Month: November 2025

  • Disney’s 30 Most Successful Movies Of All Time, Ranked

    Disney’s 30 Most Successful Movies Of All Time, Ranked

    For over a century, Disney has conjured magic on the silver screen, crafting cinematic masterpieces that have enchanted global audiences and broken box office records. From heartwarming animated tales to swashbuckling adventures, Disney’s legacy is one of timeless storytelling, artistic innovation, and commercial triumph. This list ranks the 30 most successful Disney films ever made, not merely by profit, but by cultural impact, critical acclaim, and audience devotion.

    Disney’s influence on global entertainment is monumental. As noted by media scholar Henry Jenkins, “Disney is not simply a media producer—it is a storyteller that defines childhood itself.” The studio’s ability to weave universal themes with cutting-edge animation and compelling narratives has allowed it to transcend generations and markets. From original classics to billion-dollar franchises, Disney films have not just entertained; they’ve shaped cultural values, inspired academic analysis, and generated entire fan communities.

    In The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, Steven Watts writes that Disney “packaged fantasy into a uniquely American blend of optimism, moral clarity, and commercial ingenuity.” These 30 films are testaments to that enduring formula. As we count down these cinematic giants, you’ll see more than numbers—you’ll see how Disney has continuously rewritten the rules of what it means to make a successful film in the modern era.


    1 – 100 Years of Disney

    Celebrating its centennial, Disney’s journey from a small animation studio to a media empire is nothing short of legendary. It all began in 1923 when Walt and Roy Disney founded the Disney Brothers Studio. From the creation of Mickey Mouse in 1928 to the introduction of feature-length animation with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937, the company redefined the possibilities of visual storytelling. Over the decades, Disney not only mastered hand-drawn animation but also pioneered technologies in CGI, sound design, and immersive world-building.

    This 100-year milestone is a tribute to Disney’s ability to adapt while staying rooted in its core values: imagination, family, and storytelling. According to media theorist Neal Gabler in his acclaimed biography Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination, “Disney’s genius was in his understanding that fantasy could reflect the deepest truths of human experience.” From humble beginnings to becoming a cornerstone of global culture, Disney’s centennial is a moment to reflect on its past achievements and anticipate its future innovations.


    2 – Monsters University: $1 Billion

    Monsters University was a daring prequel that successfully explored the formative years of beloved characters Mike and Sulley. By flipping the narrative from a monster-scare story to a college buddy film, Disney-Pixar delivered both nostalgia and new character depth. It struck a chord with audiences by balancing slapstick humor with subtle themes of self-discovery, failure, and perseverance—a combination that resonated across age groups.

    Its billion-dollar success underscores the power of world-building and character continuity in Disney franchises. The film’s nuanced message that “not everyone’s path is the same” reflects real-life educational and professional journeys, making it not just entertaining but relatable. According to The Pixar Touch by David A. Price, Pixar’s storytelling thrives on emotional realism—Monsters University proves that even fantastical creatures can embody deeply human lessons.


    3 – Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales: $1 Billion

    Despite being the fifth installment in the Pirates franchise, Dead Men Tell No Tales managed to captivate a global audience, propelled by Johnny Depp’s iconic portrayal of Jack Sparrow and high-stakes nautical drama. With dazzling visual effects, a haunting new villain, and a script laced with callbacks to earlier films, this entry reinforced the franchise’s enduring appeal.

    Its billion-dollar performance reflects Disney’s skill in revitalizing familiar brands while keeping them fresh. As scholar Thomas Schatz points out in Hollywood Genres, “Franchises thrive by blending formula with novelty.” Dead Men Tell No Tales did exactly that, maintaining franchise loyalty while offering a new generation a swashbuckling adventure worth remembering.


    4 – Coco: $1 Billion

    Coco stands as one of Disney-Pixar’s most culturally rich and visually breathtaking offerings. Rooted in the Mexican tradition of Día de los Muertos, the film explores family, legacy, and memory with striking depth. Its authentic portrayal of Mexican culture, combined with vibrant visuals and emotionally resonant storytelling, set a new benchmark for representation in mainstream animation.

    The film’s financial success is a testament to the global appetite for diverse narratives when handled with care and respect. As noted by cultural critic Gloria Anzaldúa, “Culture is made by those in power—but it is also reshaped by the voices of the marginalized.” Coco did both—uplifting a cultural celebration while reinforcing Disney’s global storytelling prowess.


    5 – Maleficent: $1 Billion

    Maleficent redefined the modern fairy tale by giving voice and depth to one of Disney’s most iconic villains. Rather than a one-dimensional antagonist, Maleficent became a complex character shaped by betrayal, trauma, and maternal love. The film invited audiences to reevaluate the binaries of good and evil, a narrative choice that mirrored contemporary discussions on empathy and perspective.

    Its massive box office haul highlights a growing audience interest in character-driven reimaginings. As Marina Warner writes in From the Beast to the Blonde, fairy tales endure by evolving with the times. Maleficent is a brilliant example of this evolution—combining psychological nuance with blockbuster spectacle.


    6 – Peter Pan: $1 Billion

    Disney’s Peter Pan remains a cornerstone of the studio’s golden age of animation, capturing the eternal allure of childhood and adventure. Released in 1953, its timeless tale of flight, fairies, and Neverland continues to resonate with viewers across generations. The film’s vibrant animation, whimsical score, and iconic characters like Tinker Bell have embedded it deeply into popular culture.

    Its enduring financial and cultural value illustrates the potency of universal themes like freedom, innocence, and the refusal to grow up. Literary scholar Maria Tatar notes in The Classic Fairy Tales that stories like Peter Pan thrive because they “tap into our deepest longings and fears.” Disney’s adaptation does just that, offering both escape and introspection.


    7 – Aladdin: $1.1 Billion

    The animated Aladdin was a musical triumph, but the 2019 live-action adaptation soared even higher financially. Directed by Guy Ritchie and featuring a dynamic performance by Will Smith as the Genie, this version combined the magic of the original with updated themes of agency, equality, and cross-cultural respect.

    The film’s commercial success reflects Disney’s knack for reinventing classics without losing their soul. As scholar Susan Aronstein notes in Hollywood Knights: Arthurian Cinema and the Politics of Nostalgia, “Reboots thrive when they evoke sentiment but challenge past assumptions.” Aladdin achieved that balance, enchanting a new generation while offering fresh commentary.


    9 – Up: $1.1 Billion

    Up is widely regarded as one of Pixar’s most emotionally resonant films, anchored by its unforgettable opening montage that wordlessly portrays a lifetime of love and loss. The film then shifts into an adventure story, following a curmudgeonly widower and an eager young scout as they travel to South America in a flying house.

    The movie’s billion-dollar earnings are remarkable considering its meditative tone and mature themes. In The Pixar Theory by Jon Negroni, the interconnected emotional stakes across Pixar films are explored—Up stands out as one that masterfully blends heartache with hope, earning both critical acclaim and audience loyalty.


    10 – Inside Out: $1.1 Billion

    Inside Out marked a new frontier for animated storytelling, taking viewers inside the mind of a young girl navigating life’s emotional complexities. By personifying Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust, Pixar created an insightful exploration of human psychology that resonated across age groups.

    Its commercial success confirmed that animation doesn’t have to be lighthearted to be profitable. Psychologist Paul Ekman, whose work influenced the film, praised its accuracy in representing emotional development. This film, according to Emotions Revealed, teaches that emotional balance—not constant happiness—is the true key to well-being.


    11 – Lady and the Tramp: $1.1 Billion

    Lady and the Tramp is a tale as old as time, telling a story of love that transcends class boundaries. The film’s iconic spaghetti scene has become one of the most romantic moments in cinematic history, emblematic of Disney’s knack for subtle emotional storytelling.

    Its sustained popularity and financial worth are due to its classic charm and universal themes. As film historian Leonard Maltin notes in The Disney Films, early Disney narratives “succeeded not by spectacle alone, but by sincere storytelling.” Lady and the Tramp embodies that principle beautifully.


    12 – The Jungle Book (2016): $1.2 Billion

    Jon Favreau’s live-action The Jungle Book dazzled audiences with its photorealistic CGI and compelling blend of nostalgia and novelty. By reimagining the beloved 1967 classic with advanced technology and deeper character arcs, the film offered a sensory and emotional feast.

    Its box office triumph demonstrates Disney’s ability to breathe new life into its animated canon. Scholar Henry Giroux notes that Disney films “construct powerful pedagogical narratives”—in this case, one about belonging, courage, and coexistence with nature.

    13 – The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe: $1.2 billion
    Disney’s adaptation of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (2005) brought C.S. Lewis’s Christian-allegorical fantasy to the big screen with commercial triumph, garnering $1.2 billion globally. This epic tale of four siblings discovering a magical realm teeming with mythic creatures, talking animals, and moral complexity appealed to audiences seeking high fantasy with spiritual depth. The success of this film marked Disney’s foray into grand-scale fantasy outside its traditional animated stronghold.

    Scholars have long discussed the deeper philosophical and theological themes embedded in Lewis’s Narnia series. Michael Ward’s Planet Narnia explores how Lewis used planetary symbolism and Christian allegory to craft deeper moral landscapes. Disney’s film captured that duality—both a family adventure and a mythic parable—resonating with viewers looking for narratives that bridge the sacred and the heroic.


    14 – Aladdin (2019): $1.3 billion
    The 2019 live-action Aladdin, directed by Guy Ritchie, became a global sensation, earning $1.3 billion worldwide. By blending Middle Eastern aesthetics, a modernized script, and Will Smith’s charismatic turn as the Genie, the film offered a fresh take on the 1992 animated classic. Its vivid choreography and updated musical numbers—especially the empowering “Speechless”—aligned well with contemporary themes of self-agency and equality.

    The reinvention of familiar narratives is a hallmark of Disney’s strategy. Linda Hutcheon’s A Theory of Adaptation argues that successful adaptations provide audiences with both recognition and surprise. Aladdin struck that balance, satisfying fans of the original while introducing new dynamics and cultural nuances. The film’s box office success reflected Disney’s strategic mastery in reviving its legacy catalog for a new generation.


    15 – Zootopia: $1.3 billion
    Zootopia (2016) was a breakout success with a global gross of $1.3 billion, praised for its rich allegorical treatment of prejudice, identity, and systemic bias. Set in a metropolis populated by anthropomorphic animals, it cleverly used its premise to unpack complex social issues in an accessible yet thought-provoking way. The dynamic duo of Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde brought heart, humor, and subtle critique to an animated film rarely matched in depth.

    Sociologist George Gerbner once observed that “media are the cultural environment,” and Zootopia exemplifies how children’s films can shape early perceptions of societal structures. Its timely message and layered storytelling appealed to parents, educators, and critics alike, demonstrating how animation can transcend entertainment to become a vessel for social commentary.


    16 – Finding Dory: $1.3 billion
    Pixar’s Finding Dory (2016), the long-awaited sequel to Finding Nemo, garnered $1.3 billion globally. Centering on the memory-challenged yet endearing Dory, the film explored themes of disability, belonging, and the meaning of family. The emotionally resonant journey struck a chord with both children and adults, affirming Pixar’s reputation for layered storytelling that extends well beyond surface-level charm.

    In The Pixar Touch by David A. Price, the author explains how Pixar’s development process emphasizes emotional truth as much as visual splendor. Finding Dory succeeded not just because of its technical excellence, but because it offered a heartfelt narrative about persistence and identity. The film’s triumph was as much about character as it was about spectacle.


    17 – Cinderella: $1.3 billion
    Disney’s 2015 live-action Cinderella, directed by Kenneth Branagh, turned a classic fairy tale into a visually sumptuous and emotionally layered epic, earning $1.3 billion. Eschewing postmodern irony, the film embraced sincerity and virtue, highlighting themes of kindness and courage through the lens of opulent costume design and grounded performances, particularly from Lily James and Cate Blanchett.

    Bruno Bettelheim’s The Uses of Enchantment argues that traditional fairy tales fulfill deep psychological needs. Cinderella’s modern adaptation preserved that mythic core while subtly revising the tale for a contemporary audience. In an age of cynicism, its message of grace and resilience resonated, proving that sometimes earnest storytelling still wins hearts and wallets.


    18 – Toy Story 4: $1.4 billion
    Toy Story 4 (2019) became a box office juggernaut with $1.4 billion in earnings, delivering a poignant farewell to Woody and the gang. By introducing new characters like Forky and deepening the existential stakes of the story, the film managed to blend humor, nostalgia, and philosophy in a way that elevated animated storytelling. The emotional finale left many fans teary-eyed, emphasizing growth, self-discovery, and letting go.

    The Toy Story franchise has long been lauded for its philosophical underpinnings. As Daniel Shaw writes in Philosophers Explore The Matrix and Other Modern Myths, Pixar films often function as modern allegories. Toy Story 4 served as a meditation on purpose and autonomy, making its commercial success all the more remarkable given its deeply introspective themes.


    19 – Alice in Wonderland: $1.4 billion
    Tim Burton’s Alice in Wonderland (2010) reimagined Lewis Carroll’s literary universe with gothic flair and surreal visuals, capturing $1.4 billion globally. This version emphasized themes of self-actualization, rebellion against oppressive authority, and the hero’s journey, reframing Alice as a warrior rather than a passive dreamer. The film’s unique visual identity and star-studded cast contributed to its global appeal.

    Burton’s adaptation aligned with Umberto Eco’s idea in The Role of the Reader—that meaning in art is generated collaboratively between creator and audience. This Alice was less about narrative fidelity and more about visual and emotional impact. Its success illustrated that audiences were ready for darker, more stylized interpretations of familiar tales.


    20 – Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides: $1.4 billion
    Despite mixed critical reception, On Stranger Tides (2011) raked in $1.4 billion, proving the enduring allure of Captain Jack Sparrow. The film introduced new characters and mythologies—mermaids, the Fountain of Youth—while simplifying the plot compared to earlier entries. This allowed global audiences to engage without needing intimate familiarity with the previous storylines.

    As theorist Thomas Schatz suggests in Hollywood Genres, blockbuster franchises often become brands unto themselves. On Stranger Tides exemplifies this, where character and spectacle outweighed narrative innovation. Its commercial success was driven by franchise loyalty, international marketing, and the magnetic unpredictability of its lead character.


    21 – Pirates of the Caribbean: At World’s End: $1.5 billion
    At World’s End (2007) concluded the original Pirates trilogy with epic scale and operatic ambition, earning $1.5 billion. It brought together diverse story arcs and mythologies—resurrections, pirate councils, and naval warfare—in a finale that was visually stunning if narratively dense. The film’s boldness in scope and lore complexity contributed to its massive draw.

    In Film Theory and Contemporary Hollywood Movies, Warren Buckland emphasizes how intricate narratives in blockbusters can engage viewers intellectually while thrilling them visually. At World’s End was emblematic of this style—flawed but audacious. It rewarded loyal viewers with payoff arcs and high-stakes battles that kept the box office ringing.


    22 – The Incredibles 2: $1.5 billion
    Released in 2018, The Incredibles 2 grossed $1.5 billion, building on the beloved characters of the original while shifting the spotlight to Elastigirl. The sequel explored gender roles, family dynamics, and the societal implications of superhero legislation. Its fast-paced plot and retro-futurist aesthetic made it appealing to both nostalgic adults and new audiences.

    Superheroes and Philosophy by Tom Morris and Matt Morris discusses how these figures reflect our cultural anxieties and hopes. The Incredibles 2 tapped into this by mirroring modern debates about work-life balance, surveillance, and identity politics. Its box office domination was a sign that animated films could still engage with urgent social questions without sacrificing fun.


    23 – Inside Out 2: $1.5 billion
    Inside Out 2, the much-anticipated sequel to the original Pixar hit, struck gold with $1.5 billion. Diving even deeper into the emotional terrain of adolescence, the sequel introduced new emotions and complexities as Riley enters her teenage years. The nuanced approach to mental health, identity, and emotional regulation struck a powerful chord with audiences of all ages.

    Daniel Goleman’s seminal book Emotional Intelligence underpins much of the psychology explored in this series. By visualizing the inner workings of the mind, Inside Out 2 serves not only as entertainment but also as a teaching tool for emotional literacy. Its success reflects a cultural hunger for media that treats feelings with depth and care.


    24 – Toy Story 3: $1.6 billion
    Toy Story 3 (2010) earned $1.6 billion and is often hailed as one of the greatest animated films of all time. It offered a powerful meditation on change, nostalgia, and mortality, as Andy’s toys faced an uncertain future. The incinerator scene and bittersweet ending elevated the film into a collective catharsis for audiences who had grown up with the series.

    Philosopher Susan Wolf’s writings on meaningful lives touch on themes echoed in this film—the tension between usefulness, loyalty, and letting go. Toy Story 3 resonated because it wasn’t just a children’s movie; it was a cinematic coming-of-age for an entire generation.


    25 – Finding Nemo: $1.6 billion
    Finding Nemo (2003) remains one of Pixar’s most iconic films, grossing $1.6 billion. Its underwater odyssey blends breathtaking animation with a compelling story about parental anxiety, independence, and courage. Marlin’s journey to rescue his son while learning to let go struck an emotional chord with audiences worldwide.

    In Raising Cain, child psychologists Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson explore the emotional development of boys—a theme mirrored in Nemo’s struggle for autonomy. Finding Nemo succeeds because it tells a simple story with universal truths, beautifully rendered in an immersive world.


    26 – The Lion King: $1.6 billion
    The 2019 photorealistic remake of The Lion King earned $1.6 billion, demonstrating the enduring power of this Shakespearean animal epic. With an all-star voice cast and cutting-edge visual effects, the film reintroduced Simba’s journey of loss, identity, and redemption to a new generation. Despite mixed reviews, its box office numbers proved the original’s mythic resonance was still alive.

    In Myth and the Movies, Stuart Voytilla outlines how classic story structures persist in modern cinema. The Lion King, echoing Hamlet and ancient hero myths, continues to captivate because it speaks to primal themes of destiny, belonging, and transformation.

    27 – Beauty and the Beast: $1.7 billion
    Disney’s live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast (2017) was a resounding triumph, both critically and commercially, earning an impressive $1.7 billion worldwide. The film reimagined the 1991 animated classic with dazzling visuals, a stellar cast including Emma Watson as Belle, and enriched musical arrangements. Its commercial success was driven by its cross-generational appeal, capturing the nostalgia of older audiences while captivating a new generation. The film’s themes of love, sacrifice, and redemption resonated globally, supported by a high-production-value marketing strategy and Disney’s cultural cachet.

    According to scholar Henry Jenkins, the appeal of “transmedia storytelling” helps explain how retellings like Beauty and the Beast maintain cultural dominance across generations (Jenkins, Convergence Culture). By enriching the original narrative and exploring subtext in new ways, Disney not only expanded its cinematic universe but also reasserted its role as a cultural powerhouse in shaping contemporary fairy-tale mythologies.

    28 – Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest: $1.7 billion
    Released in 2006, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest became an unexpected box office giant, grossing $1.7 billion. Its blend of fantasy adventure, supernatural elements, and Johnny Depp’s iconic portrayal of Captain Jack Sparrow made it a cinematic phenomenon. As the second installment of the franchise, it built on the momentum of the original film, introducing memorable characters like Davy Jones and expanding the rich lore of the pirate world.

    The film’s triumph can be attributed to its high-concept storytelling and visual effects, which elevated the action-adventure genre. Film critic David Thomson noted in The New Biographical Dictionary of Film that “Dead Man’s Chest ushered in a golden age for fantasy franchises, where spectacle met myth in exhilarating fashion.” This installment cemented Disney’s ability to balance commercial appeal with narrative complexity, ensuring repeat viewership and international success.

    29 – Frozen: $1.8 billion
    Frozen (2013) took the world by storm, redefining the modern Disney princess narrative and raking in $1.8 billion globally. The film’s emotionally resonant story of sisterhood, paired with its iconic anthem “Let It Go,” captured the hearts of children and adults alike. Its success extended beyond the box office, spawning merchandise, theme park attractions, and a Broadway adaptation—an example of Disney’s prowess in cross-platform integration.

    As psychologist Bruno Bettelheim explored in The Uses of Enchantment, fairy tales serve as mirrors to childhood psychological development. Frozen flipped traditional narratives by sidelining romantic love in favor of familial bonds, resonating with contemporary values of empowerment and identity. The film’s layered emotional landscape and progressive message marked a pivotal shift in Disney’s storytelling approach, resulting in cultural ubiquity.

    30 – Frozen II: $1.8 billion
    The 2019 sequel, Frozen II, continued the legacy of its predecessor, grossing another $1.8 billion worldwide. Rather than retread old ground, the film delved deeper into themes of change, loss, and self-discovery. Elsa and Anna’s journey into the unknown expanded the emotional complexity of the franchise, paired with rich world-building and a more mature tone. This strategic evolution kept audiences invested and reinforced the brand’s cultural impact.

    Scholar Linda Hutcheon, in A Theory of Adaptation, argues that successful sequels “must echo the original while offering innovation.” Frozen II embodied this balance, offering new musical numbers and plot revelations that expanded character arcs without alienating fans. The film’s blockbuster success reaffirmed Disney’s mastery at crafting cinematic universes that age and evolve alongside their audiences.


    Conclusion

    Disney’s century-long cinematic journey is a testament to its unparalleled ability to blend innovation, storytelling, and emotional resonance. From timeless classics like Peter Pan to billion-dollar modern blockbusters such as Frozen II, the studio has not only dominated the box office but also profoundly shaped global culture. Each of these films carries its own legacy, reflecting the zeitgeist of its time while contributing to Disney’s enduring mythos.

    As media scholar Neal Gabler observed in his definitive biography Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination, “Disney did not merely reflect culture; he shaped it.” The company’s most successful films are more than commercial successes—they are cultural landmarks. By constantly reinventing its narratives while remaining rooted in universal themes, Disney continues to enchant and inspire, proving that magic at the movies is far from extinct.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Al Riyadh Newspaper: Sunday, 5 May 2025: Hajj Pilgrimage, Conflict in Sudan, Municipal Elections in Lebanon

    Al Riyadh Newspaper: Sunday, 5 May 2025: Hajj Pilgrimage, Conflict in Sudan, Municipal Elections in Lebanon

    These articles from the newspaper “Al Riyadh” offer a multifaceted look at significant events and developments across several regions on Monday, May 5, 2025. The text reports on the start of municipal elections in Lebanon following a destructive war, highlights Saudi Arabia’s efforts in facilitating the Hajj pilgrimage as praised by Indonesia’s president, and addresses the ongoing conflict in Sudan, emphasizing the Saudi Foreign Ministry’s rejection of violations and support for a political solution. Additionally, the articles cover various topics within Saudi Arabia, including local government activities in Riyadh and Jazan, a discussion on regulatory adjustments impacting the real estate market, and an overview of recent sports achievements, particularly the victory of the Al Ahli football club in the AFC Champions League. Finally, there are pieces concerning the humanitarian crisis in Gaza due to restricted aid access, an analysis of the global cryptocurrency market with a focus on Dubai’s emergence as a hub, and updates on the conflict in Ukraine, including comments from both the Russian and Ukrainian presidents.

    Palestinian Issues and Israeli Actions

    Drawing on the information in the sources, the Palestinian issue is discussed from several angles, including conditions in Gaza and the West Bank, political developments within the Palestinian leadership, regional and international perspectives, and the Israeli approach.

    Regarding the situation in Gaza, the sources contain strong condemnation of the actions described as being carried out by the “Israeli occupation”. It is stated that the occupation is executing a crime of collective extermination through starvation, particularly targeting children. This is explicitly referred to as a “genocide”. The sources highlight a “shameful international silence” and complicity in the failure to pressure the occupation to end the criminal and immoral siege. This silence is contributing to the death of 1.1 million children in Gaza from hunger and killing. Tribal leaders in Gaza are mentioned as having previously condemned the Israeli occupation army’s use of starvation as a weapon and appealed to international leaders, including former US President Donald Trump, to stop the siege. The severe living conditions of children in Gaza after two months of siege and the prevention of humanitarian aid entry are criticized. Calls are reiterated for the protection of children, the lifting of the siege on Gaza, and allowing the entry of commercial goods.

    Concerns are also raised about a significant increase in “fetal deformities” in the Gaza Strip. Warnings have reportedly been issued over the past months about the risk of fetal damage due to radiation contamination from Israeli missiles and shells. It is noted that what is happening in Gaza is reminiscent of documented cases in Iraq after the invasion, where rates of congenital deformities increased due to radiation contamination from bombing. There is a call for an international investigation into the causes of repeated fetal deformities and the nature of the weapons used.

    While Israeli sources are cited as admitting to allowing humanitarian aid into Gaza, the sufficiency of this aid is disputed. The Israeli army chief of staff claimed that the limited aid Israel would approve would be “sufficient” to prevent genocide and maintain the population’s legality under international law. However, a newspaper source questions this, noting that there has been no such legality from the US for a long time and doubting whether the new policy of allowing small amounts of aid will make a difference. Foreign ministries of Britain, France, and Germany are reported to have demanded that Israel allow more aid.

    In the West Bank, Israeli occupation forces are reported to continue their aggression with widespread incursions, demolition, and destruction of infrastructure. Daily military incursions and permanent patrols are recorded in the governorates, villages, and camps.

    Regarding Palestinian internal politics, the sources report that the PLO Executive Committee has elected Azzam Al-Ahmad as its new Secretary. This move replaces Hussein Al-Sheikh, who was appointed as Vice President to the Palestinian President. The election took place during a meeting in Ramallah and is described as completing a step in the process of redistributing leadership positions within the organization. A member of the Executive Committee confirmed that Al-Ahmad’s election completes the process following Al-Sheikh’s appointment last week. The committee continues its work on political files and internal Palestinian movements, in addition to international efforts. This internal shift is noted as occurring at a time of escalating political and security tensions in the Palestinian arena, amidst increasing calls to rearrange PLO institutions and activate their role due to mounting internal and external challenges.

    On a regional and international level, Saudi Arabia’s efforts regarding the Palestinian issue are praised by the Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas reportedly plans a foreign tour, including participation in the Arab summit scheduled to be held in Iraq later this month. One source suggests that when a US President like Donald Trump visits the Middle East, there is an opportunity to define American alliances based on mutual interests, especially concerning Arab issues, with the Palestinian issue being foremost among them.

    The sources also address the stance and actions of the “state of occupation” (Israel) from a critical perspective. It is stated that the state challenges the UN and its organizations, persists in humiliating international bodies, and rejects recognition of the International Court of Justice and the war crimes court for committing genocide and ethnic cleansing against the Palestinian people. The “Talmudic and Torah mindset” is described by one source as rejecting coexistence, permitting killing and enslavement, and giving no value to human life. Violations listed include the rejection of self-determination and the desecration of holy places. A recent decision by the occupation government to ban the Waqf of Al-Aqsa Mosque is viewed as preparation for implementing a plan to demolish Al-Aqsa Mosque and build the alleged Jewish temple in its place. Criticism is directed at Western governments for only issuing weak statements and allegedly fighting free voices that support the Palestinians.

    Saudi Economic Development Under Vision 2030

    Drawing on the information in the provided sources, Saudi economic development is discussed primarily through the lens of Vision 2030 and its impact on various sectors, as well as strategic initiatives aimed at enhancing the economy.

