into the next type of data validation that is time so we have time here let us imagine that you are providing some work timings to your employees that should be from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. not more than that so you want to keep your work life balanced for all your employees so you just want them to work between 9 to 5 and that should be fine and anything apart from that time should be invalid so you can do that by selecting in uh time option between it should be in between and the start time will be 09 0 0 and this should be uh 17 that is 5:00 p.m. in the evening and input message please enter time between 9 a.m. to okay 500 p.m this should be the input message now error alert invalid time error message okay now okay work timings now this should be okay we can do this as two columns actually let us cancel let us copy this and paste it here you can do it as login login timing and this should be okay this should be a log out so this should be okay so this will be considered as login and log out times now let us provide the login time this should be the right time and uh let’s try to provide wrong timings 08 now it will not take it it will throw as error so it’s working fine let us provide 10 now let us provide the log out time it should be below 5:00 p.m. so let us provide five it will take it okay let’s try to provide something just 1 minute less than five that is 59 okay there is some problem in this let’s check it okay it is taking uh three that is including seconds okay let’s provide seconds as well 05 0 0 0 0 okay still there is some problem okay we have entered four we should we are supposed to enter 24hour timing right 14 okay uh it should be 17 I think this will work yeah now we are following 24-hour timing here so let’s provide another timing that is 16 30 0 0 this will be valid and 1530 yes this is also valid now we have finished almost all types of uh data validation things that is we have finished with any value whole number decimal date timing test length and the last one is list so this is where things get interesting now let’s cancel this now select the employee column now if you’re running a company then definitely you’ll not have only one Department in it you might have multiple departments right so let us consider that you have a software development company so in that the basic departments will be software development team and software testing team so what you can do is you can provide a list so using that list you can just uh H over to that cell select the drop- down menu and inside that you can select the option so we will try to work something like that if we have selected the entire column selection okay yeah let us select the entire column again go to data validation the selection contains some cells without data validation settings do you want to extend data validation to the sales yes now let us provide the list option and here Source you can provide as developer and test press okay okay now input message select one select one error alert invalid data select from drop down only press okay now when you select the cell you can see small drop- down icon right so when you press it you will have developer and tester option so you can select developer for first one and for second one you can select uh tester right okay this is good for uh one or two options maybe three or even maybe like five but what if you have more departments okay let’s go to this uh second sheet where we have the department data so here we have like 14 departments no 15 departments or 15 employe type names so the first one is CEO second is developer tester quality analyst system analyst Finance human resource so so many options are there so you cannot keep on typing all of them right so here it is 15 what if you have like 25 like 50 departments right it will be tough so for this you have another option so let me select all this data and copy copy this from this sheet to our employee sheet let us paste it somewhere here let’s expand this okay now we have our uh list over here now let us remove the data validation from this column clear all okay now everything is cleared let’s select okay now let us erase this data as well now let us apply the list data validation again from scratch go to list now here we can select the source select this particular cell and drag it until here and it has been loaded now go to input message data options select one from the menu or the drop down copy error alert select only from the drop down menu invalid entry yeah now let’s select okay okay fine now you have the icon here you have all the provided options you can scroll down and select any one out of these you can select knowledge transfer for the first one and second one would be system analyist and the last one would be human resources now in the list everything is fine okay this is showing you the menu options and everything so but what if you provide this sheet to your new joiny or new employee in your company and by mistake he messes up something like deleting this okay so we have deleted systems analyst and when you click on the options here you don’t have systems analyst in that place you have blank space right so there is a way where all your U you know data can be messed up so to avoid this what you can do is you can actually um save this data in a different sheet like I did here like Department data you can hide this sheet or you can protect this sheet with password or something so that nobody can mess this up so now let us get back to the employe data and select this column and uh clear everything press okay and let us also clear this and this as well in this one too now let us eliminate the row our sales the employee yeah everything okay now we have basically removed this data from here now let us try to apply the data validation once again now here let us select as list and uh here let us provide the option let us go to next sheet let us select all these options and press okay okay let’s provide input message data options or Department options yeah now let’s select okay now let’s hide this sheet now the sheet has been hid hiden and you still have the options developer or let us provide CEO then we have developer then we have test so that’s how you can protect your how to protect and lock cells in Excel now why do we need to lock or protect cells in Excel let us imagine that there is an Excel sheet with really confidential data and you need to pass that data to your subordinate or your colleague to make some minor edits now let us imagine that the edits are supposed to be done to only one or two columns and the rest of the columns should be left as they are now there is a huge possibility that sometimes unknowingly or unwillingly there might be some edits done by your colleague or your subordinate So to avoid such kind of unexpected mistakes you might want to protect and lock yourselves that you don’t want your subordinate or your colleague to edit so before we begin be kind enough to get subscribed to our YouTube channel and don’t forget to hit that Bell icon to stay updated on the latest it Trends and Tech content now without further Ado let’s get started with our onepoint agenda that is lock or protect cells in Excel now let’s get back into the Practical mode and start our Microsoft Excel now we are on the Microsoft Excel and this particular spreadsheet is related to employee details yeah now the screen is visible a bit better now let us imagine that this is our confidential data and you want to edit only two columns that is the designation column and phone number column now let us imagine that the company has finished one annual year and now there are some promotions happening in the company and let us also imagine that the phone numbers of the employees provided by the company have undergone some changes so now the minor edits that you want to make are related to the designation column and phone number column now you can see that all the columns that is the blood group new salary salary hike current salary and name of the employee serial number employee number everything is editable so in such kind of scenarios when you pass on this data there might be a possibility where your colleague or subordinate might end up making some mistakes right so you want to avoid that so you can do that by locking the celles now let us rename the sheet now the sheet has been renamed successfully so now you can log the cells by the following process so in this process you have two major steps first one is to log the cells and the next one is to protect the cells by a password now when you select all the cells in this particular sheet you can just click on this edge here and you have all the cells selected and now right click somewhere on the sheet and you can see an option called format sales so in this particular option you have some options provided which is number alignment font and you want to go into the protection part so you can see by default Excel keeps all the cells locked now we want the phone number and designation to be unlocked okay so let’s cancel it for now and get back to the sheet and select the columns D and I and now let’s right click and go into format Cs and in the protection option make sure that you uncheck the loged icon now select okay and now okay so you cannot include the merged cell fine we have a cell here which is merged okay let’s remove that okay now again select the entire column right click get into format cells and uncheck the lock option select okay now we have finished the first part that is locking all the cells which you don’t want to get edit and unlocking the cells where you want to make some edits now the second stage is protecting the sheet now right click on the sheet name and you can see an option called protect sheet click that and now here you can see select locked Cs and also select unlocked CS so let us provide a password here so let us use some simple password so that we don’t forget that so I’ll be selecting 1 2 3 and now select okay reenter the password to proceed now let us type 1 2 3 again now select okay and now the sheet is protected now we have successfully locked and protected all the cells in Excel now let us verify that the cells you wanted to protect are really protected and locked or not so we have unlocked phone number and designation and everything else is locked now let me try and edit the blood group so when I double click or try to edit this particular sheet then I’ll be receiving a warning from Excel it says the cell or chart you’re trying to change is on a protected sheet to make a change unprotect the sheet you might be requested to enter a password so it says that this particular cell is locked and you cannot edit it now let us try to edit the phone numbers which we kept as unlocked so you can see I can really edit the unlocked cell here now let me try to change this phone number let me enter some random phone number so you can see the cell is editable now let us go through the designation column and try to edit this particular column now since since I said that there’s a promotion happening in the company so the deputy CEO is now the current CEO of the company and software developer happens to become the senior software developer and the tester as well let us imagine that he will become the senior and so on okay so this proves that this particular sheet is editable not the entire sheet but only the sense that we kept in the unlock mode okay now this is how you lock and protect your sales in ex you can see that I have sales data on my worksheet so uh let us imagine that your manager asked you to find the average of sales happening in your company right so let’s navigate to the bottommost cell and you know write it down as average here okay average sales so here this is a cell where you want to keep your average right so here we’ll be writing a small formula that is average and tab to select it now you must select the array of data right so this is my array since average is an array function and now press enter so there you go you have the average sales data that happened in your company so to understand the page setup in msxl we will go through a demo inventory in Excel where we’ll be considering some restaurant data now without any delay let’s get started with the Practical demo now we are on the Excel sheet and this is the data I was talking about the restaurant data where we have the First Column that is Rank and next we have the restaurant name followed by that we have the sales happening through that restaurant and then we have the segment category that is what kind of service does that particular restaurant offers now this is the list what we made and uh what if we wanted to represent this data in the form of a printed paper right so I guess you can see all the columns and rows here so you can see that we have almost like 250 rows so there is no chance or there is no way to print all those 250 rows in one page of course it is practically possible but when you try to read the content it’ll be so tough to read Because all the rows will be clued together so closely so that you cannot read it so uh you need to print them Page by page so and you need to also take care of the data is aligned properly according to the page size everything and even you need to take care of the margins of your page right so that’s what page setup basically means so we had a detailed overview of our data and what actually we’re trying to make now let us see how page setup is possible in msxl so to go to the page setup menu or go to the page setup options we have three methods let’s start with the simplest method so the simplest method is by just clicking on file and go to print option and you’ll see all the page setup options right over here and you can also go to print menu by pressing a shortcut method that is contrl p so you’ll directly end up on the page set of options now let’s look at the second method so the second method is you can see the toolbar over here right which has file home insert draw page layout formulas data review View and help so the second method we can use page layout option from the toolbar and you can see when you click on the page option from the toolbar you have a new ribbon over here so this ribbon is all about page setup options so it will offer you margins it will offer you orientation size print area brakes background print tiles etc etc right so all these options or menus in this ribbon belong to page setup now let us look at the third method so the Third method is something similar you have view option on the toolbar so just select View and you can see we have few page setup options over here as well the normal page break page layout custom views and we have grid lines formula bar heading zoom in zoom out select to zoom free certain panes right so all these are also the page setup options so we have the three methods to enter the page setup options now we are familiar with those now let’s get started with the Practical mode on P setup for that let me use the simplest method that is holding the control key and pressing P which navigates me to the print option now we have various set of options here we have no scaling normal margins letter portrait orientation cated print active sheets and note one for Windows you can see this option is the printers option for example example if you’re connected to a printer which is the hardware printer then your Ms XL will show the printer’s name here so other than printer you can also make some other arrangements where you can just directly print your complete data in the form of PDF and then you can export your PDF to your recipent that’s also possible okay now let’s get started with the first option that is print active pages okay to understand this better we need to create a new sheet not a problem so you can see that we just have one sheet over here so let us kind of select all the items and create a new sheet and try to paste it over here or let’s try to paste it over here okay now let’s try to extend this yeah this should be fine now let’s rename this sheet sheet uh or let’s rename it as restaurant sheet two for our reference now let us get back to the print sheet option so I’ll use the shortest method that is holding the control key and press P now you can see that here we have six pages in total from the active sheets so the current active sheet is the top 250 sheet so this particular sheet is the current active sheet so if you print the entire data in this particular sheet then we will end up printing six pages now let us select the other option where you have to print the entire workbook right so now you can see that there’s a change in the number that is 12 pages so what is a workbook so basically workbook is the collection of entire sheets in your Excel homepage so in this particular Excel homeage which you have the first sheet that is top 250 and the second sheet that is the resturant sheet to right so the combination of these two sheets make up a workbook so when you select the entire workbook option you’ll have 12 pages so that’s how we use this setting where you select the active sheets the entire workbook and there is another option where you can only print a selected item so if you want to do this then let’s get back here now what if your customer or what if your client wanted the top 10 restaurants only so you can select the top 10 restaurants by doing this now you have the top 10 restaurants let’s go to print so you can see Excel has automatically selected the selection only print the selected content only so you can see we have only the top 10 restaurants or top 11 restaurants that we have selected in our sheet and it is ready to get printed so this is how we use the first option now let’s get back let’s not select that and let’s make the pages normal now get back to the print option again now you can see the next option that is cated right so in cated you have different different options that is 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 and 1 2 3 and the next one which is uncollated 1 1 1 222 3 33 so why are these numbers present here and what does colleted mean anyway so this is your question right now the answer for this question will be a little similar to your examination Hall okay let us imagine that you are in examination Hall and you are the invigilator and you have 10 students in your room so you wanted to provide question papers to all the 10 students okay so you have your question paper distributed into three sheets that is you have marked questions and your questions are fit into three papers right in this scenario we have 250 rows and all the data is split into six sheets that is sheet one or page one page two page three page four right now if we wanted to print 10 copies then the arrangement of papers will be page 1 page 2 page three page 4 page 5 Page 6 in continuous order right that is CED if you wanted 10 copies of different different ways where you wanted to print the first sheet first then you wanted to print the second sheet second and the third sheet third that is you’ll have 10 copies of first page 10 copies of second page 10 copies of third page and so on that particular approach is called uncollated approach and if you’re printing the pages in continuous order for 10 times then that particular approach is called as collated approach so this is what we had to learn about collated and uncollated now let’s get back to the third option now let’s press again print now we have our data here there’s something wrong select all the elements control p yeah now we have our data back now we have the third option that is the portrait orientation okay so when we click that we have two options that is portrait and landscape so you might be having a good idea like when you try to click a picture in your phone we have two modes as well that is portrait mode and the landscape mode so when you click on the portrait mode this is how your data will be looking now to understand the difference let’s click the landscape mode so when you click the landscape mode this is how your data representation will change you’ll have a wider page to print so this is why we use the page orientation for now let’s keep the page orientation as portrait orientation and we have now the fourth option so what is the fourth option we have various sets of options in here that is letter and A4 size there are also some more page options over here where you can select the page types you want to print so basically you’ll be having few more options that is A4 A5 A3 Etc but here we just have two that is A4 and letter so basically you’ll get those options and followed by that next we have margins so here you can see we don’t have any margins for our data okay so now we can add some margins by setting up this one as an option like last custom setting or you can also choose normal wide narrow right so your page will be changed according to your margin size right so this is how you can change the margins now let’s keep it as default let’s set the normal one now we have the next option that is scaling option so here you can see we are trying to fit the page so when you’re trying to print these sheets using no scaling then the actual size of the page will be printed now you can also modify that you can fit and print these sizes so you can remember the first option that I said of printing all the 250 rows in one single sheet this is how you can fit it so fit the sheet on one page where you can see all the 250 rows are fitting into one page but the data is not readable so but we don’t want this type of an approach right so let’s keep it as the default one which is no scaling so these are the variety of options in print now if you wanted to print the all the six pages into the PDF format and mail it to your client you can also do that I think I have explained it in the first place so you can see we can do it by just selecting this option where you can print all the six p just and into PDF format and then you can mail them to your client and you can also select the number of copies you want you can increase the copies to two three and any number of uh copies you want for now I’ll keep it as one copy now let’s print this now let us select the location rename it and publish now let’s get back to documents and see if the page is printed or not here you go here we have the resturant data in the form of PDF so we have our entire six pages of data in the PDF format now we are back on the homepage now we had some limited functions in the print function over here we had try to export the data so you can also export the data or try to print it from the print option over here you can just select that as well anything F PDF yes the pages are printed now there you go we have the restaurant 2 PDF data so that’s how you can print all your data you can either choose the export option or you can either choose the print option now when you see into the print option we have limited number of page setup options over here now let’s check out what we missed so we are in the page layout here so we had gone through the margins we had set all the margins and then we have also gone through the portrait and landscape now you can see this size when we were in the print menu option we had only A4 and letter but here you can see there are a wide variety of options that is other than letter we have tabloid legal statement executive A3 right we have A5 and many more other options and if you want some more paper options you you can go to more and you can always select a few more options that’s how you do it and yeah we didn’t had the break option so remember when we had been through the print option we did not have the break option there let’s select this to normal A4 so you cannot see the break option over here right so here we have the break option so what does break option does right you can actually break the page uh remember we spoke about the top 10 things or the top 10 rows you can always do that so you can just keep the top 10 restaurants in your first page and then break the remaining and to set page breaks you can select the cell now I need the top 10 so I’ll select this particular cell which is in the 11th position and now I’ll try to implement the page break insert a page break and now you can see on my sheet there is a thin line which is separating the two pages that’s how you can see the indication of a page break implemented onto your page now how do you see it you can see it by SEL in control P where you can see the first top 10 restaurants being printed on your sheet so there you go we have the first top 10 restaurants printed on our sheets so that’s how you use the page break now let’s try to eliminate all the page breaks so you can select braks and reset all page breaks so the page break has been eliminated now you can always choose a background for your data as well you just uh if you want you can add a picture to your background I think that’s not available for now okay you can work offline as well let us select this one so you can see that we have added a background to our data we can select all the text files and then we can change the color so that the text becomes a little visible yeah that’s how you do it now if you don’t want the image to be added on your file you can also remove that delete background and there you go all the images are gone now the next important part that is the print titles now why do we need print titles for that let’s try to print this so now you can see the first page in the first page we have the title rank restaurant sales segment category but if you go to the second page you don’t have that title right you don’t have the title rank name of the restaurant sales and their service category so if we want that then we need to add titles now for that let’s select the print titles option now let’s select the row to repeat on top now for that we need the first row select the first row and this particular row will be repeating into all the pages now let’s try to print it so yeah now you can see the titles are being added to all the sheets you can see the page two page three page four page five and page six so you can see the titles added to all the sheets now we are on the spreadsheet so here what exactly are page breaks so page breaks are something which help you during your trying to print your data or present your data in the form of a web page right in those times you cannot fit your entire Excel data in one spreadsheet or one paper or one web page right so in those scenarios Excel will try to elimin a few parts of your spreadsheet or it will try to split the spreadsheet so how exactly it looks like so go to the view option and click on The View and click on page break preview here you can see the dotted lines right so these are the things which separate your data in form of pages so that it can be printable on one single page so some of the times the user or the xuser manually inserts a page break right so how do you insert it just go to the page layout and here you can see the page breaks insert a page break and you have successfully inserted a page break again go to the view go to page break View and here you can see the solid line so these solid ones are the ones which are inserted by the users or anyone who had the access to the data now how do we eliminate them right so we can eliminate them and we can try to you know get the shet back to the normal way so all you have to do is click on the the cell which has the page break which is right under the page break go to the insert page break yeah page layout menu go to the brakes option click on remove page break and there you go you have successfully eliminated the page break and page break preview to make sure that the page break has been successfully removed so you cannot see that anymore so that’s how you try to insert or eliminate a page break in Excel so conditional format is a method to visualize your worksheet we already have the charts in Excel to visualize our Excel sheets in graphical form but what if you had to see or visualize the data in your worksheet as it is so that is where the conditional formatting comes handy now let’s get back to the Microsoft Excel and try to implement some conditional formatting now we are on the Excel worksheet this particular data set is based on a store now we have various columns in this particular data set we have r ID order ID customer name Etc and finally we have quantity discount and profits now let’s go to profits uh let us imagine that we have provided this particular store with a target of minimum 15% profits now let us find out the stores that have hit the 15% Target and the ones which did not so for that let us select the entire column now you can find the conditional formatting option in the home toolbar and in that ribbon the ribbon with Styles has the conditional formatting option click on that and you have various options over here highlighting the cells top bottom rules datab bars data scales and icons so data bars are actually the bar graphs which highlight themselves on each and every cell if you implement them and these are the color scales if you want to implement some colors you can go through that and if you want to represent your C with icons you can also do that for now let’s highlight the sales so select that and inside this select the greater than option and here you can provide the percentage that is 15% and the sales or the stores which hit the target should be highlighted with green color and select okay and there you go you have your stores that hit the 15% Target and the ones which did not hit the 15% Target now if

we want to highlight the ones which did not hit the 15% Target you can highlight them with the color red so conditional formatting highlight the Cs less than 15% with color red and text dark and there you go it’s done now let us consider another example so this particular example is based on train data set and here we have the passenger ID survived passenger class name Etc now we have a tra an accident incident over here now one is indicated that they are alive and zero is indicated that they are not alive now let us use this column and conditional formatting highlight the cells containing the text as one with color green okay and highlight the cells that contain text zero as r that indicates they are not alive and let us select the icons now we have the icons over here the X indicates that they’re not alive and the Green Tech Mark indicates that they’re alive now that is how you use conditional formatting in Excel Excel now here on my spreadsheet you can see some data so this particular data has some color markings so we have used color codes to Mark the designations of all the employees with different colors so for example blue for manager purple for senior and so on right now our duty is to count the total number of emplo present in a company based on the color code this can be done using filters but let’s try with color codes now we don’t have a readily available function in Excel to count cells based on their colors but we can make use of macro now to make use of macro you might want to enable the developer options so by default these will be disabled in Excel to enable them right click on the toolbar and you can see this particular option click on the customize ribbon option and you will be provided with various set of options now on the right side you can see developer options so make sure the checkbox is clicked to enable developer options and press on okay to completely enable developer window right now when you click on developer options you can see various options here visual Basics macro Etc now click on the macro to create a macro now just give a name to the macro function so I’ll give simply long and press on create to create that particular macro function so we have already created a macro that is Count colored cells which we will be using in our current spreadsheet for counting the colored cells now let us erase the newly created function now getting back to the original code so how does this particular count colored cells works so let us understand the function first then we will try to make use of it in the spreadsheet so the function name is Count colored cells as you can see and this particular function will have two parameters current cell and spreadsheet area so the current cell will be the cell address where the color you want to count is present and then the spreadsheet area so what is the range of cells where you want to locate that particular color and count the number of repetition that is the spreadsheet area and then comes the variables used colored cell range color code and color cell count so the colored cell which particular cell is having that particular color and what color code is involved in that colored cell and colored cell count so what is the total count what is the total number of colored cells you have in that particular range that is colored cell count now let us consider color code is equals to current cell interior color that is current cell do interior do color so this is the function which will identify the interior color of a selected cell let us imagine that initially color code is equals to the current cell’s color code okay now we will have the for Loop and that for Loop will include colored cell which is the current cell in the spreadsheet area and if the colored cell the currently selected colored cell do interior do color is equals to the color code that we have set selected then colored cell count the variable which is used to count the number of colored cells is equals to + one initially by default it will be zero in case if this particular if condition is true that is the current cell color and the color code given is equals to same then the value of colored cell will increase by one and this particular if Loop will run as many number of times the condition is true so let us imagine that the condition will remain true for five times then we have obtained five similarly colored cells in the given range of cells in a spreadsheet and once the condition fails then the latest value present in color cell count variable will be displayed which will be a final result so this is how the macro function works now let’s close the macro window and get back to a spreadsheet now let us try to make use of the macro function that we just created so that is equals to count colored cells press tab to select the macro function and the first one is the current cell so this is the current cell where the current color is being provided comma this cell range so our cell range will be from C2 to c31 right so this is the range where we want to count the similarly colored cells that is sky blue colored cells close the function and press enter now you can see the function has identified six repetition of sky blue color in this particular range of cells now you can drag the same formula across all the cells and it will be providing the results of the same so six senior colors that is pink or purple color then two repetition of this particular color two repetition of trainy color five for dark blue and six for green right so this is how the macro function works and the key point to remember here is this particular macro will work only for manually colored cells so there are situations where we have used conditional formatting to color a single cell let us imagine that we have used conditional formatting to recognize the employees with salary above 30,000 as green color and if we try to use that particular green color to be counted by the color count sales function no it will not happen it will not consider that color as a feedback or an input now in future we will also try to design a macro which can recognize the colors made by conditional format as well but this particular function will be exclusively used for manually colored cells only dated IF function is majorly used to find the differences between two individual dates so it is also called as dated if by a few people and a few people also reference it to date diff that is date difference so anything is good now to find the difference between any two dates let’s select a few dates so the first date would be uh let us imagine that you’re an employee and you want to to find out how many years that you’ve been working with an organization so for that you might want to need today and the date where you join the company right so it might be date of joining and today so what’s the difference right so let us imagine that you join the organization somewhere around 2010 01 05 2010 and today so for today can you can give any particular date let us imagine that uh today is 1st of January 2021 or 2022 now we have up both the dates that is the joining date and the current date which can be the current date so the day can be anything so you might be watching this on a different date as well so the date of that day for today would be a little different so we’ll imagine the today’s State as an imaginary date now we might want to find the difference that is in terms of years so you wanted to find the difference in terms of ear so here you can find the difference in terms of ear days and months as well so currently let’s try to find out the difference in terms of years so for years you might want to specify the third parameter in the data function as why if you wanted months you have to give the M as the third parameter and if you wanted to find the days you might want to give d as the third parameter uh so we have discussed the third parameter so what are the first two parameters right so the first two parameters are the first date and the last date so the first date in this situation is your date of joining and the last date or the final date which you want here as your today so let’s find the difference so for that equals 2 so it can be dated if or date diff so date if and the first state which is the A2 and comma the last state that is B2 and your parameter third parameter in terms of ears that is why close the bracket and press enter so there you go you have your date here so it’s been like 11 years that you’re working with your organization so that’s how you find out the differences so we have 11 years because uh we