    Key aspects of Saudi economic development highlighted in the sources include:

    • Vision 2030 as a Framework: The sources emphasize Vision 2030 as the guiding strategy for significant transformations in the Kingdom. This vision aims to achieve a better quality of life, develop society, and transform various sectors.
    • Diversification and Sector Development:
    • Sports Sector: The sports sector has emerged as a major pillar of Vision 2030, transforming from mere entertainment into a complete industry attracting investments and uniting talents. Significant support from the ministry and the General Sports Authority has made Saudi sports achievements noteworthy globally. Building modern stadiums for international events like the World Cup is part of a strategic vision positioning the Kingdom as a global leader in sports.
    • Real Estate and Housing: The housing sector is highlighted as a key pillar of Vision 2030. What was once a distant dream for many Saudi families has become an accessible right, with thousands of housing units being built through government support. The National Housing Company (NHC) is described as a strategic tool implementing Vision 2030 goals, acting as an executive arm for the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing and an investment arm since 2015. NHC has redefined housing as an economic product rather than just shelter. The NHC’s activities go beyond local scope and serve as a model for attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by creating a transparent regulatory environment, viable financing projects, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), thus opening opportunities for international developers. Agreements with global companies, like CSCEC from China to build 20,000 units, are seen as a clear sign of the housing scene’s transformation into a regional economic asset, distinct from merely a social service or urban expansion. The real estate sector has historically received exceptional attention from the state, citizens, and investors, being considered one of the most important semi-guaranteed investment vessels. Recent government decisions, such as imposing fees on white (undeveloped) lands and vacant properties, are described as a significant step towards achieving balance in the real estate market. These fees aim to treat real estate not as a static asset for speculation but as a productive asset to be activated for public benefit and urban sustainability. The decisions utilize economic tools like incentives and penalties, mimicking modern economies to guide market behavior towards the public interest. Freeing the market from a culture of monopoly, which hindered urban development and the provision of affordable housing, is seen as a crucial element of these reforms. Holding real estate without activating it is presented as hindering the development cycle itself. These changes are intended to restructure the relationship between real estate and the economy, creating a more attractive environment for investors.
    • Hajj and Umrah: The Hajj season is mentioned as one of the most prominent religious occasions in the Kingdom and the Islamic world, attracting millions of pilgrims. Government entities, including the Ministry of Interior, undertake significant efforts to organize and secure this event. Facilitating the pilgrims’ journey through cooperation among various ministries and authorities highlights the economic and logistical significance of this religious activity.
    • Media Sector: Efforts within the media sector, such as developing digital media, attracting advertising, and focusing on creating valuable content, also reflect economic considerations. Utilizing the Kingdom’s hosting of international events for media coverage and showcasing economic success stories are noted as important.
    • Public-Private Sector Integration: Enhancing integration between the public and private sectors is a key goal, as seen in initiatives like the Economy and Development Forum, organized by the National Development Fund. The forum aims to create effective communication channels for exchanging expertise and analysis to support national development and keep pace with global economic changes. The sources highlight the need for prior coordination and consultation between the public and private sectors regarding government decisions that affect business activities.
    • Increasing Private Sector Contribution: A specific economic goal mentioned is increasing the private sector’s contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from the current 47% to 65% in the next five years, aligning with the targets of Vision 2030’s third phase (2025-2030).
    • Infrastructure and Service Development: Ongoing municipal projects and plans for developing infrastructure and improving the quality of services in regions are seen as contributing to enhancing performance efficiency and accelerating completion, ultimately supporting the urban scene and aligning with Vision 2030 goals.

    Overall, the sources portray Saudi economic development as a multi-faceted effort driven by Vision 2030, focusing on transforming traditional sectors, attracting investment, improving efficiency, and fostering collaboration between government and private entities.

    Saudi Real Estate Transformation and Vision 2030

    Based on the information in the sources, the real estate sector in Saudi Arabia is undergoing a significant transformation, largely driven by Vision 2030.

    Historically, the real estate sector has received exceptional attention from the state, citizens, and investors, and has been considered one of the most important semi-guaranteed investment vessels, offering diverse real estate products. However, owning a home in large cities like Riyadh was once a distant dream for many Saudi families.

    Today, thousands of housing units are being built with government support. The National Housing Company (NHC) stands at the heart of this transformation. It is described as being more than just a government real estate developer; it is a strategic tool of the state that translates the goals of Vision 2030 into tangible urban, social, and economic reality. Since its establishment in late 2015, NHC has acted as an executive arm for the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing and an investment arm.

    NHC has redefined the concept of housing, viewing it not just as shelter but as an economic product par excellence. Its activities extend beyond the local scope, serving as a model for attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This is achieved by building a transparent regulatory environment, viable financing projects, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), thereby opening opportunities for international developers. The sources cite agreements with global companies, such as CSCEC from China to build 20,000 units, as a clear sign of the housing scene’s transformation into a regional economic asset, distinct from merely a social service or urban expansion.

    The government’s recent decisions, such as imposing fees on white (undeveloped) lands (up to 10%) and vacant properties (up to 5% of the rental value), are described as a significant step towards achieving balance in the real estate market. These measures aim to treat real estate not as a static asset for speculation, but as a productive asset that must be activated for public benefit and urban sustainability. The decisions employ economic tools like incentives and penalties, mimicking modern economies to guide market behavior towards the public interest.

    A key goal of these reforms is to free the market from a “culture of monopoly” which had hindered urban development and the provision of affordable housing. Holding real estate without activating it is seen as hindering the development cycle itself. These changes are intended to restructure the relationship between real estate and the economy, creating a more attractive environment for investors seeking clarity. The decisions’ comprehensiveness, including vacant properties in addition to white lands, is noted.

    The sources also highlight that achieving balance between supply and demand requires strict and fair legislation, not just calls or relying solely on the market. The lack of transparency and precise statistics has historically been one of the major challenges in the real estate sector. New regulations with clear mechanisms for objections are intended to address this issue. Furthermore, real estate ownership is presented as a responsibility; holding property inactive when it could be utilized is seen as disrupting the development cycle, highlighting an ethical dimension to the decisions.

    Overall, the sources portray the Saudi real estate sector as moving towards greater efficiency and investment attractiveness under Vision 2030, with the government actively using regulatory and economic tools to ensure market balance, curb speculation, and promote development for the benefit of society.

    Saudi Vision 2030 Economic Development

    Based on the provided sources and our conversation history, there is no information available regarding the cryptocurrency market.

    The sources discuss various aspects of Saudi economic development, including:

    • The overall framework of Vision 2030 and its impact on society and the economy.
    • Specific sector developments such as sports, real estate and housing, Hajj and Umrah, and media.
    • Government initiatives to enhance the real estate market through regulations and fees on undeveloped and vacant lands.
    • The role of entities like the National Housing Company (NHC) in driving housing projects and attracting investment.
    • Efforts to strengthen the partnership and coordination between the public and private sectors.
    • Goals to increase the private sector’s contribution to GDP.
    • Discussions related to other markets, such as the gold market.
    • Infrastructure projects.
    • Cultural events and initiatives.
    • Security and logistical aspects, particularly related to Hajj.
    • International political and economic relations.

    However, none of these sources mention or provide details about the cryptocurrency market. Our prior conversation also focused on broader economic development themes and specific sectors like real estate and sports, without touching upon cryptocurrencies.

    Saudi Arabia on the Conflict in Sudan

    Based on the provided sources, the conflict in Sudan is discussed in terms of its impact and the stance of Saudi Arabia regarding the situation.

    The sources highlight that attacks have occurred on vital facilities and infrastructure in “Port Sudan and Kassala” in the Republic of Sudan. These attacks are seen as representing a threat to regional and African security and stability.

    Saudi Arabia expresses its condemnation and denunciation of the targeting of vital facilities and infrastructure in Port Sudan and Kassala. The Kingdom reiterates its rejection of these violations.

    In response to the situation, Saudi Arabia calls for an immediate halt to the war. It also stresses the necessity of providing protection for civilians and implementing what was signed in the Jeddah Declaration. This declaration, titled “Commitment to Protect Civilians in Sudan,” was signed on May 11, 2023. The aim is to spare the Sudanese people more suffering and destruction.

    The Kingdom’s position is that the solution to the crisis is a political solution. This solution must be Sudanese-Sudanese and should respect the sovereignty and unity of Sudan. Furthermore, the solution should support Sudanese state institutions.

    The sources do not provide details about the origins of the conflict, the specific actors involved beyond the general reference to a “war,” or the military progress on the ground, focusing instead on the humanitarian impact and the political stance of Saudi Arabia.

    Comprehensive Study Guide: Source Analysis

    This study guide is designed to help you review and deepen your understanding of the provided source material. It covers various topics discussed in the excerpts, from sports development in Saudi Arabia to geopolitical events and cultural initiatives.

    Quiz

    Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each, based on the information in the source material.

    1. How has Saudi Vision 2030 impacted the sports sector in the Kingdom?
    2. What is the primary goal of the National Housing Company (NHC) according to the provided article?
    3. What specific technologies does the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) utilize in its inspection and regulatory activities during Hajj?
    4. Describe the key focus of the “Makkah Route” initiative.
    5. What was a significant outcome of the recent Arab Parliamentary Union conference mentioned in the text?
    6. What recent actions have been taken by both Pakistan and India regarding their bilateral trade and transportation?
    7. What is the main objective of the “Small Explorer” initiative launched by the Heritage Authority?
    8. According to the source, what is a key factor contributing to the decline in cinema attendance globally and how is Saudi Arabia addressing this challenge?
    9. What is the significance of Al-Ahli Club winning the AFC Champions League Elite title?
    10. What is the maximum fine for housing visitors who do not have Hajj permits in Makkah and the holy sites?

    Essay Questions

    Consider the following questions in an essay format. Do not provide answers.

    1. Analyze the multifaceted impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on various sectors highlighted in the source, including sports, housing, and cultural initiatives.
    2. Discuss the geopolitical tensions and humanitarian concerns presented in the source, focusing on the situations in Gaza and the relationship between Pakistan and India.
    3. Evaluate the role of technology and strategic partnerships in the development and regulation of key sectors in Saudi Arabia, using examples from the source material.
    4. Examine how the source portrays the intersection of culture, heritage, and national identity in Saudi Arabia through initiatives like the “Small Explorer” program and cultural exhibitions.
    5. Compare and contrast the challenges and opportunities facing the global and regional economies as described in the source, specifically concerning oil prices, cryptocurrency, and the real estate market.

    Glossary of Key Terms

    Below are key terms from the source material with their definitions based on the context provided.

    • Saudi Vision 2030: A strategic framework aimed at reducing Saudi Arabia’s dependence on oil, diversifying its economy, and developing public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
    • National Housing Company (NHC): A strategic tool of the Saudi state responsible for translating the goals of Vision 2030 into urban, social, and economic realities, focusing on housing development.
    • Makkah Route Initiative: An initiative facilitating the travel procedures for Hajj pilgrims, particularly those from Indonesia, aimed at easing their journey.
    • Arab Parliamentary Union: A regional organization bringing together parliamentary bodies from Arab nations. The source mentions its recent conference in Algeria.
    • Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA): The regulatory body responsible for overseeing food, drugs, and medical devices in Saudi Arabia. The source highlights its role in ensuring the safety of pilgrims during Hajj.
    • Raman Spectroscopy: A technology utilized by the SFDA for rapid and accurate analysis of the chemical composition of substances, such as pharmaceuticals.
    • Small Explorer Initiative: A program by the Heritage Authority aimed at educating children and youth about archaeology and the importance of preserving national heritage.
    • AFC Champions League Elite: A major club football competition in Asia. The source highlights Al-Ahli Club’s victory in this tournament.
    • Qatar FIFA World Cup 2030: The source refers to the potential of Saudi Arabia hosting matches as part of a multi-nation bid for the 2030 World Cup.
    • White Lands Fees System: A system of fees imposed on undeveloped urban lands in Saudi Arabia, designed to incentivize development and address housing needs.
    • cryptocurrency: Digital or virtual currencies that use cryptography for security, operating independently of a central bank. The source discusses the growing interest and regulatory environment for these in Dubai.
    • Hajj Permits: Official authorizations required for individuals to perform the Hajj pilgrimage in Makkah and the holy sites. The source mentions penalties for those who house individuals without these permits.
    • “Jusoor” Exhibition: A cultural exhibition organized by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance, mentioned for its focus on Saudi heritage and its role in promoting cultural exchange.
    • National Human Rights Association: A Saudi organization dedicated to supporting and promoting human rights. The source reports on its recent general assembly meeting.
    • Portsudan: A city on the Red Sea coast of Sudan, where the government loyal to the army is based. The source mentions it being targeted by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
    • Rapid Support Forces (RSF): A paramilitary force in Sudan involved in conflict. The source mentions them attacking Portsudan.
    • AFC Asian Cup 2027: A continental football championship for men’s national teams in Asia, which Saudi Arabia is planning to host.
    • Asian Winter Games 2029: A multi-sport event held in Asia featuring winter sports, which Saudi Arabia is planning to host.
    • Kashmir: A disputed territory between India and Pakistan. The source mentions the ongoing tensions and recent actions taken by both countries regarding this issue.
    • Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): Collaboration between government agencies and private sector companies to finance, build, and operate projects. The source mentions PPP initiatives in the Saudi housing sector.

    Briefing Document: Review of Al Riyadh Newspaper Excerpts (May 5, 2025)

    Key Themes and Important Ideas:

    This issue of Al Riyadh newspaper provides a snapshot of various developments and events, primarily focusing on:

    • Vision 2030 Implementation and Impact: Several articles highlight the tangible outcomes and ongoing efforts related to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, particularly in the sports, housing, and economic sectors.
    • Regional and International Geopolitical Developments: The newspaper covers significant events in the region, including the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon, the humanitarian crisis in Gaza due to Israeli actions, and the escalating tensions between Pakistan and India.
    • Saudi Arabia’s Role in Regional and Global Affairs: The articles emphasize the Kingdom’s efforts in facilitating the Hajj pilgrimage, its growing influence in international sports, and its stance on regional conflicts.
    • Domestic Initiatives and Progress: The newspaper reports on various domestic initiatives aimed at improving public services, supporting economic growth, and preserving cultural heritage.

    Detailed Review and Important Facts:

    1. Vision 2030 and National Transformation:

    • Sports Sector: The “Keywords” section and “Sports Achievements” highlight the significant growth and transformation of the sports sector under Vision 2030. It is no longer just a recreational activity but a fully integrated industry attracting investments and attention.
    • Quote: “The sports sector has emerged as one of the main pillars of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia within Vision 2030, amidst the major transformations it is witnessing in developing society and achieving quality of life.”
    • Key Facts: Saudi Arabia is set to host the 2027 Asian Cup and the 2034 Asia Cup. The Kingdom plans to build 15 modern stadiums in preparation for the World Cup (presumably referencing a future bid or hosting). The victory of Al Ahli Club in the Asian Elite Cup is presented as a direct result of the integration of Vision 2030, planning, and support.
    • Housing Sector: The article “The National Housing Company: A Strategic Arm of the State in Realizing Vision 2030 Housing Targets” emphasizes the crucial role of the National Housing Company (NHC) in achieving housing goals.
    • Quote: “The National Housing Company (NHC) stands at the heart of this transformation, not just as a government real estate developer, but as a strategic tool of the state, translating the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 into a tangible urban, social, and economic reality.”
    • Key Facts: The NHC is working on developing over 600,000 housing units by 2030. The company has reduced reliance on direct government funding and attracted over 65 private developers with investments exceeding $53 billion. The “Sakani” platform has over 3.8 million registered families, significantly reducing waiting times for housing support contracts. The “Ejar” platform has helped regulate the rental market. The housing sector now contributes over 14% to the non-oil GDP.
    • Economic Diversification: The article “Concerns about weak global demand and ‘supply’ negatively affect oil prices” and the opinion piece on the “Economy and Development Forum” underscore the ongoing efforts to diversify the Saudi economy away from oil.
    • Quote: “Although the government sector is the main sector for all activities so far, Vision 2030 has placed at the top of its priorities the advancement of business activity, so that the private sector, not the government, becomes the primary driver of the economy.”
    • Key Facts: The first Economy and Development Forum in Riyadh aimed to enhance integration between the public and private sectors to support national development. The goal is to increase the private sector’s contribution to the GDP from 47% to 65% after 5 years (presumably referring to the 2025-2030 phase of Vision 2030).
    • Public Services: The “Local News” section highlights initiatives to improve public services.
    • Key Fact: The “Mobile Civil Status” initiative provides services at 42 locations for men and women across the Kingdom, including remote areas, as part of the “We Come to You” and “Present” initiatives.
    • Key Fact: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance is providing awareness programs to pilgrims through various means, including a free awareness phone line and visual communication with scholars.

    2. Regional and International Geopolitical Developments:

    • Lebanon: The article “Israel’s aggression continues against southern Lebanon” reports on the ongoing municipal elections in Lebanon, highlighting the challenges posed by the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah.
    • Key Facts: The first phase of municipal elections was held in the Mount Lebanon governorate. The conflict with Israel, which began in October 2023, has caused significant destruction in southern Lebanon. Israeli attacks continue, including drone strikes.
    • Gaza Humanitarian Crisis: The article “Genocide by starvation… Israel uses starvation as a weapon of war against children in Gaza” vehemently condemns Israeli actions in Gaza.
    • Quote: “He stressed that the systematic starvation policy pursued by the ‘Israeli’ occupation against children in the Gaza Strip, and preventing food and medicine; is a crime of genocide with full pillars under international law.”
    • Key Facts: The article accuses Israel of committing genocide through starvation and a choking blockade on Gaza, citing the closure of crossings for 63 consecutive days. It warns of the severe risk of malnutrition for children. Officials in Gaza also report a significant increase (over 25%) in birth defects due to internationally prohibited weapons used by Israel.
    • Pakistan and India Tensions: The article “Pakistan and India exchange bans on ship entry, New Delhi imposes a trade ban and suspends postal services” describes the escalating tensions and retaliatory measures between the two countries, particularly concerning Kashmir.
    • Key Facts: Pakistan’s Ministry of Maritime Affairs announced an immediate ban on Indian-flagged ships entering Pakistani ports. India has imposed a trade ban, suspended postal services, and banned Pakistani-flagged ships from entering Indian ports. India also recently banned over 12 Pakistani YouTube news channels and blocked social media accounts of prominent Pakistanis, including former Prime Minister Imran Khan. Pakistan conducted a test launch of an Ababeel surface-to-surface missile with a range of 450 kilometers.

    3. Saudi Arabia’s Role and Stance:

    • Hajj Pilgrimage: The article “Indonesia’s President praises the Kingdom’s efforts in facilitating the Hajj journey” highlights Saudi Arabia’s commitment to serving pilgrims.
    • Quote: “The President of the Republic of Indonesia, Prabowo Subianto, praised the great efforts made by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in facilitating the Hajj journey through the ‘Makkah Route’ initiative in organizing travel procedures, expressing his gratitude to all relevant authorities in the Kingdom for their efforts that contribute to facilitating the journey of Indonesian pilgrims, which reflects the Kingdom’s keenness to serve the guests of the الرحمن (Most Merciful).”
    • Key Fact: The “Makkah Route” initiative aims to facilitate the procedures for pilgrims.
    • Key Fact: Security forces are implementing strict measures at the entrances to Makkah to prevent individuals without Hajj permits from entering.
    • Key Fact: The General Authority for Food and Drug is using advanced technologies like TruScan and FirstDefender (based on Raman Spectroscopy) for inspection and monitoring of food and medicine quality during Hajj.
    • Key Fact: A fine of up to 100,000 riyals will be imposed on anyone providing housing or assistance to visitors with visit visas in Makkah and the Holy Sites during the Hajj season.
    • Stance on Palestinian Issue: An article reports on Saudi Arabia’s firm position on the Palestinian cause.
    • Quote: “This issue is one that we will not compromise on and will not accept negotiation on.”
    • Key Fact: Saudi Arabia reiterates its commitment to the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination and the establishment of an independent state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital. The Saudi Council of Ministers affirmed this stance in accordance with international legitimacy resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative.
    • Global Sports Influence: The statement by the President of the Asian Football Confederation and First Vice President of FIFA regarding the 2034 World Cup suggests Saudi Arabia’s growing role in global football.
    • Quote: “We will play the 2030 World Cup in six countries and you will be surprised that there is a request to hold it in other countries… It is possible to think about changing the tournament system after the 2034 tournament, because the matter is limited in terms of number and location.” This quote, while slightly ambiguous in its translation and connection to Saudi Arabia specifically, appears in the context of Saudi football achievements and leadership, suggesting a potential future hosting role or influence.

    4. Domestic Initiatives and Progress:

    • Cultural Preservation: The “Culture Today” section highlights efforts to preserve Saudi heritage and promote arts.
    • Key Fact: The Heritage Commission launched the second edition of the “Little Explorer” event in Jeddah to introduce children to archaeology and heritage preservation through interactive activities.
    • Key Fact: The Ministry of Culture launched the “First Line” initiative focusing on Arabic calligraphy, aiming to reinforce Saudi cultural identity and promote Arabic language in contemporary applications.
    • Key Fact: Two cinematic projects (one documentary and one dramatic film) are underway to document the life and work of the late Saudi artist Abdul Halim Radwi, a pioneer in Saudi plastic art.
    • Real Estate Market Regulation: An opinion piece discusses new regulations in the real estate sector.
    • Key Facts: The decision to impose fees (up to 10% on white lands and 5% of rental value on vacant properties) is aimed at balancing the supply and demand in the real estate market and preventing speculation. The goal is to encourage development and provide affordable housing. The author views this as a move to treat real estate as a productive asset rather than a stagnant store of value.
    • Environmental Projects: The article “Implementation of 15 environmental projects in Jeddah worth more than 2.3 billion riyals” details investments in improving environmental infrastructure.
    • Key Fact: The National Water Company is implementing 15 environmental projects in Jeddah, including a sewage transmission line and a sewage lifting station, costing over 2.3 billion riyals to serve over 1.3 million beneficiaries.
    • University and Industry Collaboration: The article “Jazan University signs a memorandum of understanding with the Ministry of Municipalities” highlights collaboration between academic institutions and government ministries.
    • Key Fact: The MoU aims to enhance cooperation in training, research, and consultation, particularly in public health, waste management, environmental protection, and modern technologies.

    5. Sports Achievements:

    • Al Ahli Club’s Asian Title: Several articles celebrate Al Ahli Club’s victory in the Asian Elite Cup.
    • Quote: “Al Ahli club won the Asian Elite Cup… an example of what Saudi sports clubs can achieve when Vision and planning and support are integrated.”
    • Key Facts: Al Ahli won the Asian Elite Cup for the first time in its history, defeating Kawasaki Frontale of Japan. This victory qualifies Al Ahli for the 2029 Club World Cup and the newly established 2025 Intercontinental Cup. Riyad Mahrez and Roberto Firmino achieved a rare intercontinental double, having won European titles previously.

    6. Other Notable Information:

    • Donald Trump’s Visit to Saudi Arabia: An opinion piece notes that Donald Trump is expected to visit Saudi Arabia, highlighting the changes in both the US and Saudi Arabia since his previous visit in 2016.

    Overall Summary:

    The May 5, 2025 issue of Al Riyadh newspaper demonstrates a strong focus on highlighting the progress and impact of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 across various sectors, including sports, housing, and the economy. It also provides coverage of significant regional and international events, emphasizing Saudi Arabia’s role in facilitating the Hajj, its firm stance on the Palestinian issue, and its growing influence in global sports. Domestically, the newspaper reports on initiatives aimed at improving public services, preserving culture, and regulating the real estate market. The victory of Al Ahli in the Asian Elite Cup is presented as a direct outcome of the strategic vision and support for the sports sector. The coverage of international events reflects the complex geopolitical landscape of the region and the world.

    What is Saudi Vision 2030 and how is it impacting various sectors?

    Saudi Vision 2030 is a comprehensive strategic framework aimed at diversifying Saudi Arabia’s economy and developing public service sectors. The source highlights its impact across several areas, including sports, housing, and urban development. The sports sector, for example, has transformed from a mere recreational activity into an integrated industry attracting investments and unifying talent, significantly contributing to quality of life and national transformation goals. The housing sector is no longer viewed solely as a service but as integral to rebuilding the social contract, with the National Housing Company (NHC) acting as a key strategic tool to translate Vision 2030 objectives into tangible reality.

    How is the sports sector in Saudi Arabia evolving under Vision 2030?

    Under Vision 2030, the sports sector in Saudi Arabia is undergoing significant transformations. It has moved beyond being just a recreational activity to become an integrated industry, attracting substantial investments and fostering talent. This is exemplified by the success of Saudi clubs like Al Ahli winning the Asian Elite Cup, showcasing the results of integrated planning and support. The Kingdom is also actively pursuing hosting major international sports events, such as the 2027 Asian Cup and the 2034 FIFA World Cup, with plans to build 15 modern stadiums as part of these preparations.

    What efforts are being made to enhance the housing sector in Saudi Arabia?

    The Saudi government, through the National Housing Company (NHC), is actively working to make housing more accessible to Saudi families. The NHC is tasked with developing over 600,000 housing units by 2030 across several major cities. These projects involve comprehensive urban planning, including the development of extensive infrastructure like roads, schools, and community centers. Furthermore, the NHC has successfully reduced reliance on direct government financing and attracted over 65 private real estate developers with investments exceeding $53 billion, showcasing a move towards a more dynamic and attractive housing market.

    How is Saudi Arabia enhancing the experience for pilgrims performing Hajj and Umrah?

    Saudi Arabia is dedicating significant efforts to facilitate the Hajj and Umrah journeys for pilgrims. Initiatives like the “Makkah Route” streamline travel procedures. Furthermore, government bodies such as the General Authority for Food and Drug are employing advanced technologies, including Raman Spectroscopy devices, to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceuticals and food products for pilgrims. The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Call and Guidance is also providing extensive religious guidance and awareness programs through various means, including a toll-free hotline and visual communication with scholars, all aimed at ensuring pilgrims can perform their rituals easily and with peace of mind. Security forces are also heavily involved, implementing strict measures and utilizing technology to prevent unauthorized entry to the holy sites during Hajj.

    What is the current state of relations between Pakistan and India, as highlighted in the source?

    The relationship between Pakistan and India is currently marked by significant tension. The source details reciprocal actions, such as Pakistan banning the entry of Indian-flagged ships into its ports and India imposing a trade ban, halting postal services, and restricting Pakistani artists and athletes on social media platforms. These measures stem from ongoing disputes, particularly concerning Kashmir, and are further exacerbated by military actions like Pakistan’s test of an Ababeel-style surface-to-surface missile. Despite diplomatic tensions hindering economic ties for decades, cultural connections remain relatively strong.

    What is the economic forum in Riyadh aiming to achieve?

    The first “Economy and Development” forum held in Riyadh, organized by the National Development Fund, aimed to enhance integration between the public and private sectors in Saudi Arabia. The forum provided a platform for exchanging expertise, analysis, and communication channels to support national development in line with Vision 2030. A key objective is to shift the role of the economy’s main driver from the public to the private sector. Discussions highlighted the need for a more developed mechanism for coordination between the two sectors to ensure government decisions benefit the business sector and increase its contribution to the GDP.

    What are the key aspects of the US energy budget discussed in the source?

    The source indicates a potential shift in the US energy budget, suggesting a reduction in funding for renewable energy and increased support for the sustainability of fossil fuels. Specifically, the US energy budget is reported to be canceling $15 billion in carbon capture funding. This is linked to concerns about weak global demand and potential increases in oil supply negatively impacting oil prices. While renewable energy like solar power has seen cost reductions, significant investments are still required for widespread adoption, particularly in energy storage solutions.

    How is the Saudi real estate market being regulated and developed?

    The Saudi real estate sector is undergoing significant regulation and development, moving from being viewed primarily as a static asset for speculation to a dynamic driver of economic growth. The decision to apply financial penalties of up to 100,000 Riyals for housing visitors with visit visas in designated areas is a key regulatory measure. Furthermore, amendments to the white land fee system, increasing the fee up to 10% of the assessed value, aim to discourage land hoarding and encourage development. These measures, along with efforts to attract international developers and streamline regulations, are intended to increase the supply of affordable housing, curb inflationary pressures, and boost investor confidence, aligning with the objectives of Vision 2030.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Al Riyadh Newspaper: Sunday, 4 May 2025: Cultural Events, Artistic Exhibitions, Internatioan Relations

    Al Riyadh Newspaper: Sunday, 4 May 2025: Cultural Events, Artistic Exhibitions, Internatioan Relations

    These texts originate from various sections of a single newspaper issue, covering a diverse range of topics. Several articles address economic and business matters within Saudi Arabia, such as banking performance, real estate market dynamics, and the development of defense industries. Other pieces focus on social and cultural events and initiatives, including a report on preparations for Hajj pilgrims, coverage of a crafts festival, and discussion of artistic exhibitions. Additional content includes political news, detailing international relations and government decisions, as well as sports updates and a look at the challenges facing the media landscape.

    Saudi Research and Innovation Under Vision 2030

    Based on the sources provided, research and innovation are central themes in Saudi Arabia’s national development, particularly under the framework of Vision 2030.