did not finish the 12th year completely so if we had given the month as uh maybe six where we have finished our total years then it will automatically change to 12 years so now for this particular task we will be considering the student database now let’s get into practical mode and start our Excel so on my screen you can see some data related to students now let us try to duplicate some of the rows here so we have selected the rows 8 9 10 and 11 now we shall copy them and paste in so now these are the duplicate elements right now they there might be possibilities about the duplication of class because all the students all the 10 students are in same class so there might be a duplication but we are not looking for such kind of duplications right we are looking for the duplication of the entire row for example we have the details of mic over here in the eighth row which has the role number or serial number as seven name as mic role number class blood group and subject scores percentage round of percentage and total marks so the entire eighth row is been copied here and it is in the row number 12 we have the exact same details so what if you have the exact same rows duplicated so that’s what we’re going to deal with we’re going to eliminate the duplicate rowes all completely together now to carry over this task we have to select the data from toolbar so you have various options file home insert Etc so you need to select the data and inside data toolbar we have the ribbon and inside ribbon you have got the duplicate values or remove duplicates uh option in the ribbon so select all the data select remove duplicates and now you can see that we have all our uh column names over here and make sure that you have selected my data has headers and then select okay and now you can see that Excel has automatically removed four duplicate values so four duplicate values are found and removed 10 unique values remain now another type of uh remove duplicates can also be done so you can see that here we have another data set which has phone numbers or phone names that is phone makers that is Samsung Huawei VI Oppo Etc so there are some duplicate values in this I’ve copy pasted them so now you can also do that so just select all the data and now go into home and select conditional formatting and here select highlight a cell rules and inside that you have duplicate values selecting this option will help you identify the duplicate values in your data set but not to remove them so you can select that and you can see the duplicate values are highlighted over here in the red color now again you can get back to data and uh select the option of remove duplicates and select okay and the duplicate values will be automatically eliminated so that’s how you delete or eliminate duplicate values in uh data set and you can also see that we have another duplicate in this particular row and if you wanted to select a particular row and eliminate the duplicates you can also do that now for that you need to go to the same process remove duplicates and here Microsoft Excel is asking you if you had to expand the selection to the entire data set or you want to continue with the selected data set itself or selected column itself so for that you need to select the continue with the current selection and remove duplicates and press okay and you can see one duplicate value was found and it has been removed and six unique values remain so that’s how you use the function of removing duplicates and Exel so what is sumers and Exel now you might want to calculate uh the total sum of sales right so let us assume that this is your entire stores sales data and you wanted to calculate the entire sum of sales so there is a sum function in Excel where you just have to you know select all the sales and apply some function onto it and you’ll get the sum of all the sales right so with something like this you’ll select all the cells and then you’ll apply a sums function and you’ll get the sum here and average everything right so this is fine but what if you just wanted to find the sales that are happening in only western region as you can see our column f is based on region so we have four regions South West East and Central so your manager asks you to find the sales happening in suppose say west region so how do you calculate it would you manually go into each cell and check if it’s West and Cal that will be time consuming right so what if you had a method which could do it for you just in a matter of few steps or few clicks right so that’s exactly sus so it will basically add a condition calculate the sum of sales where the region is equals to West simple to like or similar to seal query right so that is exactly what we’re going to do in Excel today that is using summs now let me add here Sales of West Region now in the next cell let’s add uh sums function remember there are multiple sum functions in Excel so when you type in suum you can see so many options based on some right you just have some followed by that you have some if it is just some if not some ifs today we are concentrating on some ifs so not just some if we’ll go to some ifs so we’ll be having an option of placing multiple if conditions there so let’s also try that more on that later now let’s press tab to select our sum ifs function now okay we forgot another important step so before we apply sufs we need to convert our table into a table format yes it looks table but right now it’s not in Tabo format it is in the format of database we know that Microsoft Excel considers its data as a database by default so to convert the database into table just click anywhere on the data and press contrl T so that you’ll have a new dialogue box and and it will ask if your table has headers just make sure that you have Ted in it our table does have headers so select okay now our database has been converted into a perfect table and it’s ready for applying sums function so now you can see our database has been successfully converted into our table now let’s begin with our sum ifs now again remember we are using some ifs here not some if or sum so select Su if and press Tab and we have our sus function now the first step which column are we looking at what are we finding out right which is a sum range what sum do you want for now we need sum of sales so select the sales column and we have a simple key function here let’s hold control again press shift and hold shift together so we’re holding control and shift key together and now we’re pressing lower Arrow key once yes the entire sales column has been selected comma Now where do you want to look so we want to look I mean which part of the table you want to fetch right so this is the region part we want to fetch right now so again hold control and shift together lower Arrow key the entire column is selected now the next last part so we want to look into the both of the columns that is sales column and region column now which type of data you want so for now we want Western type of data that is the sales data which is happening only in West right so we’ll select this cell with the data as West or you can also manually enter it for now let’s select the data so I’m selecting the cell F7 which has uh data as West right now let’s close the parenthesis and press enter so there you go you have the sales happening in the western region now you can also try to format it in the form of currency so let’s use uh dollars since it is based on American states so let’s use dollars so there you go now we are having the sales data of West now let’s try to copy the same to all the for Cs and uh now here let’s type in East and this can be South right and this can be your central there you go right now you can also copy the same formula and make minor edits to it so here instead of f8 you can select uh East so where is East here and press enter so you have the sales related to East now let’s try to edit F9 with South select South Region enter so you have South sales and what remaining is Central so let’s edit Central as well and press enter so there you go right now you have all the separate sales data from West west east south and Central now again uh you might want a bit more granularity in data right or in your reports right like you wanted to find the sales data happening in West and you wanted to find out the category based on only Furnitures so your manager will ask you okay a fantastic job so now just give me another minute detail on the data I want to calculate the sales happening on West based on category Furniture right so he wants furniture or he wants office supplies only right you can also do that it’s not an issue at all now let’s try to copy the cell and paste it here and sales invest let’s add another input here on furniture right now you wanted to calculate the sales happening in west region only on furniture so you can also do that now we can use the same formula as well just copy paste the formula here right and you can add few things here when you try to add a comma it will automatically generate the next criteria so it is expecting that you are looking for adding another criteria right now which column you want you want category so let’s select category you want to select all the cells same trick control shift lower key and again press comma and you want it to select only uh Furniture so select on furniture cell there you go now press enter so there you go we successfully have the sales data from west region based on category Only Furniture so that’s how you do su and Exel you can also add a few more details to it like in Furniture you can also look only for tables so here you can see in west region we have furniture sales data and we have sales data of West Region based on furniture which includes only tables you can also do that using sums function in the same way all you have to do is Select this subcategory column and select the cell which has the data as tables so this is how you use Su in Excel now creating a pivot table is just a way from a few clicks trust me it’s just a couple of clicks and you’ll have your pivot table ready to operate now click any cell or select any cell on your spreadsheet which has the data and navigate to insert menu on the toolbar and select pivot table and that’s how simple it is now automatically Excel will choose your data you can see the line L over here dotted lines that means the Excel has already selected the range of data that you want to put into your pivot table and you can either select the existing worksheet or a new worksheet I’ll select a new worksheet over here and just press on okay and there you go you have your pivot table ready now here you can see your pivot table is a little empty all you need to do is drag and drop the data elements that you want on your pivot table so here you can see on our spreadsheet we have some business data related to our store which has has furniture and states and subcategories of the furniture and all the you know in in category you have furniture office supplies technology Etc right so those have some subcategories as well and different states and the regions as well and the quantity total sales happen right so using this business data we can find out some key insights of this particular data using our pivot table right so here we’ll add the data now let me drag the region into rows click and drag and let me drag uh categories into columns which are the different categories which are involved in the sales data and values what are the sales happened right and there you go you have Furnitures office supplies technology as the three different categories and those are the sales happened in central East South and West regions and this is the grand total and instead of regions you know you have all the regions over here right right so Central East Southwest or instead of uh all the regions or instead of all the categories you can you know place a specific category in your pivot table for example let me push the category into the filters and here you can see the total sales happened in those particular regions now what if someone asks you to find the sales of Only Furniture right so your manager comes to you and he’ll ask you getting the sales of only Furnitures you can select that and there you go you have the furniture sales in all the regions right or you can also do the vice versa you can also drag uh regions into the filters and if you wanted to find out the region wise sales of furniture you can also do that right so here we have furniture and here you have all the regions and let us try to find the sales of furniture in the central region and there you go right so this is how um the priv table works and you can also remove the regions for example if you wanted to remove a certain element from filters or anywhere if it is columns rows anything you can just drag and drop it right so that’s how it works and also you can increase the level of detail or improve the granularity right so here we have U categories on our uh you know columns so you can also include subcategories into the column right and and you have the region wise sales so in the region filter select all press okay and in the category select all press okay and you have the furniture here office supplies here and Technology here and also if you want to include the quantity how much or how many number of um you know things got sold in those particular categories and subcategories you can also do that so here in the furniture section books these are the sales and these are the number of quantity or elements sold in in those particular you know sectors so you can you can also improve the level of granularity you can also improve the level of detail using pivot tables in now AutoFill in Excel is a feature where you can add some series automatically using Excel for example let us imagine that you wanted to add index numbers right so starting from 1 to 10 so manually you will be typing in the numbers and you’ll be doing it right so instead of this what if I said you there was a simple way where Excel will fill all the data for you right so just start with one two and select these two cells and you can see the flash logo over here right so that’s the indication that Excel has understood your pattern and it is ready to fill the remaining numbers so as long as you drag this logo or that ending part where you have a small square box that will fill all the numbers until where you have draged it so that’s how autofill works and you might be wondering will it work only for numbers no it will also work on some Logics as well okay this was the first part let us also look at some other tricks with autofill now most of the time time you might be just adding one number and try to drag that cell and the result is it’ll copy the same number all the time right so you can change it by clicking on this menu you can click on fill series and it will change to series and this was one more trick with numbers now getting back to the next type so let us imagine now the next type of series you want to add is weeks in a day right so you’ll be having Monday Tuesday save and stay right so you can also do the series of weekdays using AutoFill in Excel as well so drag that cell and it will give you all the days or week days in a week now let’s try January and this will give you the months in a year in the shortcut TOA right since you just added the first three letters of the month it will recognize the pattern and it will do the same for you now let us try the full names of months right and now let’s try to drag it it’ll fill all the full names of all the months now let’s try the dates so let us imagine that this is the first day of the current year right it will now give you all the dates of that current month or until the end of the year as well there you go now let us imagine that your manager tells you to add the dates of working days in the month of January so how can you do that it’s simple all you need to do is select the cell go to the fill option select series and here select column wise since you w the dates and columns and here in the type select date date unit should be weekday and the stop value should be the next month right since your manager asked for the weekday of January so you stop value will be the 1st of February press okay and there you go so since the 1st of January is Friday it’s selected over here and the rest two Saturday and Sunday are eliminated similarly we have all the dates here of working days only so that’s how you use AutoFill in exit so on my screen you can see a simple spreadsheet with student names and their marks on my sheet so we will be calculating what are the total marks obtained by the students in overall subjects and calculate what is the percentage now we will carry forward a few simple inbuilt functions in Excel to calculate that first we will be calculating the sum of marks so here equals to sum function and select the range of cells close the bracket press enter so you have the sum now so we have to calculate it repeat so by clicking on the the same formula now we have the total of all the subjects for individual students and now let’s calculate percentage so usually we use the you know divide by option that is divide the total number of marks obtained by the total number of marks available that is we will be dividing 47 by 500 and then we will be multiplying that into 100 so that’s how we calculate the percentage so cell G2 divide by cell H2 press enter and you will end up with you know uh the decimal format that’s perfectly all right now we have also extended the same formula for all our cells now select this overall column or select the highlighted cells right and get into the data type here you have General so that’s why we have got that uh decimal format but when you press percentage you’ll have the actual percentage of all the students according to their marks achieved now we are on our Excel spreadsheet and this spreadsheet has some values of employees that is their employee ID name designation Department salary date of birth and date of joining now our concern is to highlight some cells which are duplicate in this or some rowes which are duplicate so for example here you can see on rule number seven we have the details of Mara and you can see the same details of MAA in the row number 14 as well right so you need to eliminate those cells or you need to eliminate those rows now you can say there is a quick way just few clicks and those will be eliminated that is conditional formatting yes that is also one way but I’ll show you what’s the problem with that okay so let us select the entire table and get into conditional formatting and here you have duplicate values highlight cell rules with duplicate values and there you go the problem so here we have designation which is duplicated in certain ways department and salary state of joining right so there are certain conditions or scenarios where you cannot directly identify which is the duplicate rowle again you can use the same for this right so you can select the entire uh column of employee ID and you can uh identify the duplicate cells here since the employee IDs are unique for every one so this is a way but let’s dig a little deeper and understand the way of highlighting duplicates with an advanced technique so let me cancel this and for that let’s create a new um column and let’s name this as duplicate flag e flag so the new column has been created which is D flag so here we will be using a simple formula that is Count F and here press tab to select the formula and here we will be adding our range that is which range are you considering so the range will be the employee ID since employee IDs are unique for every employee and and let’s press function F4 to fix it and now uh again the criteria and the criteria will be the same cell that is A2 and now close the bracket and press enter now let’s track the same formula to all the rows okay now here we have now what you can do is uh sort it in an advanced way go to sort and filter and custom sort and here you’ll be sorting by the D flag and it will be smallest to largest so now uh you can apply the conditional formatting to highlighted you can select the column H or the D flag go to conditional formatting highlight cell rout and here you can get into greater than and give the value as one okay so all the cells which are you know repeated multiple times will be selected here and they will be highlighted with a selected color what you have given so I’ve given Red so now you can select these cells and highlight them or delete them from your spreadsheet and now all your data in the spreadsheet is unique and clean now let’s quickly get onto the Practical mode where we will have some data sets over which we will be trying to apply the charts now there are various types of charts in T and those are the pie chart the column chart the bar chart column versus line P chart and sparkline charts so we will discuss one after the other first let us discuss about the pie chart so as you can see we have a small data set on my screen which I have personally created and uh this deals with the companies and this deals with the shares of the automobile industry so now for this let’s create a pie chart select all the data and then get into the toolbar and inside the toolbar you can see various options and inside that we going to use the insert option and when you select the insert option you will have a ribbon here and inside the ribbon you can see groups tables illustrations addin and here you go these are the charts so now we needed a pie chart so select on that icon and you have various types of pie charts you have two dimensional pie charts three dimensional pie charts donut type of charts Etc right so I would like to go with the three-dimensional pie chart as it looks a little more appealing and easy to understand and now there you go this is the title of the chart and these are the legends of the chart and this is the chart area and these are the values now we can uh know kind of add the data labels as well so you can just have to press the plus icon over here and you’ll have the options you can add the data labels which will give you a lot more interesting values and uh you can also turn this around as you can see we on double clicking any part of the pie chart you’ll get this option which is called as format data point and uh let’s imagine that you wanted to show the information related to this particular one which is Volvo which has the biggest share so this is in front right now now what if you wanted to show the information related to data which is over here right for that you can select this particular Arrow key and you can just twist it and there you go it is coming in front this will be uh a great way of presenting your data to your clients right yeah and there is another option where you can directly explore this like you you can pick it out you can see this right Point explosion where you can split it out and you can show that especially like you can highlight it and show it so that’s the you know a great way of presenting your data so that’s how you can work with pie charts in Excel now let’s quickly move to the next one that is the column chart and in the column chart we have the data related to some company and uh the profits of that company based on a so you can see that the year has started from 2008 and it has gone until 2021 and these are the profits of that company year after year so since we are dealing with column chat I’ll tell you the simplest way to create a column chat there is a shortcut key for that which is alt F1 and there you go you have the chart right on your screen now you can uh expand the chart just by dragging it like that and you can see that there is some problem with this chart that is we have numbers here instead of ear right you can see that the First Column is the es which is 2008 to 2021 but here you can see we have 1 2 3 4 which is not proper right so to change the axis that is you can see the axis which is 1 2 3 let me expand my screen a little bit Yeah so if you look at my screen we have two different columns one column is about the ears and the second column is about the revenue now what we want to do is we want to create a line graph where we have ear on the x-axis and revenue on the y- axis and we will be generating a line graph based on the data we have now for that we have to select the entire data what we have then we need to go into the insert option in the toolbar and then you can can see a lot of chart options in the insert ribbon now here you can see that we have a line chart or area chart option select that and here you can see 2D line graphs now let’s select the first one and there you go you have the line chart here now let’s rename the title and there is one problem with the chart here you can see that the x-axis is not actually pointing the ears you can make a change to that no worries just right click and then you can see the select data option and there you go you have the edit option here just edit it and now select the range I am selecting the ears now let’s select okay and there you go you have the years here you can just try to expand it a little more yeah so now you have the revenue on the Y AIS and year on the x-axis and this shows the growth of Revenue in your company so this is how you create a line graph in Excel C on now let us imagine that you are the CEO of an IT company and you have taken up multiple projects let us imagine that you wish to keep track of all the projects so what if there was a tool which could keep track of all the projects in the form of a detailed visualization with the percentage in the form of a graph or a bar chart interesting right that’s exactly what we going to design today using Microsoft Excel so without further Ado let’s get started with our onepoint agenda that is progress tracker in Excel now to design a progress tracker in Excel let us get back to the Practical mode where we might have to use our Microsoft Excel now we are on the Microsoft Excel and we have taken some sample data to make things look simple so here we’re considering a set of students and their attendance percentage so we will be using this particular data and design a progress tracker now let us try to increase the size of the cells now select all the cells in the attendance column now we have selected all the cells in the attendance column and in the toolbar select the Home tab and inside the Home tab you have styles group inside the Styles group select conditional formatting and inside the conditional formatting option select new rule so so in the new rule we want to select the first option that is format all cells based on the values now here you can see format style since we trying to create a databas we need to select the option of databas here and under the datab bar options we have some more options on the drop- down menu so here in the type select number and the minimum number is zero it is automatically stored here and the maximum value is again a number and let us provide it as one now here you can select the color for your pass now since we have already chosen green for all the column headers let’s choose blue and select okay now here you can see that the values are being indicated using bar graphs right and you can also see the percentage values but we can make it look a little more better by shifting them to the left side and text could be given as white so that it’s more uh vibrant to look at and now we can also apply some conditional formatting onto these attendance columns so let us try TR to highlight the students having attendance less than 65% so highlight cell rules less than 65% attendance with red color select okay and there you go you have the progress tracker right on your screen and and using the same principles you can track the attendance for all the students and also you can apply some conditional formatting onto all your cells and highlight the ones which are not on the track now this is how you can Implement progress trackers using Excel now for this particular example we going to use the employees data now let’s quickly get back to the Practical mode and enter into Excel now you can see that we are on Excel sheet right now so let me expand my screen a little bit so that the data is a little more visible yeah so here on my screen you can see that we have employees data so the First Column is the name of the employees and the second column is the start dates of the employees that when have they started working with the organization and when they have ended or resigned to their position in that particular organization and the duration gives us the number of days they have worked in that particular organization so to create a g chart is really simple you just have to select the data and then go to the insert option and in there you can see the charts icon and select all charts and in that select the bar chart and here you can see the Stacked bar chart select that and press okay and there you go you have the Stacked bar chart right on your screen let’s expand this a little more so that we have the clear visualization of the dates as well now you can if you want you can change the title as or RG data or employe data and now we are partially done with our chart now the next thing we have to do is select the bar chart right click on it select data and here select the add icon now you need to select the series name so the series name is duration for our gchart and series values are let’s select this and select let’s move a little yeah so these are the data series let’s select okay and you can see the Gan chat on my screen right here select okay and it’s done and still now it’s not complete yet so to finish it you need to select the blue colored bars here and right click on them and select format data series go to the fill icon and select no fill and it’s done for now and you can see that there is a difference in this particular arrangement we had Joe at the first place and Susan at the last place but here you can see Joe is in the last place and Susan is in the first place so we need to make some arrangements here for that right click select format access and then here you can see categorize in reverse order and there you go it should be done and there you go you have your Gant chart right on your screen so window here we have some data set so we have row ID order ID order date Shi date Etc so these are the rows over here let’s quickly select the entire data set and remove any filters that we have so the filters is gone and uh at the last you can see country region product category subcategory and extending further we have sales data quantity ordered discount and profit so now let’s proceed and try to build one single dashboard okay now imagine yourself in a situation where you’re working for this particular you know um store or a company which sells products and you have a team meeting with leadership and you are supposed to be hunting for simplicities in complexities and you need to present an interactive dashboard which gives a visual representation of what exactly is happening with the company the sales the quantity order profit Etc right and if you show this particular data set as it is in the form of named rows and columns your leadership might not be able to understand it or they might not be able to justify what exactly needs to be done in the future to keep the numbers same or improve the sales right so in that scenario an interactive dashboard could be beneficial so in today’s session we’re going to create the scene and creating a chart that is an interactive chart or a dashboard which is interactive everything lies on one single point that is the pivot tables and pivot charts if you’re good with pivot tables and pivot charts you can create interactive charts you can create dashboards and much more so the process is simple but in case if you need a quick overview of how exactly a pivot table is created or performed then you can check out the link in the description box below which will give you a complete detailed description and to understand how to create a pivot table and a pivot chart in real time and move further right now we will continue with this particular topic for today which is creating a dashboard now click any where in the cell select the entire data set using control a and go to insert option over here and choose pivot table right from the table range should be the option here you can see the table range has been selected and uh you also have two more options which will help you understand where exactly to create your PIV table so we will be creating that in a new worksheet so click on a new worksheet and press okay there you go you have the Pu you know table here and let’s say we want a few charts so here we have a region wise sales country wise sales and shipment majorly used subcategory uh category segment and let’s say we also want quantity wise country and quantity right or let’s say Okay country and quantity so how many number of orders basically you receive from each country right so let’s say we want all these charts now how many number of charts do we have 1 2 3 4 5 6 and seven remember creating a chart which is interactive relies on pivot table now so far we have created one pivot table or one pivot chart or one pivot sheet but we want seven pivot charts how to do that it’s really simple just hold control and drag that sheet and you have a new pivot chart right you can do that few more times seven so we have seven pivot tables as we required there you go and now let’s get back to the first sheet and let’s see the first option we looking for so we want region wise sales right we have five different regions north south east west and Central and we want region y SS in a pictorial way for that let’s go to the options over here we have the row uh names or the metadata you can drag region into either columns or rows wherever you want I’ll Cho and just drag and drop it in the columns and now go back to sales and you can drag sales to rows values sorry sales in h region right now you can go back to this particular pivot table go to home home eliminate any and go to pivot table analyze and here you can see pivot chart click on that and now you have a all charts window on your uh desktop I mean screen you can choose the one which you uh feel is good right so I’ll prefer a bar chart column chart here click on okay and there you go now you can edit this particular data set and chart and you can also remove any of the things you don’t want so for for example I don’t want Legends so I’ll remove Legends and uh this is what I have here you can also edit for few more things right now I can simply copy this particular chart and go to the dashboard so let’s create a new sheet and name it as dashboard merg and Center can add a color Bo now here you can paste the first chart now you can rename this chart title so you can rename this as region wise saes so therefore you have the first chart we here you can also increase or decrease the size of the chart by just dragging the corner points and uh let’s go go to the second pivot table we have the second pivot table right here what was our second request the second request was country wise right now close this the country and drag it to columns or rows let’s go with rows this time and SES go go to pivot table analyze pivot table chart and here you can choose a pie chart since you’re going with the country wise and click okay now you have the by chart over here you can rename that as country wise you can copy this and paste it onto the dashboard in case you want to you know uh keep the size of the pie chart and the column chart in the same uh you know width and height you can do that just go to uh format here you can 5.6 and it can be 9.9 and similarly you can go with 5.6 this can be 9.9 just so that you can accommodate a few more chats in the uh dashboard you can align them like right now our next request test is sub category shipment sorry so go to shipment so this is the fifth uh sheet so we need to go to the third spreadsheet where where is where we have the pivot table so close the format shape and we have shipment here ship mode so select the ship mode drag it to rows or columns Sal to here and we have uh or you can count it right you can change it to count okay so you have standard class with the highest number of um you know sales happening so many sales which are happening in your store choose the standard class of shipment right so very least people choose first class where or same day shipment which is highly expensive and standard shipment will take minimum pricing and most of the customers have chosen that now you can choose the same data here go to pivot table analyze and here we have pivot charts and of this you can select anyone let’s say if you want to go with the tree map or if you want to go with the bar or anyone you can go with that so let’s go with the bar graph press okay and here you created now rename this particular chart as ship mode now now you can copy the same chart and press paste it onto the dashboard can close that if you go to format you can do the same setting 5.9 and 9.9 4.6 and 9.9 there you go you have everything lined up and this space that we have over here we can add a few more things which will come under slicers and filter do so we’ll have to wait for that until we finish the rest of the charts now we will go to the fourth sheet so what was the fourth request let’s check our list here so subcategory wise sales now we can check the category subcategories over here yeah we have the subcategory select that and track to rows or columns and sales to values okay and there you go and if you want to sort you can also sort by right clicking and sort it to minimum smallest lar largest to smallest there you go so the highest number of sales are happening through mobile phones next comes the book cases next come copers etc etc now select this and go to pivot table analyze pivot chart and you can choose any one of those we can go bar chart or the column chart and you can can also rename this as subcategory device you can copy it based it on the dashboard and you can also make few Arrangements if you want you can resize it 5.6 and this will be 9.9 the next request is about the category wi sales and segment so we have the category here drag it to row and sales here you can keep it the way it is or you can go to Pivot analyze and here go to charts choose the one you want and proceed copy it and go to dashboard you can paste it over here there you go country wise and segment quantity so now you we have country over here country to rows and sales to columns or you can yeah let’s go with sales since this is a sales dashboard this should be beneficial now we have uh we can also sort it again sort to largest to smallest and we have France with the highest number of sales I can copy that or go to pivot table analyze and here pivot chart we can go with by chart you can rename it as country wise there you go and copy this paste it on the dashboard I think we already did a country wise sales so I think we can proceed with the next type of uh chart which is segment wise let’s go to the same sheet where we created the country wise sales and close the format delete the chart instead of country we can select segment so which segment has the highest number of sales past it over here format to adjust the size of the chart there you go so we have region wise sales country-wise sales ship mode subcategory wise category wise and segment wise sales now we have a dashboard but to make it a little more interactive we might require a few filter like options which are also called as slices so when you add slices onto the sheet or the dashboard what you can do is you can select the options you want let’s say I want the region wise sales in Belgium then you can identify that let’s say you want Australia’s or Austria’s shipment modes what kind of shipment mode is most used in Austria you can you can find out it and let’s say you want to find out the Finland segment wise sales then you can find out this is only possible when you try to include a slicer into the dashboard now let’s go ahead with it now if you select any of the charts let’s say I want to go with the first one now go to insert and here you can see filter options right so here you want to insert slices now here you have a slices right now okay so you can select the slicer you want so I want the slicer for region I want the slicer for Country I want the slicer for ship mode which is right here and I want subcategory wise slicer I want country or category wise slicer so category and segment wise which is here so I want six slices there you go I’ve got the six slices created let’s minimize to make it look a little more better there you go and uh we will paste the slices right here you can also you know modify the size of the slices let’s try to make them fit here and uh the next one should be right here there you go now let’s drag this here the last Slicer in the last section there you go now we have an dashboard but is it interactive I guess not so how to make it completely interactive so you might have a doubt let’s say I want to click on machins now only one out of the six charts is you know uh reacting let’s say I want to click on papers it is giving me the data for phones and Etc and if I click for Belgium you can see only one chot is being interactive right now what should I do so that every chart which is on the dashboard gets completely interactive and shows all the data in real time that can be done all you have to do is select any of the uh slices right click and go to the option which says report connections so select all the pivot tables pivot table which are present in your uh chart right now sheet one sheet 2 sheet three sheet four sheet Five sheet six and Sheet 7even press okay now all the chart cards are interconnected with each other and now if you click on any one of the options let’s say I want the data for Austria country and every data changes correct report connections you need to do that with all the slices press okay there you go now if you select Finland Denmark or Austria you can see the charts are changing right every chart is now interactive so that’s exactly how you create an interactive dashboard now you might be having a doubt okay it’s working for the existing data but what if I add some new data so here we have data until 2022 and this is the new data until 2023 now if I add this particular data to the end of this particular data set right here and remove the row heads and go back to dashboard go to Pivot chart yeah on data dashboard we need to go to data and here click on refresh all then you will get the updated data set and now you have the updated results as well and with that we have come to an end of the session on sales dashboard in Excel or realtime interactive dashboard using Excel in today’s video we are diving into Power pivot in Excel so if not aware power pivot is a powerful tool in Excel that allows you to import analiz large data sets from multiple sources for example if you have any separate data sets for sales transactions and product details the power pivot enables you to link them together using a common identifier like the product ID create custom calculations with Dax like the total or average sales and quickly generate interactive reports like the pivot tables basically it simplifies the complex data analysis making it easier to work with the large amounts of data without relying on traditional formulas and help users create meaningful insights in a more efficient and error-free way by the end of this video you will be equipped with everything you need to master power pivot in this video we will cover activating the power of pyo as an Excel addin creating relationships between tables calculating the profit total profit and more and wrapping it up with kpis to filter data like a pro this video is packed with exciting and super informative tips to level up your Excel game so I am inside Excel and before going to the pivot table I have a list of data over here I have basically three tables the salaries transaction and the employee and we can see that some columns is common like the employee level the employee level over here and in the salar in the salary Street and the level column and the employee sheet they are the same so let’s get started with installing power pivot for that we need to go to file and then options and here in the addin as I have already activ ated it so it is in my active application addin you will find it over here in the activate application addin if you have not activated and you can just click over here and in manage Excel addin you can go for com addin as it is a type of com adding and then click on okay so I am inside Excel and before going to the pivot table I have a list of data over here I have basically three tables the salaries transactions and the employee table and we can see that we have some columns in common like the employee label in the salaries table and in the employee table we have a level section these are basically the same so let’s get started with installing power pivot for that go to file and then options and here in the options then you have to go to this addin and select Microsoft power pivot for Excel it is in my active application addin as I have already activated it you will find it in an inactivated application addin if you have not activated it so you have to just click on it and in spite of excel addin you have to go for com addin as it is a type of com addin and then click on go and when you click on go you will have a drop down over here for in that drop down you have to select Microsoft power pivot for Excel and just click on okay and there up in this section you can see this power pivot just got available and now we can close the file and open a new Excel file where we will do the calculations and Analysis a blank workbook so we need to cross this and in the new Excel file you can click on power pivot and then click on manage and this will take you to the power pivot in Excel sheet right now we don’t have any data so let’s import data from the external sources so let’s go to external data from other sources and you just need to scroll down and you will find the Excel file over here and then click on next and when you click on next you will get this Excel file path basically you need to locate the place where you have already saved your Excel file so click on browse and as I have already kept in it my downloads I will just open this I will take this box as use first row as column headers and click click on next and now you will see the three available tables over here and I want to import all the three and hit on finish after it is being initiated you can close this and when you close this now we can see everything is uploaded over here we have employees salaries and transaction now that we have whole data over here you can do the diagram View and see let’s go back to data View and try to delete this delete yeah now we can go to this diagram View and let’s build some relationships we can now basically connect staff ID over here with that staff ID of the transaction table so you can just click over here and attached to this so it has created a relationship same goes for the employee level the employee Level under the salaries table and this Level under this employee table we’ll connect this so it got connected so now that we have basically added connection it’s no longer just three tables but one large data model now we will go back to this data View and we can basically add columns if we want as we have the selling price and the cost price we will find out the profit in add a column you need to write here just equals you have to just click the selling price minus this cost price and just click enter over here this is basically our profit and now we will rename this as profit now we have the staff ID what if we want to know their names as well not only their staff IDs now basically we will write over here equals related and you will get a suggestion over here as related and then if you click on enter you will get all these options now basically I want this employee name to be written and click enter and close this parenthesis and finally click enter and see you have got the names now what about measures asume we want the sum of all the profit we all meet we will go down somewhere over here and select a sell and over here I will write equals sum sum and click on enter and then choose profits and I will close this parenthesis and put on enter see it’s done now I can rename this as total profit as it looks good and click on enter definitely it will change here in the cell as well now we are all set to begin the analysis and click on just pivot table and then click on existing worksheet and just okay it may seem like a normal pivot table but it’s not we actually have three tables over here employees salaries and transactions let’s assume we want to see which employee is getting what Revenue so under employees we will drag the names to rows we will drag the names to rows and we want the revenue that will be under the transaction table selling price and I will drag you to values then if you want to see the level they belong to under salaries and the salaries we can often go to employee level and add it to the columns now it looks good now when you move forward just beside this measures we have kpis and click on kpi new kpi we can have an absolute value like for example I’ll give 20,000 that is a target value basically and I will choose this icon and I’ll click on okay now I will clean it a bit okay I will only have profit and values under it so under the transaction we will go to this total profit I’ll click on status and see I have got this Anna and John is basically not doing well they have basically failed to achieve the Target and the whole team may be not doing very good this Alex and Sam they are basically having a not so good one but yeah they have passed it and Jones too so Microsoft 365 co-pilot is one of the latest AI products launched by Microsoft so the Microsoft 365 co-pilot will be your AI assistant for all your office sus from Microsoft so it can help you EAS up your process of making PowerPoint presentations it can help you write down the notes on Microsoft Word and many more but today we will be using this particular 365 copilot for our data analytics using Excel so let me remind you this particular AI tool works with the versions of Microsoft Office 365 and later right now there should be a new feature added upon to your Excel on the top right corner of your home button but again if it’s not it’s completely all right you can use your Microsoft home button where you can find the Microsoft 365 Co pilot so let’s navigate to the home button yeah now I’m on my home button and here you can see a small icon which is completely new out of nowhere this is your co-pilot right and you can just click on it and you can fire your co-pilot and uh today’s point of discussion is about co-pilot with Microsoft Excel so when you are starting Excel there are some prequisites when you’re working with copilot So currently it is in the preview mode so it is capable of using some data set which is in the table format I have converted this into a table format it’s really simple contr a to select all the celles and then contrl T to convert this table uh the option my data set has headers and okay so your data it will be converted into a table and another prerequisite is when you pop up the Microsoft uh co-pilot it will asks you for a data set which is under 1,000 kilobytes so my data set here is about 800 kilobytes which should be here so the only process is you just have to click on this particular option which says attachments go to the data set that you want to work today so I’ll be selecting my sales EU copy and just press open it it will take a little time because it’s completely new so it might take a little time for that so the only uh catch is Microsoft co-pilot is a little slow compared to the other competive co-pilots or AI modules it’s not a big deal they will catch up soon let’s wait for some time while the D set loads and then you can fire some of the commands let’s say I have given my command here please help me create a regional wise sales report with this data set and can also give a few more commands right so it’s loaded right now you can see the icon here now you can write down give me country wise sales report and just fire the command you can also um you know perform all your data analytics what you regularly do right when you have a sales data set you might be wondering what it can do and what it cannot you just have to build a story about the report what you want to create create and then just you know write it down to the co-pilot and it will generate the report that you are looking for currently it is working on the country-wise sales report so it should be giving me the report shortly it’s okay so there are some problems with this so maybe it’s the data set data type so here we have uh country and the data is General so you might want to change that to text format or character format so you have the text data type here and just okay now save it back now you can ask the copilot once again okay or let’s try to do a different one okay now here we have the order date and column C right now let’s say I wanted to find out which day did they inquisit right is it a Friday is it a Saturday or Monday right so just try to ask the copilot let me write it down can you help me find out which week of the day was an order placed you we have a column named aate column is C we need a new column that tells me the day of the week when an order was placed so let’s file the command now it should give us a column D which is an empty column right next to order date or it should give us the steps to do the same just by the command it might take a little while okay here we have it certainly I’ll create a new column D and you D set great this is what we needed and so let’s try to ask another query can you tell me name of the customer with highest sale record in the data set so the previous query which we fired at will not be reflected on this particular D set but it can be reflected on the basis that shared with the go pilot here so currently I don’t have a

direct connection with my Excel over here I think it should be taking some time for getting me an update over here but anyways it will be updated in the say that it is currently dealing with that’s not a problem now let us see what’s the answer I apologize but it seems that I’m unable to extract any text content from the uploaded file it’s okay let’s try to file there are some discrepancies but it should be resolved soon but let’s let’s try some other thing like region wise sale so let’s say you are an Excel expert so you can do it within a few fraction of seconds you can just apply filters and get that data but there are a lot of people new to excel so for them the co-pilot from Microsoft could be a boon right but down the line there are improvements rolling out so I could predict that it could be a lot faster and can have seamless integration with your Microsoft Excel and your co-pilot and things could be a lot easier right so far we have the result over here so it is giving us a few results and it is finding a little difficulty to extract a few that shouldn’t be a problem in a few couple of days where the new updates roll out so um proceeding ahead let’s try to give it another query or so so let’s check the data set so here we have the categories and sub categories I think we can give it uh okay can you give me the category wise profits so here we can identify which category is performing really good and giving us highest number of profits so I think let’s check out if we have a profits column yes we do have a profits column over here so let’s check that brilliant right so it’s giving us distilled reports in one prompt so that should be helpful for any of the data analysts which are aspiring right and which don’t have have any idea about how Excel really works okay it seems that I’m able to extract text content from uploaded files okay let’s try to copy this and write it down as okay is it category okay let’s copy this as well I think it’s about the case right category subcategory okay let’s let’s first subcategory category sales report okay it’s giving us the pre answer to the previous query okay I think this should help it’s unable to extract a lot of answers so far currently there should be some discrepancy but down the line it should be fixed able to extract any text content from the uploaded file okay so basically that’s how you can work with your co-pilot in Microsoft 365 Exel so there are some discrepancies so far so it should be fixed down the line so that’s how you can use copilot in Excel for your data analytics and and with that we have come to an end of this session on Microsoft 365 co-pilot for Excel and if you have any queries regarding any of the topics covered in this session or if you require any of the resources that we used in the session like the data set that we used which is in tabular format and under 1,000 k byes please do let us know in the comment section below and RM effect Parts we’ll be happy to resolve all your queries on the aist let us know your experience working with co-pilot and Excel and we can learn a thing or two from you as well hey everyone welcome to Simply learns YouTube channel today we will learn how to use Microsoft power query that said if these are the type of videos you’d like to watch then hit that like And subscribe buttons and the bell icon to get notified now without further delay let’s get started with the topic which is how to use Microsoft power query so imagine you have a lot of data it can be an Excel file it can be a PDF SQL database cloud or anything if it is Data it’s your data right so you have a lot of data now you have the source of the data after that I’m absolutely sure that the data is not clean enough to perform some analysis so you go through another step where you have to clean your data from unwanted rows and columns which doesn’t make sense or might have some invalid data right so you need to make sure that your data is completely accurate and has some standards for your analysis right so that’s the next step which is clean and transform after the clean and transform step you have the next step which is load that particular data to your platform it could be Excel it could be some data visualization tool like TBL power VI Etc right after that you generate some meaningful information of that you create some pivot tables pivot charts and uh line graphs Etc right so which makes the some sensor of that data you will understand what what exactly is happening with your business how many leads or how many traffic orders what’s right and which is the best performing product which is the worst performing product and you need to take some decisions on your business which can make some impact on your overall profit or Revenue right so imagine if you want to do this for an year if you get one year’s data and you do it in a day or two it’s fine and if it’s on a monthly basis you get month-on-month data and you want to do it okay it could not be worse you can spend one or two days and it’s fine but if what if it’s week on week you start to think right what if it’s a daily task it’s a mundane task right you have to do all these Steps step by step repetitively and it it doesn’t make any you interested anymore in that particular type of job and uh the major point of this is you end up spending more time on cleaning the data transforming loading it and the worst part you don’t get proper time specific time which you want to actually dedicate to plan out something and bring up strategies to improve your business right so what if you could automate this right what if there is someone who could perform all these steps for you in in the way you want and you can actually have some time to produce some pivot tables pivot charts and then understand what exactly is happening with your business and find out some critical points where you can improvise and bring up some good Revenue what if there was someone who can perform all these steps for you clean your data transform it the way you want load it to your platform and help you create your P charts and P tables and actually save you a lot of time where you can spend all that time understanding your critical points where you need attention you can fix them and plan some strategies out to bring out some good Revenue right that exact someone who can do all these steps for you and automate your data cleaning data transformation and loading tasks for you is exactly the Microsoft power query so you can use Microsoft power query either in Microsoft Excel or Microsoft PI right now let’s uh kind of generate some data so uh this data will be generated using chat GPD and we will not generate data like which is not small like for a week on WE analysis or a day-by-day analysis we will create data for years so we will take five consecutive years starting from 2020 to 2024 and we will have some uh data generated using chat GPD and we will Auto me that data and try to get some analysis done right let’s jump on to chat GPD so before we go to chat GPD I have a prompt written here so this particular prompt will guide or explain chat jpd what exactly you want right so giving some uh like the Excel data right over here we have audit date order ID shift mode and customer name customer ID everything right so we have the sales quantity discount profit Etc so in the same format or a similar format if not the same format we are explaining chat gbt that we need these columns the order ID order date delivery date Etc and we want all these files in a downloadable Excel file links right so you can also specify this column should have certain certain things and this column can have certain certain things right so we will copy this prompt and head back to chat GPD and you can just paste the prompt and and hit enter there you go now your request has been analyzed and shortly you should be receiving some downloadable Excel files or some recommendations from chat GPD I’ve already performed this process and we have already downloaded some data so there you you go you have the data from 2020 to 2024 you can just click on this to download the file so I’ve already uh done this job and U I’ve downloaded the files so so those files are exactly in my downloads here so if you go to downloads here we have ERS data for 2021 2022 2023 and 2024 so this orders data has just one file which is orders 2020 so we will perform the data cleaning so first we will specify the source of the data then we will perform the data cleaning and transformation process then we load this particular Excel 2020 data into Excel and then we load this Excel data into the visualization tool we’ll use Excel for this and then generate some pivot tables and pivot charts we will only do this for one file which is 2020 right now what’s the surprising part is this particular file will also get data continuously for the next year 2021 for the next year 2022 for the next year 2023 and the current year 2024 right when we just copy paste or cut copy paste these files into this particular folder the same transformation steps the same data cleaning steps and the same data loading steps and also including the analysis will be done for you in the Excel pivot table right the process has been just automated right so you can see that happening for that let’s open a new Excel file so I have the Excel folder right over here so a new blank Excel workbook will be opened and if you go to data here you have get data as we said it can be a file it can be an Excel file XML Json PDF it can be from cloud it can be from a SQL database any any other source if it’s data you can work from it so we will give a file here right so just uh uh okay so so we will give a file here so select file and go to the last option which reads us from folder right so go to downloads and select that AIT data yeah go to downloads and select that a this data remember this particular folder should have only one file according to us which is 2020 data the first year data right select the folder and open and this should include the data of only one file which is AUST 2020 right so if you have have multiple files you can either combine transform and load if you have just one file you can just go with the transformation option over here or you can load if you are comfortable with what you have so I feel there are some minor changes which I would like to make to my data so I would go with the transform option now the power query window will shortly open now with the power query window opened you can select the orders 2022 Excel folder and it will be loaded now let’s try to cck click on the content button over here which should load our data now you can go with the first file so here’s the preview as we expected we have the order ID order date delivery date Etc just press on okay so the data has been successfully loaded right now we have the First Column as Source name which we will not be needing anymore and you can just remove that order ID is fine order date is fine is it no right so you can just select both the columns and change the data type right so here you have the option of change the data type where you will change the data type from whole number to date so that you get a date right so you have that the First Transformation step changing data type has been recorded here so this is like uh we uh Excel vbx or macro which will save all the steps and will apply uh to all the uh upcoming files right you have to change the type of delivery date as well so we will be finding uh the how many days it took to deliver or if if the delivery got delayed right so we can test that and here if you see uh yes we requested customer ID and customer name so we got customer ID along with the name so we don’t want that we want that in two separate columns we can do that so you can just select the entire column go to the split column option over here select by D limiter so I think it all automatically recognize that for us but there is one loophole we have a space Del limiter space option so just press okay and they should be helping us with the customer ID so let’s rename the customer ID to just customer ID and this to uh customer name space name right and that’s done here we have product which is fine quantity is fine traffic is fine leads is fine orders and here comes the money part so we have Revenue cost to company so we don’t know the profit yet right so to calculate the profit what you need to do is substract revenue from cost to the company and automatically you will get your profit so in some instances you might get a negative value don’t worry about that because uh that can be a discount offer or some 50% off 75% off that you regularly sell out your products which are selling in less num so that you can just you know uh move out the products from the store so that can be done and order status so we have order status as delivered in transit not delivered yet or order cancelled right so we might have to rule out some uh status here right right so we are calculating profit here so we don’t want the profit for cancelled orders or not delivered okay maybe okay okay not delivered orders uh this might be considered as the cost of company and revenue because uh it takes some delay to refund the amount to the customers so we can just add a filter to this particular column and and uh we will unselect not delivered products and Order cancel products so not delivered happens when the vendor is not available to deliver the product to the delivery agencies so in that case uh the order gets automatically cancelled and uh the order will be the money will be refunded to the customer so we will rule out these now the data is clean now uh as we thought to calculate the profit select these two columns first Revenue then cost a company because we are subtracting cost to company from revenue right so we will go to add to column and standard and here we have some options so we will subtract that so we will get the profit here so now you can name it as profit done so we just move that column to the money part of this particular data set so profit cost to company and revenue are the money parts so we will change data typ from just values to currency right so then that should be converted into the dollars format now the first one we don’t need this Source name so you can just rule out this you can just uh remove this column and there you go now you have a clean data you have the order ID order date delivery date yeah we forgot uh the another part of this particular data set transformation where we wanted to find out the number of dat it took to deliver the product okay I think we changed order ID so we don’t want this so the first okay let’s change this to the to the whole number as it was okay so order ID fine now we wanted to find out the number of days it took to deliver the product so we will select the delivery date first and then the order date second go to add column and uh we will select subtract in days and we should have that now let’s change the uh substract subtraction name to days to Der and you can move this column right select the whole column and hold it drag it and you can move this column along with the dates part of this data set where we have the ordered date and delivered date right right over here and you will find how many days it took to deliver a certain product now um let’s recheck once order ID order date delivery date dat to deliver customer ID customer name what product did he or she ordered and what quantity and uh the traffic which we received to the website the traffic which we received to the website the number of leads we got out of those traffic numbers the number of orders we got out of those uh uh lease and what’s the revenue we got out of those orders and what was theost the company and what is the profit that we made out of that order right and we also have the order status remember we only considered remember we only considered two types right uh we considered in transit and delivered statuses only we ruled out cancelled orders and not delivered orders so that we have accurate results of our profit made and revenue made out of this right now I’m completely satisfied with my transformation and cleaning of my dat set now let’s go to home and here we have the option of close and load so we will go with that and this particular dat set should be loaded to the data visualization where we have selected Excel right uh so we have the ERS data for 20 20 correct okay let’s not add date here because after all we will have some more data for 2021 2 3 and four right so let it be the way it is and if you just check the filter here we have only one year and if you just check the filter here you will have only one year and if you just check the filter here you will have only one year 2020 and if you go to the delivery date which let’s say if you have an order placed on December 31st and it got delivered on January 5th or something so you’ll have a little bit of a part of 2021 data which is completely all right not to be worried about so the main important thing is audit date so we want the audit dates of 2020 so that is loaded here right now you can just select the whole data set over here and uh uh you can add or insert some pivot tables here right from the selected range and uh let’s go with the default option which creates a new sheet and everything in a new location right here you have it now let’s say you wanted to make out some insights from this uh data set let’s delete the other sheet which we don’t want and let’s name it as pivot now the products will be loaded to the columns and uh profit will be loaded to values so you have a data set over here sum of profit from beds chairs cupboards sofa tort so here you have the pivot table which has sum of profit bed chair cupboard soofa T and grand total sum of profits made from these these these and these now select this entire data and go to the sech option here go to the pivot chart and uh here automatically here you can see that it is you know suggesting or recommending us to go for the bar chart which is a lot more better to s okay and you have your PIV chart here right and see the grand total here 22 4811 4.15 now this is only for one years of data now what we will do is go back to the downloads folder select the remaining years which is 2021 2 3 and 4 add that to the file location so let’s quickly go to our folder here and go to downloads select the folders I’m going to cut them from here go to a data and paste them here right now our job is done if we go back to the data here go to home and data okay so now that we have added the data to our folder go to the a data and here select the data segment and just select refresh all so everything is refreshed now let’s check the audit date filter and we will have all the five years from 2020 to 1 2 3 and four and let’s press okay for that and if you go to the pivot table you can also see the changes here just press refresh all and there you go you have the updated data right over here now that saved a lot of time for you and now that time can be utilized to plan a strategy and focus on the lower parts of your business and improvise them and bring a big change to the revenue and with that we have come to an end of this session on how to use Microsoft powerquery so here you can see that I’ve got some sales data of various car manufacturing companies and I’ve also got some slices so using these slicers I can get the realtime information from the dashboard so I’ll select an E from the first slicer and I’ll go into the second slicer and I’ll select a company now I’ll select BMW and SUV type so we have the data of all the SUV types cars manufactured by BMW car manufacturing company in the year 2018 now let’s start and create something similar to this one so how did I create this mis report let’s go through this in a step-by-step way so on my screen you can see that we have created a completely new Excel workbook and we have some sample data with five rows and 20 columns so this particular data is is based on the manufacturer year and the car manufacturing company and the type of the car manufactured and number of cars manufactured in that particular year and also the price of that particular car now to create Mis reports we need to play around P tables so we also have tutorials on P tables and you can go through that in our simply learn YouTube channel and also we will try to link those in the description box below now let’s select the entire data and go into the insert ribbon and there you can see the first option that is pivot table so after selecting the pivot table option it will show this particular dialogue box where it will ask you for the range of cells you need to select and the next one is to create the P table in the same sheet or a new sheet so we’ll take a new sheet here now select okay and there you go you have the pivot table here so first you have an empty pivot table and on the right side you can see we have p table Fields now you can either drag these options into the rows and columns or you can also click it so now let’s drag and drop these first we will select here and car followed by that we will take type quantity and price to columns so there you go we have our pivot table now let’s select all the data in the pivot table table and again let’s get back to the insert option and here you can see an option called pivot chart select that and you will have various pivot chart options here now you can select any one which you can prefer or which you like or whichever you think can represent your data in a best way possible so now let’s go with column chart first let’s select okay and we have our column chart over here now this happens to be our first chart now let’s create a few more charts so to create few more charts we’ll go back to the same original data select again insert and pivot table now again a new worksheet so here we have another Mt P table in the similar way let’s drag the same data into Ros and columns there you go and again we will select all the data and create a pivot chart