    Here’s what the sources indicate about research and innovation in the Kingdom:

    • Strategic Importance: The Kingdom’s interest in scientific research has a long history, dating back to the establishment of national universities decades ago to enrich knowledge in all fields. This interest has significantly intensified and its objectives have become clearer with the launch of Vision 2030, which explicitly emphasizes enhancing scientific research activity.
    • Institutional Support: The Research, Development and Innovation Authority was established early on and is keen to define its basic priorities and needs in scientific research and innovation. These priorities include health, environment and sustainability, energy and industrial leadership, economics of the future, and innovation. The Authority supports researchers and innovators through programs and initiatives designed to foster an attractive and stimulating innovative environment.
    • Goals and Outcomes: The initiatives supporting research and innovation aim to produce pioneering research and innovations that contribute to finding solutions for local and international challenges. A primary goal is to enhance the value of research and innovation in achieving knowledge-based economic growth. The Authority’s efforts have contributed to elevating the Kingdom’s stature and transforming it into a leading international center for research and innovation.
    • Specific Areas of Focus:Economic Diversification: The comprehensive update of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) methodology includes new economic activities such as financial technology, the creative economy, logistics services, sports, and entertainment, reflecting the focus on diversification and growth.
    • Advanced Technologies: Scientific centers are involved in fields like robotics and artificial intelligence, electronics and communications, information technology, nanotechnology, chemical industries, and medical technology.
    • Defense Industries: There is a strong focus on localizing defense industries, particularly unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), which are considered a key aspect of modern military technology and essential for global security and defense. This localization aligns with Vision 2030’s goal of localizing over 50% of military spending to transform the Kingdom from an importer to a manufacturer and exporter of defense technology. Local factories are increasing production capacity for these aircraft to meet growing domestic demand. Development is underway for advanced local models capable of complex tasks using intelligent capabilities, advanced sensors, navigation technologies, and high communication and control capabilities, forming the basis for an integrated industrial system.
    • STEM Education: Initiatives encourage Saudi scientists, especially young ones, in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields to compete globally. Meetings are organized to help them learn from global experiences and identify potential gaps in their ability to compete. There is an effort to diagnose the “Scientific Eco-System” in Saudi universities and research centers and potentially rebuild the educational system to better produce scientists.
    • Cultural and Creative Arts: Initiatives like “Area of Art” aim to connect artists and the public through deep artistic and cultural experiences, foster critical thinking, and open horizons for new concepts of creation and expression. It includes educational journeys and workshops focused on the process of creating art. Arts are recognized as crucial for preserving cultural identity, history, and expressing the community’s spirit. There is a call to support local artistic and literary schools and create an institutional environment that stimulates creativity.
    • Artificial Intelligence Governance: While acknowledging the efficiency benefits of using AI in government services like logistics and social care, the sources highlight the significant risks related to accountability, bias, and potential injustice if clear rules, strong accountability, and public consent are absent. The importance of adopting a strict governance framework for AI systems is emphasized, treating them as powerful political tools, not just neutral ones. This includes defining purposes, setting ethical boundaries, independent oversight, risk classification, and ensuring that high-impact decisions are not fully automated. The abolition of an AI-based fraud detection system due to privacy and discrimination issues is cited as an example of these risks.
    • Cybersecurity Capabilities: Efforts to raise cybersecurity awareness are part of strategic objectives that include developing national technical and human capabilities for cybersecurity and integrated governance.
    • Role of Vision 2030: Vision 2030 is repeatedly mentioned as the driving force behind these advancements, leading to qualitative leaps across various fields and making the Kingdom a preferred destination for global companies. The Vision is based on advanced thought and a long-term perspective, leveraging the Kingdom’s diverse capabilities, including human capital, as the key factor.
    • Cultural Institutions: Libraries and cultural centers, such as King Fahd National Library and the UNESCO Chair for Translation of Cultures, play a role in preserving heritage, promoting cultural exchange, and serving as platforms for enriching knowledge, innovation, and continuous learning by attracting experts and thought leaders.

    In summary, research and innovation are viewed in the sources as critical drivers for achieving the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals, encompassing economic diversification, technological advancement, national security, cultural preservation, and human capability development, while also acknowledging the need for careful governance, especially regarding emerging technologies like AI.

    Saudi Arabian Economic Growth and Vision 2030

    Based on the sources provided, economic growth is a central and dynamic aspect of Saudi Arabia’s national transformation, significantly driven by Vision 2030.

    Here’s a discussion of economic growth drawing from the sources:

    • Vision 2030 as the Driving Force: Vision 2030 is highlighted as the primary catalyst behind the Kingdom’s economic advancements. It’s described as leading to qualitative leaps across various fields and is based on advanced thought and a long-term perspective that leverages the Kingdom’s diverse capabilities, particularly its human capital. The sources proudly state that the Kingdom achieved several Vision 2030 targets ahead of their scheduled time. This vision aims for progress, prosperity, sustainable development, and an improved quality of life for both citizens and residents.
    • Unprecedented Development and Global Attraction: The sources emphasize that the Kingdom is witnessing unprecedented development on a global scale. This rapid transformation, fueled by Vision 2030, has made Saudi Arabia a preferred destination for global companies. The economy is described as growing significantly and prospering.
    • Economic Diversification: A key aspect of the current economic strategy is diversification away from reliance on oil. The sources point to the comprehensive update of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) methodology as a reflection of this focus. This update includes new economic activities that were not previously fully captured, such as financial technology, the creative economy, logistics services, sports, and entertainment. This inclusion helps re-evaluate the size of the GDP with higher accuracy and reflects the momentum of diversification and growth the economy is witnessing. These efforts have opened horizons for many new economic fields.
    • Sectoral Performance and Opportunities:Banking: The Saudi banking sector has shown strong performance, achieving their highest historical profits. These profits saw significant growth rates, with overall listed banks growing by 19.4%, Al Rajhi by 20%, Al Ahli by 34%, and Riyad Bank by 19%. This growth is primarily attributed to a large increase in the volume of financing. However, the sources also note challenges, including a sharp shortage in liquidity despite rising money supply, and a widening gap between financing and deposits, requiring banks to issue debt instruments and rely on foreign liabilities to cover the difference.
    • Consulting Services: The global market for consulting services is described as very profitable. The Middle East is highlighted as a leading and targeted market in recent years. The local Saudi market share is projected to reach around $5 billion by 2025, with expectations for further increase due to structural transformations, continuous growth, and projects associated with Vision 2030.
    • Real Estate: The real estate market has experienced sharp fluctuations, indicating an imbalance between supply and demand. The average price of real estate has significantly increased from around 916k SAR in 2019 to approximately 1.7 million SAR by mid-2024. Specific sector growth rates are provided: residential 3.6%, commercial 6.1%, and agricultural 1.4% according to the general index. Issues like land speculation and delayed development are noted as factors contributing to price hikes and reduced affordability in certain areas. Recent adjustments to the white land tax are seen as an opportunity to break speculation and encourage development or sale.
    • Creative Economy & Arts: Initiatives like “Area of Art” aim to foster creativity and expression. The sources emphasize the importance of supporting local artistic and literary schools and creating an institutional environment that stimulates creativity. The activity in the creative sector is seen as distinct and rooted in authentic Saudi patterns, deserving attention and support.
    • Other New Sectors: The inclusion of sectors like financial technology, logistics services, sports, and entertainment in GDP calculations reflects their growing importance and contribution to the economy.
    • Local Productive Families: Participation of local productive families in events like the handicraft festival enhances their role in economic development by providing opportunities to display and market their products.
    • Knowledge-Based Economy: Efforts in scientific research and innovation are explicitly linked to achieving knowledge-based economic growth. Investing in STEM education and fostering an environment for research and innovation are part of building this type of economy.
    • External Economic Headwinds: The sources touch upon negative external factors influencing global markets, which indirectly affect the Saudi economy. These include fears of slowing economic activity in the United States, trade wars between major global economies like the US and China, and their impact on oil demand and prices. The volatility caused by US trade policies is also noted.
    • Overall Positive Outlook: Despite global challenges, the prevailing sentiment in the sources is one of optimism and achievement. The economy is described as prosperous and offering opportunities for everyone. The growth of small and medium companies is highlighted.

    In summary, the sources present a picture of robust economic growth in Saudi Arabia, propelled by the ambitious Vision 2030. This growth is characterized by significant diversification into new sectors, strong performance in key areas like banking, and the successful achievement of strategic national goals, positioning the Kingdom as a major player on the global economic stage, while navigating the complexities of the international economic environment.

    Kingdom Housing Market Dynamics 2019-2024

    Based on the sources, here is information regarding the housing market:

    The real estate market in the Kingdom has experienced sharp fluctuations over the past years, leading to an imbalance between supply and demand. From the middle of 2019 until the middle of 2024, the average price of real estate saw a significant jump, rising from around 916 thousand Riyals to approximately 1.7 million Riyals.

    Statistics indicate price increases across various sectors in the fourth quarter of the past year (2024). The residential sector recorded a 3.1% increase, the commercial sector saw a 5.2% increase, and the agricultural sector increased by 1.0%, according to the general index from the General Authority for Statistics. However, the annual figure for the residential sector in 2024 was lower (2.3%) compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in the agricultural sector is attributed to agricultural land prices.

    Areas like the Qatif governorate are presented as a typical example of astronomical price levels for land plots. This region suffers from the monopoly of large land plots, which has contributed to raising prices and reducing the ability of citizens to own housing within their governorate. Some neighborhoods in these areas have not seen significant urban development for years, despite growing demand.

    To address this, recent adjustments were made to the white land fees, increasing them to 10% annually. An Eastern Province real estate expert confirmed this represents a significant development aimed at stimulating urban development and limiting monopoly. This increase in the cost of holding undeveloped land is expected to encourage many owners to accelerate decisions regarding development or sale.

    Kingdom’s Security and Citizen Well-being

    Based on the sources provided:

    The sources highlight a significant focus on security and the well-being of citizens, residents, and visitors in all regions of the Kingdom, a priority emphasized by the leadership, including the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

    The Ministry of Interior and its security sectors play a crucial role in maintaining the security and safety of the homeland. The Minister of Interior is involved in overseeing efforts across different regions, such as visiting the Qassim region to implement leadership directives regarding security and citizen welfare. The Governor of Qassim region also praised the significant role of the Ministry and security sectors in maintaining security and safety. The contributions of security personnel, including retirees, in maintaining the security and safety of the homeland, citizens, and residents are also valued.

    Specific security operations and projects mentioned include:

    • In Qassim, several security projects were inaugurated, including the Public Security Training City. This city contains educational and training facilities equipped with modern technologies aimed at enhancing the capabilities of security personnel and providing security services.
    • Inauguration of administrative buildings for the Traffic Department, such as the one in Qassim Region’s Buraidah and branches in other governorates.
    • Laying the foundation stone for the headquarters of the Special Forces for Environmental Security in Qassim, which are intended to enable the enforcement of environmental systems and protect the environment.
    • Efforts to combat narcotics and track down smugglers and dealers are actively pursued in all regions of the Kingdom. These efforts include proactive strikes and addressing trafficking networks.
    • The Directorate General of Passports issues administrative decisions regarding violations of residency and labor regulations. The sources urge cooperation and reporting of such violations, as well as border security violations. Specific numbers for reporting are provided: 911 in Makkah, Riyadh, and the Eastern Province regions, and 999 (and potentially 996, as mentioned in one source) in the rest of the Kingdom.
    • The National Cybersecurity Authority is working to raise the level of cybersecurity awareness through guides and instructions. These cover topics such as securing social media accounts, installing updates, and cybersecurity awareness in general. A specific guide on parental controls for cybersecurity aims to filter inappropriate content, set usage limits, monitor child activities, and discuss risks with children. These awareness efforts align with strategic objectives like integrated national cybersecurity governance, protecting cyberspace, managing cybersecurity effectively, defending against cyber threats, and building national capabilities.

    Overall, the country is described as a place of safety and security (أمن وأمان), and the blessing of security and stability is acknowledged.

    Saudi Arabia in International Relations

    Based on the sources and our conversation history, here is a discussion on International Relations as reflected in the provided material:

    The sources indicate a significant focus on Saudi Arabia’s role and interactions on the international stage, spanning political, regional, economic, cultural, and security domains.

    • Political and Regional Leadership: The Kingdom’s leadership, including the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, emphasizes maintaining security and the well-being of citizens, residents, and visitors . Saudi Arabia is highlighted for its political position and its role as a leader in the Arab and Islamic worlds. Its capacity to unite viewpoints and bring parties together underscores its political weight and esteemed status.
    • Joint Arab Action: There is a strong commitment to supporting joint Arab action and unifying visions and positions among Arab nations. The work of the Arab Parliament is considered a basic pillar in enhancing Arab cooperation and unifying efforts. This regional cooperation contributes to peace and stability in the region and the world.
    • Humanitarian Issues and Conflicts: The sources touch upon the situation in Gaza and Jenin, detailing actions by the Israeli occupation forces. They mention reports of US President Donald Trump pressuring the Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu to allow aid into Gaza. Discussions between Israeli and US officials resulted in a new mechanism for distributing aid in Gaza, supported by the Trump administration, with stipulations to prevent its diversion by groups like Hamas and Islamic Jihad. This reflects the Kingdom’s engagement with significant regional conflicts and humanitarian concerns, often involving interactions with international actors.
    • Economic International Relations: The sources discuss global economic dynamics, including the US dollar, oil prices, and international trade tensions, specifically mentioning President Trump’s policies, tariffs, and trade relations with China and Japan. These policies are noted to affect global economic forecasts and oil demand. The success of Saudi Vision 2030 is presented as attracting international attention and investment, making the Kingdom a preferred destination for international companies. Hosting international economic conferences is also a way the Kingdom attracts global attention.
    • Cultural and Educational Diplomacy: Saudi Arabia actively participates in international cultural events, such as the UNESCO Chair for Translation of Cultures participating in the Abu Dhabi International Book Fair. This participation aims to showcase and promote the translation of cultures and languages, including topics like AI and cultural heritage. The sources emphasize the importance of cultural diplomacy and the need for Saudi cultural output to have both local and international impact. Initiatives like “Study in Saudi Arabia” invite international students from various countries to study in the Kingdom, promoting educational exchange. Cultural festivals also involve participation from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, fostering regional cultural ties. Saudi media is described as reaching global capitals and conveying the Kingdom’s image to the world.
    • Security Cooperation and Global Challenges: While much of the security discussion focuses on national efforts [sources from previous turn], a workshop on cybercrimes and financial fraud at the Arab Parliament meeting indicates regional security cooperation. The National Cybersecurity Authority’s strategic objectives include integrated national cybersecurity governance and defending against cyber threats, areas inherently linked to international collaboration and challenges. Discussion around AI governance mentions international regulations (EU AI Act, Canadian approach) and challenges like bias and accountability in automated decision-making, referencing examples from other countries (US, Netherlands). A media-related issue involving a prank show about the COVID-19 vaccine drew a response from the World Health Organization (WHO), illustrating interactions with international health bodies.
    • International Sports: Saudi football clubs participate in Asian elite club tournaments, competing against teams from countries like Japan and Iraq. This represents a form of international interaction and competition in the sports arena.

    Overall, the sources depict Saudi Arabia as an active participant in international affairs, leveraging its political standing, engaging in regional cooperation, contributing to global economic discussions, promoting its culture and education internationally, addressing security challenges, and navigating complex geopolitical situations.

    Al-Riyadh Newspaper – May 4, 2025 – Study Guide

    This study guide is designed to help you review and understand the key topics and information presented in the provided excerpts from the Al-Riyadh newspaper, issue 20757, dated May 4, 2025.

    Quiz (Short Answer – 2-3 sentences)

    1. What does the comprehensive update to the GDP reflect about the Saudi economy?
    2. According to the Minister of Economy and Planning, what is the primary goal of the comprehensive GDP update?
    3. What role does the non-oil economy play according to the updated economic data?
    4. Which Saudi football club won the Asian Elite Club Cup according to the sports news?
    5. What was the score of the final match in the Asian Elite Club Cup?
    6. What was the key focus of the weekly meeting chaired by the Mayor of the Eastern Province?
    7. What was the highest number of violation registrations recorded by the municipalities in the Eastern Province during April 2025?
    8. What is the primary purpose of raising the fee on undeveloped white lands to 10% annually?
    9. According to the source, what is the main driver of the USD/JPY exchange rate trend?
    10. What does the government media office claim Israel has committed against journalists and media institutions in Gaza?

    Essay Questions (No Answers Provided)

    1. Analyze the relationship between Saudi Vision 2030 and the developments discussed in the articles related to the economy, research, cultural initiatives, and urban development.
    2. Discuss the economic implications of the increase in the fee on undeveloped white lands as outlined in the article, considering both the stated goals and potential unintended consequences.
    3. Compare and contrast the reported situations in Gaza and Jenin, highlighting the key challenges and humanitarian concerns presented in the articles.
    4. Evaluate the significance of the Asian Elite Club Cup victory for the Al-Ahli football club and its broader impact on Saudi Arabian football, based on the provided sports articles.
    5. Examine the concerns raised about consulting firms and media practices in the articles, analyzing the ethical issues and potential consequences highlighted by the authors.

    Glossary of Key Terms

    • الناتج المحلي (Al-Natig Al-Mahalli): Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
    • رؤية المملكة 2030 (Ru’yat Al-Mamlakah 2030): Saudi Vision 2030, the strategic framework to reduce Saudi Arabia’s reliance on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors.
    • الاقتصاد غير النفطي (Al-Iqtisad Ghair Al-Nafti): Non-oil economy.
    • الهيئة العامة للإحصاء (Al-Hay’ah Al-‘Ammah Lil’ihsa’): General Authority for Statistics.
    • بطولة نخبة أندية آسيا (Butulat Nukhbat Andiyat Asia): Asian Elite Club Cup (a football competition).
    • التشوه البصري (Al-Tashawwuh Al-Basari): Visual distortion (often refers to urban blight or aesthetic issues).
    • الأراضي البيضاء (Al-Aradi Al-Bayda’): White lands (undeveloped lands, often within urban areas).
    • المشهد الحضري (Al-Mashhad Al-Hadari): Urban landscape or scene.
    • منح دولية (Munah Dawliyyah): International scholarships or grants.
    • ادرس في السعودية (Udrus Fi Al-Saudiyah): “Study in Saudi Arabia” (likely a program or platform).
    • مناسك الحج (Manasik Al-Hajj): The rituals of Hajj (the annual Islamic pilgrimage).
    • المديرية العامة للجوازات (Al-Mudīrīyah Al-‘Āmmah Lil Jawāzāt): Directorate General of Passports.
    • مخالفي أنظمة الإقامة والعمل وأمن الحدود (Mukhālifī Anẓimat Al-Iqāmah Wal-‘Amal Wa Amn Al-Ḥudūd): Violators of residency, labor, and border security regulations.
    • القطاع غير النفطي (Al-Qiṭā’ Ghair Al-Naftī): Non-oil sector.
    • أسعار النفط الخام (As’ār Al-Naft Al-Khām): Crude oil prices.
    • برنت (Brent): Brent crude oil (a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil).
    • خام غرب تكساس الوسيط (Khām Gharb Tiksās Al-Wasīṭ): West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil (another major trading classification).
    • أوبك + (OPEC+): The group of oil-producing countries that includes OPEC members and other major oil exporters like Russia.
    • الرسوم الجمركية (Al-Rusūm Al-Jumrukiyyah): Customs duties or tariffs.
    • الناتج المحلي الإجمالي (Al-Natig Al-Mahalli Al-Ijmaali): Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
    • مؤشر مديري المشتريات (Mu’ashir Mudirī Al-Mushtarayāt): Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI).
    • سوق العمل (Sūq Al-‘Amal): Labor market.
    • أسعار الفائدة (As’ār Al-Fā’idah): Interest rates.
    • الاحتياطي الفيدرالي (Al-Iḥtiyāṭī Al-Fīdīrālī): The Federal Reserve (the central banking system of the United States).
    • سندات الخزانة (Sanadāt Al-Khazānah): Treasury bonds.
    • شركات الاستشارات (Sharikat Al-Istishārāt): Consulting firms.
    • التوطين (Al-Tawṭīn): Localization (often refers to increasing the participation of nationals in the workforce).
    • الاستثمار (Al-Istithmār): Investment.
    • الصناعات الدفاعية (Al-Ṣinā’āt Al-Difā’iyyah): Defense industries.
    • التقنيات المتقدمة (Al-Taqniyyāt Al-Mutaqaddimah): Advanced technologies.
    • التضخم (Al-Taḍakhkhum): Inflation.
    • قطاع غزة (Qiṭā’ Ghazzah): Gaza Strip.
    • سوء التغذية (Sū’ Al-Taghdhiyah): Malnutrition.
    • الأمن الغذائي (Al-Amn Al-Ghidhā’ī): Food security.
    • المكتب الإعلامي الحكومي (Al-Maktab Al-I’lāmī Al-Ḥukūmī): Government Media Office.
    • الاحتلال الإسرائيلي (Al-Iḥtilāl Al-Isrā’īlī): Israeli Occupation.
    • إبادة إعلامية (Ibādat I’lāmiyyah): Media genocide (a term used in the text).
    • يوم الصحفي العالمي لحرية الصحافة (Yawm Al-Ṣuḥufī Al-‘Ālamī Liḥurriyat Al-Ṣiḥāfah): World Press Freedom Day.
    • مخيم جنين (Mukhayyam Jenin): Jenin refugee camp.
    • نزوح قسري (Nuzūḥ Qasrī): Forced displacement.
    • التجريف (Al-Tajrīf): Bulldozing or clearing.
    • التشوهات السعرية (Al-Tashawwuhat Al-Si’riyyah): Price distortions.
    • الاحتكار (Al-Iḥtikār): Monopoly or احتکار (hoarding of land in this context).
    • النطاق العمراني (Al-Niṭāq Al-‘Umrānī): Urban sprawl or development boundary.
    • التنمية العمرانية (Al-Tanmiyah Al-‘Umrāniyyah): Urban development.
    • الملتقى الثقافي (Al-Multaqá Al-Thaqāfī): Cultural forum or gathering.
    • الهوية الوطنية (Al-Hawiyyah Al-Waṭaniyyah): National identity.
    • قيم المواطنة (Qiyam Al-Muwaṭanah): Values of citizenship.
    • الأمسية الثقافية (Al-Umsīyah Al-Thaqāfiyyah): Cultural evening.
    • ديوانية القلم الذهبي (Dīwānīyat Al-Qalam Al-Dhahabī): Golden Pen Diwaniya (likely a literary or cultural group/event).
    • التحول الوطني (Al-Taḥawwul Al-Waṭanī): National Transformation.
    • جائزة اليونسكو/الفوزان (Jā’izat Al-Yūnisku / Al-Fawzān): The UNESCO/Al-Fozan Prize (likely a specific award).
    • المناخ العلمي (Al-Munākh Al-‘Ilmī): Scientific climate or environment.
    • كود الطرق السعودي (Kūd Al-Ṭuruq Al-Sa’ūdī): Saudi Road Code.
    • الدورانات الآمنة (Al-Dawrānāt Al-Āminah): Safe roundabouts or turns.
    • الكائنات الفطرية (Al-Kā’ināt Al-Fiṭriyyah): Wild organisms or wildlife.
    • إعادة التوطين (I’ādat Al-Tawṭīn): Reintroduction or resettlement (of wildlife in this context).
    • المنتزهات الوطنية (Al-Muntazahāt Al-Waṭaniyyah): National parks.
    • المبادرة السعودية الخضراء (Al-Mubādarat Al-Sa’ūdīyah Al-Khadrā’): Saudi Green Initiative.
    • النزاع التجاري (Al-Nizā’ Al-Tijārī): Trade dispute.
    • الأوامر التنفيذية (Al-Awāmir Al-Tanfīdhīyah): Executive orders.
    • الشغب (Al-Shaghab): Riots or unrest.
    • البرامج الحكومية الرئيسية (Al-Barāmij Al-Ḥukūmiyyah Al-Ra’īsīyah): Main government programs.
    • الضمان الاجتماعي (Al-Ḍamān Al-Ijtimā’ī): Social Security.
    • الرعاية الطبية (Al-Ri’āyah Al-Ṭibbīyah): Medical care.
    • الانفاق الفيدرالي (Al-Infāq Al-Fīdīrālī): Federal spending.
    • الإكراميات (Al-Ikrāmiyyāt): Tips or gratuities.
    • المؤسسات الإعلامية (Al-Mu’assasāt Al-I’lāmiyyah): Media institutions.
    • الضغوط البيعية (Al-Ḍughūṭ Al-Bay’īyah): Selling pressure.
    • التباين (Al-Tabāyun): Discrepancy or divergence.
    • السياسة النقدية (Al-Siyāsah Al-Naqdīyah): Monetary policy.
    • بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي الأمريكي (Bank Al-Iḥtiyāṭī Al-Fīdīrālī Al-Amrīkī): The US Federal Reserve Bank.
    • بنك اليابان (Bank Al-Yābān): Bank of Japan.
    • التحولات الهيكلية (Al-Taḥawwulāt Al-Haykalīyah): Structural transformations.
    • السيولة (Al-Siyūlah): Liquidity.
    • أدوات الدين (Adawāt Al-Dayn): Debt instruments.
    • محافظ التمويل (Maḥāfiẓ Al-Tamwīl): Financing portfolios.
    • المطلوبات الأجنبية (Al-Maṭlūbāt Al-Ajnabiyyah): Foreign liabilities.
    • الأصول الأجنبية (Al-Uṣūl Al-Ajnabiyyah): Foreign assets.

    Quiz Answer Key

    1. The comprehensive update to the GDP reflects the diversity of the Saudi economy.
    2. The primary goal of the comprehensive GDP update is to enhance the quality of economic data and strengthen transparency in measuring the performance of the national economy.
    3. According to the updated economic data, the non-oil economy is showing a greater role in the overall economy.
    4. The Al-Ahli football club won the Asian Elite Club Cup.
    5. The final match in the Asian Elite Club Cup ended with Al-Ahli winning 2-0.
    6. The weekly meeting chaired by the Mayor of the Eastern Province focused on intensifying efforts in priority areas to raise digital coverage and implementing field plans to improve the urban landscape.
    7. The highest number of violation registrations recorded by the municipalities in the Eastern Province during April 2025 was 7,950 observations.
    8. The primary purpose of raising the fee on undeveloped white lands to 10% annually is to stimulate urban development and limit land hoarding.
    9. According to the source, the main driver of the USD/JPY exchange rate trend is the divergence in monetary policy between the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan.
    10. The government media office claims Israel has committed “systematic media genocide” against journalists and media institutions in Gaza.

    Briefing Document: Review of Source Material (Issue 20757, May 4, 2025)

    Executive Summary:

    This briefing document summarizes the key themes and significant information presented in the provided excerpts from the Al Riyadh newspaper issue 20757. The sources cover a range of topics including the Saudi economy and Vision 2030, sports news (specifically football and Paralympics), municipal efforts to improve urban landscapes, Hajj preparations and related regulations, the banking sector and financial markets, the global oil market, the consulting industry, the situation in Gaza and other parts of Palestine, cultural initiatives, the effectiveness of US presidential executive orders (specifically in relation to Donald Trump), media trends (including reality and prank shows), cyber awareness, and a personal account of an archery journey.