go to insert option pivot chat and now let’s try to select pie chat select okay and we have our pie chart over here now let’s try to to create one more same procedure select table select pivot table then create new worksheet for the new pivot table and now drag and drop the data now let’s go to insert again let’s select all the data go to insert option and pivot chart now let’s try to select the bar chart select okay and there we have our bar chart now remember the first chart we created that is in sheet two this one so we will try to move all the charts to this particular table or this particular worksheet so let’s get back to the sheet number three right click and you can see an option called pivot chart analyze so from here you can move the chart select the option of moving the chart and don’t select the first one select the object in option and select the sheet number to which you want to move this chart for now we want to move this chart to sheet number two select that press okay now we have the chart moved to the sheet number two and in the same way let’s go to the sheet number four and let’s move this particular chart to sheet number two there you go the chart got moved to sheet number two now you can insert the slices so we have selected the third sheet or third chart and inside the pivot chart analyze option we have an option of inserting the slicer now we will insert the slicers for ear car and type now select okay and you will have all the three slices onto your sheet now let’s rearrange them so I’m just organizing them in a neat way there you go and you can also customize your designs for all the charts so that they look a little more better now if you see if I make some changes only one chart will be interacting for this right so if I select Ferrari and year 2020 and option as Sports you can see only one chart is interacting to these particular slices why because all these slices are connected to just one chart here so you need to make sure that all these slices are connected to all the three charts what we created so let’s erase all the filters and select one slicer at a time right click and you will see an option of report connections select that and you see that the connections are only connected to the pivot table 3 so select the remaining pivot tables as well select okay and in the same way select the second slicer select the report connection option connect pivot table 1 and two and select okay and in the same way the third one so now all the slices are connected to all the pivot charts now if you make some changes here they will respond automatically in the same way now let’s select the for company the year 2019 and hatchback option and you have all the cars which were made in the year 2019 from Ford Company in the segment of hashack so this was the sample data set that we worked on now you can also work on some complex data set such as this Superstore data set now one thing you need to make sure that when you’re working with Exel Mis they need to make sure that all the macros are disabled on your data set and you convert the entire data into the regular table format of excel right now Excel is considering this particular data as a database so for that you need to select all the datar Press contrl T and then convert the entire data in the form of tabular data and also don’t forget to click this icon which reads my table has headers so the first row is the headers now let’s select okay and your entire data will be converted into tabular form now let’s reset this to the normal type which has the clear color not all the fancy colors now the entire data is converted from the dbms to the tulet form and now you can start implementing the Mis reports and PIV tables and uh so why exactly do we need to do time series analysis typically we would like to predict something in the future and uh it could be stock prices it could be the sales or um anything that needs to be predicted into the future that is when we use time series analysis so it is um as the name suggests it is forecasting and typically when we say predict it need not be into the future in machine learning in data analysis when we talk about predicting we are not necessarily talking about the future but in Time series analysis we typically predict the future so we have some past data and we want to predict the future that is when we perform time series analysis so what are some of the examples uh it could be daily stock price the shares as we talk about or it could be the interest rates weekly interest rates or sales figures of a company so these are some of the examples where we use time series data we have historical data which is dependent on time and then based on that we create a model to predict the future so what exactly is uh time series so time series data has time as one of the components as the name suggests so in this example let’s say this is the stock price data and uh one of the components so there are two columns here column B is the price and column A is basically the time information in this case the time is a day so the primarily the closing price of a particular stock has been recorded on a daily basis so this is a Time series data and the time interval is obviously ly a day time series or time intervals can be daily weekly hourly or even sometimes there is something like a sensor data it could be every few milliseconds or micros seconds as well so the size of the time intervals can vary but they are fixed so if I’m saying that the it is daily data then the interval is fixed as daily if I’m saying this data is an hourly data then it is the data is captured every hour and so on so the time intervals are fixed the interval itself you can uh decide based on what kind of data we are capturing so this is a graphical representation the previous one here we saw the table representation and this is how to plot the data so on the Y AIS is let’s say the price or the the stock price and x-axis is the time so against time if you plot it this is how a Time series graph would look so as the name suggest what is time series data time series data is basically a sequence of data that is recorded over a specific intervals of time and based on the past Valu so if we want to do an analysis of Time series past data we try to forecast a future and uh again as the name suggests it is time series data which means that it is time dependent so time is one of the components of this data time series data consists of primarily four components one is the trend then we have the seasonality then cyclicity and then last but not least regularity or the random component sometimes is also referred to as a random component so let’s see what each of these components are so what is Trend trend is overall change or the pattern of the data which means that the data maybe let me just uh pull up the pen and uh show you so let’s say you have a data set somewhat like this a Time series data set somewhat like this all right so what is the overall trend there is an overall trend which is upward Trend as we call it here right so it is not like it is continuously increasing there are times when it is dipping then there are times when it is increasing then it is decreasing and so on but overall over a period of time from the time we start recording to the time we end there is a trend right there is an upward Trend in this case so the trend need not always be upwards there could be a downward Trend as well so for example here there is a downward Trend right so this is basically what is a trend overall whether the data is increasing or decreasing all right then we have the next component which is seasonality what is seasonality seasonality as the name suggests once again changes over a period of time and periodic changes right so there is a certain pattern um let’s take the sales of warm clothes for example so if we not it along the months so let’s say January February March April May June July and then let’s say it goes up to December okay so this is our December D I will just mark it as D and then you again have Jan FB March and then you get another December okay and just for Simplicity let’s mark this as December as the end of the year and then one more December okay so what will happen when if you’re talking about warm clo clothes what happens the sales of warm clothes will increase probably around December when it is cold and then they will come down and then again around December again they will increase and then the sales will come down and then there will be again an increase and then they will come down and then again an increase and then they will come down let’s say this is the sales pattern so you see here there is a trend as well there is an upward Trend right the sales are increasing over let’s say these are multiple years this is for year 1 this is for year two this is for year three and so on so for multiple years overall the trend there is an upward Trend the sales are increasing but it is not a continuous increase right so there is a certain pattern so what is happening what is the pattern every December the sales are increasing or they are peing for that particular year right then there is a new year again when December approaches the sales are increasing again when December approaches the sales are increasing and so on and so forth so this is known as seasonality so there is a certain fluctuation which is uh which is periodic in nature so this is known as seasonality then cyclicity what is cyclicity now cyclicity is somewhat similar to seasonality but here the duration between two cycles is much longer so seasonality typically is referred to as an annual kind of a sequence like for example we saw here so it is pretty much like every year in the month of December the sales are increasing however cyclicity what happens is first of all the duration is pretty much not fixed and the duration or the Gap length of time between two cycles can be much longer so recession is an example so we had let’s say recession in 2001 or 2002 perhaps and then we had one in 2008 and then we had probably in 2012 and so on and so forth so it is not like every year this happens probably so there is usually when we say recession there is a slump and then it recovers and then there is a slump and then it recovers and probably there is another bigger slump and so on right so you see here this is similar to seasonality but first of all this length is much more than a year right that is number one and it is not fixed as well it is not like every four years or every six years that duration is not fixed so the the duration can vary and at the same time the gap between two cycles is much longer compared to seasonality all right so then what is irregularity irregularity is like the random component of the time series data so there is like you have part which is the trend which tells whether the overall it is increasing or decreasing then you have cyclicity and seasonality which is like kind of a specific pattern right uh then there is a cyclicity which is again a pattern but at much longer intervals plus there is a random component so which is not really which cannot be accounted for very easily right so there will be a random component which can be really random as the name suggests right so that is the irregularity component so these are the various components of Time series data yes there are conditions where we cannot use time series analysis right so is it can we do time series analysis with any kind of data no not really so so what are the situations where we are uh we cannot do time series analysis so there will be some data which is collected over a period of time but it’s really not changing so it will not really not make sense to perform any time series analysis over it right for example like this one so if we take X as the time and Y as the value of whatever the output we talking about and if the Y value is constant there is really no analysis that you can do uh leave a time series analysis right so that is one another possibility is yes there is a change but it is changing as per a very fixed function like a sine wave or a c wave again time series analysis will not make sense in this kind of a situation because there is a definite pattern here there is a definite function that the data is following so it will not make sense to do a Time series analysis now before performing any time series analysis uh the data has to be stationary and uh typically time series data is not stationary so in which case you need to make the data stationary before we apply any models like ARA model or any of these right so what exactly is stationary data and what is meant by stationary data let us take a look first of all what is non-stationary data time series data if you recall from one of my earlier slides we said that time series data has the following four components the trend seasonality cyc and random random component or irregularity right so if these components are present in Time series data it is non-stationary which means that typically these components will be present therefore most of the time A Time series data that is collected raw data is non-stationary data so it has to be changed to stationary Data before we apply any of these algorithms all right so a nonstationary Time series data would look like this which means like for example here there is an upward Trend the seasonality component is there and also the random component and so on so if the data is not stationary then the time series forecasting will be affected so you cannot really perform a Time series forecasting on a non-stationary data so how do we differentiate between a stationary and a non-stationary Time series data typically or technically one is of course you can do it visually in non-stationary data the the data will be more flattish the seasonality will of course be there but the trend will not be there so the data May if we plot that it may appear somewhat like this right it’s a horizontal line along the horizontal line you will see compared to the original data which was there was an upward Trend so it was changing somewhat like this right so this is non-stationary data and this is how a stationary data would look visually what does this mean technically this means that stationarity of the data depends on a few things what the mean the variance and the co-variance so these are the three components on which the stationarity of the data depends so let’s take a look at what each of these are for stationary data the mean should not be a function of time which means that the mean should pretty much remain constant over a period of time right so there is there shouldn’t be any change uh so this is how the stationary data Outlook and this is how a non-stationary data Outlook I’ve shown in the previous slide as well so here the mean is increasing that means there is an upward Trend okay so that is one part of it and then the variance of the series should not be also a function of time so the variance also should be pretty much common or should be constant rather uh so this is a if we visually we take a look this is how time series stationary data would look where the variance is not changing here the variance is changing therefore this is nonstationary and we cannot apply Time series is forecasting on this kind of data similarly the co-variance which is basically of the ath term and the i+ MTH term should not be a function of time as well so co-variance is nothing but not only the variance at the ith term but the relation between the variance of the ith term and the I plus MTH or the I plus n term so as again once again visually this is how it would look if the co-variance is also changing with respect to time so these are the all three components should be pretty much constant and that is when you have stationary data and in order to perform time series analysis the data should be stationary okay so let’s take a look at uh the concept of moving average or the method of moving average and let’s see how it works we’ll do simple calculations so let’s say this is our sample data we have the data for three months January February March the sales in hundreds of in thousands rather not hundreds thousands of dollars is given here and uh now we want to find the moving average so how do we find the moving average we call it as moving average three so moving average three is nothing but you take three of the values or the readings add them up and uh divide by three basically the way we take a mean or average of the three values so that is as simple as that so that’s the average first of all so what is moving average moving average is if you now have a series of data you keep taking the three values the next next three values and then you take the average of that and then the next three values and so on and so forth so that is how you take the moving average so let’s take a little more detailed example of car sales so this is how we have the car sales data for the entire year let’s say so rather for four years so year one we have for each quarter quarter 1 2 3 4 and then year two quarter 1 2 3 4 and so on and so forth so this is how we have sales data of a particular car let’s say or a showroom and uh we want to forecast for year five so we have the data for four years we now want to forecast for the fifth year let’s see how it works first of all if we plot the data as it is uh taken the raw data this is how it would look and uh what do you think it is is it stationary no right because there is a trend upward Trend so this is not a stationary data so we um we need to later we will see how to make it stationary but to start with just an example we will not worry about it for now if we will just go ahead and uh manually do the forecasting using what is known as moving average method okay so we are not applying any algorithm or anything like that in the next video we will see how to apply an algorithm how to make it stationary and so on all right so um here we see that all the three or four components that we talked about um are there there is a trend there is a seasonality and then of course there is some random component as well cyclicity may not be it is possible that cyclicity is not applicable in all the situations for sales especially there may not be or unless you’re taking a sales for maybe 20 30 years cyclicity may not come into play so we will just consider uh primarily the trend seasonality and irregularity right so Random it is also known as random irregularity right so we were calling the random or irregularity component so these are the three main components typically in this case we will talk about so this is the component and um we will see how to do these uh calculations so let’s take a look red draw the table including the time code we will add another column which is the time code and uh this the column and we’ll just number it like 1 2 3 4 up to 16 the rest of the data Remains the Same okay so we will do the calculations now now let us do the moving average calculations um or ma4 as we call it for each year so we take all the four quarters and we take an average of that so if we add up these four values and divide by four you get the moving average of 3.4 so we start by putting the value here so that will be for the third quarter let’s say 1 2 3 the third quarter then we will go on to the next one so we take the next four values as you see here and take the average of that which is the moving average for the next quarter and so on and so forth now if we just do the moving average uh it is not centered so what we do is we basically add one more column and we calculate the centered moving average as shown here so here what we do is we take the average of two values and then just adding these values here so for example the first value for the third quarter is actually the average of the third and the fourth quarter so we have 3.5 now it gets centered so similarly the next value would be 3.6 + 3.9 ided 2 so which is 3.7 and so on and so forth okay so that is the centered moving average this is done primarily to smooth the data so that there are not too many rough edges so that is what we do here so if we visualize this data now uh this is how it looks right so if we take the centered moving average as you can see there is a gradual increase if this was not the case if we had not centered it the changes would have been much sharper so that is the basically the smoothening that we are talking about now let’s go and or do the forecast for the fifth year so in order to do the forecast what we will do is we will take the centered moving average as our Baseline and then start doing a few more calculations that are required in order to come up with the prediction so what we are going to do is we are going to use this multiplicity or M multiplicative model in this case and this is how it it looks so we take the product of seasonality and uh the trend and the irregularity components and we just multiply that and in order to get that this product of these two We have basically the actual value divided by CMA YT value divided by CMA will give you the predicted value on YT is equal to the product of all three components therefore St into Y is equal to YT by CMA so this is like this is equal to YT right so therefore if we want St into YT the product of seasonality and irregularity is equal to YT by CMA so that is how we will work it out I also have an Excel sheet of the actual data so let me just pull that up all right so this is how the data looks in Excel as you can see here year 1 quarter 1 2 3 4 year 2 quarter 1 2 3 4 and so on and this is the sales data and then this is the moving average as I mentioned this is how we calculate and this is the centered moving average so this is the primary component that we will start working with and then we will calculate since we want the product of St into ITT that is equal to YT by CMA so if you see these values are nothing but the YT value divided by CMA so in this case it is 4 by 3.5 which is 1.14 similarly 4.5 by 3.7 1.22 and so on and so forth so we take we have the product St into it and uh then the next step is to calculate the average of respective quarters so that is what we are doing here average of respective quarters and then we need to calculate the deseasonalized values so in order to get deseasonalized value we need to divide YT by St that was calculated so for example here it is 2.8 by .9 so we got the decisional value here and uh then we get the trend and then we get the predicted values so in order to get the predicted value which is basically we predict the values for known values as well like for example year one quarter one we know the value but now that we have our model we predict ourselves and see how close it is so we predicted as 2.89 whereas the actual value is 2.8 then we have 2.59 the actual value is 2.1 and so on just to see see how our model works and then continue that into the fifth year because for fifth year we don’t have a reference value okay and if we plot this we will come to know how well our calculations are how well our manual model in this case we did not really use a model but we did on our own manually so it will tell us the trend so for example the predicted value is this gray color here and you can see that it is actually pretty much following the actual value which is the blue color color right and the gray color is the predicted value so the wherever we know the values up to year four we can see that our predicted values are following or pretty much very close to the actual values and then from here onwards when the year five starts the blue color line is not there because we don’t have the actual values only the predicted values so we can see that since it was following the trend pretty much for the last four years we can safely assume that it has understood the pattern and it is predicting correctly for the next one year the next four quarters right so that is what we are doing here so these four quarters we did not have actual data but we have the predicted values so let’s go back and see how this is working in this using the slides so this is we already saw this part and um I think it was easier to see in the Excel sheet so we calculated the St it the product of St and it using the formula like here y by YT by CMA we got that and then we got ST which is basically YT so this is average of the first quarters for all the four years and uh similarly this is the average of the second quarter for all the four years and so on so these values are repeating there are they are calculated only once they get repeated as you can see here and uh then we get the deseasonalized data and that is basically YT by St so we calculated St here and we have YT so y YT by St will give you the deseasonalized data and uh we have got rid of the seasonal and The Irregular components so far now what we are left with is the trend and uh before we start the time series forecasting or time series analysis as I mentioned earlier we need to completely get rid of the non-stationary components so we are still left with the trend component so now let us also remove the trend component in order to do that we have to find the or we have to calculate the intercept and slope of the data because that is required to calculate the trend and uh how are we going to do that we will actually use um what is known as a regression tool or Analytics tool that is available in Excel so you remember we have our data in ex Excel so let me take you to the Excel and uh here we need to calculate the intercept and the slope in order to do that we have to use the regression mechanism and in order to use the regression mechanism we have to use the Analytics tool that comes with Excel so how do you activate this tool so this is how you would need to activate the Tool uh from Excel you need to go to options and uh uh in options there will be addin and in addin you will have um analysis tool pack and you select this and um you just say go it will open up a box like this you say analysis tool pack and you say Okay And now when you come back in to the regular view of excel in the data tab you will see data analysis activated so you need to go to file options and addins and then analysis tool pack typically since I’ve already added it it is coming at the top but it would come under inactive application addin so when you’re doing it for the first time so don’t use VBA you just say analysis tool pack there are two options one with VBA like this one and one without VBA so just use the one without VBA and then instead of just saying okay just take care that you click on this go and not just okay so you say go then it will give you these options only then you select just the analysis tool pack and then you say okay all right so and then when you come back to the main view you click on data okay so this is your normal home view perhaps so you need to come to data and here is where you will see data analysis available to you and then if you click on that there are a bunch of possibilities what kind of data anal analysis you want to do if there are options are given right now we just want to do regression because we want to find the slope and The Intercept so select regression and you say okay and you will get these options for input y range and input X range input y range is the value YT so you just select this and you can select up to here and press enter and input X range you can for now you start with uh the baseline or you can also start with the D seasoned values so you can just click on these and say okay I have already calculated it so these are the intercept and the coefficients that we are getting for these values and we will actually use that to calculate our Trend here right so which is in the J colum so trend is equal to intercept plus slope into the time code so The Intercept is uh out here as we can see in our slide as well so if you see here this is our intercept and the lower value is the slope we have calculated here and it’s shown in the slides as well so intercept the formula is shown here so our trend is equal to intercept plus slope into time code time code is nothing but this one t column A 1 2 3 4 okay so that’s how you calculate the trend and that’s how you use the data analysis tool from Excel using these two we calculate the predicted values and using this formula which is basically trend is equal to intercept plus slope into time code and then we can go and plot it see how it is looking and therefore so we see here that the predicted values are pretty close to the actual values and um therefore we can safely assume that our calculations which are like our manual model is working and hence we we go ahead and predict for the fifth year so till four years we know the actual value as well so we can compare how our model is performing and for the fifth year we don’t have reference values so we can use our equations to calculate the values or predict the values for the fifth year and we can go ahead and safely calculate those values and when we plot for the fifth year as well the predicted values we see that they are pretty much they captured the pattern and we can safely assume that the predictions are fairly accurate as we can also see from the graph in the Excel sheet that we have already seen okay so let’s go and plot it so this is how the plot looks this is the CMA or the centered moving average the green color and then the blue color is the actual data red color is the predicted value predicted by our handcrafted model okay so remember we did not use any regular for forecasting model or any tool we have done this manually and uh the actual tool will be used in the next video this is just to give you an idea about how behind the scenes or under the hood how fusting Works a Time series analysis how it is performed okay so it looks like it has captured the trend properly so up to here is the known reference we have reference and from here onwards it’s purely predicted and uh as I mentioned earlier we can safely assume that the values are accurate and predicted properly for the fifth year so let’s go ahead and Implement a Time series forecast in r first of all we will be using the arima model to do the forecast of uh this time series data so let us try to understand what is arima model so arima is actually an acronym it stands for autor regressive integrated moving average so that is what is ARA model and it is specified by three parameters which is p d and q p stands for autor regressive so let me just mark this so there are three components here Auto regressive integrated moving average okay so these three parameters correspond to those three components so the P stands for auto regressive D for integrated and Q for moving average so let us see what exactly this is so these three factors are p is the number of Auto regressive terms or ar we will see that in a little bit and D is how many levels of differences that we need to do or differentiation we need to do and Q is the number of lagged forecast errors so we’ll see what exactly each of these are so a is the number of autor regressive terms and which is basically denoted by the p and then we have D which is for the number of times it has to be differentiated and then we have q which is for the moving average so what exactly AR terms so in terms of the regression model Auto regressive components refer to the prior values of the current value well what we mean by that is here when we talk about time series data focus on the fact that there is regression so what exactly happens in regression we try to do something like if it a simple linear regression we do some equation like y = mx + C where there are actually there are two variables one is the dependent variable and then there is an independent variable let me just complete this equation as well MX plus C right so this is a normal regression curve or a simple regression curve now here we are talking about Auto regression or Auto regressive so Auto regressive as the name suggests is regression of itself so which means that here you have only one variable which is your maybe the cost of the flights or whatever it is right and the other variable is basically time dependent and therefore the value at any given time and that we will denote as YT for example so there is no X here there is only one variable and which is y and we say YT which is basically the predicted value at a time interval T for example is dependent on the previous Valu so for example there may be A1 and then YT minus1 and then there will be like plus A2 and right plus A2 and YT minus 2 and uh all right and then plus A3 into y tus 3 all right so basically here what we are saying is there’s only one variable here but there is a regression component so we are doing a regression on itself so that’s how the term Auto regression comes into play so only thing is that it is dependent on the pre previous time values so there is a lag let’s say this is the first lag second lag third lag and so on so the current value which is YT is dependent on the previous time lag values so that is what is auto regression component so this is what is shown here for example in this case instead of Y we are calling it as X so that’s the same and this is represented by some equation of that sort depending on how many lags we take so that is the AR component and the term p is BAS basically determines how many lags we are considering so that’s the term e for now what is d d is the degree of differencing so here differencing is like to for the nonseasonal differences right so for example if you take the values like this which are given for five 4 six and so on and so forth if you take the differencing of one after another like for example 5 – 4 or 4 – 5 the next value with the previous value so 4 – 5 so this is known as the first order differencing so the result is min -1 similarly 6 – 4 is 2 7 – 6 is 1 so this is first order differencing and uh here we call it as D is equal to 1 okay and same way we can have second order third order and so on then the last one is q q is the actually by we call it moving average but in reality it is actually the error of the model so we also sometimes represent as ET all right so now ARA model works on the assumption that the data is stationary which means that the trend and seasonality of the data has been removed that is correct okay so this we have discussed in the first part how what exactly is stationary data and how do we remove the non-stationary part of it now in order to test whether the data is stationary or not there are two important components that are considered one is the autocorrelation function and other is the partial autocorrelation function so this is referred to as ACF and pacf all right so what is autocorrelation and what is the definition correlation is basically the similarity between values of a same variable across observations as the name suggest now how do we actually find the aut correlation function the value right so this is basically done by plotting and autocorrelation function also tells you how correlated points are with each other based on how many time steps they are separated by and so on that is basically the time lag that we were talking about and it is also used to determine how past and future data points are related and the value of the autocorrelation function can vary from minus1 to 1 so if we plot this is how it would look autocorrelation function would look somewhat like this and there is actually a readily available function in R so we will see that and you can use that to plot your a corelation function okay so that is ACF and we will see that in our R studio in a little bit and similarly you have partial autocorrelation function so partial autocorrelation function is the degree of association between two variables while adjusting the effect of one or more additional variables so this again can be measured and it can also be plotted and its value once again can go from minus1 to one and it gives the partial correlation of Time series with its own lagged values so lag again we have discussed in the previous uh couple of slides this is how PF plot would look in our studio we will see that as well and once we get into the r studio and with that let’s get into our studio and take a look at our use case before we go into the code let’s just quickly understand what exactly is the objective of this use case so we are going to predict some values or forecast some values and we have the data of the airline ticket sales of the previous years and now we will try to find the or predict the forecast the values for the future years all right so we will basically identify the time series components like Trend seasonality and uh random Behavior we will actually visualize this in our studio and then we will actually forecast the values based on the past values or history data historical data so these are the steps that we follow we will see in our studio in a little bit just quickly let’s go through what are the steps we load the data and it is a Time ser data if we try to find out what class it belongs to the data is actually air passengers data that is already comes preloaded with the our studio so we will be using that and we can take a look at the data and then what is the starting point what is the end point so these are all functions that are really available we’ll be using and then what is the frequency it’s basically frequency is 12 which is like yearly data right so every month the data has been collected so for each year it is 12 and then we can check for many missing values if there are any and then we can take a look at the summary of the data this is what we do in exploratory data analysis and then we can plot the data visualiz the data how it is looking and we will see how the data has some Trend seasonality and so on and so forth all right then we can take a look at the cycle of the data using the cycle function and we can see that it is every month that’s the cycle end of every 12 months a new cycle begins so each month of the year is uh the data is available then we can do box plots to see for each month how the data is varying over the various 10 or 12 years that we will be looking at this data and uh from exploratory data analysis we can identify that there is a trend there is a seasonality component and how the seasonality component varies also we can see from the box plots and we can decompose the data we can use the decompose function rather to see the various components like the C ality Trend and the irregularity part okay so we will see all of this in our studio this is how they will look this is the Once you decompose and this is how you will actually you can visualize the data this is the actual data and this is the trend as you can see it’s going upwards this is the seasonal component and this is your random or irregularity right so we call it irregularity or we can also call it random as you can see here yes so the data must have a constant variance and mean which means that it is stationary before we start any analysis time series analysis and without so basically yeah if it is stationary only then it is easy to model the data perform time series analysis so we can then go ahead and fit the model as uh we discussed earlier we’ll be using ARA model there are some techniques to find out what should be the parameters so we will see that when we go into our studio so the auto ARA function basically tells us what should be the parameters right so these parameters are the p d and q that we talked about that’s what is being shown here so if we use autoa it will basically take all possible values of this PDQ these parameters and it will find out what is the best value and then it will recommend so that is the advantage of using Auto ARA all right so like in uh this case it will tell us what if we use this parameter tra we set the parameter Trace is equal to true then it will basically tell us what is the value of this AIC which has to be minimum so the lower the value the better so for each of these combinations of p d and q it will give us the values here and then it will recommend to us which is the best model okay because whichever has the lowest value of this AIC it will recommend that as your best PDQ values so once we have that we can see that we will basically we can potentially get a model or the equation model is nothing but the equation and based on the parameters that we get and we can do some Diagnostics we can do some plotting to see how whether there is a plot for the residuals so which shows the stationarity and then we can also take a look at the ACF and PF we can plot the ACF and PF and then we can do some forecasting for the future year so in this case we have up to 1960 and then we can see how we can forecast for the next 10 years which is 1970 up to 1970 and once we have done this can we validate this model yes definitely we can validate this model and uh to validate the findings we use uh