    Key Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

    1. Saudi Economy and Vision 2030:
    • Comprehensive GDP Update: A strategic step reflecting Saudi Arabia’s commitment to improving economic data quality and enhancing transparency in measuring national economic performance.
    • Non-Oil Sector Growth: Updated results show a larger role for the non-oil economy, aligning with Vision 2030’s goal of building a more diversified and sustainable economy.
    • Positive Economic Outlook: Economic forecasts remain positive, supported by qualitative structural reforms and projects across various state sectors, which are expected to boost non-oil GDP growth and reinforce Saudi Arabia’s position as a regional and international economic hub.
    • Research and Scientific Advancement: Emphasis on scientific research has intensified with the launch of Vision 2030, aiming to enrich knowledge and achieve national aspirations through innovative and creative generations.
    • “Year of Craft 2025”: The Ministry of Culture’s initiative to designate 2025 as the “Year of Craft” underscores the national focus on developing manual crafts and their connection to cultural and tourism development within Vision 2030.
    1. Sports Achievements and Events:
    • Al Ahli Wins AFC Champions League Elite: Al Ahli football club secured the AFC Champions League Elite title by defeating Kawasaki Frontale (Japan) 2-0. This is the club’s first time winning this iteration of the tournament and makes them the third Saudi club to lift an Asian continental title.
    • Quote: “Al Ahli won the title of the AFC Champions League Elite after defeating Kawasaki Frontale of Japan 2-0 in the final match…”
    • Player and Goalkeeper Awards: Al Ahli’s Roberto Firmino was named best player, and Edouard Mendy was named best goalkeeper of the tournament.
    • Saudi Arabia to Host AFC U-17 Asian Cup: Saudi Arabia has been granted the right to host the AFC U-17 Asian Cup for the next three editions (2026, 2027, and 2028).
    • Paralympics Super Goalball Championship: The Saudi Federation for Visual Impairment Sports concluded its 2024-2025 season with the Super Goalball Championship, where Al Riyadh club won first place. The Federation highlights the success of the season due to the support of clubs, players, and coaches.
    1. Municipal Development and Urban Improvement:
    • Improving the Urban Landscape in the Eastern Province: The Secretary of the Eastern Province emphasized the need to intensify efforts in priority areas to increase digital coverage to 100% and implement field plans to improve the urban landscape.
    • Addressing Visual Distortion: Efforts to address visual distortions included recording over 7,950 observations and treating the most prominent elements of distortion.
    • Monitoring White Lands Development: Follow-up on the development of targeted white lands for 2025 is being conducted regularly.
    • Issuance of Excavation Permits: 983 excavation permits were issued in April across various municipalities.
    • Increased Oversight: 2,194 regulatory visits were conducted, and the role of the “monitoring consultant” (requiring qualified engineering offices for supervision of excavation works) was highlighted.
    1. Hajj Preparations and Regulations:
    • Arrival of First Batch of Bangladeshi Pilgrims: The first group of pilgrims from Bangladesh arrived in Saudi Arabia for Hajj, receiving a warm welcome with roses, Zamzam water, and gifts. Saudi authorities are providing maximum comfort and ease for pilgrims.
    • Regulations for Hajj: The General Directorate of Passports issued orders against 14,829 citizens who violated residency, labor, and border security regulations during the month of Shawwal 1446 AH (April/May 2025).
    • Penalties for Violations: Penalties vary between imprisonment, financial fines, and deportation. Individuals and institutions are warned against transporting, employing, sheltering, or assisting violators.
    • Penalties for Transporting Violators to Holy Sites: Transporting violators of residency, labor, and border security regulations to Mecca, the Holy Sites, and the surrounding areas can result in a fine of up to 100,000 Saudi Riyals per violator, deportation, and a ban from entering the Kingdom for 10 years. Vehicles used for illegal transport may also be confiscated.
    • Reporting Violations: The Ministry of Interior urges adherence to Hajj regulations and encourages reporting violations via emergency numbers (911 in Mecca, Riyadh, and the Eastern Province, and 999 in other regions).
    1. Banking Sector and Financial Markets:
    • Saudi Banks’ Q1 2025 Results: Saudi banks achieved significant growth in net profits in the first quarter of 2025, with total profits exceeding 22 billion Riyals, marking a 19.4% growth and the highest historical level.
    • Drivers of Profit Growth: The large increase in financing volume is the primary reason for the significant profit growth.
    • Funding Gaps: Banks have experienced gaps between financing and deposits, leading them to issue debt instruments (Sukuk) and increase borrowings from other banks and financial institutions to cover these gaps.
    • Increased Borrowing Costs: Banks are incurring higher costs to secure liquidity, which has negatively impacted net commission income.
    • Liquidity Shortage Despite Money Supply Increase: Despite a historic increase in the money supply (over 3 trillion Riyals), there is a severe liquidity shortage in the banking sector. The gap between financing and deposits is widening.
    • Impact of Foreign Liabilities: Foreign liabilities on Saudi banks have significantly increased, leading to a net foreign asset deficit for the first time. This suggests a need for the central bank to intervene.
    1. Global Oil Market:
    • Significant Weekly Losses: Oil prices recorded their biggest weekly losses since the end of March, with Brent crude falling over 8% and WTI crude losing around 7.7%.
    • Factors Affecting Prices: The losses are attributed to a combination of declining demand, expanding supply (outside of OPEC+), weak economic data from China and the US, and concerns about slowing demand.
    • Impact of US-China Trade War: Concerns about an economic slowdown caused by the US-China trade war have reduced oil demand growth forecasts.
    • Investor Caution: Traders remain cautious due to the potential for de-escalation in the US-China trade dispute, although indicators are still preliminary.
    • Impact of US Jobs Data: Friday’s oil price decline was contained by rising stock markets, which were boosted by stronger-than-expected US jobs data.
    • Divergent Strategies Among Oil Majors: Major oil companies like Exxon Mobil maintained production rates, while Chevron and BP plan to reduce share buyback operations in the second quarter, indicating different strategies related to market cycles.
    1. Consulting Industry:
    • Criticism of the Consulting Sector: The article highlights the growing criticism and scrutiny faced by consulting firms, despite their crucial role in guiding clients, enhancing performance, and transferring knowledge.
    • Issues of Failed and “Cooked” Consultations: Concerns are raised about failed or fabricated consultations, lack of professionalism, recurring scandals, and legal issues related to corruption, fraud, data manipulation, and fabricated reports.
    • Loss of Trust: The prevalence of these issues raises questions about the value and reality of these firms’ recommendations, even those ranked among the best globally.
    • Consequences of Misconduct: Some firms have faced lawsuits, legal or regulatory violations, criminal charges, contract terminations, and financial penalties. The Public Investment Fund (PIF) has banned dealing with PwC without stating reasons, and the US Department of Defense recently terminated consulting contracts as part of cost-cutting measures.
    • Quote: “…found a number of failed or ‘cooked’ consultations, to use the expression, and a number of consultants who are not skilled in the consulting profession, or the operations of these consulting companies…”
    1. Situation in Gaza and Palestine:
    • Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza: A severe humanitarian crisis is ongoing in Gaza, with increasing cases of malnutrition, especially among children.
    • Lack of Food and Aid: No food, infant formula, or nutritional supplements have entered Gaza for the past two months due to the complete blockade.
    • Economic Collapse and Displacement in Jenin: The city and camp of Jenin are experiencing a deteriorating economic situation due to the aggression, leading to significant losses for businesses, reduced shopping activity, and the destruction of infrastructure. Thousands remain forcibly displaced.
    • Targeting of Journalists and Media Institutions: The Israeli occupation is accused of committing a “systematic media genocide” against journalists and media institutions in Gaza.
    • High Death Toll of Journalists: Since the start of the aggression, 212 journalists have been killed and 409 injured, some with permanent disabilities.
    • Quote: “The Governmental Media Office said that the ‘Israeli’ occupation committed a ‘systematic media genocide’ against journalists and media institutions since the start of its aggression on the Gaza Strip 19 months ago.”
    1. Cultural and Intellectual Initiatives:
    • “Talks at the Library” Initiative: King Fahd National Library has resumed its “Talks at the Library” initiative, promoting communication and cultural exchange.
    • Discussion on the Library of Alexandria: A session featured Dr. Mustafa El Feki, former head of the Library of Alexandria, discussing the library’s role in cultural revitalization and its global impact. He asserted that Arabs were innocent of burning the ancient Library of Alexandria.
    • Culture and National Identity: Dr. Abdulrahman Al-Farih emphasized the role of institutions in reinforcing national identity and promoting citizenship values, aligning with Vision 2030’s goals of a vibrant society, prosperous economy, and ambitious nation.
    • “Schools of Art and Literature” Gathering: An event brought together intellectuals, writers, and artists to discuss the development of the creative movement in Saudi Arabia and its alignment with Vision 2030.
    1. US Politics and Donald Trump:
    • Trump’s Use of Executive Orders: The article highlights Donald Trump’s prolific use of executive orders early in his presidency, exceeding the number issued by previous presidents in comparable periods. This was seen as a way to fulfill campaign promises despite congressional inaction.
    • Pardons for January 6th Rioters: One of Trump’s early actions was granting pardons to individuals charged in connection with the January 6th Capitol attack.
    • Withdrawal from Paris Climate Agreement: Trump’s administration withdrew the US from the Paris Climate Agreement, reversing a previous decision to rejoin.
    • Proposed Tax Cuts and Challenges: The article mentions congressional efforts to make temporary tax cuts permanent and Trump’s campaign promise to eliminate federal income taxes on tips, noting the significant cost and the requirement for congressional legislation.
    • Economic Impact of Trade Policies: Trump’s trade policies and tariffs are seen as having unsettled business and consumer confidence and negatively impacting his economic popularity.
    • Uncertain Future Policies: Trump’s future policies are seen as potentially conflicting, balancing the desires of pro-business supporters for less government intervention and free trade with the demands of working-class supporters who hoped tariffs would bring back manufacturing jobs.
    1. Media Trends and Social Commentary:
    • Shift in Media Focus: The article criticizes the current media landscape, where trivial and sensational content (like “man dancing with a cat” videos) garners millions of views, while educational and quality content is ignored.
    • Quote: “We are in a time when people spend hours watching someone explain ‘how to drink water creatively,’ while ignoring books, educational content, and anything that might raise awareness.”
    • Impact of Clickbait and Celebrities: News selection is driven by clickability rather than value, with sensational headlines and celebrity gossip dominating media coverage, while important issues are marginalized.
    • Problematic Prank and Reality Shows: A significant portion of the article focuses on the rise of exploitative and potentially dangerous prank and reality shows in the Arab world.
    • Lack of Ethical Standards: These programs are criticized for their high budgets and viewership despite lacking ethical standards, often relying on pranking unsuspecting individuals or even using celebrities in potentially harmful situations. Examples of problematic shows are cited, including one that used a fake Angelina Jolie and a potentially dangerous portrayal of a COVID-19 vaccine.
    • Psychological Impact: The article references Sigmund Freud’s ideas on aggression, suggesting that such shows provide a way for audiences to release aggression, but in a harmful and potentially destructive manner. The tragic case of Mona Lisa Perez, who killed her boyfriend in a stunt for a YouTube video, is used as an example of the dangerous consequences.
    1. Cyber Awareness:
    • Importance of Cyber Awareness: The article briefly mentions the importance of cyber awareness.
    1. Personal Account of an Archery Journey:
    • Overcoming Initial Hesitation: A personal narrative describes the author’s initial reluctance to take up archery at age 10, viewing it as a “bad idea.”
    • Parental Encouragement: The author’s parents’ persistent encouragement played a key role in them trying the sport.
    • Early Success and Recognition: The author achieved early success in archery, winning a significant match and later the Riyadh Grand Championship, leading to recognition as a top archer under 18 in Saudi Arabia.
    • Joining Al Hilal Club: Good performance led to the author signing a professional contract with Al Hilal club, one of the most popular and important clubs in Saudi Arabia.
    1. Real Madrid and Carlo Ancelotti’s Future:
    • Ancelotti’s Future Announcement: Real Madrid coach Carlo Ancelotti announced he would reveal his future with the club on May 25th.
    • Rumors of Departure: There is speculation about Ancelotti’s departure following Real Madrid’s loss of the La Liga title and elimination from the Champions League.
    • Links to Brazilian National Team: Spanish media reports suggest Ancelotti has agreed to coach the Brazilian national team after his contract with Real Madrid expires.
    • Ancelotti’s Ambiguous Statement: Ancelotti made an ambiguous statement about his future, suggesting his last day could be May 25, 2025, or potentially much later.
    1. Al Hilal’s Season Performance and Coaching Speculation:
    • Disappointing Season: The article characterizes Al Hilal’s season as “catastrophic” and “bad.”
    • Elimination from Key Competitions: Al Hilal was eliminated from the AFC Champions League Elite semi-finals by Al Ahli and the King’s Cup quarter-finals. Their chances of winning the Roshn League are also considered difficult.
    • Speculation about Managerial Change: Due to the disappointing results, there is speculation that Al Hilal may replace their current manager, Jorge Jesus.
    • Xavi Hernandez as Potential Candidate: Reports suggest that Xavi Hernandez, the former Barcelona player and manager, is a candidate to take over as Al Hilal’s coach. His previous success with Barcelona and Al Sadd (Qatar) are cited as reasons for his potential suitability.
    • Criticism of Planning: The article suggests Al Hilal’s poor performance is due to “bad planning for the season before it started.”

    Additional Notes:

    • The newspaper issue date is clearly indicated as Sunday, May 4, 2025.
    • Multiple articles touch upon the impact and objectives of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, highlighting its pervasive influence across various sectors.
    • Several articles contain reporting based on official statements and data from government ministries and entities (Ministry of Economy and Planning, General Authority for Statistics, General Directorate of Passports, Ministry of Interior, National Center for Wildlife Development, etc.).
    • The article on media trends reflects a broader concern about the quality and ethical implications of popular media content.
    • The sports section provides detailed accounts of recent football matches and tournament outcomes.

    This briefing document provides a comprehensive overview of the major topics and significant information presented in the provided source material.

    Kingdom Updates and Regional Concerns

    • What is the significance of the recent comprehensive update to Saudi Arabia’s GDP calculation? The comprehensive update to the calculation of Saudi Arabia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), issued by the General Authority for Statistics, is a strategic step reflecting the Kingdom’s commitment to improving the quality of its economic data and enhancing transparency in measuring national economic performance. This update aligns with best international statistical practices and aims to improve the accuracy of measuring the size and components of the Saudi economy, bolstering the ability of policymakers to make informed decisions. It also highlights the increasing role of the non-oil economy, signaling the Kingdom’s shift towards diversification and openness, in line with Saudi Vision 2030’s goal of building a more diversified and sustainable economy. Economic forecasts for the Kingdom remain positive, supported by structural reforms and development projects, which are expected to boost non-oil GDP growth and solidify Saudi Arabia’s position as a regional and international economic hub.
    • How is Saudi Arabia fostering scientific research and innovation, and what role does Vision 2030 play? Saudi Arabia has long prioritized scientific research, with universities initiating efforts in this field decades ago to enrich knowledge across various domains. This focus has intensified significantly with the launch of Vision 2030, which explicitly aims to enhance scientific research activity and achieve the aspiration of having a generation of inventors and innovators who contribute to their nation’s progress through their discoveries and export base. This commitment to research and innovation is viewed as crucial for national development and aligns with the broader goals of technological advancement and economic diversification outlined in Vision 2030.
    • What are the key challenges facing the Saudi banking sector despite recent profit growth? Despite achieving high profit growth in the first quarter of 2025, largely driven by a significant increase in financing volume, Saudi banks are facing a severe liquidity shortage. This is evidenced by the widening gap between financing and deposits. To cover this gap, banks have resorted to issuing debt instruments and increasing their liabilities to financial institutions and other banks. While loan-to-deposit ratios still fall within the acceptable limits set by the Saudi Central Bank due to specific calculation methodologies that include long-term debt, the figures indicate a clear need for banks to rely heavily on external funding sources and agreements to meet the growing demand for financing. This situation also leads to increased interest costs and affects the net income from commissions, suggesting that the trend of lower commission income and increased expenses may continue.
    • What is the current situation regarding commercial relations between the United States and China, and how has it impacted global markets, particularly oil and currencies? Commercial tensions between the United States and China continue to create uncertainty in global markets. While there has been some recent optimism regarding potential dialogue between the two nations to address tariffs, the situation remains fluid. These tensions have contributed to concerns about a potential economic slowdown, which has negatively impacted oil prices, leading to significant weekly losses for both Brent and WTI crude. The trade war has also shaken confidence in US assets as safe havens and contributed to the weakening of the US dollar, which in turn has supported oil demand. The volatility in US trade policy has left investors cautious and many analysts leaning towards a long-term bearish outlook for the dollar and US government bonds.
    • What are the main criticisms leveled against some consulting firms and their practices? While consulting firms play a vital role in enhancing performance, maximizing efficiency, and driving innovation, recent events have brought them under scrutiny. There are concerns about failed or “cooked” consultations, a lack of professionalism among some consultants, and questionable practices that violate ethical standards. More significantly, recurring serious legal issues and scandals linked to corruption, fraud, manipulation of data, fabricating reports, and falsifying facts have raised serious questions about the true value and integrity of the recommendations provided by some of these firms. Recent instances of government entities prohibiting or terminating contracts with major consulting firms further highlight these concerns.
    • How is Saudi Arabia preparing for the upcoming Hajj season? Makkah and the surrounding holy sites are in a state of readiness for the upcoming Hajj season, anticipating a large influx of pilgrims. Various sectors, particularly those related to pilgrim services, are actively preparing. This includes ensuring the availability of goods and supplies, preparing sales outlets, and finalizing agreements with Hajj companies. There is also a significant focus on attracting and employing thousands of workers to support the pilgrimage operations, highlighting the large-scale logistical efforts involved. Authorities are also conducting joint field campaigns to monitor markets, address violations, and ensure the safety, security, and health of pilgrims.
    • What is the significance of Saudi Arabia hosting the AFC U17 Asian Cup for the next three editions? Saudi Arabia being granted the right to host the AFC U17 Asian Cup for the next three editions (2026, 2027, and 2028) signifies the Kingdom’s growing prominence as a major host for significant Asian football events. This decision, made by the AFC Competitions Committee, follows Saudi Arabia’s successful hosting of the final stages of the AFC Champions League Elite, which culminated in Al Ahli’s victory. Hosting these youth tournaments aligns with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to develop football at all levels and demonstrates its capability to organize major international sporting competitions, contributing to its broader sports development strategy.
    • What is the current human rights and economic situation in Gaza and other parts of Palestine based on the provided sources? The sources paint a grim picture of the human rights and economic situation in Gaza and other areas of Palestine. In Gaza, there are warnings of a potential large-scale humanitarian catastrophe due to a complete siege, leading to severe food shortages, particularly affecting children. There are reports of increasing cases of underweight individuals, physical and psychological changes in children, and recorded deaths due to starvation. Furthermore, there are accusations of a systematic “media genocide” against journalists and media institutions in Gaza, with a high number of journalists reported killed. In Jenin, the economic situation is deteriorating with widespread closures of businesses, significant commercial losses, and damage to infrastructure due to ongoing assaults, leading to a near-complete economic paralysis in some areas and the displacement of thousands of residents.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • English Grammar in Use

    English Grammar in Use

    This document is the fourth edition of English Grammar in Use, a self-study grammar textbook. The book’s numerous units cover various grammatical points, such as phrasal verbs and verb tenses, with accompanying exercises and answer keys. Seven appendices offer supplementary information on topics like irregular verbs and American English. A study guide and additional exercises are included to aid in learning. The text emphasizes a flexible approach, encouraging learners to focus on their individual grammatical challenges.

    Instructions: Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

    1. Explain the difference between the present perfect and past simple tenses.
    2. What are modal verbs and how are they used?
    3. When do we use the -ing form after a verb?
    4. When do we use the infinitive form after a verb?
    5. Explain the difference in meaning between “I remember doing it” and “I remembered to do it.”
    6. What is the difference between “I’m used to driving” and “I used to drive”?
    7. Give an example of a sentence using a preposition followed by an -ing form.
    8. Explain the difference between “I saw him cross the road” and “I saw him crossing the road.”
    9. How can we use an -ing clause to show the reason for something?
    10. Give an example of how we can use “so that” to express purpose.

    Answer Key

    1. The present perfect tense is used for actions completed in a time period up to now, while the past simple is used for completed actions in the past. For example, “I have lived in London for five years” (present perfect) vs. “I lived in Paris for two years” (past simple).
    2. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs like can, could, may, might, must, should, will, and would. They express possibility, ability, permission, obligation, and other nuances of meaning. They are followed by the base form of the main verb.
    3. We use the -ing form after a verb in several cases: a) as a gerund acting as subject or object, b) after certain verbs like enjoy, stop, mind, etc., c) after prepositions, and d) in certain fixed expressions.
    4. We use the infinitive form after a verb to express purpose, after certain verbs like decide, want, forget, etc., and after adjectives like easy, difficult, etc.
    5. “I remember doing it” implies that I have a memory of performing the action in the past, while “I remembered to do it” means that I successfully recalled and completed the action.
    6. “I’m used to driving” means that I am accustomed to driving and find it comfortable, while “I used to drive” indicates that driving was a habit in the past but is no longer.
    7. Example: “I’m interested in learning English.” Here, the preposition “in” is followed by the -ing form “learning.”
    8. “I saw him cross the road” describes a complete action witnessed by the speaker, while “I saw him crossing the road” indicates an action in progress at the time of observation.
    9. Example: “Feeling tired, I decided to stay home.” The -ing clause “Feeling tired” explains the reason for the speaker’s decision.
    10. Example: “I wear a coat so that I don’t get cold.” This sentence shows that the purpose of wearing a coat is to avoid feeling cold.

    Essay Questions

    1. Discuss the various ways in which the present continuous tense can be used in English, providing examples to illustrate each usage.
    2. Compare and contrast the use of “will” and “going to” when expressing future actions. In what contexts is each form more appropriate?
    3. Explain the concept of modal verbs and their significance in English grammar. Discuss the various modal verbs and their specific meanings, providing examples to illustrate their usage.
    4. Analyze the different grammatical structures used to express purpose in English. Discuss the nuances in meaning and usage of these structures, providing examples to support your explanation.
    5. Compare and contrast the use of -ing forms and infinitive forms after verbs in English. Discuss the different verbs that typically take each form and the situations in which using one form over the other changes the meaning of the sentence.

    Glossary of Key Terms

    TermDefinitionTenseA verb form that indicates the time of an action or state.Modal VerbAn auxiliary verb (can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would, shall) that expresses possibility, ability, permission, obligation, and other nuances of meaning.GerundA verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun.InfinitiveThe base form of a verb, often preceded by “to” (to walk, to study, etc.).ParticipleA verb form that functions as an adjective (present participle: -ing; past participle: -ed or irregular form).ClauseA group of words that contains a subject and a verb and forms part of a sentence.PrepositionA word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence (in, on, at, for, to, with, by, etc.).ConjunctionA word that connects words, phrases, or clauses (and, but, or, because, so, although, etc.).AdverbA word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (quickly, slowly, very, really, etc.).Question TagA short question added to the end of a statement to confirm information or seek agreement (You’re coming, aren’t you?).SubjectThe noun or pronoun that performs the action of a verb in a sentence.ObjectThe noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb in a sentence.Passive VoiceA grammatical construction in which the subject of a sentence receives the action of the verb (The ball was thrown by John).Active VoiceA grammatical construction in which the subject of a sentence performs the action of the verb (John threw the ball).Reported SpeechThe restatement of what someone has said, often with changes in tense and pronouns (He said that he was tired).Direct SpeechThe exact words that someone has said, enclosed in quotation marks (“I am tired,” he said).Countable NounA noun that can be counted and has both singular and plural forms (book, books).Uncountable NounA noun that cannot be counted and usually does not have a plural form (water, advice, information).Compound NounA noun made up of two or more words (toothbrush, bus stop, washing machine).Phrasal VerbA verb combined with a preposition or adverb to create a new meaning (take off, put on, look up, etc.).IdiomA phrase with a figurative meaning that is different from the literal meaning of the individual words (kick the bucket, raining cats and dogs).

    Briefing Document: English Grammar Review based on “Essential Grammar in Use” by Raymond Murphy

    This briefing document summarizes key themes and important grammatical points covered in excerpts from Raymond Murphy’s “Essential Grammar in Use.” It highlights the book’s approach to explaining various grammatical concepts, using examples and dialogues for clarity.

    Main Themes

    • Emphasis on Practical Usage: The book prioritizes everyday English usage, focusing on clear communication and understanding of common grammatical structures.
    • Gradual Progression: The excerpts demonstrate a structured progression through different grammatical topics, starting with basic tense usage and moving towards more complex structures like modals, verb patterns, and relative clauses.
    • Contextual Learning: Dialogues and situational examples help illustrate the practical application of grammar rules, making it easier to grasp their meaning and usage.
    • Focus on Common Mistakes: The book addresses typical errors made by English learners, offering clear explanations and tips to avoid them.

    Key Grammatical Points and Examples

    1. Present Tenses for Future Actions

    The book explains how present tenses can express future events, particularly when schedules or fixed plans are involved.

    • Example Dialogue:“Are you going out this morning?”
    • “No, I’m going to clean my room.” (Present continuous for a planned action)

    2. Present Perfect Tense

    Emphasis is placed on the present perfect’s use for actions or experiences within a timeframe that continues up to the present.

    • Example Dialogue:“Have you travelled a lot, Jane?”
    • “Yes, I’ve been to lots of places.” (Present perfect for experiences within Jane’s lifetime)

    3. For and Since with Present Perfect

    The distinction between “for” (duration) and “since” (starting point) with the present perfect is clearly explained.

    • Example: “I haven’t been to the cinema for ages.” (Duration of time)
    • Example: “It’s five years since I had a holiday.” (Specific starting point)

    4. Past Simple vs. Present Perfect

    The book contrasts the use of the past simple for completed actions in the past with the present perfect for actions connected to the present.

    • Example:It didn’t rain this week.” (Past simple – week is finished)
    • Example:The weather has been cold recently.” (Present perfect – recent period connects to the present)

    5. Modal Verbs

    A detailed breakdown of modal verbs like “can,” “could,” “must,” “should,” “may,” and “might” is provided, focusing on their various functions (ability, permission, obligation, possibility, etc.).

    • Example:Could I use your phone?” (Requesting permission)
    • Example:You should see a doctor.” (Giving advice)

    6. -ing and Infinitive Verb Patterns

    The book clarifies when to use verbs followed by -ing forms or infinitives, including situations where both are possible.

    • Example: “I enjoy playing tennis.” (Verb + -ing)
    • Example: “I want to learn Spanish.” (Verb + infinitive)

    7. Prepositions

    Usage of prepositions in different contexts is covered, including prepositions of place, time, and those used after specific adjectives and verbs.

    • Example: “Look at those people swimming in the river.” (Preposition of place)
    • Example: “I’m interested in learning more about this.” (Preposition after adjective)

    8. Relative Clauses

    The use of relative pronouns (who, which, that) to connect clauses and provide additional information is explained.

    • Example: “An architect is someone who designs buildings.” (Defining relative clause)

    9. Passive Voice

    The formation and usage of the passive voice are illustrated.

    • Example: “The window was broken.” (Passive voice – focus on action rather than the doer)

    10. Apostrophes

    The book clarifies the rules for using apostrophes to indicate possession and in contractions.

    • Example: “My sister’s room.” (Possession)
    • Example:It’s a nice day.” (Contraction of “it is”)

    Conclusion

    Raymond Murphy’s “Essential Grammar in Use” offers a clear and practical guide to English grammar, focusing on common usage patterns and addressing areas where learners often face difficulties. Its use of examples and dialogues, along with a systematic approach to grammatical concepts, makes it a valuable resource for improving English language skills.

    English Grammar FAQ

    What is the difference between “I am doing” and “I do” when talking about the future?

    “I am doing” (present continuous) is used to talk about fixed plans or arrangements in the future. For example, “I am meeting Sarah for lunch tomorrow.”

    “I do” (simple present) is used with future time expressions to talk about schedules or timetables. For example, “The train leaves at 8:00 AM.”

    How do I use “going to” to talk about the future?

    “Going to” is used to express intentions or predictions based on present evidence. For example:

    • Intention: “I am going to study hard for my exams.”
    • Prediction: “Look at those dark clouds! It’s going to rain.”

    What is the difference between “will” and “shall” when talking about the future?

    In modern English, “will” is generally used for all subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). “Shall” is occasionally used in formal contexts with “I” and “we” to make offers or suggestions.

    For example:

    • Offer: “Shall I open the window for you?”
    • Suggestion: “Shall we go to the cinema this evening?”

    When do I use “will” and when do I use “going to” for the future?

    • Will:Predictions: “I think it will rain tomorrow.”
    • Decisions made at the moment of speaking: “I’m thirsty. I’ll get some water.”
    • Offers and promises: “I will help you with your homework.”
    • Going to:Planned events: “We are going to visit Paris next year.”
    • Predictions based on present evidence: “She is going to have a baby.”

    How do I use the present perfect tense?

    The present perfect (have + past participle) is used to talk about:

    • Unfinished past: Experiences or actions that started in the past and continue to the present. For example, “I have lived in London for five years.” (I still live in London)
    • Finished past with present result: Actions completed in the past that have a present result or relevance. For example, “I have lost my keys.” (I don’t have them now).

    What is the difference between “for” and “since” when used with the present perfect?

    • For: A duration of time. “I have been working here for three months.”
    • Since: A specific point in time. “I have been working here since January.”

    What are some common verbs that can be followed by either -ing or to + infinitive?

    Some common verbs that can be followed by both -ing and to + infinitive, with a change in meaning, are:

    • Remember:“I remember closing the door.” (I did it and I recall it now)
    • “Remember to close the door.” (Don’t forget to do it).
    • Regret:“I regret telling him the truth.” (I wish I hadn’t).
    • “I regret to tell you that you didn’t get the job.” (I’m sorry to inform you).
    • Try:“Try taking a deep breath.” (Experiment with this action).
    • “I tried to open the window, but it was stuck.” (I made an effort).