junkbox test and this is how you just call box. test and then you pass these parameters and you will get the values that will be returned which will tell us whether this how accurate this model is or accurate the predictions are so the values of P are quite insignificant in this case we will see that and that also indicates that our model is free of autocorrelation and that will basically be it so let’s go back and into our R studio and uh go through these steps in uh real time so we have to import this Library forecast package is not installed you to go here and install the forecast package okay so that’s the easy way to install rather than so click on this install I will not do it now because I’ve already installed so the first time that’s only one time then after that you just have to load it into memory and then keep going so we will load this data called air passengers so by calling this data method and if you see the the data a passengers is loaded here and if we check for the class it is a Time series data TS data so we can check for the dates we can also view the data in a little bit and start date is 19 49 and January and our end date is 1960 December and the frequency is 12 which is like collected monthly so that is the frequency which is uh 12 here and then we check if there are any um missing values there are no missing values and then we take a look at the summary of the data this is all exploratory data analysis and then if you just display the data this is how it looks and then we need to decompose this data so we will kind of store this in an object TS data and then use that to decompose and store the new values let me just clear this for now and uh if we decompose basically as we have seen in the slides decomposing is breaking it into the trend seasonality and The Irregular or random components then you can go ahead and plot it so when you plot it you can see here let me Zoom this this this is our original plot or observed value as it is known as then we have decomposed the three parts which is basically the trend as you can see there is a upward Trend then the seasonal component so this is some regularly occurring pattern and then there is a random value which is basically you cannot really give any equation or function or anything like that so that’s what this plotting has done and then you can actually plot them individually as well so these are the individual plots for the trend for the seasonal component and the Rand component all right so now let’s take a look at the original data and see how the trend is in a way so if we do this linear regression line it will show that the it is going upwards and we can also take a look at the cycle that are there which is nothing but we have a frequency of 12 right so the Cycles will display that it is January February to December and then back to January February and so on and so forth and if we do box plot for the monthly data you will see that for each of the months right and over the 10 years that the data that we have we will see that there is a certain pattern right this is also in a way to find the seasonality component so while January February sales are relatively low around July August the sales pick up so especially in July I think the sales are the highest and this seems to be happening pretty much every year right so this is every year in July there seems to be a peak in the sales and then it goes down and slightly higher in December and so on so that is Again part of our exploratory data analysis and once again let’s just plot the data now as I said in order to fit into an ARA model we need the values of PD and Q now one way of doing it is there are multiple ways actually of doing it the earlier method of doing it was you draw the autocorrelation function plot and then partial aut correlation function plot and then observe that and where does this change and then identify what should be the values of p and Q and so on now R really has a very beautiful method which we can use to avoid all that manual process that we used to do earlier so what R will do is there is a method called Auto ARA and if we just call this Auto ARA method and it will basically go and test the ARA model for all possible values of this parameters PDQ and then it will suggest to you what should be the best model and it will return that best model with the right values of PD and Q so you we as data scientists don’t have to do any manual you know trial and error kind of uh stuff okay so we got the model now and uh this is the model it it has PDQ values are 211 PDQ and this is the seasonal part of it so we can ignore it for now and so if we want to actually understand how this has returned these values 21 one as the best one there is another functionality or feature where we can use this Trace function or Trace parameter so if you pass to Auto ARA the trace parameter what it will do is it will show you how it is doing this calculation what is the value of the AIC basically ASC is what you know defines the accuracy of the model the lower the better okay so for each each combination of PDQ it will show us the value of AIC so let’s run it before instead of me talking so much let’s run this if we run auto ARA with Trace you see here there is a red mark here that means it is performing it’s executing this and here we see the display right so it starts with certain values of PDQ and then it finds that value is too high so it starts with again with some 0 1 1 0er and so on and so forth and ultimately it tells us okay this is our best model you see here it says this is our best model 211 let’s go back and see did we get the same one yes we got the same one when we ran without Trace as well right now why is 211 let us see where is 211 here is our 211 and if you compare the values you see that 1017 is pretty much the lowest value and therefore it is saying this is our best model all other values are higher so that that’s how you kind of um get your model and now that you have your model what you have to do you need to predict the values right so before that let us just do some test of these values so for that you install T Series again if you are doing it for the first time you would rather use this package and install and say T Series and install it and then you just use this Library function to load it into your memory all right so now that we got our model using Auto ARA let us go ahead and forecast and also test the model and also plot the ACF and psf remember we talked about this but we did not really use it we don’t have to use that but at least we will visualize it and uh for some of the stuff we may need this T Series Library so if you are doing this for the first time you may have to install it and my recommendation is don’t use it in the code you go here and install tseries and I will not do it now because I’ve already installed it but this is a preferred method and once you install it you just load it using this libraries function and then you can plot your residuals and this is how the residuals look and you can plot your ACF and psf okay so this is how your PF looks and this is how your ACF looks for now there is really nothing else we need to do with ACF and PF this just to visualize how that how it looks but as I mentioned earlier we were actually using these visualizations or these graphs to identify the values of p d and q and how that was done it’s uh out of scope of this video so we will leave it at that and uh then we will forecast for the next 10 years how do we forecast that so we call forecast and we pass the model and we pass what is the level of accuracy that you need which is 95% and for how many periods right so basically we want for 10 years which is like 10 into 12 time periods so that’s what we are doing here and now we can plot the forecast value so you see this is the original value up to I think 62 or whatever and then it goes up to 72 this blue color is the predicted value let’s go and zoom it up so that we can see it better so from here onwards we forus and you can see that it looks like our model has kind of learned the pattern and this pattern looks very similar to what we see in the actual data now how do we test our model so we can do what is known as a box test and we pass our model here residuals basically with different lags and from those values here the P values here we find that they are reasonably low the P values which means our model is fairly accurate we’ll be creating two dashboards using a sample sales data set so if you want to get the data and the dashboard file that we’ll be creating in this demo then please put your email IDs in the comment section of the video our team will share the files via email now let’s begin by understanding what is a dashboard in Excel a dashboard is a visual interface that provides an overview of key measures relevant to a particular objective with the help of charts and graphs dashboard reports allow managers to get a high level overview of the business and help them make quick decisions there are different types of dashboards such as strategic dashboards analytical dashboards and operational dashboards an advantage of dashboards is the quick detection of outliers and correlations with Comprehensive data visualization it is time-saving as compared to running multiple reports with this understanding let’s jump into our demo for creating our Dash boards we’ll be using a sample sales data set let me show you the data set first so here is the sales data set that we’ll be using for our demo so this data set was actually generated using a simulator today we are going to talk about descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel and I will walk you through a stepbystep guide on how to perform this in Excel but before we dive into that let’s first take a quick look at what descriptive statistics really means descriptive statistics is is all about summarizing and describing the key features of a data set it helps you get a quick snapshot of your data by calculating things like mean median mode standard deviation range and more these are essential to understanding patterns and Trends in your data without having to look at every single value it’s the first step in analyzing data before jumping into more complex statistics now that we have a basic understanding of what descriptive statistics is let’s get into Excel and see how you can easily calculate these statistics using the buil-in tools I am in Ms Exel and I have a sample of data in my Excel to perform the descriptive Statistics over there is an amazing feature in Excel that many people are not aware about is a data analysis tool pack if you have not come across this word the data analysis tool pack in Excel is an addin in that provides Advanced Data analysis tools for statistical and Engineering calculations it simp fies the complex data analysis Tas by offering the buil-in features to perform various statistical test and data processing without needing to write formulas manually so we need to ensure first if we have activated the tool pack correctly so for that go to file then options and then addin inside addin at the bottom we have manage and where you make sure you have selected the Excel addin and then click on go and then in the check box make sure you have chosen the analysis tool pack option and then click on the okay button now when you see the topmost bar in the data bar has a data analysis button now we are all set to perform the descriptive statistics to perform this I will click on this data analysis button and from there I will choose the descriptive statistics option and select okay now in the input range here we need to enter the range of cells containing your data for that I will click on this upper arrow and highlight the cells containing my data and press enter the next option is grouped by depicts how your data is arranged in your sheet if it is arranged in the columns just like mine you can obviously choose columns and if it is arranged rowwise then go for rows if you have levels on the first row of your data you can take on the checkbox your levels in the first row I don’t have that so I will skip this then if you go for the output options this is where you want your descriptive statistics result to be returned the first option that is output range is where you can specify a particular cell in this sheet only where your result to be returned second option is new worksheet that will answer your your descriptive statistics in a completely new worksheet the third option is new workbook we’ll enter the result all together in a different Excel file I want to enter my data in the same shet here so I’ll go for output range and I’ll choose somewhere here and I will press enter underneath I have various options available I will take all of them and don’t worry I will explain each in more detail so go for okay and here you go you have got the whole descriptive Statistics over here mean standard deviation and more now moving on the first value we got is the mean basically it is the average of all the data values the mean is actually the sum of all the data points divided by the number of the data points available in the sheet it tells you the central value of the data you can separately calculate it in Excel using the function average now moving on we have the second one which is standard error it is nothing but the measure of the variability of sample means in a sampling distribution of means if you want to calculate the standard error separately in Excel with the formula standard deviation divided by the square root of count now moving on we have median in short it is the middle value when data is sorted if I elaborate it then the median is the middle value in a data set when it’s ordered from smallest to the largest if the number of data points is odd is a middle number if it is even it is the average of the two middle numbers separately you can perform this in Excel by using the function median now we have mode it is basically the most frequent value rather it refers to the value that appears most frequently in a data set we can perform it separately in Excel using the function mode next we have a standard deviation the standard deviation measures the spread or dispersion of your data a higher standard deviation means the data points are spread out widely while a lower standard deviation means they’re close to the mean you can perform this by using the function stdv now coming to sample variance variance is the square of the standard deviation if it gives an idea of how data points spread out from the but in squar units to perform this you need to use a v function now we are going to kosis kosis measures the tailess of the data distribution High kosis means more outl of the heavy Tails while low kosis means the data has fewer extreme values describing the higher kosis and the lower kosis next we have skewness skewness measures the asymmetry of the data a positive SK skew means the data is skewed to the right more lower values while a negative skew means the skewed to the left that is more higher values now moving on we have range range is the difference between the maximum and the minimum values in your data set the maximum value we have over here is 9.23 and the minimum value we have is 11.67 so the difference is 78.5 6 to find out the minimum value in the Excel sheet use the function minimum to find out the maximum value in the Excel sheet use the function Max then coming to sum as you all know sum is the total addition of all the values in your sheet we can calculate sum separately by using the function sum then we have count this is the total number of values in the sheet in my case it’s 20 it will vary in everyone else then we have the largest the first written in the bracket denotes the first largest number that is 9.23 if the number would have been two it will denote the second largest number same goes for the smallest the smallest number in my case is 11.67 last but not the least we have confidence level this is the number we need to add and subtract from the mean the addition of the CL and mean is greater than 95% of the CL the subtraction of Cl from mean is lower than than 95% of Cl welcome to Simply learn in this video we are focusing on chat GPT and its groundbreaking role in data analytics in a world where data is the new gold understanding and analyzing this wealth of information is crucial but as the volume of data grows exponentially traditional analysis methods are being pushed to their limits enter CH GPT a revolutionary AI developed by openi that’s transforming how we approach data analytics but what makes chat jbt stand out in the crowded field of data analytics tools how can it not only streamline complex processes but also uncover insights that were previously hidden in plain sight stay tuned as we unrel the capabilities of chat GPT share real world applications and show you how it’s being used by analysis and businesses alike to make smarter datadriven decisions and whether you are a data scientist a business professional or just a tech Enthusiast curious about the future of AI in data analytics this we video is for you so let’s dive in and discover how CH GPT is not just revolutionizing data analytics but also how we understand and interact with the vast Universe of data and don’t forget to hit that like button subscribe and ring the bell to stay updated on all our future Explorations into the fascinating world of technology now let’s get started and unlock the potential of chat GPD for data analytics together so guys an Excel data analyst always looks for ways to improve their efficiency and gain deeper insight sites from the data that’s where chat jbt comes in handy so chat jbt is an AI powered language model that can assist you in various task including Excel based data analysis and for that data analysis let’s dive into some demos to see how it works so guys as you can see this is the chat jpt 4 and you could see this has the support of D browsing and Analysis and usage limits May apply like we have the version that has some usage limits and for the day data I have downloaded the data from the kar I will provide you the link in the description if you want to download the same data you can and I have that in my downloads so this is the data that we’ll be using so the first thing we’ll be doing is data cleaning and preparation so firstly let’s explore data cleaning and preparation before diving into analysis it’s essential to ensure that data is clean and ready for processing so for that we will write a prompt in chat JB and ask him to clean the data chat JP has the feature to insert the files provide the Excel file to the chat jpt and we’ll ask him that can you help me identify and remove duplicates in this Excel spreadsheet so let’s ask him can you help me identify and remove duplicates duplicates from this Excel spreadsheet from the provided Excel spreadsheet you could see that J has started generating the response and he is telling us that he can definitely help us with that and he is analyzing that so you could see that J has provided us the response so let’s first go to our spreadsheet so this is the spreadsheet order number quantity ordered price of each quantity and Order lines so you could see that first J GPT has encountered an error and that is with the character and coding Mis patch and then he has loaded the spreadsheet successfully with the second attempt and you could see that he has provided a like the smaller or the briefer version of the spreadsheet that is the data set consist of sales data with column such as order number quantity order price each order line sales order date status so he asking us could you specify how you would like to identify duplicates for example should we consider a row a duplicate if all its values match another row exactly or are there specifically columns we should focus on to determine duplicates so we should or here we will be focusing on the column section so here we want to identify column section so is asking which columns they should identify duplicates so we want the duplicates in order number so the CH G has started analyzing this spreadsheet so you could see that CH gpts address the response that they have identified a total of 287 rows in the spreadsheet that have duplicates based on the order number column so this indicates that multiple rows share the same order number suggesting there might be different items or transactions within the same order would you like to proceed by removing these duplicates while keeping either the first for last occurence of each order number or do you have another approach in mind for handling these duplicates so before identifying the duplicates what we’ll do is we’ll first get rid of the extra spaces so we’ll ask chat jbt that first find the Extra Spaces in the spreadsheet and help us remove move them so you could see that it has started analyzing it so he is asking us that would you like to proceed with any further cleaning or data manipulation yes we want to proceed further with data cleaning only and now we will treat all the blank cells if there are any now treat all the blank cells if there are any so the spreadsheet contains blank cells in the following columns with the respective counts of blank entries that is address line two has 2521 blank sales than the state so depending on your preference or the requirements of data analysis we can treat these blank cells in several ways such as filling them with the placeholder value that is not provided using a specific value that makes sense for data that is example a default state or TY but potentially leaving them as if blanks carry meaningful information in the context of your data so what we’ll do we will provide a placeholder provide a placeholder instead that is not provided or not applicable okay so you would see in that has responded that it has replaced the plank cells in the columns that is address line to State postal code and territory with the placeholder node provided so you could see there’s a verification sample showing the updates so this is how you could clean the data and now with chat jpt you can quickly identify and eliminate duplicates in your Excel spreadsheet using buil-in functions and formulas saving your time and effort so that would be done by the chat GPT and you can download the Excel file from the chat GPT only after that you can just ask him that provide me the output or the resulted spreadsheet so if we talk about now data analysis and visualization let’s delve into that so Excel offers powerful tools for analyzing and visualizing data and chat GPT can help you make the most of them so for this also we’ll write a prompt to the chat gy and we’ll write for example we’ll write please create a pivot table and a corresponding chart to analyze sales performance by region so let’s see like this prompt what output does chat Jey show to us so let’s ask him please create a PR table and a corresponding chart to analyze sales performance by region so you would see that jut has started analyzing the data and the spreadsheet and you could see that the pivot table below shows the sales performance per region or the territory so this table indicates that the EMA region has the highest Sal performance followed by regions where the territory was not provided than apek and finally Japan so now let’s create a chart to visually represent this sales per performance by region you could see that it has provided a chart that is a bar chart illustrating the sales performance by teritory so you could see the guys that it has provided us the analysis and J jpd can guide you through the process of creating pivot tables charts and other visualizations in Excel enabling you to gain valuable insights from your data with ease so let’s move to Advanced analysis and automation so lastly we will explore Advanced analysis and automation so Excel capabilities extend beyond basic functions and chat jpt can help you leverage its full potential and for this also we’ll write a prompt to the chat GPD that can you assist me in building a forecasting model to predict future sales based on historical data present in the spreadsheet so let’s see what Chad j respond to us so let’s ask him can you assist me in building a forecasting model to predict future sales based on historical data so let’s see what CH J respond to us so you could see that building a forecasting model to BU future sales based on historical data involves several steps so for this you have to prep prep the data select a model train the model evaluate the model and make predictions so let’s start by preparing the data we’ll aggregate sales by order date to create a Time series of total daily sales then we’ll choose a model based on data’s characteristics so we will grant the permission to chat gyy to proceed with the steps so we started analyzing the data so you could see that that the data has been prepared into a Time series of total daily sales and before choosing a forecasting model it’s helpful to visualize the sales time series to understand its characteristics such as Trend and seasonality so Jad jyy has looed a daily sales data and then he has given the visual Trends and the possible seasonal patterns and the next steps would include testing for stationarity model selection and parameter touring model training and then forecasting so you could follow all these steps with the help of chat GPT and could create a forecasting model if you want we can move to the next step so you could like provide a prom to the chat chipy that move to or proceed with Next Step so step by step JJ will provide you a forecasting model or it will help you create a forecasting model as you can see it is started analyzing it so the augmented D Fuller that is ADF test gives up a P value of approximately 0.33 since this P value is less than the common significance level of 0.05 we can reject the null hypothesis that the time Series has a unit root meaning the time series is stationary so you could see that is asking us shall we proceed with the Sima model parameter selection yes here is the model parameter selection so you could select any based on the trends and the bar graphs ploted by the chat gbd so you could see guys that the chat G has analyzed the spreadsheet and provided the response that the grid search for the optimal Sera parameters based on the lower information Criterion suggest the best fit model uses the parameter 011 and for ARA and 01112 that is for the seasonal component so you could see that it has provided the model and the parameters now he asking us shall we move on to forecasting future sales with this model yes proceed with that so you could see that with chj assistance you can build complex forecasting models in Excel allowing you to make informed decisions and plan for the future effectively so chat jpt is a valuable tool for Excel users and data analysis offering assistance in data cleaning analysis visualization and Automation and by integrating Chad GT in your Excel workflows you can enhance your productivity and uncover new insights from your data so you can try J gbt for Excel data analytics today and take your Excel skills to the new level and you would see that uh this an error in the analyzing and he has encountered an error while trying to plot the forecast with its confidence intervals so this type of error can occur due to data type issues particularly when handling data indices in forecast and despite the cup the forecasting process using the ca model was completed and we were able to generate forecast for the next 12 months unfortunately due to the plotting issue he couldn’t visually display it so we’ll ask him can you try once again so you could see that this time J gbt has provided us the forecast for the next next 12 months that is the forecast have been successfully ploted along with the historical daily data so here we have our forecast model and with the chat G’s assistance we can move with other analysis also today we are going to talk about Anova in Microsoft Excel and I will walk you through a stepbystep guide on how to perform this in Excel but before we dive into that let’s first take a quick look at what Anova really means Anova which is analysis of variance in Excel is a statistical method to compare the means of three or more groups to see if they are significantly different from each other it helps determine if variations in data due to real differences or random chance it’s useful because it helps in finding differences as it shows if groups have different results it saves time as it tests all the groups at once it clears insights and helps make decisions based on our data for example if teacher wants to compare the effectiveness of the three different teaching methods on students Math course they can divide the class into three groups of 14 students each using Anova the teacher can analyze the math scores to determine if one teaching method is truly better or if the differences in scores are due to chance now that we have a basic understanding of what Anova actually is let’s get into Excel and see how you can easily calculate this using the build tools I have a sample of data in my Excel to perform the Anova over there is an amazing feature in Excel that many people are not even aware about is a data analysis tool pack if you have not come across this word the data analysis tool pack in Excel is an addin that provides the Advanced Data analysis tools for statistical and Engineering calculations it simplifies the complex data analysis task by offering the buil-in features to perform various statistical test and data processing without needing to write formulas manually so we need to ensure first if we have activated the tool pack correctly so for that we need to go to the file and then options and then we have to move to addin and here in the manage you have to choose for the Excel addin and click on go after that you need to click on this analysis tool pack and click on okay now when you see the topmost bar that is the data if you click on this data you will see a data analysis button over here now we are all set to perform the analysis of variance to perform this I will click on data analysis button and from there I will choose an over single factor and select on okay now here in the input range we need to enter the range of the cells containing your data for that I will click on the supper arrow button and highlight mys that containing the data the next option is grouped by depicts how your data is arranged in your sheet if it is arranged in a column like like I have arranged choose columns and if it is arranged in a row go for the rows now here in the labels in the first row if you have labels like mine like group a group b and Group C do take this button then Alpha is generated and here in the output options this is where you want your result to be return the first option is the output range is where you can specify a particular cell where you want your result to be returned the second option will enter the answer in a new worksheet and the third option will enter the result in a particularly new Excel file I will chose the second option and we’ll name it as Anova now we have got this result within just one click you can definitely get the Anover single Factor results now I will explain each factor what it means count some average variance SS dfms Etc in the next PP so the first table depicts the summary of the data available in the analysis so the first one we have got is count count is a total number of data points in each group here in group a group b and Group C we have 14 data points now moving on we have sum sum is a total value if you add up all the values in each group so the sum of group a is 958 sum of Group B is 1093 and sum of Group C is 1280 now moving on we have average average is the sum divided by the total number of data points in each group so the average of group a is 68.42% this is the average of the square differences from the mean now the variance of group a is 14134 the variance of Group B is 20 9.60 and the variance of Group C is 11 9.49 now the second table here is divided into three groups the between groups within groups and total so the first row depicts the result when the between rows are classed as a source of variation the second row depic when the source of variation is with within the groups and the finally the last row is just the total now we will see what each column represents so the first one we have is SS SS stands for sum of squares between group SS is the total variation explained by the differences between the groups within group SS is actually the total variation within the groups due to the random error or individual variability and the total s’s is the sum of the between group s s and within group SS so the between group SS over here is 37351 n within group SS is 6115 78 and the total SS is 98597 now moving on we have DF DF stands for degrees of freedom this is calculated slightly differently for between groups DF is the number of groups present in your data minus one I have three groups so 3 minus 1 I have got two to determine this within groups DF is the number of observations minus the number of groups that is 42 minus 3 that is equal to 39 then we have MS Ms stands for mean Square you can think it as the variance for each source of variation to calculate this we can simply divide the sum of squares by the degrees of freedom now moving on we have f f stands for statistic here the F statistic is calculated as Ms between the groups divided by the MS within the groups and it is equal to 11995 4 now moving on we have the F critic F critic stands for f critical value it is calculated easily by Excel or you can perform it manually by looking at the critical value table so the F statistics is then compared with the F critical value if the F statistical value is greater than the F critical value we can conclude that the test is significant now moving on we have the P value the probability of obtaining an F statistic as Extreme as were more than the observed value assuming the null hypothesis is true a small P value that is less than 0.05 suggests that the significant differences between group exist as my P value is more than the alpha level that is the 0.05 we fail to reject the null hypothesis therefore there is no difference between the means of the three groups so now you can see some data on my spreadsheet so we have row ID order ID audit date and ship date ship mode Etc so this means that this particular data set belongs to a a sales data set for a store or something so what I have done is if you look out the videos on our Channel we already have created one of the interact Ive dashboards using the same data set so we try to extract month- on Monon sales region category subcategory sales country-wise sales shipment type sales Etc right so I have uh you know kept the data as it is and all the pivot tables as it is now let’s say we do not know how to create all these pivot tables and pivot charts and slicers Etc we just know that we have the data and you’re new to this and you want to an analyze your data how do you do that chat GPD is here for the rescue so before we get on to chat GPD let’s quickly remove all our reference pivot tables about pivot table so I’m quickly deleting all these they left out with only the data right and again you can do this dashboard using chat gbd 3.5 or in case if you have a premium version which is chat gbd 4 you can detect ly attach your data set onto the chat GPT prompt and chat GPT will do all the analysis you need right but for now let’s experiment using the chat GPT 3.5 version which is basically open source and free to use now let’s quickly hop on to chat GPD so there you go we have chat GPD version 3.5 we are not switching to four so now let’s quickly um EXP explain what we are up to H GPD just keep it simple as if you’re talking to your friend the D set belongs to Superstore sales or is about the data set is about uh Superstore sales report and I need to create a dashboard for mon one month SE so this is the prompt and basically I just explained in a brief way I’m not uh giving a detailed information but hope this works so basically uh what you are supposed to do is uh give uh the requirement one by one but I’m giving it in a single PR so that I’ll get the results in one single Pro let’s move for that so what you’re trying to explain CH GPD is that you have a sales data set and you’re using Excel for for storing it and for manipulating the data and trying to build some Innovative interactive visually appealing charts and you don’t know how to do it so you explain that to your chat jpd and uh what are the uh things you are looking to build what are the charts you’re looking to build so I’m looking to build a month- on-month sales report which can be a quarter on quarter month on month year on Year date wise however the way you like it right so uh make sure that your data is properly formatted first so here let’s check out that your date column is formatted to date data type right sometimes what happens is the representation of date uh changes to user by user let’s say this particular data set or this particular inventory is been allocated to five different people to entry the data right somebody might use this type of you know here you have uh let’s create a new sheet and try to let me elaborate what I’m trying to explain so let’s say U person one person three so let’s say I use this type of uh formatting 15th December 2025 something like that and somebody else uses 15 12 2025 and another one uses 15 December only 25 and also sometimes few people also uh intend or you know may uh follow uh a date pattern which looks something like this December the 31st 2025 right and it’s not wrong so many people will have different uh conventions of writing their dates so you need to make some data cleaning and okay if you are coming back to data cleaning we have listed a video in our descriptions for data cleaning in Excel and uh that would help you in various uh data cleaning operations that are um you know used in day-to-day lives of a data analyst so that should help so basically what you are looking for is so instead of General go back to the data types and here you can check out the data type options and you can either give a short date long date or in the case you want to go for some additional formatting you can also go to more formatting and here you can check out the custom formatting options here you can give a customized option for now I want to go with date and the date I want to go with is this particular one which gives me date month and yeah click on that and you should be good to go right so make sure that all the uh uh dates in your spreadsheet are following one single date pattern so that when it comes to uh month on month quarter on quarter and earby sales that will help you a lot okay it will just give you a filtered option it will give you year on year first then quarter on quarter next and if you expand the option of quarter on quarter you will have month on month and if you expand the month then you will have date wise so you will have a you know better understanding when we perform this operation in a practical Way in real time and then we have the next type of chart where we want to identify country-wise sales then we have regionwise sales so let’s say I have one country here let’s say I want sales from France and uh I want to know what are the uh sales happening in central region of France North region of France so you’ll have region wise sales there and category wise which category is giving you the maximum profits or the maximum sales and inside the category which is that subcategory or which product is that that which is giving you the highest number of sales you can identify that and based on that you can plan a business uh you know you can get up with a business strategy there and shipment modes so which type of shipment mode which should you invest in much so that you can you know offer better services to your customers so everything comes so this is what I want to um you know um extract from my D set so this is my requirement you have explained this to your chat GPD through the prompt and just enter now chat GPT should help you break down the requirements and chat GPT should help you uh how to you know it’ll get tell you how to uh do the process so here it will tell you the line chart so basically it’s a it’s a it’s a rule that month on Monon sales or quote on quote sales basically wherever the time is involved the line chart is the best to represent your numbers so now um it basically tells you how to uh represent your charts in what or how what type of chart to be selected that’s good but now uh can you help me create create the first chart in Excel there you go so it tells you how to create it and sure you have a column for dates and other corresponding values so basically it is telling you to have a properly mentioned or properly defined metadata or column headers then select the data go to the insert tab choose the line chart okay and let’s say uh you wanted to create an interactive dashboard right so to create an interactive dashboard or to basically create a dashboard you need a pivot tables and you don’t know how to create a pivot table you can ask chat GPD to help you create a a pivot table help me create a private table for the first type for all the types okay or for the data set certainly so it’ll mention you the steps to follow to create a PIV table there you go so what’s the first step highlight the range of cells that contain your data set and including headers and go back to Excel and you can just click on any cell and control a all your T set has been selected or these days you can just select one of the cells and go to insert menu and pivot table and now from the table range Excel will automatically select the entire range of the table you’re looking for or you’re working on and in casee if you are having any doubts on that you can just select all the range and go to the same insert option and select the pivot table click on okay in a new worksheet and there you go you have your new uh say U pivot table let’s delete this now remember we wanted to create the month-on-month sale for the first U pivot table and pivot chart so and remember about the uh date formatting so we’ll be looking on that now we will drag odd date onto rows here and you can see here so this is what I was talking about so Excel has automatically segmented your dates we we have about 10,000 rows in this particular data set and it has segregated all the 10,000 rows into four different years 2020 21 22 and 23 and if you expand the selection of year it has uh segregated again into pter one two three and four right and if you expand P one you have month-on-month sales in quarter one month-on-month sales in quarter two and month-on-month sales in quarter three and so on right so this is why I was requesting you to have a proper data formatting for all your dates right which could be really helpful when you want to extract the quarter on quarter sales and date wise sales and year-wise sales right so now we wanted to find out month- on-month sales right or year on-ear sales so where is the sales yeah here we have the sales parameter just drag that onto the values and there you go now format this into the currency type so the currency is dollars American dollars and you can eliminate the leading zeros here if you don’t want them there you go now you have the whole number here you can also do the same for this you can select the entire table go to pivot table okay let’s check the uh options provided by chat GP so basically we have created a pivot table now we want to create a pivot chart how do I create a pivot chart so again it’s making really clear statements and really clear steps so it’s again making sure that you create a pivot table first right so we have a pivot table and uh highlight pivot table data click anywhere on your pivot table to highlight the entire range insert pivot chart with the pivot table selected go to the insert tab on the ribbon then click on pivot chart and uh open the insert chart dialogue box choose the type you want and uh customize the chart select the chart so customizing the chart we’ll look onto it and Fields if you want to keep a few Fields you can and if you want to eliminate a few Fields you can you can also do that refresh data let’s say why refresh data see charb is so brilliant right so let’s say uh I have the sales data until 2023 and now we are in 2024 let’s say we update 2024 onto this particular stret sheet and now we have that particular data in the original spreadsheet but that is missing here in that scenario what you can do is just go to data and here you will find the refresh all option once you click on this you can find the 2024 data updated here for now we have not added yet but in case if it’s added all you can do is just refresh your sheet and everything will change so brilliant suggestion from chat jpt and save and share in case if you want to share so let’s follow the same steps select any cell in the pivot table select all the sheets go to insert Tab and here recommended charts or go to the charts option and select the chart that you are looking for so we are dealing with uh time so I would go with the line chart just click okay but in case if you want to create an interactive dashboard just go to pivot table analyze and here you have the pivot charts and again it’ll give you the same option just select the line chart here and press okay so you have your line chart over here so again if if you are editing this so you can remove the Legends if you want remove um anything else or you can customize that okay there you go and if you want to edit the name of the chart you can also do that so I will do this as M Sales report okay accordingly I’ll change the sheet name there you go right now quickly we will create the other charts as well so the process is same you can hold control and drag this particular sheet and you have the next sheet so the next uh requirement that we had that we requested chat jpd was the country wise sales so everything will remain the same what changes is okay let’s close this and here instead of order data we will have okay let’s remove this from rows and quarters months right country so we will drag country into rows and there you go now we have countries now country wise so you can uh select this cell go to pivot table analyze pivot chart and you can select the bar graph so it automatically gave you the first suggestion is bar graph click on that and you have the bar graph over here and you can also edit the chart you don’t want you don’t want the Legends you can remove them and edit the name of the chart to Country wise sales go and uh quickly drag and drop the sheet again new pivot table and here you wanted categ wise sales or segment wise sales uh close this particular thing be this and instead of country you’re going to add segment to the Rose and remove country and you have segment wise sales select any cell on the pivot table go to pivot table analyze pivot chart and here you can use any of the available um charts here let me use the final chart or histogram bar chart will be better press okay and there you go you have the bar chart same edit your you know customize your uh chart change the name to segment wise sales hold control and drag the sheet now you have subcat wise sales instead of segment you will be selecting the subcategory you can remove segment and you can see the chart also changed here and again you can do the category wise sales so this was segment wise sales you can quickly change the segment to category and you have it we quick quickly go back to yeah so we have done the category Wise subcategory Wise region wise is remaining and shipment modes so quickly drag or drop the region remove subcategory from the list there you have the region wise sales edit the name and the last one which is about the shipment modes remove region and there you go you can create a new dashboard over here and name it as dashboard you can do some customization to your dashboard like selecting these sales giv it a color there you go now you can quickly copy and paste all these uh charts to the dashboard starting from the month-on-month sales copy paste so I’ll quickly do all the uh pas thingss as soon as possible e e there you go you can also manage the size of these charts so that everything fits onto one sheet so for now let’s try to unpen this so that we have a little better visual appearance okay not a problem and now uh we need some filter right so something which can make it a little more interactive that’s when you add slices and let’s say you don’t know how to add slices back to chat gbd and ask chat GPD how do I add slices to my dashboard there you go so is telling you to uh add everything in a step-by-step way and it also is talking about the inter activity right it’s it is asking you to connect all the slices it it’s telling you to report the connections right if you just add the slices based on one single okay basically you need to select one of your charts here and select a pivot table or pivot chart go to the pivot table a chart associate with a slicer and insert and go to the insert Tab and insert a slicer I I’ll tell you that so basically it it’s telling you in a very beautiful way step by-step manner right and even after adding the slicer it it is telling you to connect all the uh basically all the charts or all the um you know chart dashboards and charts you created at this particular tutorial and connect all the charts to that particular slicer using the report connections option and you can get the interactivity right so in in a very beautiful manner it has explained let’s try the way it has explained to us go to the dashboard select any one of it and uh go to the insert option and here you have have the slicer right so now you have all the slices over here so basically we wanted what type of slices so I have created a month-on-month uh chart so I’ll go with audit date slicer which is here then I have created segment wise sales so I want segment slicer country wise slicer category and subcategory wise slicers region wise so region slicer and do I have anything else else let’s scroll down that’s the last one so where is shipment here yeah shift mode country region category subcategory segment order dates and Shi mode so I will have multiple slices in one go right now you have to arrange your slices in such a way that they are interactive and they they look like they are sorted in one place so let me do that quickly we have some space left here in the bottom place of the dashboard you can also keep your slices there so what basically chat GPD meant was if you try to use the slices here it will you know the changes will reflect only in one of the pivot charts not on all the pivot charts so to get that interactivity to get that connectivity between all the charts you need to do a small setting which is called as report connections so select one of the slices over here right click and here you have something called report connections so when you report connections you have all the pivot charts and pivot tables that you just created you can just select all those pivot tables that you created and press on okay so that all these pivot tables are connected to that particular slicer uh you can just expand this and check if all the pivot tables are selected press okay do the same for all the slices I’ll quickly do that e e so there you go we have interconnected all the charts now let’s say I want to find out the sales that happened in the latest year just go to the filters select any of the dates 2023 and you have the data and if you want to select any particular country then you can also do that I want to go with United Kingdom and in United Kingdom we have all the data here let’s say I want to check out only for the phones there you go now you have an interactive dashboard which will tell you the sales that happened on the date of 16th of November 2023 in the region United Kingdom for phones all right and uh segment is home or office ship and mode with standard class and major sales that happen are from nor region and the categor is from tech technology right and that’s how you create an interactive dashboard using chat GPD in Excel so each and every step has been mentioned very clearly by chat GPD and you have all the data in one place so let’s quickly remove all the filters and there you have the entire dashboard now before we get started let’s look at the website through which we want to pull the data now this is the stock analysis website that we are looking at and we want to pull this particular data from this particular data set so here we have some sample data and this is the table that we looking at now if you expand each and everything from this data set we have a few more couple of tables you know go through that but now let’s focus on this particular data right now we need to switch to Microsoft Excel so here you can see you have a lot of options here and if you see into the data here you have an option that says get data and here you can pull data not just from a website you can also pull data from an existing workbook from a database from cloud or any other if it’s data you can just pull it now that’s the best feature of Microsoft Excel now if you just go to the bottom section here which says other sources and here select the from web option and this will open a par quy window for you but before we get started on pulling the data we need to do one more thing which is about copying the URL which you need to paste it somewhere here let’s go back to the website now I can just copy the URL go back to Excel and here you can paste the URL and press on okay now here you go you have established a successful connection with the particular website now here you have a couple of tables in that particular website now just click on those tables and you can see the sample preview of the data you’re looking at table 0o table one table two Etc just look at the preview and select the data table that you are looking forward to have it in your dat set now let’s say I want to go with this particular one you can just click on load or if you have some transformation to be done let’s say you wanted to categorize this based on name like first name last name or if you wanted to make sure to do some calculations or find out the rate of the product or anything as such mathematical calculation or data transformation that you want to do you can go with the option which says data transformation or if you’re feeling happy with the data that’s currently on your data set then you can just click on load now go with load for time being and it’ll run some queries and your data will be loaded and also just in case if you wanted to know if this particular dat set is really dynamic or not let’s say somebody does some an update on the particular website since this is a stock trading website maybe there are updates u based on per day or based on week right and someone adds some new data onto the website and again you cannot carry out the same operation right in such scenarios you just go to this option which says refresh all and you can refresh the data and automatically the new entries will be added to the same table you can also see some of the queries running right now it is quick so you can see that you can see an option that says query is running in the bottom section of the Excel spreadsheet let’s look at it once again while I press the refresh button run in query background that’s how it runs and you have the updated data table on your Excel spreadsheet imagine combining a Simplicity of excel with the power of python sounds exciting right you must be wondering if it requires a lot of coding what if I tell you that with almost negligible coding with python in Excel lets you perform the Advanced Data analysis you don’t need to be a coder or a developer to use it with python and Excel you can analyze large dat dat sets creates stunning visualizations with libraries like mat ploted and even automate task like report Generation all within excel’s familiar interace it’s a game changer for anyone looking to work smarter and faster with data no matter the coding experience in this video I’ll show you some amazing things you can do with python and Excel from creating data frames to filtering data with the simple queries it’s packed with features that make your work easier but before before we dive in let’s take a quick look at what python in Excel is all about python in Excel is a feature in Microsoft Excel that integrates python directly into the Excel environment allowing users to write python code and execute it within Excel shets this integration combines Python’s powerful data analysis visualization and automation capabilities with excel’s familiar interface now that we know what python is in Excel let’s explore how we can use it so I am inside Excel and you must be looking for python over here so basically you can go to this formula section and see insert python option available over here you can get started just by clicking on the icon or you can just click one cell and you can write equal to py and then press tab now the python mode is activated so as we are working with data the first step is to send the data to that python because it needs to see it so that it can actually work with it to do that you need to select the whole data set for that I’ll select this and now you can see over this section that it is written the data range I mean the sales range and headers is equal to true as we have headers over here now press enter now you can see that it didn’t happen anything only it went to the next line for me to run this we need to press control plus enter Control Plus enter and see what we got we got a data frame over here if not aware data frame is a two-dimensional TBL data structure in Python provided by the Panda’s Library it is similar to an Excel spreadsheet or SQL table consisting of the rows and the columns now take a look at beside the formula button here this is actually the python object and even we have a drop down over here so it is written python output and we have a python object that is the present form and the Excel value now I can switch to this Excel value and we get my whole data available over here this is basically dates so we have imported this data set over here now as it is taking too much space I can go back to the python object and make it compact now if you’re interested in knowing what’s inside this data frame you particularly click on this image and there will be a visualization appearing for you the first five sets over here and the last five data sets over here it is basically the beginning and the last part part of the whole data set this data frame is a fundamental part of a specific python Library that’s called the pandas pandas is like your goto toolkit in Python for working with data it makes the handling tables like spreadsheets or databases like this super easy with this data frame structure so whether you’re cleaning the messy data or analyzing Trends or marging data sets pandas has covered everything plus it works great with the libraries like numai and matl so you can explore and visualize data effortlessly so better you can go and research about it I will talk about this later but guys now I’ll tell you what all cool things you can do with this now I’ll go to another cell then switch to python mode py and tab and then take the reference of this previous data frame and I’ll write dot describe open and close parenthesis and then Control Plus enter see I got another data frame back so as I got a new data frame I’ll switch to this Excel mode value and let’s see it’s a date so we have some information so the total count of quantity we have is 20 the mean is 23.7 and the sales mean is also 168 7.6 minimum is this and everything we have got now we’ll move to python object it basically gives a quick Insight of the data set now it must be planning to perform various calculations using this data set so it’s better we give it a name so that you don’t have to reference to the cell again and again for that you need to go and select the first data frame and then write in the formula bar here just type the name given to it I will give it as DF which represents the data frame before everything and then um you can press control enter so I have already defined the name to this so every time I don’t need to take a reference of this data frame now now basically we can now go and write DF do describe control enter now nothing has changed now let’s talk about the shortcut keys like the quotations now suppose if I go to this Excel value and I want my product details over here so for that I would go here DF do product do describe and control enter now you can see that the total product count is 20 the unit products we have is eight and the top selling product is headphones and the frequency of that headphones are five now keep one thing on mind that now my value for this header is just product if I would be having like product details like having spaces and everything I can’t write product over here I need that third bracket on and third bracket off so keep that in mind unless you don’t have a space in your head and name you can type like this you can write DF do product. describe now there are lots of functionalities in P I repeat now there are various functionalities in the Panda’s Library some of them that all are familiar with is a sum and average so let’s suppose I want the total cells over here so I’ll shift to this python mode and I’ll write DF dot sales dot sum and open and close parenthesis then I press control enter for running it and you can see the total sales has come in the similar way you can even get the average you just have to replace this sum method with mean and then Control Plus enter and now you can see the average value of the sales so you must be thinking right now that this can be done with Excel functions as well so why do we need python don’t worry I have got you covered so let’s take this tutorial a little forward let’s think we were a total sales for each date available over here then for this I’ll switch to a cell and I will activate this python mode and then type DF that is this data frame initially we have dot Group by this is a function in Excel then open parenthesis and we’ll write date then close parenthesis dot sales dot sum just like the previous one we made and then control+ enter and I want an Excel view of this whole series so let’s see this may be loading and you can see the date over here and the corresponding sales it works so wonderfully that you can do data filtering and data analysis in just a few seconds so now I want everything on a

monthly basis so for that I’ll do I’ll get inside this group by and I’ll write PD dot dot grouper first bracket on and will write key equal to date comma frequency equal to M and close parenthesis and control enter so it has basically given C for February for March for April May and in this way you can get the whole monthly wise sales now I want to give this a name as chart type as and I will press enter now I will write chart Dot Plot xal to date comma y = to sales comma kind equal to line and I will close this parenthesis now press control enter and you will get a very little chart over here have to wait for some time and you can see a great thing very interesting one over here now I’ll show something more cooler than this so I’ll select one cell over here now I will select something over here equal to Python and tab and then I’m using pd. melt start the first parenthesis DF that is a First Data frame comma ID verse that is equal to date comma product close the third bracket then comma value verse equal to third bracket open quantity comma sales and control enter and we’ll see something amazing we’ll go to this Excel View and we can see the date product variable and we have actually merged the quantity and the sales and this is basically the date so with this you can do very amazing things in Excel using python so there are much more than this a cell address is a combination of column letter and a row number that identifies a cell on a worksheet basically each cell will have an Associated column number column letter and a row number so you have to keep in mind it will be always be a column letter and a row number each Excel sheet will have suppose for instance if you take row five rows will be in numbers and the columns will be in letters column a column B column C column D and so on and the numbers will be for the rows so for instance if you take this particular uh cell the cell address is D5 row column D and row five so this is the cell address now let’s move on to the next one now you will be asked what is relative cell referencing and absolute cell referencing in Excel so relative cell referencing is usually the relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell depending on the destination’s row and column okay so this is called relative cell referencing absolute cell referencing irrespective of the cell you know you don’t have to depend on the value of the cell destination there is no change when a formula is copied so this we I’ll explain it in the uh next Slide the basic difference is this type of referencing is there by default in Excel relative cell referencing you just insert the formula you don’t need to put a do dollar sign in the formula whereas absolute cell referencing if you don’t want to change in the formula when it’s copied across cell then absolute cell referencing requires you to add a dollar sign before and after the column and row address so C for instance this is relative referencing you know if you see this this particular cell is having a we put the value as A3 into B3 so what it will do is it will multiply A3 and B3 and it will give the product this is relative cell reference whereas absolute cell referencing is again the same thing but you have to put a dollar sign before the column and the row number so here your specific Ying this as A3 into B2 okay A3 into B2 and it will give you this particular answer irrespective of that it will give you it will calculate what is there in this and it will give you the answer okay now we move on to the next point is basic question when you scroll across an Excel sheet sometimes you have a header on the first row and if you scroll down you will not be able to see the first row so there is a process or the there is a trick to freeze the pains in the Excel so you just need to have the rows locked so how do you freeze pain this is the question so what you need to do is you need to select the view tab go to the view Tab and go to freeze pains it’s a basic thing and you will see this if you see here select the third row and click freeze paines so you just select this and click freeze paines okay so you’re going here and you’re going to the third row and you are going to view Tab and you’re selecting free Spain so what happens is first two rows will be locked okay these two rows will be locked similarly for uh if you want to freeze the columns okay okay it’s the same thing I am going to select this particular column and then click on view and then click fre spin so what happens is the first two columns are locked A and B will be locked and if I scroll right you will always see the uh customer name and category column so these two we have locked and the next will be scroll so this is the function of freezing pains okay now coming on to the next one and you will be asked and you have an Excel sheet or a spreadsheet and you want to restrict you want to protect the data for from anyone or from someone cop from copying the cell for your worksheet so how do you do that you need to select that particular data that you want to protect and then click control shift F and then you will see the protection tab okay you just need to go to the protection Tab and select Lo okay and you will be asked to put a password wherein you will be getting the review tab where you you you need to select the sheet put a password and just save it so I will show you across in one of the examples here so this is particular uh data that you have and you need to protect you select it so here as I said I selected it and then I just just press control shift F so here you see the protection tab click the protection Tab and then click select and then uh locked and then click okay and then you need to go to the review Tab and then click on the protect sheet and you having the you need to select this protect worksheet and contents of locked cells so you’re selecting these and you are protecting the content and you just need to uh put some password okay and then click okay okay so this is how you protect the data on a worksheet and you are selecting this area control shift F and just put up a password and select lock sheet so this is how you protect the sheet from anyone to copy it the cont now the next question that you might be ask is what is the difference between a function and a formula in Excel so you will be asked this question and you need to remember this formula is like an equation which is typed in by the user you are typing it suppose A1 + B2 you are typing this formula in one particular cell okay whereas function functions are predefined calculations it is like a formula which is already there in Excel and you can use it so as it says here it consumes more time and it has to be typed in manually you this is as per the need basis and this is particularly it’s very quick and very efficient you have inbuilt formulas in Excel the sum and multiplication product and various other things that you will come across so this is the basic difference between a formula and a function in Excel okay the now the next question that you might be ask is uh or you need to know basically is the order of operations used in Excel while evaluating the formulas so what is the order you need to remember this acronym pad Mass p d m a s or in other simple terms you can use this also please excuse my dear and Sally so these are the acronyms p e d m a s now let’s see what happens first and you uh in math when you do some calculations you have order of operations okay Bard mass is the one of the order of operations now in Excel similarly in Excel when you put up a formula you Excel will calculate it in a particular order and this is called the order of operations and the Order of Operations is first it will calculate what is there in the parenthesis it will perform this function and then it will see if there are any exponents in it and if it is there it will do that calculation the next and after that it will see if there is any multiplication or division so p e d and then it will see there is any addition okay and then the last one will be the substraction so Excel knows this and you have to know this so that when you put up a formula you will know what is going to happen first and you will not mess up with your formula okay this is the order of operations it is one of the important questions in the interview for a beginner Excel level now the next one is uh how will you write the formula for following multiply the value in a cell A1 by 10 and add the result by five and divide it by two it is quite simple okay see I’m just giving it an example in the slide and you might be ask something else so you will be given a task to calculate or put up a formula for this so so when you are asked multiply the value in a Cell of A1 by 10 so this is particularly thing okay A1 is the particular cell that is being given and you’re multiplying it okay you put it in parenthesis and then add the result by five so it will calculate the parenthesis first okay and if it sees if there are any exponents you have to think in that way if there are any exponents in it or not and then first it will see the parenthesis and then exponent there are no exponents here and then it will do the multiplication and then the addition and the division okay so you will get this particular answer and if you put it simply in this way your answer is wrong because it will multiply it into 10 add 5 and divide by 2 so you have to check which one is right and you have to make sure that you’re putting the right parenthesis okay so this is the formula okay the next question is uh there is a difference what is the difference between count counter and count blank these are three particular important things that you need to these are similar but they are quite different when you actually see it okay so first we will see what is count count is basically it counts the number of cells which have numeric values as the name suggest it is count it will count the number of cells which has numeric volumes okay if you see this column and we at A1 we putting it as count equals to A10 to A2 to A10 so you’re taking this range and you’re finding out what are the number of cells which have numeric value if you see this 1 2 3 4 5 so five cells have numeric values it counts the cells which has numeric Val and the next thing is the counter okay what counter does it counts the number of cells which has any form of content it can be anything it can be a number it can be a alphabet it can be anything it will see what are the uh number of cells which has any form of content okay for example this is the same example we here taken here and we have put the function as counter A2 to A10 now see 1 2 3 4 5 6 seven so it sees that there is seven cells have some content in it it is numbers and letters it can be anything but it has some content so count is the fion for this and the