    How do I use question tags correctly?

    Question tags are short questions added to the end of statements to confirm information or seek agreement. They use the auxiliary verb from the statement and the subject pronoun.

    • Positive statement + negative tag: “It’s cold today, isn’t it?”
    • Negative statement + positive tag: “You don’t like coffee, do you?”

    The intonation of the tag can change the meaning:

    • Rising intonation: Indicates a genuine question.
    • Falling intonation: Expresses certainty or invites agreement.

    Understanding Phrasal Verbs

    Phrasal verbs are verbs that are combined with other words, such as in/out, on/off, up/down, away/back, by, about, through, along, over, forward, round, or around, to create a new meaning. [1] These additional words are sometimes called particles. [2] Phrasal verbs can be used in a variety of ways.

    Phrasal verbs for movement and direction:

    • Some phrasal verbs are used to describe movement and direction. For example, go away and come back. [2]
    • Other examples include: take off (shoes), drive away, and look away. [2, 3]

    Phrasal verbs with a special meaning:

    • Often, phrasal verbs have a special meaning that is different from the meaning of the individual words. [4] For example, get on can mean to have a good relationship, and sort out can mean to solve a problem. [2]
    • Additional examples: break down (engine stopping), look out (be careful), take off (go into the air), get on (how did you do), and get by (manage). [4]

    Phrasal verbs with a preposition:

    • Sometimes, a phrasal verb is followed by a preposition. [5] For example: run away from, keep up with, look up at, and look forward to. [5]

    Phrasal verbs with an object:

    • When a phrasal verb has an object, there are usually two possible positions for the object. [5] For example, you can say: “I turned on the light,” or “I turned the light on.” [5]
    • However, if the object is a pronoun (it/them/me/him/etc.), only one position is possible. [5] For example: “I turned it on.” [5]

    The sources provide a number of examples of phrasal verbs and their meanings. The source also includes exercises to help you practice using phrasal verbs.

    English Verb Tenses

    The sources primarily focus on English verb tenses, categorizing them as simple or continuous, and present or past.

    Simple Tenses:

    • Present Simple (I do): This tense is used for actions happening repeatedly or in general. [1, 2] For example: “What do you usually do at weekends?” [3] and “It doesn’t rain very much in summer.” [3]
    • Past Simple (I did): This tense describes actions completed in the past. [4] For instance: “Tom lost his key yesterday.” [5] and “When did your friends arrive?” [5]

    Continuous Tenses:

    • Present Continuous (I am doing): This tense is for actions happening at or around the time of speaking. The action is not complete. [2] Examples: “The water is boiling. Can you turn it off?” [3] and “What are you doing?” [3]
    • Past Continuous (I was doing): This tense describes actions that were in progress at a particular time in the past. [6] For example: “Katherine was waiting for me when I arrived.” [7]

    Perfect Tenses:

    The sources also discuss perfect tenses, which are formed using “have” and the past participle of the verb:

    • Present Perfect Simple (I have done): This tense is used for actions or states that started in the past and continue up to the present. [8] It is also used for actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past. [8, 9] Examples include: “Jane has been to China twice.” [9] and “My hands are very dirty. I**’ve been repairing** my bike.” [10]
    • Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing): This tense emphasizes the duration of an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. [11] For example: “It has been raining for two hours.” [12] and “Joe has been eating too much recently.” [10]
    • Past Perfect Simple (I had done): This tense is used for actions that were completed before another action or time in the past. [13] For instance: “They were still working. They hadn’t finished.” [14]
    • Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing): Similar to the past perfect simple, this tense is used for actions that were in progress before another past action or time. [15]

    Future Tenses:

    English uses various structures to express future time, including:

    • Present Continuous (I am doing) with a future meaning: Used for pre-arranged plans in the future. [10, 16] For example: “Are you going to watch anything on TV this evening?” [17] and “He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon.” [16]
    • (Be) going to (do): Expresses intentions or predictions based on present evidence. [18] For example: “The boat is going to sink.” [19] and “It’s getting a bit dark, isn’t it? It’s difficult to read. Yes. I’ll turn on the light.” [20]
    • Will (‘ll): Used for predictions, spontaneous decisions, and promises. [17, 21-23] Examples: “Do you think Kate will pass the exam?” [17] and “Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you**’ll pass**.” [23]
    • Future Continuous (will be doing): Describes an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. [5] For instance: “Don’t phone between 7 and 8. We**’ll be having** dinner then.” [24]
    • Future Perfect (will have done): Indicates an action that will be completed before a specific time or another action in the future. [5] For example: “Phone me after 8 o’clock. We**’ll have finished** dinner by then.” [24]

    The sources provide detailed explanations and numerous examples of each tense, including common usage patterns and exceptions.

    English Grammar Essentials

    The sources cover a wide range of English grammar rules, providing explanations and examples for each. Some key areas discussed include:

    Verb Tenses

    • Simple vs. Continuous: Simple tenses (present simple and past simple) are used for actions that happen repeatedly or in general, while continuous tenses (present continuous and past continuous) describe actions that are in progress at a specific time.
    • Present Perfect: The present perfect tenses (simple and continuous) are used to describe actions or states that started in the past and continue up to the present, or for actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past.
    • Past Perfect: The past perfect tenses (simple and continuous) are used for actions that were completed before another action or time in the past.
    • Future Tenses: English expresses future time using various structures, including the present continuous with a future meaning, “going to,” “will,” the future continuous, and the future perfect.

    Modal Verbs

    • Can, Could, (Be) Able to: These verbs express ability, possibility, and permission.
    • May, Might: These verbs express possibility and permission.
    • Must, Have to: These verbs express obligation and necessity.
    • Should, Ought to: These verbs express advice and recommendation.
    • Would: Used for polite requests, hypothetical situations, and past habits.

    Conditional Sentences

    • If Clauses: The sources explain the different types of conditional sentences and the verb tenses used in each type. They cover “if” clauses with present simple, past simple, and past perfect tenses.

    Passive Voice

    • Forming the Passive: The passive voice is formed using “be” and the past participle of the verb. It is used when the focus is on the action rather than the doer of the action.

    Reported Speech

    • Changes in Tenses: When reporting speech, tenses often shift back in time (e.g., present simple becomes past simple).
    • Reporting Verbs: Different reporting verbs (e.g., say, tell, ask) are used depending on the type of speech being reported.

    -ing and to … (Infinitive)

    • Verbs Followed by -ing: Some verbs are followed by the -ing form of the verb (e.g., enjoy, avoid, finish).
    • Verbs Followed by to … : Other verbs are followed by the infinitive form of the verb (e.g., decide, want, hope).
    • Verbs Followed by -ing or to … : Some verbs can be followed by either the -ing form or the infinitive, with a difference in meaning or usage (e.g., remember, forget, try).

    Articles (a/an/the)

    • Countable and Uncountable Nouns: Articles are used with countable nouns (a/an for singular, the for both singular and plural). Uncountable nouns generally do not use articles.
    • Specific vs. General: The article “the” is used to refer to specific things, while “a/an” is used for general or non-specific things.

    Pronouns and Determiners

    • Personal Pronouns: (e.g., I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
    • Possessive Pronouns: (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
    • Reflexive Pronouns: (e.g., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)
    • Determiners: (e.g., this, that, these, those, some, any, no, all, many, much, few, little)

    Adjectives and Adverbs

    • Adjectives: Describe nouns.
    • Adverbs: Describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
    • Comparative and Superlative Forms: Adjectives and adverbs have comparative and superlative forms to express degrees of comparison.

    Prepositions

    • Time: (e.g., at, in, on, for, since, during, until)
    • Place: (e.g., at, in, on, to, from, under, over)
    • Other Uses: Prepositions are used in many different contexts to express relationships between words in a sentence.

    Phrasal Verbs

    • Form and Meaning: Phrasal verbs combine a verb with one or more particles (e.g., in, out, on, off, up, down) to create a new meaning.
    • Types of Phrasal Verbs: The sources categorize phrasal verbs based on their structure and whether they take an object.

    The sources provide comprehensive explanations and examples of these grammar rules, along with exercises to practice using them.

    Advanced English Grammar Usage Guide

    The sources focus heavily on proper English usage, aiming to clarify common areas of confusion for intermediate English learners. Here’s a breakdown of key usage points:

    Verb Tense Usage:

    • Present Simple vs. Present Continuous: The present simple is for repeated or general actions, while the present continuous is for actions happening at or around the time of speaking. For example, “I usually go to work by car” (present simple) versus “I**’m going** to the cinema this evening” (present continuous) [1].
    • Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: The present perfect connects the past to the present, often for unfinished duration or unspecified time, whereas the past simple is for completed past actions. For instance, “Have you known each other for a long time?” (present perfect) versus “When did they first meet?” (past simple) [2, 3].
    • Stative Verbs: Certain verbs related to states (like, know, believe) are not typically used in continuous tenses [4, 5]. For example, “Do you believe in God?” (correct) rather than “Are you believing in God?” (incorrect) [5].

    Modal Verb Usage:

    • Can vs. Could: “Can” is for present ability, while “could” is for past ability or more polite requests. For example, “I can hear a strange noise” (present) and “Could you open the door, please?” (polite request) [4, 6].
    • May vs. Might: Both express possibility, but “might” suggests a slightly lower likelihood. For example, “I may go to Ireland” (perhaps will) and “It might rain later” (perhaps will) [7].
    • Must vs. Have to: “Must” emphasizes the speaker’s obligation, while “have to” is more about external obligation. For example, “I must go now” (speaker’s urgency) versus “I have to work tomorrow” (external schedule) [8].
    • Should vs. Ought to: Both give advice, but “ought to” is slightly more formal. For example, “You ought to have come” [9].

    Conditional Sentence Usage:

    • Real vs. Unreal Conditionals: “If I do…” is for real possibilities, while “If I did…” is for hypothetical, unlikely situations. For example, “If it rains, we’ll stay home” (real possibility) versus “If I won the lottery, I’d buy a house” (unlikely) [10, 11].

    Other Usage Points:

    • Countable vs. Uncountable Nouns: Some nouns have different meanings depending on whether they’re countable or uncountable. For instance, “a hair in my soup” (countable, specific) versus “You’ve got very long hair” (uncountable, general) [12].
    • Articles (a/an/the): “The” is used for specific things, while “a/an” is for general things. The sources provide detailed rules for article usage [13-19].
    • Word Order: Adverbs like “always,” “never,” and “often” are usually placed before the main verb [20].
    • Prepositions: The sources emphasize correct preposition use with verbs, adjectives, and nouns, as these can be tricky for learners [21-36].

    By focusing on these specific usage patterns, the sources help learners improve their grammatical accuracy and achieve more natural-sounding English.

    The Passive Voice: A Comprehensive Guide

    The sources explain that the passive voice is used when the focus is on the action itself rather than who or what is performing the action. The passive voice is formed using “be” + past participle. [1-3]

    Here’s a breakdown of the passive voice based on the sources:

    • Active vs. Passive: An active sentence emphasizes the subject performing the action. For example, “My grandfather built this house.” In contrast, a passive sentence puts the focus on what is acted upon: “This house was built by my grandfather.” [2]
    • Unknown or Unimportant Actor: The passive voice is often used when the actor is unknown or unimportant. For example, “A lot of money was stolen in the robbery.” [2]
    • Using “By”: If you want to specify the actor in a passive sentence, you can use “by.” For instance, “Two hundred people are employed by the company.” [2]
    • Tense Forms: The sources provide examples of the passive voice in different tenses:
    • Present simple: “This room is cleaned every day.” [3]
    • Past simple: “This room was cleaned yesterday.” [4]
    • Present perfect: “The room looks nice. It has been cleaned.” [5]
    • Past perfect: “The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.” [5]
    • Present continuous: “The room is being cleaned at the moment.” [6]
    • Past continuous: “The room was being cleaned when I arrived.” [6]
    • Infinitive: “A mystery is something that can’t be explained.” [7]
    • Future: “A new supermarket is going to be built next year.” [7]
    • Two Objects: When a verb has two objects, you can make two different passive sentences. For example, with the verb “give”:
    • “Somebody gave the police the information.” (active) [8]
    • “The police were given the information.” (passive) [8]
    • “The information was given to the police.” (passive) [8]
    • “Being + Past Participle”: This form is used to describe actions that are happening to someone. For instance, “I don’t like being told what to do.” [9]
    • “Get” in Passive: In informal spoken English, “get” can sometimes be used instead of “be” in passive sentences. For example, “Nobody got hurt.” [10]

    The sources offer a thorough examination of the passive voice, including its formation, usage, and various applications in different tenses.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • 10 Best Netflix Movies That Are Based on Books

    10 Best Netflix Movies That Are Based on Books

    For any avid reader, the journey through the pages of a well-crafted book is a magical experience. Each chapter pulls you deeper into a world crafted by the author, where characters take on life through the vivid imagination of the reader. But what happens when that world, so carefully constructed in our minds, is brought to life on the big screen? Netflix has proven to be a treasure trove for book lovers, offering a myriad of movies that faithfully, and sometimes creatively, adapt beloved novels. These films not only rekindle the love for the original story but also introduce it to a wider audience, allowing the narrative to live on in a different medium.

    In this blog post, we will explore the ten best Netflix movies that are based on books. Each of these films brings its unique flavor to the story, whether it’s a faithful retelling or a creative reimagining. Whether you’re looking for a family-friendly adventure, a dark and gripping drama, or a film that challenges societal norms, there’s something here for everyone. So, without further ado, let’s dive into these cinematic gems that have successfully transitioned from page to screen.

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    1. Yes Day (2021)

    The 2021 family comedy Yes Day is a heartwarming tale that centers on Allison and Carlos, a married couple who, after years of saying “no” to their kids’ whims, decide to flip the script. For one whole day, they agree to say “yes” to everything their children ask, leading to a whirlwind of fun, chaos, and unexpected adventures. This newfound freedom pushes the family out of their comfort zones, allowing them to reconnect in ways they hadn’t imagined. The film is a joyful exploration of family dynamics, the balance between fun and responsibility, and the importance of letting go every once in a while.

    What Makes It Great:
    Based on the children’s book by Amy Krouse Rosenthal and Tom Lichtenheld, Yes Day translates the spirit of the book into a lively and entertaining film. The movie’s charm lies in its ability to capture the essence of childhood wonder and the importance of embracing spontaneity. Jennifer Garner’s tradition of celebrating “yes days” with her children adds an authentic touch to the story, making it relatable to parents and kids alike. It’s a feel-good movie that reminds us of the simple joys of saying “yes” and the priceless memories that come with it.

    Release Date: 2021-03-12
    Director: Miguel Arteta
    Cast: Everly Carganilla, Julian Lerner, Edgar Ramirez, Jenna Ortega, Jennifer Garner, Tracie Thoms.
    Rating: PG
    Main Genre: Comedy

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    2. The Devil All the Time (2020)

    Set in post-World War II rural Ohio, The Devil All the Time weaves together the lives of several characters, each grappling with their demons. The film delves into themes of faith, violence, and the inescapable nature of sin, portraying a dark and haunting narrative that spans generations. As secrets unravel and fates intertwine, the characters’ lives become increasingly entangled in a web of tragedy and retribution. The story, with its complex characters and grim atmosphere, offers a chilling exploration of the human condition.

    What Makes It Great:
    Adapted from Donald Ray Pollock’s novel, The Devil All the Time stays true to its source material’s bleak and intense tone. The film’s strength lies in its ability to maintain the novel’s narrative tension while also delivering powerful performances from its star-studded cast, including Tom Holland and Bill Skarsgård. The movie’s intricate plot and atmospheric setting create a sense of unease that lingers long after the credits roll, making it a compelling watch for those who appreciate dark, character-driven stories.

    Release Date: 2020-09-11
    Director: Antonio Campos
    Cast: Emilio Subercaseaux Campos, Michael Banks Repeta, Donald Ray Pollock, Tom Holland, Bill Skarsgard
    Main Genre Thriller.

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    3. Moxie (2021)

    Moxie, directed by Amy Poehler, is a coming-of-age film that tells the story of Vivian, a shy teenager who finds her voice through a feminist zine she creates to challenge the sexist culture at her high school. Inspired by her mother’s rebellious past and the injustices she witnesses daily, Vivian’s zine sparks a movement that shakes the very foundations of her school. The film tackles important issues such as gender inequality, bullying, and the power of youth activism, all while maintaining a lighthearted and engaging tone.

    What Makes It Great:
    Based on Jennifer Mathieu’s young adult novel, Moxie brings its empowering message to life on screen with a modern twist. The film’s decision to update certain elements, such as the inclusion of a more diverse cast and the portrayal of a female school principal, adds depth to its social commentary. Moxie succeeds in being both entertaining and thought-provoking, making it a relevant and inspiring film for today’s audience. Its portrayal of youthful defiance and the fight for equality resonates strongly, encouraging viewers to stand up and make their voices heard.

    Release Date: 2021-03-03
    Director: Amy Poehler
    Cast: J.J. Totah, Clark Gregg, Ike Barinholtz, Josephine Langford, Patrick Schwarzenegger, Marcia Gay Harden.
    Rating: PG-13
    Main Genre: Comedy

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    4. The Kissing Booth (2018)

    Released in 2018, The Kissing Booth quickly became a fan favorite, leading to the production of two sequels that followed shortly after. The film, directed by Vince Marcello and starring Joey King, Jacob Elordi, and Joel Courtney, centers around Elle, a shy teenager who finds herself in a complicated situation when she develops feelings for her best friend Lee’s older brother, Noah. As Elle and Noah’s romance blossoms, it threatens her close-knit friendship with Lee, leading to a series of emotional dilemmas and heartwarming moments that keep viewers hooked until the very end. The film perfectly captures the highs and lows of teenage love and friendship, making it relatable to audiences of all ages.

    What Makes It Great:
    Beth Reekles penned The Kissing Booth as a teenager, crafting a story that resonated deeply with her peers by focusing on a regular teen romance—something that any young person could see themselves in. The Netflix adaptation of her book stayed true to this essence, delivering a feel-good romance that speaks to the universal experiences of growing up, falling in love, and navigating the complexities of relationships. Additionally, the film’s nostalgic nods to rom-coms from the 1980s and 1990s appeal to a broader audience, making it a delightful watch for both younger viewers and those who grew up with classic romantic comedies.

    Release Date: 2018-05-11
    Director: Vince Marcello
    Cast: Chloe Williams, Jack Fokkens, Caitlyn de Abreu, Lincoln Pearson, Megan du Plessis, Stephen Jennings
    Main Genre Comedy.

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    5. The Old Guard (2020)

    The Old Guard, released in 2020, is a thrilling action-packed film directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood and based on the comic book series by Greg Rucka. The movie follows a group of immortal mercenaries, led by the fierce and enigmatic Andy, played by Charlize Theron. When their secret existence is threatened by an external force, they must fight to protect their anonymity while also grappling with the burden of living through centuries of wars, betrayals, and loss. The film combines high-octane action with thought-provoking themes about immortality, morality, and the complexities of human nature.

    What Makes It Great:
    One of the key factors behind the success of The Old Guard is the involvement of Greg Rucka, the original creator of the comic book, in the film adaptation process. His influence ensured that the movie stayed true to the core elements that made the comic so compelling, while also allowing the story to evolve in a way that suits the cinematic medium. The film’s well-executed action sequences, combined with strong performances—especially from Charlize Theron—helped bring the intense, gritty world of the mercenaries to life, making it a standout in the genre and a must-watch for fans of both comics and action films.

    Release Date: 2020-07-10
    Director: Gina Prince-Bythewood
    Cast: Chiwetel Ejiofor, Kiki Layne, Luca Marinelli, Marwan Kenzari, Charlize Theron, Matthias Schoenaerts.
    Main Genre: Thriller

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    6. The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (2019)

    In 2019, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind marked Chiwetel Ejiofor’s impressive directorial debut. The film is an adaptation of William Kamkwamba’s memoir and tells the inspiring true story of a young Malawian boy with a passion for electronics. Despite being expelled from school due to his family’s financial struggles, William refuses to give up on his education. With determination and ingenuity, he builds a windmill from scrap materials to bring electricity to his village and save his community from famine. The film is a poignant portrayal of resilience, innovation, and the power of education in the face of adversity.

    What Makes It Great:
    The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind successfully captures the emotional depth and cultural richness of William Kamkwamba’s memoir. The film was praised for its authentic portrayal of life in Malawi, carefully balancing the personal story of William’s achievements with a broader commentary on the socio-political challenges faced by his community. Chiwetel Ejiofor’s dual role as both director and actor adds another layer of depth to the film, as his passion for the story shines through in every scene. This powerful narrative, combined with its stunning cinematography and compelling performances, makes it a deeply moving experience that resonates with viewers long after the credits roll.

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    7. Gerald’s Game (2017)

    Gerald’s Game is a psychological thriller that brings to life the gripping and intense narrative of Stephen King’s novel, which was once considered unfilmable. Directed by Mike Flanagan, the 2017 adaptation tells the story of a married couple, Jessie and Gerald, who head to a remote lake house in an attempt to rekindle their relationship. What starts as an innocent retreat quickly turns into a nightmare when Gerald unexpectedly dies, leaving Jessie handcuffed to the bed with no hope of immediate rescue. As she struggles to survive, Jessie is forced to confront her deepest fears, her traumatic past, and her sanity. Flanagan’s direction and the powerful performances from Carla Gugino and Bruce Greenwood create a tense, claustrophobic atmosphere that keeps viewers on the edge of their seats from start to finish.

    What Makes It Great:
    Mike Flanagan’s deep admiration for Stephen King’s work is evident in his meticulous approach to adapting Gerald’s Game. Despite the challenges of translating such an internal and psychological story to the screen, Flanagan succeeded in capturing the essence of King’s novel while making necessary changes to fit the cinematic format. His careful handling of the material, combined with outstanding performances—particularly from Carla Gugino, who delivers a tour-de-force portrayal of a woman trapped both physically and mentally—resulted in a film that resonated with audiences and critics alike. The movie’s exploration of survival, trauma, and redemption makes it not just a faithful adaptation but also a standout in the horror genre.

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    8. Mudbound (2017)

    Dee Rees’ Mudbound is a powerful historical drama that delves into the complex dynamics of race, class, and family in the post-World War II American South. Based on Hillary Jordan’s novel, the 2017 film follows two families—the McAllans, who are white, and the Jacksons, who are Black—living in rural Mississippi. Their lives become intertwined when the sons of both families return from the war and form a tenuous friendship that challenges the entrenched racism of their community. The film skillfully portrays the harsh realities of the time, exploring themes of prejudice, survival, and the enduring impact of war on individuals and families. The narrative is both heart-wrenching and thought-provoking, offering a raw and honest look at a difficult period in American history.

    What Makes It Great:
    Mudbound stands out as a remarkable adaptation due to Dee Rees’ commitment to preserving the emotional depth and historical accuracy of Hillary Jordan’s novel. Rees’ direction, coupled with a stellar ensemble cast including Carey Mulligan, Jason Mitchell, and Mary J. Blige, brings the story to life in a way that is both authentic and deeply moving. The film’s ability to evoke the same intense emotions that readers felt when reading the book is a testament to its powerful storytelling. Additionally, the movie’s cinematography and use of period-appropriate settings further immerse the audience in the world of 1940s Mississippi, making Mudbound a hauntingly beautiful and unforgettable film.

    Release Date: 2017-11-16
    Director: Dee Rees
    Cast: Rob Morgan, Carey Mulligan, Jonathan Banks, Jason Mitchell, Jason Clarke, Garrett Hedlund.
    Rating: R

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    9. To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before (2018)

    To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before is a charming and heartfelt adaptation of Jenny Han’s young adult novel that quickly became a cultural phenomenon. Directed by Susan Johnson, the 2018 film follows the life of Lara Jean Covey, a shy and introverted teenager whose world is turned upside down when her secret love letters, written to all her past crushes, are accidentally sent out. As Lara Jean navigates the fallout from this unintended revelation, she finds herself in unexpected situations that lead to new friendships, romances, and a deeper understanding of herself. The film’s light-hearted tone, combined with its relatable exploration of teenage love and identity, makes it a delightful watch for audiences of all ages.

    What Makes It Great:
    The success of To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before lies in its ability to capture the essence of Jenny Han’s beloved novel while also bringing a fresh and vibrant energy to the story. The film’s casting, particularly Lana Condor as Lara Jean, is pitch-perfect, and the chemistry between the characters adds an extra layer of authenticity to the narrative. The adaptation smartly focuses on the key elements of Lara Jean’s journey, while refining the supporting characters and plotlines to create a cohesive and engaging film. Its relatable themes of young love, self-discovery, and the complexities of family dynamics resonated with a wide audience, leading to two successful sequels and solidifying its place as a modern teen classic.

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    10. The Irishman (2019)

    The Irishman is a cinematic triumph that marks yet another standout entry in Martin Scorsese’s legendary career. Based on Charles Brandt’s book I Heard You Paint Houses, the 2019 film chronicles the life of Frank Sheeran, a war veteran who becomes a notorious hitman within the ranks of organized crime. The narrative spans decades, revealing Sheeran’s deep ties with key figures in the criminal underworld, including the infamous union leader Jimmy Hoffa. Starring Robert De Niro as Sheeran, Al Pacino as Hoffa, and Joe Pesci as Russell Bufalino, the film delivers a powerful portrayal of loyalty, betrayal, and the heavy toll of a life steeped in violence. Scorsese’s masterful direction, coupled with a star-studded cast, creates a gripping and reflective story that delves into the complexities of human nature and the moral ambiguities that define it.

    What Makes It Great:
    With Martin Scorsese at the helm, The Irishman was almost destined for greatness. The film’s brilliance lies not only in its adherence to the source material but also in its ability to breathe new life into the crime genre through innovative storytelling techniques, such as the use of de-aging technology to portray characters across different stages of their lives. Steven Zaillian’s screenplay stays true to the essence of Brandt’s book while adding layers of depth and introspection, allowing viewers to connect with the characters on a profound level. The performances by De Niro, Pacino, and Pesci are nothing short of extraordinary, each actor delivering nuanced portrayals that anchor the film’s emotional core. The Irishman is more than just a crime drama; it’s a poignant meditation on aging, regret, and the inescapable consequences of one’s choices, making it a modern masterpiece.

    Release Date: 2019-11-01
    Director: Martin Scorsese
    Cast: Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Anna Paquin, Joe Pesci, Jesse Plemons, Harvey Keitel.
    Rating: R
    Main Genre: Crime

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    Conclusion

    These three films—Yes Day, The Devil All the Time, and Moxie—showcase the incredible range of stories that can be adapted from books to films. From lighthearted family adventures to dark and intense dramas, each movie captures the essence of its source material while adding a unique cinematic touch. Whether you’re in the mood for a feel-good family movie or a thought-provoking drama, these adaptations offer something for everyone.

    What makes these films particularly special is their ability to stay true to the core themes of the books while also embracing the creative liberties that come with film adaptations. They not only entertain but also provoke thought, challenge perceptions, and, in some cases, inspire change. As we continue our journey through more book-to-film adaptations, the next set of movies promises to be just as compelling.

    The next trio of films—The Kissing Booth, The Old Guard, and The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind—further showcases the versatility of book-to-film adaptations on Netflix. Each film brings a unique story to life, whether it’s the relatable highs and lows of teenage romance, the adrenaline-fueled world of immortal warriors, or the inspiring true story of a young boy’s ingenuity. These movies not only stay true to their literary roots but also enhance the storytelling with cinematic elements that appeal to a diverse audience.

    What truly stands out in these adaptations is the way they preserve the essence of the original works while making the stories accessible and engaging for both fans of the books and new viewers alike. From heartwarming moments to edge-of-your-seat action and deeply inspiring narratives, these films demonstrate the power of storytelling across different mediums, ensuring that the magic of the original books continues to captivate and inspire.

    The trio of films—Gerald’s Game, Mudbound, and To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before—showcases the diversity and richness of Netflix’s book-to-film adaptations. Each of these movies, though vastly different in genre and tone, shares a common thread in their successful translation of beloved books into compelling cinematic experiences. Whether it’s the psychological intensity of Gerald’s Game, the historical and emotional depth of Mudbound, or the light-hearted romance of To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before, these adaptations honor their source material while bringing something new and engaging to the screen.

    What makes these films truly stand out is their ability to maintain the core messages and emotions of the original works, while also adapting them to fit the unique demands of cinema. The filmmakers’ respect for the source material, combined with strong performances and creative direction, ensures that these adaptations not only satisfy fans of the books but also captivate new audiences, reinforcing the timeless appeal of these stories.

    In examining these ten Netflix adaptations, it’s clear that the magic of a great book can indeed be successfully translated to the screen. From the light-hearted adventures of Yes Day to the intense drama of The Irishman, each film showcases the versatility and depth that a well-crafted adaptation can bring to a beloved story. These movies not only honor their literary origins but also enhance them, offering new perspectives and experiences that captivate both readers and filmgoers alike.

    The common thread that binds these films together is their commitment to preserving the essence of the original works while embracing the unique storytelling possibilities that cinema offers. Whether through faithful retellings or creative reinterpretations, these adaptations manage to stay true to the heart of their source material, ensuring that the stories continue to resonate with audiences long after the credits roll. Netflix’s ability to bring these books to life on screen reaffirms the enduring power of storytelling, no matter the medium.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • What Not to Do: 25 Résumé Mistakes That Annoy Recruiters

    What Not to Do: 25 Résumé Mistakes That Annoy Recruiters

    Your résumé is your first handshake with potential employers, and in the fast-paced hiring world, it needs to be firm and memorable. Despite countless resources available on crafting the perfect résumé, common missteps continue to derail job seekers’ chances. What’s more, recruiters don’t just skim résumés—they dissect them, looking for red flags that might signal a lack of attention to detail or professionalism. Avoiding these pitfalls is crucial in your quest for career success.

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    To make matters more challenging, many recruiters rely on applicant tracking systems (ATS) to screen résumés before they ever reach human eyes. A single formatting mistake or irrelevant addition can send your application straight to the digital discard pile. This makes it imperative to understand what recruiters want—and, just as importantly, what annoys them.

    Think of your résumé as your personal marketing brochure. Would you buy a product with an overly complicated, confusing description? Or one with too little information to inspire confidence? To help you stand out for the right reasons, we’ve compiled a list of 25 common résumé mistakes to avoid. Let’s start by diving into three of these major missteps.

    Keywords: Résumé mistakes, professional résumé tips, job application advice, ATS-friendly résumé, common résumé errors
    Hashtags: #RésuméTips #JobSearch #RecruiterAdvice #CareerSuccess

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    Making it too long

    Recruiters are pressed for time, and a résumé that resembles a novella is unlikely to make the cut. Condensing your work history, skills, and accomplishments into two pages—or one, if possible—forces you to prioritize what’s truly relevant. Use bullet points to highlight achievements, quantifying results wherever possible. For example, instead of saying you “led a team,” explain how you “led a team of 10 to increase sales by 20% over six months.” Details like this are concise but impactful.

    Additionally, a bloated résumé can signal poor judgment. By including extraneous details, you risk burying the most critical aspects of your candidacy. Remember, less is often more when you’re aiming to catch and keep a recruiter’s attention. Pare it down, stick to the essentials, and let the quality of your experience shine.

    Keywords: concise résumé, résumé formatting tips, quantifying achievements, recruiter preferences
    Hashtags: #ConciseRésumé #CareerGrowth #HiringSuccess

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    2- Making it too short

    On the flip side, being overly brief can leave recruiters guessing—and not in a good way. A sparse résumé might suggest a lack of experience or effort, neither of which reflects well on your candidacy. Instead of focusing solely on fitting everything onto one page, think strategically about what must be included. Detail major responsibilities and accomplishments for each role, ensuring they align with the job you’re applying for.

    For instance, if a particular achievement aligns directly with the job description, don’t cut it out to save space. A well-written two-page résumé that’s rich in relevant content will always outperform a one-pager that feels incomplete. The goal isn’t to fill up the page but to provide enough depth to paint a compelling picture of your qualifications.

    Keywords: comprehensive résumé, résumé depth, job application success, résumé essentials
    Hashtags: #RésuméStrategy #ProfessionalRésumé #CareerDevelopment

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    3- Picking the wrong design

    Your résumé’s design should complement its content and align with industry expectations. Creative roles might benefit from a visually striking layout, showcasing design skills and a flair for originality. However, in industries like law, medicine, or finance, such designs might come off as unprofessional. Stick to clean, easy-to-read formats in these cases, and focus on clarity over creativity.

    Another common misstep is choosing fonts or colors that make the résumé hard to read. Recruiters won’t struggle to decipher your application when there are dozens of others in the pile. Test your résumé’s readability by viewing it on different devices and printing it out. Whether it’s a bold design for a creative field or a minimalist look for corporate roles, always tailor your layout to the job.

    Keywords: résumé design tips, industry-specific résumé, professional résumé layout, readability in résumés
    Hashtags: #ProfessionalDesign #RésuméTips #JobApplication

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    Conclusion

    The key to crafting a standout résumé lies in balance. Keep it succinct without sacrificing critical details, and let the design reflect both your industry and professionalism. By avoiding extremes—whether too long, too short, or visually mismatched—you can create a résumé that grabs attention for all the right reasons.

    Remember, a résumé is more than just a summary of your work experience; it’s a marketing tool that sells your unique value. Fine-tuning these elements not only avoids recruiter annoyances but also elevates your chances of landing that interview.

    Keywords: résumé balance, standout résumé tips, recruiter-approved résumé, résumé best practices
    Hashtags: #RésuméSuccess #CareerTips #ProfessionalRésumé

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    4- Strange font choices

    The font you select for your résumé sends subtle messages about your professionalism. Unusual or elaborate fonts may seem creative, but they can make your résumé appear unprofessional and harder to read. Recruiters favor clean, legible options such as Arial, Times New Roman, or Calibri because they ensure clarity and are easy on the eyes. Research from Wichita State University highlights that fonts like Times New Roman project stability, while Georgia communicates maturity. These associations can subtly influence how a recruiter perceives your application.

    To avoid font-related pitfalls, keep your font size between 10 and 12 points and ensure consistency throughout the document. Steer clear of decorative fonts like Comic Sans or overly stylized scripts, which can detract from the content. Remember, the goal of your font choice is not to stand out, but to allow your qualifications to shine.

    Keywords: professional résumé fonts, clean font choices, legible résumé design, recruiter-preferred fonts
    Hashtags: #FontMatters #ProfessionalRésumé #JobSearchTips

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    5- Bad formatting

    Poor formatting can make even the most impressive résumé unreadable. Long, unbroken blocks of text are overwhelming and signal a lack of organization. Instead, use formatting techniques that enhance readability: break up content into sections with clear headings, add bullet points for key achievements, and maintain consistent margins and spacing. For instance, instead of listing all job responsibilities in a single paragraph, use bullets to spotlight specific accomplishments.

    Spacing is equally important. Overcrowded résumés can look chaotic, while excessive whitespace can appear incomplete. Strive for balance—enough spacing to guide the recruiter’s eye but not so much that your résumé feels empty. A well-organized résumé demonstrates attention to detail, a skill recruiters value highly.

    Keywords: résumé formatting tips, visually appealing résumé, organized résumé layout, easy-to-read résumés
    Hashtags: #RésuméFormatting #AttentionToDetail #JobApplicationTips

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    6- Bad use of color

    Using color strategically in your résumé can help it stand out—if done appropriately. Subtle hues in headings or section dividers can make the document visually appealing without distracting from the content. However, loud or clashing colors can appear unprofessional, while light shades like yellow or neon green can be difficult to read. For traditional industries, such as law or finance, sticking to a black-and-white palette is often the safest choice.

    If you’re applying for a position in a creative field, such as graphic design, a restrained pop of color can highlight your design sense. The key is moderation. Overusing color or relying on garish tones can detract from your qualifications and frustrate recruiters. Aim for elegance and functionality in every design decision.

    Keywords: résumé color tips, professional use of color, creative résumé design, recruiter-approved colors
    Hashtags: #ColorInRésumé #ProfessionalDesign #JobSearch

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    Conclusion

    Your résumé’s design choices—font, formatting, and color—play a significant role in shaping a recruiter’s first impression. Clean fonts, organized layouts, and subtle use of color convey professionalism and attention to detail. Avoid anything that makes your résumé harder to read or less appealing visually.

    Ultimately, the goal is to create a résumé that is as polished and professional as your qualifications. By aligning your design with industry norms and keeping functionality in mind, you ensure your résumé will work for you, not against you.

    Keywords: résumé design tips, recruiter preferences, professional résumé presentation, impactful résumé design
    Hashtags: #ProfessionalRésumé #RésuméDesign #RecruiterTips

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    7- Errors and typos

    Nothing sinks a résumé faster than errors and typos. These seemingly minor mistakes send a clear message to recruiters: you didn’t care enough to proofread. In a competitive job market, such oversights can cost you an opportunity, no matter how impressive your qualifications are. Always take the time to meticulously review your résumé for spelling, grammar, and formatting mistakes. Free tools like Grammarly can catch many errors, but don’t rely solely on technology—human eyes often catch nuances that software misses.

    For added assurance, consider asking a trusted friend or mentor to review your résumé. A fresh perspective can help identify errors or inconsistencies you might have overlooked. Remember, attention to detail is a skill that employers value highly, and your résumé is the first test of that competency.

    Keywords: résumé proofreading, common résumé mistakes, error-free résumé, proofreading tools for résumés
    Hashtags: #ProofreadYourRésumé #AttentionToDetail #JobSearchTips

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    8- Not including a personal profile

    A personal profile is your chance to make an immediate impact. Positioned at the top of your résumé, it provides a succinct snapshot of your skills, experience, and career objectives. This section allows you to tailor your application to the specific role, making it clear to recruiters why you’re the ideal candidate. A well-crafted personal profile doesn’t just summarize—it sets the tone for the entire résumé and draws the recruiter in.

    Think of this as your elevator pitch. Highlight your unique strengths and career achievements in a way that aligns with the job description. Avoid being overly generic; instead, be specific about your goals and how your background equips you to excel in the role. A strong personal profile can transform a standard résumé into a compelling narrative.

    Keywords: personal profile tips, résumé introduction, tailored résumé content, standout résumé summary
    Hashtags: #RésuméProfile #CareerSuccess #ProfessionalRésumé

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    9- Including a generic personal profile

    While including a personal profile is essential, making it generic can undo its benefits. Overused phrases like “results-driven” or “self-motivated” add little value because they lack specificity. Recruiters see these clichés so often that they’ve become meaningless. Instead, focus on what sets you apart by providing concrete examples of your skills and achievements. For example, rather than saying you’re “detail-oriented,” you could mention a project where your meticulous planning saved time or improved results.

    Your personal profile should also reflect the role you’re targeting. Customize it for each job application, ensuring it demonstrates how your background and goals align with the employer’s needs. This targeted approach shows that you’ve done your homework and are genuinely interested in the position.

    Keywords: unique résumé profile, avoiding résumé clichés, customized résumé summary, specific résumé examples
    Hashtags: #StandOutRésumé #TailoredRésumé #JobApplicationTips

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    Conclusion

    The content of your résumé is just as critical as its design. Errors and typos can derail your application, while a lack of or poorly written personal profile may fail to engage recruiters. By focusing on precision, personalization, and authenticity, you ensure your résumé presents a polished and compelling case for your candidacy.

    Think of your résumé as a narrative of your professional journey. Every word should reflect your dedication, skills, and unique value. Avoiding these pitfalls not only strengthens your résumé but also builds a strong foundation for landing your dream job.

    Keywords: polished résumé, recruiter engagement, résumé personalization, authentic résumé content
    Hashtags: #RésuméTips #ProfessionalRésumé #CareerAdvancement

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    10- Writing in the third person

    Writing your résumé in the third person may seem like a clever way to stand out, but it often backfires. Résumés are inherently personal documents; they represent your professional story and achievements. Writing in the third person creates an unnecessary distance between you and the recruiter, making it harder for them to connect with your application. It may even come across as overly formal or, worse, egotistical—a tone that can alienate potential employers.

    Instead, use the first person without personal pronouns. For example, write “Managed a team of 10 to deliver a project ahead of schedule” instead of “I managed a team of 10.” This style keeps the focus on your accomplishments while maintaining a professional tone. Remember, recruiters want to see confidence, not arrogance, in your résumé’s language.

    Keywords: résumé tone, first-person writing, résumé personalization, professional résumé language
    Hashtags: #RésuméTips #ProfessionalWriting #JobSearchTips

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    11- Poor choice of language

    Your choice of words is as important as the content of your résumé. Negative language, vague phrases, or informal expressions can undermine your professional image. Instead of saying “responsible for,” use action verbs like “led,” “implemented,” or “achieved.” Action-oriented language makes your résumé dynamic and positions you as a proactive candidate.

    At the same time, avoid overcomplicating your language. Simplicity is key—write in a way that recruiters can quickly grasp your qualifications. Avoid slang or jargon that may not resonate across industries, and focus on clear, precise descriptions of your accomplishments. A well-written résumé reflects strong communication skills, which are crucial in almost any role.

    Keywords: action verbs for résumés, clear résumé language, professional communication, recruiter-friendly language
    Hashtags: #ActionVerbs #ClearCommunication #JobApplication

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    12- Outdated information

    Including outdated information on your résumé can signal a lack of attention to detail or a lack of initiative to keep your application current. Always ensure your work history, skills, and contact details are up to date. For example, leaving an old phone number or email address could result in missed opportunities if a recruiter can’t reach you.

    Additionally, remove irrelevant details, such as jobs from decades ago or obsolete skills like proficiency in outdated software. Highlight recent achievements and experiences that align with the role you’re applying for. A modern, tailored résumé shows that you’re forward-thinking and attuned to the demands of today’s job market.

    Keywords: updated résumé tips, relevant résumé content, modern résumé formatting, recruiter engagement
    Hashtags: #UpdatedRésumé #StayRelevant #CareerTips

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    Conclusion

    Your résumé’s tone, language, and content must reflect professionalism and attention to detail. Writing in the third person or using overly casual language can alienate recruiters, while outdated information can make you seem inattentive or out of touch. Precision and relevance are essential in crafting a résumé that resonates with hiring managers.

    Think of your résumé as a conversation starter—it should be engaging, accurate, and professional. By avoiding these missteps, you ensure that your résumé communicates your qualifications effectively and leaves a lasting impression on recruiters.

    Keywords: professional résumé tone, accurate résumé content, résumé relevance, engaging résumés
    Hashtags: #ProfessionalRésumé #JobSearchSuccess #CareerAdvancement

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    13- Not tailoring for each position

    Submitting the same résumé for every job application is a missed opportunity to showcase your fit for the specific role. A one-size-fits-all approach may save time, but it reduces your chances of standing out among other candidates. Recruiters often use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to scan résumés for job-specific keywords. If your résumé doesn’t align with the job description, it may not even make it to a human reviewer. According to a CareerBuilder survey, 63% of recruiters value tailored applications, underscoring the importance of customization.

    Tailoring your résumé involves more than adding keywords. Highlight the most relevant experiences and skills for each job, and consider reorganizing your achievements to emphasize what aligns with the employer’s priorities. By showing that you’ve taken the time to understand the role, you demonstrate genuine interest and effort—qualities that recruiters appreciate.

    Keywords: tailored résumés, customized job applications, ATS-friendly résumés, relevant résumé content
    Hashtags: #TailoredRésumé #JobSearchStrategy #StandOutCandidate

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    14- Telling lies

    Lying on your résumé may seem like a shortcut to make you look more qualified, but it’s a gamble with serious consequences. A CareerBuilder study revealed that 75% of recruiters have caught candidates falsifying details, from inflated qualifications to altered employment dates. Even if a lie helps you secure an interview, the truth often emerges during reference checks or on the job, potentially leading to embarrassment or termination.

    Integrity matters. Instead of fabricating achievements, focus on presenting your actual accomplishments and demonstrating a willingness to learn. Honesty builds trust, and employers are more likely to appreciate candidates who are upfront about their experiences and eager to grow. A truthful résumé protects your reputation and sets a strong foundation for professional success.

    Keywords: résumé honesty, avoiding résumé lies, professional integrity, truthful job applications
    Hashtags: #IntegrityMatters #BeHonest #JobSearchEthics

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    15- Exaggerating your skills

    Overstating your abilities may seem like a harmless way to stand out, but it can harm your chances of landing a job. Hyperbolic claims, such as labeling yourself the “top expert” in a field, can come across as boastful and unprofessional. More importantly, if asked to demonstrate these exaggerated skills during an interview or on the job, you risk being exposed. Recruiters value authenticity over embellishment.

    To showcase your skills effectively, use quantifiable achievements and concrete examples. Instead of saying, “I’m the best at sales,” highlight measurable accomplishments like “Exceeded quarterly sales targets by 30% consistently over two years.” Specific, verifiable claims build credibility and demonstrate your value without overstating your abilities.

    Keywords: honest résumé skills, avoiding résumé exaggeration, showcasing achievements, measurable job accomplishments
    Hashtags: #AuthenticRésumé #ShowResults #JobSearchTips

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    Conclusion

    Tailoring your résumé, being truthful, and avoiding exaggerated claims are non-negotiable elements of a professional job application. Recruiters value authenticity and effort, and they can easily spot inconsistencies or generic applications. By customizing your résumé and presenting an honest account of your qualifications and skills, you show respect for the role and increase your chances of moving forward in the hiring process.

    A résumé is more than a list of credentials—it’s a reflection of your character and work ethic. By avoiding these pitfalls, you not only strengthen your application but also build a reputation as a reliable and conscientious professional.

    Keywords: tailored job applications, authentic résumés, recruiter preferences, professional job applications
    Hashtags: #RésuméTips #CareerSuccess #JobSearchStrategies

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    16- Not mentioning specific results

    A résumé that lacks specific results can come across as vague and unconvincing. Employers want to know not only what you did but also the impact of your actions. Quantifiable achievements provide concrete evidence of your abilities and potential value to the organization. For instance, instead of writing, “Managed a sales team,” you could say, “Managed a sales team that increased quarterly revenue by 25% through targeted strategies.” Numbers and measurable results demonstrate your effectiveness and help recruiters visualize your contributions.

    When crafting your résumé, think about metrics like return on investment (ROI), process improvements, or team performance. Did you save your company money? Expand a client base? Win any awards? These specifics distinguish you from other candidates and make your résumé memorable. Employers prioritize results-oriented candidates, so let your accomplishments speak volumes.

    Keywords: specific résumé results, quantifiable achievements, measurable résumé metrics, showcasing success
    Hashtags: #QuantifyYourSuccess #ResultsMatter #CareerTips

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    17- Including the wrong interests/hobbies

    The hobbies section of your résumé is an opportunity to showcase your personality and stand out, but it’s easy to make missteps here. Generic or overly common interests like “reading” or “watching movies” do little to impress recruiters. Worse, controversial hobbies or activities that might alienate potential employers can work against you. To make this section impactful, highlight hobbies that are unique, relevant, or that demonstrate desirable traits like teamwork, leadership, or creativity.

    For instance, volunteering for a local organization shows community involvement, while competitive sports indicate discipline and teamwork. Unusual hobbies, such as rock climbing or playing in a jazz band, can make you memorable and spark a connection with a recruiter who shares your interest. Use this section to humanize your résumé and show you’re a well-rounded individual.

    Keywords: résumé hobbies, unique interests, professional résumé details, showcasing personality
    Hashtags: #WellRoundedCandidate #ProfessionalRésumé #ShowYourPersonality

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    18- Not filling in gaps

    Unexplained gaps in your résumé are a red flag for recruiters. They may interpret these as signs of unreliability or a lack of commitment. Instead of leaving them blank, proactively address gaps with honest and constructive explanations. Whether you took time off for personal development, travel, or caregiving, framing these periods as opportunities for growth can shift the narrative in your favor.

    For example, if you took a gap year, mention how it enhanced your cultural awareness or problem-solving skills. If you were on maternity leave, highlight how the experience honed your time management abilities. Providing context not only mitigates concerns but also shows self-awareness and a willingness to be transparent—qualities employers respect.

    Keywords: résumé gaps, explaining career breaks, addressing employment gaps, résumé transparency
    Hashtags: #AddressGaps #RésuméHonesty #CareerGrowth

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    Conclusion

    The final touches on your résumé—specific achievements, thoughtful interests, and clear explanations of gaps—can elevate it from generic to standout. Details matter, and the way you present them reflects your professionalism and attention to detail. Employers want to see not just a summary of your history but also a demonstration of your character and potential.

    By focusing on measurable results, aligning your interests with the role, and being upfront about career gaps, you create a résumé that’s both comprehensive and compelling. These elements help bridge the gap between you and your dream job, giving recruiters confidence in your application.

    Keywords: standout résumé tips, employer expectations, comprehensive résumé, professional job applications
    Hashtags: #RésuméSuccess #JobSearchStrategies #ProfessionalRésumé

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    19- Leaving off helpful information

    A résumé that omits relevant but seemingly minor details may inadvertently undersell your potential. Many candidates assume that including part-time jobs or volunteer work from their early career isn’t worthwhile. However, these experiences often develop soft skills, such as teamwork, communication, and adaptability—qualities that recruiters value highly. According to a Wonderlic survey, 93% of employers prioritize soft skills as “essential” or “very important.”

    When deciding what to include, think broadly about how each experience might contribute to the role you’re applying for. For example, a retail job during university might demonstrate problem-solving under pressure, while volunteering could reflect leadership and initiative. Omitting such details risks leaving your résumé feeling incomplete or one-dimensional.

    Keywords: soft skills résumé, relevant work experience, comprehensive résumé details, résumé essentials
    Hashtags: #SoftSkillsMatter #RésuméTips #CareerGrowth

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    20- Making it too technical

    Using excessive jargon or overly technical language in your résumé can alienate recruiters who aren’t familiar with your industry. Often, the first review of applications is handled by HR personnel or hiring managers who may not have in-depth knowledge of your field. To ensure clarity, simplify technical terms and provide brief explanations where necessary. For example, instead of stating, “Implemented agile methodologies,” you could say, “Introduced efficient project management processes using agile principles.”

    Additionally, provide context for company names or projects when they aren’t universally recognized. Explaining the significance of a role or organization enhances its impact on your résumé. By avoiding an overly technical tone, you make your achievements more relatable and accessible to a wider audience.

    Keywords: clear résumé language, avoiding technical jargon, accessible résumé writing, effective communication in résumés
    Hashtags: #ClearCommunication #AccessibleRésumé #CareerAdvice

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    21- Including a headshot

    In the U.S., including a headshot on your résumé can work against you rather than in your favor. While standard practice in some countries, in the U.S., 80% of recruiters reject résumés with photos, according to Graduate Land. This stems from concerns about potential bias, as well as the perception that a photo detracts from a focus on qualifications and achievements. Unless you’re in industries like acting or modeling where appearances are integral, avoid including a headshot.

    Instead of a photo, let your skills, experiences, and achievements paint a picture of who you are. A clean, professional design and strong content create the impression of a capable candidate far better than a photograph ever could. Recruiters are far more interested in your qualifications than your appearance.

    Keywords: résumé headshot guidelines, U.S. résumé standards, professional résumé advice, avoiding résumé photos
    Hashtags: #ProfessionalRésumé #NoPhotos #JobSearchTips

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    Conclusion

    Including helpful details, avoiding overly technical language, and leaving off unnecessary elements like headshots are critical to creating a résumé that resonates with recruiters. Thoughtful inclusion of soft skills and early career experiences adds depth, while clear language ensures accessibility. By focusing on content that demonstrates your value, you enhance the clarity and professionalism of your application.

    A résumé is your chance to make a strong impression, so every element should serve a purpose. When you prioritize relevant information and align with regional norms, you create a document that reflects your potential and avoids common missteps.

    Keywords: professional résumé tips, enhancing résumé impact, avoiding résumé mistakes, recruiter-friendly résumés
    Hashtags: #RésuméSuccess #CareerTips #JobApplication

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    22- Using an unprofessional email address

    Your email address is often the first point of contact between you and a potential employer, making it an important detail to get right. A quirky or informal email address like “partyking2020@…” or “catsforever@…” sends the wrong message about your professionalism. Instead, opt for a simple, straightforward format using your first and last name. An email address like “john.doe@…” or “jane_smith@…” reflects a polished and serious candidate.

    Additionally, using a professional email domain, such as Gmail, adds credibility to your contact information. Avoid using outdated domains or those tied to internet providers, as they can appear less modern. A professional email address demonstrates attention to detail and an understanding of workplace norms—qualities recruiters value.

    Keywords: professional email address, résumé email tips, workplace professionalism, modern résumé standards
    Hashtags: #ProfessionalImage #CareerTips #RésuméSuccess

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    23- Poor choice of file name

    Your résumé file name may seem trivial, but it’s another chance to show attention to detail. When recruiters see attachments like “resume_first_draft.docx” or “john_resume_template.pdf,” it suggests a lack of effort and polish. A professional file name like “John_Doe_Resume.pdf” immediately conveys organization and care.

    Be mindful of file extensions and formatting as well. PDFs are typically preferred because they retain formatting across devices and look cleaner than Word documents. These small touches reinforce the impression that you’re a thoughtful and well-prepared candidate. They also ensure your résumé stands out in the recruiter’s inbox for the right reasons.

    Keywords: résumé file name, professional résumé attachments, recruiter-friendly résumé tips, polished job applications
    Hashtags: #RésuméTips #ProfessionalFileNames #CareerAdvice

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    24- Not being cautious with social media

    In today’s digital age, your online presence is an extension of your résumé. If you choose to include social media links, such as LinkedIn or a professional portfolio, ensure they reflect your best self. Recruiters might browse your profiles even if you don’t share them, so take time to review all public content. Inappropriate posts, offensive comments, or unprofessional photos can raise red flags and harm your chances of securing an interview.

    Consider performing a social media audit, deleting or hiding anything that might give the wrong impression. If necessary, adjust your privacy settings to control what potential employers can see. A clean, professional online presence can boost your credibility and demonstrate that you’re a responsible and mature candidate.

    Keywords: professional social media presence, social media audit, LinkedIn for job seekers, online reputation management
    Hashtags: #ProfessionalImage #SocialMediaTips #JobSearchStrategies

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    Conclusion

    Paying attention to details like email addresses, file names, and social media presence can make or break your application. Each of these elements sends a subtle message about your professionalism, organization, and readiness for the workplace. Neglecting these seemingly minor details can lead to missed opportunities.

    Taking the time to refine your résumé’s associated components ensures a cohesive and polished presentation. When recruiters see that every aspect of your application reflects care and professionalism, you position yourself as a top candidate.

    Keywords: résumé details, application refinement, professional résumé presentation, successful job applications
    Hashtags: #RésuméSuccess #AttentionToDetail #JobSearchTips

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    25- Not sending a cover letter

    Neglecting to include a cover letter with your résumé can be a costly oversight. A Careerbuilder survey revealed that 45% of recruiters will disregard an application without one. While your résumé highlights your qualifications and achievements, a cover letter provides the opportunity to elaborate on how your skills align with the specific role. It’s also a chance to demonstrate your enthusiasm and personality, which can make a powerful impression on potential employers.

    A well-crafted cover letter should complement your résumé, not duplicate it. Use it to tell a compelling story about your career journey, explain employment gaps, or highlight experiences that directly relate to the position. By addressing the company and role directly, you show initiative and a genuine interest in the opportunity. Skipping this step risks appearing indifferent or unprepared—qualities no recruiter wants in a candidate.

    Keywords: cover letter importance, personalized job applications, standout job applications, professional cover letter tips
    Hashtags: #CoverLetterTips #JobSearchSuccess #CareerAdvice

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    Conclusion

    Including a well-written cover letter alongside your résumé is essential for a complete and professional job application. This extra step not only showcases your interest and enthusiasm but also allows you to communicate in ways a résumé cannot. Tailoring your cover letter for each position demonstrates your commitment and effort, qualities that resonate strongly with recruiters.

    In a competitive job market, small details make a big difference. By ensuring your cover letter and résumé work together seamlessly, you increase your chances of standing out and securing your dream job.

    Keywords: job application tips, importance of cover letters, professional job application strategies, recruiter preferences
    Hashtags: #JobApplicationTips #ProfessionalismMatters #StandOut

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    Books:

    1. “Recruited: How to Land a Job in 90 Days or Less” by Tony Beshara
      This book offers actionable advice for job seekers, including strategies for crafting compelling résumés and cover letters. It emphasizes the importance of detail and how to stand out in a competitive job market.
    2. “Cover Letter Magic, 4th Ed: Trade Secrets of Professional Resume Writers” by Wendy S. Enelow & Louise M. Kursmark
      A comprehensive guide to writing effective cover letters, with examples and tips on how to tailor your letter to specific job applications.
    3. “The Resume Writing Guide: A Step-by-Step Workbook for Creating a Winning Resume” by Lisa McGrimmon
      This book walks readers through the process of writing a powerful résumé, covering everything from design to content, and explains how to avoid common mistakes.
    4. “Recruited: How to Get Your Resume Past the Automated Screening Process” by Ben Walker
      A resource for job seekers to understand the role of applicant tracking systems (ATS) and how to write résumés that can get past digital screening tools and into human hands.