next one is Count blank okay as the name suggests it will count the number of blank cells only so again the same examples count blank A2 to A1 okay it will see what are the number of blanks okay if you see this is blank and this is blank so two cells are blank so it will count the number of blank cells only okay now the next one is uh what is the shortcut to add a filter to a table why do we use filter and it is one of the basics uh function in the Excel where you need to do some sorting and it can be done by using a filter what is the shortcut key it’s very simple control shift and L this is the key that is used to put up a filter you just press this control shift L all together and you will find the filter and you can sorted now the next question that you’ll come across is uh how do you create a hyperlink in Excel so it’s quite simple there is a simple shortcut control K you press these two together and you will get the option you will select the it will select the cell where you have to insert the hyperlink hyperlink basically it redirect to any other document it can be a web page it can be a Word document it can be another Excel sheet or so on okay so these are the things okay now another important questions uh that is uh how to merge multiple cells text strings in a Cell so how do we merge the text strings in multiple cells into one cell there is one particular uh simple function that you can use used which is called called as concatenate concatenate function is used to merge text strings present in multiple CS okay and uh it’s a very simple thing you just need to put this equals to concatenate and then if you for example this is the formula concatenate text one text 2 text three or this is concatenate A1 comma B1 comma C1 this is the data in our uh three cells X cell is one in A1 B1 and C1 so now if you want to put them all in one and you can merge it in one cell using the concatenate function and it’s very simple concatenate in parenthesis A1 comma B1 comma C okay and you will get it all merged in one particular cell okay so this is how you use the concatenate function and you can also use the and operator to combine cell values it is the same thing you can use e and operator instead of commas okay and I will show it to you in the example here okay now we have this I’ll just copy this thing to here okay and let’s make it simple and now I want to put this here equals con concatenate and A1 comma B1 comma c i just close it and I put enter so you see this this all three the different text is merged in one particular cell and it will you can perform various merge functions using the concatenate function it’s a very simple thing and it is a frequently asked questions in the interview okay the next question uh it is very very important one again and very basic as well so how can you split a column into two or more columns you have some particular text or a sentence written or data written in your cell or a column and you want to put them across in two or more or many number of columns so how do you perform this function it’s very simple again you need to select that particular cell so for instance we have it here is India is a democratic country India space is space a space Democratic space country so the it’s a different text here and you want to split this particular sentence into different columns okay you need to select that cell and then go to the data Tab and then choose text to columns there will be an option where in you need to select text to columns okay and you will see this screen okay and you need to select the choose the delimeter here and what we are specifying here is first it is delimer and then we are selecting a delimer as space because we see that that is space here which is very common and we want to split it so you will see a preview here which shows what your output will be like India in one column is a democratic country so the dener is space here and and you need to select this and then click next okay so you will see the options select the columns data format and choose the destination now you see the data Pro and you need to select the destination where you want to put this output as and you select that and then click finish and this one what it does it it it splits the text into multiple columns okay so you see this you have selected this as the output and it starts here India is a democratic country so uh you will come across some data which is you know huge and there are spaces or OBS or anything that is uh differentiated it with and you need to put them in different rows or different columns so this is the function or that you need to use to split the text into different or multiple columns okay okay the next uh question can be very simple one or most widely used in fact and what is the use of vooka and how do we use it so what is this particular thing in Excel vup function is used for looking up a piece of information in a table and extracting some corresponding data or information so you have some set of values in one particular column and you want to retrieve or extract the data corresponding to that particular column or a cell in the whole sheet okay so the syntax is something like this it is you need to go to one particular uh cell where you want the output as and you type the function we look up and you are selecting the value where is the cell exactly where you want the output to be and you’re selecting the table here and the you’re specifying the column index and range lookup so value this indicates the value that you have to look for in the First Column of a table okay and then the table table basically this refers to the table from which you have to retrieve a value we will show this in the example in the next slide and the column index column index it provides the column in the table from which we are to retrieve a value okay you will specify by the column index which one you are looking for the next thing is range lookup which is optional true with uh if you put true it is approximate match which is default and false if it is exact match if you’re looking for the exact match so what is the use of V lookup and how do we do it okay so find the product related to a customer name Richard okay you have this sheet and in this one you want to see what Richard has bought okay what is a product that he has bought and you can do this with the vooka function okay so you just go here and you type in the function V lookup you’re naming it as Richard and first thing is the value it is H4 okay and then the next thing is the table okay table is A2 this this is the table okay and you’re looking for customer name Richard okay and then you’re selecting this the whole column index which is E15 that mean you’re selecting this whole table till 15 okay E15 you’re selecting this and then the next thing is optional which is giving you the uh range lookup okay what it does is it’s optional it is you’re looking for an exact value or an approximate by default it is approximate map so how it performs the function okay so it gives you the answer as scam it goes and look ups for Richard in this particular it will give you the output here and the A2 is the table that it will look for the customer name and it will search for Richard and then it will give you the output as cam now the next thing will be we lookup different from lookup function how different they are we look up lets the user look for a value in the leftmost column of a table so as we’ve seen in the example it uh allows you to look for a data in the leftmost column of the table and Returns the value in a left to right way okay it sorts in left to right way where lookup function lets the user look for data in a row column and Returns the value in the another row or column it will give you the lookup funion in the next row column okay not very easy to use as compared to the lookup function okay as we see uh it’s a bit complicated when you compare it to the lookup function it’s quite simple and it is used to replace the V lookup function okay so this is the different lookup and V lookup function now uh Excel is basically used for reporting mainly used for reporting to management you have to extract different kinds of reports and what are the report formats that are available in Excel this is one of the uh important questions again uh for a beginner level and there are three formats basically compact form outline form table form okay these are the three formats that are available report formats that are available in Excel okay the next question is about a function which is how does IF function work in Excel okay the F function in Excel it actually performs a logical test and you will give a condition it performs the test and returns a value if the test evaluates to true and another value which you again will specify if the test result is false okay for instance we have here a simple example which is shown in the slide and what we doing here is a written record is valid if age is greater than 20 we have age here specified and salary is greater than 40,000 else return the record is invalid so we are giving two conditions and it actually checks and evaluates whether these conditions are met and it will give you an output whether record is valid or invalid based on the two conditions that are specified okay and F22 XIs which is this this uh column we are specifying it should be greater than 20 and G2 to G6 which is the salary column and we are specifying the condition to be greater than 4,000 So based on this two things it will check and perform if these conditions are uh met then it will give the desired result okay so this is the function that is used in Excel IF function okay the next thing is sum IF function okay again the sum function adds the cell value specified by a given condition or a criteria so you are giving a condition and you are actually doing another function which is performing the addition okay it will add the cell values based on a condition again it is shown here the total sum of salary where salary is greater than 75,000 again for example the salary column is G2 to G6 and we are doing a sum IF function what the result will be it will perform the addition of salaries which are greater than 75,000 so it will see which values are greater than 75,000 and then then the the output will be it will be adding these salaries which are greater than 75,000 okay now coming to the next uh slide we will discuss a another important function count F and we’ll find the data I result based on the data that we have and the count F function so we have a slide uh data here and using the co data find the number of days in which the number of deaths in Italy has been greater than 200 okay it’s not uh shown here for some reason but I will show you in the exal sheet okay so this is the data that we have and we will try to find the function so we’ll use the count function and count function is again simple count if you are specifying the column that is the uh source that you’re looking for that is G2 the column G and it is two it starts from two row two G2 till g357 which is the end of the column and what you’re looking for is Italy you’re specifying it in codes Italy and then the next column that it will look for is the E column the number of cases okay here we have the number of cases e22 again we are specifying the range and what we’re looking for is number of cases which are more than 20 so we’ll perform this function and it will show you the output okay I’ll show you to you in the Excel so here is the sheet and I will uh try to get the answer here and the so we performing count F okay count F and you’re giving the brackets parenthesis G2 which is the countries column okay countries column here who has specified the whole range 3 5 7 it is Bally uh a long long list of uh data and you’re specifying the r and what you’re looking for is particularly uh any country you can pick up like uh Algeria okay Algeria and you specify it in codes okay comma then what is the next Target that you looking for is the column e where is it is mentioning the number of cases okay so you specify the column range for the number of cases which is again e and then uh the 3 5 Tri 7 I mean it’s a basically long list of data that you’re looking for and then you are what is the condition that you want to know and you have to specify it at C and what you’re looking for is number of cases which are more than and you hit enter okay so it give you the output as 143 so there are 143 days in which the number of cases were more than 20 so so let’s uh refine our search further let’s see 30 and it gives 140 so another example that you can take is let’s pick Afghanistan Afghanistan and so there are 11 19 days that uh you will see the number of cases were more than 30 and this can be done with the count F function so so the next question is uh about the pivot table so what is a pivot table it’s basically is a summary of table of the data set I mean the data that is there that can be you know multiple number of rows and columns which has different uh data that has to be uh that is there in the reports and you need to analyze those Trends and you need to create a report and basically present it to the management or in a presentation so pivot table is a summary of table you know whatever data is there you can put it in a summarized format they are useful if you have long rows or column that hold values you need to track okay so you have long list of data and you need to summarize it and put it in a presentation or a you need to track the values so it’s very simple you have to select the data and then go to the insert Tab and select fav table okay and then it will show up like this and you need to uh select the table which is a table or range and then you need to specify where you want to put up this private table okay and it’s quite simple and I can show it to you in one of the examples okay so what you need to do is you need to select this and once you generate or as we have seen in the previous slide you need to select this and you need to uh select the output where you want to put the PIV table and then once you do that you will see something like this and you need to select these particular fields and put it in value so it will for example you need to select the death number of death you can just simply click this select this drag and drop it in the values okay so these are the different fields that can be put up in the table okay we can show it to you in the example here so this is our data and we need to show it in a p table okay select this and then go to the insert Tab and click private table okay select that and it will show you the uh table or the range and now where you want to put it okay I will put it in the existing worksheet okay and I’ll just select which color I’ll put it here for example and it will show you this and click okay so this is the table and now you need to select the fields that you want to show in the table for example we need to see the continents the number of cases as per the continents okay I selected and put it in the row and we see the immediately we see it in a table where you see the number names of the contents and now I want to see the number of cases and I simply select it and put it across in the value so this is quite simple and very informative very short and crisp form of presenting the data in a pivate table okay so this is how it is being used and it is being presented you just need to go to the insert tab fa table and it will generate the table and then you can select the fields all right so the next question here is uh how do we create a dropdown list in Excel this is particularly useful when you need to sort uh particular data with the drop- down list where number of uh different variables are there and you need to select one particular uh field and sort the data so you can do this by creating a drop-down list using the data validation option present in the data tab it’s quite simple you select the data and you go to the data validation tab in the data and click select data validation so once you select that it will ask you to specify a range so you need to select what data you need to sort and put a drop down so you need to select this and click data validation and you select the list option which shows you that there is a different option okay I’ll show it across in the Excel for example what we have here is uh some particular data and we have different variables we need to sort or put a drop- down list so just go to data as in as said in the slides and go to data validation and click data validation now as you click it it will ask you to data validation settings okay and in the drop down go and select list option so it will ask you to specify the source so when you asked uh to specify the source just click this particular column and click okay so here I’m mentioning the source is column B okay B 3 T B4 Okay click okay and then it will give you the option so here you can uh you can put this in anywhere across the Excel and click the option okay okay so this is the way to drop down using the data validation option so in the next example we will see so how do we apply Advanced filters in Excel we use the advanced filter option present in the data tab so this is the scenario wherein you have multiple set of datas and you need to sort it and it’s it’s actually huge data and you need to sort a particular column or a Fe with this criteria and you can select it and specify the criteria and specify a range what you want to uh select or based on what criteria the range can be specified and you can just get it in a single click so this is the option you have to go to data tab Advanced and you have to apply the advanced filter and then you need to specify the list range that is the basically the source and then the criteria wherein you specify the criteria present here I mean you are specifying in this case we will take an example where we are trying to sort the data of the number of cases based on number of deps and in a particular country and we are specifying the output we the copy to field is the output where you will see the output so I’ll show it to you in the Excel so here we have a spread sheet wherein you will see all the uh data covid data that we have and based on the countries and the continents and the number of deaths number of cases and so on okay and it also has different field like the date uh year and month so so here I am going to sort the data which is particularly for Europe and which has deaths of more than 200 in a day so how do we do it go to data advance and the you need to select copy to another location okay and this is the list range so it’s basically given in this countries okay and the criteria range you have to specify this so I am going to select this as my criteria okay and then I have to put the output in one particular cell so I need to select it again let’s say here okay and then I just click okay see it quite simple instead of running through the whole thing we can just do it with a simple function okay so it shows me the deaths which are more than 200 and for which particular country and for which particular uh continents all right so this is basically made very simple with this option the next question is uh you know you need to highlight some particular cells using using a particular criteria in this case we are trying to analyze or highlight those cells where the total sales is more than $5,000 so what we do is we use conditional formatting to highlight the sales based on the criteria it’s a very useful tool in analyzing data and Visually it helps you know you can have a look at the data in quick flash you will see the data and is quite visible using the conditional formatting so how we do that is I will show it to you now so as said in the slide we have the data of the sales that is provided to us and we need to see who has done more sales which is greater than the $5,000 so just go to home and you need to say go to conditional formatting so for that you need to highlight or select this go home conditional formatting highlight okay and you have different options here you select greater than and you specify the value here my criteria is $5,000 okay we can select which color so let’s go for green okay see this you will immediately see the option you don’t have to dig or look in deep into the data and find out which one is more than 5,000 or any particular value okay so conditional formatting now moving on to the next question the index and match function you must be familiar with the index and match function and why it is used basically index uh function is a very powerful tool where in you know you for example you have a table of planets in our solar system and you want to get the name of the fourth planet Mars so you can do it with a formula using the index one fun and at the same time you can use the match function okay with the match function together you can play wonders with it okay match function is another function that is designed to find the position of an item in a range for example we can use the match function to get the position of a word or uh look or in this case we have a name and we can use the index and match function to find the city how we do that is shown here okay it uh it looks quite complicated here when you see the formula but uh I can show it to you in the Excel and explain it further okay so here I have and I want to know where these people are and where they belong to okay so let’s see how it goes as we have seen it and we use the index function okay index okay now when I have to specify the range okay so the range is A2 it shows it selects the name and I want to select it from A2 to a s okay E7 sorry e call on E7 okay so as you see it highlights the whole table okay now what I’m going to do is I want to match it Okay match it with a condition I am I am specifying a condition a 10 why because I have to specify a name here and it will show me the city where he belongs to okay where it shows is a 2 okay if you see A2 it shows the name through A7 I have to specify the range here okay not just one name we are specifying the whole range as as you see if you put the values it will show you the selection okay a and what it should be it should be the exact match so zero denotes the exact match parenthesis close and I am putting another match condition okay what is this then this will give me the output what output is okay B9 okay this is my city B9 9 is the city where I’m trying to find from okay and what it should look for is a column A A1 through E1 okay it you select these this particular row and what it should be it should be the exact match again okay let’s see how it go it will give you an error because you haven’t put the value here okay so let’s see Andrew okay hit enter and you will see the city where he belongs to okay now let’s see where Anna belongs to enter and show Dallas okay so this is the one other function index and match function being used and it can be asked in frequently in the interview questions okay the next question will be uh how to find duplicate values in a column okay there are two ways that you can actually do this and one is uh basically the very simple one which is the conditional formatting and the other one is we have seen this before count if function okay how we do that you need to Simply select the data and go to conditional formatting and select duplicate values and it’s quite simple and there is another way which give you the color coded conditional formatting okay and there is another way that is the count count if function how we do that is again we you have to put another column and put up a count if criteria cont function wherein you see that you are specifying the range and the the value which is being twice or enter duplicate and you have to put up a condition I’ll show it to you in the X so here we have the data and I need to find the duplicate values here so I just select this and as I said it’s quite simple go to conditional formatting form and then go to conditional formatting and select highlight cell rules and simply go down and select the duplicate values okay it will give you with color you want you can simply select red or anything as you see the moment you select you will see the duplicate values highlighted okay so I just cancel this and there is another way then count a function so I’ll put another column where it says duplicate names and I will put up a cter function here okay so let’s see how a cter function works here to check the or find the duplicate names so as I said I will put up a formula or function here for the count F and we’ll drag it to other CS okay count it and uh uh since it’s an absolute uh reference I have to put up a dollar symbol okay my reference here will be H the column here h 2 okay and again dollar because I’m using it as an absolute reference colum through dollar symbol again nine okay so it drag still at the whole it drags still the all the names okay the H9 all right and then what I’ll do is I’ll put a comma in y I want to do is I have to select h two okay this is my criteria I mean it is repeating twice all right and I have to close the parenthesis and if it is more than one okay so this is my formula I just put enter and it should say true so this is the condition and it is true okay I simply drag it the whole thing and whether events is uh repeated yes it’s true Andrew it’s a duplicate entry false me is a duplicate entry and it says true and as you see me and events are duplicate entries so this is how we use the count function and the conditional formatting to sort duplicate entries in the date now let’s move on to the last question for the beginner level and since we have duplicate entry there is also a problem to remove duplicate entri so how can you remove duplicate values in a range of cells okay to Simply do that you can delete the duplicate values in a column by simply selecting the highlighted cells and press the delete button so you go in each column and you see the duplicate values select it and delete it okay and this is one tedious way of doing it and you can also after deleting the values you can go to the conditional formatting choose clear rules to remove the rules from the sheet so this is one way okay the next thing is again a simple button that is there in the data tab that is the is one of the tools present in the data tab which is simply called as remove duplicates it’s quite simple and it’s there in the data tools let me show you in the Excel so here we are and uh we have this data and we need to check and remove the duplicate so as I said go to the data Tab and simply click on remove duplicates and when you click on it it will ask you you want to continue or expand the selection I just say continue with the current selection and remove duplicates okay select all click okay two duplicate entries that were removed previously we saw that events and uh Anna were there Emy were there so that has been removed okay so that’s it for the beginner level and we’ll go to the intermediate level in the next slides choose from over 300 in demand scales and get access to 1,000 plus hours of video content for free visit skillup by simply learn click on the link in the description to know more so here we are at the intermediate level questions and these are like uh higher level or intermediate level compared to the previous things that we have discussed with the basic level questions uh for the Excel interview so let’s move on to the next thing and so there are there are some scenarios where you enter the date or uh some dates in particular data sheet and you need to find out what is the day of the week okay so you might be asking a question how do you find out the day of a week or a particular date so that is the function we we have a specific function and that is the weekday function to find out the day of the week or a particular date okay so as we know these are the seven days of the week and we just put the function as it says equal equal to week day and we need to enter the column or the area or the cell address here so week day is the function and it will give you the which which day it is of the week okay week as it says one it denotes Sunday okay and three is again Tuesday okay so this is the function that is used to find the day of the week so now we move on to the next one and there is a there might be a question what are the wild cards available in Excel so basically Excel supports three types of wild card which are asteris the star it represents any number of characters it can be used in different formulas and all like multiplication and all so it represents any number of characters okay the next one next Wild Card is the question mark it represents one single character okay you just need to memorize this in the back of your mind that it represents one single character okay whereas asteris is it represents any number of characters and the third one which is rarely used in Excel it is the TAA it is used to identify a wild card character that is Tilla ASX question marks in the text okay and it is very rarely used so you need to memorize these three things that the there are three types of wild cards we can see the functions of these in the later sessions okay the the next one is we have a question here what is the data validation illustrate with an example you might be asked this question and you have to know what is data validation what is what is it used for and you you should know how to set up in example okay data validation is a feature in Excel that is used to control what a user can can enter into a cell okay so you have with the data validation you’re not allowing a data kind of data that should be input in the cell okay for example you have the authority uh by setting up the data validation that you can enter either a number or a text or a just number and so on okay using the data validation and where is it available it is in the data tab okay select data validation option present under data tools okay and you just need to select the particular cells where you want to set up the data validation I’ll show you to you in an example so this is how it looks like you just need to go to data tools and click on data validation and it will show you and you have the options here allow and if you click on the drop- down you will see different options like I will show it to you in the example here okay for this particular thing if I want you know this column should have only names and it should have if you insert a number you will be thrown with an error okay you will get an error message saying that this is not a valid option okay so there are some columns where you have to put only names or you have to put only numers so you can set this up with the data validation technique okay you just allow it or customize it as per your requirement so this is how it looks like when you set up an so here we have set up a data validation saying that it should not allow you to put any text okay so you will get an error when you put a number here the value does not match data validation restrictions defined for this cell okay so here as an example I have some data where I am putting the names here and I’ll put the salary here I want to make sure that you know we cannot enter any numbers here okay it should be only text it should have only name so how do I perform that how do I restrict any user to that they should not be able to enter any number and it should only enter the text okay so there is a function okay you just need to go to data validation click data validation and here in the settings I’ll go to custom there are different options here you you can choose whole numbers decimal list date time so you these are the option and I go to custom and I’m giving a particular formula here okay what is that it should be only text okay so it’s a simple thing it should be text and I need to define the range okay so how I’ll Define the range I just select this okay and I select the range okay so I have selected the range here and if you go to input message and error alert you can customize it and here we are taking the default one and this is the input message if you want to set or customize something okay so let’s see how it works okay I have set this and then I try to put a number here and it throws me an error the value entered is not valid because we have set a restriction a user has restricted values that can be entered into the cell so this is how the data validation work okay the next thing is you will be given a situation wherein you have to uh you will be given data and you have to fun perform a function like in this example we are taking a condition where in you will have data and you have to specify the result based on the data you have to formulate okay so given below is a student table write a function to add pass or fail to the results column based on the following criteria you will be given a criteria so this is the student table you’re giving the student names marks and attendance and then based on that you will have to specify a next uh a a formula wherein you will see the result okay based on the pass uh student data you have to put a pass fail results in the column based on the following criteria what is the criteria and for example here in this example what they’re saying is you have to say this the student is passed if his marks is more than 60 and the attendance is more than 75% okay so how we perform this function as it says you have to use the IF function and check with the and condition to fill the results column okay so let’s see this in the example here here so here is the example and we will perform the IF function and check with the and function so how we do that is here okay so I have to put the IF function here okay and check with the and function okay and I have to specify the conditions I have to specify where it should see the or check the conditions okay so we are checking the conditions here and the marks should be in row I mean the column U and it starts with u5 so let’s see u5 okay it will immediately go to column U and five row five okay and then what is the condition we are satisfying here it should be greater than 60 okay and the other condition is uh the column V that is the attendance column okay and what is the condition we are specifying V 5 should be greater than 75 okay and we just close this conditions with the parenthesis and now we have to specify the result whether it is pass or fail pass comma in codes again F okay so let’s see how this works okay okay see this works okay the marks is 50 and attendance is greater than 80 so he is fail because his marks are 50 his attendance must be more than 75 but yes he is he has not scored marks more than 60 so we drag the same formula to the whole thing and you will see the result okay this is quite simple and you will see this formula and using the if and check and check with and condition okay now moving on to the next uh question you might be asked to you know this is simple function wherein you can you will be asked to calculate your age in years from the current date okay so how we do that there is a particular function and it’s very simple use the ear fraction or dated IF function to return the number of whole days between start date and the end date so you specify a start date which will be uh today’s date and the I mean the birth day and then the end day will be today’s date for example okay and you will get to know the age using the year Frack function and dated IF function okay so here is a small example and this is how we use the ear Frack function okay you specify this uh function and then specify the input dates that is the today’s dates and the date of birth and the uh today’s date okay and this is one of the ways to get it and there is also dated F okay this again it is day to-day function and you specify the input cells okay so let me show you an example for the same so here we are and U we have today’s date that is 4th of May and date of bir for anything it could be so I will specify the ear frag okay equals ear rack okay and then I should as soon as you enter you specify the start dat and the end date okay and I will specify the start date as today’s date it picks the column and then I put the comma and then the end date should be this thing okay and just close it and it will give you the age okay so this is the age for example if you want to find out my age I don’t want to reveal my birthday but it’s okay okay let’s see if it calculates I’m 32 years old okay all right so this is one of the ways and and similarly you can use the dated F function shown in the example all right now moving on to the next question you have nested if statements this is very important and you will definitely be uh coming across this question how are nested if statements used in Excel what are nested if statements the IF function can be nested I mean it can be Loop when we have multiple conditions to meet okay it can be nested the false value is replaced by another if function okay you have specified some condition and you are uh putting up a condition and if that condition is not there or not met then if it will be replaced with another IF function so uh the syntax will be like this below is an example so we actually we use two if statements in conjunction okay so here is an example here we are are specifying a condition where in you know uh the result is excellent if it is more than 80 and if it is less than 160 it is bad or average so this is very simple you want perform one if condition and if that is not met it will go for the next if condition so we are nesting two if conditions we are joining to if statements okay uh I’ll show the same example here in the Excel so here we are we have some data and the students and their marks okay and we are specifying a condition wherein uh if the result or marks are more than 80 the result is excellent and if it is less than 60 it is bad or average okay so how we get this is we use two if conditions if statements so uh as we have seen it if if now the first condition is uh our source or the source is B2 okay so b 2 and what I’m specifying is it should be greater than 80 all right I just close this and the result should