    Articles:

    1. “Why a Good Résumé Is So Important to Your Job Search” by The Balance Careers
      This article discusses how recruiters evaluate résumés and why certain mistakes can lead to rejection. It also includes tips for making your résumé stand out.
    2. “Common Resume Mistakes and How to Avoid Them” by Forbes
      A detailed article outlining the most frequent résumé errors and offering advice on how to avoid them in order to impress hiring managers.
    3. “What Recruiters Really Want to See in a Résumé” by Glassdoor
      An in-depth look at the key elements recruiters look for in résumés, including formatting, content, and the importance of tailoring applications.

    Websites:

    1. CareerBuilder
      CareerBuilder provides multiple resources, including surveys and studies on recruitment trends, tips for résumé writing, and insights into what recruiters are looking for. (www.careerbuilder.com)
    2. Indeed Career Guide
      Indeed’s guide covers all aspects of résumé writing, from formatting to showcasing achievements and avoiding common mistakes. The site also offers sample résumés and cover letters. (www.indeed.com)
    3. The Muse
      The Muse offers expert advice and practical tips on résumé building, job applications, and interviewing, often including advice from HR professionals and hiring managers. (www.themuse.com)

    Studies:

    1. Ladders Inc. Eye Tracking Study
      A study by Ladders Inc. that found recruiters spend only seven seconds scanning a résumé, emphasizing the importance of creating a clear, concise, and impactful document. (www.ladders.com)
    2. Wichita State University Study on Résumé Fonts
      A study that explored how certain fonts on résumés were perceived by recruiters, shedding light on how typography affects a résumé’s readability and overall impression.

    Journals:

    1. Journal of Applied Psychology
    • This journal often features articles related to human resources practices, including research on résumés, cover letters, and recruitment processes.
    1. Journal of Business and Psychology
    • This journal covers research on professional behaviors, including resume writing strategies and how they affect job search success.

    These sources offer a range of insights into the art of résumé writing and the expectations of hiring professionals. For a deeper understanding, reading these books and articles will provide valuable knowledge on how to create an effective résumé and avoid the most common mistakes.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • 11 Phrases Men Use When They’re In A Relationship But Already Emotionally Gone

    11 Phrases Men Use When They’re In A Relationship But Already Emotionally Gone

    When emotional detachment sets in, it rarely knocks on the door—it slips in silently, often disguised as casual phrases that are easy to overlook. You might hear a string of words that sound innocent, even reasonable, but they carry the heavy weight of emotional withdrawal. These phrases are often repeated not out of care, but out of habit—or worse, indifference.

    In emotionally disconnected relationships, communication turns into a minefield. Words lose warmth and take on a defensive or dismissive tone. While one partner may still be investing emotionally, the other might already be halfway out the door—emotionally if not physically. The most telling signs aren’t found in grand declarations but in these seemingly minor, recurring statements that communicate distance more than devotion.

    Experts like Dr. John Gottman, renowned for his work on marital stability, have long emphasized that the subtle cues in communication often predict a relationship’s decline. From a psychological standpoint, the absence of emotional responsiveness—what attachment theorists call emotional attunement—is a major red flag. These phrases, as you’ll see, are not just slips of the tongue; they’re signs of a fading emotional presence. Understanding them is the first step toward clarity and, ultimately, healing.


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    1- I’m just tired

    This phrase is a common deflection, especially when repeated over time without genuine engagement afterward. While exhaustion is a part of life, using it as a shield to avoid emotional intimacy is another matter entirely. When a man frequently says “I’m just tired” in response to relationship concerns, it can signal more than fatigue—it suggests he’s no longer interested in showing up emotionally. The fatigue becomes a convenient smokescreen for disengagement.

    According to The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work by Dr. John Gottman, emotional presence is a predictor of relationship longevity. If your partner always seems “too tired” to talk, connect, or participate in shared activities, that weariness might actually be emotional detachment. Instead of reaching toward you, he retreats into silence, and the relationship begins to run on empty.


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    2- Do we have to talk about this now?

    This question is a classic tactic to delay or completely avoid emotional accountability. While timing can be important in sensitive conversations, consistently brushing off discussions implies a lack of interest in resolving emotional tensions. Over time, this phrase becomes a barrier to intimacy, suggesting that emotional labor is a burden rather than a priority.

    Psychologist Harriet Lerner, in her book The Dance of Connection, notes that avoidance is often a strategy used by emotionally distant individuals to preserve the illusion of peace. But this false peace often masks deep emotional estrangement. If your partner frequently asks to postpone important conversations—and never circles back—it’s a sign that the connection is unraveling.


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    3- You’re overthinking it

    This phrase can be deeply invalidating. It implies that your emotional reactions are irrational or exaggerated, effectively shutting down your feelings rather than engaging with them. Over time, this can leave one partner feeling isolated and gaslit, questioning their own instincts and emotional experiences.

    Dr. Brene Brown, known for her research on vulnerability, points out that “empathy has no script.” When someone tells you you’re overthinking, they often lack the desire—or the capacity—to sit with your discomfort. Instead of offering understanding, they invalidate your emotional reality, a hallmark of someone who is emotionally checked out.


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    4- That’s just who I am

    This phrase often disguises an unwillingness to grow or compromise. It reflects a static mindset and suggests that emotional effort is off the table. When a man says this repeatedly, he may be communicating that he’s not only uninterested in change—but also uninterested in meeting your emotional needs.

    In Mindset by Carol Dweck, the concept of fixed vs. growth mindset is central. People who default to “that’s just who I am” tend to resist feedback, especially in intimate relationships. When this mindset is coupled with emotional absence, it becomes a subtle exit strategy from mutual investment in the relationship.


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    5- I don’t know what you want from me

    This phrase signals emotional confusion at best and emotional detachment at worst. It reveals a disconnect from your needs and a resistance to even trying to understand them. Repeated often, it leaves the other partner feeling unseen, unheard, and emotionally stranded.

    As Esther Perel notes in Mating in Captivity, couples often struggle not because of a lack of love, but because of a lack of presence. When one partner disengages from understanding the other’s emotional world, intimacy suffers. This phrase becomes an expression of that disengagement—emotionally he’s already left the room.


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    6- I never asked you to do that

    Used defensively, this phrase undermines the value of effort and sacrifice in the relationship. It dismisses acts of love and support as irrelevant, even burdensome. Over time, it breeds resentment, particularly when one partner has given more than their fair share emotionally.

    In Attached by Amir Levine and Rachel Heller, the authors explain how emotionally avoidant individuals often minimize their partner’s efforts in order to reduce feelings of dependence. By saying, “I never asked you to do that,” the speaker absolves themselves of emotional reciprocity, a clear marker of detachment.


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    7- I have a lot on my mind

    While everyone deals with stress, using it as a consistent excuse to emotionally withdraw is another story. This phrase often serves as a buffer to avoid deeper emotional discussions. It becomes a code for “I don’t want to talk about us.”

    Dr. Sue Johnson, creator of Emotionally Focused Therapy, argues in Hold Me Tight that people often mask emotional withdrawal with busyness. Stress is real, but when it consistently replaces connection, it’s a sign that emotional priorities have shifted—away from the relationship.


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    8- I just want peace

    At first glance, this seems reasonable—even noble. But when it’s used to shut down conflict or honest conversations, it becomes a euphemism for emotional abandonment. Real peace doesn’t come from avoiding discomfort; it comes from working through it.

    As bell hooks writes in All About Love, “Conflict is a necessary component of any deep relationship.” A man who repeatedly uses this phrase might not be seeking peace, but rather comfort in emotional disconnection. He’s not interested in building a better relationship—he just wants out of the hard parts.


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    9- I’m here, aren’t I?

    This phrase reeks of performative presence. Physically being in the room doesn’t equate to emotional availability. When a man says this, he’s essentially saying that presence alone should be enough, even if he’s emotionally unavailable or disengaged.

    In The Relationship Cure, Dr. John Gottman emphasizes the difference between physical presence and emotional attunement. “I’m here” becomes a hollow declaration when there’s no empathy, engagement, or care. It’s like being in a room with a ghost—you see them, but they’re not really with you.


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    10- You deserve better

    On the surface, this phrase may appear selfless, but it often masks emotional detachment and guilt. Rather than investing in making the relationship work, the speaker is already stepping back and offering a subtle out. It’s not an invitation to connect—it’s a warning sign.

    Dr. Stan Tatkin, author of Wired for Love, describes how some people use this phrase when they no longer feel committed but are too conflict-averse to break things off directly. It can feel like compassion, but it’s actually a passive exit strategy.


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    11- Do whatever you want

    This statement screams emotional withdrawal. It communicates indifference, not freedom. Rather than being a gesture of trust, it often marks the absence of care. The speaker is no longer interested in decisions, compromises, or shared outcomes.

    In Passionate Marriage, Dr. David Schnarch explains that disengagement often takes the form of false autonomy—where one partner pulls away under the guise of giving the other space. But “do whatever you want” is less about empowerment and more about emotional surrender. It’s the sound of someone who has already left—emotionally, if not physically.


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    Conclusion

    Emotional withdrawal in relationships rarely begins with silence—it starts with words that distance rather than connect. These phrases, while often subtle or easily dismissed, carry the unmistakable tone of detachment. They’re not about tiredness or stress; they’re about a deeper disinterest in showing up for the relationship emotionally. Recognizing these signs is not about placing blame but about gaining clarity.

    Scholars like Dr. John Gottman and Esther Perel have long warned that the real damage in relationships comes not from grand betrayals but from the slow erosion of emotional presence. When these phrases become frequent visitors in your daily life, it’s worth asking whether your relationship is thriving—or simply surviving. Emotional absence is as impactful as physical absence, and often harder to confront.

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    Understanding these subtle signals can empower you to make informed decisions—whether that means addressing the growing chasm with compassion and curiosity or choosing to walk away for your own emotional well-being. In either case, awareness is your first act of self-care.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Agreement

    Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Agreement

    Following a Hamas attack on Israel in October 2023, a protracted conflict ensued, resulting in significant casualties on both sides. A US-brokered ceasefire agreement was eventually reached in January 2024, involving a phased release of Israeli hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners and a gradual Israeli withdrawal from parts of Gaza. The agreement sparked mixed reactions, with celebrations in both Israel and Gaza, despite ongoing disagreements within the Israeli government regarding the terms. The long-term implications for regional stability and the two-state solution remain uncertain.

    The Israeli-Hamas Conflict: A Study Guide

    Quiz

    Instructions: Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each, based on the provided text.

    1. What event triggered Israel’s military actions in Gaza?
    2. What were the primary objectives of Hamas and Israel in the recent negotiations?
    3. According to the text, who oversaw the peace negotiations that led to the ceasefire agreement?
    4. What are the three main phases of the ceasefire agreement described in the text?
    5. What are some key provisions of the first phase of the ceasefire agreement?
    6. What is the Philadelphia Corridor, and what is Israel’s commitment regarding this area in the ceasefire?
    7. How many Palestinian prisoners will be released in the first phase of the agreement, according to the text?
    8. What is the text’s opinion of the long-term consequences of October 7, 2023 on the two-state solution?
    9. What position did Trump take regarding the hostages in the text?
    10. Besides the US, which other countries or international bodies are credited for their involvement in the ceasefire agreement in the text?

    Answer Key

    1. Israel’s military actions in Gaza were triggered by the October 7, 2023, Hamas infiltration of Israel, where 1,200 civilians were killed, and around 250 hostages were taken. This attack led Israel to enter Gaza, aiming to eliminate the terrorists involved.
    2. Hamas’s primary objective in the negotiations was to maintain their status and have more prisoners released, while Israel’s main goal was to secure the release of their hostages. These two goals were key motivations during the negotiations.
    3. The peace negotiations that led to the ceasefire agreement were overseen by the United States, Egypt, and Qatar. Their combined efforts helped to bring the different parties to the table and reach a deal.
    4. The ceasefire agreement has three phases. The first phase involves a six-week ceasefire and the exchange of hostages and prisoners. Further phases were hinted to include the return of bodies and future negotiations on full Israeli evacuation.
    5. In the first phase of the agreement, Israel will release 2,000 Palestinian prisoners in exchange for 33 Israeli hostages. Additionally, humanitarian aid will be allowed into Gaza, and the Philadelphia Corridor will be gradually evacuated by Israeli forces.
    6. The Philadelphia Corridor is the border area between Egypt and Gaza. Under the ceasefire agreement, Israel is committed to gradually withdrawing its forces from this area, a key part of the de-escalation effort.
    7. According to the text, 2,000 Palestinian prisoners will be released in the first phase of the ceasefire agreement. In return, Hamas will release 33 Israeli hostages during the initial exchange.
    8. The text suggests that the October 7th attacks and subsequent conflict have eradicated any trust between Israelis and Palestinians. Additionally, it suggests that the two-state solution is no longer viable and has been rendered obsolete.
    9. Trump took a firm stance, threatening Hamas before taking office that they would make the region hell for them, and demanding the immediate release of hostages. This stance put pressure on the current negotiations.
    10. Besides the US, other key players credited with involvement in the ceasefire agreement include Egypt, Qatar, the United Nations, the European Union, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia.

    Essay Questions

    Instructions: Address the following prompts with a well-structured essay. Please be sure to use the text to support your argument.

    1. Analyze the impact of the October 7th attack on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, according to the text. How did it reshape the political landscape and perspectives of both sides?
    2. Compare and contrast the negotiating positions and objectives of both Hamas and Israel during the recent ceasefire talks as described in the text. How did these objectives impact the negotiation process and eventual agreement?
    3. Evaluate the role of international actors, including the United States, Egypt, and Qatar, in brokering the ceasefire agreement as shown in the text. How did they contribute to the negotiations and the implementation of the agreement?
    4. Examine the long-term implications of the recent conflict and ceasefire on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and peace process, according to the text. What challenges remain, and what future developments might be expected?
    5. Discuss the domestic challenges that Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu faced with the ceasefire agreement based on the text. How were these challenges reflected in Israeli politics and public opinion?

    Glossary of Key Terms

    Hamas: A Palestinian Sunni-Islamist fundamentalist organization. It has been the de facto governing authority of the Gaza Strip since its victory in the 2006 Palestinian elections.

    Ceasefire: A temporary suspension of fighting, typically an agreement between the warring parties.

    Hostage: A person or entity held against their will as a means of exerting pressure.

    Philadelphia Corridor: The narrow strip of land along the border between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, a sensitive area in terms of security and border control.

    Two-State Solution: A proposed framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by creating two separate states, one for Israelis and one for Palestinians.

    Non-Combatant: A person not engaged in fighting. Ganjanabad: An unidentified specific area within Gaza mentioned in the ceasefire text. Tora Bora: A reference to the mountainous terrain along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border known for caves and being difficult to invade. Yom Kippur: A Jewish holiday of atonement

    Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Agreement: Analysis and Implications

    Okay, here’s a briefing document summarizing the key themes and information from the provided text:

    Briefing Document: Analysis of Recent Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Agreement

    Date: October 26, 2023

    Subject: Analysis of the recent Israel-Hamas ceasefire agreement, its context, key terms, and broader implications.

    1. Background: The October 7th Attack and its Aftermath

    • Hamas Attack: The conflict was triggered by a Hamas attack on October 7, 2023, during which approximately 1200 Israelis and individuals of other nationalities were killed. This attack took place on Yom Kippur.
    • Quote: “…on October 7, 2023 Hamas infiltrated inside Israel and brutally killed 1200 peaceful and innocent citizens of Israelis and other nationalities…”
    • Hostage Situation: Hamas kidnapped approximately 250 non-combatant Jews, including children, elderly individuals, and women, and took them to Gaza.
    • Quote: “…two and a half hundred Non-Combatant Jews. Israel was kidnapped and taken with them to Gaza, including children, old and young women.”
    • Israeli Response: In response to the attack, Israel launched a military operation in Gaza, targeting Hamas militants. This resulted in a significant number of Palestinian casualties. The source states that there have been 4,440 deaths and 1.5 million wounded. Israeli estimates suggest approximately 17,000 Hamas militants have been killed.
    • Quote: “…Israel entered into Gaza, where it was searching and selecting the terrorists who attacked it, and killed it. Thousands of innocent Palestinian Arabs were also facing death in the war environment and apathy…”
    • Gaza Devastation: The military action caused significant damage and destruction in Gaza. The source refers to Israel turning Gaza into a “Tora Bora” implying it has been severely damaged.

    2. The Ceasefire Agreement

    • Negotiations: Negotiations facilitated by the US, Egypt, and Qatar in Doha led to a ceasefire agreement.
    • Quote: “So, here too, the Biden administration had put the tone of negotiations in Doha, which have finally proved to be fruitful.”
    • Ceasefire Date: The ceasefire began on Sunday, January 19th.
    • Quote: “A deal or peace agreement has been reached under the supervision of the United States, Egypt and Qatar, under which there is a ceasefire in the fractions from Sunday, January 19.”
    • Three-Phase Structure: The agreement is structured in three phases. The first phase is a six-week ceasefire.
    • Quote: “There are three phases or phases of the agreement. The first phase will be a six-week ceasefire…”
    • Hostage/Prisoner Exchange (Phase 1): Israel will release 2,000 Palestinian prisoners (including 250 from Hamas) in exchange for 33 Israeli hostages. These hostages are to include the elderly, children, sick, injured and women.
    • Quote: “The first phase will be a six-week ceasefire, in which Israel will release 2,000 Palestinian prisoners in exchange for 33 Israeli hostages, including two and a half hundred Palestinians from Hamas…”
    • Israeli Withdrawal and Aid Access: Israeli forces will gradually withdraw from the Philadelphia Corridor and parts of Gaza, allowing for increased aid to flow into Gaza via the Rafah crossing. The withdrawal will not include a buffer zone of 800 meters on the east side of Gaza.
    • Quote: “Israeli forces will also gradually exit the Philadelphia Corridor on the border between Egypt and Gaza and will also evacuate the Ganjanabad areas of Gaza.”
    • Future Hostage Release & Body Return: The next phase of the agreement will include the return of 34 dead hostages to Israel. Further hostage releases will only occur based on the progress of Israeli evacuation.

    3. Key Players & Their Perspectives

    • US Role: The Biden administration is credited with orchestrating the negotiations. It is also implied that Trump’s statement made him a key player in pushing for the release of the hostages.
    • Quote: “…Joe Biden is also leaving almost the same days later with the credit that he finally released the Israeli hostages.”
    • Netanyahu’s Challenges: Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu faces challenges from his right-wing coalition partners who view the phased hostage release as a compromise that undermines Israel’s gains in the conflict. He is also pressured by the families of hostages and the general public to bring them home.
    • Quote: “Israeli Prime Minister Netan on this issue. Yahoo is facing hardships from his right wing allies particularly the Minister of National Security and the Minister of Finance who are arguing that the achievements we gained from a fifteen month struggle are being sabotaged by putting hostage release in phases.”
    • Hamas’ Goals: Hamas aimed to maintain their position of power and secure the release of their members from Israeli prisons.
    • Quote: “…where Hamas’s full focus was on the order that its former status should remain intact in the future setup and its More attacking prisoners should be released…”

    4. Implications and Broader Context

    • Celebration of Victory: Both sides (Tel Aviv and Gaza) are celebrating the ceasefire. It is stated that the Israeli side sees this as a way to secure the release of the hostages and to keep future attacks from occurring. The rationale behind Hamas celebrating is not as obvious from this source.
    • Quote: “What is interesting is that Tel Aviv and Gaza have celebrated their respective victories in both places.”
    • Reconstruction of Gaza: The EU has pledged significant funds for the reconstruction of Gaza.
    • Shift in Israeli-Palestinian Relations: The source suggests that the events of October 7th have eradicated Israeli trust in Palestinians. The article states that, “The confidence Israel has on Palestinians in 2005. What was it? Thanks to the consequential action of October 7th, it has been completely and permanently eradicated.”
    • Quote: “The two state ideology has come to an end.”
    • Regional Tensions: The source hints at potential future conflicts, suggesting that Iran will be targeted in the future along with proxies.
    • Quote: “In Lebanon and Syria, they have eliminated Iranian proxies and made it worse to a great extent. Yemeni Houthi rebels are also going to be Israel’s target in the future.”

    5. Key Takeaways

    • The ceasefire is a significant development but is also fragile, given the differing perspectives and long-term goals of the parties involved.
    • The hostage release is a complex issue, both for the Israeli government and for the individuals that are being released.
    • The conflict has had severe consequences for both Israelis and Palestinians, with significant loss of life and displacement.
    • The future of the region remains uncertain, with the potential for further conflict and instability.

    This briefing document provides a comprehensive overview of the situation based on the provided source. However, please keep in mind that this is only one source and further research and analysis are needed for a complete understanding.

    Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Agreement: Terms, Implications, and Challenges

    Frequently Asked Questions

    1. What events led to the recent ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas?
    2. The ceasefire agreement was reached after a series of events that began with Hamas infiltrating Israel on October 7, 2023, killing approximately 1,200 people and taking around 250 hostages, including children, elderly, and women. This led to a significant Israeli military response in Gaza, resulting in thousands of Palestinian deaths and injuries, as well as the destruction of infrastructure. Intense negotiations, primarily in Doha, involving the US, Egypt, and Qatar, eventually led to the ceasefire deal. The initial conflict was triggered by Hamas’ attack during the Yom Kippur celebrations, where they kidnapped a significant number of non-combatant Jews.
    3. What are the key terms of the ceasefire agreement?
    4. The agreement outlines a phased ceasefire. The first phase involves a six-week ceasefire, where Israel will release 2,000 Palestinian prisoners in exchange for 33 Israeli hostages held by Hamas. Israel will also gradually withdraw from the Philadelphia Corridor on the border with Egypt and some areas within Gaza, while maintaining a buffer zone on the eastern border of Gaza. The Rafah border crossing with Egypt will be opened to allow aid, medical supplies, and fuel into Gaza. Arrangements will also be made for the treatment of injured Palestinians abroad. There are further stages for the release of additional hostages and the return of bodies of those killed.
    5. How many hostages are expected to be released in the initial phase, and what is the exchange?
    6. In the initial six-week phase, Hamas is expected to release 33 Israeli hostages, including children, elderly, injured, sick and women. In return, Israel will release 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including some Hamas members who have been convicted of terrorist activities in Israeli courts. There is also an agreement that the bodies of 34 deceased hostages will be returned in a later phase.
    7. What is the significance of the Philadelphia Corridor and the buffer zone?
    8. The Philadelphia Corridor is the border area between Egypt and Gaza. Under the agreement, Israeli forces will gradually withdraw from this area, however, Israeli forces will be present in an 800-meter wide buffer zone on the east side of Gaza. The withdrawal and buffer zone are part of efforts to de-escalate the conflict and to facilitate the passage of humanitarian aid from Egypt into Gaza.
    9. What is the role of the international community in this agreement?
    10. The international community, including the United Nations Secretary-General, the European Union, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, have all welcomed the ceasefire. The European Union has also announced substantial funding for the reconstruction of Gaza. These international stakeholders played a critical role in facilitating the negotiation and reaching the agreement. The USA, Qatar and Egypt were the main players in brokering the deal.
    11. What are the differing views and challenges surrounding the ceasefire agreement within Israel?
    12. While there is broad public support in Israel for the return of hostages, there is also political opposition to the terms of the deal. Right-wing politicians, such as the Minister of National Security and the Minister of Finance, argue that the achievements made by Israel during the fifteen-month conflict are being undermined by the phased release of hostages. There is also the argument that releasing 50 Hamas fighters for every hostage is unacceptable and that Israel’s military achievements are being undermined. Prime Minister Netanyahu also faces pressure from the families of hostages as well as the general public to secure the release of the remaining hostages at any cost.
    13. What are the future implications of this conflict for the relationship between Israel and Palestinians?
    14. The conflict has fundamentally eroded any trust between Israelis and Palestinians. The violence of October 7th and the subsequent military campaign by Israel has led to significant loss of life and devastation, deepening distrust and animosity. This has severely damaged prospects for a two-state solution. With Israel set to manage Hamas and its governance in Gaza after releasing its hostages, the future relationship between Palestinians and Israelis remains uncertain and is likely to be fraught with tension.
    15. How does this situation relate to US and Iranian geopolitical dynamics?
    16. The article indicates that, in addition to his statements regarding the hostage situation, the US President Joe Biden indicated plans to “eliminate Iranian proxies” in the region and make matters worse for them. There is also mention of Yemeni Houthi rebels being a potential target for Israel in the future. This suggests that the US and Israel are working to counteract Iranian influence in the Middle East, adding a layer of complexity to the regional conflicts. The article also draws a parallel between the hostage release situation and a similar situation during President Carter’s presidency, implying that it’s a significant foreign policy achievement for the current US administration.

    The 2023 Israel-Hamas Conflict: A Ceasefire Agreement

    The Israel-Hamas conflict began when Hamas infiltrated Israel on October 7, 2023, killing 1,200 people and taking approximately 250 hostages [1]. In response, Israel launched an attack on Gaza, targeting Hamas [1].

    Key aspects of the conflict:

    • Casualties: Thousands of Palestinians, including women and children, have died, and over 1.5 million have been wounded [1]. Israel claims to have killed 17,000 Hamas-linked terrorists [1].
    • Hostages: Hamas took approximately 250 hostages to Gaza [1]. A deal has been reached for the release of 33 Israeli hostages in the first phase of a ceasefire agreement [2, 3]. 34 hostages have reportedly died [3].
    • Ceasefire: A ceasefire agreement was reached under the supervision of the US, Egypt, and Qatar [2]. The agreement has three phases, the first being a six-week ceasefire [2].
    • Prisoner Exchange: In the first phase of the agreement, Israel will release 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including 250 Hamas members, in exchange for 33 Israeli hostages [2].
    • Israeli Withdrawal: Israeli forces will gradually exit the Philadelphia Corridor and areas of Gaza [4]. However, they will remain in a buffer zone along the east side of Gaza [4].
    • Aid: The Rafah border crossing between Egypt and Gaza will be opened to allow aid and medical supplies into Gaza [4]. Arrangements will be made for the return of Palestinians to their homes [4].
    • Reconstruction: The European Union has announced funds for the reconstruction of Gaza [3].
    • Political Tensions: Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu is facing pressure from his right-wing allies regarding the phased hostage release [3].

    Other points to consider:

    • Donald Trump threatened Hamas before taking office [1].
    • The Biden administration put negotiations in place in Doha, which ultimately led to a peace agreement [2].
    • The conflict has seemingly ended the two-state ideology and Israel intends to manage Hamas [5].
    • The conflict is impacting Israel’s relations with other countries and has created a humanitarian crisis for people in Gaza [3, 4].

    Israel-Hamas Hostage Exchange

    The hostage release is a central component of the ceasefire agreement in the Israel-Hamas conflict, involving a phased exchange of prisoners and hostages [1].

    Key details of the hostage release:

    • Initial Hostage Situation: Hamas took approximately 250 Israeli hostages, including children, the elderly, and women, during their attack on October 7, 2023 [2].
    • Negotiated Release: A deal was reached under the supervision of the United States, Egypt, and Qatar, leading to a phased release of hostages [1].
    • First Phase: In the first phase of the agreement, a six-week ceasefire will take place during which Israel will release 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including 250 Hamas members, in exchange for 33 Israeli hostages [1].
    • Additional Hostages: 34 hostages are reported to have been killed and their bodies will be returned in a later phase [3]. Hamas will hold additional hostages until the next phase of negotiations contingent on Israeli evacuation [3].
    • Types of Hostages: The hostages being released in the first phase include children, the elderly, injured, sick and women [3]. The hostages are non-combatants [3].
    • Political Pressure: Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu is facing pressure from his right-wing allies, who are critical of the phased hostage release [3]. These allies argue that the achievements gained from a fifteen-month struggle are being undermined by the phased approach [3].
    • Public Pressure: Netanyahu is also under pressure from the families of the hostages and the general Israeli public to bring the hostages home at any cost [3].
    • Comparison to Past Hostage Situations: The situation of the Israeli hostages is being compared to that of the 52 American diplomats who were released from Iran by Carter on the last day of his presidency [3].
    • Trump’s Involvement: Prior to the agreement, Donald Trump had threatened Hamas if they did not release the hostages before he took office [2]. He also publicly thanked the parties involved in reaching the deal [3].
    • Celebrations: While the Israelis have celebrated the release of their hostages, the reasons for Hamas celebrating are unclear [3, 4].