be excellent okay excellent if it is more than 80 and if this condition is not met it will go to the next if statement okay we are nesting another if statement what is the condition here for the next statement it will check B2 is less than or equal to 60 you can specify any marks all right so if it is less than 60 it should give the result as bad or average okay specify anything and you okay and just close the double parenthesis so let’s see how it works okay see it works like this now let’s pull up the same formula the for the other results okay see if it is more than 90 it is 90 it is excellent so it is checking the first thing if it is greater than 80 it is excellent okay now in this case for Mark it is bad why because it will first see whether it’s excellent or not if it is not excellent then it will check the other condition if it is less than 60 it will give you the a bad result all right and similarly so on for the other marks all right so this is how we use the nested if statements you are adding two if statements the first condition and the second condition with another if statement okay okay when it comes to excel it is basically involves a lot of data and a lot of data to be analyzed and we have some powerful tools which are used in Excel to analyze the data one such uh important tool is descriptive statistics that is used to analyze the data so we might come across a question and you will be given a data or a table and you need to find the descriptive statistics of the columns using data analysis tool okay so you will be given us maybe for example anything and you will have a lot of data you have to use the descriptive statistics option in Excel for the data analysis okay how you do that is you have to add a pack okay okay you should be knowing that you need to add a pack which is called the analysis tool pack which you go to uh file options and then just click on the addin and select the analysis tool pack click uh Excel addin and just click go then it will add the option and then when you select the data you have to go to the click on the data analysis option which will be which will show up when you select the addin or when you add the addin okay then you need to select the descriptive statistics what we need to do is we need to analyze this data and it will show you the values like mean and the you can also customize you can you see you have this data and for you to check each and every row and find the mean the smallest the maximum number and things like that so this can be easily done using the descriptive statistics for the data analysis uh I’ll show the same thing in the Excel how it can be performed so here we are and I’ll show you first how to add the option to it okay go to add and select analysis tool pack as shown in the slide and you need to click go if you just click okay it will not add so just click go and then you need to select analysis tool pack okay it will give these are the different options uh for now now we are selecting analysis tool p and then click okay as soon as you do that you will see the data analysis this option gets enabled when you add that pack so this is the data that you have you need to find or analyze using the descriptive statistics so as you see it click data analysis and click uh select descriptive statistics okay and it will show up the option like this and you need to select the input range okay okay for some reason it’s already there and if you want me to show I will show it to your across you have to select the whole dat okay this is my input range and you need to select this labels in the first row so that you know it doesn’t take the first row okay I’ll show okay and now I’m putting the output in another worksheet okay you can specify or you can pry a new worksheet and these are the options that you can select you can you are getting a summary statistics which is the default and you can select the confidence level that is the mean value and you can set it up by whatever value percentage you want and you are selecting the largest one and the smallest number so all these data will get analyzed and it will open up in a new sheet and just click okay and you will see this so these are the if you see this this is our data paid organic social and revenue so this is uh okay make it more precise okay so with a single click all our data is analyzed okay this is the mean value and this is the minimum is zero maximum is this is the total and the number of count is thousand so you don’t need to scroll down and check what is the largest amount that is paid so this is the largest amount for the paid okay and so on so for the largest revenue generated all these things are generated with a descriptive analys okay descriptive statistics with a data analysis tool so the next question is about a pivot table and this is more refined or more advanced compared to the last oneth that we discussed in the uh beginner level so here you are asked to create a pivot table to find the total cases in each country belonging to their respective continents you are giving you are being asked to uh put up a table or pivot table with two variables basically each country and their respective continent so again we have the same data and we need to set up a pivot table which shows the continents in the countries with the respective continents the number of cases okay so let’s see how we get this in the example so here we are we have the same data it shows the days months year cases countries and the continents okay continents here and so on okay so I am I’ll go to the insert Tab and select the pavot table okay again the same thing I will be asked to enter a input range okay so I select this and since it’s huge I’ll just put the number to be 7777 okay let’s assume now this is our input data and uh where you want the output to be it’s already selected you can put it anywhere I’m putting it here okay just click okay and it will give you the option to select the fee s now what we want is number of cases okay which will show you the value and the countries and territories their respective continents so okay so this is how it looks like and we have to check now it is asking us to find the countries okay so with their respective continents you see this you see Africa as a continent and you will see okay you will see Africa if you just remove this you will see the number of I mean the cases with the respective continents and if you want to include these countries territories where the respective continents you will see as such if you just expand this you will see the countries that are having the cases in the continent Africa okay so country wise sorted with the continent okay this is another Advanced step to get the data or show the data in the prev table okay another question that you might be ask this is a basic and we have already seen this in the previous example that I have shown how do you provide the dynamic range in data source of a pivot table you have to select a particular data source in your input table of for to show up in the piver table so you have to select the input range but how do you create or how do you create or provide a dynamic range in this data source so just need to create a name table to provide a dynamic range so where is the data of your table so as we have seen in the previous example you will be able to select the input range and you just need to put this value any number so that you know it will pick up the dynamic range for your input source for the tape Okay so Now we move on to the next one and is is about about the pivot table again is it possible to create pivot table using multiple sources of data yes yes you can create a paper table from multiple worksheets sometimes you will have different data in different sheet can you create a pivot table for all the worksheet in a single payot table yes you can but there is a condition there should be a common Row in both the tables so you cannot have different types of data there should be a common row okay so then only it will act as a primary key for the first table and the forign key for the second table okay so this is something that you have to remember and you need to create a relationship between the tables and then build the pivot table so you have to analyze what kind of data it is it should have a common Row in both the tables on both the sheets and then you have to establish a relationship between this table and then build the table okay there is a visit for that we’ll see that later now let’s move on to the next question so the next question is again you know with the pivot table uh wherein you will be asked to further refine or uh you know refine your search and show it in the data so here we have with the covid data example again you will be asked to create a pivot table to find the top three countries from each continent based on the total cases using the co again and we have done this before we have created a prev table for this and we need to further refine it showing the top three countries with the number of cases and I will show that same thing in the Excel and we already have created a table and we’ll refine it further to show the top three countries which are having the highest number of accounts in the respective count so here we are we have the uh table uh already with us and I just just click on the show field list it will show me the countries and territories what we are asked is you know to show the countries with the top three that is number of cases so you just need to go here and you need to select the value filter there is a filter which you can select with the value and now I select top 10 and what I need is top three it’s very simple and you just need to know this thing okay and based on the Su of cases okay this is our field already then just click okay and it will show you the top three countries so it’s quite simple and it is very important to know this uh field and how you play with the value of the filters for each particular uh field in the pivot table so it shows you these things all right and now you can refine it further with the continents and all okay so different continent and you can see this so you go there and there is a value filter you can set up all right you have set up a value filter okay okay now there is another one how do you create a column in a pivot table okay like you will be given a situation where you need to add one more column and show it in the pivot table with a particular calculation or with a particular value and you have you don’t have that actual value in your your data but you have to calculate it and show it across in the table so there is another option which is called pivot table analyze and you need to create a calculated field from pivot table analyze option so when you go to your table and then go to pivot table analyze you will see the option to add a calculated field okay just go there and click select calculated field and you need to Define so in this example we are going to Define another column where we calculate the bonus of the sales and there is a particular formula the formula is you put an if and statement and then you calculate the formula you specify what is the bonus and what is the way that you’re calculating the bonus and it will particularly added another column to your table so let’s see how we we do that in the table actually so here we are we have this table and I have inserted a pivot table and I am putting it in output here okay then you will get the table okay now you need to select the customer name and the unit sold unit price saes okay so we’ll add another column to it how we do that is this go to pivot table tools and then you go to analyze Okay click on field items and set okay you need to select calculated field here select that and we are defining a new field here which is the bonus bonus and as I said we will put up a formula for this and we will Define it how we calculate the bonus okay with an if and statement which we have seen before how we uh put up a and if and statement okay now I’m going to say it as a like this sales my sales should be I’ll specify a condition how they will calculate the bonus if sales is greater than 4,000 and the unit sold okay I am trying to put it as the unit sold it also depends on the unit sold is greater than th000 okay for example let’s say th000 a person who is uh able to do uh sales of th 4,000 and the unit sold should be more than th000 then the sales what is this the bonus will be sales into that is the amount of sales he has done into 5% okay let’s say 5% bonus and sales is if it is 2% okay okay we are adding this field bonus and click add okay okay so we have added this and we have put up a calculation for the formula and you will see this in the so this is simple way of adding the column to your existing data and we are doing the calculations and showing it up okay so this is one way go to pivot table analyze and field items and sets you can select this option and add it okay you can customize this as I said with adding different fields this is pretty handy in analyzing the data which does not exist in the table and you add some value to your favor table okay the next uh question will be about slicer you must be familiar with what a slicer is and a pivot table and how do you use it what are the purpose of using it and how do you put up a slider in the pivot table so how does a slicer work basically slicers are used to further filter data in the pivot table suppose you already have some data and it’s for ease that you can do it by just adding a slicer you can select particular uh data in or a field and you can see the output for that particular field that you have chosen in the slicer okay so it’s very simple go to the insert Tab and select slicer under filters okay and then it will be like this okay and here if for example you see this is our period table we have added two slicers to filter our table that is month and countries and territory so this will be the general pivot table that looks like and we have added another two slies that is month and Country so if you go uh for example if you want to see what is the number of cases and some of the deaths for a particular month and for a particular country you can just do it by a single click and it

will show that particular data only in the table let’s see and do this in our Excel okay so there is a table uh pivot table already created for this and I want to add a slicer so how do I go ahead and do this is I go to the options and insert slicer okay and the moment you click on it you will see what are the options that you want to add you can select different fields and uh select the slicer for it uh for this example we are choosing month okay this is one of our sliders you can just put it here adjust to the and again this will be our slider okay let’s add another slicer here okay and this will be the countries and territories Okay click on that and you will see two simple badges here that you can choose from so if I want to know in the month of Feb how many number of cases were there for particular let’s see the moment I choose the month it will show that particular number of the corresponding table for the whole and now I want to further refine it to a particular country so for example Australia okay so there were total number of 18 cases and zero deaths at the same time if I go for Algeria it is like this so as you see it goes like this okay so this is one of the very important tool that you can use to show the data in a much simplified Manner and ease okay so the next question is about the pivot table again what is the percentage of contribution of each country and continents to the total cases again the same example for our code the covid one and this time we want to show the output as the percentage of contribution for each country and continents to the total cases so we have the same data and we generate a pivot table and we should show it as the sum of the cases uh to be percentage okay and this is how we do it this is our uh data and I’m going to create a pivot table for this okay so it shows the table and here I have to show what is the fields that we need to select okay for E we just selecting the cases and the contr and territories okay so cases to be the values okay okay so this is how it looks like now when I see let me show it to you see it shows the number of cases now if I just want to refine it further and see it as number of percentage percentage as the number of cases okay so how I do it show field list I go here and I go to Value field settings okay then again number format show the value as okay sorry show the value as you need to select this thing percentage of grand total and then just click okay and you will see this to be the percentage so it shows the data in the form of percentage okay this is very simple and you just need to remember as we have seen before show field and then value field settings okay this is the thing that you need to check okay Grand percentage there are other options also and you can select from whatever you want to do it in this case we are showing it to be the percentage okay okay guys now the next question is about very important aspect of presentation when we come to Pivot charts how do you create a pivot chart in pivot tables this is very basic or very you know important aspect of pivot tables that you can represent a data in a in the form of a chart and there are different types of charts which I’ll show it to you in the uh example okay so we have a data here and we want to show it in right now it is in a table form okay we have put up a pivot table for this and now the same thing can be put up in a fav chart okay so what you need to do is go to the insert Tab and select the pivot chart it depends on different versions of excel that you have different uh forms or different buttons so I will show it across to you and this is how it looks like okay it’s very simple it can be a pie chart it can be a bar chart it can be different forms and we can see that in the example here okay so let’s go to the example and so we have the uh pivot table generated here already what you need to do is you need to select the table table and go to insert and see the options there are there is a column chart there is a line chart there’s Pi Bar area scattered and other parts okay there are different forms okay so right now what we do is we will select the column chart here okay you need to select the pivot table and click on the column chart again there are different forms which can be seen uh in some time now so this is the basic form okay and it will show you the countries I mean the it will show it as a form of a chart okay again you can change the chart type you can change it to Pi okay this personally is very good in presenting or doing presentation and you can select different forms different styles okay will also show you the percentage so this is one form of presenting your table into a chart okay again bar type is also there so this won’t suit here in our example there are different ones I’m just showing it to you as how it looks like so depending on your I mean the aesthetic you can see and select what kind of chart is best suitable okay so this is how you put up a pivot chart in pivot tables okay so this is then last for the intermediate level and what are macros in Excel create a macro to automate a task basically you have some daily task that you perform in Excel okay and you can do this with quite ease using the macros okay it basically is a program that resides within the Excel file and it is used to automate task in Excel some daily task that you run like run when you come across in any data and you have to scrub that data and you do some daily routines and by removing some columns or adding some formulas and you know do doing some adding some colors and changing the fonts or beat anything that you form and you have to do a repetitive task so all that can be done by recording a macro and this is what macro is used for in Excel so how you capture those steps in Excel is through a macro to record a macro you can either go to the developer tab in the Excel and click on record macro or you can use or access it from The View tab Okay so these are the uh ways to access macros okay just go to the developer tab and click record macro where in you know when you click record macro it will record the steps that you performing in each step and it will capture that and you can save that it is like a daily routine that you run and you can do all these multiple steps maybe n number of steps within a single click by running that macro later on okay so you record macro and run that okay you do it through the developer tab go to developer tab and click record macro and it records all the steps that you are performing okay you need to name it and you just need to perform the actions and it will record the macro and you just save it later on whenever you come across the same daily task that you run you can just click it by running that macro okay B so in a single CLI it will perform all the actions that you have done or steps that you have performed on that particular Excel sheet or any other Excel sheet okay this is very handy when you have similar data and you do the similar task each day okay so this ends the intermediate level and in the next we slides we will see the advanced level so now we discuss the advanced level uh interview questions for excel and when it comes to the advanced level you will come across definitely you will be asked about what if analysis how does it work how does it how does what if analysis work in Excel so what if analysis as the name suggest uh you have to have an analysis done okay with the help of different complex mathematical calculations like formulas and using different formulas and calculations you can experiment with the data and you can analyze if this particular input changes what will be the scenario how will your output turn out to be so as you can see uh it is about different variables to see how your changes would affect the outcome of a situation so this is what uh what if analysis is and the same thing can be done with Excel and how it is done is you need to go to the data Tab and click on the what if analysis under forecast okay so there are three options and one is the scenario manager goal seek and the data table so these are the three situation or three tools which are available in the watf analysis in the data tab okay so goal seek is basically for reverse calculations okay and you have some idea you have some set goal in mind and you have certain variables and what you need to do and what you need to achieve to have certain set goals okay you have you will set a value for the goal and with the goal seek option you can get to know what value you have to achieve to come to that level okay so this is what goal seek is it is one of the simplest sense sensitivity analysis tool and uh so for example you know that you know a single outcome you would like to achieve like you have a set goal that you have to achieve this particular grade okay and the goal seek feature in Excel allows you to arrive to that goal by mathematically adjusting a single variable within that equation so you set the goal and you will do the what if analysis goal seek uh option to know what you have to do or what you have to achieve for the set goal the next option is the data table and it is basically uh used for sensitivity analysis okay so in this uh scenario you the data tables allow the adjustment of only one or two variables within a data set but uh each variable can have unlimited number of possible values okay so basically they are used for side by side comparisons and it makes it very easy to read the scenarios okay one but you need to set up the data table correctly okay and what you do is uh you give the input in the table and then you set up the formula and for instance you need to calculate the monthly payments for a loan okay you provide the principal amount like uh whatever amount you’re taking 2 lakhs three lakhs and you set the interest rate in a formula okay and uh you set the term in and then you need to uh provide different uh input options like what loan amount that you’re taking and you set the formula and go to data table and I mean go to what if analysis and select the data table stretches across and then you will see the monthly payment options or the monthly Emi that you can calculate there are different uh things that you can calculate you can calculate the Target or the sales bonus or things like that okay giving different scenarios in the variables okay but you need to set up a data table it might be a little challenging but yes it is a very powerful tool okay so the next one is the scenario manager it is a bit more complicated compared to the other two but then it is uh more advanced than goal seek as it allows you the uh to adjust the multiple variables at the same time okay and uh this is very complicated compared to the other two and it is even I mean it gives more better output when it compares to the other two wtif analysis tools so here when you go to wtif analysis and the scenario manager you have to select the data and provide different scenarios that is different values for each scenario and then it will create a it will analyze calculate and create different scenarios okay so it becomes very easy for you to analyze what if you are changing the value of your interest amount or the uh term of loan or your targets like uh monthly targets or an yearly targets and things like that and you just have to uh see what the scenario will be when you set this particular value for a table or for data whatever targets that you need to set you can use this what if analysis in Excel for the different scenarios and different calculations okay these are very powerful tools and you need to know this now as we move on to the next one you might be asked what is the difference between a function and a sub routine in a VBA okay even though these two are used us quite frequently that is uh pretty much different from each other okay so a function always returns a value of the task it is performing okay so when you are uh writing a module you will have a function when you have a function it will always give you a value okay for example you are performing an addition it using the function it will give you a value for sure whereas sub routine it does not return a value of the task it is performing functions are called by a variable okay you can uh set up a variable and you can call the function okay where sub routines can be recalled from anywhere in the program in multiple types okay in many different ways you can recall a sub routine like we have seen uh we write a sub routine and we put up a button and we can when you click the button it will recall the sub routine functions are called by variable okay you have have to set up a variable and when you enter it it will come up okay functions are used directly in spreadsheet as formulas whereas Subs cannot be used directly in spreadsheets as formula okay this is very important difference and the next thing is the functions can be used to perform repetitive task and return a value whereas users must insert a value in the desired cell before getting the result of the sub so this is particularly limited okay whereas functions can be used to perform different repetitive task and return a value user input is not required whereas if you see the sub routines user must insert a value okay in the desired cell that to in a particular cell which is defined in the sub routine to getting the desired result okay so these are the differences between functions and sub routines now the next one is what is the difference between this workbook and active workbook in VBA so when you work on modules and different Excel spreadsheets and workbooks you will have these different workbooks open and there is a particular difference and you might be asked what is the difference between this workbook and active workbook so as the name suggest this workbook refers to the name of the workbook where the code is actually running from okay you are running a code VBA code and it is the actual workbook where you are running the code from and that is this workbook okay and you have multiple spreadsheets open and you’re working on particular suppose for example you’re working on uh sheet X okay and you active workbook is the workbook that is currently active from the different open workbooks you have different open workbook but you are working on one particular workbook and that is called the active workbook so this workbook is the refers to the name of the workbook where the code is actually written whereas active workbook is the one that is currently open currently active okay so this is the difference between this workbook and the active workbook in VBA as shown in the example this is a simple uh sub that is written a code that can be written to find out which workbook is the uh uh which workbook is the uh this workbook in the VBA and the active workbook as well okay so this is a simple thing that you can run to determine okay it shows the active workbook and the this workbook okay so as we move on to the next one so this is the question how will you pass arguments to a vbf function okay there are two ways basically arguments can be passed to a VBA function as a value or as a reference so this is uh an example that you can see it is by reference the key word for this is by reference okay so when you are passing an argument by reference the keyword should be by RF whereas uh by value your specifying a value and the keyword is by V value okay so these are the two ways that you can pass an argument in VBA so when you pass an argument by reference in a procedure the variable itself okay the variable itself is accessed by a procedure and it is to the location or the address in the memory okay the value of the variable is changed permanently by the procedure in this case all right okay so to pass an argument by reference you should use by ref that is the keyword before the argument okay so in this example it is clearly shown what is the keyword that is being used okay and by reference is the default in the VBA unless you specify something else which in this case is by value okay and as I said the keyword for by value passing the argument by value is by V okay so when you set the keyword by Val the variable uh what happens is the by value argument function or argument uh uh is passed through by value okay the number function is called here which means it assigns a value to the variable X here okay because the variable was passed by value in the function any change to the value okay any change to the value of the variable is only the current function so it ends after it performs the function okay then it revert back to the value when it is declared again where it is set to zero so if the variable has been passed by reference in the function then the variable would have permanently assumed the new assigned value so this is the basic Difference by reference and by value so now we move on to the next one so there might be a question that you will be asked that how do you find the last row or a column in a VBA okay so to find the uh last row sometimes you have long list of uh data and it has like n number of rows and N number of column so instead of scrolling down all together to find the uh last row you can use this uh VBA code you can write this code it’s a very simple one and it will give you the last row you will find the last row with a single click okay let’s see it in the VBA so here I have a sheet which uh you know it has long list of uh rows and instead of scrolling down I can just find out the last row with this VBA code okay I just click on this and as seen in the slideshow I have just return it and you will see the you just run it and you will see the number of it will give you the last row in the sheet okay similarly we can do this for the column as well okay in case if you have long list of or large number of columns instead of scrolling right you can just uh run this VBA and you can see you can know the last number of column okay number of columns so as we’ve seen in the last row now we’ll see the code for the finding the last column it’s the same thing uh instead of row you will see it as column all right and it will when you run it you will give the it will give you the last column okay today I am here to show you how you can start earning extra money with Excel even alongside your 9 to5 job with just an hour a day you can create a steady second income stay tuned as I work you through a stepbystep guide to turning your Excel Sals into a profitable side hustle imagine turning your Excel CS into a steady source of extra income in today’s world where costs are always going up having a second income is not just nice it’s a smart move with just your Excel knowledge you could earn up to 30,000 or more every month helping you manage expenses and chase your dreams you don’t need to be a pro to start beginners can join in too whether you are freelancing analyzing data or creating custom Excel Solutions the possibilities are endless with practice and consistency you can grow your income while building your skills don’t let your Excel knowledge go to West use it to create a flexible financially secure future Excel is not just a tool it’s your key to success and freedom let’s get started and make your skills work for you suppose I have a data set like this and just imagine you have received this from the client’s end so the work will basically be on data analysis and you can have five 00 rows or you can even have 5,000 rows and even have more than that or even less than that so don’t worry it won’t be a manual work for sure with the help of AI that is artificial intelligence we can analyze data in Excel in just a short time now you must be feeling how much they are earning by performing the data analysis in Excel so I have opened here Fiverr if not a is one of the top freelancing platforms that is available and here you will find the various gigs out there when you search for this Excel data analysis now if you look nicely you will see people charging 2,695 and even much more than that and sometimes even less now if I open something like this that is a top rated one you will see an overview see this is the basic there charge for 2,695 and here I will do excel dashboard development and Excel data analysis so if you see minutely you will even have this comments over here they have got from their clients and even they have their overview they what they’re doing uh and what he is building like we build templates off and everything this is a standard one uh he is charging for 8,984 for the um 3-day delivery and n divisions he has done and premium is much more you can even imagine that is 22458 so in a nutshell on an average if you see this whole one you will find that you can earn 1,615 just an hour with your Excel skills now if you open one of the ranking freelancer any of this you will get an overview now I will cross this and I will go back to this data set now we have columns like population on males population on person females literacy rate females and everything and so on so just assume that the client’s requirement was give me the top five City by the average literacy rate females as a pie chart and he will pay you a certain amount for that so the basic part is the client may be un aware of how to do it or maybe having lack of time to do the data analysis in Excel so what you have to do is you have to select this whole data set you have to select this whole data set it will take time as it is so much long and go on the top right side of this Excel and you will find analyze data Under This Home tab so you click on this analyze data and it will take some time for processing after clicking it it will process the data no human interference is required it has automat ically discovered some Data Insights as you can see it has even made this bar graphs and somehow plotted this and even you can get this insights now simply what we need to do is we need to pay attention to what my client requires and simply we need to type that requirement over here and then ask a question about your data and the question to was give me a top five City by average literacy rate females as a pie chart so I will type this question over here so I will type over here the question give me a top 5 City by average literacy rate females as py chart and enter and see I have got one so automatically it will generate a pie chart according to the request M given over here and all we need to do is to click on this insert pivot chart over here so that it will be inserted in a new worksheet sheet two so this is basically nice because you will even getting the five cities that are having the greatest literacy rate of the females and you can earn up to 33,000 with just minimum skill set in Excel with just basic Excel knowledge you can get start a second income stream while your initial earnings might be modest consistent effort and practice will soon help you scale up to 30,000 or more per month as you can experience your skill will command higher pay as a freelancer so I have a pro tip for you start with the competitive rates as a beginner in the freelancing market with time and persistence you will position yourself as a top earning freelancer the journey is worth it your Excel skills can truly transform your financial future so that’s a wrap on a f course guys if you have any doubts or question ask them in the comment section below our team of experts will reply you as soon as possible thank you and keep learning with simply learn staying ahead in your career requires continuous learning and upskilling whether you’re a student aiming to learn today’s top skills or a working professional looking to advance your career we’ve got you covered explore our impressive catalog of certification programs in cuttingedge domains including data science cloud computing cyber security AI machine 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By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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