    Gaza Ceasefire Agreement: A Phased Approach

    The Gaza ceasefire is a significant development in the Israel-Hamas conflict, reached through negotiations involving the United States, Egypt, and Qatar [1]. This agreement includes a phased approach, with the initial phase focusing on a six-week ceasefire [1].

    Key aspects of the ceasefire agreement:

    • Negotiated by: The agreement was reached under the supervision of the United States, Egypt, and Qatar [1].
    • Ceasefire: The ceasefire is implemented in phases, starting with a six-week period [1].
    • Prisoner Exchange: As part of the agreement, Israel will release 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including 250 Hamas members, in exchange for 33 Israeli hostages [1].
    • Israeli Withdrawal: Israeli forces will gradually exit the Philadelphia Corridor on the border between Egypt and Gaza, as well as the Ganjanabad areas of Gaza. However, Israeli forces will maintain a presence in an 800-meter wide buffer zone on the east side of Gaza [2].
    • Aid: The Rafah border crossing between Egypt and Gaza will be opened, allowing 600 trucks of aid and medical equipment into Gaza. Fuel tankers will also be allowed to enter. Injured Palestinians will be permitted to go abroad for treatment, and arrangements will be made for the return of Palestinians to their homes [2].
    • Hostage Release: Hamas has agreed to release 33 out of 94 hostages in the first phase of the ceasefire. The hostages include children, the elderly, injured, sick, and women. It is also reported that 34 hostages have died, and their bodies will be returned in the next phase. Hamas will hold other hostages until the next phase of negotiations, which is contingent upon Israeli evacuation [3].
    • Reconstruction: The European Union has announced it will provide funds for the reconstruction of Gaza [3].
    • Celebrations: Tel Aviv and Gaza have both celebrated their respective victories following the ceasefire agreement [3].
    • Political Tensions: The phased approach of the hostage release is causing tension within the Israeli government, with right-wing allies of Prime Minister Netanyahu expressing concern that the agreement undermines Israel’s military achievements. The agreement has caused a delay in cabinet approval due to these tensions [3].
    • Trump’s Role: Former US President Donald Trump had threatened Hamas before the agreement, warning that if they did not release the hostages before he took office they would make the region “hell” for them [3, 4].
    • Biden’s Role: The Biden administration put negotiations in place in Doha, which ultimately led to the ceasefire agreement [1].

    Other points to consider:

    • The ceasefire agreement also addresses the issue of hostages taken by Hamas. The first phase of the agreement involves a release of 33 hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners [1, 3].
    • The ceasefire agreement includes the provision of humanitarian aid to Gaza and the return of Palestinian residents [2].
    • The agreement is being viewed as a significant achievement for the Biden administration [3].
    • The long-term effects of the ceasefire on the region and on the relationship between Israel and Hamas remains to be seen [5].

    Biden Administration’s Role in Israel-Hamas Ceasefire

    The Biden administration played a crucial role in the recent ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas [1]. Here’s a breakdown of their involvement:

    • Negotiations: The Biden administration initiated and structured negotiations in Doha, which ultimately led to the ceasefire agreement [1, 2]. This indicates a proactive approach by the administration in seeking a resolution to the conflict.
    • Supervision of Agreement: The United States, along with Egypt and Qatar, supervised the negotiation process and the resulting peace agreement [2]. This highlights the Biden administration’s commitment to ensuring the implementation of the agreement and is suggestive of the USA’s role as an international peace broker.
    • Ceasefire Terms: The agreement, facilitated by the Biden administration, includes a phased ceasefire, with the initial phase being a six-week cessation of hostilities [2]. This initial phase also includes the release of 33 Israeli hostages in exchange for 2,000 Palestinian prisoners [2].
    • Hostage Release: The Biden administration is taking credit for the release of Israeli hostages [3]. This situation is being compared to that of the 52 American diplomats released from Iran during the Carter administration, and it is noted that President Biden is leaving almost the same days later, with the credit of having finally released the Israeli hostages [3].
    • Aid and Reconstruction: As part of the agreement, the Biden administration has helped facilitate the opening of the Rafah border crossing to allow aid and medical supplies into Gaza. The European Union has also announced its intention to provide funds for the reconstruction of Gaza [3, 4].
    • Contrast with Trump: The text notes that President Trump had threatened Hamas if they did not release the hostages, before he took office, and this is in contrast to the actions of the Biden administration [1, 3]. The Biden administration is credited with creating the negotiation environment for peace, and President Trump is credited with publicly thanking the parties involved in reaching the deal [3].

    In summary, the Biden administration has been instrumental in bringing about the ceasefire and hostage release agreement, taking a lead role in negotiations, and securing a phased approach to the implementation of the agreement [1-3].

    Israel-Hamas Conflict and Ceasefire

    The sources and our conversation history describe the complex situation in the Middle East, particularly focusing on the recent conflict between Israel and Hamas and the subsequent ceasefire agreement. While the sources do not provide a comprehensive overview of all peace efforts in the Middle East, they do highlight key aspects of the current situation and recent attempts at achieving peace.

    Here’s a discussion of Middle East peace, based on the provided information:

    • Recent Conflict and Ceasefire: The current discussion revolves around the conflict initiated by Hamas on October 7, 2023, which led to significant casualties and hostage situations [1]. A ceasefire agreement was reached under the supervision of the United States, Egypt, and Qatar [2]. This agreement includes a phased approach, beginning with a six-week ceasefire [2].
    • Key Elements of the Ceasefire Agreement:
    • Hostage Release: The agreement includes the release of 33 Israeli hostages in exchange for 2,000 Palestinian prisoners [2].
    • Israeli Withdrawal: Israeli forces will gradually withdraw from certain areas of Gaza but will remain in a buffer zone [3].
    • Aid to Gaza: The Rafah border crossing will be opened to allow aid and medical equipment into Gaza [3].
    • Reconstruction: The European Union has pledged funds for the reconstruction of Gaza [4].
    • The Biden Administration’s Role: The Biden administration played a crucial role in the negotiations, setting the stage for the peace agreement in Doha [1, 2]. The administration is taking credit for the successful release of the Israeli hostages [4]. This is being compared to the release of American diplomats from Iran during the Carter administration, highlighting the significance of the achievement [4].
    • Political Tensions: The agreement has caused political tensions within Israel, with right-wing allies of Prime Minister Netanyahu criticizing the phased hostage release [4]. This highlights the complexities of achieving peace when different factions have divergent priorities [4].
    • Hamas’s Objectives: According to the sources, Hamas’s focus during negotiations was on maintaining its status and securing the release of its prisoners [4]. This indicates the importance of addressing the core concerns of all parties involved in a conflict to achieve long lasting peace [4].
    • Impact on the Two-State Solution: The conflict has had significant impact on the future of the region. It has been reported that the two-state ideology has come to an end, and Israel plans to manage Hamas after the release of its hostages [5].
    • Long-Term Outlook: While the current ceasefire agreement is a significant step, the long-term effects on the region and the relationship between Israel and Hamas are yet to be seen [1, 5]. The text indicates that the confidence Israel had in Palestinians in 2005 is completely and permanently eradicated [5]. There are also indications that Israel may target Iranian proxies and Yemeni Houthi rebels in the future [5].

    In summary, the sources detail recent events and efforts towards peace, specifically focusing on the Israel-Hamas conflict and the resulting ceasefire agreement. These events reveal the complexities and challenges involved in achieving peace in the Middle East and highlight the significance of international cooperation in conflict resolution.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • How To Become A Virtual Assistant With No Experience

    How To Become A Virtual Assistant With No Experience

    In an increasingly digital world, the demand for virtual assistants has skyrocketed—and it’s showing no signs of slowing down. More and more companies are outsourcing administrative and specialized tasks to remote professionals, creating a golden opportunity for newcomers with the right mindset. You don’t need years of experience or a corporate background to get started—just a strategic approach and a willingness to learn.

    The beauty of becoming a virtual assistant lies in the flexibility it offers: whether you’re a stay-at-home parent, a recent graduate, or someone seeking a career change, this field offers low barriers to entry and a high ceiling for growth. According to The 4-Hour Workweek by Timothy Ferriss, outsourcing and automation are not only trends but essential tools in building a lean and efficient career. The same logic applies to those providing the services.

    With access to countless online resources, mentorship opportunities, and client-hunting platforms, aspiring virtual assistants can begin their journey almost immediately. As management consultant Peter Drucker once said, “The best way to predict the future is to create it.” Let this guide be your blueprint for stepping confidently into the world of virtual assistance—even without prior experience.


    1- Virtual assistants are in hot demand

    The global market has shifted drastically in favor of remote work, and virtual assistants (VAs) have become indispensable to businesses of all sizes. From solopreneurs to large corporations, the need for administrative, technical, and creative support has opened doors for VAs around the world. In fact, a report by Statista predicts that the freelance economy—including virtual assistance—will only grow more prominent in the coming years.

    As businesses cut overhead and move operations online, they seek flexible, cost-effective help. Virtual assistants meet that need perfectly, offering scalable services without the commitment of full-time employment. This shift presents a ripe opportunity for newcomers to enter the field with confidence, backed by the booming demand.


    2- Market relevant experience differently

    You don’t need direct experience as a virtual assistant to prove your value. Skills from unrelated fields—like customer service, teaching, writing, or event planning—can translate beautifully into VA work. The key is to market your transferable skills creatively and position them as assets. As Seth Godin writes in Linchpin, “If you have a toolbox full of useful skills, you’re indispensable.”

    Tailor your resume and online profiles to highlight experiences that reflect time management, communication, and tech-savviness. Frame past roles as proof of your ability to manage tasks, meet deadlines, and solve problems independently. This reframing approach helps you stand out in a crowded marketplace, even without formal VA experience.


    3- Take an online course to learn how to become a virtual assistant

    Enrolling in a well-reviewed virtual assistant course can provide foundational knowledge and fast-track your entry into the profession. These courses often cover essential topics like email management, calendar scheduling, invoicing, and client communication—skills you’ll need from day one. Look for programs that also offer templates, tools, and community support.

    Online platforms like Udemy, Coursera, and Skillshare offer affordable options, while more specialized programs like Fully Booked VA or The SavvySystem cater directly to aspiring VAs. According to educational theorist Malcolm Knowles, “Adult learning thrives on relevance”—so choose a course that teaches real-world applications, not just theory.


    4- Work under a successful VA

    One of the smartest ways to learn the ropes is by working as a subcontractor for an experienced virtual assistant. It’s a form of apprenticeship that allows you to gain hands-on experience without taking on the full responsibility of running your own VA business. You’ll learn how to manage clients, handle unexpected problems, and use industry-standard tools.

    This mentorship model accelerates your learning curve and builds your credibility. Think of it as being paid to learn. Many successful VAs started this way, gradually building a portfolio that helped them transition to independent work. It also opens the door to networking and referrals, which are invaluable in the gig economy.


    5- What is a virtual assistant?

    A virtual assistant is a remote professional who provides support services to businesses, entrepreneurs, or busy individuals. These services can be administrative, technical, or creative in nature, and are typically performed online. Unlike traditional assistants, VAs are usually freelancers who work with multiple clients.

    Their flexibility and affordability make them an attractive alternative to hiring full-time staff. VAs use tools like Zoom, Slack, Asana, and Trello to stay connected and organized. As remote work becomes the new normal, the VA role continues to expand beyond clerical tasks into high-level support and project management.


    6- What kinds of tasks do virtual assistants do?

    Virtual assistants handle a wide array of tasks, depending on their niche and the client’s needs. Administrative duties often include managing emails, booking appointments, data entry, and customer service. Creative VAs might offer graphic design, content creation, or social media management. Technical VAs may handle website maintenance or CRM management.

    This diversity allows you to tailor your services to your strengths and interests. According to Deep Work by Cal Newport, specializing in high-focus tasks can increase your value in a distracted economy. Whether you’re a generalist or a niche expert, there’s room for growth in the VA space.


    7- Legitimate work from home jobs for single moms

    Virtual assistance is a lifeline for single moms seeking legitimate work-from-home opportunities. It offers flexible hours, autonomy, and income potential—all without the need for childcare or a daily commute. With careful planning, single moms can balance parenting and professional growth.

    Online job boards like Belay, Time Etc, and Boldly often cater to VAs and provide stable assignments. Building a routine, setting boundaries, and focusing on long-term clients can turn a side hustle into a sustainable career. As Sheryl Sandberg notes in Lean In, “Careers are a jungle gym, not a ladder”—and virtual assistance is an excellent rung.


    8- How does a virtual assistant work?

    Virtual assistants typically work from home using a laptop, internet connection, and a suite of productivity tools. Communication with clients is often asynchronous, allowing for flexible hours. Assignments are usually delivered via email or project management platforms like ClickUp or Trello.

    VAs track time, manage deadlines, and report on progress, often billing hourly or per project. Independence is key. As Stephen Covey states in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, “Be proactive.” Successful VAs take initiative, anticipate client needs, and continuously improve their workflows.


    9- What skills do you need to be a VA?

    To thrive as a VA, you’ll need a mix of hard and soft skills. Hard skills might include proficiency in Microsoft Office, Google Workspace, social media platforms, and scheduling software. Soft skills like communication, time management, adaptability, and reliability are equally vital.

    Critical thinking and problem-solving set exceptional VAs apart. As Daniel Goleman emphasized in Emotional Intelligence, self-awareness and interpersonal skills are game-changers in any professional setting. The best VAs don’t just complete tasks—they anticipate challenges and deliver solutions.


    10- How much do virtual assistants earn?

    Virtual assistant earnings vary widely based on skill level, specialization, and experience. Entry-level VAs may earn $10–$20 per hour, while experienced VAs can command $30–$75 per hour or more, especially if they offer specialized services like bookkeeping or marketing.

    Income also depends on your client base and location. Those serving international clients in high-income markets often earn more. Building a strong portfolio and niche expertise helps you move up the earning ladder. In the words of Jim Rohn, “You don’t get paid for the hour. You get paid for the value you bring to the hour.”


    11- Virtual assistant salary (full-time)

    Full-time virtual assistants can earn anywhere between $30,000 to $80,000 per year, depending on their specialization and client base. Those offering high-level services like project management or digital marketing often reach the upper end of that scale.

    Full-time VAs usually work with multiple clients or manage large-scale operations for a single business. Establishing long-term contracts and setting retainer fees helps ensure stable income. A full-time VA role can evolve into a full-fledged business if you package your services wisely.


    12- Virtual assistant part-time jobs

    Part-time virtual assistant jobs are ideal for those balancing other responsibilities, such as caregiving, studies, or another job. They typically involve working 10–25 hours a week and are popular on platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, and PeoplePerHour.

    These roles can act as a stepping stone into full-time freelancing. Even with limited hours, a focused VA can earn a decent income by offering in-demand services. This flexibility is a major draw for people transitioning into remote work or testing the waters of entrepreneurship.


    13- How do you find virtual assistant jobs?

    Job-hunting platforms like Upwork, Freelancer, and Fiverr are great starting points for beginners. You can also join VA-specific communities on Facebook or Reddit to find gigs and mentorship. LinkedIn is particularly powerful for attracting clients in professional sectors.

    Cold pitching can also be effective—reach out directly to small business owners or bloggers who may need your help. Crafting a strong portfolio and personal brand will increase your chances of landing recurring clients. As Cal Newport emphasizes, “Be so good they can’t ignore you.”


    14- Virtual assistant jobs for beginners

    Beginner VA jobs often involve basic administrative tasks such as data entry, appointment scheduling, or social media moderation. Clients are typically looking for reliability over expertise, which gives new VAs room to grow on the job.

    These roles can be found on platforms like TaskRabbit, Fancy Hands, or Zirtual. Start small and gather testimonials to build credibility. Over time, you can move into specialized roles by learning on the job or pursuing additional training.


    15- How much do virtual assistants charge per hour?

    Hourly rates for virtual assistants vary based on geography, skills, and demand. Beginners might start at $15–$25 per hour, while experienced VAs charge $50 or more for advanced services. Premium rates are justified by specialization and efficiency.

    It’s crucial to research industry standards and factor in expenses like software, taxes, and health insurance. Offering packages or retainer models can provide better financial stability than hourly billing alone. As freelancers gain experience, they often transition from hourly to value-based pricing.


    16- Virtual assistant services: What services does a virtual assistant offer?

    VAs can offer services across multiple categories: administrative (calendar/email management), creative (design, writing), technical (website updates), and strategic (marketing, consulting). The range allows you to shape your career according to your strengths.

    Offering a variety of services helps attract a broader client base, but specializing can help you stand out. It’s often best to start broad, then niche down based on demand and personal interest. Refer to The E-Myth Revisited by Michael E. Gerber to understand how to systematize these offerings.


    17- Virtual assistant service: Writing

    Writing services include blog posts, newsletters, product descriptions, and ghostwriting. These tasks are perfect for VAs with strong grammar and a flair for storytelling. Writing can also extend to SEO copy, a skill highly valued by online businesses.

    Good writing not only communicates but converts. VAs offering content services often use tools like Grammarly, Hemingway Editor, or Surfer SEO. As author William Zinsser wrote in On Writing Well, “Writing is thinking on paper”—a perfect skill for thoughtful, detail-oriented VAs.


    18- Virtual assistant service: Managing social media

    Managing social media involves creating content calendars, writing captions, designing graphics, and engaging with followers. Businesses outsource this task to maintain a consistent online presence while focusing on their core operations.

    VAs offering social media management must stay updated on trends, platform algorithms, and analytics. Tools like Canva, Hootsuite, and Buffer are essential. It’s a creative, ever-evolving field that rewards innovation and engagement.


    19- What is a social media manager?

    A social media manager curates, schedules, and optimizes content across platforms like Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and X. They’re also responsible for growing the audience, analyzing performance metrics, and adjusting strategy accordingly.

    This role blends marketing, branding, and communication skills. Social media managers are the voice of the brand in digital spaces. As Gary Vaynerchuk says in Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook, “Content is king, but context is God.”


    20- What kind of tasks do social media managers do?

    Tasks range from strategy planning and content creation to customer interaction and campaign analysis. They may run paid ads, collaborate with influencers, or launch giveaways to boost engagement.

    Strong communication and visual skills are essential. They often use analytics to measure ROI and refine future campaigns. It’s a role that requires both creativity and data-driven thinking—a balance that elevates brand visibility.


    21- What skills do you need to be a social media manager?

    Key skills include content creation, writing, graphic design, data analysis, and platform proficiency. Emotional intelligence and customer service are also critical, as responses must be timely and tactful.

    Staying organized and adaptable is vital. The ability to interpret analytics and pivot strategies ensures sustained growth. Knowledge of tools like Canva, Meta Business Suite, and Google Analytics is often non-negotiable.


    22- How much do social media managers earn?

    Social media managers typically earn $40,000–$80,000 annually, depending on experience and responsibilities. Freelancers can charge $500–$2,000 per client monthly, especially if managing multiple platforms and running ads.

    Specializing in niches—like fashion, wellness, or B2B—can also boost earnings. Those who combine strategy with execution often command higher rates than those providing only content.


    23- Pros and cons of being a social media manager

    Pros include creative freedom, flexible hours, and the satisfaction of building online communities. It’s a great fit for individuals who enjoy storytelling and digital trends.

    However, downsides include burnout, constant algorithm changes, and client expectations for instant results. Balancing creativity with strategic output can be demanding.


    24- Advantages of being a social media manager:

    This role offers diverse work, high demand, and opportunities for personal branding. It allows for remote work, travel, and entrepreneurship, especially when managing multiple clients.

    You also develop transferable skills useful in marketing, public relations, and customer success—making it a versatile and future-proof career path.


    25- Disadvantages of being a social media manager:

    The fast-paced nature of social media can be mentally exhausting. Burnout is a common issue due to irregular hours, content fatigue, and negative online interactions.

    Additionally, results can be hard to quantify, leading to difficult client conversations. Learning to set boundaries and track KPIs helps maintain balance.


    26- How do you find social media management jobs?

    Freelance marketplaces like Upwork, Contra, and Freelancer offer consistent listings. Networking in niche Facebook groups and attending digital marketing webinars can uncover hidden opportunities.

    Building a portfolio with sample posts or running your own social accounts helps showcase your skillset. Cold-pitching local businesses can also yield results.


    27- How to become a social media manager?

    Start by managing your own or a friend’s account. Learn design tools, analytics, and copywriting. Take courses on platforms like HubSpot, Coursera, or Later.

    Build a portfolio, choose a niche, and pitch to small businesses. With consistency and learning, you can quickly move from beginner to seasoned pro.


    28- How to create virtual assistant packages

    Start by identifying your core services, such as email management, writing, or social media. Group them into clear packages with tiered pricing (e.g., basic, standard, premium).

    Include time estimates and deliverables. Packages provide transparency, encourage upselling, and reduce scope creep. Books like Company of One by Paul Jarvis offer insights into building lean, value-based offerings.


    29- Pros and cons of being a VA

    Pros include flexibility, independence, and low start-up costs. You control your schedule and can choose clients that align with your values.

    Cons may involve inconsistent income, client management challenges, and isolation. Setting boundaries and diversifying income sources helps mitigate these risks.


    30- Nearly unlimited income potential

    As a VA, your income is not capped by an employer. By increasing your rates, specializing in high-value tasks, and scaling through subcontractors, your earnings can grow substantially.

    With time, VAs often evolve into business owners, consultants, or agency founders. The key is to continue learning, refining, and expanding your service offerings.


    Conclusion

    Becoming a virtual assistant with no experience is entirely achievable with the right strategy, mindset, and tools. By leveraging your existing skills, seeking mentorship, and continuously upskilling, you can enter a booming industry ripe with opportunity. The flexibility, autonomy, and income potential make virtual assistance an appealing career for professionals of all backgrounds.

    As you take each step outlined in this guide, remember that consistency is key. Cultivate your brand, deliver quality work, and stay adaptable in a changing digital landscape. In the words of Napoleon Hill, “Strength and growth come only through continuous effort and struggle.” Embrace the journey, and success will follow.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • 6 Mental Health Habits Your Grandparents Used That Were Surprisingly Modern

    6 Mental Health Habits Your Grandparents Used That Were Surprisingly Modern

    Before mindfulness apps, therapy podcasts, and wellness influencers, your grandparents were quietly practicing mental health habits that today’s psychologists advocate. While modern self-care has taken on a shiny, commercialized edge, the core principles have been around for generations—embedded in routines so simple they’re often overlooked.

    The surprising truth is that many of the habits we now consider “cutting-edge” were already part of our grandparents’ everyday lives. Their ways were not branded as “mental wellness,” yet they provided grounding, purpose, and resilience. These practices were deeply human—rooted in connection with nature, community, creativity, and reflection.

    This article explores six deceptively simple habits your grandparents used that align with today’s best mental health practices. As we search for balance in a fast-paced digital age, there’s wisdom in revisiting these time-honored approaches. Let’s take a closer look at how these vintage routines can offer a fresh lens on psychological well-being.


    1-
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    1 – Daily Walks

    For many grandparents, a walk wasn’t about counting steps or burning calories—it was a daily ritual of presence and connection. Whether heading to the market or strolling after dinner, walking created space for reflection and emotional regulation. Current research confirms that even short walks can reduce cortisol levels and elevate mood. According to Dr. Shane O’Mara, neuroscientist and author of In Praise of Walking, “Walking is not just good for the body—it is essential for brain health.”

    Walking also fosters cognitive clarity, especially when done outdoors. Studies from Stanford University show that walking in natural settings boosts creative thinking and reduces symptoms of depression. Your grandparents might not have called it “ecotherapy,” but their consistent movement in fresh air worked as a powerful, preventative mental health tool. As we reintroduce walking into our daily routines, we also reestablish a deeper bond between body, mind, and environment.


    2-
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    2 – Gardening

    Gardening, often seen as a leisurely hobby, is in fact a form of therapeutic engagement. For your grandparents, it was a necessity or a pastime, but also a meditative act—one that required attention, patience, and nurturing. Tending to plants offered moments of stillness, tangible rewards, and a sense of purpose. The concept of “horticultural therapy” is now an established field, and research published in the Journal of Health Psychology supports that gardening significantly lowers stress and improves mood.

    Moreover, working with soil may literally make you happier. A harmless bacterium found in soil, Mycobacterium vaccae, has been linked to increased serotonin production—highlighting how nature itself plays a role in our emotional chemistry. As psychiatrist Dr. Sue Stuart-Smith notes in The Well-Gardened Mind, “Gardening offers a unique combination of physical activity, social interaction, and exposure to nature—all known to promote mental health.”


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    3 – Social Gatherings

    Your grandparents didn’t need Facebook to stay connected—they had neighborhood potlucks, church groups, and card nights. These regular in-person interactions fostered a sense of belonging and community that’s increasingly rare today. Loneliness, a rising epidemic according to the World Health Organization, has been shown to increase the risk of depression and cognitive decline. Social bonds were not just niceties—they were protective factors against emotional isolation.

    Psychologist Susan Pinker emphasizes this in The Village Effect, arguing that face-to-face contact is a “biological imperative” for long life and emotional resilience. When your grandparents gathered for conversation, music, or meals, they were unconsciously investing in their mental wellbeing. These encounters offered emotional regulation, affirmation, and shared joy—natural antidotes to the anxiety and disconnection so many experience now.


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    4 – Mindful Crafting

    Crocheting, quilting, woodworking, or knitting might have seemed like simple hobbies, but these crafts demanded focus, repetition, and creativity—all key ingredients for mindfulness. The rhythmic motion and tactile engagement required in crafting resemble meditative practices. According to psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in his book Flow, such immersive activities generate a state of deep fulfillment that supports psychological health.

    Crafting also instills a sense of accomplishment and identity. The ability to create something from scratch reinforces self-efficacy and can buffer against depressive symptoms. As Dr. Carrie Barron, co-author of The Creativity Cure, explains, “Creative action can be a pathway to emotional healing.” Your grandparents may not have labeled it self-care, but their commitment to craft offered a stabilizing, therapeutic outlet.


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    5 – Storytelling

    Whether around the dinner table or by the fireside, storytelling was a cornerstone of intergenerational connection. It wasn’t just entertainment—it was a means of processing emotions, transmitting values, and preserving identity. Modern psychology echoes this, noting that autobiographical storytelling helps people make sense of their experiences and enhances psychological integration. According to narrative psychologist Dr. Dan McAdams, “Stories are how we construct meaning in our lives.”

    Additionally, listening to and telling stories fosters empathy and cognitive flexibility. It allows individuals to step into another’s perspective, thereby improving social cognition and emotional intelligence. Books like The Storytelling Animal by Jonathan Gottschall highlight how humans are wired for narrative. Your grandparents’ tales served not only as family lore, but also as emotional blueprints for navigating life.


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    6 – Journaling

    Long before bullet journals and gratitude logs became trendy, many grandparents kept diaries. These handwritten reflections provided a private space to process thoughts and emotions. Psychologist James Pennebaker’s research in Opening Up by Writing It Down demonstrates that expressive writing can reduce anxiety, improve immune function, and enhance emotional resilience. The act of journaling offers clarity, perspective, and a sense of narrative control.

    In an age where everything is public and digitized, journaling remains a radically intimate form of self-care. It slows the mind and fosters introspection. Philosopher Hannah Arendt once remarked, “Storytelling reveals meaning without committing the error of defining it.” In the same vein, journaling helps us sit with uncertainty without the pressure of immediate solutions—something your grandparents intuitively practiced.


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    Conclusion

    While today’s world is overflowing with digital wellness solutions, some of the most effective mental health habits are rooted in the past. Your grandparents, in their quiet routines, practiced a form of psychological resilience that aligns beautifully with contemporary insights. Their rituals—walking, gardening, gathering, crafting, storytelling, and journaling—offered holistic support long before these practices were backed by science.

    These habits invite us to embrace simplicity, presence, and connection. They remind us that tending to our mental well-being doesn’t always require a subscription or screen. Sometimes, the path to healing is paved with well-worn footsteps, a spade in hand, or a pen on paper. In honoring their wisdom, we may rediscover a steadier, richer way to care for ourselves.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog