This collection of texts from “20808.pdf” provides a multifaceted overview of Saudi Arabia’s progress and challenges, aligning with Vision 2030 objectives. It highlights the Kingdom’s efforts in empowering women and reducing unemployment, alongside discussions of global economic factors like oil price fluctuations and the dollar’s performance. The sources also touch upon regional conflicts, humanitarian crises in Gaza, and various national initiatives, including anti-corruption efforts, tourism development, and advancements in technology and education. Additionally, the document covers cultural heritage preservation, sports news, and details regarding upcoming international events hosted by Saudi Arabia, demonstrating a broad spectrum of topics related to the Kingdom’s internal development and external relations.

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Saudi Women: Empowerment and Employment Under Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia has undertaken significant efforts to empower women and reduce unemployment, driven largely by its ambitious Vision 2030 reform plan.1 These efforts involve a multi-pronged approach encompassing legislative reforms, economic initiatives, and social changes.

Here’s a detailed breakdown:

I. Empowering Women

Vision 2030 recognizes women as a vital asset for economic growth and social development.2 The Kingdom has implemented numerous reforms to enhance women’s rights and participation in various spheres:3

• Legislative Reforms and Rights:
• Easing of Male Guardianship System: Significant strides have been made to dismantle the male guardianship system, which previously restricted women’s autonomy. As of August 2019, women aged 21 and older can apply for passports and travel abroad without a male guardian’s permission.4 They can also register for marriage and divorce, apply for other official documents, register as co-head of a household, and live independently.5
• Right to Drive: The decades-old ban on women driving was lifted in June 2018, providing women with greater mobility and independence for work, education, and daily life.
• Workplace Protections: Reforms have been introduced to ensure gender equality in the workplace, including:6
• Prohibiting wage discrimination based on gender.7
• Ensuring equal opportunities in jobs and working hours.8
• Extending employment discrimination protections to women.9
• Granting maternity leave benefits and mandating pension care credits for maternity leave.10
• Criminalizing sexual harassment in the workplace (Anti-Harassment Law of May 2018).
• Removing previous prohibitions on women working at night or in hazardous jobs/industries (August 2020).11
• Judicial and Legal Empowerment:
• Women are now allowed to practice law, become legal professionals, public prosecutors, and judges.
• Simplified processes allow mothers to obtain custody without prolonged legal battles in cases where there is no dispute.
• Women can change personal data (e.g., family name, children’s names, marital status) without guardian permission.
• Political Participation:
• Since 2011, women have been allowed to participate in the Shura Council (national legislature) and municipal councils, with a requirement that women hold at least 20% of Shura Council seats since 2013.12
• First Saudi female minister appointed to the Cabinet in 2009.
• First woman deputy secretary-general of the Saudi Cabinet appointed in July 2022.
• First woman to chair the Saudi Human Rights Commission appointed in September 2022.13
• Educational and Training Opportunities:
• Increased access to education for girls at all levels, from primary school to higher education.
• Emphasis on aligning educational outcomes with labor market needs to equip women with in-demand skills.14
• Programs like “Tamheer” aim to prepare and develop the skills of the national workforce through distinguished training opportunities.15
• Leadership training and mentorship initiatives for women.16
• Adult education programs to reduce illiteracy among women.
• Economic Participation and Entrepreneurship:
• Enabling women to engage in business activities without prior approval.17
• Women now own 45% of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Saudi Arabia.18
• Initiatives to promote freelance, remote, and flexible work arrangements to help women balance professional and personal lives.19
• Programs like “Qurrah” provide childcare services for working mothers, and “Wusool” supports and facilitates women’s transportation to work.20
• Teacher Salary Support Initiative to enhance job localization in private education.
• National Women’s Leadership Platform (Qiyadiyat) to highlight female competencies and enhance their presence across various sectors.21
• Social and Cultural Shifts:
• Increasing societal acceptance of women in diverse professional roles.22
• Women allowed into sports stadiums (October 2017).
• First Saudi woman sent to space (early 2023).23

II. Reducing Unemployment, with a Focus on Women

Saudi Arabia has made remarkable progress in reducing its overall unemployment rate, with women playing a significant role in this achievement.24 Vision 2030 set an initial target of reducing Saudi unemployment to 7% by 2030, a goal that was surpassed ahead of schedule in 2024.25 The new target is 5% by 2030.26

• Key Achievements and Statistics (Q1 2025):
• Overall Unemployment Rate: Dropped to a record low of 6.3% for Saudi nationals (including non-Saudis, it fell to 2.8%).27
• Female Unemployment Rate: Fell to a record low of 10.5%, a significant drop of over 11 percentage points since 2021.
• Female Labor Force Participation Rate: Increased to 36.3%. This is a notable increase from 22% (the Vision 2030 initial target was to reach 30%, which was also surpassed early).
• Employment-to-Population Ratio for Saudi women: Rose to 32.5%.
• Programs and Initiatives for Employment Reduction (targeting women specifically):
• Saudization: Government policies to increase the proportion of Saudi nationals in the private sector workforce.28 This has opened up many new opportunities for women.
• Skills Development and Training: Programs aimed at upskilling and reskilling the national workforce, including women, to meet the demands of emerging sectors (e.g., technology, healthcare, tourism).29
• Support for Entrepreneurs: Initiatives to foster entrepreneurship among women, enabling them to create their own businesses and contribute to job creation.30
• Flexible Work Arrangements: Promotion of remote work, flexible hours, and part-time options to accommodate women’s diverse needs and increase their participation.31
• Childcare and Transportation Support: Programs like “Qurrah” and “Wusool” directly address common barriers to women’s employment.32
• Public and Private Sector Collaboration: Effective collaboration between government entities and the private sector to create a more inclusive and growth-fostering work environment.
• Targeted Job Creation: Focus on creating diverse, high-quality roles, particularly those suited to women’s skills, in key Vision 2030 sectors like tourism, technology, industry, and logistics.

Challenges and Future Outlook:

While significant progress has been made, some challenges remain:

• Aligning Skills with Market Demand: Continuously ensuring that the education and training provided to women align with the evolving needs of the labor market.
• Sustained Job Creation: Ensuring a continuous supply of quality jobs as more women enter the workforce.
• Cultural Adaptation: While progress is evident, ongoing efforts are needed to fully shift traditional societal attitudes in some areas regarding women’s roles in the workforce.
• Work-Life Balance: Continuing to provide robust support systems (like childcare and flexible work options) to enable women to balance their professional and personal responsibilities effectively.33

Overall, Saudi Arabia’s commitment to empowering women and reducing unemployment, particularly through the framework of Vision 2030, has led to substantial and positive transformations in the Kingdom’s social and economic landscape.34 The increasing participation of women in the workforce is a key indicator of this progress and a vital component of the country’s economic diversification goals.35

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 places a significant emphasis on human capital development, which includes robust efforts to empower women and reduce unemployment across the Kingdom.

Here are the details about the Kingdom’s efforts in these areas:

• Reduction of Unemployment
• A core objective of Vision 2030 is to provide job opportunities for Saudi youth of both genders. This is part of a broader aim to re-establish the economy’s foundations under the Vision.
• The unemployment rate among Saudi citizens saw a record low decrease to 6.3% in the first quarter of 2025. This positive outcome is not accidental but results from intensive efforts directed by the leadership.
• The growth of the Public Investment Fund (PIF), which is now one of the largest sovereign wealth funds globally, plays a strategic role in building a new economy, contributing to overall economic development and job creation. The PIF’s total assets increased by 18% to 4.321 billion riyals by the end of 2024, with total revenues rising by 25% to 413 billion riyals.
• There is a noticeable trend in leadership development, with the average age of CEOs in the top 100 Saudi-listed companies dropping to 47 years. This reflects a growing trust in younger, local Saudi leaders, with 88% of recently appointed CEOs being Saudi nationals. This focus on internal talent development contributes to job creation and retention for Saudi citizens.
• Empowerment of Women
• Vision 2030 actively supports Saudi women through initiatives aimed at economically empowering them and enabling their participation in the labor market. This commitment is rooted in the leadership’s belief that nations are built on the capabilities and efforts of their people.
• These initiatives have led to a historic drop in female unemployment, reaching its lowest level at 10.5% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to 11.9% in the preceding quarter of 2024.
• Specific programs underscore this commitment:
• The “Health Sector Leaders 2025” program, launched by the Saudi Health Specialties Authority, aims to develop leadership skills among women in the healthcare sector. This program is a key initiative to empower national female leaders within the health sector, aligning with Vision 2030’s objectives for women’s empowerment.
• The “Bidy” vocational training program for girls in the Eastern Province, organized by the Secondary Industrial Institute in Dammam in cooperation with the Social Development Center, highlights the leadership’s support for women. The program seeks to enable girls in various fields, thereby enhancing their participation in national development. The Emir of the Eastern Province emphasized that empowering girls in diverse fields strengthens their participation and aligns with Vision 2030’s goals, noting that Saudi women have consistently demonstrated their presence and excellence in various domains.

Saudi Arabia: Progress and Challenges on the Path to Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia is experiencing a period of significant transformation, driven by its Vision 2030, which aims to diversify its economy and enhance various sectors. This progress is accompanied by ongoing challenges, some of which are internal and others stemming from regional and global contexts.

Progress

Saudi Arabia has achieved notable progress across multiple domains:

• Economic Transformation and Vision 2030
• The Kingdom’s economy is undergoing a rapid and strong transformation, reflecting the leadership’s determination to achieve ambitious goals, making it one of the best economies in the Middle East and the world.
• Key objectives of Vision 2030 include diversifying income sources, supporting private sector growth, and reducing reliance on oil as a primary resource.
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF) has demonstrated strong financial performance, with its total assets increasing by 18% to 4,321 billion SAR by the end of 2024, and revenues growing by 25% to 413 billion SAR. The PIF’s net profit reached 26 billion SAR despite global economic challenges.
• The PIF has successfully diversified its funding sources through successful global financial market deals, issuing US Dollar Sukuk and its first Sterling bonds.
• Tourism is recognized as a strategic economic tool for diversification, moving beyond mere entertainment.
• The country has seen significant growth in domestic tourism, driven by leadership support, improvements in infrastructure like airports and road networks, and the launch of multiple tourism seasons.
• Tourist visas have been opened to over 60 countries, and initiatives like the “Spirit of Saudi Arabia” identity and the establishment of the Tourism Development Fund have been launched.
• Tourism has created over 836,000 direct and indirect jobs in 2024 and stimulates other sectors such as transport, technology, financial services, arts, and hospitality.
• It also contributes to regional development, reviving historical sites, investing in natural attractions, and empowering rural communities.
• The Real Estate Registry is a key pillar for transparency and efficiency in the real estate sector, acting as a pioneering model for integrated digital services. It provides a unified window for accessing accurate property data, enhancing investor confidence and reducing disputes.
• Social and Human Development
• Saudi Arabia has seen positive results in reducing unemployment among citizens to 6.3%.
• Significant strides have been made in women’s empowerment, with initiatives supporting their participation in the workforce and leading to a historical decrease in women’s unemployment to 10.5%.
• The leadership’s belief in building the nation through the efforts and innovation of its citizens underpins these advancements.
• King Saud University launched the “Wa’ed” program to support new faculty members and enhance research.
• The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties introduced the “Health Sector Leaders” program for women, aimed at developing their leadership and communication skills, aligning with Vision 2030 goals for women in health.
• The Al-Qassim region is developing its unique rural and tourism wealth, promoting innovation in rural tourism experiences.
• Emphasis is placed on technical and vocational education as a strategic choice to meet labor market demands and provide quality job opportunities.
• The “Beedi” program for vocational training for girls in the Eastern Region exemplifies support for women’s participation across various fields.
• “SDAIA” celebrated “Tuwaiq Academy” students for winning 12 gold medals and 16 special awards in ITEX 2025, highlighting the Kingdom’s focus on investing in human capital.
• The King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Quran received over 28,000 visitors in June, demonstrating its international role in preserving and disseminating the Quran and a moderate Islamic message.
• New entertainment and cultural initiatives such as the “Al-Bayt Baytkum… Ya Ba’d Hayy” festival in Hail attract visitors and support local artisans.
• Raghadan Forest Park in Al-Baha offers a unique summer destination with natural beauty and recreational facilities, with ongoing development projects.
• King Faisal University launched the “Mawhiba Enrichment Research Program” and hosted the 5th International Conference on Computing and Artificial Intelligence, fostering research and attracting global expertise.
• The King Salman Relief and Humanitarian Aid Center continues to provide medical and food aid in regions like Yemen and Sudan.
• Al-Mouwasat Hospital in Riyadh successfully performed a complex surgery on a patient with a 30kg tumor, showcasing advanced medical capabilities and skilled staff.
• The “Year of Handcrafts 2025” aims to promote, preserve, and develop traditional crafts like Najdi carvings, which are an integral part of the region’s cultural identity.
• The upcoming “Ashan” Museum, led by Princess Sara bint Mashhour, will preserve Saudi heritage and aims to build a generation proud of its roots, aligning with Vision 2030’s non-profit sector goals.
• The Ministry of Culture’s Cultural Skills Competition for students fosters talent in various artistic and cultural fields and preserves Saudi heritage.
• The documentation of ancient trails (“Al-Aqab”) in Al-Baha highlights their historical, economic, and social significance.
• The King Abdulaziz Foundation (Darah) is facilitating access to historical documents for researchers, promoting transparency and preserving national memory.
• International Relations and Global Presence
• The Kingdom’s leadership receives messages from international heads of state, emphasizing bilateral relations and cooperation.
• Deepening cultural partnership with China through an executive program between the Ministry of Culture and the Sino-Arab Cultural Studies Center, fostering joint research and exchanges.
• Saudi Arabia’s strong and balanced presence on the international stage is emphasized in foreign policy, balancing interests and principles, and promoting stability and development.
• Initiatives like “Middle East Green” and “Saudi Green” demonstrate the Kingdom’s commitment to environmental issues and its role as a global influencer.
• Sports and Entertainment
• Neom Football Club is strengthening its team with international signings.
• The presence of global football stars like Cristiano Ronaldo in Saudi clubs significantly contributes to the positive image of the Saudi project, promoting it across sports, tourism, entertainment, culture, and media. Ronaldo has expressed pride in his affiliation with Saudi Arabia and commended Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
• The Golf Federation’s “Elite Camp for Sports Scholarships” aims to develop young Arab golf talents.
• The Electronic Sports World Cup 2025 in Riyadh is set to be the largest e-sports event, with over 2,000 players, 200 clubs, 100 countries, and more than $70 million in prize money.
• The Saudi national basketball team is preparing for the Asian Championship.

Challenges

Despite significant progress, Saudi Arabia faces several challenges:

• Unemployment
• While the overall unemployment rate has decreased, ensuring sufficient and qualitative job opportunities for Saudi youth of both genders remains an ongoing focus.
• Logistics and Delivery Services
• A “parking crisis” exists between car rental companies and property owners/businesses, especially in residential areas and near service facilities, leading to difficulties for residents like teachers finding parking.
• The large number of car rental contracts (over 5.6 million in 2024 for approximately 360,000 cars) highlights the scale of the parking issue.
• The delivery sector faces issues such as unsuitable transport methods, congestion caused by delivery representatives, and a lack of discipline among agents.
• There is a need for mandatory professional permits for delivery workers, including health, psychological, and criminal checks, and basic training in conduct and customer service.
• The absence of a unified national database for delivery workers hinders tracking their history and performance.
• The potential for misconduct and lack of clear accountability poses a risk to public safety, emphasizing the need for comprehensive regulations and enhanced oversight through technology, such as surveillance cameras and quick alert buttons in apps.
• Regional Conflicts and Geopolitical Risks
• Oil prices remain susceptible to geopolitical risks in the Middle East.
• The humanitarian and health crisis in Gaza is severe, with a rising death toll and destruction.
• The continued ban on fuel entry by Israeli authorities threatens the complete collapse of basic services in Gaza, as reported by UNRWA.
• The telecommunications sector in Gaza has suffered immense damage, with 74% of its assets destroyed, and significant financial losses, requiring substantial funds for rebuilding.
• Ongoing Israeli aggressions and closures in the West Bank, along with settler attacks on land and property, further complicate the regional situation.
• The broader debate continues regarding whether wars are a necessity for national interests or are merely destructive and wasteful of human lives and resources.
• Tourism Challenges (Internal)
• Challenges within domestic tourism include high prices for accommodation and facilities compared to international competitors.
• There is a perceived weakness in integration among various tourism-related entities, which hinders the creation of fully integrated tourism experiences.
• Limited marketing of promising destinations and a lack of influential human content are also noted.
• There’s a shortage of qualified personnel in hospitality and customer service in some regions.
• The disparity between ambitious goals and current reality necessitates a more integrated economic methodology to address price issues and enhance visitor experience.
• Technological Risks (AI and Misinformation)
• The rise of advanced AI tools, while beneficial, poses a challenge with the proliferation of “deepfake” content and misleading visuals, eroding public trust in what is seen.
• This loss of trust affects collective consciousness, journalism, social relationships, and politics.
• The ease with which anyone can create fake content using AI tools, regardless of expertise, makes it difficult to distinguish reality from fabrication.
• The slow pace of regulatory legislation compared to rapid technological advancements allows for misuse of these tools, potentially turning AI from a benefit into a tool that distorts perception and disintegrates trust.
• Workforce and Education
• In the education sector, there’s a need for continuous development and training for teachers and school administrators.
• The article highlights the resistance to change from certain groups that can impede educational development projects.
• Challenges include maintaining focus on the mental and physical health of students.
• Overcrowding in classrooms (exceeding 24 students) and inadequate school buildings for diverse activities are also mentioned.
• The intense pressure from multiple competitions (local, international, and national team) poses a risk of increased injuries for Saudi football players.

Saudi Arabia is undergoing an unprecedented transformation driven by Vision 2030, a strategic framework launched in 2016 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.1 This ambitious plan aims to diversify the economy away from oil, develop public service sectors, and create a vibrant society.2 Here’s a research-based overview of the Kingdom’s progress and the challenges it faces:

Saudi Arabia’s Progress Under Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia has demonstrated significant progress across various fronts, often exceeding initial targets.3

1. Economic Diversification

• Reduced Oil Dependence: The contribution of oil to Saudi Arabia’s GDP has significantly dropped from 85-90% to less than 55%. Non-oil GDP has shown steady growth, with a CAGR of 3.01% since 2016, and reached 47% of total GDP in 2024, exceeding its target.4
• Public Investment Fund (PIF) Growth: The PIF’s assets under management have more than tripled since 2016, reaching SAR 3.53 trillion (approx. $941 billion) by the end of 2024, exceeding its original 2030 target. This fund is crucial for financing the giga-projects and driving non-oil investments.5
• Growth in Non-Oil Sectors:
• Tourism: This sector has seen extraordinary expansion, with foreign Umrah visitors totaling 16.80 million in 2024, significantly beating the target.6 The tourism sector is rapidly growing and aims to contribute 10% to GDP by 2030 (currently 4.45%).
• Entertainment & Culture: Saudi Arabia has hosted numerous international events, music festivals, and sporting events, with significant investment in entertainment infrastructure.7
• Technology & Innovation: Projects like NEOM and the focus on AI, renewable energy, and smart city infrastructure are attracting global attention and investment.8 The Kingdom has advanced significantly in the UN E-Government Development Index, reaching 6th place globally in 2024.9
• Industrial Growth & Manufacturing: The National Industrial Development and Logistics Programme (NIDLP) has fostered growth in manufacturing and logistics, with the localization of military industries exceeding its interim target at 19.35% (up from 7.7% in 2021).10 Investment in EV manufacturing is also a key focus.11
• SMEs: The number of employees in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) reached 7.8 million in 2024, exceeding the target. SMEs contributed 21.9% to GDP in 2023, aiming for 35% by 2030.12
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): FDI as a share of GDP reached 2.4% in 2023, meeting its target.13 Saudi Arabia has introduced 100% foreign ownership in various industries to attract more investment.14

2. Social Reforms and Empowerment

• Women’s Empowerment:
• Labor Force Participation: Women’s labor force participation has significantly increased, reaching 33.5% in Q3 2024, exceeding the initial 2030 target of 30% a decade early, prompting a revised target of 40%.15
• Reduced Unemployment: The unemployment rate for Saudi women has fallen to a record low of 10.5%.16
• Legal Reforms: Lifting the ban on women driving (2018), easing male guardianship laws (2019), and granting women greater autonomy in personal matters and access to legal professions are significant milestones.17
• Job Creation and Unemployment Reduction: The overall unemployment rate for Saudi nationals has dropped to a historic low of 6.3% (Q1 2025), surpassing the Vision 2030 target of 7%.18 The new target is 5% by 2030.
• Improved Quality of Life:
• Home Ownership: The rate of Saudi household ownership reached 65.4% in 2024, exceeding the year’s target and advancing towards the 70% goal for 2030.
• Healthcare: Healthcare services cover 96.4% of the Kingdom’s regions and population centers, nearing the 2030 target of 99.5%. Life expectancy reached 78.8 years in 2023, exceeding targets.
• Volunteerism: The number of volunteers exceeded 1.2 million by the end of 2024, surpassing the 2030 target of one million.
• Cultural Heritage: The Kingdom achieved the Vision 2030 target of having eight heritage sites registered as UNESCO World Heritage Sites six years ahead of schedule.

3. Governance and Efficiency

• Digital Transformation: Saudi Arabia has climbed significantly in the E-Participation Index and other digital government metrics, reflecting strengthened data accessibility and transparency.19
• Public Sector Efficiency: The reforms aim to build an effective, transparent, accountable, empowering, and high-performing government.20

Challenges Facing Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030

Despite the significant progress, Saudi Arabia faces a number of complex challenges in fully realizing its Vision 2030:

1. Economic Challenges

• Oil Price Volatility: While diversification is underway, the Saudi economy remains heavily dependent on oil revenues. Fluctuations in global oil prices can impact the government’s ability to fund its massive projects.21
• Attracting Foreign Investment: While efforts have been made, attracting sufficient non-oil FDI, especially for the ambitious giga-projects, remains crucial.22 Some projects are perceived as overly ambitious, leading to concerns about their financial viability and return on investment.23
• Inflationary Pressures: The rapid pace of development and large-scale projects can lead to supply bottlenecks and inflationary pressures on local materials and services.
• Sustainability of Giga-Projects: Concerns exist about the immense budgets of mega-projects like NEOM (e.g., “The Line” has been scaled back for the 2030 deadline), with questions about whether private investment will match public spending.24
• Human Capital Development: A constant challenge is ensuring that the education system adequately prepares Saudi citizens with the skills required by the evolving labor market, especially in the private sector.25 Skill gaps between labor demands and the education system can hinder growth.26

2. Social and Cultural Challenges

• Balancing Modernization with Conservatism: The rapid social reforms, while widely welcomed by many, can create tensions with deeply rooted conservative values and traditional cultural norms.27 Maintaining a balance between openness and national identity as the “Holy Land” is a delicate act.
• Public Expectations: As the cost of living potentially increases, there’s a risk of public discontent if the benefits of Vision 2030 are not widely felt or if ambitious projects fail to materialize as promised.
• Social Grievances and Accountability: Some critics point to a lack of sufficient channels for citizens to provide meaningful feedback on Vision 2030’s economic and social effects, raising concerns about accountability and the potential for social grievances if projects don’t benefit ordinary citizens.
• Human Rights Concerns: Ongoing international scrutiny regarding human rights issues, including freedom of expression and the treatment of dissidents, can impact Saudi Arabia’s international reputation and deter foreign investment.28

3. Geopolitical Challenges

• Regional Instability: Ongoing conflicts and political tensions in the Middle East (e.g., Gaza conflict, Houthi activities in the Red Sea) can pose risks to regional stability, trade routes, and investor confidence.
• Balancing Global Relations: Saudi Arabia faces a complex foreign policy dilemma, balancing its relations with major global powers like the US and China, which can have implications for its economic and strategic objectives.29

4. Implementation and Governance Challenges

• Bureaucracy and Institutional Weakness: While reforms are underway, issues like inefficient bureaucracy and challenges in effective policy implementation can still hinder progress.30
• Over-reliance on Top-Down Approach: Some critiques suggest that the top-down nature of Vision 2030, while efficient in driving rapid change, might overlook practical barriers or prioritize aesthetics over material gains for citizens in some instances.31

In conclusion, Saudi Arabia has undeniably achieved significant milestones under Vision 2030, particularly in economic diversification, women’s empowerment, and job creation.32 The Kingdom has demonstrated a strong commitment to its reform agenda and has surpassed many targets ahead of schedule.33 However, it continues to navigate complex economic, social, and geopolitical challenges that will require sustained effort, adaptability, and careful management to ensure the long-term success and sustainability of its ambitious transformation.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: A Transformative Blueprint

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is a comprehensive strategic framework that aims to transform the Kingdom across various sectors, ensuring its strength, prosperity, and global influence. It is built on the leadership’s conviction that nations are developed through the efforts and capabilities of their people.

Key objectives and facets of Vision 2030 include:

• Economic Transformation and Diversification
• Diversifying income sources: A core aim is to lessen the reliance on oil as a primary resource. This involves fostering various economic sectors to build a sustainable economy.
• Supporting private sector growth: The Vision seeks to actively support the growth of the private sector.
• Attracting foreign investment: Efforts are made to attract foreign capital and support investment projects.
• Tourism development: Tourism has become a strategic economic tool under Vision 2030, contributing to income diversification. This includes:
• Increasing the tourism sector’s contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to 10%.
• Developing infrastructure, such as improving airports and road networks.
• Launching various tourism seasons and opening tourist visas to over 60 countries.
• Establishing entities like the Tourism Development Fund to support small and medium enterprises in the sector.
• Emphasizing the Kingdom’s position as a safe destination for families and a major growth driver in the global tourism scene.
• Creating integrated tourism experiences by fostering competition among service providers, utilizing data analytics for investment planning, and linking tourism planning with regional and municipal development.
• Financial stability: The Public Investment Fund (PIF) has grown significantly, becoming one of the largest sovereign wealth funds globally and a strategic arm for building a new economy. In 2024, PIF’s total assets increased by 18% to 4.321 billion riyals, and total revenues rose by 25% to 413 billion riyals.
• Human Capital Development and Empowerment
• Job creation: A key objective is to provide job opportunities for Saudi youth of both genders. The unemployment rate among citizens decreased to a record low of 6.3% in the first quarter of 2025.
• Women’s empowerment: The Vision supports Saudi women through initiatives to empower them economically. This has led to a historic drop in female unemployment to 10.5% in the first quarter of 2025. Programs like “Health Sector Leaders” are specifically designed to develop leadership skills among women in the healthcare sector. Vocational training programs like “Bidy” also aim to empower young women by providing them with skills for various fields.
• Educational reform: Vision 2030 places a significant focus on developing technical and applied education, considering it a primary pillar for achieving development goals and providing quality job opportunities. It aims to foster critical thinking, promote physical and mental health, instill societal values, encourage lifelong learning, and make substantial investments in education.
• Leadership development: There is a notable trend towards appointing younger, local, and experienced leaders in Saudi companies, with the average age of CEOs in the top 100 listed companies dropping to 47. The majority of new CEO appointments are internal (71%), reflecting a commitment to developing and retaining domestic talent. Saudi nationals account for 88% of recently appointed CEOs.
• Quality of Life and Community Development
• Enhancing living standards: The Vision aims to improve the overall quality of life for the community.
• Urban development: Projects like the “Humanization of Medina” initiative focus on integrating natural elements with urban spaces to enhance the city’s appeal and preserve its unique architectural character.
• Cultural and Heritage Preservation
• Celebrating heritage: Vision 2030 emphasizes preserving and promoting Saudi Arabia’s rich cultural and historical heritage.
• Cultural initiatives: This includes supporting cultural skills competitions among students to discover and develop their talents, encouraging interaction with national identity, and fostering cultural sustainability.
• Museums and heritage sites: Initiatives like the upcoming “Ashan” Museum aim to preserve Saudi heritage, showcase its diversity, and provide interactive experiences for visitors, fostering a sense of pride in future generations.
• Documenting historical routes: Efforts are underway to document ancient routes, like those in the Al-Baha region, highlighting their historical, economic, social, and religious significance.
• Digital Transformation and Innovation
• Technological advancement: The Vision supports the adoption of advanced technologies and digital transformation across various sectors.
• Smart solutions: In the municipal sector, for instance, initiatives like “Municipal Innovation Hackathon” aim to enhance technological innovation in municipal services and support digital transformation.
• Organized delivery sector: The mandatory permit for home delivery services, effective July 1, 2025, aims to regulate delivery operations, ensure adherence to health and technical standards, and build a safe and effective environment that enhances consumer trust. This contributes to improving service quality and public health.
• Real estate digitalization: The real estate registry is being transformed into an integrated digital system, offering services like property registration, ownership transfer, and managing rights and restrictions, to enhance transparency, efficiency, and protect investment.
• Global Standing and International Relations
• Regional and global leadership: Vision 2030 aims to position Saudi Arabia as a leading economy in the Middle East and globally.
• International cooperation: The Kingdom seeks to strengthen its international presence and relationships, as evidenced by cultural exchange programs with countries like China, promoting Saudi culture globally.
• Peace and stability: Saudi Arabia emphasizes its role in promoting stability and peace internationally, balancing interests and principles, and launching initiatives like “Middle East Green” to address global challenges.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is a comprehensive and ambitious strategic framework designed to fundamentally transform the Kingdom’s economic, social, and cultural landscape. Launched in 2016 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, its core objective is to reduce the country’s heavy reliance on oil revenues and build a diversified, sustainable, and globally competitive economy. The Vision is structured around three interconnected pillars, each with specific objectives and programs.

Here is a deep dive into the objectives of Vision 2030, categorized by its three core pillars:

Pillar 1: A Vibrant Society

This pillar focuses on creating a fulfilling life for citizens and residents, enhancing quality of life, and fostering a strong national identity.

• Objectives related to Culture and Entertainment:
• Increase household spending on cultural and entertainment activities inside the Kingdom from 2.9% to 6%. This is a key driver for developing local entertainment industries and reducing reliance on outbound tourism for leisure.
• Increase the ratio of individuals exercising at least once a week from 13% to 40%. This objective promotes public health and well-being through sports and physical activity, as seen with initiatives like community sports programs and the development of new sports facilities.
• Have three Saudi cities recognized in the top 100 cities in the world. This goal is tied to improving urban infrastructure, public services, and the overall quality of life in major cities like Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam.
• Increase the number of Saudi heritage sites registered with UNESCO. This objective aims to preserve and promote the Kingdom’s rich cultural and historical heritage, attracting tourists and fostering national pride. The Kingdom has already surpassed its 2030 target of 8 UNESCO sites, reaching 9 in 2024.
• Objectives related to Health and Social Well-being:
• Increase average life expectancy from 74 years to 80 years. This is supported by the Health Sector Transformation Program, which aims to restructure the public health system, improve the value and quality of healthcare services, and strengthen disease prevention.
• Boost the contribution of the non-profit sector to GDP. The goal is to increase volunteerism to 1 million citizens annually and the non-profit sector’s contribution to 5% of GDP. This promotes civic engagement and community development.
• Increase home ownership among Saudi families to 70%. The Housing Program aims to create a vibrant environment for families by providing affordable housing options and financing solutions.
• Objectives related to Religious and National Identity:
• Increase the capacity to host Umrah visitors from 8 million to 30 million annually. This objective enhances the spiritual and cultural experience of pilgrims by improving infrastructure and services at the Holy Mosques.
• Foster values of moderation, tolerance, excellence, and discipline. This is a fundamental social goal aimed at promoting a more moderate and inclusive form of Islam while strengthening national values and a sense of belonging.
• Conserve and promote Islamic, Arab, and national heritage. This involves a wide range of initiatives to preserve historical sites, uphold the Arabic language, and instill national pride.

Pillar 2: A Thriving Economy

This pillar is the core of the Vision’s economic diversification strategy, focusing on job creation, private sector growth, and attracting investment.

• Objectives related to Economic Diversification:
• Increase the private sector’s contribution to GDP from 40% to 65%. This is a central objective of Vision 2030 and is being achieved through privatization, deregulation, and creating a more attractive business environment.
• Increase the Public Investment Fund’s (PIF) assets from SAR 600 billion ($160 billion) to over SAR 7 trillion ($1.86 trillion). The PIF is the primary engine of the economic transformation, investing in giga-projects like NEOM, Qiddiya, and the Red Sea Project, and launching promising new sectors. It has already surpassed its initial 2030 target.
• Increase the share of non-oil exports in non-oil GDP from 16% to 50%. This goal is driven by programs like the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP), which aims to transform the Kingdom into a global logistics and industrial hub.
• Increase the contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to GDP from 20% to 35%. This is a key focus for job creation and economic vitality, with initiatives to nurture and support entrepreneurship.
• Objectives related to the Labor Market:
• Lower the unemployment rate from 11.6% to 7%. This target has been surpassed, with the Saudi national unemployment rate dropping to a record low of 6.3% in Q1 2025, leading to a new target of 5% by 2030.
• Increase women’s participation in the workforce from 22% to 30%. This target was surpassed years ahead of schedule, with female labor force participation reaching 36.3% as of early 2025, reflecting significant progress in women’s empowerment.
• Attract and retain the finest Saudi and foreign minds. This objective involves improving living and working conditions for expatriates and implementing a simpler system for visas and residence permits.
• Objectives related to Competitiveness and Investment:
• Increase Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from 3.8% to 5.7% of GDP. This is pursued through privatization, regulatory reforms, and the creation of Special Economic Zones (SEZs).
• Rise to the top 10 countries on the Global Competitiveness Index from its previous position of 25. The Kingdom has already made significant strides, ranking 16th globally in the 2024 World Competitiveness Yearbook.
• Increase the localization of the oil and gas sectors from 40% to 75%. This focuses on building a robust local supply chain and industrial base for the energy sector.

Pillar 3: An Ambitious Nation

This pillar focuses on effective governance, transparency, accountability, and the efficient use of resources.

• Objectives related to Government Efficiency:
• Improve the country’s ranking in the E-Government Survey Index to the top 5. The National Transformation Program (NTP) and the Digital Government Authority are driving this goal by enhancing government services through digital transformation.
• Enhance government transparency and accountability. This involves implementing anti-corruption campaigns and streamlining bureaucratic processes to improve efficiency and public trust.
• Increase non-oil government revenue to SAR 1 trillion ($265 billion) by 2030. This is achieved through new taxes (like VAT), fees, and the proceeds from privatizations.
• Objectives related to Public Sector Performance:
• Ensure public sector employees are equipped with the necessary skills. The Human Capability Development Program is a key part of this, focusing on enhancing values, improving essential skills, and enriching knowledge to prepare the workforce for the future.
• Promote a culture of performance management and accountability. The Vision emphasizes setting clear targets and measuring the performance of government entities and programs through a comprehensive governance framework.

Vision Realization Programs (VRPs)

To achieve these objectives, Vision 2030 is implemented through a series of Vision Realization Programs (VRPs), which are operational plans with specific initiatives, targets, and timelines. Key VRPs include:

• Public Investment Fund Program: To maximize the impact of the PIF on the economy.
• National Transformation Program: A foundational program focused on government excellence and infrastructure.
• Quality of Life Program: To improve citizens’ well-being through culture, entertainment, and sports.
• Human Capability Development Program: To prepare the Saudi workforce for future jobs.
• National Industrial Development and Logistics Program: To transform the Kingdom into an industrial and logistics hub.
• Financial Sector Development Program: To create a diversified and effective financial sector.
• Pilgrim Experience Program: To improve services for Hajj and Umrah visitors.
• Health Sector Transformation Program: To build a comprehensive and effective healthcare system.
• Housing Program: To enable home ownership.

In summary, the objectives of Vision 2030 are deeply interconnected, with economic diversification driving social reforms and efficient governance supporting all initiatives. The progress so far has been remarkable, with many targets being met or surpassed ahead of schedule. However, the scale of the transformation is immense, and ongoing challenges remain, requiring sustained commitment and adaptability to ensure all the ambitious goals are fully realized by 2030.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is a sweeping and ambitious strategic framework designed to fundamentally transform the Kingdom’s economy, society, and public administration. Launched in 2016 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, it aims to reduce the country’s dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors, all while enhancing the quality of life for its citizens and residents.

The Vision is built upon three central pillars (themes), each with a set of specific strategic objectives and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), supported by a range of Vision Realization Programs (VRPs) and national strategies.

The Three Pillars of Vision 2030

1. A Vibrant Society

This pillar focuses on creating a high quality of life for citizens and residents, rooted in Islamic and national values, and fostering a strong sense of community.

Strategic Objectives & Key Goals:

• Deepening Islamic and National Identity:
• Preserving and promoting Islamic heritage and Saudi culture.
• Increasing the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (already surpassed 2030 target of 8 sites).
• Enabling pilgrims (Hajj and Umrah visitors) to have a richer and more fulfilling experience. Target: increasing Umrah visitors from 8 million to 30 million annually by 2030 (exceeded initial targets, now focusing on even higher numbers).
• Promoting a Healthy and Active Lifestyle:
• Increasing the ratio of individuals exercising at least once a week from 13% to 40% by 2030.
• Improving public health and preventive healthcare.
• Increasing average life expectancy from 74 to 80 years by 2030 (reached 78.8 years in 2023, exceeding targets).
• Expanding healthcare services coverage to nearly all population centers.
• Fostering a Culture of Entertainment and Quality of Life:
• Increasing household spending on cultural and entertainment activities inside the Kingdom from 2.9% to 6% by 2030.
• Developing new entertainment facilities, events, and cultural attractions (e.g., Qiddiya, Riyadh Season).
• Aiming for three Saudi cities to be recognized among the top 100 cities globally.
• Strengthening Social and Family Foundations:
• Increasing the rate of Saudi household ownership (target 70% by 2030; reached 65.4% in 2024).
• Promoting family cohesion and providing robust social services.
• Encouraging volunteering and increasing the number of volunteers (exceeded 2030 target of 1 million, reaching over 1.2 million by end of 2024).
• Enhancing the role and impact of the non-profit sector.

Key VRPs/Programs:

• Quality of Life Program: Focuses on improving livability, urban design, cultural and entertainment offerings.
• Pilgrim Experience Program: Aims to enhance services and infrastructure for pilgrims.
• Human Capability Development Program: Though also relevant to economy, it focuses on education, health, and skill development for a vibrant society.

2. A Thriving Economy

This pillar focuses on diversifying economic resources, creating new industries, increasing the private sector’s role, and generating diverse employment opportunities for Saudi citizens.

Strategic Objectives & Key Goals:

• Economic Diversification and Reduced Oil Dependence:
• Increasing the share of non-oil GDP from 40% to 65% by 2030 (reached 47% in 2024, exceeding target).
• Increasing non-oil exports as a percentage of non-oil GDP from 16% to 50% by 2030.
• Maximizing value from the energy sector through localization (target 75% for oil & gas local content).
• Developing renewable energy sources (aiming for 50% of electricity from renewables by 2030).
• Boosting Private Sector Contribution:
• Increasing the private sector’s contribution to GDP from 40% to 65% by 2030.
• Increasing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) contribution to GDP from 20% to 35% by 2030.
• Enhancing the ease of doing business and improving the investment environment.
• Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to reach 5.7% of GDP (reached 2.4% in 2023, meeting target).
• Becoming a Global Investment Powerhouse:
• Growing the Public Investment Fund (PIF) assets under management from SAR 600 billion (baseline) to over SAR 7 trillion ($1.87 trillion) by 2030 (already exceeded initial target, now revised to $2.67 trillion by 2030, with PIF reaching $941 billion by end 2024).
• Unlocking new sectors and building strategic economic partnerships through the PIF.
• Creating Diverse Employment Opportunities:
• Lowering the unemployment rate among Saudis from 11.6% to 7% by 2030 (achieved 7% in 2024, now targeting 5% by 2030).
• Increasing women’s participation in the workforce from 22% to 40% (exceeded original 30% target, reaching 33.5% in Q3 2024).
• Developing human capital in line with labor market needs and ensuring alignment of educational outputs with job market requirements.
• Attracting relevant foreign talent for the economy.
• Positioning as a Global Logistics Hub:
• Improving the Kingdom’s ranking in the Logistics Performance Index from 49 to 25 and establishing it as a regional leader.
• Creating and improving performance of logistics hubs and enhancing connectivity.
• Developing Key Non-Oil Sectors:
• Mining: Maximizing value from the mining sector.
• Digital Economy: Fostering growth in technology, AI, and digital services.
• Tourism & Entertainment: Significant investments to become a leading global destination.
• Manufacturing: Localizing promising industries, including military manufacturing (target 50% localization by 2030).

Key VRPs/Programs:

• Public Investment Fund (PIF) Program: Central to financing giga-projects and diversifying investments.
• National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP): Focuses on industry, mining, energy, and logistics.
• Financial Sector Development Program: Aims to develop a diversified and effective financial sector.
• Privatization Program: Identifies and facilitates the privatization of government services and assets.
• Human Capability Development Program: Addresses education and workforce readiness.

3. An Ambitious Nation

This pillar emphasizes good governance, accountability, and enabling the private sector and civil society to play a greater role.

Strategic Objectives & Key Goals:

• Effective and Accountable Government:
• Improving government effectiveness and ensuring transparency.
• Enhancing e-government services and digital transformation (ranked 6th globally in UN E-Government Development Index in 2024, surpassing targets).
• Strengthening communication channels with citizens and the business community.
• Promoting accountability and anti-corruption efforts.
• Responsible and Enabled Citizens:
• Promoting social responsibility among businesses.
• Empowering the non-profit sector to create a deeper impact.
• Increasing household savings.
• Global Competitiveness:
• Rising from 25th to the top 10 countries on the Global Competitiveness Index.
• Becoming one of the top 15 largest economies in the world.

Key VRPs/Programs:

• National Transformation Program (NTP): Focuses on governmental restructuring and efficiency.
• Fiscal Sustainability Program: Aims for prudent financial management and a balanced budget.
• Governance Framework: Implementing robust governance structures and performance management systems.

Vision Realization Programs (VRPs)

To achieve these ambitious objectives, Vision 2030 is supported by a series of VRPs, which are detailed, targeted programs with specific initiatives, KPIs, and timelines. Some of the most prominent VRPs include:

• Public Investment Fund (PIF) Program: As mentioned, this is the financial engine driving many Vision projects.
• National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP): Drives growth in industrial, mining, energy, and logistics sectors.
• Financial Sector Development Program (FSDP): Aims to build a diversified and effective financial sector.
• Human Capability Development Program (HCDP): Focuses on education, skills, and lifelong learning for all citizens.
• Quality of Life Program: Enhances living standards, entertainment, and cultural opportunities.
• Housing Program: Works to increase home ownership for Saudis.
• Health Sector Transformation Program: Restructures the healthcare system for better quality and access.
• Privatization Program: Identifies and prepares government assets and services for privatization.
• Pilgrim Experience Program: Improves infrastructure and services for Hajj and Umrah visitors.
• National Transformation Program (NTP): Enhances government efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness.

Overall Progress and Strategic Direction

As of mid-2025, Saudi Arabia has demonstrated remarkable progress in achieving many of its Vision 2030 objectives, often ahead of schedule. Key achievements include significant increases in non-oil GDP, female labor force participation, FDI, and improvements in various quality of life indicators. The Kingdom has shown a strong commitment to its reform agenda, backed by massive investments, particularly through the PIF.

The Vision is not static; it involves continuous monitoring of KPIs, adjustments to strategies, and even upward revisions of targets as progress is made. This dynamic approach reflects the Kingdom’s determination to build a sustainable, diversified, and globally integrated future.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Economic Diversification and Global Factors

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 itself represents a strategic response to global economic factors, aiming to transform the Kingdom’s economy by reducing its reliance on oil as a primary resource and diversifying its income sources. This proactive approach underscores the leadership’s understanding of the dynamic nature of the global economy.

The sources highlight several key global economic factors:

• Oil Prices and Supply/Demand Dynamics:
• Oil prices have seen declines due to various factors, including the de-escalation of geopolitical risks in the Middle East.
• Expectations of increased production from OPEC+ (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies) are contributing to lower prices. For instance, OPEC+ is projected to increase production by 411,000 barrels per day in August, following similar increases in May, June, and July.
• Concerns about a slowdown in global demand for oil, particularly from China, are also exerting downward pressure on prices. This is reinforced by data showing weak Chinese factory activity and declining exports.
• The International Energy Agency (IEA) anticipates an increase in overall oil demand but suggests that this demand may not keep pace with the growing supply, leading to continued pressure on prices.
• Interest Rates and Inflation:
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF) reported that its net profit was affected by global economic challenges, including rising interest rates and inflation.
• The US Federal Reserve’s interest rate policies significantly influence global markets. There is an anticipation among investors of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve due to signs of economic slowdown, particularly in the labor market. Such cuts could make non-yielding assets like gold more attractive.
• Currency Fluctuations:
• The weakness of the US dollar has been noted as a factor supporting the rise in gold prices. A weaker dollar makes commodities priced in dollars cheaper for holders of other currencies, thereby increasing demand. The dollar index has been near its lowest level in three years.
• Geopolitical Risks and Trade Policies:
• The subsiding of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, such as the ceasefire between Iran and Israel, has reduced the risk premium embedded in oil prices.
• Trade agreements and tariffs are also significant. For example, Canada’s decision to drop a digital services tax on US technology companies, and the US-UK trade agreement lowering tariffs, affect global trade dynamics. Conversely, US tariffs on Chinese goods have contributed to negative sentiment regarding Chinese manufacturing and have impacted commodity demand like copper.
• Global Economic Growth and Stability:
• There remains uncertainty and caution regarding global growth forecasts. Factors such as US debt burden and its potential impact on investor appetite for US treasury bonds contribute to this uncertainty.
• The overall goal of Vision 2030, through economic diversification and strengthening the private sector, is to build a sustainable economy that is less vulnerable to global fluctuations and positions Saudi Arabia as a leading economy globally.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is inherently exposed to global economic factors, given its ambitious scope and the Kingdom’s traditional reliance on oil.1 However, the very purpose of Vision 2030 is to build resilience against these external shocks by diversifying the economy.2 This research delves into the interplay between global economic factors and Vision 2030, examining both the challenges and the strategies employed to mitigate them.

I. Global Economic Factors and Their Impact on Vision 2030

A. Oil Price Volatility

• The Foundational Challenge: Vision 2030 was conceived in response to a period of sustained low oil prices. Historically, Saudi Arabia’s budget and economic growth were inextricably linked to hydrocarbon revenues. Plunging oil prices directly impact government revenue, which in turn affects the Public Investment Fund (PIF)’s capacity to fund its mega-projects.3
• Impact:
• Reduced Revenue: Lower oil prices mean less government income, potentially leading to budget deficits and increased reliance on debt financing.
• Funding Constraints for PIF: The PIF, the primary vehicle for Vision 2030 investments, partly relies on oil revenues and dividends from Saudi Aramco.4 Sustained low prices could necessitate scaling back or delaying some of the ambitious giga-projects (e.g., NEOM, Red Sea Project, Qiddiya). Some reports have indicated a recalibration or re-prioritization of certain large projects due to financial considerations.5
• Fiscal Stability: While the government has significantly improved its fiscal management, sustained low prices can put pressure on its ability to maintain public spending, subsidies, and social programs.
• Vision 2030’s Resilience Strategy: Diversification of non-oil GDP is the core defense mechanism. By growing sectors like tourism, entertainment, technology, and manufacturing, Saudi Arabia aims to create alternative revenue streams that are less susceptible to oil market fluctuations.6 Studies by KAPSARC (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) suggest that Vision 2030’s economic reforms could make Saudi Arabia’s economy up to 60% more resilient to oil price shocks by 2030.7 The IMF has also noted the economy’s strong resilience, with non-oil activities expanding despite lower oil revenues and higher investment-related imports.8

B. Global Inflation

• Impact:
• Increased Project Costs: High global inflation drives up the cost of raw materials, construction, labor, and imported components necessary for the massive infrastructure projects under Vision 2030. This can lead to budget overruns and delays.
• Pressure on Public Finances: If inflation outpaces revenue growth, it can erode the purchasing power of government spending, making it more expensive to deliver on Vision 2030 objectives.9
• Cost of Living: Inflation can also impact the cost of living for citizens and residents, potentially leading to social discontent if real wages do not keep pace.
• Vision 2030’s Resilience Strategy: Saudi Arabia has largely managed to keep inflation contained, with recent IMF reports noting it remained around 2% despite global uncertainties.10 This is attributed to factors like the credible peg of the Saudi Riyal to the US Dollar, continued domestic subsidies (though some are being phased out), and proactive monetary policy.11 Localization efforts in various industries are also designed to reduce reliance on imported goods, thereby mitigating imported inflation.

C. Global Economic Slowdowns/Recessions

• Impact:
• Reduced Demand for Oil: A global economic slowdown would likely decrease demand for oil, pushing prices down and exacerbating the challenges of oil price volatility.
• Lower FDI: Recessions or periods of economic uncertainty can deter foreign direct investment (FDI), which is crucial for the private sector growth and new industry development outlined in Vision 2030. Companies may reduce international expansion plans or pull back on capital expenditures.
• Tourism and Trade Slump: Economic slowdowns can significantly reduce international travel and trade, directly impacting Saudi Arabia’s burgeoning tourism sector and its ambition to become a global logistics hub.
• Vision 2030’s Resilience Strategy: The government’s large-scale public investment, primarily through the PIF, acts as a counter-cyclical force. By continuing to invest heavily in non-oil sectors and mega-projects, Saudi Arabia aims to stimulate domestic demand and job creation, even if global economic activity is weak. This “Big Push” investment strategy is designed to create a momentum that is somewhat decoupled from global economic cycles, at least in the initial stages.

D. Geopolitical Risks and Regional Instability

• Impact:
• Security Concerns: Regional conflicts (e.g., Yemen, Red Sea tensions) can deter investors and tourists due to perceived security risks. They can also disrupt supply chains, raising costs for projects.12
• Impact on Oil Markets: Geopolitical tensions often lead to spikes in oil prices, which while beneficial for revenue in the short term, can also increase global economic uncertainty. Conversely, a resolution of tensions might lead to a price drop if supply returns to normal.
• Foreign Policy Dilemmas: Saudi Arabia’s strategic alliances (e.g., with the US and China) can present complex foreign policy challenges, impacting its ability to balance partnerships for economic diversification without compromising security or political objectives.13
• Vision 2030’s Resilience Strategy: Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing a more diversified foreign policy, engaging with a wider range of global partners.14 This involves de-escalation efforts in regional conflicts and fostering diplomatic ties to enhance stability.15 The focus on developing domestic capabilities, including military industrialization, also aims to reduce reliance on external defense partnerships and enhance national security.

E. Global Supply Chain Disruptions

• Impact:
• Project Delays and Cost Overruns: Disruptions (e.g., pandemics, geopolitical events, natural disasters) can delay the delivery of critical materials and equipment for mega-projects, leading to cost increases and missed deadlines.
• Reduced Efficiency: Supply chain bottlenecks can hinder the efficiency of new industries and logistics hubs being developed under Vision 2030.
• Vision 2030’s Resilience Strategy: Saudi Arabia is investing heavily in logistics infrastructure to become a global hub, which inherently aims to improve supply chain resilience for the region.16 Furthermore, efforts to localize manufacturing and diversify sourcing for critical components are part of the strategy to reduce vulnerability to external disruptions.17

II. Vision 2030’s Built-in Resilience Mechanisms

Vision 2030 itself is a grand strategy for building resilience against global economic factors. Key elements include:

1. Economic Diversification: Moving away from a sole reliance on oil revenue to create multiple, sustainable economic drivers (tourism, technology, entertainment, mining, manufacturing, logistics).18
2. Public Investment Fund (PIF): A sovereign wealth fund with significant assets, acting as a financial buffer and a primary engine for non-oil sector growth, capable of sustained domestic investment even during global downturns.19
3. Fiscal Reforms: Implementing measures to strengthen public finances, including spending efficiency, revenue diversification (e.g., VAT, targeted taxes), and debt management to ensure sustainability.
4. Human Capital Development: Investing in education and training to create a skilled Saudi workforce, reducing dependence on foreign labor and ensuring that economic growth translates into local employment.
5. Regulatory Reforms and Business Environment: Streamlining regulations, improving ease of doing business, and offering incentives (e.g., special economic zones, 100% foreign ownership in some sectors) to attract and retain foreign and domestic investment.20
6. Digital Transformation: Leveraging technology and AI to enhance government efficiency, foster innovation, and create new digital economy opportunities, which can be less susceptible to traditional economic cycles.21
7. Strategic Partnerships: Actively engaging with international partners and diversifying economic relationships to spread risk and leverage global expertise and capital.22

Conclusion

Saudi Vision 2030 is fundamentally a response to and a hedge against global economic volatility, particularly oil price fluctuations. While the Kingdom remains exposed to external factors like global inflation, economic slowdowns, and geopolitical risks, its comprehensive reform agenda is designed to build a more diversified, resilient, and sustainable economy. The significant progress made thus far, especially in non-oil sector growth and increased female labor force participation, indicates a strong commitment and positive trajectory.23 The long-term success of Vision 2030 will ultimately depend on the continued disciplined implementation of its programs and the agility to adapt to an ever-changing global economic landscape.

Gaza’s Collapse and Regional Conflicts

The provided sources offer detailed information regarding the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and regional conflicts, particularly those influencing global economic factors and involving key international actors.

Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza

The situation in Gaza is described as being “on the verge of health and humanitarian collapse”.

Key Aspects of the Crisis:

• Duration and Impact: The “war of collective extermination” waged by the Israeli occupation forces on Gaza has entered its 633rd consecutive day. This period has seen intensified crimes of killing, destruction, displacement, and starvation against the residents.
• Casualties and Missing:Tens of thousands of residents have been killed or injured.
• Thousands are reported missing under the rubble.
• The Governmental Media Office in Gaza reported that the number of martyrs at Israeli-American aid distribution centers rose to 580, with 4,216 injured and 39 missing, all of whom were civilians suffering from starvation and siege.
• Recent incidents include 4 martyrs and 15 injured after an Israeli warplane targeted a medical point near the “Halawa” school, which shelters displaced people in Jabalia.
• A medical source from Al-Ma’amdani Hospital reported 4 martyrs and 2 injured from shelling on the second floor of a school sheltering displaced people in the Zeitoun neighborhood.
• One martyr and other injured were reported in the shelling of a displaced persons’ shelter in Attar area, Khan Yunis.
• Five martyrs were killed by Israeli shelling of a group of citizens near Martyrs’ Square in Al-Shati refugee camp, west of Gaza City.
• Infrastructure Destruction and Lack of Basic Services:Fuel Blockade: UNRWA confirmed that the Israeli ban on fuel entry, in place for over four months, threatens a complete collapse of essential services in the Gaza Strip. Fuel is described as a matter of “life or death” in Gaza, and its continued denial threatens the functionality of hospitals and water distribution networks.
• Water Supply: UNRWA has continued to supply water through trucks and bottled water, but the fuel ban still poses a significant threat to water services.
• Aid Restrictions: Israeli occupation authorities have prevented the entry of any supplies for UNRWA since March 2nd, a step described as threatening an “unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe”. UNRWA stressed that access to water is a “fundamental human right against starvation”.
• Telecommunications Sector: The Israeli aggression has caused widespread damage to the telecommunications sector, destroying approximately 74% of its assets. Direct losses are estimated at $164 million, including the destruction of 580 cellular towers and main fiber optic networks. Projected economic losses over the next five years could reach $736 million. The continued deterioration of the digital infrastructure leads to widespread service interruptions, with no practical steps to implement UN Resolution 1424 (2024) for its reconstruction.
• Illegal Demolitions and Exploitation: A report revealed that the Israeli occupation army pays private contractors 5,000 Shekels (around $1,500 USD) for every house demolished in Gaza. Soldiers reported these contractors making significant profits. This demolition campaign brings the contractors and their security personnel closer to aid distribution points. There are also reports of soldiers shooting at starving Palestinians waiting for aid for their own protection.
• Daily Suffering: Residents of Gaza have endured daily suffering for nearly 22 months, facing continuous shelling and a complete lack of basic necessities.

Regional Conflicts

The sources highlight several regional conflicts and their wider implications:

• Middle East Geopolitical Risks:Oil prices have seen declines due to the “de-escalation of geopolitical risks in the Middle East”.
• The ceasefire between Iran and Israel, facilitated by President Donald Trump, significantly reduced the “risk premium” on oil prices.
• Iran-Israel Tensions:A 12-day conflict began with Israel targeting Iranian nuclear facilities on June 13, leading to a spike in Brent crude prices. Prices then fell after the ceasefire announcement.
• Iran formally requested the United Nations to recognize Israel and the United States as responsible for the war, seeking reparations and reforms. Iran also denied threatening the IAEA Director-General Rafael Grossi, despite condemnation from Germany, France, and the UK regarding perceived threats.
• Former US President Trump stated that Iran had not transferred any enriched uranium and confirmed that the US strikes had “totally destroyed” Iran’s nuclear facilities.
• The Iranian President expressed his country’s readiness for “comprehensive cooperation” with the Gulf Cooperation Council, aiming to open a new chapter in regional relations.
• West Bank Aggressions:Israeli occupation forces have carried out widespread arrest campaigns and settler attacks against Palestinians and their properties across various areas of the occupied West Bank.
• Incidents include incursions into Nablus, arrests, confrontations involving live fire, road closures by settlers, and the uprooting of olive trees, as part of a “systematic destruction campaign” against Palestinian land and environment.
• Settlers have seized lands and issued orders to isolate areas to expand settlements and connect them.
• War in Ukraine:The Kremlin indicated that the pace of talks to end the war in Ukraine depends on Kyiv’s stance and the effectiveness of US mediation.
• Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a decree concerning withdrawal from the Ottawa Treaty, which bans anti-personnel mines, deeming it necessary due to Russian tactics. He also urged the international community to intensify sanctions against Russia, calling them a “vital tool” against the Russian war machine.
• Humanitarian Aid to Sudan: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre distributed 1,250 food baskets to displaced families in Sheikan locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan, benefiting 8,092 families, as part of supporting food security.

The situation in Gaza, ignited by the Hamas-led attack on October 7, 2023, and Israel’s subsequent military response, has led to a catastrophic humanitarian crisis and significantly escalated regional conflicts. The term “Gaza’s collapse” accurately reflects the dire state of the Strip, which has been devastated by relentless bombardment, ground operations, and a severe blockade.

## I. Gaza’s Collapse: A Humanitarian Catastrophe

The Gaza Strip, already suffering from a long-standing blockade since 2007, has experienced an unprecedented level of destruction and human suffering since October 2023.

**A. Human Toll and Displacement:**

* **Mass Casualties:** As of late June 2025, the Ministry of Health in Gaza reports over 56,000 Palestinians killed and more than 132,000 injured. Over half of the reported fatalities are women and children. This death toll surpasses that of all other Israeli-Palestinian conflicts combined.

* **Widespread Displacement:** An estimated 1.9 million Palestinians, or about 90% of Gaza’s population, have been displaced, many multiple times. People are confined to ever-shrinking spaces, seeking refuge in overcrowded displacement sites, makeshift shelters, damaged buildings, streets, and open areas.

* **Hostages:** Approximately 58 of the more than 200 hostages taken by Hamas on October 7, 2023, are still believed to be held in Gaza, with fewer than half thought to be alive.

**B. Infrastructural Devastation:**

* **Widespread Destruction:** Over 90% of homes in Gaza have been damaged or destroyed. Critical infrastructure, including hospitals, schools, shelters, religious sites, and essential services like bakeries, have been extensively damaged or completely destroyed.

* **Healthcare System Collapse:** Almost half of Gaza’s 36 hospitals are only partially functional and are severely understaffed, lacking medical supplies, and overwhelmed with patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported hundreds of attacks on healthcare facilities and ambulances.

* **Water and Sanitation Crisis:** Only about 40% of drinking water facilities are functional, and fuel shortages have pushed water systems to near collapse. By mid-June 2025, 93% of households faced water insecurity, leading to severe public health risks and the spread of waterborne diseases.

* **Education System Paralysis:** Over 76,000 students in Gaza have been unable to sit for their general secondary examinations over the past two academic years, indicative of the complete breakdown of the education system.

**C. Famine and Food Insecurity:**

* **Imminent Famine:** The entire population of Gaza is facing crisis-level or worse food insecurity, with nearly half a million at risk of famine. Families often survive on just one nutritionally poor meal per day, with adults often skipping meals to prioritize children, the elderly, and the ill.

* **Aid Obstruction:** Restrictions on humanitarian aid by Israeli authorities, including the closure of critical crossings and denials/delays in processing relief access, have severely impacted the delivery of essential supplies. Over 500 Palestinians have reportedly been killed while seeking food since late May 2025.

* **Malnutrition:** UNICEF reports that an average of 112 children a day have been admitted for treatment for acute malnutrition between January and May 2025, with the situation set to deteriorate if conditions do not change immediately.

**D. Societal Breakdown:**

* The continuous military assaults and dire humanitarian situation have led to a near-total breakdown of civil order. Reports of theft of relief supplies, societal and institutional breakdown, and the inability of law enforcement to function are prevalent.

* Incidents of gender-based violence are rising, with women and girls facing increased risks of abuse, exploitation, and coercion in their struggle for survival.

**E. International Response:**

* The international community, including the UN, NGOs, and various countries, has consistently called for a ceasefire, unrestricted humanitarian access, and the protection of civilians.

* Efforts to mediate ceasefires and hostage releases have been sporadic and often unsuccessful. The United States has provided extensive military and diplomatic support to Israel, including vetoing multiple pro-ceasefire resolutions at the UN Security Council.

* International aid organizations face immense challenges, including safety concerns for their staff (over 463 aid workers killed since Oct 2023), damaged infrastructure, and restrictions on aid entry and distribution.

## II. Escalation of Regional Conflicts

The Gaza war has served as a major catalyst for regional instability, escalating existing tensions and sparking new fronts of conflict, largely involving Iran and its “Axis of Resistance.”

**A. Israel-Hezbollah Front (Lebanon):**

* **Ongoing Clashes:** Since October 7, 2023, the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah, backed by Iran, has engaged in daily cross-border exchanges of fire with Israel. This has been the most significant escalation between the two since the 2006 Lebanon War.

* **Displacement:** Tens of thousands of residents on both sides of the Israel-Lebanon border have been displaced due to the ongoing hostilities.

* **Risk of All-Out War:** The persistent clashes and rhetoric from both sides have led to fears of a full-scale war, which would be catastrophic for Lebanon and the wider region. Israeli officials have warned of severe consequences for Beirut if Hezbollah does not cease its attacks.

* **Impact on Lebanon:** Lebanon, already grappling with a severe economic crisis, is further destabilized by the conflict, affecting its infrastructure, tourism, and overall recovery prospects.

**B. Red Sea Attacks (Yemen’s Houthis):**

* **Houthi Attacks:** The Iran-aligned Houthi rebels in Yemen began launching missile and drone attacks against commercial shipping in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden in late 2023, claiming solidarity with Palestinians in Gaza and targeting vessels linked to Israel.

* **Global Shipping Disruption:** These attacks have severely disrupted global shipping, forcing many shipping companies to reroute vessels around the Cape of Good Hope, increasing transit times and costs.

* **US-UK Military Response:** The United States and the United Kingdom, along with other allies, have launched retaliatory strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen to degrade their capabilities and restore freedom of navigation.

* **Escalation Risks:** The Red Sea crisis adds another layer of complexity to regional conflicts, risking direct confrontation between global powers and non-state actors.

**C. Iraq and Syria (Iran-backed Militias):**

* **Strikes on US Bases:** Iran-backed militias in Iraq and Syria have conducted numerous rocket and drone attacks on US military bases in both countries since October 2023, in response to US support for Israel.

* **US Retaliatory Strikes:** The US has conducted retaliatory airstrikes against these groups, aiming to deter attacks and protect its forces.

* **Regional Proxy Conflict:** These exchanges highlight the broader proxy conflict between the US/Israel and Iran and its allies, with Iraq and Syria serving as key battlegrounds.

**D. West Bank:**

* **Increased Violence:** The occupied West Bank has also seen a significant escalation in violence since October 2023, with increased Israeli military raids, settler attacks on Palestinian communities, and a rise in Palestinian fatalities.

* **Economic Meltdown:** Israeli siege measures have led to an economic meltdown in the West Bank, with severe restrictions on movement and Israel withholding tax revenues owed to the Palestinian Authority (PA), further eroding the PA’s already fragile standing.

**E. Impact on Arab-Israeli Normalization (Abraham Accords):**

* **Stalled Momentum:** The Gaza war has severely stalled the momentum of Arab-Israeli normalization, particularly the potential deal between Saudi Arabia and Israel. Arab public opinion, fueled by the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, has become strongly anti-normalization.

* **Diplomatic Chill:** Several Arab countries, including Jordan, Bahrain, Turkey, Colombia, and Chile, have recalled their ambassadors or severed diplomatic ties with Israel in protest of its actions in Gaza.

* **Pressure on Arab Regimes:** Arab governments face immense pressure from their populations to demonstrate solidarity with Palestinians, making overt normalization steps politically unfeasible in the current climate.

**F. Iran’s Role:**

* Iran plays a central role in coordinating and supporting the “Axis of Resistance” (Hamas, Hezbollah, Houthis, and Iraqi/Syrian militias). While Iran has largely avoided direct military confrontation with Israel or the US, its proxy network allows it to exert significant regional influence and challenge its adversaries without direct engagement. This strategy amplifies regional instability.

## Conclusion

Gaza has suffered a catastrophic collapse, with an unimaginable human toll and widespread destruction. The conflict has not remained confined to the Strip; it has ignited a dangerous cycle of escalation across the Middle East. From the northern Israeli-Lebanese border to the Red Sea and beyond, regional actors are entangled in a broader web of conflicts, raising the specter of a wider, more devastating regional war. The humanitarian crisis in Gaza continues to be the most pressing concern, while international efforts to secure a lasting ceasefire and deliver aid remain hampered by political complexities and ongoing hostilities. The long-term implications for regional stability, international relations, and the future of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are profound and deeply concerning.

Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030 and National Initiatives

Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing numerous national initiatives, many of which fall under the umbrella of its overarching Vision 2030, reflecting a commitment to broad economic diversification, social advancement, and digital transformation.

Here are details about various national initiatives:

• Vision 2030 (Overarching National Strategy):
• Goal: To transform the Kingdom’s economy by reducing its reliance on oil, diversifying income sources, and strengthening the private sector.
• Impact: It has positioned Saudi Arabia as a leading economy in the Middle East and globally. Key achievements include a significant decrease in unemployment rates among citizens to 6.3% and among women to 10.5% by Q1 2025.
• Focus: Emphasizes sustainable development, attracting foreign investment, creating job opportunities for both genders, and investing in human capital. It serves as a strategic roadmap for various sectors, including tourism, health, education, and digital infrastructure.
• Public Investment Fund (PIF):
• Role: Serves as a strategic arm for building a new economy.
• Performance (2024): Reported a significant increase in total assets by 18% to 4.321 billion Saudi Riyals (SAR) and a 25% rise in revenues to 413 billion SAR.
• Funding: Actively diversifies its funding sources through successful deals in global financial markets, including issuing USD-denominated sukuk (worth $2 billion) and its first GBP-denominated bonds (worth £650 million).
• Challenges: Its net profit was impacted by global economic challenges such as rising interest rates and inflation.
• Home Delivery Permit for Food and Non-Food Establishments:
• Implementation: Becomes mandatory starting July 1, 2025.
• Objectives: Aims to regulate domestic delivery operations, ensure compliance with health and technical standards, create a safe and effective environment, and enhance consumer trust.
• Requirements: Mandates health certificates for delivery workers, clear display of the establishment’s name or trademark on the delivery vehicle, and proper equipping of vehicles to preserve product quality and temperature.
• Addressing Issues: Designed to mitigate problems like poor transport methods, traffic congestion, and misconduct by delivery personnel. The sector saw 79.6 million requests in Q1 2025, a 22% increase year-on-year.
• “Nezaha” (Anti-Corruption Authority) Investigations:
• Activity: Continues to investigate cases of financial and administrative corruption, with 18 criminal cases initiated recently.
• Commitment: The authority emphasizes its continuous efforts to monitor and apprehend individuals misusing public funds or exploiting their positions, asserting that corruption crimes do not fall under the statute of limitations.
• King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre (KSrelief):
• Aid Efforts: Distributed 1,250 food baskets to 8,092 displaced families in Sudan’s North Kordofan State as part of a food security support project for 2025. This highlights Saudi Arabia’s ongoing humanitarian and relief initiatives globally.
• King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran:
• Visitors: Hosted 28,726 visitors from various nationalities in June, including Hajj pilgrims and Umrah visitors.
• Impact: Reinforces its status as a global landmark for printing and disseminating the Holy Quran and its sciences, supported by the leadership’s continuous care.
• “Wa’ed” Program (King Saud University):
• Purpose: Launched to support and empower new academic staff and researchers, enhancing research excellence and building a strong research foundation.
• Components: Includes equipping research labs, encouraging participation in specialized workshops and conferences, and fostering collaborative research.
• “Female Health Leaders” Program (Saudi Commission for Health Specialties):
• Objective: Aims to develop leadership skills among female professionals in the health sector, focusing on enhancing leadership capabilities, strategic planning, innovative strategies, and teamwork, in line with Vision 2030’s women empowerment goals.
• “Rural Tourism Award” Platform (Qassim Region):
• Launch: Initiated to support and develop the tourism sector and rural destinations.
• Vision: Underscores Qassim’s unique rural and tourism assets, aiming to stimulate creativity and excellence in rural tourism experiences and empower entrepreneurs, aligning with Vision 2030’s tourism goals.
• “Biyadi” Program for Girls’ Qualification (Eastern Province):
• Focus: A vocational program for girls, organized by the Dammam Secondary Industrial Institute, with cooperation from the Social Development Center in Dammam.
• Empowerment: Reflects the leadership’s support for women’s empowerment in various fields, contributing to national development and aligning with Vision 2030.
• “Municipal Innovation Hackathon” (Al-Baha Region):
• Goal: Launched to enhance technological innovation in municipal services, support digital transformation, and adopt cutting-edge technologies. It aligns with Vision 2030 by empowering national competencies and fostering innovation.
• “Mawhiba Al-Ithra’i Al-Bahthi” Program (King Faisal University):
• Description: A research enrichment program for students, in partnership with the “Mawhiba” foundation.
• Aims: To introduce students to scientific research fundamentals and ethics, develop personal and social skills, and foster a knowledge-based, innovative society.
• Saudi Seasons (Tourism Initiative):
• Role: Established as a key platform to enhance national identity and attract visitors.
• Development: Incorporates sustainability and innovation within luxury tourism projects, such as AMAALA and the Red Sea Project.
• Economic Impact: Aims to diversify income sources, build a sustainable economy, and has generated over 836,000 direct and indirect jobs by 2024. Efforts include improving tourism infrastructure, roads, opening tourist visas to over 60 countries, and establishing a Tourism Development Fund.
• Challenges: Still faces challenges like high accommodation prices and limited marketing for some promising destinations.
• “Al-Bayt Baytkom… Ya Ba’d Hayyi” Festival (Hail Region):
• Duration: A 30-day festival.
• Activities: Features over 40 traditional crafts, artistic performances (including folk dances), and heritage corners, aimed at supporting local artisans and promoting cultural and tourism development in the region.
• Raghadan Forest Park Development (Al-Baha):
• Enhancement: Ongoing development projects, including “Raghadan Delight Park,” are aimed at enhancing the visitor experience and promoting domestic tourism by leveraging the region’s natural attractions.
• National Center for Combating Desertification and Developing Vegetation Cover:
• Mandate: Works to establish and protect sustainable vegetation cover across the Kingdom, rehabilitate degraded lands, and restore biodiversity in natural environments.
• “Ansanat Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah” (Humanizing Medina Project):
• Approach: This initiative utilizes natural stones in urban development and shaping public spaces within central areas of Medina.
• Goal: To preserve the city’s architectural identity, enhance its appeal as a cultural and tourist destination, and improve the quality of life for residents.
• Coastal Cleanup Campaigns (Madinah Region):
• Efforts: The Border Guard Command conducts environmental campaigns to clean beaches and sea beds, including Al-Aiqah beach.
• Purpose: Aims to raise environmental awareness, promote community responsibility, and contribute to protecting marine and coastal environments.
• Saudi-Chinese Cultural Program:
• Collaboration: The Ministry of Culture has signed an executive program with the Chinese-Arab Center for Cultural Studies to deepen cultural partnerships.
• Activities: Includes joint research on cultural content, reciprocal visits for Saudi and Chinese researchers, and offering research fellowships, strengthening bilateral relations.
• Cultural Skills Competition (Ministry of Culture):
• Program: A training camp for 162 students from across the Kingdom to develop cultural and artistic skills.
• Impact: Aims to discover and nurture talents, preserve Saudi cultural heritage, raise awareness, and effectively utilize creative energies, aligning with Vision 2030’s cultural sustainability goals.
• “Oqab” (Ancient Paths) Documentation Project (Al-Baha Region):
• Description: A comprehensive survey and scientific documentation of ancient paths (“Oqab”) connecting the elevated Sarawat Mountains with the low-lying Tehama plains.
• Significance: These paths served vital historical, economic, trade, agricultural, social, and religious purposes, linking regions and facilitating movement. The project discovered 35 ancient paths.
• “Ashan” Museum (Diriyah):
• Nature: A non-profit initiative under the patronage of Princess Sara bint Mashhour Al Saud.
• Mission: To preserve and celebrate Saudi heritage through interactive exhibitions, educational programs, and research, aligning with Vision 2030’s goals for the non-profit sector and heritage preservation.
• “Tuwaiq Academy” (SDAIA – Saudi Data and AI Authority):
• Focus: Aims to prepare a skilled generation proficient in the tools of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, contributing to a knowledge-based economy. It supports innovation and research in AI.
• Saudi Electronic Sports World Cup 2025:
• Event Details: The largest esports event ever, hosted in Riyadh from July 7 to August 24, 2025.
• Scale: Features over 2,000 professional players and 200 top clubs from more than 100 countries, competing in 25 games for over $70 million in prizes. Aims to solidify Saudi Arabia’s global leadership in esports.
• “Elite Sports Scholarship Camp” (Saudi Golf Federation):
• Objective: Organized in collaboration with IMG Academy, it aims to identify and develop emerging Arab golf talents under 18 years old, providing a professional pathway to reach top international competition levels by 2035.
• Real Estate Registry:
• Function: A unified, secure, and digital platform that provides citizens and investors easy access to accurate and updated real estate information, including ownership records, historical transactions, and associated rights.
• Benefits: Enhances transparency and governance, boosts investor confidence, reduces disputes, and supports strategic investment decisions by providing valuable market insights. It is a key enabler for sustainable development, aligning with Vision 2030’s digital transformation goals.
• Education Development Program:
• Core Principles: Advocates for shifting from traditional teaching to fostering critical thinking and lifelong learning.
• Key Areas: Emphasizes holistic student development (physical, mental, ethical), promoting values like respect for the environment, and engaging parents as key partners.
• Investment: Positioned as the greatest state investment due to its high returns on economic growth, job creation, and quality of life improvement, aligning with Saudi Arabia’s goal to become a “First World” nation.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is an ambitious and comprehensive blueprint for the Kingdom’s future, launched in 2016 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. It’s designed to fundamentally transform the nation’s economy, society, and governance, moving away from oil dependence to create a more diversified, sustainable, and vibrant country.

The Vision is structured around three main themes (pillars), each with strategic objectives, and supported by a myriad of National Initiatives and Vision Realization Programs (VRPs).

I. Vision 2030: The Three Pillars and Strategic Objectives

1. A Vibrant Society

This pillar aims to build a society where citizens and residents can thrive, enjoy a high quality of life, and be proud of their national identity.

Strategic Objectives:

• Deepening Islamic and National Identity:
• Enhance Islamic values (moderation, tolerance, excellence, discipline, equity, transparency, determination).
• Preserve and promote Islamic, Arab, and National heritage.
• Increase the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (already surpassed the 2030 target).
• Enrich the spiritual and cultural experience for Hajj and Umrah visitors, aiming to increase their numbers from 8 million to 30 million annually.
• Promoting a Healthy and Active Lifestyle:
• Increase the ratio of individuals exercising at least once a week from 13% to 40% by 2030.
• Improve the quality of healthcare services, emphasizing preventive care and public health.
• Increase average life expectancy from 74 to 80 years by 2030 (nearly achieved, at 78.8 years in 2023).
• Fostering a Culture of Entertainment and Quality of Life:
• Increase household spending on cultural and entertainment activities inside the Kingdom from 2.9% to 6%.
• Develop and diversify entertainment opportunities to meet population needs (e.g., establishing major entertainment cities like Qiddiya).
• Aim for three Saudi cities to be recognized among the top 100 cities globally.
• Improve quality of services and urban landscape in Saudi cities.
• Strengthening Social and Family Foundations:
• Increase the rate of Saudi household ownership to 70% by 2030 (reached 65.4% in 2024).
• Strengthen family values and provide empowering health and social care systems.
• Increase the number of volunteers (exceeded 1 million target, reaching over 1.2 million by end of 2024).

2. A Thriving Economy

This pillar focuses on diversifying economic resources, attracting investment, creating new industries, and generating diverse employment opportunities for Saudi citizens.

Strategic Objectives:

• Economic Diversification and Reduced Oil Dependence:
• Increase the share of non-oil GDP from 40% to 65% by 2030 (reached 47% in 2024).
• Increase non-oil exports as a percentage of non-oil GDP from 16% to 50% by 2030.
• Maximize value from the energy sector, increasing localization of oil and gas sectors from 40% to 75%.
• Grow the contribution of renewables to the national energy mix (aiming for 50% of electricity from renewables by 2030).
• Boosting Private Sector Contribution:
• Increase the private sector’s contribution to GDP from 40% to 65% by 2030.
• Increase Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) contribution to GDP from 20% to 35% by 2030.
• Enhance ease of doing business and improve the investment environment.
• Attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to reach 5.7% of GDP (reached 2.4% in 2023, meeting target).
• Becoming a Global Investment Powerhouse:
• Grow the Public Investment Fund (PIF) assets under management from SAR 600 billion to over SAR 10 trillion ($2.67 trillion) by 2030 (exceeded initial target, reaching $941 billion by end of 2024, prompting revised higher target).
• Maximize investment capabilities by participating in large international companies and emerging technologies.
• Creating Diverse Employment Opportunities:
• Lower the unemployment rate among Saudis from 11.6% to 7% by 2030 (achieved 7% in 2024, now targeting 5% by 2030).
• Increase women’s participation in the workforce from 22% to 40% (exceeded original 30% target, reaching 33.5% in Q3 2024).
• Develop human capital in line with labor market needs, ensuring alignment of educational outputs with job market requirements.
• Attract relevant foreign talent for the economy.
• Positioning as a Global Logistics Hub:
• Improve the Kingdom’s ranking in the Logistics Performance Index from 49 to 25 and ensure it is a regional leader.
• Establish new business partnerships and facilitate a smoother flow of goods, people, and capital.
• Developing Key Non-Oil Sectors:
• Mining: Maximize value from the mining sector.
• Digital Economy: Develop the digital economy, including AI and IoT.
• Tourism: Become a leading global tourism destination (aiming for 150 million visits by 2030, after surpassing 100 million target early).
• Manufacturing: Localize promising manufacturing industries, including military industry (target 50% localization).

3. An Ambitious Nation

This pillar emphasizes good governance, accountability, and enabling the private sector and civil society to play a greater role.

Strategic Objectives:

• Effective and Accountable Government:
• Improve government effectiveness and ensure transparency.
• Enhance e-government services and digital transformation (ranked 6th globally in UN E-Government Development Index in 2024).
• Strengthen communication channels with citizens and the business community.
• Promote accountability and anti-corruption efforts.
• Responsible and Enabled Citizens:
• Promote social responsibility among businesses.
• Empower the non-profit sector to create a deeper impact.
• Increase household savings.
• Global Competitiveness:
• Rise from 25th to the top 10 countries on the Global Competitiveness Index.
• Become one of the top 15 largest economies in the world.

II. National Initiatives and Vision Realization Programs (VRPs)

To execute these ambitious objectives, Vision 2030 is supported by a robust governance structure, including a Council of Economic and Development Affairs (CEDA) and a series of Vision Realization Programs (VRPs). These VRPs are detailed, targeted plans with specific initiatives, KPIs, and timelines, acting as the operational arms of the Vision.

Key National Initiatives and VRPs include:

1. Public Investment Fund (PIF) Program:

• Goal: Transform the PIF into one of the largest and most impactful sovereign wealth funds globally. It’s the primary financial engine for many Vision 2030 projects.
• Initiatives: Investments in giga-projects (NEOM, Red Sea Project, Qiddiya, Diriyah Gate), international strategic investments (e.g., Lucid Motors, gaming companies), and local investments in new sectors (tourism, technology, entertainment).

1. National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP):

• Goal: Position Saudi Arabia as a leading industrial and logistics hub.
• Initiatives: Developing special economic zones (e.g., King Abdullah Economic City SEZ, Jazan SEZ, Ras Al-Khair SEZ), increasing localization in manufacturing (especially military industries), expanding mining capabilities, and enhancing port infrastructure and connectivity. This also includes ambitious projects like the world’s largest clean hydrogen plant in NEOM.

1. Financial Sector Development Program (FSDP):

• Goal: Develop a diversified, stable, and effective financial sector to support economic growth.
• Initiatives: Enhancing capital markets, enabling financial institutions to support private sector growth, and improving regulatory frameworks.

1. Human Capability Development Program (HCDP):

• Goal: Build a globally competitive and skilled Saudi workforce ready for the jobs of the future.
• Initiatives: Reforming the education system (e.g., new curricula, emphasis on STEM, digital skills), expanding vocational training, developing leadership programs (e.g., Leaders 2030 by MiSK Foundation), and attracting global talent.

1. Quality of Life Program:

• Goal: Improve the quality of life for all residents by enhancing urban environments, cultural activities, and entertainment.
• Initiatives: Developing parks and green spaces (Green Riyadh), creating world-class entertainment destinations (Qiddiya, Riyadh Season, Jeddah Season), promoting sports participation, and enhancing urban services.

1. Health Sector Transformation Program:

• Goal: Restructure and modernize the healthcare system to provide high-quality, efficient, and accessible services.
• Initiatives: Promoting public-private partnerships in healthcare, emphasizing preventive medicine and digital health (telemedicine, AI in healthcare), and increasing the localization of medical manufacturing.

1. Housing Program:

• Goal: Increase Saudi home ownership and provide diverse housing solutions.
• Initiatives: Facilitating access to affordable housing, developing new residential communities (e.g., ROSHN communities), and providing financial incentives for home buyers.

1. Privatization Program:

• Goal: Increase the private sector’s role in the economy by privatizing government assets and services.
• Initiatives: Identifying and preparing state-owned entities for privatization, thereby increasing efficiency and attracting private investment.

1. Pilgrim Experience Program:

• Goal: Enhance the experience for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, expanding their capacity and providing world-class services.
• Initiatives: Developing infrastructure around holy sites (e.g., Rua Al Madinah), improving transport links, and streamlining visa processes.

1. National Transformation Program (NTP):

• Goal: Enhance government efficiency, transparency, and accountability across various ministries and public entities.
• Initiatives: Digitalizing government services, implementing performance management frameworks, and streamlining bureaucratic processes.

1. Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) and Middle East Green Initiative:

• Goal: Combat climate change, improve environmental quality, and drive sustainable development.
• Initiatives: Planting 10 billion trees across the Kingdom, reducing carbon emissions by 278 mtpa by 2030, protecting 30% of Saudi Arabia’s land and sea by 2030, and developing renewable energy projects (e.g., Dumat Al Jandal Wind Farm).

1. Giga-Projects and New Cities:

• NEOM: A futuristic, mega-city project in the northwest, encompassing “The Line” (a linear city), Oxagon (an advanced manufacturing hub), Trojena (a mountain tourism destination), and Sindalah (a luxury island resort).
• Red Sea Project & AMAALA: Luxury tourism destinations focusing on regenerative tourism, sustainability, and high-end hospitality.
• Qiddiya: An entertainment, sports, and cultural city south of Riyadh.
• Diriyah Gate: A cultural and heritage site development project aiming to restore the historic birthplace of the Saudi state.
• ROSHN: A national real estate developer creating modern, integrated communities.

Conclusion

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and its accompanying national initiatives represent an unprecedented national transformation. The Kingdom has already achieved significant milestones, surpassing many targets ahead of schedule, particularly in non-oil GDP growth, women’s labor force participation, and public investment. The scale and ambition of these initiatives are immense, aiming to not only diversify the economy but also to reshape society, improve governance, and position Saudi Arabia as a global leader in various emerging sectors. While challenges remain, the sustained momentum and investment indicate a deep commitment to realizing this ambitious vision for the future.

Saudi Arabia’s Nezaha: Combating Corruption Cases

Saudi Arabia’s Anti-Corruption Authority, “Nezaha”, is actively engaged in combating financial and administrative corruption. The authority has recently initiated 18 criminal cases and is continuing with the necessary legal procedures against those involved. Nezaha emphasizes its continuous efforts to monitor and apprehend individuals who misuse public funds or exploit their positions, asserting that corruption crimes do not fall under the statute of limitations.

Here are details of some of the recently investigated cases:

• Case One: In collaboration with the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority, two employees at a sea port were arrested. They received SAR 400,000 in payments from a customs clearance agent (who was also arrested) in exchange for illegally completing procedures for importing trucks.
• Case Two: In cooperation with the Ministry of Interior, a police officer and a municipal employee were arrested. They received SAR 110,000 from the owners of three commercial entities (who were also arrested) to illegally enable them to acquire and sell metals resulting from demolition works in government projects for SAR 4,655,000.
• Case Three: In collaboration with the Ministry of Justice, a court clerk at a criminal court was arrested while receiving SAR 32,500. This was part of a SAR 65,000 payment in exchange for promising a citizen an acquittal.
• Case Four: A resident was arrested for receiving SAR 234,375 while working at a commercial entity. This was for illegally subcontracting work on projects belonging to the Ministry of Education.
• Case Five: A director of services and licenses at a municipality was arrested for illegally canceling violations issued against commercial entities. SAR 7,131,156 in unknown funds were found in his bank accounts.
• Case Six: In cooperation with the King Fahd Causeway Public Corporation, an employee was arrested for collecting SAR 55,395 in crossing fees from the causeway gates on the Saudi side. He did not register these as revenue for the corporation, instead using his personal pass card to let vehicles through.
• Case Seven: A military officer working for the Ministry of Interior was arrested for colluding with a resident (who was also arrested) to seize SAR 707,000 that was in the resident’s possession.
• Case Eight: A municipal employee was arrested for receiving SAR 51,000 in installments from residents working in commercial shops. This was in exchange for overlooking their violations of municipal regulations and not issuing fines against them.
• Case Nine: In cooperation with the Ministry of Interior, a resident was arrested for offering SAR 43,350 to a security officer in exchange for his release.
• Case Ten: In collaboration with the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority, an employee at a land port was arrested for seizing confiscated tobacco products (cigarettes). He used an official vehicle to enter the customs warehouse and store the confiscated items.
• Case Eleven: A marine inspector at the General Ports Authority was arrested for receiving SAR 11,250 from a ship captain in exchange for not issuing a financial fine or impounding the vessel.
• Case Twelve: In cooperation with the Ministry of Interior, a non-commissioned officer who was a police chief was arrested for receiving money in exchange for following up on and finalizing police station cases.
• Case Thirteen: In collaboration with the Ministry of Commerce, an employee was arrested while receiving SAR 12,000 in exchange for not publishing a court ruling condemning a commercial entity for commercial fraud.
• Case Fourteen: An employee working as a field supervisor for a company contracted with a municipality was arrested while receiving SAR 3,000 out of an original amount of SAR 15,000. This was in exchange for not issuing a violation against a commercial entity.
• Case Fifteen: A municipal employee was arrested while receiving SAR 2,000 in exchange for not issuing a building violation.
• Case Sixteen: A director of the supply and catering department at a health complex was arrested for requesting SAR 380,000 from a medical company in exchange for issuing illegal purchase orders for medical supplies.
• Case Seventeen: A director of the contracts and procurement department at a health complex was arrested for receiving money in exchange for enabling a commercial entity (owned by an arrested individual) to illegally secure projects. He also offered SAR 100,000 to a colleague in the same health complex to award several projects to that entity.
• Case Eighteen: In cooperation with the Ministry of Health, a resident working as a doctor at a government hospital was arrested for receiving money in exchange for issuing illegal medical reports (sick leaves).

Nezaha reaffirms its commitment to monitoring and holding accountable anyone who encroaches upon public funds or exploits their position for personal gain or to cause harm to public interest, even after their employment has ended. The authority explicitly states that crimes of financial and administrative corruption do not fall under the statute of limitations, and it will continue to apply the law without leniency against violators.

Saudi Arabia has embarked on an aggressive and multifaceted campaign to combat corruption, spearheaded by its independent body, the Oversight and Anti-Corruption Authority (Nazaha). This drive is a cornerstone of Vision 2030, aiming to create a transparent, accountable, and fair business environment essential for attracting foreign investment and diversifying the economy.

I. Nazaha: Mandate, Powers, and Evolution

Nazaha (نزهة), which translates to “Integrity,” was established in 2011 as the National Anti-Corruption Commission. Its mandate and powers have been significantly expanded and strengthened under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) and Vision 2030.

A. Mandate and Powers:

• Broad Scope: Nazaha is tasked with protecting public funds, combating financial and administrative corruption, and ensuring the integrity of government services and employees.
• Investigative Authority: It has wide-ranging powers to investigate alleged corruption, bribery, abuse of power, illicit enrichment, money laundering, and other financial crimes within both the public and, increasingly, the private sector when it interacts with public funds or officials.
• Enforcement: Nazaha works in coordination with public prosecution and other relevant security agencies to refer cases for prosecution, make arrests, and recover ill-gotten gains.
• Preventive Role: Beyond enforcement, Nazaha also focuses on prevention through:
• Awareness Campaigns: Utilizing various platforms (text messages, social media, public events) to educate the public and private sector about the dangers of corruption and the importance of integrity.
• Promoting Transparency: Developing guidelines for government agencies to promote integrity and transparency in their operations.
• Monitoring and Oversight: Conducting oversight visits to government entities to identify weaknesses and potential corruption risks (e.g., routinely checking for single bids, potential bid-rigging in government contracts).
• International Cooperation: Collaborating with international bodies and signing memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with foreign countries to combat cross-border corruption and facilitate asset recovery and extradition of wanted individuals. (e.g., recent extradition from Russia).
• New Nazaha Law (Effective November 2024): A significant development, this new law further strengthens Nazaha’s powers:
• Reversed Burden of Proof: For public officials whose wealth increases disproportionately to their legitimate income after taking office, the burden of proof shifts to the employee to demonstrate the legitimacy of their assets. This also extends to immediate family members. This is a crucial change designed to overcome challenges in proving intent in corruption cases.
• Immediate Dismissal: Mandates immediate dismissal of any government employee found guilty of corruption.
• Asset Recovery and Confiscation: Strengthens powers for the recovery and confiscation of misappropriated funds, even if the accused absconds or dies. Nazaha can work with the Ministry of Justice to enforce rulings domestically and internationally.
• Settlement Process: Introduces a new settlement process for accused individuals who formally request it, though details are pending.

B. Evolution of the Campaign:

• Ritz-Carlton Purge (2017): The anti-corruption drive began in earnest with the highly publicized detention of hundreds of princes, senior officials, and prominent businessmen at the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Riyadh. This move, while controversial due to concerns about due process, sent a strong signal of the government’s commitment to tackling corruption at the highest levels. The campaign reportedly recovered over $100 billion in assets through settlements.
• Sustained and Broader Approach: Since 2017, the campaign has evolved from high-profile arrests to a more systemic and continuous effort targeting various levels of government and even the private sector. Nazaha regularly announces arrests and investigations, indicating an ongoing commitment rather than a one-off event.

II. Combating Corruption Cases: Recent Trends and Examples

Nazaha regularly reports on its activities, showcasing a consistent effort to combat various forms of corruption.

A. Recent Trends in Cases (Data from Nazaha reports, late 2024/early 2025):

• High Volume of Investigations and Arrests: Nazaha conducts thousands of oversight visits and investigations monthly. For example:
• February 2025: Investigated 370 individuals and arrested 131.
• December 2024: Investigated 390 suspects and arrested 145.
• Full Year 2024: Over 1,700 suspects arrested following 37,124 inspection tours and over 4,000 investigations.
• Targeted Sectors: Investigations consistently span various key government ministries and bodies, including:
• Ministry of Interior
• Ministry of Defense
• National Guard
• Ministry of Health
• Ministry of Education
• Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing
• Ministry of Justice
• Zakat, Tax, and Customs Authority
• Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development
• Ministry of Commerce
• Ministry of Transport and Logistics
• Ministry of Culture
• Types of Offenses: Common corruption-related offenses include:
• Bribery
• Abuse of authority/official influence
• Exploiting positions for personal gain
• Money laundering
• Forgery and fraudulent documentation
• Embezzlement of public funds
• Exploiting government contracts

B. High-Profile Examples:

• Lt. Gen. Khalid bin Qarar al-Harbi (Former Director of Public Security): In September 2024, a Saudi court handed down a final ruling sentencing Al-Harbi to 20 years in prison for bribery, forgery, exploiting his position for personal gain, exploiting government contracts, and embezzling public funds. He was also ordered to return over 13 million Saudi riyals ($3.46 million), two agricultural lands, and other embezzled assets. This case highlights the targeting of high-ranking officials beyond the initial Ritz-Carlton sweep.
• Unnamed Senior Officials: Nazaha consistently announces arrests and investigations of senior government employees, though specific names are often not publicly disclosed until a conviction. Cases often involve large sums of money or significant public projects.
• International Cooperation Cases: Nazaha has actively pursued individuals involved in cross-border corruption, as evidenced by the extradition of a Saudi citizen wanted for financial and administrative corruption cases from Russia in November 2024, facilitated by an MOU between Nazaha and the Russian Public Prosecution.

III. Impact and Challenges

A. Impact of the Anti-Corruption Drive:

• Enhanced Public Confidence: Polling data (e.g., Arab Opinion Index) suggests a significant increase in public confidence in the government’s seriousness in combating corruption. The percentage of Saudis believing corruption is widespread has dropped from 60% in 2016 to 23% in 2021-2022.
• Improved Transparency Perceptions: Saudi Arabia’s score on Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI) has shown incremental improvement, rising from 49 in 2017-2018 to 52 in 2023, well above the MENA region average.
• Greater Accountability: The campaign has led to hundreds of prosecutions and convictions, with clear signals that even high-ranking officials are not immune.
• Support for Vision 2030: By creating a cleaner business environment, the anti-corruption drive aims to attract more legitimate foreign and domestic investment, crucial for economic diversification. Financial institutions are now prioritizing corruption risks in their AML and compliance checks for Saudi-linked transactions.
• Deterrence: The consistent arrests and the new stringent laws (like the reversed burden of proof) are designed to act as a strong deterrent against corrupt practices.

B. Challenges in Combating Corruption:

• Perception of Due Process: The initial Ritz-Carlton detentions faced international criticism regarding the lack of formal charges, legal representation, and transparency in settlement processes. While Nazaha’s operations are now more formally structured, concerns about due process remain for some international observers.
• Long-term Institutionalization: While top-down pressure is effective for initial crackdowns, the challenge lies in deeply embedding a culture of integrity and accountability throughout all layers of bureaucracy and society, independent of specific leadership.
• Complexity of Financial Crime: Corruption, money laundering, and illicit enrichment are often complex, sophisticated crimes involving international networks, making investigation and prosecution challenging.
• Cultural Shifts: Shifting deeply ingrained norms and practices, even if they amount to corruption, requires sustained effort beyond legal enforcement. Awareness campaigns are crucial but take time to yield widespread cultural change.
• Sector-Specific Risks: Certain sectors, such as land administration and defense, are often identified as having higher corruption risks, requiring continuous, targeted efforts.
• Protection of Whistleblowers: Effective anti-corruption campaigns rely on robust whistleblower protection mechanisms to encourage reporting without fear of reprisal. Details on comprehensive whistleblower protection frameworks in Saudi Arabia are sometimes less prominent than enforcement actions.

In summary, Saudi Arabia, through Nazaha, has launched a significant and sustained effort to combat corruption, which is seen as fundamental to the success of Vision 2030. The campaign has demonstrated a strong resolve to prosecute even high-ranking individuals and has introduced new, stringent laws. While challenges related to transparency and institutionalization remain, the ongoing arrests, the strengthening of legal frameworks, and the focus on prevention indicate a long-term commitment to fostering integrity and accountability within the Kingdom.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 Tourism Transformation

Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing a comprehensive tourism development strategy as a key pillar of its Vision 2030. This effort is part of a broader economic transformation aimed at diversifying income sources and reducing reliance on oil, building a sustainable economy, and becoming a leading Arab economy.

Here are the key details about anti-corruption efforts:

• Strategic Goals and Vision 2030 Alignment:
• Tourism is recognized as a strategic economic tool to achieve Vision 2030’s goals, representing a fundamental structural shift in the nation’s income sources.
• The goal is to increase the tourism sector’s contribution to 10% of the GDP by 2030.
• The leadership believes in investing in human capital to drive national transformation, including in tourism.
• Key Initiatives and Projects:
• Saudi Seasons: These programs serve as a primary platform for enhancing cultural identity and attracting visitors.
• Major Projects: The Public Investment Fund (PIF) plays a crucial role, with significant investments in giga-projects like NEOM, Qiddiya, the Red Sea Project, and The Line. These are seen not just as large urban developments but as symbols of reshaping the future, redefining life, and creating environments befitting human ambition.
• Tourism Development Fund: Established to support and finance small and medium-sized projects within the sector.
• Cultural Initiatives:
• The “Year of Handicrafts 2025” aims to support artisans, develop their skills, and preserve traditional crafts like Najdi engraving, which are part of the cultural heritage attracting tourists.
• The King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (Darah) facilitates access to historical documents, supporting historical research linked to heritage tourism.
• Global art installations in Historic Jeddah enhance the city’s visual identity, blending ancient heritage with modern art to create an interactive visual landscape and reinforce Jeddah’s presence on the global cultural map.
• The upcoming “Asan” Museum, supported by HRH Princess Sara bint Mashhour Al Saud, is a non-profit initiative dedicated to preserving Saudi heritage, showcasing artifacts, and creating interactive experiences to build a generation proud of its heritage.
• Cultural partnerships, such as with China, aim to deepen cultural exchange through joint research, conferences, and academic visits, which indirectly supports cultural tourism.
• The Cultural Skills Competition for students fosters creative talents in various cultural and artistic fields, preserving Saudi cultural heritage, and promoting engagement with national identity.
• Rural and Regional Tourism:
• The Qassim region is recognized for its unique rural and tourism wealth, promoting innovation in rural experiences through initiatives like the “Rural Tourism Award”.
• The “Al-Bait Baitkum.. Ya Ba’d Hayy” festival in Hail includes various handicrafts, heritage shows, and artistic performances, supporting local artisans and developing cultural and tourism sectors.
• Raghdan Forest Park in Al-Baha is highlighted as a significant environmental and tourist destination with its moderate climate and natural beauty, offering diverse recreational activities.
• Documentation of ancient trails (“Al-Uqab”) in Al-Baha helps preserve historical pathways, underscoring their significance for heritage tourism.
• The “Siesid Al-Taif” National Park is noted as a major natural and tourist attraction, combining mountains, trees, and springs.
• A tourism path connecting southern regions offers families weekly recreational trips through diverse landscapes, including mountains, green valleys, and camping sites in the Sarawat mountains.
• Achievements and Impact:
• The Kingdom has seen significant leaps in domestic tourism, driven by direct leadership support, improved infrastructure (airports and road networks), and the launch of multiple tourism seasons.
• Tourist visas have been opened to citizens of over 60 countries.
• Tourism has created over 836,000 direct and indirect job opportunities in 2024.
• It contributes to stimulating other economic sectors like transport, finance, arts, and hospitality.
• It helps reduce pressure on the trade balance by decreasing spending on foreign tourism.
• It redistributes development to various regions, revitalizing historical areas and developing natural sites like mountains, coasts, and deserts, empowering rural communities.
• In 2024, the Kingdom hosted over 116 million tourists (domestic and foreign), with a total tourism expenditure of SAR 284 billion.
• Challenges and Future Focus:
• Current challenges include high prices for accommodation and facilities compared to competing destinations, weak integration among tourism-related entities (transport, municipal services, entertainment), and limited marketing for some promising destinations.
• There is a need to address the lack of qualified personnel in the hospitality sector.
• Future efforts will focus on implementing an integrated economic methodology to address market distortions, enhance visitor experience, and offer services suitable for different income segments.
• This also includes stimulating competition among service providers, offering comprehensive tourism experiences, activating national platforms for tourism data management, developing promotional media content, and building integrated governance between public and private sectors.
• There is an emphasis on linking tourism planning with regional and municipal planning to ensure integrated development.
• Infrastructure and Service Quality:
• Investments in airport performance (e.g., Al-Jouf and Qurayyat airports show improvements in operational efficiency, flight activity, and passenger handling) enhance the overall tourist experience.
• Efforts to humanize cities (e.g., Al-Madinah’s use of natural stones in urban development) and environmental campaigns (like cleaning coastal areas) contribute to attractive and sustainable tourism environments.

In essence, Saudi Arabia’s tourism development is a comprehensive, strategic national project under Vision 2030, driven by significant investments in large-scale projects, cultural preservation, and infrastructure improvements, while actively working to address challenges to achieve its ambitious economic diversification goals.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 places tourism at the very heart of its national transformation strategy, aiming to leverage the Kingdom’s diverse natural, cultural, and historical resources to become a premier global tourism destination. This strategic shift is designed to diversify the economy away from oil, create jobs, and enhance the quality of life for its citizens.

I. Vision 2030’s Tourism Objectives

The National Tourism Strategy, a key component of Vision 2030, has set ambitious targets:

• Increased Visitor Numbers: Surpassing its initial goal of attracting 100 million domestic and international tourists ahead of schedule (achieved in 2023), Saudi Arabia has now set a new, bolder target of 150 million visits annually by 2030. This includes a significant increase in international arrivals.
• Economic Contribution: Tourism is projected to contribute more than 10% to the national GDP by 2030, a substantial leap from its previous minimal contribution.
• Job Creation: The sector aims to generate approximately 1.6 million tourism-related jobs for Saudi nationals by 2030, fostering youth employment and empowering women.
• Enhanced Global Image: Transforming Saudi Arabia’s perception from a purely religious destination to a diverse, welcoming, and open global tourism hub.
• Sustainability: Ensuring that tourism developments are environmentally responsible and culturally sensitive, promoting regenerative tourism practices.

II. Strategic Pillars of Tourism Transformation

Saudi Arabia’s tourism transformation is built on several interconnected strategic pillars:

A. Mega-Projects (Giga-Projects)

These are the cornerstones of the tourism push, designed to create entirely new, world-class destinations and attractions.

• NEOM: A futuristic mega-city in the northwest, it includes:
• The Line: A linear city with no cars or streets.
• Oxagon: An advanced manufacturing and industrial hub.
• Trojena: A mountain tourism destination that will host the 2029 Asian Winter Games.
• Sindalah: A luxury island resort set to open soon.
• Significance: NEOM aims to be entirely powered by renewable energy, driven by AI and robotics, and set new global benchmarks for urban living and tourism.
• The Red Sea Project & AMAALA: Developed by Red Sea Global, these luxury tourism destinations along the Red Sea coast emphasize regenerative tourism and marine conservation.
• The Red Sea Project: Features a collection of ultra-luxury resorts (e.g., St. Regis, Ritz-Carlton Nujuma) designed for minimal ecological footprint. It includes the Red Sea International Airport, the region’s first carbon-neutral terminal.
• AMAALA: Targets ultra-luxury wellness tourism, combining art, culture, and marine-based experiences in harmony with nature.
• Qiddiya: Located near Riyadh, positioned as the “entertainment, sports, and culture capital” of Saudi Arabia.
• Initiatives: Will feature theme parks (including the world’s first Dragon Ball theme park, Six Flags Qiddiya), water parks (Aquarabia Park), sports cities, cultural venues, and residential units.
• Significance: Aims to capture a significant portion of outbound tourism spending by Saudis and attract international visitors seeking entertainment.
• Diriyah Gate: A cultural and heritage project near Riyadh, focused on restoring and showcasing the historic At-Turaif district, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the birthplace of the first Saudi state.
• Initiatives: Developing luxury hotels, museums, retail spaces, and traditional souks, blending modern hospitality with rich Saudi heritage.
• AlUla: A historically rich region home to Hegra, Saudi Arabia’s first UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Initiatives: Developing sustainable tourism infrastructure around ancient heritage sites, natural landscapes, and cultural experiences (e.g., Maraya concert hall). It was named Best Cultural Tourism Project in the Middle East.
• Other Significant Projects:
• King Salman Park (Riyadh): Set to become the world’s largest urban park, enhancing quality of life and attracting visitors.
• Rua Al Madinah: A massive urban development project around the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah to enhance the pilgrim experience and urban infrastructure.
• Jeddah Central Project: A transformative urban development along Jeddah’s waterfront, enhancing its appeal as a tourist destination.
• THE RIG: An extreme sports and adventure tourism destination on an oil rig in the Arabian Gulf.

B. Visa Reforms and Accessibility

• e-Visa Program: The introduction and expansion of the e-Visa program have been crucial, simplifying entry for tourists from over 66 countries.
• Visa on Arrival: Available for specific nationalities and those with valid visas from certain countries.
• Stopover Visa: Allows travelers to explore Saudi Arabia for up to 96 hours on transit flights.
• Increased Air Connectivity: Expanding airport capacities (e.g., new Abha Airport project, Red Sea International Airport) and launching new airline routes to connect Saudi Arabia to global destinations.
• “Visit Saudi” Platform: A comprehensive digital platform providing information, visa services, and tourism packages.

C. Human Capital Development

• “Tourism Pioneers” Program: Focuses on training and developing local Saudi talent for careers in the hospitality, tourism management, and related sectors.
• Empowerment of Women: Significant efforts to include Saudi women in the tourism workforce, from hotel staff to tour guides and managers.
• Support for Local Businesses: “Tourism Aid” program and initiatives to encourage local entrepreneurs and small businesses to participate in the growing tourism industry.

D. Cultural and Entertainment Offerings

• Diverse Events: Hosting major international sports events (e.g., Formula 1, Saudi Cup), concerts by global artists, and cultural festivals (e.g., Winter at Tantora in AlUla, Riyadh Season, Jeddah Season).
• Museums and Heritage Sites: Investing in more museums, restoring national and Islamic heritage sites, and making them accessible to a global audience.
• Culinary Tourism: Promoting Saudi cuisine and unique dining experiences.

E. Sustainability and Innovation

• Regenerative Tourism: Projects like The Red Sea and AMAALA are designed with a focus on environmental preservation and even regeneration, aiming for minimal ecological footprint and protecting marine biodiversity.
• Smart Tourism: Leveraging technology, including AI-driven travel recommendations, interactive apps, and smart city infrastructure, to enhance the visitor experience.
• Green Initiatives: Aligning tourism development with broader Saudi Green Initiative goals, including renewable energy use and environmental conservation.

III. Progress and Achievements (as of late 2024 / early 2025)

Saudi Arabia’s tourism transformation has shown remarkable momentum:

• Visitor Growth: Surpassed its 100 million total visits target (domestic and international) for 2030 ahead of schedule, prompting the new target of 150 million.
• International Recognition: Ranked first among G20 nations in the growth rate of international tourist arrivals and international tourism revenue, with a 148% surge in 2024 compared to 2019.
• Economic Impact: Tourism’s contribution to GDP has doubled to around 5% in just a few years, on track for the 10% target.
• Hotel Sector Growth: Over 4,425 licenses were granted for tourism accommodation facilities in 2024 (89% increase from 2023), with operational rooms reaching nearly 476,000 (69% growth).
• Global Events: Successfully securing bids for major global events like Expo 2030, FIFA World Cup 2034, and the Esports World Cup, which will further drive tourism and investment.

IV. Challenges

Despite the rapid progress, Saudi Arabia’s tourism transformation faces several challenges:

• Attracting and Retaining Talent: The rapid expansion requires a vast workforce. Training and attracting sufficient skilled Saudi and international talent for the hospitality and tourism sector is a significant challenge.
• Balancing Modernity with Tradition: While opening up, Saudi Arabia must carefully manage the balance between offering modern tourism experiences and preserving its unique conservative cultural and religious identity.
• Global Perceptions: Overcoming historical perceptions and human rights concerns to fully attract a diverse global tourist base. Negative media portrayals or geopolitical events can impact visitor confidence.
• Sustainability Implementation: While committed to sustainability, the sheer scale of the giga-projects necessitates meticulous planning and execution to ensure minimal environmental impact and achieve regenerative goals.
• Competition: Competing with established tourism powerhouses in the region (like UAE, Qatar) and globally requires continuous innovation and distinct offerings.
• Regional Instability: Geopolitical tensions in the wider Middle East (e.g., Gaza conflict, Red Sea disruptions) can deter tourists, although Saudi Arabia has shown resilience in recent periods.
• Infrastructure Completion: The successful completion and operation of the ambitious giga-projects on time and within budget is critical. Delays or cost overruns could impact overall targets.

Conclusion

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 has unleashed a monumental transformation in its tourism sector. Through colossal investments in giga-projects, comprehensive visa reforms, and a strategic focus on human capital and sustainability, the Kingdom is rapidly emerging as a major global tourism player. While the scale of the ambition brings inherent challenges, the demonstrated progress and the strong government commitment suggest that Saudi Arabia is well on its way to realizing its vision of becoming a diverse and vibrant tourism powerhouse.

Saudi Vision 2030: Tech and Education Advancements

Saudi Arabia is demonstrating a strong commitment to advancements in both technology and education as core pillars of its Vision 2030 strategy, aiming to diversify its economy and build a sustainable, knowledge-based future.

Here are the details:

Advancements in Technology:

• Digital Transformation and Economic Diversification:
• Vision 2030 explicitly targets a shift from oil dependency towards a diversified and sustainable economy, with digital leadership being a key aspiration.
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF), a major driver of this transformation, recorded significant revenue and asset growth in 2024, partly attributing this to investments in large-scale projects and tech-focused companies like STC (Saudi Telecom Company).
• The Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO) plays a crucial role in promoting global digital transformation and digital inclusion. It emphasizes unified international efforts and the integration of developing countries into future internet governance frameworks, using tools like the Digital Economy Nexus (DEN) to support digital transformation and policy development.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Innovation:
• The Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) actively champions AI and innovation, celebrating students from Tuwaiq Academy who won numerous gold medals and awards at ITEX 2025 for their inventions.
• SDAIA’s partnership with Tuwaiq Academy is geared towards preparing a generation proficient in Industrial Revolution 4.0 tools to lead towards a knowledge-based economy.
• SDAIA offers training grants through its “Waqaa” (AI for Research and Innovation) program, which focuses on advanced AI techniques for automating research work and fostering innovation.
• The Kingdom is set to host the 5th International Conference on Computing and Artificial Intelligence (ICMI 2026), which will cover the latest developments in AI, IoT (Internet of Things), big data, cloud computing, cybersecurity, and software applications.
• While recognizing AI as a transformative force in various sectors like jobs, education, and arts, there is also a clear acknowledgment of the challenges posed by “fabrication” (e.g., deepfakes). The need for strict controls, public awareness, and skills to verify information is emphasized to prevent misuse and maintain trust in the digital age.
• Digital Infrastructure and Service Modernization:
• The implementation of a mandatory electronic permit system for home delivery services (starting July 1, 2025) aims to organize operations and ensure compliance with health and technical standards for transport. This contributes to building a robust and reliable digital service sector.
• Car rental companies extensively use electronic contract registration, with over 5.6 million contracts recorded in 2024.
• Al-Baha Municipality has launched a “Municipal Innovation Hackathon” to boost technological innovation in municipal services, support digital transformation, and adopt the latest technologies.
• Airports, such as Al-Jouf and Qurayyat, have shown improvements in operational efficiency and passenger handling, with new terminal projects designed to enhance economic and tourism development, incorporating international standards like carbon accreditation.
• The King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Quran utilizes technology for the preservation and multi-language dissemination of the Holy Quran.
• The digital land registry system is presented as a secure platform for real estate transactions, providing real-time data on ownership and transactions. It supports market trend analysis, investment assessment, and developmental project planning, embodying transparency and digital transformation in real estate management.

Advancements in Education:

• Prioritizing Human Capital Development:
• Investing in human capital is considered fundamental for national transformation and achieving economic diversification goals under Vision 2030.
• The leadership is dedicated to empowering Saudi youth and women, fostering environments that encourage innovation and entrepreneurship.
• A report on CEO succession indicates a trend towards younger, Saudi leaders and internal promotions, reflecting a strong focus on developing local talent for high-level positions.
• Comprehensive Education Reform and Quality Enhancement:
• Education is viewed as the “locomotive” for national progress, leading to strength, prosperity, and comprehensive advancement.
• Key strategies for educational development include prioritizing critical thinking, promoting active learning over passive reception, and fostering information-seeking skills.
• The educational system aims for holistic individual development, encompassing physical and mental health, and instilling strong societal values such as respect for laws, the environment, and positive social conduct.
• There’s an emphasis on cultivating lifelong learning, continuous work, research, and contribution.
• The importance of highly qualified teachers and educational leaders is underscored, with recommendations for rigorous selection, training, and international exposure to benchmark against advanced educational systems like those in Singapore and Finland.
• The approach advocates for student-centered learning, encouraging active participation, leadership, play, and engagement in various arts and cultural activities.
• Parental involvement is recognized as a crucial partnership for effective learning outcomes.
• Investment in education is deemed the most impactful state investment, yielding higher returns than other sectors like industry or tourism. This investment leads to a strong knowledge-based economy and the production of skilled professionals across various fields.
• Vocational and Higher Education Initiatives:
• The Qassim region is strategically developing technical and applied education to meet labor market demands and adapt to technological changes, aligning with Vision 2030.
• The “Bidi” program in the Eastern Province provides vocational training for girls, aimed at empowering women and increasing their participation in national development.
• King Saud University launched the “Wa’ed” program to support new faculty members in enhancing research excellence by equipping labs, facilitating workshops, and promoting collaborative research.
• The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties introduced the “Health Sector Leaders” program (2025 edition) to develop leadership skills within the health sector, with a specific focus on empowering national female leaders.
• King Faisal University’s “Mawhiba Research Enrichment Program” introduces female students to the fundamentals of scientific research and ethics through practical lab experiences, nurturing their talents for a knowledge-based future.
• The Ministry of Culture’s “Cultural Skills Competition” for students aims to discover and develop talents in various artistic and cultural fields, preserving Saudi heritage, and aligning with the national cultural development strategy.
• The upcoming “Asan” Museum is designed to foster a generation proud of its heritage by showcasing artifacts and providing interactive experiences.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 recognizes that a technologically advanced economy cannot exist without a highly skilled and educated workforce. Therefore, the Kingdom is undertaking parallel and deeply interconnected advancements in both the technology sector and the education system. This holistic approach aims to transform Saudi Arabia into a knowledge-based economy and a global hub for innovation.

I. Technology Advancements Under Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia is investing billions in building a cutting-edge digital infrastructure, fostering innovation, and attracting global tech companies. The goal is to increase the tech sector’s contribution to GDP from around 1% to 5% by 2030.

A. Digital Infrastructure Development:

• 5G and Beyond: Rapid deployment of 5G networks to provide high-speed connectivity, crucial for smart city initiatives, autonomous systems, IoT, and real-time data sharing. This forms the backbone for digital transformation.
• Cloud Computing: Significant investments in establishing cloud computing infrastructure and data centers across the Kingdom. The establishment of the Cloud Computing Special Economic Zone (CCSEZ) near King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) aims to attract $13 billion in investments by 2030 in AI and data sectors, offering incentives like reduced corporate income tax and customs duty exemptions.
• Broadband Expansion: Improving broadband coverage and capacity, with targets of exceeding 90% housing coverage in densely populated cities and 66% in other urban zones.

B. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Analytics:

• National Strategy for Data and Artificial Intelligence (NSDAI): Launched in 2020, this ambitious strategy aims to position Saudi Arabia as a global leader in AI by 2030. It focuses on integrating AI across all sectors.
• Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA): Established in 2019, SDAIA is the national authority responsible for overseeing and accelerating AI and data initiatives, promoting their adoption across government and industry.
• AI Applications: AI is being leveraged to enhance efficiency and foster innovation in various sectors:
• Healthcare: Predictive analytics for diagnostics, telemedicine solutions in remote areas.
• Finance: Fintech hubs, blockchain for secure transactions and transparency, digital payment platforms.
• Energy: IoT-enabled smart grids, optimizing energy management systems, accelerating transition to green energy.
• Public Services: Automation of government services to improve efficiency and accessibility (e.g., Absher platform for digital government services).
• Transportation: Supporting autonomous vehicles and intelligent transportation systems.
• Ethical AI and Regulation: Proactive approach to ensure ethical and responsible use of AI, aiming to set regional standards for AI governance that balance innovation with cultural and societal values.

C. Smart Cities and IoT (Internet of Things):

• Giga-Projects as Testbeds: Mega-projects like NEOM are the epitome of smart city development. NEOM is envisioned as a global hub for technology, sustainability, and forward-thinking urban design, operated using advanced robotics, autonomous transport systems, and AI-driven governance. “The Line” is a prime example of AI-driven urban planning.
• Urban Transformation: Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam are undergoing transformation into smart cities through advanced digital infrastructure, IoT devices, and intelligent transportation systems to enhance quality of life. The IoT market is projected to reach $2.9 billion by 2025.
• Resource Optimization: AI-driven urban planning and IoT-enabled infrastructure aim to optimize energy consumption and emissions through efficient resource management, and improve public services via real-time data analytics.

D. Cybersecurity:

• National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA): Established to strengthen Saudi Arabia’s cybersecurity posture and protect critical national infrastructure.
• Talent Development: Focus on developing cybersecurity specialists and capabilities to safeguard the Kingdom’s digital backbone against growing cyber threats.

E. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Ecosystem:

• Support Programs: Initiatives like the Badir Program for Technology Incubators and Accelerators and MiSK Innovation foster a thriving startup ecosystem, supporting young Saudis in launching and scaling tech ventures.
• Venture Capital: The Public Investment Fund (PIF) and Saudi Venture Capital Company (SVC) are actively investing in tech startups, both domestically and internationally, providing crucial funding and mentorship.
• Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Beyond the Cloud Computing SEZ, other zones like the Riyadh Integrated Special Logistics Zone (RISLZ) are designed to attract tech-driven logistics and e-commerce companies with attractive incentives.

II. Education Advancements Under Vision 2030

The transformation of Saudi Arabia’s education system is paramount to realizing the technological aspirations of Vision 2030. The goal is to produce a globally competitive workforce equipped with 21st-century skills.

A. Curriculum Reform and Future-Ready Skills:

• Emphasis on STEM/STEAM: A significant shift towards Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) education from early childhood through higher education. This aims to foster creativity, critical thinking, innovation, and problem-solving skills.
• 21st-Century Skills: Curricula are being revamped to explicitly teach critical thinking, digital literacy, data literacy, collaboration, communication, and adaptability – skills essential for the digital economy.
• Practical and Problem-Based Learning: Moving away from rote learning towards inquiry-based, problem-based, and collaborative learning methods, often incorporating real-world challenges.

B. Digital Transformation in Education:

• Digital Classrooms and Online Learning: Integration of advanced technologies into educational environments, including digital classrooms, e-learning platforms, and virtual reality (VR) tools, to expand access and enhance learning experiences.
• Coding Bootcamps and Digital Skills Academies: Programs like the Saudi Digital Academy are established to upskill youth and professionals in emerging technologies, including coding, AI, data analytics, and cybersecurity.
• Personalized Learning: Leveraging technology to create more personalized and adaptive learning experiences for students.

C. Teacher Development and Quality Improvement:

• Professional Development Frameworks: Comprehensive programs for continuous professional development of teachers and educational leaders, aiming to upgrade the teaching profession and improve the quality of services.
• Attracting Talent: Efforts to attract and retain the finest Saudi and foreign minds in the education sector.

D. Higher Education and Research:

• Global Competitiveness: Aiming to have at least five Saudi universities among the top 200 globally by 2030. This involves significant investment in research and development, and fostering international academic partnerships.
• Alignment with Labor Market: University programs are being redesigned to meet current and future job market demands, with a focus on emerging sectors like manufacturing, renewable energy, technology, and tourism.
• Research & Innovation Ecosystem: Universities are encouraged to become centers of research and innovation, collaborating with industry to address national challenges and develop new technologies. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) plays a leading role in advanced research.

E. Vocational Training (TVET) and Entrepreneurship:

• Enhanced TVET Programs: Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs are being revitalized and expanded to equip individuals with essential labor market skills, addressing the historical stigma associated with vocational training.
• Entrepreneurship Education: Educational initiatives focus on entrepreneurship skills, innovation management, and financial literacy to prepare graduates to start and grow businesses in the private sector.
• Private Sector Involvement: Encouraging private investment in education through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and independent schools to increase quality and capacity.

III. Interconnection and Synergies

The success of Saudi Vision 2030’s tech and education advancements is deeply interdependent:

• Talent Pipeline for Tech: Education reforms are designed to create the skilled Saudi workforce needed to fill jobs in the burgeoning tech sectors, including AI, cybersecurity, software development, and smart city management.
• Tech as an Enabler for Education: Technology is transforming the delivery and accessibility of education, making it more effective, personalized, and efficient. Digital platforms and AI tools are being used to enhance learning outcomes.
• Research & Development Loop: Advanced universities and research institutions provide the R&D capabilities necessary for technological breakthroughs, which in turn feed into new industries and job creation.
• Innovation Ecosystem: A robust education system that fosters critical thinking and creativity feeds into a dynamic startup and innovation ecosystem, leading to new tech solutions and economic opportunities.

IV. Challenges

Despite the significant strides, challenges remain:

• Pace of Change: The speed of technological evolution necessitates constant adaptation in education and training.
• Cultural Resistance: Overcoming traditional learning methodologies and resistance to rapid educational reforms.
• Teacher Preparedness: Ensuring that educators are adequately trained and equipped to implement new curricula and integrate advanced technologies.
• Quality vs. Quantity: Expanding access to education while maintaining and improving quality standards across the board.
• Attracting and Retaining Global Talent: While Saudization is a key goal, attracting and retaining top international tech talent and academics is crucial for technology transfer and world-class education.
• Bridging the Digital Divide: Ensuring equitable access to digital infrastructure and education for all segments of the population, especially in remote areas.

In conclusion, Saudi Vision 2030 is meticulously weaving together technological advancement and educational reform. By investing massively in digital infrastructure, fostering cutting-edge technologies like AI and smart cities, and simultaneously reforming its education system to produce a future-ready workforce, Saudi Arabia aims to establish itself as a prominent global player in the knowledge economy. The synergy between these two pillars is critical for the Kingdom’s long-term economic diversification and sustainable development.

Saudi Arabia: Culture, Sports, and Global Horizons

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing advancements in cultural heritage preservation, experiencing significant developments in sports, and preparing to host and participate in various international events, all reflecting its ambitious Vision 2030 goals.

Here are the details from the sources:

Cultural Heritage Preservation:

• “Year of Handicrafts” 2025: Saudi Arabia has designated 2025 as the “Year of Handicrafts” to enhance their status as a cultural heritage. This initiative aims to support and encourage artisans, develop their skills, and prevent the disappearance of traditional crafts. The focus is on handicrafts that rely on manual skills using simple tools, avoiding modern technologies.
• Najdi Engravings: Najdi engravings on doors are recognized as a prominent traditional art form in the Najd region, embodying cultural and architectural identity. These engravings, featuring designs like “Al-Baithana,” “Grape Cluster,” “Flower,” and “Al-Shams,” serve as heritage messages conveyed through artistic expression. The creation of Najdi doors involves traditional techniques such as carving, engraving, coloring, burning, and excavation. These symbols represent a deep-rooted Najdi heritage and national identity.
• “Asan” Museum: The upcoming “Asan” Museum, set to open in Diriyah, is a significant non-profit initiative by Princess Sarah bint Mashhour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. Its primary goal is to preserve Saudi heritage, both tangible and intangible, and to foster a generation proud of its roots. The museum will feature extensive collections of heritage artifacts, interactive exhibitions, and educational programs, spanning an area of 40,000 square meters. It aims to support cultural sustainability and empower youth through activities like drawing, storytelling, perfume design, henna application, and traditional handicrafts, all within an innovative design inspired by Najdi architectural heritage.
• Ancient Paths in Al-Baha: Historic surveys have been conducted on ancient paths, locally known as “Al-Aqaab,” in the Al-Baha region. These paths served as crucial links between the elevated Sarawat mountains and the lower Tihama plains, facilitating economic, commercial, and agricultural activities. The survey identified 35 ancient paths, many of which were unpaved and constructed using local mountain stones, reflecting the historical understanding of geography and building techniques.
• King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Quran: In June, the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Quran in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah welcomed over 28,000 visitors from various nationalities, including Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. Visitors gained insights into the Holy Quran printing stages, its multi-language translations, and the technological efforts dedicated to its preservation and dissemination, emphasizing the Kingdom’s commitment to the Quran and promoting Islam’s moderate message.
• Darat Al-Malik Abdulaziz: The Darah has launched the “Wathaiq Al-Darrah” (Documents of the Darah) initiative to make historical documents accessible to researchers, thereby preserving national memory and benefiting the public. This includes both digital access via electronic services and physical access at research centers, upholding privacy regulations.
• Cultural Skills Competition: The Ministry of Culture initiated the third edition of the Cultural Skills Competition from June 29 to July 11, involving 162 students nationwide. The competition spans nine main categories: theater, digital art, filmmaking, photography, handicrafts, short stories, manga, singing, and musical instruments. This aligns with the national strategy to develop cultural talents, preserve Saudi heritage, and boost cultural awareness.
• Cultural Partnership with China: The Ministry of Culture signed an executive program with the China-Arab Studies Center for Cultural Cooperation to strengthen cultural exchange, coinciding with the Saudi-Chinese Cultural Year 2025. The program includes joint research, conferences, seminars, and facilitating researcher visits between the two countries.
• Al-Taif’s Diminished Cultural Profile: An opinion piece laments Al-Taif’s current status, describing it as “lost in oblivion” despite its rich history as a hub for literature and its natural beauty. It calls for renewed focus on its cultural significance and integration into tourism promotion.
• Al-Madinah’s Architectural Memory: The natural stones of Al-Madinah, such as basalt and granite, have played a fundamental role in the city’s traditional and modern architecture, used in building homes, walls, and castles. These materials provide excellent thermal insulation and preserve the city’s unique urban identity.
• Al-Ayiqah Beach Cleaning: The Border Guard in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah conducted an environmental campaign to clean Al-Ayiqah beach and its seabed, focusing on raising environmental awareness and promoting community responsibility.

Sports News:

• Al-Nassr Club Pre-Season: Al-Nassr Football Club announced its 30-day pre-season program for the 2025-2026 season, starting July 17. The team will gather in Riyadh for medical examinations, then travel to Austria, Portugal, and finally China (Hong Kong) for the Super Cup tournament. The club chairman, Abdullah Al-Majid, is covering the camp expenses.
• Electronic Sports World Cup 2025: Riyadh will host the Electronic Sports World Cup 2025 from July 7 to August 24. This major event will feature over 2,000 professional players and 200 top clubs from over 100 countries competing in 25 games, with a record-breaking prize pool exceeding $70 million. New games like Chess and VALORANT are included. The Club Championship alone will award $27 million, with $7 million going to the champion. Individual tournaments offer over $38 million, and a “Best Player” award up to $450,000.
• Neom FC New Signing: Neom FC has signed Ivorian midfielder Amadou Koin from French club Stade de Reims for the upcoming 2025-2026 season.
• Saudi Basketball National Team: The Saudi national basketball team is in Jeddah preparing for the Asian Championship finals, which Saudi Arabia will host from August 5-17, 2025. The team has scheduled training camps in Turkey and Doha (Qatar) before the championship. Their matches include China (Aug 5), Jordan (Aug 7), and India (Aug 9).
• Al-Ahly Club and Wissam Abu Ali: Al-Ahly Club has rejected offers for Palestinian striker Wissam Abu Ali, confirming he is a crucial part of the team’s plans.
• Saudi Volleyball National Team: The Saudi national volleyball team is undergoing an intensive training camp in Cairo as they prepare for the West Asian Championship, with plans for another camp in Oman.
• Inter Miami and Messi: Lionel Messi stated that his team, Inter Miami, presented a “good image” in the Club World Cup despite their 4-0 defeat to Paris Saint-Germain, emphasizing a focus on the upcoming North American League.
• Club World Cup Matches:Real Madrid vs. Juventus: Real Madrid, under new coach Xabi Alonso, will face Juventus, led by Igor Tudor, in the Club World Cup semifinals in Miami.
• Borussia Dortmund vs. Monterrey: Borussia Dortmund will face Monterrey in another semifinal match.
• Bayern Munich’s Performance: Bayern Munich defeated Flamengo 4-2 in the semifinals, with coach Vincent Kompany praising his team’s offensive strength and composure.
• Saudi Games and Olympic Academy: The Higher Organizing Committee for the Saudi Games has been re-formed under the leadership of Prince Abdulaziz Al-Faisal. The leadership of Prince Fahd bin Jalawi for the Saudi Olympic Academy board was also renewed.
• Golf Elite Scholarship Camp: The Arab Golf Federation successfully concluded its “Elite Scholarship Camp for Sports Scholarships” in Riyadh (June 26-29), collaborating with IMG Academy. This camp is part of a program to identify and develop promising Arab golf talents under 18 for international competition by 2035.
• Football Commentary: An opinion piece expresses admiration for Cristiano Ronaldo’s impact on Saudi football, describing him as a “player” who embodies what the Saudi project needs, praising his positive image and sense of belonging. Another piece discusses the Saudi national team’s performance in a friendly tournament, stating that the loss should not be overly criticized as it was a friendly match and key players were absent due to injuries or Club World Cup commitments. Sami Al-Dossari is highlighted as an “icon” and a “global star”.
• Al-Fateh Club: Al-Fateh Club is reportedly considering acquiring Al-Soma to strengthen its ranks in the Saudi Professional League.

Upcoming International Events:

• 5th International Conference on Computing and Artificial Intelligence (ICMI 2026): King Faisal University in Al-Ahsa will host this conference in April 2026. It will focus on latest developments in AI, IoT, big data, cloud computing, cybersecurity, software applications, green computing, and trusted computing. The deadline for scientific paper submissions is July 31, 2025.
• Electronic Sports World Cup 2025: As detailed in the sports section, this event will take place in Riyadh from July 7 to August 24, 2025.
• Asian Basketball Championship Finals: Saudi Arabia will host these finals from August 5-17, 2025.
• Jerash Festival (Jordan): The 39th edition of the Jerash Festival for Culture and Arts will be held from July 23 to August 2. It will feature over 235 artistic, cultural, and literary events with participation from 37 Arab and international countries. Saudi artist Khaled Abdulrahman is set to participate for the second time.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is fundamentally reshaping the Kingdom’s identity on the global stage, not just economically but also culturally and socially. By investing heavily in culture and sports, Saudi Arabia aims to enrich the lives of its citizens, attract tourists, and project a new image of moderation, openness, and dynamism to the world.

I. Culture: Preserving Heritage and Fostering Creativity

Vision 2030 recognizes culture as a vital component of a “Vibrant Society” and a powerful tool for national identity and international soft power. The establishment of the Ministry of Culture in 2018 marked a significant turning point, providing a dedicated governmental body to lead the cultural transformation.

A. Heritage Preservation and Promotion:

• UNESCO World Heritage Sites: A key objective is to increase the number of Saudi heritage sites registered with UNESCO. The Kingdom has already surpassed its initial target, with sites like Al-Ahsa Oasis, Hegra (AlUla), At-Turaif District in Diriyah, and Rock Art in the Hail Region receiving global recognition. This not only preserves history but also draws international visitors.
• Restoration and Development: Massive projects are underway to restore and develop historical sites. Diriyah Gate, for example, is transforming the historic birthplace of the first Saudi state into a global cultural and tourism destination, featuring museums, art galleries, and traditional souks.
• AlUla: This ancient oasis city is being developed as a premier destination for cultural tourism, showcasing its archaeological treasures (Hegra), unique rock formations, and hosting major arts and cultural festivals (e.g., Winter at Tantora, AlUla Arts Festival).
• Islamic Heritage: Efforts are focused on preserving and promoting Islamic heritage, including projects around the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah to enhance the pilgrim experience (e.g., Rua Al Madinah). There are also plans to establish the world’s largest Islamic museum.

B. Fostering Arts and Creativity:

• Ministry of Culture’s Role: The Ministry has launched numerous initiatives across diverse cultural domains, including music, theater, film, visual arts, design, fashion, and culinary arts.
• Cultural Hubs: Development of new cultural venues, such as museums, art centers, and performance spaces. Examples include:
• King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra): A landmark institution in Dhahran that serves as a hub for knowledge, creativity, and cross-cultural engagement.
• Maraya Concert Hall in AlUla: A stunning mirrored building that hosts international performances.
• Supporting Local Talent: Initiatives to nurture Saudi artists, writers, musicians, and filmmakers, providing training, funding, and platforms to showcase their work. This includes programs by the MiSK Foundation and the Red Sea International Film Festival in Jeddah, which champions Arab and international cinema.
• Cultural Exchange: Promoting international cultural exchange through collaborations, exhibitions, and performances that bring global arts to Saudi Arabia and Saudi arts to the world.

C. Entertainment and Quality of Life:

• Diversifying Entertainment Options: Historically limited, entertainment options for citizens and residents have vastly expanded, from concerts by international artists to family-friendly festivals.
• Mega Entertainment Projects: Qiddiya is the most prominent example, designed to be the Kingdom’s entertainment, sports, and cultural capital. It will feature theme parks (including Six Flags Qiddiya), water parks, sports arenas, and cultural venues, aiming to capture a significant portion of domestic entertainment spending and attract international tourists.
• Seasonal Festivals: Riyadh Season and Jeddah Season are large-scale, multi-month festivals that attract millions with diverse offerings including concerts, theatrical performances, sporting events, and culinary experiences.
• Open Public Spaces: Developing parks, promenades, and green spaces (e.g., Green Riyadh) to enhance urban living and provide venues for community activities.

II. Sports: From Participation to Global Powerhouse

Saudi Arabia is undergoing a dramatic transformation in sports, driven by massive investments, strategic partnerships, and a clear ambition to become a global sporting hub. This is central to the “Vibrant Society” pillar, aiming to increase sports participation and enhance the Kingdom’s international image.

A. Promoting Mass Participation:

• Increased Activity Rates: Vision 2030 aims to increase the ratio of individuals exercising at least once a week from 13% to 40% by 2030.
• Community Sports: Investment in grassroots sports, community facilities, and initiatives to encourage active lifestyles across all age groups and genders. The Saudi Sports for All Federation plays a key role in this.
• Sports Boulevard (Riyadh): A major project integrating sports, culture, and urban development, providing extensive cycling and pedestrian paths, green spaces, and sports facilities.

B. Hosting Major International Events:

• Strategic Bid for Global Events: Saudi Arabia has aggressively pursued and secured numerous high-profile international sporting events:
• FIFA World Cup 2034: Successfully bid to host the world’s biggest football tournament, a landmark achievement that will significantly boost tourism and infrastructure development.
• Asian Winter Games 2029: To be held in Trojena, NEOM, showcasing the Kingdom’s diverse natural landscape.
• Expo 2030 (Riyadh): While not purely a sports event, Expo will also feature significant sports-related activations and further elevate Riyadh’s global standing.
• Esports World Cup: The inaugural Esports World Cup will be held in Riyadh, cementing Saudi Arabia’s position as a leader in the rapidly growing esports industry.
• Annual Sporting Calendar: Hosting a diverse range of annual international events:
• Formula 1 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix (Jeddah): A premier motorsport event since 2021.
• Dakar Rally: The iconic off-road rally has been held in Saudi Arabia since 2020.
• Major Boxing Matches: Becoming a major destination for heavyweight boxing title fights (“Day of Reckoning” featuring Tyson Fury, Anthony Joshua, etc.).
• Golf Tournaments: Significant investment in LIV Golf, and actively seeking to shape the future of global golf through potential mergers with PGA and European Tours.
• Tennis: Hosting the WTA Tour Finals and exhibition matches with top players.
• WWE Events: A long-term partnership to host two major wrestling events annually.

C. Investing in Professional Sports:

• Saudi Pro League (Football): Massive investment to attract global football stars (Cristiano Ronaldo, Neymar, Karim Benzema, etc.) to the Saudi Pro League, significantly raising its profile and competitiveness. This is part of the Sports Clubs Investment and Privatization Project.
• National Teams Performance: Improving the performance and global competitiveness of Saudi national teams across various sports.
• Sports Economy: Growing the sports sector’s contribution to GDP, creating jobs, and stimulating related industries like tourism, media, and sports technology. The Saudi sports industry, valued at around $8 billion USD, is projected to reach $22.4 billion USD by 2030.

III. Global Horizons: Soft Power and International Influence

The cultural and sporting transformation is a key pillar of Saudi Arabia’s broader “soft power” strategy, aiming to enhance its global image, build international partnerships, and diversify its geopolitical influence beyond traditional energy diplomacy.

A. Rebranding and Perception Shift:

• Openness and Modernity: The influx of tourists, global events, and cultural exchanges aims to present a more modern, open, and diverse image of Saudi Arabia, moving away from past conservative perceptions.
• Cultural Diplomacy: Leveraging cultural initiatives and sports events to foster mutual understanding, build bridges between societies, and promote Saudi Arabia’s national brand on the global stage.

B. Attracting Investment and Talent:

• Tourism Appeal: The vibrant cultural and sports scene makes Saudi Arabia a more attractive destination for international tourists, directly contributing to economic diversification.
• Talent Attraction: A higher quality of life, diverse entertainment options, and world-class sporting events make Saudi Arabia more appealing for expatriates and skilled professionals, crucial for Vision 2030’s economic goals.

C. Strategic Partnerships:

• Sports Federations: Forging strong partnerships with international sports governing bodies (FIFA, IOC, ATP, WTA, etc.).
• Cultural Institutions: Collaborating with leading global cultural institutions, museums, and art organizations.
• Multilateral Engagement: Hosting global events positions Saudi Arabia as a capable and reliable partner on the international stage, enhancing its diplomatic standing. This also includes efforts in environmental diplomacy (Saudi Green Initiative, Middle East Green Initiative).

D. Addressing Criticism (Sportswashing/Artwashing):

• Saudi Arabia’s ambitious cultural and sports investments have faced accusations of “sportswashing” or “artwashing,” attempting to divert attention from human rights concerns. The Kingdom counters by asserting that these initiatives are genuine efforts to improve the quality of life for its citizens, diversify its economy, and contribute positively to global culture and sports. It emphasizes its commitment to international standards and human rights within the context of its own cultural values.

Conclusion

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is meticulously orchestrating a profound transformation in its cultural and sporting landscape. By investing unprecedented sums in heritage preservation, fostering a dynamic arts scene, and aggressively pursuing global sports events and talent, the Kingdom is rapidly evolving into a major player in these domains. This strategic pivot serves multiple objectives: enriching the lives of its citizens, diversifying its economy through tourism and entertainment, creating new job opportunities, and, crucially, projecting a new, more vibrant and globally engaged image of Saudi Arabia to the world. The pace and scale of change are remarkable, indicating a resolute commitment to reshaping its future beyond oil.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 Economic Transformation

Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing significant economic development initiatives as part of its ambitious Vision 2030, aiming to transform its economy and reduce its reliance on oil.

Here are the key details regarding economic development:

• Vision 2030 and Economic Diversification: The Kingdom’s economy is celebrated for its rapid progress and remarkable achievements, positioning it among the best economies in the Middle East and the world. Vision 2030 is central to this, focusing on diversifying income sources, supporting private sector growth, and reducing reliance on oil as a primary resource. It also aims to create job opportunities for Saudi citizens, both male and female, and attract foreign investments. Saudi Arabia is currently the largest Arab economy.
• Employment and Workforce Development:Unemployment among Saudi citizens has decreased to a record 6.3% in the first quarter of 2025.
• There has been a historic low in female unemployment, reaching 10.5% in Q1 2025, compared to 11.9% in the previous quarter of 2024. This reflects significant initiatives to empower women in the workforce.
• Public Investment Fund (PIF) Performance:The PIF’s total assets increased by 18%, reaching 4.321 trillion Saudi Riyals by the end of 2024, up from 3.664 trillion in the previous year.
• Its total revenues increased by 25%, reaching 413 billion Riyals from 331 billion Riyals.
• This growth is attributed to the revenues of its portfolio companies, including Savvy Games Group, Ma’aden (Saudi Arabian Mining Company), Saudi Telecom Company (STC), AviLease (aircraft leasing), and Gulf International Bank, as well as Aramco dividend distributions.
• Several major projects initiated by PIF have also started to generate increasing revenues.
• Despite global economic challenges like rising interest rates and inflation, the PIF’s net profit reached 26 billion Riyals.
• The PIF has maintained stable cash levels at 316 billion Riyals and successfully diversified its funding sources through global financial markets. Its total debt-to-asset ratio remained stable at 13% in 2024.
• Tourism Sector as an Economic Driver:Tourism is recognized as a strategic economic tool for Saudi Arabia, moving beyond mere recreational or seasonal activity, contributing to income diversification and sustainable economic growth under Vision 2030.
• Domestic tourism has seen significant growth due to investments in infrastructure development (airports, roads) and the launch of multiple tourism seasons.
• The Kingdom has opened tourist visas to over 60 countries and established a Tourism Development Fund.
• The sector has created over 836,000 direct and indirect jobs by 2024 and stimulates other economic sectors like logistics, finance, arts, and hospitality.
• Tourism also helps to re-distribute development across various regions, revitalizing historical sites and natural attractions.
• Challenges include high prices compared to competing external destinations and limited promotion of some promising locations. Despite these, the aim is to increase tourism’s contribution to 10% of GDP by 2030.
• Digital Transformation and Data Investment:Saudi Arabia emphasizes the importance of investing in human capital and data to achieve digital leadership and build a knowledge-based economy.
• Initiatives like the “Wakaa” program (by SDAIA and Tuwaiq Academy) are designed to prepare a generation skilled in the tools of the fourth industrial revolution.
• The Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO), established in 2020, actively promotes digital development and aims to create jobs and digital justice across its member states in Asia, Africa, and Europe.
• Discussions highlight the necessity of aligning global digital strategies with national initiatives and investing in data-driven policies to foster a more efficient and equitable digital economy.
• Education as an Investment: Education is considered the “greatest investment” a state can make, yielding significantly higher returns than industry or tourism. Quality education is seen as foundational for a strong economy, driving the creation of successful companies, research, development, and innovation. It’s crucial for developing qualified human capital (engineers, scientists, doctors) and fostering citizens who contribute to national development.
• Real Estate Sector: The real estate registry plays a vital role in enhancing transparency and efficiency in the real estate sector, supporting economic development. It provides a unified, secure digital platform for access to property ownership history, transactions, and related rights, thereby boosting investor confidence and reducing disputes. This system also offers data analytics to aid in informed investment decisions and the planning of developmental projects, aligning with Vision 2030’s sustainable development goals.
• Mega-Projects: The development of mega-projects like NEOM, Qiddiya, Red Sea, and The Line are highlighted not just as massive urban developments but as symbols of a vision that redefines life and builds environments to meet human ambition, contributing significantly to economic transformation.
• Sports Sector Contribution: While not explicitly detailing financial impact, the reformation of the Higher Organizing Committee for the Saudi Games and the renewal of the Saudi Olympic Academy board leadership indicate a strategic focus on developing the sports sector, which often has economic benefits.
• Oil Market Context: Fluctuations in oil prices are noted, influenced by geopolitical factors in the Middle East and concerns about global demand, particularly from China. While oil remains a significant resource, the economic development strategy emphasizes diversification away from its sole reliance.

Humanitarian Crises: Gaza and Global Aid Efforts

Economic development discussions also encompass efforts related to humanitarian aid, which are crucial for global stability and human well-being. The provided sources highlight significant humanitarian initiatives by Saudi Arabia and detail the severe humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip.

• Saudi Arabia’s Humanitarian Contributions:
• Saudi Arabia, through the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center (KSrelief), actively engages in humanitarian efforts.
• As part of the third phase of the 2025 food security project, KSrelief has distributed 1,250 food baskets benefiting 8,092 displaced families in North Kordofan, Sudan. This initiative is part of the Kingdom’s broader “aid and humanitarian projects” designed to support needy countries and ensure their food security.
• Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza:
• The Gaza Strip is experiencing a profound humanitarian crisis, having endured its 633rd consecutive day of “genocidal war” waged by the Israeli occupation. This ongoing conflict has resulted in widespread “killing, destruction, displacement, and starvation” of the population.
• Reports indicate tens of thousands of martyrs and wounded, alongside thousands of individuals missing under rubble and unknown casualties in mass graves or held in Israeli prisons under “enforced disappearance” following ground operations. The Government Media Office in Gaza reported that the number of martyrs at aid distribution centers due to Israeli-American aid distribution efforts reached 580, with 4,216 injured and 39 missing, all civilians.
• Challenges to Aid Delivery and Infrastructure Damage:
• UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) has affirmed its continuous supply of water to Gaza residents since the war began, but the prolonged Israeli ban on fuel entry for over four months threatens a complete collapse of basic services across the Strip.
• Juliette Touma, UNRWA’s spokesperson in Gaza, emphasized that fuel is a “matter of life or death” in the region, as its continued denial risks the stoppage of hospitals and the collapse of water distribution and sanitation networks, further exacerbating the deteriorating health situation. She also stated that Israeli occupation authorities prevented any UNRWA aid supplies from entering Gaza since March 2, a step warned to lead to an “unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe”.
• The Palestinian Ministry of Telecommunications and Digital Economy reported widespread destruction to the telecommunications sector in Gaza, with approximately 74% of its assets destroyed. Direct losses are estimated at $164 million due to the destruction of 580 cellular towers and main fiber optic networks. Projected economic losses over the next five years could reach $736 million due to the scale of destruction and the urgent need for rebuilding. The Ministry noted “widespread communication outages” and the lack of practical steps to implement UN Resolution 1424 (2024) for rebuilding the Palestinian telecommunications sector.
• The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Council has decided to hold a donor conference and establish a special financial support fund for Palestine, explicitly classifying the telecommunications sector as an “essential humanitarian service”. It also recommended enabling Palestine to access 4th and 5th generation frequency spectrum technologies.
• Beyond Gaza, sources indicate escalating attacks by Israeli occupation forces and settlers in the occupied West Bank, including widespread arrest campaigns, house raids, uprooting of olive trees, and road closures. These actions further contribute to humanitarian suffering and economic disruption in Palestinian communities.
• A report from an Arabic newspaper highlighted that the Israeli army pays private contractors approximately $1,500 for each house demolished in Gaza, which one soldier reportedly described as generating significant profit from destruction, and some actions have led to the killing of “hungry Palestinians” waiting for food.

Saudi Anti-Corruption Drive and Regulatory Reforms

Saudi Arabia is actively addressing judicial and administrative matters, particularly through robust anti-corruption efforts and the implementation of new regulatory frameworks to enhance transparency and efficiency across various sectors.

Anti-Corruption Initiatives and Cases The Anti-Corruption Commission (“Nazaha”) is diligently investigating and prosecuting cases of financial and administrative corruption within the Kingdom. A key principle guiding these efforts is that crimes of financial and administrative corruption do not fall under the statute of limitations, ensuring that perpetrators can be held accountable even after their service ends. Nazaha is committed to monitoring and apprehending anyone who exploits public funds or abuses their position for personal gain.

In a recent period, Nazaha initiated investigations into 18 distinct financial and administrative corruption cases, with systemic procedures underway against those involved:

• Case 1: Two employees at a seaport border crossing were arrested for accepting 400,000 Riyals from a customs broker to facilitate illegal truck imports.
• Case 2: A police officer and a municipality employee in one governorate were apprehended for receiving 110,000 Riyals from three commercial entities. This was in exchange for allowing them to unlawfully obtain and sell minerals, valued at 4,655,000 Riyals, from government project demolition sites.
• Case 3: A court clerk at a criminal court was caught in the act of receiving 32,500 Riyals (part of an initial 65,000 Riyals) for promising an individual a verdict of innocence.
• Case 4: A resident employed by a commercial entity was arrested for taking 234,375 Riyals to illegally secure subcontracting work on projects under the Ministry of Education.
• Case 5: A director of services and licenses at a municipality was arrested for illegally canceling violations against commercial entities and possessing 7,131,156 Riyals in his bank accounts with unverified sources.
• Case 6: An employee at the King Fahd Causeway Public Corporation was arrested for illicitly collecting 55,395 Riyals in transit fees by using his personal pass card to allow vehicles to pass without registering the revenue for the corporation.
• Case 7: A military serviceman from the Ministry of Interior was involved with a resident (who worked as a collector for a company) in seizing 707,000 Riyals from the resident.
• Case 8: A municipality employee was arrested for receiving 51,000 Riyals in installments from residents working in commercial establishments, overlooking their municipal violations and failing to record fines.
• Case 9: A resident was arrested for offering 43,350 Riyals to a security officer for his release.
• Case 10: An employee at a land border crossing was arrested for confiscating tobacco products and using an official vehicle to transport them to an unapproved customs warehouse.
• Case 11: A maritime inspector at the General Ports Authority was arrested for receiving 11,250 Riyals from a ship captain in exchange for not issuing a fine or detaining the vessel.
• Case 12: A police officer (station head) was arrested for receiving money to follow up and resolve cases within his police station.
• Case 13: An employee at the Ministry of Commerce was apprehended while receiving 12,000 Riyals in exchange for not publishing a judicial ruling that implicated a commercial entity in commercial fraud.
• Case 14: A field supervisor at a company contracted by a municipality was arrested while receiving 3,000 Riyals (from a total of 15,000 Riyals) to avoid issuing a violation against a commercial entity.
• Case 15: A municipality employee was arrested while receiving 2,000 Riyals in exchange for not issuing a building violation.
• Case 16: The director of the Medical Supply and Logistics Department at a health cluster was arrested for requesting 380,000 Riyals from a medical company to issue medical supply orders irregularly.
• Case 17: The director of the Contracts and Procurement Department at a health cluster was arrested for accepting money to allow a commercial entity (owned by a relative) to obtain projects illegally. He also offered 100,000 Riyals to a colleague for the same purpose.
• Case 18: A resident physician at a government hospital was arrested for receiving money to issue illegal “sick leave” medical reports.

Enhancing Transparency in the Real Estate Sector The Real Estate Registry plays a vital role in strengthening transparency and efficiency within the real estate sector, which is crucial for supporting economic development. It acts as a unified, secure digital platform, providing easy access to property ownership history, transactions, and associated rights. This system aims to increase investor confidence and reduce real estate disputes. Furthermore, it offers data analytics to assist in making informed investment decisions and planning developmental projects, aligning with Vision 2030’s sustainable development goals.

New Regulations for Home Delivery Services To regulate the home delivery sector, a mandatory “home delivery permit” for food and non-food establishments began on July 1, 2025. This permit ensures compliance with health and technical standards, aiming to establish a safe and effective environment that builds consumer trust. The new regulations, overseen by the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing, include requirements for health certificates for delivery workers, clear display of the establishment’s name or trademark on the delivery vehicle, and vehicles equipped to meet technical and health requirements for product transport, such as maintaining proper temperatures for food items. These measures are intended to mitigate negative issues like unsuitable transport methods, traffic congestion, and lack of discipline among delivery personnel, which have been noted as challenges in this activity. The regulatory push is part of broader efforts to develop the service sector’s infrastructure and ensure reliable, safe delivery services, contributing to Vision 2030’s goals for improved service quality and public health.

Saudi Arabia: Sports, Culture, and Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing comprehensive strategies to advance both its sports and cultural sectors, recognizing their vital roles in national development and the realization of Vision 2030. These efforts are often interconnected, aiming to enhance quality of life, boost the economy through diversification, and promote the Kingdom’s identity on the global stage.

Sports Initiatives and Development

The Kingdom is heavily investing in developing its sports infrastructure and nurturing local and international talent:

• Club and National Team Preparations:
• Al-Nassr Club has announced an extensive preparatory program for the new season (2025-2026), including training camps in Austria, Portugal, and China, with the club’s board chairman, Abdullah Al-Majed, covering the costs.
• The Saudi national basketball team is preparing for the Asian Championship, which Saudi Arabia will host from August 5-17, 2025. Their preparations include a 20-day external camp in Turkey and a final phase in Doha, Qatar.
• The Saudi national volleyball team is also undergoing an preparatory camp in Cairo, Egypt, to get ready for the West Asia Championship, and will then head to Oman for further training and friendly matches.
• Al-Ahly Club has firmly rejected offers for its Palestinian striker, Wissam Abu Ali, signaling the club’s commitment to retaining key players based on technical needs.
• Neom Sports Club has made its first significant signing for the upcoming season, acquiring Ivorian midfielder Amadou Kone from Stade Reims, with a reported market value of 4 million Euros.
• There is ongoing discussion about Al-Fateh club’s interest in signing Syrian striker Omar Al-Soumah.
• Organizational and Strategic Development:
• The Saudi Olympic and Paralympic Committee has held its first board meeting for the 2024-2028 cycle, approving the formation of the Supreme Organizing Committee for the Saudi Games and the board of the “Mahd Academy”.
• The Saudi Golf Federation has concluded its “Elite Camp for Sports Scholarships,” held in collaboration with IMG Academy. This program aims to identify and develop emerging Arab golf talents under 18, preparing them for international competition by 2035.
• The Electronic Sports World Cup 2025, hosted in Riyadh from July 7 to August 24, is set to be the largest event of its kind. It will feature over 2,000 professional players and 200 clubs from more than 100 countries competing across 25 games for a prize pool exceeding $70 million. This emphasizes the Kingdom’s push to become a global hub for e-sports, viewing the sector as an essential humanitarian service.
• Impact of Global Figures:
• The presence of international stars like Cristiano Ronaldo in Saudi football is seen as a major asset, serving as an ambassador for the “Saudi Project” across sports, tourism, entertainment, and culture. His positive reflections on life in the Kingdom are noted.
• The recent Club World Cup matches, including Real Madrid vs. Juventus and Bayern Munich vs. Flamengo, showcase high-level international football hosted in the region.
• Lionel Messi commented on Inter Miami’s “good image” in the Club World Cup despite their early exit, highlighting the club’s attempt to present their best.
• Discussions surrounding the Saudi national team’s performance in a friendly tournament emphasize the importance of viewing such events as opportunities for player trials rather than ultimate failures, advocating for constructive criticism, especially in anticipation of crucial World Cup qualifiers.

Cultural Preservation and Promotion

Saudi Arabia is dedicated to preserving its rich heritage and promoting diverse cultural expressions:

• Heritage Preservation and Tourism:
• The year 2025 has been designated as the “Year of Handmade Crafts” to highlight the importance of traditional crafts as a cultural legacy, encourage artisans, and preserve skills that rely on simple tools.
• Najdi engravings are celebrated as a key traditional art form, reflecting the historical and architectural identity of the Najd region.
• The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center (KSrelief), as part of Saudi Arabia’s aid efforts, participates in humanitarian projects that align with supporting needy countries and ensuring food security, exemplifying broader humanitarian and cultural values.
• A significant project involves the documentation of ancient paths (“Al-Agaab”) in the Al-Baha region, which served as vital trade, pilgrimage, and social links between mountainous and lowland areas for centuries.
• The King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (Darah) is promoting accessibility to historical documents through digital and physical means, aiming to preserve national memory and support research.
• The “Asaan” Museum, a non-profit initiative, is highlighted as a model for preserving Saudi heritage through interactive exhibits and educational programs, embodying the Kingdom’s commitment to heritage conservation.
• Raghdan Forest Park in Al-Baha is featured as a picturesque summer destination, showcasing the region’s natural beauty and its development for tourism, including new gardens and walking paths.
• Al-Medina’s unique architecture, utilizing natural stones like basalt and granite, is emphasized for its historical significance, thermal insulation properties, and contribution to the city’s distinct urban identity.
• Cultural Exchange and Events:
• A new Saudi-Chinese cultural cooperation program has been signed, focusing on joint research, cultural content exchange, and facilitating visits for researchers to strengthen cultural ties.
• The Cultural Skills Competition, in its third edition, includes a training camp for 162 students from across the Kingdom, providing specialized training in various artistic and cultural fields like theater, digital art, filmmaking, and traditional crafts.
• The “Al-Bayt Baytkum… Ya Ba’ad Hayyi” festival in Ha’il showcases over 40 cultural and artistic activities, including traditional crafts and performances, supporting local artisans and promoting regional tourism.
• Historic Jeddah is adorned with international art sculptures, serving as a creative blend of contemporary art and ancient heritage to enhance its cultural presence and attract visitors.
• New films, such as the Chinese animation “Nezha 2” with Saudi dubbing, and local productions like “Babo Lo Scrap” and “Ibn Meen Fehim,” are being launched in Saudi cinemas, reflecting a growing film industry and cultural exchange.
• The Jerash Festival in Jordan is a significant regional cultural event, featuring performances by Saudi artist Khalid Abdulrahman, underscoring inter-Arab cultural exchange.
• The phenomenon of the “Labubu” doll, gaining popularity among Saudi youth, is analyzed as a contemporary symbolic behavior that expresses identity and belonging within a globalized digital culture.
• The “Saudi Seasons” initiative is described as a principal platform for enhancing identity and attracting visitors, launching programs for training and qualifying national cadres in collaboration with international institutions. These initiatives aim to diversify income sources and build a sustainable economy in line with Vision 2030.

Both sports and culture are seen as crucial components of Saudi Arabia’s national identity and economic diversification, with significant investment and strategic planning underpinning their development and global promotion under Vision 2030. The emphasis on youth and women’s empowerment, alongside the careful preservation of heritage, showcases a holistic approach to national progress.

Saudi Arabia: Tourism, Culture, and Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia is undertaking comprehensive and interconnected initiatives to advance both its tourism and cultural sectors, recognizing their vital roles in national development and the realization of Vision 2030 [Conversation history]. The Kingdom’s strategy focuses on enhancing quality of life, diversifying the economy, and promoting its national identity globally [Conversation history, 1].

Advancing Tourism through Strategic Development

Saudi Arabia is making significant investments in its tourism sector, aiming for it to be a key driver of economic growth and diversification:

• Vision 2030 Integration: Tourism is considered an economic tool and a core component of the state’s philosophy for diversifying income and building a sustainable economy. The goal is to increase tourism’s contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to 10% by 2030.
• Infrastructure and Access:
• The Kingdom has seen significant leaps in domestic tourism, supported by enhanced infrastructure, including road networks and airport improvements.
• Tourist visas have been opened to citizens from over 60 countries, facilitating international travel to the Kingdom.
• New projects like NEOM, Qiddiya, the Red Sea Project, and The Line are not just massive urban developments but symbols of a vision that redefines life and builds environments suitable for human ambition.
• Job Creation and Economic Impact: The tourism sector directly created over 836,000 jobs in 2024, demonstrating its capacity to generate employment. The total tourism spending in the Kingdom, from both domestic and international visitors, reached approximately 284 billion Riyals.
• Diverse Destinations and Experiences:
• “Saudi Seasons” serve as a primary platform for enhancing national identity and attracting visitors, offering various programs and training for national cadres.
• Al-Baha’s Raghdan Forest Park is highlighted as a picturesque summer destination, undergoing continuous development with new gardens and walking paths to attract tourists. The park attracts significant numbers of visitors during the summer season.
• The “Qassim Rural Tourism Award” aims to support and develop rural tourism destinations, leveraging the region’s unique agricultural, environmental, and heritage assets for investment and marketing.
• Taif is recognized for its historical depth, moderate climate, and natural components, featuring Sisid National Park as a major attraction with mountains, trees, and springs. A new tourism route connects southern cities and villages, showcasing diverse natural landscapes from Taif’s coast to Asir.
• The Kingdom offers a safe and stable environment for tourists and relies on its diverse geographical and climatic features, rich heritage, historical sites, and various events to provide a holistic tourism experience.

Preserving and Promoting Cultural Heritage

Cultural preservation is deeply intertwined with tourism, aiming to showcase Saudi Arabia’s rich history and identity:

• Focus on Traditional Crafts: The year 2025 has been designated as the “Year of Handmade Crafts” to underscore the importance of traditional crafts as a cultural legacy, support artisans, and ensure the preservation of these skills.
• Traditional Arts and Architecture:
• Najdi engravings are celebrated as a key traditional art form that reflects the historical and architectural identity of the Najd region, appearing on doors and other products.
• Al-Medina’s unique architecture, utilizing natural stones like basalt and granite, is recognized for its historical significance and its contribution to the city’s distinct urban identity.
• Documentation and Preservation Projects:
• The King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (Darah) is actively working to make historical documents accessible to researchers, preserving national memory through digital and physical means.
• There is a significant project for the documentation of ancient paths (“Al-Agaab”) in the Al-Baha region. These paths served as crucial links for trade, pilgrimage, and social connections between mountainous and lowland areas for centuries.
• Museums and Cultural Institutions:
• The “Asaan” Museum is highlighted as a non-profit initiative dedicated to preserving Saudi heritage through interactive exhibits and educational programs, embodying the Kingdom’s commitment to heritage conservation.
• The King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran in Al-Medina is a global landmark that attracted nearly 29,000 visitors in June, demonstrating its international importance in printing and spreading knowledge of the Holy Quran.
• Cultural Events and Exchange:
• Historic Jeddah is being enhanced with international art sculptures, creating a creative blend of contemporary art and ancient heritage to boost its cultural presence and attract visitors.
• The “Al-Bayt Baytkum… Ya Ba’ad Hayyi” festival in Ha’il showcases over 40 cultural and artistic activities, including traditional crafts and performances, supporting local artisans and promoting regional tourism.
• A new Saudi-Chinese cultural cooperation program has been signed, focusing on joint research, cultural content exchange, and facilitating visits for researchers to strengthen cultural ties.
• The Cultural Skills Competition, in its third edition, includes a training camp for 162 students in various artistic and cultural fields such as theater, digital art, filmmaking, and traditional crafts. This initiative aims to discover and develop talents while preserving Saudi cultural heritage.

Challenges and Future Outlook

While significant progress has been made, the sources acknowledge ongoing challenges in the tourism sector:

• High Costs: Accommodation and facility prices can be high compared to competing international destinations.
• Integration and Marketing: There is a recognized need for better integration among tourism-related entities (transport, municipalities, services, entertainment, culture, environment) and more effective marketing of promising destinations.
• Human Capital: A shortage of qualified human resources in hospitality and customer service remains a challenge.

The Kingdom aims to overcome these challenges through an integrated economic methodology that addresses pricing imbalances, enhances service quality for visitors, and expands tourism offerings to suit diverse income brackets. The commitment to preserving heritage and investing in diverse tourism experiences is seen as crucial for building a more diversified and sustainable economy aligned with Vision 2030.

Saudi Vision 2030: Economy, Culture, and Social Evolution

Here are the titles of the columns found in the newspaper, along with their first two paragraphs of detail, as requested:

• كلمة (A Word) Saudi Arabia’s economic journey is marked by rapid and progressive achievements, reflecting the leadership’s determination to re-formulate the economy’s foundations under Vision 2030, which has made it one of the best economies in the Middle East and the world by achieving specific goals to diversify income sources, support private sector growth, reduce reliance on oil, and provide job opportunities for Saudi youth of both genders, attracting foreign investments to support development projects. The national economy would not achieve sustainable development had the Kingdom not considered strength a strategic option that cannot be deviated from during implementation. The manifestations of this strength are evident in the results of indicators issued by international economic organizations, which unanimously agree that Saudi Arabia is today the largest Arab economy, and is moving steadily towards achieving levels that exceed its ambitious vision in terms of economic strength indicators, having achieved positive results in the unemployment rate, with a record decrease to 6.3% among citizens, according to the first quarter of the current year (2025).
• النقش النجدي.. سحر التراث ورمز الجمال (Najdi Engraving… The Magic of Heritage and a Symbol of Beauty) The designation of 2025 as the “Year of Handmade Crafts” in the Kingdom aims to establish the importance of traditional crafts as an authentic cultural legacy, supporting their practice, preservation, and acquisition, and documenting their forms and presence in our contemporary life, celebrating a rich cultural and heritage with a deep history that forms an important part of the cultural and heritage identity of peoples. Handmade crafts have played a prominent role in lifestyles across time, bearing witness to continuous creativity that embodies the succession of civilizations. These crafts are not just an art form; they represent a deep historical and heritage narrative, telling stories of ancestors that embody renewed civilizations pulsating with life across the ages.
• أزمة المواقف تنتظر الحل (The Parking Crisis Awaits a Solution) The ongoing and recurring crisis of parking spaces between many car rental companies and property owners (commercial and residential shops, and residential neighborhoods) due to the appropriation of parking spaces by car rental companies and in front of service facilities, can be summed up by the titles “open files and recurring crisis,” and “a crisis awaiting solution”. Monira Al-Huthail, a teacher, revealed that female teachers who drive cars face great difficulties every morning in finding parking due to car rental companies parking their vehicles in public parking spaces next to schools, at a time when these spaces are supposed to be allocated for employees in government and private service facilities.
• أساطير الأقدمين بين الأوراق (Legends of the Ancients Among the Pages) These narratives were woven in gatherings, on the lips of the past, transmitted to us today to bear witness to the ancient heritage, its greatness, and how our ancestors were not just people who lived a distant time, but rather creators of legends that transcend the walls of time to live among us. The wise believed that everything possesses a soul residing in the wonder and grandeur of mountains, ancient trees, and in the small details we overlook; these legends, written in blood, are found between the faded leaves, blood of wars and conquests, tears of lovers who parted from their beloveds, and ink of scholars deeply rooted in their knowledge.
• صدمة الأجيال المتكّررة! (The Recurring Shock of Generations!) With every new discovery, new invention, and new technology, convictions change, and the order of priorities and tasks, and even the fragility of some concepts that seemed obvious and simple yesterday, transform into something that now appears daunting, causing dread, astonishment, and fierce resistance. Many inventions that shocked us at first, we later discovered to be insignificant, and many that were once daily miracles have now become a joke, producing signals that we exchange to laugh at the innocence of previous generations. “May God have mercy on my father…” one friend said with a mixture of regret and nostalgia: “On the day we installed the submersible pump, we laughed at his condition, wondering how he could understand how it worked and turn it off! And as we remember those shocks of that generation, today he is still laughing at his condition!”.
• الطريق إلى العالم الأول (The Road to the First World) Distinguished education is our locomotive to the First World, where there is power, prosperity, and progress at all levels. The question is: how do we achieve this? Everyone knows that there are no magical solutions or shortcuts, but rather a long and arduous path. Since education began in our country, “teachers, parents, and students” have all demanded its development, and it has stumbled many times for many reasons, most notably the apprehension of any change, and the negative effects of the dominance of traditionalists over curricula. Today, with the Capacity Development Program chaired by His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and the existence of the National Center for Curriculum Development, the path will be paved for the necessary changes for development without the resistance that hindered many development projects. Developing education is costly and difficult, and its path is long, but its results are striking at all levels. This is what advanced and distinguished countries in education, such as Finland and Singapore, and other Scandinavian countries, have adopted. Among the most important steps for developing education are the following:
• ما لم ُيقل.. قاله الظن (What Was Unsaid… Suspicion Said It) Relationships don’t always break down because of what was said; sometimes, it’s because of what was thought was said. Deeper interpretation can create a rift greater than the action itself. For what is between a silent glance, a delayed reply, or an unexplained action, suspicions can arise outside their context and spread for years. When the ties of interpretation disappear and questions are suppressed, suspicion turns into conviction, and conviction into preconceived notions, building a silent wall that is difficult to overcome even among the closest people. Someone once said: “I thought he was ignoring me, but then he passed by with a brief story that concealed pain and hope he couldn’t even explain”. How many separations started with bad assumptions.
• الفبركة في عصر الذكاء الاصطناعي (Fabrication in the Age of Artificial Intelligence) Our eyes are no longer a mirror of trust as they once were, in an era where technology competes. We see an image that provokes awe or perfectly crafted videos, and then we ask ourselves: is this real or a digital fabrication? The feeling of confusion has become part of our daily lives, as situations, emotions, and even faces have become a stage for falsification. There is no doubt that artificial intelligence tools represent an unprecedented technological leap that has brought about a qualitative shift in various fields such as education, medicine, and industry. However, in the absence of deterrent regulations, they have also become a tool that can be used to fabricate reality and direct public opinion through artificial content that appears real. As a citizen who understands the importance of technology, I don’t see artificial intelligence as a rival; rather, I see it as a neutral tool that requires strict controls to prevent its misuse.
• “البوبو”.. من دمية إلى رمز اجتماعي (“Labubu”… From Doll to Social Symbol) A small doll’s image, named “Labubu” (Labubu), has become common on social media, appearing in daily photos of young men and women, on café tables, and even on phone covers. Although it initially seems like a simple childhood doll, an examination of the phenomenon from a sociological perspective, specifically through the symbolic interactionist approach, reveals that it has transcended its simple material form to become a social symbol rooted in interactive identity. What we are witnessing is a contemporary symbolic collective behavior, involving the acquisition and circulation of a doll that carries intertwined cultural and social connotations, within a digital youth space that interacts more with symbols than with direct objects or facts. “Labubu” is no longer just a doll; rather, it has become a soft means of expressing self and belonging and distinction, within a network of meanings and daily interactions that are constantly renewed. Returning to the symbolic approach, which is considered one of the most prominent ways to understand human behavior, it is based on a fundamental principle: that humans do not interact with material objects only, but rather according to the meanings they are given. In other words, we do not acquire objects because they are useful, beautiful, or because others show them to us; rather, it is because they express something about us or what we want to be. “Labubu” is not just a doll, but because it has become, due to digital culture, a social symbol that serves as a shared marker for a globalized youth group.

Saudi Visions: Economy, Culture, and Society

Here are all the column titles written in the newspaper and their first two paragraphs of detail, as requested:

• كلمة (A Word) Saudi Arabia’s economic journey is marked by rapid and progressive achievements, reflecting the leadership’s determination to re-formulate the economy’s foundations under Vision 2030, which has made it one of the best economies in the Middle East and the world by achieving specific goals to diversify income sources, support private sector growth, reduce reliance on oil, and provide job opportunities for Saudi youth of both genders, attracting foreign investments to support development projects. The national economy would not achieve sustainable development had the Kingdom not considered strength a strategic option that cannot be deviated from during implementation. The manifestations of this strength are evident in the results of indicators issued by international economic organizations, which unanimously agree that Saudi Arabia is today the largest Arab economy, and is moving steadily towards achieving levels that exceed its ambitious vision in terms of economic strength indicators, having achieved positive results in the unemployment rate, with a record decrease to 6.3% among citizens, according to the first quarter of the current year (2025).
• خادم الحرمين يتلقى رسالتين من رئيسي أنغوال وفيتنام (The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Receives Two Messages from the Presidents of Angola and Vietnam) His Royal Highness the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, received a written message from His Excellency President João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, President of the Republic of Angola, concerning bilateral relations between the two countries and ways to support and enhance them in all fields. His Excellency the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Engineer Walid bin Abdulkarim Al-Khuraiji, received the message during his reception at the Ministry’s headquarters in Riyadh yesterday, the Ambassador of the Republic of Angola to the Kingdom, Frederico Cardoso. During the reception, bilateral relations between the two countries were reviewed, along with ways to develop and enhance them, in addition to discussing topics of common interest. His Royal Highness the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, also received a written message from His Excellency President Vo Van Thuong, President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, concerning bilateral relations between the two countries and ways to support and enhance them in all fields.
• »أوبك+« تجتمع 6 يوليو الجاري (OPEC+ to Meet on July 6th) Oil prices fell at the start of trading on Monday as geopolitical risks in the Middle East receded and expectations of another OPEC+ production increase in August improved supply prospects amid continued uncertainty about global demand forecasts. Brent crude futures fell by 12 cents, or 0.18%, to $67.65 per barrel, before the August contract expired later on Monday. The September contract was more active and fell by 24 cents to $66.56 per barrel. West Texas Intermediate crude fell by 36 cents, or 0.55%, to $65.16 per barrel.
• أزمة مواقف بين »مالك العقارات وشركات تأجير سيارات« (Parking Crisis Between “Property Owners and Car Rental Companies”) The ongoing and recurring crisis of parking spaces between many car rental companies and property owners (commercial and residential shops, and residential neighborhoods) due to the appropriation of parking spaces by car rental companies and in front of service facilities, can be summed up by the titles “open files and recurring crisis,” and “a crisis awaiting solution”. Monira Al-Huthail, a teacher, revealed that female teachers who drive cars face great difficulties every morning in finding parking due to car rental companies parking their vehicles in public parking spaces next to schools, at a time when these spaces are supposed to be allocated for employees in government and private service facilities.
• بدء التطبيق اإللزامي لتصريح التوصيل المنزلي (Mandatory Application for Home Delivery Permit Begins) The mandatory application for issuing “Home Delivery Permit” for food and non-food establishments begins today, Tuesday, July 1, 2025, with the aim of regulating delivery operations within cities and ensuring establishments comply with health and technical requirements, contributing to building a safe and effective environment that enhances consumer confidence in the health and safety standards of the services they provide. Municipalities will undertake field inspection tours to ensure compliance of establishments and apply legal procedures against violators. A number of specialists and interested parties from delivery companies expressed their hope that this step will contribute to limiting the negatives of this activity, including the use of unsuitable means for delivery and the traffic congestion caused by delivery representatives, in addition to their lack of discipline or their violations.
• غزة على حافة االنهيار الصحي واإلنساني (Gaza on the Brink of Health and Humanitarian Collapse) The genocidal war waged by the “Israeli” occupation on the Gaza Strip entered its 633rd consecutive day, during which it intensified its crimes of killing, destruction, displacement, and starvation against the population, leading to the martyrdom of tens of thousands and the injury of thousands, in addition to thousands missing under the rubble, in the streets, and in occupation prisons under the “enforced disappearance” clause. The government media office in Gaza Strip said that the number of martyrs in the Israeli-American aid distribution centers increased to 580 martyrs, 4216 injured, and 39 missing, all of them civilians suffering from starvation and siege. The occupation continued its shelling, destruction, and committing bloody massacres in the Gaza Strip yesterday, where 4 martyrs ascended and 15 others were injured, after the occupation’s warplanes shelled a medical point near “Halawa” school, which shelters displaced people in Jabalya city, north of the strip.
• الرئيس اإليراني: مستعدون لفتح صفحة جديدة مع دول الخليـج (Iranian President: Ready to Open a New Chapter with Gulf States) Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian affirmed his country’s readiness for comprehensive cooperation with the Gulf Cooperation Council, and that through this path, a new page can be opened in its relations in the same region; this comes amid the urgent need to strengthen ties and develop cooperation among Islamic countries. This statement by the Iranian President came during his leadership of the Council of Ministers meeting on Sunday, according to IRNA, the Islamic Republic News Agency. Regarding relations between Iran and Gulf countries, President Pezeshkian affirmed the Islamic Republic’s readiness to solidify Gulf cooperation, and to add a new page of comprehensive relations with the GCC, emphasizing that this vision is based on the urgent necessity for solidarity and comprehensive cooperation and development among Islamic countries.
• »نزاهة« تباشر التحقيق في 18 قضية فساد مالي وإداري (Nazaha Initiates Investigation into 18 Financial and Administrative Corruption Cases) The official spokesperson for the Oversight and Anti-Corruption Authority stated that the authority has initiated several criminal cases during the past period, and legal procedures against their perpetrators are being completed. The most prominent cases were on the following basis. The first case: In cooperation with the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority, two employees working in a seaport were arrested for receiving 400,000 riyals in payments from one of the customs clearance agents (who was also arrested) in exchange for completing procedures for importing trucks from outside the Kingdom illegally.
• صندوق االستثمارات يحقق 413 مليار ريال إيرادات وارتفاع 18 % في الموجودات (PIF Achieves 413 Billion Riyals in Revenues and 18% Increase in Assets) The Public Investment Fund (PIF) announced an 18% increase in its total assets to (4,321) billion riyals by the end of 2024, compared to (3,664) billion riyals for the previous year, and a 25% increase in total revenues to (413) billion riyals, compared to (331) billion riyals for the previous year, affirming its continued efforts to strengthen its financial position, in line with its strategic objectives. The fund explained that these increases were achieved as a result of the increase in revenues of some of its companies, including the Saudi Electronic Games Company, the Saudi Arabian Mining Company “Ma’aden”, and “STC”, the Saudi Telecom Company, and “Avilease”, the aircraft leasing company, and Gulf International Bank, in addition to Aramco’s dividend distributions, as well as the contribution of some major projects, which have started to generate increasing revenues compared to the previous year.
• ي أمير وولي عهد الكويت.. وتهنئ رئيس الكونغو ّ القيادة تعز (Leadership Offers Condolences to Emir and Crown Prince of Kuwait.. And Congratulates the President of Congo) The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, sent a telegram of condolences and sympathy to His Royal Highness Sheikh Meshal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of the State of Kuwait, on the passing of Sheikh Fahad Nasser Sabah Al-Sabah, may God have mercy on him. The King said, “We have learned the news of the passing of Sheikh Fahad Nasser Sabah Al-Sabah, may God have mercy on him, and we send Your Highness and the deceased’s family our deepest condolences and sincere sympathy. We ask God Almighty to cover him with His vast mercy and forgiveness, and to grant him a spacious place in His Paradise, and to protect you from all harm. Indeed, to God we belong, and to Him we shall return”. His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, also sent a telegram of condolences and sympathy to His Royal Highness Sheikh Meshal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of the State of Kuwait, on the passing of Sheikh Fahad Nasser Sabah Al-Sabah, may God have mercy on him.
• أمير تبوك يبحث مع وزير الموارد البشرية استراتيجية سوق العمل والبرامج التنموية (Emir of Tabuk Discusses Labor Market Strategy and Development Programs with Minister of Human Resources) His Royal Highness Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz, Governor of Tabuk Region, received yesterday at his office in the Emirate of Tabuk, in the presence of His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Khalid bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Governor of Tabuk Region, and His Excellency the Minister of Human Resources and Social Development, Eng. Ahmed bin Sulaiman Al-Rajhi, and a number of ministry leaders. During the reception, efforts and ongoing projects of the Ministry in the region were reviewed, along with discussions of its future plans and developmental programs that align with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, emphasizing the wise leadership’s keen interest and care in all that serves the citizen, male and female.
• أداء مطاري الجوف والقريات (Performance of Al-Jouf and Al-Qurayyat Airports) His Royal Highness reviewed during the reception the second annual report for 2024, which included operational performance indicators for Al-Jouf and Al-Qurayyat airports, showing significant improvements in operational efficiency and an increase in flight activity, in addition to passenger satisfaction with flight schedules, and efforts to develop infrastructure and improve service quality, as part of Vision 2030 aims to enhance the passenger experience and support competitiveness. His Royal Highness witnessed a presentation on the new lounge project at Al-Jouf International Airport, where the lounge’s capacity is 1.5 million passengers annually, with its time frame and plan for implementation, to keep pace with the expected growth and enhance the airport’s position as a regional economic and tourism development hub in the region.
• استعراض “بيدي” لتأهيل الفتيات (Review of “Bidi” Program for Girls’ Qualification) His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Nayef bin Abdulaziz, Governor of the Eastern Region, received yesterday at his office in the Emirate’s court, the Director-General of Technical and Vocational Training in the Eastern Region, Abdullah bin Mashari Al-Qahtani, who presented to His Highness a report on the preparation of the first “Bidi” program; a vocational program for girls in the region, organized by the Secondary Industrial Institute in Dammam in cooperation with the Dammam Social Development Center. The Governor of the Eastern Region affirmed that the wise leadership’s support for Saudi women – may God aid them – has contributed to enabling them to participate and compete capably in various fields, by providing an encouraging environment that highlights their creativity and supports their abilities. His Highness pointed out the importance of empowering girls in various fields, which enhances their participation in the developmental process.
• فهد بن سعد يطلع على إنجازات تجمع القصيم الصحي (Fahad bin Saad Reviews Achievements of Al-Qassim Health Cluster) His Royal Highness Prince Faisal bin Saud bin Fahad, Deputy Governor of Al-Qassim Region, received yesterday at his office in the Emirate, Dr. Musa Al-Harbi, CEO of Al-Qassim Health Cluster, who presented a detailed overview of the most prominent health programs and achievements accomplished by the cluster during the past period. During the meeting, His Highness reviewed performance reports and indicators of healthcare services provided to citizens and residents in the region, along with ongoing developmental initiatives and what has been achieved in terms of progress in their implementation.
• ITEX 2025سدايا« تحتفي بطلبة »طويق« الفائزين بـ« (SDAIA Celebrates Tuwaiq Students Winning at ITEX 2025) The President of the National Data Management Office at the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA), Eng. Fahad bin Muhammad Al-Baradi, honored yesterday the students of Tuwaiq Academy who won at the ITEX 2025 International Exhibition for Inventions, Innovations, and Technology, for winning (12) gold medals and (16) special awards, demonstrating their excellence, creativity, and ability to compete with their counterparts from various countries around the world in the name of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, raising its flag with great distinction. Al-Baradi expressed his pride in the sons and daughters of the nation, who presented a bright image of the competent and creative Saudi citizen in this international forum, stating that this achievement did not come from nothing, but is the fruit of our leadership’s vision – may God aid them – which prioritized investment in human capital, and believed that the minds of our youth are the most important wealth for the journey of national transformation.
• »الملك فهد للمصحف الشريف« يستقبل 28 ألف زائر (King Fahd Complex for Holy Quran Receives 28,000 Visitors) The King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran in Madinah received (28,726) visitors from various nationalities during the past month of June, including a number of guests of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ Hajj program, who came to Madinah after performing the rituals, as well as many Umrah visitors who were keen to visit this prominent Islamic landmark, which is considered a global beacon in printing the Holy Quran and spreading its sciences. The nationalities of the visitors varied to include Indonesia, Tajikistan, Egypt, Bangladesh, China, India, Yemen, Algeria, Pakistan, Iraq, and the United States of America, reflecting the complex’s international standing as an important destination for visitors to Madinah from all over the world.
• جامعة الملك سعود تدش ن برنامجًا ّ (King Saud University Launches a Program) King Saud University launched the “Wa’ed” program as part of the university’s efforts to support academic competencies and empower new faculty members, with the aim of enhancing research excellence. The Dean of Scientific Research at the university, Dr. Hamad bin Saleh Al-Wasil, explained that the “Wa’ed” program is a promising step towards building a distinguished generation of researchers, reflecting the university’s keenness to develop the research environment and empower researchers, and contribute to building successful research paths that contribute to the future of national scientific movement.
• »التخصصات الصحية« تفتح التقديم في برنامج »قياديات القطاع الصحي« (Health Specialties Opens Applications for “Healthcare Leaders Program”) The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties announced the start of applications for the “Healthcare Leaders 2025″ program in its first edition, which aims to develop leadership skills in the healthcare sector. The Commission explained that the program aims to enhance and develop leadership capabilities among trainees, and support teamwork and collective communication skills, in addition to formulating future visions and implementing innovative strategies that contribute to achieving institutional goals.
• يد الخير السعودية.. بذل وعطاء (Saudi Hand of Goodness.. Giving and Benevolence) The emergency department at Al-Mouwasat Hospital in Riyadh received a patient transferred from another hospital in critical condition due to severe acute toxic shock and acute kidney failure, in addition to severe heart muscle weakness and the presence of gangrene in the intestines and colon. Immediately upon his arrival, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit, and urgent care was provided, followed by an emergency exploratory surgery to assess the condition.
• مدير الدفاع المدني يستقبل رئيس الحماية اإليطالية (Civil Defense Director Receives Head of Italian Protection) The Director-General of Civil Defense, Major General Dr. Hammoud bin Sulaiman Al-Faraj, received yesterday in Riyadh, the Head of the Italian Civil Protection, Fabio Sciliano. During the meeting, a number of topics of common interest in the field of civil defense were discussed.
• م دورة لإلقراء ّ »الشؤون الدينية بالمسجد النبوي« تنظ (Religious Affairs at Prophet’s Mosque Organizes a Recitation Course) The General Presidency for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque announced yesterday the establishment of a course for recitation at the Prophet’s Mosque, in cooperation with the Recitation Society and the Holy Quran and its Sciences Society, as part of the programs of the Sheikhdom of Recitation. The course targets men and women, and a selection of specialists in recitation and readings will participate in presenting it from Safar 5 to Safar 15, 1447 AH, in the Prophet’s Mosque.
• أمانة الباحة تطلق»هاكاثون االبتكار البلدي« (Al-Baha Municipality Launches “Municipal Innovation Hackathon”) Al-Baha Region Municipality launched the activities of the “First Municipal Innovation Hackathon” under the patronage of the Saudi Society for Artificial Intelligence and Smart Systems at King Saud University. The hackathon aims to enhance technological innovation in municipal services, support digital transformation, and adopt the latest technologies, in line with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 objectives, empowering national competencies, stimulating creativity, and raising performance efficiency in the municipal sector.
• جامعة الملك فيصل ت طلق “موهبة اإلثرائي البحثي” ُ (King Faisal University Launches “Mawhiba Research Enrichment Program”) King Faisal University launched the activities of the “Mawhiba Research Enrichment Program” in its third edition, in partnership with King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity “Mawhiba”. The head of the Mawhiba Research Enrichment Program at King Faisal University, Dr. Fatima Al-Eissa, affirmed that the program will last for four weeks; with the aim of introducing female students to the basics and ethics of scientific research.
• النقش النجدي.. سحر التراث ورمز الجمال (Najdi Engraving… The Magic of Heritage and a Symbol of Beauty) The designation of 2025 as the “Year of Handmade Crafts” in the Kingdom aims to establish the importance of traditional crafts as an authentic cultural legacy, supporting their practice, preservation, and acquisition, and documenting their forms and presence in our contemporary life, celebrating a rich cultural and heritage with a deep history that forms an important part of the cultural and heritage identity of peoples. Handmade crafts have played a prominent role in lifestyles across time, bearing witness to continuous creativity that embodies the succession of civilizations. These crafts are not just an art form; they represent a deep historical and heritage narrative, telling stories of ancestors that embody renewed civilizations pulsating with life across the ages.
• السفير الصيني: العالقات السعودية – الصينية مميزة (Chinese Ambassador: Saudi-Chinese Relations are Distinguished) The Editor-in-Chief, Mr. Hani Wafa, received yesterday the Ambassador of China to the Kingdom, Mr. Zhang Hua. During the meeting, the Chinese Ambassador praised the distinguished relations between the Kingdom and the People’s Republic of China and the keenness of the two countries’ leaderships to strengthen them in all fields. The meeting also discussed many developmental and media topics and the continuous progress they are witnessing. The meeting also discussed the Saudi-Chinese Cultural Program, which aims to frame cultural cooperation between the two sides, coinciding with the Saudi-Chinese Cultural Year 2025.
• مواسم السعودية.. تعزيز الهوية وجذب الزوار (Saudi Seasons.. Enhancing Identity and Attracting Visitors) “Saudi Seasons” has become a leading platform for enhancing cultural identity and attracting visitors, and programs for training and qualifying national cadres have been launched in cooperation with international institutions, in addition to developing unique areas such as “Amlala” and the Red Sea and the AlUla experience and innovation, which represent global models in integrating sustainability and luxury tourism. Dr. Nouf Al-Ghamdi, a member of the Board of Directors of the National Center for Studies and Research, affirmed that tourism in the Kingdom is no longer merely an entertainment activity or a seasonal option limited to residents, but has transformed under Vision 2030 into a strategic economic tool that reflects the state’s philosophy of structural transformation towards diversifying income sources and building a sustainable economy.
• انخفاض متوسط أعمار الرؤساء التنفيذيين للشركات السعودية المدرجة إلى 47 عاًما (Average Age of CEOs in Listed Saudi Companies Drops to 47 Years) A global consulting firm specializing in organizational strategy has issued a new report titled “CEO Succession in Saudi Arabia 2025,” which reviews how Saudi companies deal with the critical issue of CEO succession in the Kingdom. The report focuses on succession planning methodologies and challenges, and also highlights the leadership characteristics and backgrounds of new CEOs in the Kingdom.
• النفط ينخفض مع احتمال زيادة إمدادات “أوبك+” (Oil Falls with Potential Increase in OPEC+ Supplies) Oil prices fell at the start of trading on Monday as geopolitical risks in the Middle East receded and expectations of another OPEC+ production increase in August improved supply prospects amid continued uncertainty about global demand forecasts. Brent crude futures fell by 12 cents, or 0.18%, to $67.65 per barrel, before the August contract expired later on Monday. The September contract was more active and fell by 24 cents to $66.56 per barrel.
• تبخرت عالوة النفط (Oil Premium Evaporated) Oil prices witnessed a sharp decline on Tuesday, June 24, 2025, reaching their lowest level in three weeks after the geopolitical risk premium evaporated following an Iranian missile attack on an American base in Qatar on Monday, June 23, in response to Israeli airstrikes that targeted Iranian nuclear facilities on Sunday, June 22. President Trump announced a ceasefire between Israel and Iran, which eased fears of oil supply disruptions, especially with the Strait of Hormuz remaining open, which is a vital lifeline for transporting a third of global oil production.
• الذهب يرتفع من أدنى مستوى في شهر مع تراجع الدوالر (Gold Rises from One-Month Low as Dollar Retreats) Gold prices rose yesterday, Monday, as the dollar approached its lowest level in three years, while the market’s focus shifted to US jobs data scheduled for release later this week, which could affect the Federal Reserve’s path to cutting interest rates. Spot gold prices rose by 0.7% to reach $3,294.57 per ounce, after hitting its lowest level since May 29 earlier in the session. Gold prices have risen by 5.4% so far this quarter.
• استثمار يحمي البشرية.. توصيل الطلبات (Investment Protects Humanity.. Delivery Services) No one could have imagined that a fleeting visit from a delivery representative could turn into a shocking murder that shakes society! In Dhahran, Dr. Abdulmalik Al-Qadi’s family in the Eastern Province lost their son in a painful and absurd crime, and Saudi Arabia lost one of its competent workers. In a typical scene from daily life, the trust granted to a delivery representative turned into a tragedy, which imposes on us, as individuals, economy, and society, a serious re-thinking of standards for accepting workers in this profession. Are their psychological and criminal backgrounds checked? Do they undergo professional qualification and training before starting their work?.
• الاستثمار بالبيانات يبني اقتصادًا رقميًا أكثر كفاءة وعدالة (Data Investment Builds a More Efficient and Equitable Digital Economy) The Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO) held an open high-level dialogue session as part of the activities of the 20th session of the Global Forum on Internet Governance, focusing on the importance of the multi-stakeholder process in accelerating digital transformation and enhancing global digital inclusion. The session witnessed the participation of an elite group of officials from Italy’s Digital Agency (AGID), the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), the Getulio Vargas Foundation, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), research centers, and a number of member states in the organization, including the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
• الكرملين: إنهاء حرب أوكرانيا يعتمد على واشنطن وكييف (Kremlin: Ending Ukraine War Depends on Washington and Kyiv) Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said in televised remarks on Sunday that the pace of talks to end the war in Ukraine depends on Kyiv’s stance and the effectiveness of the situation on the ground. Five months after President Donald Trump left office, there is no end in sight to the war Russia launched on Ukraine in February 2022, despite his pledge to end it in one day during his 2024 election campaign.
• الطائف.. بين خفوت الضوء ووهج الذكريات (Taif.. Between Fading Light and Glowing Memories) Taif… In its land, that glorious city, a platform for literature and a home for poetry, where Al-Nabigha, Jarir, and Al-Farazdaq once stood. A city whose memory unfolded with the morning breeze and poured the essence of roses into lovers’ poetry collections. Today, it has become forgotten, its name mentioned only in passing, and its beauty hardly present, despite being a cradle for culture and tourism, and a haven for intellectuals and elites, telling stories that history has narrated at gatherings, as if it has exited the spotlight. Yet it was once a curious summer memory, where its breezes blew and where the mountains recited perfumes in Safa and Al-Hada, where the quiet knew no commotion, and in old markets and farms, stories woven from musk and amber extended, where roses were picked like verses.
• أساطير الأقدمين بين الأوراق (Legends of the Ancients Among the Pages) These narratives were woven in gatherings, on the lips of the past, transmitted to us today to bear witness to the ancient heritage, its greatness, and how our ancestors were not just people who lived a distant time, but rather creators of legends that transcend the walls of time to live among us. The wise believed that everything possesses a soul residing in the wonder and grandeur of mountains, ancient trees, and in the small details we overlook; these legends, written in blood, are found between the faded leaves, blood of wars and conquests, tears of lovers who parted from their beloveds, and ink of scholars deeply rooted in their knowledge.
• صدمة الأجيال المتكّررة! (The Recurring Shock of Generations!) With every new discovery, new invention, and new technology, convictions change, and the order of priorities and tasks, and even the fragility of some concepts that seemed obvious and simple yesterday, transform into something that now appears daunting, causing dread, astonishment, and fierce resistance. Many inventions that shocked us at first, we later discovered to be insignificant, and many that were once daily miracles have now become a joke, producing signals that we exchange to laugh at the innocence of previous generations. “May God have mercy on my father…” one friend said with a mixture of regret and nostalgia: “On the day we installed the submersible pump, we laughed at his condition, wondering how he could understand how it worked and turn it off! And as we remember those shocks of that generation, today he is still laughing at his condition!”.
• الطريق إلى العالم الأول (The Road to the First World) Distinguished education is our locomotive to the First World, where there is power, prosperity, and progress at all levels. The question is: how do we achieve this? Everyone knows that there are no magical solutions or shortcuts, but rather a long and arduous path. Since education began in our country, “teachers, parents, and students” have all demanded its development, and it has stumbled many times for many reasons, most notably the apprehension of any change, and the negative effects of the dominance of traditionalists over curricula. Today, with the Capacity Development Program chaired by His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and the existence of the National Center for Curriculum Development, the path will be paved for the necessary changes for development without the resistance that hindered many development projects. Developing education is costly and difficult, and its path is long, but its results are striking at all levels.
• ما لم ُيقل.. قاله الظن (What Was Unsaid… Suspicion Said It) Relationships don’t always break down because of what was said; sometimes, it’s because of what was thought was said. Deeper interpretation can create a rift greater than the action itself. For what is between a silent glance, a delayed reply, or an unexplained action, suspicions can arise outside their context and spread for years. When the ties of interpretation disappear and questions are suppressed, suspicion turns into conviction, and conviction into preconceived notions, building a silent wall that is difficult to overcome even among the closest people. Someone once said: “I thought he was ignoring me, but then he passed by with a brief story that concealed pain and hope he couldn’t even explain”. How many separations started with bad assumptions.
• الفبركة في عصر الذكاء االصطناعي (Fabrication in the Age of Artificial Intelligence) Our eyes are no longer a mirror of trust as they once were, in a time when technology competes. We see an image that provokes awe or perfectly crafted videos, and then we ask ourselves: is this real or a digital fabrication? The feeling of confusion has become part of our daily lives, as situations, emotions, and even faces have become a stage for falsification. There is no doubt that artificial intelligence tools represent an unprecedented technological leap that has brought about a qualitative shift in various fields such as education, medicine, and industry. However, in the absence of deterrent regulations, they have also become a tool that can be used to fabricate reality and direct public opinion through artificial content that appears real.
• “البوبو”.. من دمية إلى رمز اجتماعي (“Labubu”… From Doll to Social Symbol) A small doll’s image, named “Labubu” (Labubu), has become common on social media, appearing in daily photos of young men and women, on café tables, and even on phone covers. Although it initially seems like a simple childhood doll, an examination of the phenomenon from a sociological perspective, specifically through the symbolic interactionist approach, reveals that it has transcended its simple material form to become a social symbol rooted in interactive identity. What we are witnessing is a contemporary symbolic collective behavior, involving the acquisition and circulation of a doll that carries intertwined cultural and social connotations, within a digital youth space that interacts more with symbols than with direct objects or facts. “Labubu” is no longer just a doll; rather, it has become a soft means of expressing self and belonging and distinction, within a network of meanings and daily interactions that are constantly renewed.
• ثالث دول تعد النصر للموسم الجديد (Three Countries Prepare Al-Nassr for the New Season) Al-Nassr Club announced yesterday its preparatory program for the new season, which will last for thirty days in three countries, starting with a three-day gathering in Riyadh for annual medical examinations on July 17. Then, the team will depart for Austria on July 20, and then head to Portugal on August 4 for seven days, returning to Riyadh on August 11. In mid-August, the Al-Nassr mission will travel to China in preparation for the new season and to play the Super Cup in Hong Kong.
• تشكيل لجان األلعاب السعودية ومجلس إدارة »األكاديمية« (Formation of Saudi Games Committees and Academy Board of Directors) The Minister of Sports and President of the Saudi Olympic and Paralympic Committee, His Royal Highness Prince Abdulaziz Al-Faisal, chaired yesterday (Monday) the first meeting of the Board of Directors of the Saudi Olympic and Paralympic Committee for the 2024-2028 session, held remotely, with the attendance of His Royal Highness Prince Jloi bin Fahd, and their Highnesses, Excellencies, and the current General President and Executive Secretary of the Board of Directors, Abdulaziz Ba’ashen. The meeting approved the re-formation of the Supreme Organizing Committee for the Saudi Games, chaired by Prince Abdulaziz Al-Faisal, with the membership of Princess Jloi bint Fahd, Princess Abeer bint Abdulrahman Al-Arifi, Thamer Sanbol, Abdulaziz Saeed, and Abdulaziz Ba’ashen.
• نيوم يدعم صفوفه باإليفواري أمادو (NEOM Strengthens its Ranks with Ivorian Amadou) NEOM Sports Club announced yesterday its first new signing to strengthen its ranks in preparation for the upcoming 2025-2026 football season in the “Roshn” League, as the club signed with Ivorian player Amadou Kouin, a 20-year-old midfielder from French club Reims. He previously represented the Ivory Coast under-23 national team. His market value is 4 million Euros. The player played 24 matches in the French League last season, along with 4 matches in the French Cup. The club’s management aims to announce a number of major player and coach signings in the coming period to prepare the team for league matches and ensure good performance and results, making them a strong competitor in the league.
• منتخب السلة يستعد لنهائيات البطولة اآلسيوية (Basketball Team Prepares for Asian Championship Finals) The Saudi national basketball team players gathered at their preparatory camp in Jeddah in preparation for the Asian Championship finals, which Saudi Arabia will host from August 5-17, 2025. The team will depart on July 5 for Turkey to hold an external camp for 20 days, during which they will play four friendly matches, and then depart on July 25 for the Qatari capital, Doha, to complete their external camp, returning to Jeddah on August 2 to participate in the championship.
• األهلي يرفض التفريط في وسام (Al-Ahly Refuses to Let Wissam Go) Al-Ahly Club announced its categorical rejection of releasing its Palestinian striker Wissam Abu Ali. Al-Ahly said yesterday, Monday, on its official website that after the tripartite meeting held by the club’s president Mahmoud Al-Khatib, technical director Jose Ribero, and sports director Muhammad Youssef, they agreed not to release Wissam Abu Ali, in accordance with the technical vision and the team’s need for his efforts. Al-Ahly received many Arab and European offers for Wissam Abu Ali in the past period, but the football management finally refused to let the player go.
• أخضر الطائرة يواصل تحضيراته لغرب آسيا (Green Volleyball Team Continues Preparations for West Asia) The Saudi national volleyball team continues its preparations in its current preparatory camp in the Egyptian capital, Cairo, in preparation for participating in the West Asia Championship. The “Green Falcons” volleyball team played a number of friendly matches during the camp, with the participation of all players selected by the Tunisian technical director, Muwafaq Al-Sheikh. The squad included: Rashad Salem, Ali Al-Haw, Marwan Al-Mutairi, Hussein Al-Marit, Ammar Al-Madini, Hammoud Al-Ghamdi, Ali Al-Kaeibi, Wissam Al-Juhani, and Muhammad Abu Al-Aila.
• ميسي: ميامي قّدم صورة جيدة (Messi: Miami Presented a Good Image) Argentine star Lionel Messi, captain of Inter Miami, said that his team “presented a good image” in the Club World Cup despite their exit from the round of 16 with a heavy 4-0 loss to French club Paris Saint-Germain. Speaking to “Dee Sports” channel after the match in Atlanta, the eight-time best player in the world said: “We tried to give our best”. His team had sought in vain to save face in the second half, after conceding four goals during the first 45 minutes against the European champion.
• مونديال األندية.. قمة نارية تجمع الريال ويوفنتوس (Club World Cup.. Fiery Summit Gathers Real and Juventus) Real Madrid will clash with Juventus today, Tuesday evening, at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami, under two new technical leaderships, in the round of 16 of the Club World Cup, in an attempt to secure a spot to face Borussia Dortmund, who will play against Monterrey, Mexico. Spanish coach Xabi Alonso has taken charge of Real Madrid after Italian coach Carlo Ancelotti’s disappointing season. Alonso comes with new ideas, the most prominent of which is the participation of the entire squad in defensive duties.
• كومباني ينّوه بقوة بايرن (Kompany Praises Bayern’s Strength) Belgian coach Vincent Kompany, coach of German club Bayern Munich, praised yesterday after the 4-2 victory over Brazilian club Flamengo in the Club World Cup round of 16, the offensive power of his team. The German team had been leading 2-0 and then 3-1, but each time the Brazilian team found a way to keep the match open to all possibilities.
• فينيسيوس يستعيد بريقه (Vinicius Regains His Shine) Real Madrid exited last season without major titles, and the sharp decline in the performance of its Brazilian striker Vinicius Junior was one of the reasons for a disappointing season. After competing for the Golden Ball in the 2023-2024 season, in which the team won the Champions League and the Spanish League, Vinicius started far from his usual level towards the end of the Italian coach Carlo Ancelotti’s period, where Real Madrid settled for second place behind its Catalan rival Barcelona.
• اتحاد الغولف يختتم “معسكر النخبة للمنح الرياضية” (Golf Federation Concludes “Elite Camp for Sports Scholarships”) The Arab Golf Federation concluded the activities of the “Elite Camp for Sports Scholarships” which was held in cooperation with IMG Academy, from June 26-29 in Riyadh, at the Riyadh Golf Club, with the participation of (16) male and female players. The training program included a series of technical, physical, and mental evaluations, and precise tests using advanced technologies such as “TrackMan”, in addition to specialized training stations inside the halls and on golf courses, aiming to measure the players’ overall level.
• السومة على رادار الفتح (Al-Soumah on Al-Fateh’s Radar) Close sources revealed that Al-Fateh club is considering signing the player for the Saudi Professional League. Special sources stated that the club has chosen the player for his experience to strengthen its ranks.
• المسار السياحي (The Tourist Path) The tourist path connecting the regions, cities, and villages of southern the Kingdom provides families and visitors with a weekly recreational trip where they can enjoy a diversity of stunning natural landscapes, encompassing towering mountains and green valleys; starting from Taif coasts, passing through the villages of Maysan, Bani Malik, Thaqif, Al-Mandaq, Al-Baha, Balhamar, Balsamer, Al-Namas, and finally reaching Asir region (Abha). The tourist road offers a unique set of features and rare geographical formations scattered along its length, in addition to agricultural villages with charming natural views, and many valleys and nature reserves, giving visitors the opportunity for camping in the wilderness, especially in the most prominent parts of the Sarawat mountain range.
• »سيسد الطائف«.. الجبال واألشجار والينابيع (Sisd Taif.. Mountains, Trees, and Springs) Sisd National Park in Taif, Makkah region, with its historical depth, natural components, and moderate climate, has been transformed into the largest protected area in Makkah region. It is considered one of the most important and famous natural tourist sites in the Kingdom and the Gulf. The park is located north of Taif on a vast area estimated at 29,843.41 square meters, and is unique in its prime location near several tourist, historical, and entertainment sites in Taif city.
• أحجار المدينة.. ذاكرة معمارية (Madinah Stones.. An Architectural Memory) The natural rocks in the mountains and volcanic fields of Madinah, such as basalt and black granite, formed a fundamental element in the traditional and contemporary architecture of the region, as they were used throughout history in building houses, walls, castles, and historical landmarks. They contributed to maintaining the thermal insulation level of the dwelling, lowering the temperature compared to its external surroundings, and many of these buildings still retain their beauty and durability to this day.
• مبادرة توعوية لتنظيف شاطئ العيقة (Awareness Initiative to Clean Al-Ayiqa Beach) The Border Guard Command in Madinah Region implemented an environmental campaign to clean Al-Ayiqa beach and the seabed, as part of its efforts to enhance environmental awareness and social responsibility. The campaign included removing waste from the beach and seabed and adjacent areas, with the participation of Border Guard personnel and a number of volunteers, with the aim of instilling concepts of preserving the marine environment and enhancing the culture of volunteering and teamwork.
• المرأة في القنفذة إرث عريق (Women in Al-Qunfudhah: An Ancient Heritage) Saudi women have, throughout the ages, manifested the most beautiful images of perseverance and struggle, especially in Al-Qunfudhah Governorate, where they were formerly called “Iron Women” for the resilience they showed in facing harsh conditions, and their active participation in the details of daily life, side by side with men. In a bygone era, more than half a century ago, women in Al-Qunfudhah performed arduous tasks, starting from agriculture, ensuring the family’s needs, and ending with marketing homemade products in popular markets.
• هل الحروب ضرورة أم عبثية؟ (Are Wars a Necessity or an Absurdity?) Wars are among the historical phenomena that have always accompanied human history since its dawn, as they have always been a focal point for discussion and questions about their necessity or absurdity. Are they merely a necessity to achieve interests or protect a nation, or are they an absurdity that threatens human lives and destroys its resources?. Sometimes, wars are viewed as necessary for defense of the homeland or to change unjust systems or to achieve justice. For example, wars waged to defend nations or to confront external threats are sometimes considered necessary, especially if peaceful means have failed to achieve these goals.
• قائٌد يرسم مالمح وطن (A Leader Drawing the Features of a Nation) The anniversary of the allegiance to His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince—may God protect him—is approaching, and it is not just a passing memory, but a national moment that renews faith that this homeland, by the grace of God and then by its wise leadership, is moving confidently towards the future on a journey of historical transformation to write a new chapter of its glory, relying on a vision born from the womb of a dream, nurtured by the trust of a people, and manifested on the ground in undeniable achievements. Since His Highness assumed the mandate of the Crown Prince, a new phase in the Kingdom’s history has begun, transcending traditional development frameworks. It was not a beginning from scratch, but an ascent towards unprecedented horizons, with courage and competence.
• ثمار الصيف ومتعة الترحال (Fruits of Summer and the Pleasure of Travel) With the beginning of every summer, nature’s colors manifest in their most beautiful forms, and fields bloom, and orchards excel in gifting us the fruits of the season that refresh the senses and delight the souls: red watermelon, grapes dangling from vine trellises, ripe figs, delicious mangoes and dates, and other bounties of the earth that appear only to quench thirst in the scorching heat and offer a pleasure that cannot be competed with. These are the agricultural products of summer, without which the rituals of this season are incomplete. However, this renewed blessing coincides with a major travel wave, as families pack their bags and head to cooler destinations, fleeing the scorching sun and high temperatures.
• تحفيـز اإلبـداع الطـالبي في معسكـر ثقافـي (Stimulating Student Creativity in a Cultural Camp) The Ministry of Culture announced the launch of the training camp for the cultural skills competition in its third edition during the period from June 29 to July 11. The camp will see the participation of 162 male and female students from all over the Kingdom, who will be offered daily in-person training programs presented by specialized trainers in culture and arts, to hone their cultural skills and discover promising talents, as a final stage before the judging process. This is within the framework of developing their cultural capabilities and enhancing their potential in a number of cultural and artistic fields. The third edition of the cultural skills competition started at the beginning of the current year, covering nine main tracks in which general education students compete, namely: theater, digital art, filmmaking, photography, handicrafts, short stories, manga, singing, and playing musical instruments.
• توثيق الدروب القديمة بين السراة وتهامة بمنطقة الباحة (Documenting Ancient Paths Between Sarawat and Tihama in Al-Baha Region) Al-Baha region, located in the southwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a natural meeting point between mountains and coasts, situated between the Sarawat mountains and the Tihama plains. This unique geographical location has given it distinctive features, making it suitable for human settlement since prehistoric times, through the Islamic era, and up to the modern era. Al-Baha is considered a strategic passage point for trade and Hajj caravans due to its location and topography, which led to the formation of a network of ancient paths connecting Al-Sarawat and Tihama through mountain slopes.
• “الدارة” تنظم إتاحة الوثائق التاريخية للباحثين ّ (Al-Darah Organizes Access to Historical Documents for Researchers) King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (Darah) published an awareness definition of the concept of accessibility and its importance in enabling researchers to access historical documents, thus contributing to the preservation of national memory and the achievement of public benefit, as part of its “Darah Documents” initiative. Darah explained that accessibility means facilitating beneficiaries’ access to historical documents through an electronic gateway, ensuring secure and organized access to documented content according to regulatory policies that respect privacy.
• تعميق الشراكة الثقافية بين المملكة والصين (Deepening Cultural Partnership Between the Kingdom and China) The Ministry of Culture signed an executive program with the Chinese-Arab Center for Cultural Studies and Tourism in the People’s Republic of China, to frame and enhance cultural cooperation between the two sides, coinciding with the Saudi-Chinese Cultural Year 2025. The signing ceremony took place at the Ministry of Culture headquarters in Diriyah, where the Ministry was represented by the Undersecretary for Research and Cultural Heritage, Dr. Maha bint Abdullah Al-Sinan, while the Chinese side was represented by the Vice President of Beijing University for International Studies and member of the Joint Committee for the Chinese-Arab Cultural and Tourism Cooperation Center, Zheng Wei.
• األنيميشن الصيني “ناچا 2” في المملكة (Chinese Animation “Ne Zha 2” in the Kingdom) CineWaves Films organized a special screening of the Chinese animation film “Ne Zha 2” by director Yu Yang at Reel Cinemas in Roshan Front, which was attended by a large group of stars, public figures, and journalists. The film officially began its screening in Saudi cinemas with a dubbing in the local Saudi dialect for the first time. The dubbed version was directed by Saudi animator Malik Najr.
• “بابو لو سكراب” فانتازيا في روشن الرياض (“Babo Lo Scrab” Fantasy in Roshan Riyadh) A number of stars from the art scene and journalists celebrated at the special screening of the film “Babo Lo Scrab” at Vox Cinemas in Roshan Front, Riyadh, with the attendance of the film’s stars and crew. The film’s events revolve around the character “Babo,” a young man from one of the Asian countries who was influenced by the character of “Pablo Escobar” since childhood. He seeks revenge on behalf of his father, who was a partner of a person in the car business, after his partner betrayed his father, causing him to die of grief. Amidst these revenge events, a one-sided love story unfolds with one of the girls.
• ليلى علوي تصور فيلم “ابن مين فيهم” (Laila Elwi Filming “Ibn Min Fihim”) The filming of the movie “Ibn Min Fihim” (Whose Son Is He?) has begun, bringing together star Laila Elwi and Fouad Bayoumi in their first cinematic collaboration, directed by Hisham Fathi. The film’s events revolve around Fouad Bayoumi’s character “Rasdi,” a well-known businessman who has multiple marriages and lives his life without real commitments, until he clashes with the strict lawyer “Majida,” Laila Elwi, who suddenly enters his life and puts him in a series of complex and comical situations as they search for his son.
• فنون عالمية تزّين جدة التاريخية (Global Arts Adorn Historic Jeddah) Jeddah Historic District was adorned with global artistic sculptures in the Forty Sea, adding a beautiful and creative dimension to the place. This meeting of contemporary art with the district’s ancient heritage contributed to enhancing the city’s presence on the global cultural map, as part of a vision that seeks to rediscover the visual identity of the region through arts. Jeddah Historic District hosts 14 globally recognized artistic sculptures that were incorporated into the visual scene as part of the Ministry of Culture’s efforts, in cooperation with Jeddah Municipality, to revive the area and highlight its identity.
• خالد عبدالرحمن يعود في »جرش 39« (Khalid Abdulrahman Returns in “Jerash 39”) The Jerash Festival for Culture and Arts management revealed the activities of its 39th session from July 23 to August 2, under the patronage of King Abdullah II, and under the slogan “Here is Jordan.. and its glory continues”. The festival features more than 235 artistic and cultural events, including concerts for major Jordanian and Arab stars, a theatrical program, and poetry evenings with the participation of 140 poets.
• أقف إعجابًا باألسطورة رونالدو! (I Stand in Awe of the Legend Ronaldo!) I will not hide the fact that I once did not like the name Cristiano Ronaldo, being a fan of Barcelona, and there was no one as annoying as Cristiano when he was in full form and knew no way to shine except when his opponent on the field was Barca and his rival Messi participated in the match. Here his footballing power doubled and he gave his all. It is true that Ronaldo is no longer in the same footballing and technical form as he was years ago, but this great star has proved that what he built over years of stardom, with his fans, lovers, and admirers, he is now reaping its fruits through the soft power he possesses.

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Quality of Life Program

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رؤية السعودية 2030

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Public Investment Fund Program

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وزارة المالية

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Financial Sector Development Program

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Oliver Wyman

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وكالة الأنباء السعودية

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Promote & enable financial planning. Encourage volunteering. Enable social contribution of businesses. Enhance businesses’ focus on their social …

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Saudi Vision 2030 – Transforming the Economy and Society – GO-Globe

Websites specifically for green initiatives and sustainable businesses are raising awareness among the public. Promote Digital Economy. Saudi Arabia aims to …

رؤية السعودية 2030

www.vision2030.gov.sa

Fiscal Sustainability Program

THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAM IS MAKING CHANGES TO POLICIES THAT HELP IMPROVE SAUDI ARABIA’S FINANCES AND CREATE A STRONG FINANCIAL SYSTEM, BOOSTING THE …

رؤية السعودية 2030

www.vision2030.gov.sa

Vision Realization Programs

The Vision Realization Programs (VRPs) are the driving force behind Vision 2030, working to bring the Vision to life. Each VRP has a specific roadmap with …

الموارد البشرية والتنمية الاجتماعية

www.hrsd.gov.sa

Quality of Life Program | Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development

These options will bolster the participation of citizens and residents in cultural, sports, and entertainment activities that nurture the quality of life of …

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Saudi Vision 2030 – Wikipedia

Saudi Vision 2030 is a government program launched by Saudi Arabia which aims to achieve the goal of increased diversification economically, socially, and …

رؤية السعودية 2030

www.vision2030.gov.sa

Saudi Vision 2030 – Overview

Under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin …

The Economic Times

m.economictimes.com

How the oil price plunge complicates Saudi Arabia’s economic agenda

The Public Investment Fund (PIF) might seek additional financing as Aramco’s dividends are expected to fall. How the oil price plunge complicates Saudi …

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The provided sources offer a multifaceted overview of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiatives, highlighting significant progress in women’s empowerment and economic diversification, particularly within the labor market and investment in advanced technologies like AI. Concurrently, the texts address ongoing geopolitical tensions, detailing the Israeli military’s actions in Gaza and the West Bank, alongside its regional confrontations, and the implementation of U.S. sanctions against Sudan. Additionally, the sources touch upon cultural and sporting events within Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the nation’s efforts to promote tourism, preserve heritage, and host international gatherings, even as they report on drug trafficking arrests and an Indian campaign to deport Muslims.

Podcast

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Rebuilding the Kingdom’s Future

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is a comprehensive project aimed at rebuilding the present and future of the Kingdom, going beyond mere reform or development steps. It seeks to redefine the nation’s identity and ambitions, transforming it from a mere geography into a meaningful entity. The vision emphasizes building a new sense of belonging among citizens and attracting global interest, making people feel part of something larger with a clear project, future, and leadership.

Here are the details about Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiatives across various sectors:

I. Economic Transformation and Diversification

• Expo 2030: The Kingdom is preparing to host Expo 2030, which is described as a strategic leap in the path of development.
• Economic Value: Expo 2030 is projected to generate over 241 billion Saudi Riyals during its development phase and an additional 21 billion Saudi Riyals annually during its operational period, based on Public Investment Fund estimates.
• Job Creation: The project is expected to create over 171,000 direct and indirect job opportunities, empowering national competencies and stimulating private sector participation.
• Location and Scale: The Expo site, located north of Riyadh near King Salman Airport, covers an area of 6 million square meters. It is designed to host over 40 million physical visits and more than a billion virtual visits.
• Sustainable Village: The Expo site will transform into a sustainable global village after the event, powered entirely by solar energy with zero carbon emissions. It will include smart transport networks and over 70,000 new hotel rooms. This village will become residential, commercial, and cultural areas built to the highest environmental and economic standards.
• Company Formation: In June 2025, the Public Investment Fund announced the establishment of the “Expo 2030 Riyadh” company to develop and manage the project until October 2030.
• Economic Growth:
• The Kingdom’s non-oil sector achieved a real GDP growth rate of 4.2% in 2024, driven by private consumption and non-oil investments.
• Preliminary estimates for the first quarter of 2025 show the non-oil sector growing by 4.9% annually, indicating the Kingdom’s success in building an economy resilient to geopolitical and global trade shocks.
• Fiscal Stability: The Kingdom maintains a significant fiscal space, with public debt levels remaining below 26.2% of GDP, among the lowest globally. This robust financial position supports social and economic policies without leading to deficits or financial pressures.
• New Investment Law: A new investment law, effective February 2025, is expected to enhance liquidity and attract foreign investments into Saudi capital markets. The Kingdom is deliberately opening its markets to international investors, reinforcing confidence in its economic structure and regulatory efficiency.

II. Labor Market and Women Empowerment

• Unemployment Reduction:
• The unemployment rate among Saudis reached a historic low of 6.3% in the first quarter of 2025, surpassing the Vision 2030 target of 7%.
• The overall unemployment rate for the total population in the Kingdom dropped to 2.8% in Q1 2025, a decrease of 0.7 percentage points compared to Q4 2024.
• Women’s Participation:
• The growth rate of employed Saudi women increased by 0.7%, reaching 32.5%.
• The unemployment rate for Saudi women fell by 1.4%, reaching 10.5% in Q1 2025, the lowest historical level. This reflects a profound “cultural and economic” transformation leveraging the energy of all citizens.
• Women’s participation in the labor force has seen unprecedented growth compared to previous decades.
• The female employment rate relative to the population grew to 14.6%, and their labor force participation rate increased to 18.4%.
• Women’s economic participation rate among Saudis (both genders) in the workforce reached 51.3% in Q1 2025.
• This success is attributed to legislative transformations that opened opportunities for women and a strong government commitment to empowering them. Companies are now working to develop flexible and attractive work environments for women.

III. Tourism and Cultural Enrichment

• Tourist Arrivals: The number of international visitors to the Kingdom exceeded 27 million in 2024.
• Tourism Development: Plans to develop tourist destinations like Al-Diriyah and Al-Ula stimulate the tourism sector, creating jobs and contributing to Vision 2030’s goals related to responsible consumption and production by improving resource efficiency.
• Cultural and Sporting Events: Over 4,000 cultural events and more than 70 international sporting events were hosted in 2024. This opens new investment horizons in creative industries, aligning with goals such as reducing inequalities and promoting quality education.
• Jeddah’s Coastal Areas: Jeddah’s beaches are being prepared for the summer 2025 tourist season, aiming to meet the aspirations of residents and visitors and strengthen its position as a major tourist destination in the Kingdom, in line with Vision 2030’s tourism sector development goals and local content enhancement.
• Hail Summer: Hail’s pleasant weather attracts families to public gardens and natural parks, boosting tourism and emphasizing the region’s importance for logistics and tourism services. The city’s municipality organizes summer entertainment festivals, and there are over 400 gardens and green spaces.
• Al-Wajh Waterfront: The Al-Wajh waterfront is a recreational and sporting hub, extending over 17 km along the coast, attracting families and sports enthusiasts. This project is part of development initiatives to enhance quality of life and provide attractive environments, aligning with Vision 2030 goals.
• Culture as a Language of the State: Culture is no longer merely a luxury or outward manifestation but has become one of the languages of the state. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has prioritized culture, recognizing it as a central component of a holistic national project. This includes supporting Saudi artists, preserving architectural heritage, and promoting Saudi orchestras on international stages.
• Literary Sector Development: The Literature, Publishing, and Translation Authority plays a vital role in strengthening national cultural identity and promoting Saudi literature globally, supporting the comprehensive cultural vision of Vision 2030. The authority launched a “Translation Platform” to support the translation of Saudi literary works into multiple languages and introduce global literature to Arabic readers. They also signed agreements to translate over 100 Chinese and Arabic titles in 2025.

IV. Technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Digital Transformation: The percentage of digitized government services reached 97% in 2024, surpassing the G20 average of 85%. This reflects significant progress towards comprehensive digital transformation, ensuring equitable access to services, efficiency, and justice.
• AI Development: The Kingdom is investing heavily in building advanced AI infrastructure and systems to become a pivotal player in AI technologies, shifting from a consumer role to a producer and exporter.
• Investment Goal: The aim is for the AI sector to contribute $130 billion to the GDP by 2030, representing about 12% of the total GDP.
• “Humane” Company: In May 2025, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman launched “Humane,” a company owned by the Public Investment Fund, to develop AI solutions and invest in the sector.
• Major Partnerships: Investments totaling over $100 billion have been announced for building data centers, including partnerships with leading companies like NVIDIA, IBM, Amazon DE, and AE Services.
• AI Training: The goal is to train 100,000 citizens in AI and cloud computing technologies.
• Industrial AI: AI algorithms are being used to enhance manufacturing processes, reduce waste in materials, energy, and time, and optimize resource consumption. For example, AI can optimize car painting to use minimal material while achieving a uniform exterior finish, reducing chemical waste and environmental impact.

V. Environment and Sustainability

• Saudi Green Initiative: The Kingdom achieved experimental operation of the largest solar energy plant in the Middle East and planted over 65 million trees as part of the “Saudi Green Initiative,” surpassing the global average for tree planting. These efforts demonstrate the Kingdom’s commitment to climate action and life on land, promoting a circular carbon economy.
• Wildlife Protection: The King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve is implementing efforts to restore natural life and preserve biodiversity, which contributes to achieving Vision 2030’s quality of life goals.

VI. Quality of Life and Community Initiatives

• Healthcare Improvements: The report highlights increased health coverage to 96% and women’s participation in the labor market to 35.5%.
• Community Engagement: Initiatives like the “Princess Seeta bint Abdulaziz Award for Excellence in Social Work” and “Sitathon” aim to promote community initiatives and encourage volunteering and excellence among students.
• Riyadh’s “Rabea Al Nairyah” Festival: This festival highlights popular heritage, preserves national identity, and strengthens belonging, attracting over 370,000 visitors.
• “Qassim Green Land” Initiative: This initiative aims to enhance green cover and combat desertification, aligning with the Saudi Green Initiative and Vision 2030. It has seen over 7.5 million trees planted.
• “Reef Saudi Arabia” Program: This program supports the agricultural sector and rural areas, providing direct support, training, and qualification, benefiting over 87,000 individuals. It aims to improve the quality of life in rural areas and increase the agricultural sector’s contribution to GDP.
• Mawhiba Enrichment Program: King Abdulaziz University’s “Mawhiba” enrichment program, in cooperation with King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity, involves over 521 gifted students to foster a culture of research and innovation, contributing to the nation’s human potential.
• Islamic Affairs and Energy Efficiency: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah, and Guidance achieved 100% in energy efficiency performance and significant savings in energy consumption for two consecutive years, reflecting its commitment to Vision 2030’s resource optimization and sustainability goals.
• Food Safety Forum: This forum emphasizes food safety as a shared national responsibility, promoting collaboration between public and private sectors to ensure food quality and public health. This initiative aligns with Vision 2030’s goals for public health and quality of life.

Underlying Principles and Visionary Leadership

• Holistic Transformation: The transformations witnessed in the Kingdom are not merely reforms but a comprehensive project of reshaping reality and the future. The change is measured not just by infrastructure or investment volume but by the ability to attract attention and win hearts, building a new sense of belonging among those who view it from outside.
• Role of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is highlighted as the most influential figure in this great transformation. His vision inspires and transforms reality into tangible achievements. He has adopted a policy of genuine construction that allows individuals to feel part of something bigger. His leadership is central to achieving sustainable development and investment, empowering people, and making Vision 2030 a reality.
• Shift from Consumer to Producer: The Kingdom’s plans aim to transform its role from a consumer of advanced technologies to a producer and exporter.
• Global Positioning: The Vision aims for the Kingdom to be not just a part of the world, but at its forefront. It seeks to solidify its position as an economic and social force contributing effectively to the global sustainability agenda.
• Resilience and Adaptability: The Vision demonstrates the Kingdom’s ability to balance ambition and realism, innovation and preservation, and national leadership with global openness.

The success of Vision 2030’s initiatives, such as the unprecedented drop in unemployment rates and increased female participation, underscores the effectiveness of government policies, the stimulation of the private sector, and the empowerment of national competencies. The transformation is a result of a comprehensive vision, integrating economic, social, and environmental policies.

Saudi Arabia’s Dual Transformation: Women and Economic Diversification

The sources provide extensive details on both women’s empowerment and economic diversification in Saudi Arabia, often highlighting their interconnectedness as key components of Vision 2030.

Women’s Empowerment

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 has prioritized women’s empowerment as a fundamental element in both economic and social development, leading to significant transformations in the labor market.

Key achievements and aspects of women’s empowerment include:

• Historic Low Unemployment for Saudi Women: The unemployment rate for Saudi women decreased by 1.4 percentage points to 10.5% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to 11.9% in the fourth quarter of 2024, reaching its lowest historical level. This also represents a 3.7 percentage point year-on-year decrease compared to Q1 2024.
• Increased Participation in the Workforce: The growth rate of employed Saudi women relative to the population reached 32.5%. The overall participation rate in the labor force for Saudi citizens (males and females) increased by 0.2 percentage points to 51.3% in Q1 2025 compared to Q4 2024.
• Cultural and Economic Transformation: The rise in female employment is viewed not just as an increase in numbers but as a deep “cultural and economic” transformation reflecting a genuine desire to leverage the energies of all national citizens.
• Legislative Support: Legislative changes have played a crucial role in opening up wide opportunities for women in the labor market.
• Contribution Across Sectors: Saudi women are now actively contributing to various sectors, including banking, health, technology, engineering, and entrepreneurship.
• Leadership and Flexible Work Environments: There is an emphasis on supporting women in leadership roles and the development of flexible and attractive work environments by many companies. Empowering women is seen as an investment in the nation’s future.
• Entrepreneurship Growth: The entrepreneurship environment has become more accommodating for women, with an economic participation rate (likely referring to the overall labor force participation rate which increased) rising, opening avenues for establishing small and medium enterprises.
• Alignment with Global Goals: The progress in women’s participation aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 4 (Quality Education), and SDG 5 (Gender Equality).
• Skills Development: There is a recognized need to enhance technical and vocational skills for women to expand their employment options, particularly in specialized sectors like technology, engineering, and energy.
• Impact on Family Stability: Increased women’s work is linked to greater family stability and social empowerment, becoming a fundamental part of the national movement towards sustainable development.

Economic Diversification

The Kingdom’s transformations are described as a comprehensive project to reshape the present and future, extending beyond mere infrastructure and investment to build a new sense of belonging based on vision, values, and ambition. This project is actively transforming Vision 2030 into a tangible reality.

Key aspects and initiatives contributing to economic diversification include:

• Non-Oil GDP Growth: The real non-oil Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 4.2% in 2024, driven by private consumption and non-oil investments. This growth continued into Q1 2025, with non-oil activities recording a 4.9% increase year-on-year, showcasing the economy’s resilience to global shocks.
• Shift from Oil Dependence: This sustained growth in the non-oil sector indicates a gradual shift from reliance on oil to a diversified economic model.
• Private Sector Contribution: Privatization programs and partnerships with the private sector have significantly increased its contribution to GDP, reaching nearly 43%, surpassing other oil-exporting nations. This fosters competitiveness and reduces reliance on government spending.
• Tourism Sector Development:
• Jeddah is actively preparing its tourism and entertainment facilities for the summer season, aiming to enhance its position as a major destination on the Kingdom’s tourism map.
• Hail region’s mild climate and attractions (e.g., 400 parks and 3.8 million square meters of green spaces) are attracting tourists, boosting local tourism activity.
• Al-Wajh waterfront serves as a vital recreational and sports outlet, enhancing quality of life.
• Tourist arrivals exceeded 27 million in 2024, contributing to job creation and promoting entrepreneurship.
• Global Events and Investments:
• Riyadh is transforming into a global capital, exemplified by its hosting of Expo 2030. This event is projected to generate over 241 billion riyals in economic value during its development phase and 21 billion riyals annually during operation, creating over 171,000 direct and indirect job opportunities.
• The Public Investment Fund’s establishment of the “Riyadh Expo 2030 Company” highlights confidence in national leadership to manage global-scale projects.
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Enhancement: Saudi Arabia advanced to the 13th rank globally in the IPR Enforcement Index in 2025, up from 27th in 2024, demonstrating integrated efforts to boost enforcement and efficiency.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Growth: Net FDI inflows increased by 44% in Q1 2025, reaching 22.2 billion riyals, with inflows into the Kingdom increasing by 24%. The new investment system, effective February 2025, is expected to further enhance liquidity and attract foreign capital.
• Advanced Technologies and AI:
• The Kingdom is building an advanced AI system, aiming to become a key player in AI technologies, shifting from a consumer to a producer and exporter.
• AI is targeted to contribute up to $130 billion (12%) to the non-oil GDP by 2030.
• This includes the launch of “Humane” by the Public Investment Fund, with over $100 billion in investments for advanced infrastructure and data centers, and partnerships with global tech giants.
• The plan involves training 100,000 citizens in AI, cloud computing, and advanced technologies.
• AI is being integrated into government sectors like health and education.
• The application of AI in manufacturing is already reducing waste and optimizing resource consumption, improving efficiency in local production.
• National Industrial Strategy: Launched in October 2022, this strategy aims to double non-oil industrial exports to 557 billion Saudi riyals by 2030. Cumulative investments in industrial projects are targeted to reach 1.3 trillion riyals by 2030.
• Sustainable Practices: The Kingdom has invested in renewable energy projects and environmental initiatives like the “Green Saudi” initiative, with over 65 million trees planted, surpassing the global average.

Both women’s empowerment and economic diversification are presented as core pillars of Vision 2030, with the increased participation and leadership of women in the workforce directly contributing to the nation’s economic transformation and the success of its diversification goals. The country’s strategic financial stability, with public debt levels at 26.2% of GDP (among the lowest globally), further supports these ambitious plans.

Saudi Arabia’s AI & Tech Transformation: Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia is making significant strides in investment in advanced technologies, particularly in Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a core component of its Vision 2030 for economic diversification. The Kingdom aims to transform its role from a consumer of AI technologies to a producer and exporter.

Key details about investment in advanced technologies include:

• Strategic Ambition in AI: Saudi Arabia is actively building an advanced AI system with the goal of becoming a key player in AI technologies. The ambitious objective is for AI to contribute up to $130 billion (12%) to the non-oil Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2030. This indicates a strategic shift towards a knowledge-based economy and reducing reliance on oil.
• Major Investment Initiatives:
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF) announced the launch of “Humane” (هيوماين) in mid-May 2025, a company dedicated to developing and managing AI technology solutions and investing in the sector.
• This new company (Humane) has already committed over $100 billion in investments for building advanced infrastructure and data centers.
• Significant partnerships have been forged with leading global technology companies, including NVIDIA, IBM, and Amazon. These partnerships are expected to solidify Saudi Arabia’s position as a regional and global hub for AI technologies and data centers.
• Human Capital Development: A crucial aspect of this investment is the focus on human capabilities. The Kingdom plans to train 100,000 citizens in AI, cloud computing, and advanced technologies. This highlights the understanding that technological advancement requires a skilled local workforce.
• Integration Across Sectors: AI technology is being integrated into various government sectors, including health and education. This indicates a comprehensive approach to leveraging AI for public service improvement.
• Efficiency and Sustainability: The application of AI in manufacturing is already yielding tangible benefits by reducing waste and optimizing resource consumption (such as metals, water, plastics, and fuel), thereby improving efficiency in local production. This aligns with the National Industrial Strategy launched in October 2022, which aims to double non-oil industrial exports to 557 billion Saudi riyals by 2030 and achieve 1.3 trillion riyals in cumulative investments in industrial projects by 2030.
• Digital Transformation and Infrastructure:
• The digital transformation efforts have led to the digitization of 97% of government services, significantly higher than the G20 average of 85% in 2023.
• There has been an expansion of 5G coverage to 100% in urban areas.
• The Kingdom aims to build data centers with a total capacity reaching 1.9 gigawatts by 2030.
• Riyadh is projected to become a leading market for data center growth in the Middle East over the next three years, with an anticipated Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 37% until 2027 in megawatt terms, surpassing the UAE’s 15% and global expectations.
• Saudi Aramco is also working on building a digital infrastructure and network to enable industries and leverage the use of wireless technologies in the private sector.
• Attracting Foreign Investment: The new investment system, effective February 2025, is expected to further enhance liquidity and attract foreign capital to the Saudi capital market. Net Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows increased by 44% in Q1 2025, reaching 22.2 billion riyals.
• Competitiveness and Innovation Hub: The Kingdom’s advancements in AI and digital infrastructure, including the hosting of events like the LEAP 2025 technology conference (which saw nearly $15 billion in investments in AI and technology), reflect its growing status as a hub for innovation and modern technologies. There is a strong emphasis on fostering a continuous cycle of research, development, and innovation to ensure national priorities and aspirations are met in these fields.

In essence, Saudi Arabia’s investment in advanced technologies, particularly AI, is not merely about adopting new tools but about fundamentally reshaping its economy, developing its human capital, and establishing itself as a global leader in the digital and AI landscape.

Global Geopolitical Shifts and Regional Conflicts

The sources provide details on several ongoing geopolitical tensions, primarily focusing on conflicts in the Middle East, the war in Ukraine, and the civil war in Sudan, along with broader discussions on global power shifts.

Here are the details:

• Middle East Conflicts (Israel-Iran and Gaza):
• The sources indicate that geopolitical disturbances in the Middle East, particularly the events of October 7, 2023 (Hamas’s attack on Israel), and the escalation between Israel and Iran, have had a surprisingly weak impact on global energy markets compared to past major crises. This suggests a transformation in the market’s sensitivity and geopolitical balance for major energy producers and consumers.
• Israel-Iran Confrontation:
• After Israel’s strike on Iran, oil prices saw only a slight increase of 7% in the first week, then decreased in the second week. This muted response occurred despite Iran being the fourth largest oil reserve holder and second-largest producer in the world, and holding the second-largest natural gas reserves globally.
• The conflict’s limited impact on oil markets, even after the US attacked Iranian nuclear sites and Iran retaliated, highlights the global energy market’s increased resilience and stability, partly due to diversification of supplies and strategic reserves.
• The ongoing confrontation between Israel and Iran has established new standards for engagement between regional powers, emphasizing avoiding open escalation and the use of unconventional weapons, and focusing instead on limited, swift conflicts and proxy wars. This new model limits the risk of full-scale explosion but leaves the region in a state of strategic uncertainty.
• Gaza Conflict:
• The Israeli aggression in Gaza is described as continuing unabated amidst the absence of serious international action to stop the genocide targeting nearly two million people in the besieged Gaza Strip.
• As of June 30, 2025, the conflict has continued for 104 days since the resumption of military operations.
• The Israeli army has initiated extensive demolition operations in residential buildings and vast areas in eastern Khan Yunis, exacerbating the humanitarian catastrophe amid widespread destruction.
• Medical sources reported the death of 81 Palestinians due to air and artillery shelling in the last 24 hours, including 20 martyrs in two raids on Al-Tuffah neighborhood east of Gaza City.
• The total number of martyrs since October 7, 2023, has reached 56,412, with over 133,000 injured.
• The humanitarian crisis, especially in health and food, is worsening, with the government media office in Gaza reporting the death of 66 children due to malnutrition.
• Israel issued a new evacuation warning for northern Gaza, urging residents of Gaza City and Jabalia to move south due to an impending “very strong military move”.
• There are increasing pressures on the Israeli government from families of prisoners held in Gaza to push for a prisoner exchange deal.
• The Palestinian Presidency warns of the dangers of Israel’s actions, which entail a new military operation leading to displacement of Palestinians in Gaza, describing it as a prelude to a devastating operation.
• The Palestinian Foreign Ministry calls on the international community to force Israel to cease these threats and achieve a ceasefire and stability in the region.
• Settler violence is also a significant issue, with 6 Palestinian families forced to leave their homes in Samra village due to increased attacks by settlers. Settler attacks have been escalating in the West Bank, increasing by 30% in Q1 2025 compared to the same period last year. These attacks include land confiscation, house demolitions, and violence against Palestinians.
• The overall situation is described as a “systematic liquidation” project by the Israeli government, aiming to undermine the Palestinian Authority and the two-state solution, leading to fragmentation and continued instability.
• Sudan Civil War and Sanctions:
• US sanctions against the Sudanese government came into effect following Washington’s confirmation that the Sudanese army used chemical weapons last year in the deadly civil war.
• These sanctions, published in the Federal Register, include restrictions on US exports, arms sales, and financing to the Khartoum government, and will remain in effect for at least one year.
• The US also stated that aid to Sudan would be stopped, “with the exception of urgent humanitarian aid” and partial exemptions for certain essential goods.
• The US urges the Sudanese government to cease using chemical weapons and fulfill its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention.
• The Sudanese army reportedly used chlorine gas at least twice in remote areas during its war with the Rapid Support Forces. Khartoum has denied using chemical weapons.
• The practical impact of these sanctions is expected to be limited, as both the commander of the Sudanese army, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and his former deputy and rival, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, are already subject to US sanctions.
• Sudanese officials have emphasized their commitment to achieving peace, security, and stability and addressing challenges to protect the economy and national gains.
• Russia-Ukraine War:
• Ukrainian authorities reported on June 29, 2025, that a fighter pilot was killed during a Russian attack involving hundreds of missiles and drones, including ballistic and cruise missiles.
• Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called on the West for more support to strengthen the country’s air defenses.
• The attack caused damage to homes and infrastructure and injured at least seven people.
• Ukraine stated it lost three F-16 fighter jets since the war began and that Russia launched 114 missiles and over 1270 drones during the week, along with nearly 1100 glide bombs.
• The Russian Ministry of Defense announced its forces took control of Chervona Zirka village in Donetsk.
• Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov stated that the West is realizing it cannot inflict a strategic defeat on Russia, and that the long-standing confrontation with the West continues.
• Global Power Shifts:
• There is a significant and ongoing shift of the global economic center of gravity from the North to the South. This has created challenges for global companies, including major European and American firms.
• Products from new industrial countries in Southeast Asia and Latin America are cheaper and of comparable quality to those from older industrial nations. This drives major companies to relocate production centers to the South, contributing to current trade wars as older industrial nations resist losing their positions.
• This shift is expected to change the ranking of major global companies and even entire nations in the coming 25 years.
• The US and European nations have significantly reduced their reliance on Middle Eastern oil since 2001, diversifying their energy sources. This has made global oil markets more resilient to Middle Eastern geopolitical tensions.
• The sources suggest that the Middle East is undergoing strategic transformations and a re-shaping of regional alliances, pushing new geopolitical realities.

Gaza and West Bank: Conflict, Casualties, and Geopolitical Shifts

Based on the sources, here are the details about the Israeli military’s actions in Gaza and the West Bank:

In the Gaza Strip:

• Ongoing Aggression and Humanitarian Catastrophe: The Israeli aggression in Gaza is described as continuing unabated amidst the absence of serious international action to stop the “genocide” targeting nearly two million people in the besieged Gaza Strip. As of June 30, 2025, the conflict has continued for 104 days since the resumption of military operations.
• Military Operations and Destruction:
• The Israeli army has initiated extensive demolition operations in residential buildings and vast areas in eastern Khan Yunis, leading to widespread destruction and exacerbating the humanitarian catastrophe.
• The Israeli occupation army states its forces are operating “with very strong force” in these areas to “destroy the capabilities of terrorist organizations”.
• Casualties:
• Medical sources in Gaza hospitals reported the death of 81 Palestinians in the last 24 hours due to air and artillery shelling across various areas, including 20 martyrs in two raids on Al-Tuffah neighborhood east of Gaza City.
• The total number of martyrs since October 7, 2023, has reached 56,412, with over 133,000 injured.
• Additionally, 14 citizens were reported killed since dawn yesterday, including a civilian who was waiting for humanitarian aid.
• Worsening Humanitarian Crisis: The health and food crisis is intensifying. The government media office in Gaza reported the death of 66 children due to malnutrition. The Ministry of Health confirmed that thousands of children in the Strip are at risk of death by starvation due to the prevention of food and medical aid entry and the continued blockade of affected areas.
• Evacuation Warnings: The Israeli army issued a new evacuation warning yesterday for northern Gaza, urging residents of Gaza City and Jabalia to move immediately to the Al-Mawasi area in the southern Strip, citing an impending “very strong military move”.
• Systematic Liquidation Project: The head of the Palestinian National Council, Ruhi Fattouh, described Israel’s actions as a “systematic liquidation” project by the Israeli government, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, aiming to undermine the Palestinian Authority and the very idea of a Palestinian state. He stated that Netanyahu’s aggressive vision is supported by extremist ministers and settlers. This involves collective punishments, incitement of settlers, incursions into Palestinian villages, and the complete destruction of cities and infrastructure in Gaza as part of an “ethnic cleansing” plan.
• Prisoner Affairs: The Palestinian Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners Affairs Commission announced the resumption of visits to prisoners in Israeli occupation prisons, though new coordination is required. Families of prisoners are now allowed to attend extension and pleading sessions in Ofer Military Court, but administrative detainees’ families are still barred from attending court sessions at all levels.

In the West Bank:

• Settler Violence and Displacement:
• Six Palestinian families were forced to leave their homes in Samra village in the northern Jordan Valley due to increased attacks by settlers. These families dismantled their homes and tents.
• Settlers, protected by occupation forces, seized more land from citizens in Umm al-Khair village in the southern Hebron region. Residents attempting to confront them were met with tear gas and sound bombs, and some were detained.
• The Israeli occupation army itself acknowledged a 30% increase in settler “terrorist” attacks in the occupied West Bank in the first quarter of 2025 compared to the same period last year. However, recorded incidents by the Wall and Settlement Resistance Authority show a much higher number, with 1,691 attacks by settlers and the occupation documented in May alone.
• Nature of Attacks and Casualties: Settler attacks include arson, racist graffiti, stone-throwing, physical assaults, and deliberate killings. Three Palestinians were killed and seven injured in a settler attack in Kafr Malik village last Wednesday. Since October 7, 2023, 26 Palestinians have been martyred by settlers. These acts are often conducted “under the protection” of the Israeli military. An Israeli army officer reportedly warned that settler actions could ignite a “long-term wave of violence in the West Bank”.

Broader Israeli Military Posture and Regional Impact:

• Strikes on Iranian Nuclear Facilities: The Israeli army reportedly attacked military and nuclear sites in Iran to prevent the Islamic Republic from developing a nuclear weapon. The US joined Israel in targeting three key facilities of Iran’s nuclear program. The Iranian Foreign Minister confirmed “significant” damage to these facilities. The Director-General of the IAEA estimates Iran could resume uranium enrichment within “months” despite the strikes. Germany’s Interior Minister openly supported the Israeli attacks, citing Iran’s destabilizing actions and nuclear program as a threat to Israel and Europe, justifying its destruction.
• New Regional Engagement Standards: The recent confrontation between Israel and Iran has set new standards for engagement between regional powers, characterized by avoiding open escalation and the use of unconventional weapons, focusing instead on limited, swift conflicts and proxy wars. This new model reduces the risk of full-scale war but creates strategic uncertainty.
• Impact on Israel’s Image: The conflict has contributed to the “evaporation of the Israeli myth” and exposed the true reality of Israeli capabilities. The increasing reliance on advanced, destructive, yet cheap weapons like drones raises questions about Israel’s ability to counter such attacks, which expose its cities to significant risks.
• Calls for Balance: Regional countries, particularly the Gulf states, demonstrated their ability to build balances during dangerous junctures, suggesting a shift away from supporting Israeli exceptionalism. The Palestinian Foreign Ministry, for instance, called on the international community to force Israel to respect international law and resolutions and impose deterrent sanctions on the settler-colonial system.

Sudan Sanctions: Chemical Weapons, Restrictions, and Limited Impact

The United States has implemented sanctions against the Sudanese government, which came into effect recently. These sanctions were imposed after Washington confirmed the Sudanese army’s use of chemical weapons last year during the ongoing civil war in Sudan.

Here are the details regarding the implementation of these U.S. sanctions:

• Reason for Imposition: The sanctions were triggered by Washington’s confirmation that the Sudanese army utilized chemical weapons in the bloody civil war that has been engulfing the country. The “New York Times” reported in January that the Sudanese army used chemical weapons, possibly chlorine gas, at least twice in remote areas during its conflict with the Rapid Support Forces. Khartoum, however, has denied using chemical weapons.
• Scope and Duration:
• The American government announced in a notice published in the Federal Register on a Friday that these sanctions include restrictions on U.S. exports, arms sales, and financing for the Khartoum government.
• These measures are set to remain in effect for at least one year.
• Humanitarian aid, foodstuffs, and other agricultural goods and products are exempted from these restrictions. The U.S. State Department noted that some exemptions were granted as “necessary for U.S. national security interests”.
• U.S. Demands: The U.S. State Department, when announcing the sanctions, called upon the Sudanese government to “stop using all chemical weapons, and to fulfill its obligations” under the Chemical Weapons Convention, an international treaty prohibiting their use, which nearly all countries have signed.
• Practical Impact: In practical terms, the impact of these new sanctions is expected to be limited. This is because both the commander of the Sudanese army, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and his rival and former deputy, the commander of the Rapid Support Forces, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, are already subject to existing American sanctions.
• Context of Sudanese Leadership: Following the imposition of these sanctions, First Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan was sworn in as Minister of Defense in the Transitional Sovereignty Council of Sudan, and Lieutenant General Babaker Samra Mustafa as Minister of Interior. The Minister of Defense affirmed his commitment to achieving security and stability in Sudan, stating that the armed forces would work to address vulnerabilities, protect the Sudanese economy, and safeguard national achievements. The Minister of Interior acknowledged that Sudan is currently facing security challenges but asserted the state’s capability to overcome them, praising the armed forces and their supporting units for their victories.

Saudi Arabia: Culture and Sport Reshaping a Nation

The sources provide details on a wide range of cultural and sporting events and initiatives within Saudi Arabia and its international engagements.

Cultural Events

1. Saudi Vision 2030 and Cultural Transformation:

• The Kingdom’s transformation is described as a comprehensive reshaping of its reality and future, extending beyond mere reform or development. This change is not solely measured by infrastructure or investment but by values, vision, and ambition, aiming to attract global attention and foster a new sense of belonging among its citizens and those who choose to affiliate with it.
• Cristiano Ronaldo’s statement, “I am Portuguese, but I belong to Saudi Arabia,” encapsulates the profound meaning of this transformation, where belonging is rooted in belief in a national project, not just birth.
• Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is highlighted as the most influential figure driving this significant change, inspiring and transforming the vision into tangible reality.
• Saudi Arabia is actively rebranding itself through thoughtful social openness, sports, tourism, and culture, aiming to produce its own unique model for the world rather than adopting an imported one, reflecting its renewed national identity.

1. Riyadh Expo 2030:

• Riyadh is preparing to host Expo 2030, an event described as a qualitative leap and a strategic platform in the development pathway, positioning the Kingdom to be at the forefront globally.
• The economic value of Expo 2030 is estimated at over 241 billion Saudi Riyals during the development phase and 21 billion Riyals annually during operation. It is projected to create over 171,000 direct and indirect job opportunities, empowering national competencies and stimulating private sector involvement.
• The Expo site, located north of King Salman Airport, spans 6 million square meters and is designed to host over 40 million physical visits and over a billion virtual visits. It will be a zero-carbon, green village, powered entirely by solar energy, featuring a smart transport network and over 70,000 new hotel rooms. After the Expo, the site will transform into a “global sustainable village” and advanced residential, commercial, and cultural areas.
• A significant sum of $353 million has been allocated to support the participation of nearly 100 developing countries, emphasizing that Expo 2030 is an inclusive global forum, redefining development as a collective responsibility.
• “Riyadh Expo 2030 Company” was established in June 2025 by the Public Investment Fund, with Engineer Talal Al-Maimani leading as CEO and President.

1. Saudi Culture and Arts Initiatives:

• Culture in Saudi Arabia has evolved beyond mere appearances and leisure; it has become one of the state’s languages, especially under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. His personal statement, “I adore arts,” reflects a deep commitment to culture as a tool for human development and presenting Saudi Arabia’s image to the world.
• This commitment is evident in the continuous support for various cultural and artistic activities, with works by Saudi artists adorning government offices and a focus on architectural projects that preserve national identity.
• The Saudi orchestra is set to perform on major international stages, signifying the Kingdom’s cultural soft power on a global scale.
• Cities like Riyadh are transforming into vibrant cultural hubs, with initiatives like “Riyadh Art” turning streets into open-air exhibitions, gaining international attention.
• There has been a notable increase in household spending on culture (from 2.9% to 6%) and a target for the cultural sector to contribute 3% to the GDP by 2030, indicating culture’s growing economic significance.
• The Crown Prince’s vision has led to the restoration of over 130 historical sites and traditional markets, integrating them into an urban-cultural philosophy that balances modernity with authenticity.
• The Literature, Publishing, and Translation Authority is actively involved in promoting cultural exchange globally. It launched the “Translation Platform” to translate Saudi literary works into multiple languages and bring global literature into Arabic. Agreements were announced to translate over 100 titles between Chinese and Arabic in 2025.
• The Authority supports projects that document local oral heritage and dialects, aiming to preserve cultural memory and national identity through initiatives like the “Heritage” project.
• “Search for Mustafa Said”, a new Sudanese novel by Emad al-Bulaik (2025), is a multi-layered narrative that intersects identity, philosophy, and politics, re-examining the character of Mustafa Said from “Season of Migration to the North” in the context of Sudan’s transformations.
• The radio program “A Glimpse from the Shadow” from Jeddah Radio and Television Authority won an award at the 25th Arab Radio and Television Festival, highlighting its inspiring story of youth entrepreneurship in the virtual world. This underlines the role of media in supporting innovation.
• The MiSK Arts Institute continues its artistic residency program in Milan, Italy (May 5 to July 4, 2025), in partnership with Casa Degli Artisti. It supports emerging Saudi artists in visual arts, graphic arts, collage, video art, and multi-media, providing a stimulating environment for creative exchange. Two female artists, Latifah Al-Bukhari and Masawi Al-Quwaiz, were selected for the 2025 program.
• The Red Sea Film Foundation announced its 2025 funding recipients for nine film projects from the Arab world and Asia (including Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Malaysia, France, Turkey, and Tunisia) in the post-production stage. This initiative aims to strengthen regional cinematic voices and help them reach international platforms. The foundation has supported over 280 cinematic projects, including “Hopala,” which sold over 190,000 tickets, and “Si: The Biography of the People of Si,” which opened a previous festival edition and was screened at the Berlin Film Festival 2024.
• The annual “Al-Nairiyah Spring Festival 23” in the Eastern Province focuses on preserving and showcasing popular heritage. It attracted over 370,000 visitors from across the Kingdom and Gulf countries in the winter season, serving as a significant annual cultural and heritage event.
• Jazan honored winners of the “Responsible Citizenship” and “Seytathon” awards, promoting community initiatives and encouraging student excellence.
• Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina are noted for their keen interest in buying Saudi traditional attire, which is seen as representing quality, deep history, and comfort, highlighting a cultural connection through clothing.
• Hail region hosts summer entertainment festivals in over 400 parks and green spaces (3.8 million square meters), attracting families and tourists due to its pleasant weather and natural beauty. It also offers traditional products in markets like “Hail Zaman Market”. These efforts aim to improve the urban environment, quality of life, and promote tourism.
• The King Abdulaziz House launched a digital version of the “Historical Atlas of the Prophet’s Biography” on social media platforms (X, Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Facebook) to present content on the Prophet’s life in its geographical and temporal dimensions.
• The Medina Research and Studies Center launched a series of “knowledge episodes” highlighting its publications that document the history and scientific heritage of Medina.

Sporting Events

1. Youth Programs and Competitions:

• The Mowhiba Academic Enrichment Program 2025 was launched by King Abdulaziz University in collaboration with “Mowhiba” Foundation. It aims to foster a culture of research and innovation among gifted students, connecting them with research centers and experts. The program integrates academic knowledge with emotional intelligence and national identity, including visits to high-performance computing centers. This year, 521 male and female students are participating.
• KAUST also launched the “Research and Innovation Enrichment Program 2025” for gifted students, focusing on fostering research culture and linking students with scientific research and experts.
• Six Saudi students achieved global success at the 29th Balkan Olympiad for Juniors in Mathematics 2025 in North Macedonia, winning 6 international medals (2 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze). This brings Saudi Arabia’s total medal count in the competition to 11 gold, 29 silver, and 24 bronze, demonstrating the qualitative development in the Kingdom’s participation.

1. Football and Club Competitions:

• FIFA Club World Cup 2025:
• Saudi club Al-Hilal is participating in the Round of 16 against English giant Manchester City in Orlando, USA. Al-Hilal qualified after a 1-1 draw with Real Madrid and a 2-0 win over Pachuca. This is Al-Hilal’s first appearance in the expanded 32-team tournament.
• Al-Hilal’s coach, Simone Inzaghi, is leading the team after moving from Inter Milan. His strategic prowess helped Al-Hilal secure a strong position in the group stage.
• Al-Hilal will be without its top scorer, Aleksandar Mitrovic, due to a muscle injury. Moroccan goalkeeper Yassine Bounou is expected to play a crucial role.
• Inter Milan (Italian) will face Fluminense (Brazilian) in the Round of 16. Inter Milan topped its group and is considered a favorite.
• Paris Saint-Germain (French) advanced to the quarterfinals by defeating Inter Miami 4-0.
• Chelsea (English) also reached the quarterfinals by beating Benfica 4-1 in a match that was significantly delayed due to a thunderstorm warning, prompting criticism from their coach about the impact on the game.
• Qatar is reportedly interested in hosting the 2029 FIFA Club World Cup, possibly in winter like the 2022 World Cup. This has raised concerns among European clubs regarding season disruption and player safety due to summer heat in the US.
• Al-Hilal’s performance in this tournament is seen as a continuation of Saudi football’s remarkable development, following the national team’s surprising win over Argentina in the 2022 World Cup.
• Women’s Football: The Saudi women’s national team lost 0-3 to the Philippines in the qualifiers for the 2026 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. This is their second official continental participation, aimed at gaining experience. They are set to play Hong Kong and Cambodia next.
• Futsal (Mini Football): The Saudi national futsal team has been drawn into Group D of the 2026 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualifiers, alongside Iraq, Pakistan, and Chinese Taipei. Saudi Arabia will host these matches.
• Concacaf Gold Cup 2025: The Saudi national team lost 0-2 to Mexico in the final of the 2025 Concacaf Gold Cup. This marks coach Hervé Renard’s 17th defeat in 55 matches, making him the coach with the most losses for the Saudi team. This loss extends Saudi Arabia’s trophy drought to 21 years. Renard accepted responsibility, noting the valuable experience gained by the players.
• Neom Sports Club announced the termination of its contract with CEO Alex Litau, who was instrumental in the club’s promotion to the Saudi Roshn League for Professionals.

1. Other Sporting Venues and Initiatives:

• Jeddah’s Beaches and Corniche: Jeddah is preparing its beaches and corniche with diverse recreational and tourism facilities for the summer season, aiming to meet the expectations of residents and visitors and solidify its position as a major tourist destination in line with Vision 2030. Jeddah’s active tourism is supported by varied activities, including shooting, swimming, and horse riding facilities.
• The Al-Wajh Waterfront serves as a vital recreational and sports area, featuring dedicated tracks for sports, attracting families and athletes.
• Jazan hosted the launch of mini football activities, with the presence of the President of the International Mini Football Federation, highlighting community engagement in sports.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 Transformation

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is undertaking extensive efforts to promote tourism, seeing it as a crucial component of its broader national transformation under Vision 2030. This transformation is not merely about reform or development, but a comprehensive reshaping of reality and the future, aiming to foster a new sense of belonging for both citizens and international observers.

Key aspects of these efforts include:

• Strategic Vision and Goals
• The Kingdom’s transformation is designed to make it a global leader, with tourism playing a central role.
• The vision extends beyond traditional measures like infrastructure or investment size, focusing on attracting global attention, winning hearts, and cultivating a new sense of belonging where individuals choose to be part of the Saudi project.
• Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is recognized as the most influential figure driving this transformation, turning vision into tangible reality and inspiring change.
• The aim is to make the tourism sector one of the primary revenue streams for the national economy, attracting both domestic and international tourists by offering unique experiences that reflect Saudi Arabia’s cultural diversity and rich heritage.
• Development of Tourist Destinations and Infrastructure
• Jeddah: The city is actively preparing its coastal and marine facilities, including beaches and entertainment venues, to welcome visitors during the summer season. Jeddah boasts a strategic location on the Red Sea coast and offers family-friendly destinations like Jeddah Corniche, Al-Seif beach, and various resorts in Obhur. It provides integrated facilities such as shaded seating, walkways, green spaces, cafes, restaurants, children’s play areas, and private beaches. Recreational activities are being expanded to include shooting, swimming, and horseback riding, with specialized clubs, academies, and programs for women overseen by certified trainers. Beaches are equipped with safety measures, including qualified lifeguards and rescue chairs. Notable beaches include “Kokean” (24,000 sqm), “Al-Mustaqbal” (17,640 sqm), “Red Sea Zone” (over 730,000 sqm, attracting 55 million visitors annually), “Obhur Al-Bahariya” (205,000 sqm), and “Al-Seif” beach (252,000 sqm).
• Hail: The region’s moderate summer weather attracts families to its public parks, gardens, and natural resorts. Hail Zaman market offers traditional products, reflecting the area’s local appeal. Amanat Hail has developed 400 parks and green spaces covering 3.8 million square meters, some near Mount Aja, and hosts summer recreational festivals for all ages to enhance the urban environment and quality of life for residents and visitors. Hail’s diverse landscapes and climate make it an ideal destination for tourism.
• Al-Wajh Waterfront: This development features a 17-kilometer coastline and a 2-kilometer urban corniche with integrated facilities and safe paths for families and sports enthusiasts. It promotes a healthy lifestyle with areas for walking, cycling, and group exercises, aiming to improve quality of life and create attractive environments.
• Diriyah and AlUla: These are highlighted as examples of the Kingdom’s developed tourist destinations.
• Medina Airport: Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz International Airport in Medina is facilitating travel for Hajj pilgrims, managing over 402 pilgrimage flights and serving 44 international destinations through 50 airlines. Efforts are in place to simplify travel procedures for pilgrims, including dedicated areas for buses, baggage handling, and guidance to departure lounges.
• Economic Impact and Investment
• The tourism sector is expected to significantly contribute to the national economy.
• The non-oil GDP grew by 4.2% in 2024, driven by private consumption and non-oil investments, with non-oil activities continuing to grow at 4.9% in Q1 2025.
• Expo 2030 in Riyadh is projected to generate over 241 billion Saudi Riyals in economic value during its development phase and 21 billion annually during operation, creating over 171,000 direct and indirect job opportunities. The Expo site will be a zero-carbon village powered by solar energy, with smart transport networks and over 70,000 new hotel rooms, transforming into a sustainable global village post-event.
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows increased by 44% in Q1 2025, reaching 22.2 billion Riyals.
• The Kingdom is making massive investments, including 1.5 trillion Saudi Riyals (or 1.3 trillion) in industrial and economic development projects by 2030.
• Human Capital Development and Employment
• The unemployment rate for Saudis decreased to a historical low of 6.3% in Q1 2025, surpassing Vision 2030 targets.
• Female unemployment among Saudi women also reached a historical low of 10.5% in Q1 2025, with their participation in the labor force increasing to 35.5%.
• These achievements are attributed to ambitious reforms and policies under Vision 2030, which prioritized women’s empowerment.
• The Kingdom is dedicated to building and qualifying national competencies, especially in emerging fields like artificial intelligence. There are plans to train 100,000 citizens in AI and cloud computing.
• Soft Power and Global Engagement
• The Kingdom’s image is promoted globally not through force, but through openness, tourism, and culture.
• Saudi Arabia is actively fostering diplomatic relations and strengthening bilateral cooperation with various countries, as seen in the reception of Djibouti’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation to discuss enhancing cooperation in various fields and coordinating positions on regional and international issues.
• The Kingdom is showcasing its experience in building a comprehensive AI system and establishing effective national and international partnerships for sustainable development, as highlighted at the 3rd Global Forum on the Ethics of AI in Bangkok.
• The Kingdom’s cultural sector is undergoing a significant transformation, with a focus on modernizing its image and engaging with global creative communities. This includes supporting Saudi authors and translators to promote Saudi literature globally through initiatives like the “Translation Platform,” which facilitates translation into multiple languages.
• The Kingdom organized over 4,000 cultural events and hosted over 70 major international sporting events in less than a year, signifying its growing influence in cultural diplomacy and the creative economy.
• Riyadh’s role as an influential cultural capital on the global stage is emphasized, aiming to build cultural bridges with other nations.
• The digitalization of government services, reaching 97% completion, and the launch of AI initiatives underscore the Kingdom’s progress towards a comprehensive digital transformation that enhances efficiency and accessibility of services. The goal is for AI to contribute $130 billion to the GDP by 2030.
• The “LEAP 2025” tech conference, hosted by Saudi Arabia, attracted nearly $15 billion in investments, reflecting the Kingdom’s position as a hub for innovation and modern technologies.

These efforts reflect a comprehensive strategy that intertwines economic development, human capital investment, and cultural promotion to establish Saudi Arabia as a leading global destination and a significant contributor to the world stage.

Saudi Arabia’s War on Drugs: Arrests and International Cooperation

The sources provide specific details about efforts to combat drug trafficking, including arrests and seizures within Saudi Arabia and through international cooperation.

Here are the details about drug trafficking arrests:

• Recent Seizures and Arrests:
• The Spokesperson for the General Directorate for Narcotics Control, Lieutenant Colonel Marwan Al-Hazmi, affirmed that the Ministry of Interior, with all its security sectors, is making continuous efforts to reduce the supply and demand for narcotic substances.
• These efforts have yielded results through qualitative operations carried out by the Ministry at both local and international levels.
• One recent operation, announced just days prior, involved thwarting an attempt to smuggle 1.5 million amphetamine pills. These pills were found hidden inside shipments of tables.
• All those involved in this operation were apprehended in the Riyadh and Eastern regions.
• In a separate incident in Jazan, border patrol units in the Al-Ardah sector arrested an Ethiopian national who violated border security regulations. This individual was caught smuggling 99,900 narcotic pills that are subject to medical circulation regulations.
• Preliminary legal procedures were completed against him, and he was handed over to the competent authority along with the seized items.
• International Cooperation and Operations:
• The General Directorate for Narcotics Control continuously coordinates with counterpart agencies in friendly and sisterly countries.
• On June 26, which marked the International Day Against Drug Abuse, an announcement was made about dismantling a criminal network in the Syrian Arab Republic that specialized in producing and smuggling narcotic substances.
• This operation resulted in the seizure of 200,000 amphetamine pills.
• Joint international efforts have also contributed to foiling several smuggling operations outside the Kingdom in countries such as Greece, Malaysia, and Oman. This reflects Saudi Arabia’s seriousness and commitment to combating this scourge globally.
• Command and Control and Public Reporting:
• The Command and Control Center at the General Directorate for Narcotics Control serves as the nerve center for security operations.
• Through this center, reports are received and processed, and coordination is made with various regions to execute arrest operations instantly and with the highest degree of secrecy and accuracy.
• The Ministry of Interior places great importance on reducing the demand for drugs by launching awareness and prevention programs targeting various segments of society.
• These programs include workshops, educational lectures, and awareness exhibitions held in several regions, including Riyadh, Mecca, Medina, Al-Baha, Qassim, and Tabuk, coinciding with the International Day Against Drug Abuse.
• The national strategy for combating drugs relies on a balance between security enforcement (ضبط) and community awareness (توعية).
• Citizens and residents are urged to report any information regarding drug promoters and traffickers by calling the unified number 995, sending an email to 995@gdnc.gov.sa, or calling 911 in Mecca, Medina, Riyadh, and the Eastern region, and 999 and 994 in other regions of the Kingdom.
• All reports are handled with complete confidentiality and without any responsibility on the part of the informant.
• Punishments for Facilitating Violators:
• The Ministry of Interior emphasized that anyone who facilitates the entry of border security violators into the Kingdom, transports them within, provides them with shelter, or offers any form of assistance or service, exposes themselves to penalties.
• These penalties can include imprisonment for up to 15 years, a financial fine of up to one million riyals, and the confiscation of the transportation used for shelter, in addition to publicizing the violator’s name.
• Such actions are considered major crimes that warrant arrest and are deemed a breach of honor and trust.

India’s Ethnic Cleansing Campaign

India is engaged in an extensive campaign to deport individuals, primarily targeting Muslims, particularly those of Bengali linguistic background. This effort is described by human rights activists and lawyers as “illegal expulsion” and a form of “ethnic profiling”.

Here are the details of this campaign:

• Target Population
• The campaign primarily targets hundreds of individuals, specifically described as Muslims, with a notable focus on Bengali speakers.
• Many of those affected are low-wage workers.
• There have also been accusations of forced expulsion of Rohingya Muslim refugees, by placing them on navy ships that then drop them off uninhabited islands or off the coasts of other countries.
• The campaign has stirred significant fear among India’s Muslim population, estimated at nearly 200 million people, especially Bengali speakers.
• Government’s Stated Reasons and Rhetoric
• New Delhi’s government, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, characterizes those being deported as “irregular migrants”.
• Senior Indian officials have used inflammatory language, referring to them as “termites” and “infiltrators”.
• Methods of Deportation
• Deportations often occur without a judicial order.
• Individuals are forcibly taken to the border with Bangladesh and made to cross, sometimes into swamps in the dark.
• Those being expelled are reportedly threatened with being shot if they attempt to stand or walk during the forced crossing.
• One incident describes police taking a group of five Muslims to the border and compelling them to enter a swamp, warning them not to move or they would be shot.
• Some individuals have been airlifted to border states.
• There are reports of physical abuse, where individuals who asserted their Indian nationality were beaten with batons by border police.
• Recent Incidents and Figures
• Bangladesh has reported that India has pushed over 1,600 people across its borders since May. Indian media has suggested this number could rise to 2,500.
• The Bangladeshi Border Guard has reportedly returned 100 of these individuals, stating they were Indian citizens.
• Following an attack in April that resulted in 26 deaths, primarily Hindu tourists, India escalated its security operations against migrants.
• An Indian state chief minister noted the deportation of over 300 people to Bangladesh.
• A civil engineer, Nazimuddin Mondal (35), described being arrested in Mumbai, airlifted to Tripura (a border state), and then forced into Bangladesh. He recounted being beaten when he tried to show his ID and prove his Indian citizenship.
• Criticisms and Legal Arguments
• Human rights activists and lawyers condemn the campaign as “outside the law”.
• They argue that people cannot be deported if there is no country willing to accept them.
• Critics highlight that Indian law does not permit the expulsion of individuals without due legal process.
• The campaign is seen as an “ideological hate campaign” targeting those identified as Muslims.
• It generates a “sense of existential fear” among Muslims, particularly in eastern parts of India.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Unemployment Reduction and Women’s Empowerment

Saudi Arabia has achieved significant progress in unemployment reduction, reaching historical lows, particularly benefiting its national workforce and women. These achievements are directly linked to the ambitious reforms and policies launched under Saudi Vision 2030.

Here are the details regarding unemployment reduction:

• Overall Unemployment Rate:
• The total unemployment rate for all residents in Saudi Arabia (Saudis and non-Saudis) decreased to 2.8% in the first quarter of 2025. This marks a 0.7 percentage point annual decrease compared to the first quarter of 2024, reaching its lowest historical level.
• Saudi Unemployment Rate:
• The unemployment rate among Saudi citizens fell to 6.3% in Q1 2025, which is an improvement from 7% at the end of Q4 2024. This figure has surpassed the targets set by Vision 2030, which aimed to reduce the unemployment rate to 7%.
• Women’s Employment and Participation:
• Unemployment among Saudi women reached a historical low of 10.5% in Q1 2025. This represents a decrease of 1.4 percentage points compared to Q4 2024 (11.9%) and an annual decrease of 3.7 percentage points compared to the same quarter in 2024.
• The growth rate of employed Saudi women relative to the population increased by 0.7%, reaching 32.5%.
• The participation rate of women in the labor force grew by 0.2%, reaching 66.4%.
• The economic participation rate for Saudis (males and females) in the labor force reached 51.3% in Q1 2025.
• The past few years have seen an unprecedented increase in women’s participation rates in the labor market. This is viewed not merely as an increase in the number of female employees, but as a deep “cultural and economic” transformation reflecting a genuine desire to leverage the energies of all citizens.
• Key Strategies and Contributing Factors:
• Vision 2030 Reforms: The achievement is primarily attributed to a series of ambitious reforms and policies launched under Saudi Vision 2030, which explicitly prioritized women’s empowerment as a strategic goal.
• Economic Diversification: The non-oil gross domestic product (GDP) grew by over 5%, and the private sector’s contribution to the GDP increased to approximately 43%. This diversification helps reduce reliance on government spending and stimulates job creation.
• Saudization and Localization Programs: Government efforts include programs for localizing jobs and professions, which has been a significant factor in creating suitable opportunities for citizens.
• Government and Private Sector Collaboration: Continued government spending on major projects and sustained support for the private non-oil sector have been crucial in generating thousands of appropriate jobs.
• Incentives for Companies: Programs that provide support and incentives to companies for hiring Saudis, across both genders, have played a vital role in achieving this reduction.
• Legislative and Regulatory Transformations: Legislative changes have supported women, opening broad opportunities in the labor market.
• Flexible Work Environments: There is a significant focus on developing flexible and women-friendly work environments to boost their participation.
• Investment in National Cadres: Continuous investment in developing national talent, especially Saudi youth, is emphasized. This includes initiatives to train 100,000 citizens in artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing technologies, contributing to job creation.
• Societal Acceptance: The reduction in women’s unemployment reflects a growing societal acceptance of women’s work, which is seen as a social development.
• Expert Perspectives:
• Economist Mohammed Al-Qahtani affirmed that these positive results underscore the efficacy of state efforts, sustained government spending, and robust support for the non-oil private sector.
• Dr. Abdulaziz Rumeili highlighted that Vision 2030’s focus on unemployment, combined with the efforts of government and private entities, has successfully generated suitable jobs, attributing success to localization and incentive programs.
• Rima Mohammed, an entrepreneur, expressed pride in these figures, emphasizing that the reduction in women’s unemployment is a direct outcome of clear governmental support and expanding opportunities, especially with increased economic participation fostering small and medium enterprises.
• Masha’el Abdulaziz, an HR Director, noted that the historic drop in unemployment reflects national policies focused on employing Saudis and highlighted the increasing trend among companies to create flexible and attractive work environments for women.
• A public relations official, M. Al-Otaibi, acknowledged the positive impact of legislative changes but stressed the ongoing need for stronger support to overcome lingering reluctance in placing women in leadership roles, asserting that Saudi women are ready for competition.

Saudi Vision 2030: Empowering Women, Transforming Society

Women empowerment in Saudi Arabia has seen significant and unprecedented progress, largely driven by the ambitious reforms and policies outlined in Saudi Vision 2030. This transformation extends beyond mere statistical improvements, reflecting a deep “cultural and economic” shift in the nation.

Key aspects of women’s empowerment discussed in the sources include:

• Remarkable Reduction in Unemployment and Increased Labor Force Participation:
• The unemployment rate among Saudi women has reached a historical low of 10.5% in the first quarter of 2025. This is a substantial decrease of 1.4 percentage points from Q4 2024 (11.9%) and an annual decrease of 3.7 percentage points compared to the same quarter in 2024.
• This achievement has surpassed the targets set by Vision 2030 which aimed to reduce the overall unemployment rate to 7%.
• The growth rate of employed Saudi women relative to the population increased by 0.7%, reaching 32.5%.
• The participation rate of women in the labor force grew by 0.2%, reaching 66.4%. The economic participation rate for Saudis (males and females) reached 51.3% in Q1 2025.
• The past few years have witnessed an unprecedented increase in women’s participation rates in the labor market compared to previous decades.
• Driving Factors and Strategic Initiatives:
• Vision 2030 Reforms: The progress is primarily attributed to a series of ambitious reforms and policies under Vision 2030, which specifically designated women’s empowerment as a strategic priority.
• Economic Diversification: The growth of the non-oil gross domestic product and the private sector’s increased contribution to GDP (around 43%) have stimulated job creation, moving away from reliance on government spending.
• Saudization and Localization Programs: Government efforts include programs for localizing jobs, creating suitable opportunities for citizens, including women.
• Legislative and Regulatory Support: Legislative transformations have opened up broad opportunities for women in the labor market.
• Flexible Work Environments: There is a significant focus on developing flexible and women-friendly work environments to boost their participation.
• Investment in National Cadres: Continuous investment in developing national talent, particularly Saudi youth, is emphasized. This includes initiatives to train 100,000 citizens in artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing technologies, contributing to job creation.
• Incentives for Companies: Programs supporting and incentivizing companies to hire Saudis of both genders have been vital.
• Cultural and Societal Impact:
• The increase in women’s participation is viewed not just as a numerical rise but as a deep “cultural and economic” transformation reflecting a genuine desire to leverage the energies of all citizens.
• This reduction in women’s unemployment reflects a growing societal acceptance of women’s work, indicating significant social development.
• Women are now active in various sectors, including banking, healthcare, technology, engineering, and entrepreneurship. For instance, the Misk Art Institute’s “Casa Degli Artisti” program supports Saudi female artists, enabling them to develop their practices on an international stage.
• The rise of entrepreneurship, particularly among women, is seen as a direct outcome of government support and expanding opportunities, fostering small and medium enterprises.
• Expert Perspectives and Ongoing Challenges:
• Experts like Mohammed Al-Qahtani affirm that these positive results highlight the effectiveness of state efforts and sustained support for the non-oil private sector.
• Mashael Abdulaziz, an HR Director, notes that companies are increasingly focusing on creating flexible and attractive work environments for women.
• While acknowledging the positive impact of legislative changes, some experts, like Aisha Al-Otaibi, stress the ongoing need for stronger support to overcome lingering reluctance in placing women in leadership roles, asserting that Saudi women are ready for competition and that women’s empowerment is an investment in the nation’s future.
• Samia Mohammed, a social researcher, emphasizes that these figures reflect deep cultural transformations within Saudi society, indicating that women’s work is no longer a marginal choice but an integral part of the national development movement.

Gaza Conflict: Escalation, Casualties, and International Reactions

The Gaza conflict, as described in the provided sources, is characterized as an ongoing and escalating humanitarian catastrophe marked by severe Israeli aggression and widespread destruction.

Nature and Scale of the Conflict:

• The Israeli aggression in Gaza continues without respite, described as “collective extermination”.
• The military operations include the destruction of residential buildings and widespread devastation.
• The conflict has exacerbated the humanitarian situation, leading to a severe food and health crisis. Aid entry is being denied, and the sector remains besieged.

Human Cost and Casualties:

• As of the first quarter of 2025, the conflict has been ongoing for over 100 days since military operations resumed.
• Casualties are extensive: In a 24-hour period, 81 Palestinians were martyred due to aerial and artillery shelling.
• The total number of martyrs has exceeded 56,412, with over 133,000 injured since October 7, 2023.
• Tragically, 14 civilians were martyred while waiting for humanitarian aid.
• The Ministry of Health in Gaza reported the death of 66 children due to malnutrition, with thousands more at risk of starvation.

Israeli Actions and Warnings:

• The Israeli army has issued new warnings for the evacuation of northern Gaza, cautioning residents of Gaza City, Jabalia, and surrounding areas about an “imminent military move”.
• Residents have been called to “immediately” move towards the Al-Mawasi area in southern Gaza.
• These operations are aimed at “destroying the capabilities of terrorist organizations,” according to the Israeli army.

Palestinian and International Reactions:

• The Palestinian presidency, through its official spokesperson Nabil Abu Rudeineh, has warned of the dangers of a new, devastating military operation in Gaza, viewing it as a prelude to a new displacement.
• There are increasing pressures on the Israeli government from the families of prisoners held in Gaza, who have met with the US Secretary of State, demanding a prisoner exchange deal.
• Former US President Donald Trump has called for “ending the Israeli war of extermination” and urged a deal to free hostages.
• The Palestinian Foreign Ministry has called upon the international community to assume its responsibilities under international law and resolutions to halt crimes against Palestinian civilians, secure a ceasefire, and implement relevant UN resolutions, especially Resolution 2334.
• The Ministry highlighted the nature of settler attacks, describing them as “collective crimes” and a clear division of roles between settlers and the Israeli army.
• The Palestinian National Council has affirmed that Israel is fighting “the idea of a Palestinian state with sovereignty” and is attempting to create a new reality to make a political solution unattainable.

Broader Context and Related Violence:

• The conflict is occurring amidst broader regional geopolitical shifts, with initial indicators of a “fundamental transformation” in the nature of the regional conflict.
• There’s also documented escalation of settler violence in the West Bank, with the Israeli army itself acknowledging a 30% increase in settler terrorism in the first quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. This includes land seizures, forced displacement of families, burning, racist graffiti, and even killings of Palestinians.

Saudi Arabia’s Stance:

• The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy is characterized by stability and wisdom, adhering to principles of respect for state sovereignty and rejection of violence and extremism.
• Regarding the Israeli-Iranian confrontation, which is part of the broader regional context, Saudi Arabia has called for de-escalation, denounced military aggressions, and emphasized the necessity of respecting state sovereignty and avoiding escalation.
• The Kingdom has also refused the use of its territory or airspace in any regional conflict.
• In general, Saudi Arabia consistently supports peaceful solutions to conflicts, calls for dialogue, and has engaged in mediation efforts, such as the release of prisoners of multiple nationalities.

Saudi Vision 2030: Economic Transformation and Growth

The Saudi Arabian economy is undergoing a significant and unprecedented transformation, primarily driven by the ambitious Saudi Vision 2030. This vision is not merely about reform but a “comprehensive reshaping project” that extends beyond internal changes to influence its international standing, aspirations, and self-perception. This strategic shift aims to create a resilient economy resistant to geopolitical shocks and external market fluctuations.

Here are the key aspects of the Saudi economy based on the provided sources:

1. Economic Performance and Growth:

• Non-Oil GDP Growth: The real non-oil Gross Domestic Product (GDP) achieved a growth rate of 4.2% in 2024, driven by private consumption and non-oil investments. Preliminary estimates for the first quarter of 2025 show a 4.9% expansion in non-oil activities year-on-year. This reflects a gradual transition away from oil dependency towards a diverse economy.
• Private Sector Contribution: The private sector’s contribution to GDP has increased to approximately 43%, which signifies a reduced reliance on government spending and fosters a more competitive environment.
• Unemployment Rates:
• The overall unemployment rate among Saudis reached a historic low of 6.3% in the first quarter of 2025, surpassing Vision 2030’s target of 7%.
• Specifically, unemployment among Saudi women dropped to a historic low of 10.5% in Q1 2025. This is a significant decrease from 11.9% in Q4 2024 and 14.2% in Q1 2024, representing a 3.7 percentage point annual decline. This achievement is seen as a deep “cultural and economic” transformation reflecting a genuine desire to utilize all national energies.
• The participation rate of women in the labor force grew by 0.2%, reaching 66.4%, and for Saudis (male and female combined) reached 51.3% in Q1 2025, with some sources citing 68.2%. These figures represent an unprecedented increase compared to previous decades.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Net FDI flows saw a 44% increase in Q1 2025, reaching 22.2 billion Saudi Riyals compared to the same period last year. This indicates growing investor confidence and the effectiveness of policies designed to attract investment.
• Public Debt and Financial Stability: The public debt remains low at 26.2% of the GDP, which is among the lowest rates globally. This robust financial position, coupled with secure government reserves, enhances investor confidence.
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Enforcement: Saudi Arabia achieved a notable rank of 13th globally in the Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Index within the 2025 Global Competitiveness Yearbook, moving up from 14th place. This progress is attributed to improved litigation efficiency, expedited judicial procedures, comprehensive awareness campaigns, and enhanced coordination between governmental and private entities.

2. Diversification and Key Sector Development:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Technology: The Kingdom aims for AI to contribute $130 billion to its GDP by 2030, representing about 12% of the total. Initiatives include training 100,000 citizens in AI and cloud computing technologies, building advanced data centers, and forming partnerships with leading global technology companies like Nvidia, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and IBM. Riyadh is projected to become a leading market for data center growth in the Middle East. Saudi Aramco is also building a digital network to empower industry.
• Tourism: The sector saw over 27 million international visitors in 2024. Major projects like Diriyah and AlUla are part of strategic plans to boost tourism. Coastal areas such as Jeddah are being developed with comprehensive tourist and recreational facilities, and Hail is enhancing its summer tourism attractions.
• Industry: The National Industrial Strategy, launched in October 2022, aims to double non-oil industrial exports to 557 billion Saudi Riyals by 2030. The sector saw the issuance of 1,346 new industrial licenses in 2024, indicating strong activity.
• Culture and Arts: The cultural sector is becoming a fundamental “language of the state” rather than just a leisure activity. Initiatives like Riyadh Art and the Misk Art Institute support local artists. Household spending on culture has significantly increased from 2.9% to 6%.
• Fashion: The Saudi fashion sector is experiencing substantial growth, with an estimated market value of $116.26 billion in 2025, projected to reach $32 billion by 2026.
• Agriculture (Rural Development): The “Reef Saudi Arabia” program has benefited over 87,235 individuals, promoting agricultural crafts and supporting productive families. This program aims to improve rural living quality and increase agriculture’s contribution to the national product.
• Healthcare and Emergency Services: The Kingdom has developed digital solutions like “Is’afni” and “Tawakkalna” for emergency response. There are also experiments with drone technology for medicine delivery to remote areas, reducing delivery times.
• Nuclear Energy (Global Context): While not explicitly stating Saudi adoption, the World Bank and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have partnered to support the safe and affordable use of nuclear energy in developing countries. This is viewed as a stable source of electricity that enhances grid stability and creates high-skilled jobs, stimulating broader economic growth.

3. Driving Factors and Government Initiatives:

• Vision 2030 Reforms: The economic progress is primarily attributed to ambitious reforms and policies under Vision 2030, which designated women’s empowerment as a strategic priority.
• Flexible Work Environments: There is a significant focus on developing flexible and women-friendly work environments to boost female labor force participation.
• Investment in National Cadres: Continuous investment in developing national talent, particularly Saudi youth, is emphasized.
• Incentives for Companies: Government programs support and incentivize companies to hire Saudis of both genders.
• Digital Government Services: The Kingdom has achieved 97% digitalization of government services, compared to an 85% average among G20 countries.
• New Investment System: A new investment system, implemented in February 2025, aims to enhance liquidity and attract foreign investment to Saudi capital markets.

4. Social and Cultural Impact:

• The rise in women’s participation is seen as a profound cultural and economic transformation. Women are now active in diverse sectors, including banking, healthcare, technology, engineering, and entrepreneurship.
• The significant social development is reflected in the growing societal acceptance of women’s work.

5. Future Outlook and Challenges:

• While progress is evident, some experts note the ongoing need for stronger support to overcome lingering reluctance in placing women in leadership roles.
• There is a recognized need to further enhance vocational and technical skills, particularly for women, in specialized sectors like technology, engineering, and energy.
• Challenges include ensuring continued adoption of advanced technologies (Industry 4.0) across all sectors.
• The Kingdom is also navigating a global shift of economic power from the North to the South, which influences its strategic positioning and partnerships.

Overall, the Saudi economy, under the guidance of Vision 2030, is demonstrating remarkable growth and diversification, driven by strategic reforms, significant investments, and a strong focus on human capital development, particularly women’s empowerment.

Saudi Arabia’s War on Drug Trafficking

The Saudi Arabian economy, within the framework of its ambitious Vision 2030, places a significant emphasis on combating drug trafficking as part of its efforts to ensure security and stability. This issue is addressed through a multifaceted national strategy that balances stringent security measures with comprehensive community awareness campaigns.

Key aspects of Saudi Arabia’s approach to drug trafficking include:

• Proactive Security Operations The Ministry of Interior, through its various security sectors, and specifically the General Directorate for Narcotics Control (GDNC), exerts continuous efforts to reduce both the supply and demand of narcotic substances. This involves conducting proactive strikes against drug traffickers. The Operations and Control Center at the GDNC serves as a critical hub for these security operations, handling incoming reports and coordinating immediate and discreet seizure efforts across different regions.
• Significant Seizures and Foiled AttemptsRecently, authorities successfully foiled an attempt to smuggle 1.5 million amphetamine pills that were concealed within table shipments, leading to the arrest of all individuals involved in Riyadh and the Eastern Province.
• On June 26, coinciding with the World Anti-Drug Day, a criminal network in the Syrian Arab Republic specializing in the production and smuggling of narcotic substances was dismantled, and an attempt to smuggle 200,000 amphetamine pills was thwarted.
• In the Jazan region, specifically the Aredhah border sector, patrols apprehended an Ethiopian national for trafficking 99,900 narcotic pills regulated for medical use.
• International Cooperation Saudi Arabia’s commitment extends beyond its borders, as the GDNC continuously coordinates with counterpart agencies in friendly and sisterly countries. This international cooperation has been instrumental in foiling several drug smuggling operations outside the Kingdom, including in countries like Greece, Malaysia, and Oman. Such efforts underscore Saudi Arabia’s serious dedication to combating this global menace.
• Community Awareness and Prevention Beyond enforcement, the Ministry of Interior heavily invests in reducing the demand for drugs. This is achieved through the launch of awareness and prevention programs targeting various community groups. These initiatives include workshops, educational exhibitions, and awareness lectures conducted in multiple regions across the Kingdom, such as Riyadh, Mecca, Medina, Al-Baha, Qassim, and Tabuk. These programs align with global anti-drug campaigns, emphasizing the collective effort required to break the cycle of organized crime.
• Legal Ramifications and Public Reporting The national strategy places importance on community involvement, urging citizens and residents to report any information related to drug trafficking or promotion. All reports are handled with complete confidentiality and ensure anonymity for the informant. Penalties for facilitating the entry, transport, sheltering, or providing any assistance to border security violators or drug traffickers are severe, including imprisonment for up to 15 years, a financial fine of up to one million Saudi Riyals, confiscation of the transport vehicle and housing used for the crime, and public defamation. These acts are considered major offenses that warrant immediate arrest and are viewed as dishonorable and a breach of trust.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision: Transformation, Growth, and Global Standing

Here are the column titles found in the newspaper, along with their first two paragraphs of detail:

• كلـمة (Word/Editorial) The transformations witnessed by the Kingdom are not merely reform or development steps, but a comprehensive reshaping project for the present and future. This change is not only measured by infrastructure or the volume of investments but also by the Kingdom’s ability to attract attention, win hearts, and build a new sense of belonging among its citizens and those who see it from abroad and choose to belong.
• االنتماء الجديد (The New Belonging) In this context, Cristiano Ronaldo’s words, “I am Portuguese, but I belong to Saudi Arabia,” are more than just a statement; they encapsulate the deep meaning of what is happening here, as belonging is no longer tied to birth but to belief in a project. Ronaldo further emphasized this by saying, “The Crown Prince is doing a wonderful job, and he is the most influential personality in this great change,” adding a global voice to what the Kingdom knows about itself and what observers do not know about Mohammed bin Salman, who not only leads the vision to reality but also inspires and transforms.
• المقال (The Article) (Author: تهاني عبدالله الخيال) Can a land that was once described as barren become a capital to which people flock for innovation? And can Riyadh, at the heart of the world, inspire a dream to turn into a project for a nation that knows no impossible, and every project turns into a future written today, not by war, but by work, vision, and will. Riyadh, the capital, rises to write a new chapter among the ambitious national chapters by hosting Expo 2030.
• إكسبو 2030 (Expo 2030) This global event is not merely a transient international exhibition but a qualitative leap that reflects a strategic vision and a platform for development, part of the Kingdom’s ambition not just to be part of the world, but to be at its forefront. The economic value of Expo 2030 is estimated at over 241 billion Saudi Riyals during the development phase and 21 billion Riyals annually during the operational period, according to Public Investment Fund estimates.
• المملكة على خريطة الاستدامة العالمية (The Kingdom on the Global Sustainability Map) (Author: د. عايض بن علي القحطاني) In a new step towards the future, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s 2024 Vision 2030 achievements report revealed positive messages about the accelerating national transformation and structural progress across economic, social, and environmental sectors, precisely aligned with the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations. What has been achieved is not merely figures, but deep indicators that suggest Saudi Arabia has become a model whose vision can be read in the language of comprehensive sustainability.
• الثقل الاقتصادي ينتقل للجنوب (The Economic Center of Gravity Shifts to the South) (Author: إبراهيم الغامدي) Despite expectations, recent geopolitical upheavals in the Middle East—especially the events of October 7 and the escalation between Iran and Israel in 2023—did not deal a severe blow to global energy markets. Compared to previous regional or major global crises like the war between Russia and Ukraine, the impact was surprisingly weak. This clear inability of oil-rich Middle Eastern countries to use their oil political leverage suggests a deeper shift in global dynamics, encouraging Western-allied countries to confidently pursue political and economic transformation in the region, according to an early PwC report.
• المقال (The Article) (Author: د. عبدالله بن عبدالمحسن الفرج) In a new literary adventure where identity intersects with philosophy, and literature with the present, and the past with politics, “The Search for Mustafa Said”, a novel by Sudanese writer Emad Al-Bleik, recently published by “Ibiedi” publications in Egypt, attempts in its first edition for 2025 to delve into the impact of the central character Mustafa Said from Tayeb Salih’s immortal novel “Season of Migration to the North”. It does so not by rewriting the text, but by contemplating the shadows it left behind and observing whether this character can be resurrected in a time when Sudan is exploding on multiple levels.
• على البال (On My Mind) (Author: محمد الرشيدي) In the new Saudi landscape, culture and arts are no longer mere manifestations of luxury; they have become one of the state’s languages. With the eighth allegiance pledge to His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, the outlines of a transformative project are becoming clear, one that has not only redrawn the map of the economy and politics but has also restored dignity to identity, beauty, and public taste, serving as soft power tools that are no less important than other tools of influence.
• مسار (Track) (Author: د. علي الخشيبان) In a world where the pace of work accelerates and definitions of professional performance and success are redefined, organizations today face a silent but extremely dangerous challenge: the departure of competencies is no longer considered a failure for the organization, but a market for better opportunities. Some work environments have transformed from internal cultures that exhaust the soul, hinder appreciation, and lose meaning, into arenas of relentless competition where those who survive are rewarded, not those who innovate, and where the voice of those who conform is heard, not those who add.
• مسار (Track) (Author: د. أريج الجهني) It is not common for International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports to carry the intensity and clarity of the concluding statement, as was observed in the praise and satisfaction regarding the Article IV consultation mission with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for 2025, or the warning. However, this time, these reports, which usually adopt a reserved tone and leave room for concern, seemed like an international certificate affirming the depth of the transformation and the seriousness and solidity of our country’s vision, despite the global upheavals and challenges it faces.
• مواقف المملكة الثابتة (The Kingdom’s Firm Stances) (Author: د. فايز بن عبدالله الشهري) The foreign policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is characterized by steadfastness and wisdom, relying on deeply rooted principles such as respect for national sovereignty, rejection of violence and extremism in all its forms, support for legitimacy, and constant pursuit of peaceful solutions to conflicts. Over decades, the Kingdom has proven its strength as a voice of reason in a turbulent world, contributing to regional and global stability.
• اقتصاد مقاوم للصدمات الجيوسياسية.. سطور من صندوق النقد الدولي (Economy Resilient to Geopolitical Shocks… Lines from the International Monetary Fund) (Author: خالد بن علي المطرفي) It is not common for International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports to carry the intensity and clarity of the concluding statement, as was observed in the praise and satisfaction regarding the Article IV consultation mission with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for 2025, or the warning. However, this time, these reports, which usually adopt a reserved tone and leave room for concern, seemed like an international certificate affirming the depth of the transformation and the seriousness and solidity of our country’s vision, despite the global upheavals and challenges it faces.
• تطور هائل (Massive Development) (Author: د. مقبل بن جديع) Anyone who has witnessed Al-Hilal’s matches in the Club World Cup, and remembers the Saudi national team’s performance in the 2022 World Cup, will realize that Saudi football has transformed to a higher technical level than before. Previously, our national team and clubs played with the conviction that we were technically inferior to European teams and clubs, lacking the confidence to possess the ball.

Saudi Transformations and Global Engagements

Here are the column titles found in the newspaper, along with their first two paragraphs of detail, extracted directly from the provided source:

• كلـمة (Word/Editorial) The transformations witnessed by the Kingdom are not merely reform or development steps, but a comprehensive reshaping project for the present and future. This change is not only measured by infrastructure or the volume of investments but also by the Kingdom’s ability to attract attention, win hearts, and build a new sense of belonging among its citizens and those who see it from abroad and choose to belong.
• االنتماء الجديد (The New Belonging) His Royal Highness Prince Abdullah bin Farhan bin Faisal, Minister of Foreign Affairs, received yesterday at the Ministry’s headquarters in Riyadh His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic of Djibouti, Mr. Abdulqader Hussein Omar. During the reception, they reviewed ways to enhance bilateral cooperation between the two countries in various fields, in addition to discussing a number of issues and topics of common interest.
• انخفاض البطالة لمستوى تاريخي (Unemployment drops to historic low) The Labor Market Bulletin for the first quarter of 2025 CE showed positive and record-breaking results, reflecting the continued growth and expansion of the labor market in attracting national cadres. Labor market indicators in the Kingdom achieved a historic low in the unemployment rate among Saudis and an annual increase in the overall unemployment rate among the total population. The unemployment rate for Saudis decreased to its lowest historical level in the first quarter of this year (2025) at 6.3%, compared to 7% at the end of the fourth quarter of 2024, thus surpassing the Vision 2030 targets which aimed to reduce the unemployment rate to 7%.
• خالد بن سلمان يبحث مع موسوي جهود الحفاظ على االستقرار (Khalid bin Salman discusses with Mousavi efforts to maintain stability) His Royal Highness Prince Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Minister of Defense, received a phone call yesterday from Major General Abdolrahim Mousavi, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. During the call, they reviewed bilateral relations between the two countries in the defense sector, and discussed regional developments and efforts exerted to maintain security and stability.
• االحتالل يمهد لعملية عسكرية جديدة في غزة (The Occupation paves the way for a new military operation in Gaza) The Israeli aggression continues unabated on Gaza, amidst a lack of serious international action to stop the genocide against nearly two million people in the besieged strip. With the entry of the 104th day since the resumption of military operations, the Israeli army began carrying out widespread demolition operations of residential buildings in eastern Khan Yunis, which exacerbates the humanitarian tragedy amid widespread destruction.
• بدء سريان العقوبات األميركية على السودان (US sanctions on Sudan take effect) US sanctions on the government of Sudan came into effect after Washington confirmed the Sudanese army’s use of chemical weapons last year in the deadly civil war engulfing the country. The US government announced in a notice published Friday in the Federal Register that the sanctions, which include restrictions on US exports, arms sales, and financing for the Khartoum government, will remain in effect for at least one year.
• المملكة في المرتبة 13 عالميًا في مؤشر إنفاذ حقوق الملكية الفكرية (Kingdom ranks 13th globally in intellectual property rights enforcement index) The Kingdom achieved a new qualitative achievement by advancing to the 13th position globally from the 14th position in the Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Index, within the annual Global Competitiveness Yearbook for 2025, issued by the World Competitiveness Center of the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), which is considered one of the main competitiveness reports followed by the National Center for Competitiveness in coordination with relevant government entities. This significant progress embodies the great efforts made by the Saudi Intellectual Property Authority in leading the enforcement system and developing and enhancing its efficiency, as the Kingdom advanced from the 27th position in the 2024 edition to the 13th position among 69 countries in this year’s report.
• تدفقات االستثمار األجنبي تقفز 44 % في الربع األول (Foreign investment flows jump 44% in Q1) Net foreign direct investment (FDI) flows for the first quarter of 2025 increased by 44% to reach 22.2 billion Saudi Riyals, compared to the same quarter last year, while recording a 7% decrease compared to the previous quarter of 2024. The General Authority for Statistics’ bulletin on direct foreign investment flows for the first quarter of 2025 showed that the value of outgoing foreign direct investment flows from the Kingdom’s economy amounted to about 1.8 billion Saudi Riyals during the first quarter of 2025, with a decrease of 54% compared to the same quarter last year, and recorded a 7% increase, while the value of foreign direct investment flows into the Kingdom’s economy reached about 24.0 billion Saudi Riyals during the first quarter of 2025, recording a 24% increase compared to the same quarter last year, as it then amounted to about 19.4 billion Saudi Riyals, compared to a 6% decrease from the previous quarter of the same year.
• أداء مطار حائل على طاولة عبدالعزيز بن سعد (Hail Airport’s performance on Abdulaziz bin Saad’s table) His Royal Highness Prince Abdulaziz bin Saad bin Abdulaziz, Emir of Hail region, received yesterday at his office the CEO of the second airports cluster company, Eng. Mohammed bin Ali Musrahi, and a number of the company’s leaders, in the presence of Eng. Khalid bin Yahya Al-Saif, CEO of Northern Airports. During the reception, His Highness reviewed the annual report on Hail International Airport’s performance for 2024 CE, which included the most prominent indicators of operational performance and developments in the airport’s efficiency, controlling passenger flow, flight schedules, and efforts to improve infrastructure and service quality.
• أمير جازان يكّرم الفائزين بجائزتي المواطنة المسؤولة و”صيتاثون” (Jazan Emir honors winners of Responsible Citizenship and “Sithathon” awards) His Royal Highness Prince Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed, Emir of Jazan region, honored yesterday at the Emirate’s headquarters, in the presence of His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Nasser Al-Jalawi, the winners of the Responsible Citizenship and “Sithathon” awards. These awards come within the preliminary qualifiers for the national program to enhance community initiatives, as part of the initiatives of Princess Seetah bint Abdulaziz Foundation for Excellence in Social Work, dedicated to students of public education and its affiliates in all regions of the Kingdom. This came during His Highness’s reception of His Royal Highness Prince Fahad bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Saud, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Princess Seetah Award and a member of the Executive Committee, and His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud bin Mohammed bin Salman bin Saud, a member of the Executive Committee and Secretary of the Grand Board of Trustees.
• أمير القصيم يشيد بزراعة 7.5 ماليين شجرة (Al-Qassim Emir praises planting of 7.5 million trees) His Royal Highness Prince Dr. Faisal bin Mishal bin Saud, Emir of Al-Qassim region, received at his office yesterday the General Manager of the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture branch in Al-Qassim, Eng. Salman Al-Suwainie, and the Director of the National Center for Vegetation Cover Development in Al-Qassim, Sulaiman Al-Kreisan. His Highness received a report on the “Green Qassim” initiative and reviewed during the reception the most prominent achievements of the initiative across its 15 stages, as the number of planted trees exceeded 7,521,000 trees. This is part of continuous efforts to enhance vegetation cover, combat desertification, and achieve environmental sustainability targets in the region, in alignment with the Saudi Green Initiative.
• أمير الشرقية يكرم الداعمين والمشاركين في »ربيع النعيرية« (Eastern Province Emir honors supporters and participants in “Rabee Al-Nairiyah”) His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Nayef bin Abdulaziz, Emir of the Eastern Province, honored yesterday at his office in the Emirate’s court the supporters and participating entities in the “Rabee Al-Nairiyah 23” festival, in the presence of the Eastern Province Municipality Secretary, Eng. Fahad Al-Jubairi. The Emir of the Eastern Province emphasized the importance of organizing such heritage events that embody the popular heritage and preserve it, noting that preserving national identity and pride in customs and traditions is a necessary means that contributes to enhancing community responsibility and instilling values of belonging and cultural awareness among generations.
• سعود بن بندر يستقبل مديري “صحة الشرقية” و”وقاية” (Saud bin Bandar receives directors of “Eastern Health” and “Wiqaia”) His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Bandar bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Emir of the Eastern Province, received yesterday at his office in the Emirate’s court, Dr. Ayesh bin Fares Al-Hamzani, General Director of the Ministry of Health branch in the region, on the occasion of the end of his tenure, accompanied by Dr. Abdulrahman bin Saeed Abu Dahish, Executive Director of the General Health Authority branch in the Eastern Sector (Wiqaia), on the occasion of his appointment. His Royal Highness the Deputy Emir of the region praised Dr. Al-Hamzani for his efforts during his tenure, wishing him continued success, and also wished Dr. Abdulrahman Abu Dahish success in his future duties.
• نائب أمير الرياض يطلع على منجزات »األحوال الشخصية« (Deputy Emir of Riyadh reviews achievements of “Personal Status”) His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Emir of Riyadh region, received yesterday at his office in Al-Hukm Palace, Sheikh Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud, Head of the Personal Status Court in Riyadh. His Highness listened to a presentation about the works and achievements of the Personal Status Court in Riyadh.
• رئيس الشورى يبدأ زيارة رسمية إلى كمبوديا (Shura Council Speaker begins official visit to Cambodia) His Excellency Sheikh Dr. Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Abdullah Al Al-Sheikh, Speaker of the Shura Council, began an official visit to the Kingdom of Cambodia leading a delegation from the Council, in response to an official invitation received from the President of the Senate in the Kingdom of Cambodia, Samdech Techo Hun Sen. The visit of the Speaker of the Shura Council to the Kingdom of Cambodia comes within the framework of the wise leadership’s keenness and interest in supporting bilateral relations between the two friendly countries and raising them to the highest levels, as well as supporting and enhancing parliamentary cooperation in various fields.
• استعراض منظومة الذكاء االصطناعي في المملكة على منصة منتدى عالمي (Review of AI system in the Kingdom on a global forum platform) The Kingdom, represented by the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA), reviewed its experience and efforts in building a comprehensive artificial intelligence system to harness its capabilities and establish effective national and international partnerships, and to employ AI to serve sustainable development and achieve societal and economic impact. This comes within the activities of the Third Global Forum on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, organized by UNESCO in the Thai capital, Bangkok, from June 24 to 27, 2025 CE.
• المملكة تواصل ضرباتها االستباقية ضد المخدرات المقدم الحازمي: جهودنا ال تتوقف وخطتنا تشمل الضبط والتوعية (Kingdom continues its pre-emptive strikes against drugs Al-Hazmi: Our efforts do not stop and our plan includes control and awareness) The official spokesperson for the General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Lieutenant Colonel Marwan Al-Hazmi, affirmed that the Ministry of Interior, with all its security sectors, is making continuous efforts to reduce the supply and demand for narcotic substances, stating that the qualitative operations carried out by the Ministry have yielded fruit, thanks to God, at both the local and international levels. He reviewed some of the most prominent security operations that have been carried out recently, including a recent operation to thwart an attempt to smuggle 1.5 million amphetamine pills, which were hidden inside table shipments, and all involved were arrested in the Riyadh and Eastern regions.
• انطالق أعمال »المؤتمر الدولي للصيدلة السريرية« بحائل (Launch of “International Clinical Pharmacy Conference” in Hail) Under the patronage and interest of His Royal Highness Prince Abdulaziz bin Saad bin Abdulaziz, Emir of Hail region, the activities of the International Conference on Clinical Pharmacy titled “Towards a Promising Future in Primary Healthcare” were launched in Hail. The conference is organized by the Hail Health Cluster with the aim of proposing innovative solutions to enhance the quality of healthcare and align it with global developments, with the participation of more than 700 health practitioners, international experts, and specialists in health and pharmaceutical fields. The conference, which is the first of its kind in the Kingdom, discussed the latest developments in virtual health and research, in addition to reviewing experiences in benefiting from the drug journey and exploring future systems to expand pharmaceutical services.
• الجامعة اإلسالمية تدعم األبحاث المتميزة (Islamic University supports distinguished research) The Islamic University in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah launched the “Distinguished Research Support after Publication – Fourth Edition” initiative, which aims to motivate faculty members to publish in high-quality international journals and raise the level of scientific output published in the name of the university. The Deanship of Scientific Research at the university clarified that registration for the initiative will continue until November 30 of this year, targeting researchers who have published scientific research in journals with impact factors, indexed within one of the two databases: Web of Science or “Scopus,” where the support value is determined based on the researchers’ performance, increasing the number of researches published in the name of the university, in addition to promoting and supporting distinguished and innovative research with clear scientific impact.
• تدشين برنامج جيل البحث واالبتكار اإلثرائي (Launch of “Research and Innovation Generation” Enrichment Program) The “Research and Innovation Generation Enrichment Program 2025” was launched in King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), organized by KACST in cooperation with Mawhiba (King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity Academy 32), with the participation of more than 90 gifted male and female students from all over the Kingdom. The enrichment program aims to enhance the culture of research, innovation, and development among gifted students by introducing them to scientific research and its importance, connecting them with research centers, strengthening their relationships with researchers, scientists, and specialists, developing and refining their skills in research, innovation, and development fields through practical application and skills, in addition to motivating them to contribute to enriching local content.
• »اإلسالمية« تحقق 100 % في كفاءة الطاقة (Islamic Affairs achieves 100% in energy efficiency) As part of a series of consecutive achievements by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah, and Guidance at the national level, the Ministry achieved 100% in the energy efficiency performance card, in addition to achieving savings in energy consumption for two consecutive years. This accomplishment reflects its commitment to applying rationalization and raising operational efficiency standards according to technical specifications and engineering standards.
• ندوة »سالمة الغذاء« تشخص التحديات وتستعرض الحلول (Food Safety Seminar diagnoses challenges and reviews solutions) Under the patronage of His Excellency the Minister of Municipal, Rural Affairs and Housing, Majed bin Abdullah Al-Hogail, Eng. Fahad bin Mohammed Al-Jubairi, Secretary of the Eastern Province, inaugurated the “Food Safety” symposium in Khobar Governorate. The event was attended by Eng. Hamad bin Shamlan Al-Mowaffaq, Secretary of Tabuk region, Eng. Khalaf bin Yousef Al-Yousef, Deputy Secretary of Hafr Al-Batin Governorate, Ahmed bin Mohammed Al-Hleyl, Assistant Minister for Public Health, and directors of environmental health departments in the Kingdom’s municipalities. The Secretary of the Eastern Province welcomed the participants from public and private entities in his opening speech, noting that food safety represents a shared national responsibility that requires the integration of roles between government and private sectors to protect society and achieve the highest quality standards in the food chain and compliance.
• باحثان سعوديان يقدمان مشروعًا وطنيًا لالستجابة إلى الطائرات (Two Saudi researchers present a national project for drone response) Two Saudi researchers presented a project in the “Naql Hackathon” organized by the Transport Authority, which won third place. The project involves employing artificial intelligence in emergency services aboard aircraft. This is achieved by identifying medical conditions that occur during the flight and the possibility of deciding to land, which costs approximately 100-300 thousand dollars from the carrier. They are currently seeking to obtain intellectual property rights for this project.
• أكثر من 87 ألف مستفيد من »ريف السعودية« (Over 87,000 beneficiaries from “Saudi Rural”) The Assistant Undersecretary of the General Security for “Saudi Rural” Program, Majed Al-Rabekan, affirmed that the program’s noble support from the wise leadership, has contributed to expanding the base of beneficiaries and achieving tangible results on the ground. He added that this achievement comes as a culmination of the Kingdom’s continuous efforts to support the agricultural sector and advance rural areas. He further stated that the program works on several main axes, including developing agricultural and animal production, empowering rural women, and supporting small fishermen, focusing on enhancing the value-added to products and improving quality.
• انطالق برنامج موهبة اإلثرائي األكاديمي بجامعة المؤسس (Launch of Mawhiba Enrichment Academic Program at Founder’s University) King Abdulaziz University launched the activities of the Mawhiba Enrichment Academic Program 2025, one of the most prominent academic programs organized by the national body concerned with giftedness and creativity, in cooperation with King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity (“Mawhiba”). This year, 521 gifted male and female students from various regions of the Kingdom are participating in the program, including 192 male students and 329 female students, driven by the desire to explore new horizons of knowledge and employ giftedness in serving the nation.
• شواطئ جدة تتزين لعش البحر (Jeddah beaches adorned for sea lovers) Jeddah Governorate’s beaches are preparing with their diverse facilities to welcome visitors and tourists, and recreational facilities for the summer season. This is achieved by preparing its public and recreational facilities, fulfilling the aspirations of residents and visitors, and enhancing its position as a major destination on the tourism map in the Kingdom, as part of Vision 2030 targets for tourism sector development and local content enhancement. The tourism sector in Jeddah is witnessing an expansion in providing unique tourism experiences, including shooting, swimming, and horse riding facilities, all offered according to high standards to suit various age groups. In the field of shooting, there are several clubs and academies that provide shooting experiences with traditional arrows and weapons for children, among others, and special programs for women with certified female trainers under private supervision.
• المقال (The Article) (Author: تهاني عبدالله الخيال) Can a land that was once described as barren become a capital to which people flock for innovation? And can Riyadh, at the heart of the world, inspire a dream to turn into a project for a nation that knows no impossible, and every project turns into a future written today, not by war, but by work, vision, and will. Riyadh, the capital, rises to write a new chapter among the ambitious national chapters by hosting Expo 2030.
• إكسبو 2030 (Expo 2030) The economic value of Expo 2030 is estimated at over 241 billion Saudi Riyals during the development phase and 21 billion Riyals annually during the operational period, according to Public Investment Fund estimates. The project is also expected to contribute to creating more than 171 thousand direct and indirect job opportunities, empowering national competencies, and stimulating private sector participation, which represents an economic boost that shapes the future. The exhibition site, located north of the capital, next to King Salman International Airport, spans an area of two million square meters, and is preparing to welcome more than 40 million physical visits and more than a billion virtual visits.
• خطط رؤية 2030 تسرع خفض البطالة إلى مستوى تاريخي (Vision 2030 plans accelerate unemployment reduction to historic low) The labor market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed a qualitative transformation in empowering and employing women in recent years, a reality supported by the latest figures and policies. Today, Saudi women stand at the forefront of the workforce, actively participating and contributing in various sectors, from banking to healthcare, technology, engineering, and entrepreneurship. According to the labor market bulletin issued by the General Authority for Statistics for the first quarter of 2025, and as a result of initiatives to empower women and support their economic participation, the labor market in the Kingdom continues to achieve historic levels in women’s employment. The unemployment rate among Saudi women decreased to its lowest historical level, reaching 10.5%, a reduction of 1.4 percentage points in the first quarter of 2025, and an annual decrease of 3.7 percentage points compared to the same quarter of 2024.
• توظيف المرأة.. نجاح ترسمه الخطط وتدعمه األرقام (Women’s employment… success drawn by plans and supported by numbers) Regarding this, Ms. May Al-Otaibi, an official in Public Relations, said: “The legislative transformations have supported women and opened wide opportunities for them in the labor market, but we still need stronger support in granting women leadership positions that suit some organizations that still hesitate to grant Saudi women, who are ready for competition, the opportunity, affirming their efficiency. She added: “Developing flexible and women-friendly work environments has become a priority to increase their participation, for true empowerment begins with confidence in women’s ability to lead, as it is not a reward but an investment in the future that drives the national economy and reduces unemployment in general”. Ms. Masha’el Abdulaziz, Director of Human Resources, also confirmed that the historical decrease in the unemployment rate to 2.8% reflects the effectiveness of national policies focused on employing Saudis in both public and private sectors. She added: “The most beautiful thing is that this expansion included women increasingly; we are now witnessing a trend among many companies to develop flexible and attractive work environments for Saudi women. There is no doubt that achieving an unemployment rate of 6.3% among Saudis means that we are close to achieving the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 targets, and we must continue to invest in developing national cadres, especially young Saudi women”.
• المقال (The Article) (Author: د. عبدالله بن عبدالمحسن الفرج) Among them are global companies such as LVMH, chaired by the French billionaire Bernard Arnault, which face many problems. The head of this group, who was once at the top of the list of the richest people in the world, is now forced to lose his position. This group, which controls many famous global brands like Dior and Louis Vuitton, is currently experiencing a difficult situation, and therefore its head has become the ninth richest businessman in the world, not the first.
• الثقل الاقتصادي ينتقل للجنوب (The Economic Center of Gravity Shifts to the South) Despite expectations, recent geopolitical upheavals in the Middle East—especially the events of October 7 and the escalation between Iran and Israel in 2023—did not deal a severe blow to global energy markets. Compared to previous regional or major global crises like the war between Russia and Ukraine, the impact was surprisingly weak. This clear inability of oil-rich Middle Eastern countries to use their oil political leverage suggests a deeper shift in global dynamics, encouraging Western-allied countries to confidently pursue political and economic transformation in the region, according to an early PwC report.
• سوق الطاقة العالمي األكثر إحكامًا واستقرارًا »بقيادة المملكة« (Global energy market, most stringent and stable “led by the Kingdom”) The International Bank Group and the International Atomic Energy Agency signed an agreement to work together to support the safe and responsible use of nuclear energy in developing countries. The agreement was signed by the President of the World Bank Group, Ajay Banga, and the Agency’s Director General, Rafael Mariano Grossi, giving official character to the multiple interactions between the two institutions over the past year, in the first tangible step taken by the World Bank Group to re-engage in the field of nuclear power in decades. The agreement also comes within the framework of the World Bank Group’s new broader approach to energy transition, by prioritizing access to affordable and reliable electricity, and managing emissions responsibly.
• اتفاقات لدعم استخدام »الطاقة النووية« بطريقة آمنة وتكاليف معقولة (Agreements to support the safe and affordable use of “nuclear energy”) The International Bank Group and the International Atomic Energy Agency signed an agreement to work together to support the safe and responsible use of nuclear energy in developing countries. The agreement was signed by the President of the World Bank Group, Ajay Banga, and the Agency’s Director General, Rafael Mariano Grossi, giving official character to the multiple interactions between the two institutions over the past year, in the first tangible step taken by the World Bank Group to re-engage in the field of nuclear power in decades. The agreement also comes within the framework of the World Bank Group’s new broader approach to energy transition, by prioritizing access to affordable and reliable electricity, and managing emissions responsibly.
• المملكة على خريطة االستدامة العالمية (The Kingdom on the Global Sustainability Map) (Author: د. عايض بن علي القحطاني) In a new step towards the future, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s 2024 Vision 2030 achievements report revealed positive messages about the accelerating national transformation and structural progress across economic, social, and environmental sectors, precisely aligned with the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations. What has been achieved is not merely figures, but deep indicators that suggest Saudi Arabia has become a model whose vision can be read in the language of comprehensive sustainability. Among the most prominent indicators highlighted in the report is the growth in non-oil GDP exceeding 5%, compared to the global growth rate for emerging economies of about 3.9% according to World Bank data, which reflects the gradual shift from reliance on oil to a diversified economic model.
• نمو قطاع الأزياء السعودي.. ودعوات لإنشاء معاهد تدريب ومعارض دولية (Growth of Saudi fashion sector… and calls for establishing training institutes and international exhibitions) In the markets of Makkah Al-Mukarramah, among hundreds of fashion designs, the African pilgrim Muhammad Rafe’ witnessed the purchase and wearing of the Saudi thobe and agal, while his wife was busy acquiring Saudi women’s abayas and clothes. The scene witnessed by “Al-Riyadh” in the Um Al-Qura market from the African pilgrim and his wife, who consider Saudi clothing to be the most important souvenirs of the Umrah journey, is a picture that millions of pilgrims and worshipers are keen to buy, as the seller Omar Mujib told “Al-Riyadh” that they are keen on buying Saudi fashion with various designs and colors.
• المملكة تنافس لرفع إسهام الذكاء االصطناعي في الناتج المحلي لـ 130 مليار دوالر (Kingdom competes to raise AI’s contribution to GDP to $130 billion) The Saudi Arabia is in a race against time, aiming to build an advanced artificial intelligence system and establish its position in this field, as well as in technology and innovation, as part of its plans to diversify the economy. This includes investing in artificial intelligence through its sovereign fund and attracting international companies. The Kingdom’s plans in this regard aim for it to become a pivotal player in artificial intelligence technologies, moving from the role of a consumer to a producer and exporter of these advanced technologies.
• وزيرا الدفاع والداخلية يؤديان اليمين أمام البرهان (Ministers of Defense and Interior take oath before Al-Burhan) This led to the First Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan, President of the Transitional Sovereignty Council of Sudan, and Lieutenant General Hassan Daoud Al-Kayyan, being appointed Minister of Defense, and Lieutenant General Mustafa Bakri Samra as Minister of Interior, according to the Sudanese News Agency (SUNA). Following the constitutional oath ceremony, the Minister of Defense affirmed his keenness to achieve security and stability in Sudan, stating: “We will work with all state agencies, in coordination and cooperation, to achieve peace and defend the sovereignty of Sudan and meet the aspirations of the Sudanese people”.
• إسرائيل تغتال مسؤول صواريخ في »حزب الله« (Israel assassinates Hezbollah missile official) The Israeli army announced the elimination of Hassan Muhammad Hammoudi, a missile official in Hezbollah in the Bint Jbeil area in southern Lebanon, following an attack by an anti-armor drone belonging to Hezbollah in the town of Konin. An Israeli army spokesman said in a statement that Hassan Muhammad Hammoudi, a missile official in Hezbollah in the Bint Jbeil area, was eliminated, adding that “during the war, Hammoudi directed many anti-tank missile launches towards Israeli territory,” according to the Israeli Yediot Aharonot newspaper.
• هجمات روسية عنيفة على أوكرانيا (Violent Russian attacks on Ukraine) Ukrainian authorities said on Sunday that a fighter pilot of an F-16 jet was killed during a Russian attack that included hundreds of drones, ballistic missiles, and cruise missiles, as Moscow intensifies its nightly air raids in the fourth year of the war. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called on the West to provide more support to strengthen his country’s air defenses, after the attack which local authorities reported caused damage to homes and infrastructure and injured at least seven people.
• طهران تلوح بنقل مخزونها من اليورانيوم إلى دولة أخرى (Tehran hints at transferring its uranium stockpile to another country) The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Rafael Grossi, predicted that Iran might be able to start producing enriched uranium “within months”, despite the damage to its nuclear facilities due to American and Israeli attacks. What he stated to “CBS News” on June 13, and what Israel launched on Saturday, a series of attacks on military and nuclear sites, aiming to prevent the Islamic Republic from developing a nuclear weapon, despite Iran’s repeated denials of this ambition.
• القضاء التركي يبت اليوم في مصير »مؤتمر حزب الشعب الجمهوري« (Turkish judiciary rules today on the fate of “Republican People’s Party conference”) The Turkish judiciary is likely to rule today, Monday, on the cancellation of the Republican People’s Party conference, the main opposition party, in an attempt to pressure the party, which has called for widespread protests against the government. The cancellation of the conference will lead to the appointment of the party’s former leader, Kemal Kilicdaroglu, to lead it, succeeding Ozil, after his loss in the 2023 presidential elections against President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
• الهند تشن حملة ترحيل للمسلمين (India launches deportation campaign against Muslims) India has deported hundreds of people to Bangladesh without a court order, according to officials from both sides, in what activists and lawyers have described as illegal deportation operations based on ethnic profiling. New Delhi says the deportees are undocumented migrants, while Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government pursues a strict immigration policy, especially towards those coming from neighboring Muslim-majority Bangladesh.
• رواية جديدة.. تفكيك أيقونة الطيب صالح في »موسم الهجرة« (New novel… deconstructing Tayeb Salih’s icon in “Season of Migration”) In a new literary adventure where identity intersects with philosophy, literature with the present, and the past with politics, Sudanese writer Emad Al-Bleik’s novel “The Search for Mustafa Said”, recently published by “Ibeidi” publications in Egypt in its first edition for 2025, attempts to delve into the impact of the central character Mustafa Said from Tayeb Salih’s immortal novel “Season of Migration to the North”. It does so not by rewriting the text, but by contemplating the shadows it left behind and observing whether this character can be resurrected in a time when Sudan is exploding on multiple levels.
• “الدارة” تفّعل أطلس السيرة النبوية “رقمّيً ا” (Al-Darah activates the “Digital Atlas of the Prophet’s Biography”) King Abdulaziz Darah (House/Institute) launched the “Historical Atlas of the Prophet’s Biography” digitally on social media platforms: X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and Facebook; with the aim of presenting content that reviews the Prophet’s biography in a clear manner across its geographical and temporal dimensions. The accounts focus on the Atlas, which is considered one of the most prominent knowledge projects in the field of documenting the Prophet’s biography, as it combines field accuracy, scientific research, and human techniques, contributing to facilitating the understanding of the biography, and the sequence of its events, linking them to place and event.
• عبداللطيف الواصل: الرياض عاصمة ثقافية مؤثرة في العالم (Abdul Latif Al-Wasil: Riyadh, an influential cultural capital in the world) In this context, His Excellency Dr. Abdul Latif bin Abdulaziz Al-Wasil, CEO of the Literature, Publishing and Translation Authority, stressed the importance of cultural exchange as a bridge for human dialogue and enhancing identity. He stated during the Kingdom’s participation in the Buenos Aires International Book Fair 2025: “We are working to continue the creative dialogue among peoples, affirming the Kingdom’s global cultural role, and establishing Riyadh’s position as an influential literary capital on the global stage”. He added that the Authority gives special attention to qualitative participation in cultural events and aims to convey a contemporary image of Saudi culture through diverse means, and to enhance interaction with creatives around the world.
• على البال (On My Mind) (Author: محمد الرشيدي) In the new Saudi landscape, culture and arts are no longer mere manifestations of luxury; they have become one of the state’s languages. With the eighth allegiance pledge to His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, the outlines of a transformative project are becoming clear, one that has not only redrawn the map of the economy and politics but has also restored dignity to identity, beauty, and public taste, serving as soft power tools that are no less important than other tools of influence. His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, from the very first moment, did not treat culture as a marginal sector or a ceremonial extension for occasions. Rather, he treated it as a central component in a comprehensive national project. Perhaps his famous phrase in one of his monthly meetings with Western media, “I adore arts,” was not just a description of a personal taste, but a deeper understanding of his approach to building the Saudi individual, and presenting the Kingdom’s image to the world.
• “إشراقة من الظل” يحصد جائزة المهرجان العربي في تونس (“A Glimmer from the Shadows” wins Arab Festival award in Tunisia) The program “A Glimmer from the Shadows,” produced by Jeddah FM Radio, won an award at the 25th Arab Radio and Television Festival, affiliated with the Radio and Television Authority, in the youth programs category. The festival is organized by the Arab States Broadcasting Union in the Republic of Tunisia, with wide participation from Arab media institutions, focusing on virtual work and opportunities.
• “مسك للفنون” يكشف عن المشاركتين في إقامة إيطاليا (“Misk Art” reveals two participants in Italy residency) Misk Art Institute, affiliated with the Mohammed bin Salman Non-Profit Foundation “Misk”, continues the Casa Degli Artisti artistic residency program in Italy, which the institute organizes in partnership with Casa Degli Artisti, from May 5 to July 4, 2025, in Milan, Italy. This is part of the institute’s commitment to supporting Saudi artists and enabling them to develop their artistic practices on the international stage.
• “البحر األحمر” يكشف قائمة الفائزين في المنح التمويلية (“Red Sea” reveals list of grant winners) The Red Sea Fund, affiliated with the Red Sea Film Foundation, announced the list of projects winning funding grants for 2025, in its first round dedicated to supporting film projects in the post-production phase. The winning projects included narrative stories from the Arab world and Asia, reaffirming the Foundation’s commitment to supporting emerging cinematic voices.
• ديانا حداد: مهرجان “موازين” عال العال (Diana Haddad: Mawazine Festival is great) From the very first moment she ascended the Nahda Theater stage to begin her concert at the Mawazine Festival in the Moroccan capital, Rabat, the Moroccan audience received star Diana Haddad with a storm of applause and cheers that carried expressions of love and passion. She reciprocated their love with even greater affection and offered them a night full of art and surprises, so much so that even the Moroccan press described her night at the festival as exceptional, witnessing a record attendance in this edition.
• الوالدات اإلعجازية في الحكايات الخرافية الشعبية (Miraculous Births in Popular Folk Tales) In Saudi popular folk tales, there are many accounts of miraculous or extraordinary births, where a woman may suddenly become pregnant after consuming a plant or a magical fruit, or give birth without contact with any man. She might have given birth to a strange creature unlike other children; and often the arrival of such a child is preceded by despair, followed by rushing to God – glorified be He – for the fulfillment of procreation, even if the newborn is of a non-human species, such as an animal, a plant, or a ghoul, or a deformed creature.
• أمس العصر مّريت سوق الثَمّيم (Yesterday afternoon I passed by Al-Tamim market) Yesterday afternoon, I passed by Al-Tamim market. I don’t know what brought me to it, and I don’t know it, except that it is a dilapidated place from the passage of time. If I wasn’t from Tharmada’, I wouldn’t have known it.
• الشرق الأوسط ما بعد الحرب الإيرانية الإسرائيلية (The Middle East after the Iran-Israel War) The Middle East region is currently undergoing a phase of strategic transformations and the gradual reshaping of the regional alliances map, influenced by the interaction of many equations inside and outside the region, which may create a new geopolitical reality. The initial indicators of the recent swift confrontation between Israel and Iran suggest fundamental transformations in the nature of the regional conflict, where the Iranian presence shows signs of declining direct and indirect capabilities, while Israel – despite achieving tactical victories – faces a clear strategic setback despite its clear military superiority.
• مسار (Path) (Author: د. علي الخشيبان) In a world where the pace of work accelerates and definitions of professional performance and success are redefined, organizations today face a silent but extremely dangerous challenge: the departure of competencies is no longer considered a failure for the organization, but a market for better opportunities. Some work environments have transformed from internal cultures that exhaust the soul, hinder appreciation, and lose meaning, into arenas of relentless competition where those who survive are rewarded, not those who innovate, and where the voice of those who conform is heard, not those who add.
• مسار (Path) (Author: د. أريج الجهني) It is not common for International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports to carry the intensity and clarity of the concluding statement, as was observed in the praise and satisfaction regarding the Article IV consultation mission with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for 2025, or the warning. However, this time, these reports, which usually adopt a reserved tone and leave room for concern, seemed like an international certificate affirming the depth of the transformation and the seriousness and solidity of our country’s vision, despite the global upheavals and challenges it faces, as well as the cohesion of financial performance and implementation.
• اقتصاد مقاوم للصدمات الجيوسياسية.. سطور من صندوق النقد الدولي (Economy resilient to geopolitical shocks… lines from the International Monetary Fund) (Author: خالد بن علي المطرفي) The content of this article is identical to the one under the heading “مسار” by Dr. Areej Al-Juhani.
• مواقف المملكة الثابتة (The Kingdom’s Firm Stances) (Author: د. فايز بن عبدالله الشهري) The foreign policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is characterized by steadfastness and wisdom, relying on deeply rooted principles such as respect for national sovereignty, rejection of violence and extremism in all its forms, support for legitimacy, and constant pursuit of peaceful solutions to conflicts. Over decades, the Kingdom has proven its strength as a voice of reason in a turbulent world, contributing to regional and global stability.
• أخضر السيدات يخسر من الفلبين (Women’s Green loses to Philippines) The Saudi women’s national team lost to its Filipino counterpart (0-3) during their match at the National Olympic Stadium in the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh, as part of the qualifiers for the AFC Women’s Asian Cup 2026. These qualifiers mark the national team’s second official continental participation, and its first participation in the Women’s West Asian Championship 2024.
• الزعيم في مواجهة نارية أمام السيتي (The Leader in a fiery confrontation with City) At 4:00 AM on Tuesday, Saudi time, all eyes will turn to the fiery match between the nation’s representative, Al-Hilal, and the English giant, Manchester City, as part of the Round of 16 of the Club World Cup currently held in the United States. The “Camping World” stadium in Orlando will host the anticipated match between the 2021 Asian champion and the 2023 European champion, which will be of great importance, given the great ambition of Al-Hilal stars to go far in the tournament, which is being held for the first time with the participation of 32 teams.
• نيوم ينهي عالقته مع ليتاو (Neom ends relationship with Litau) Neom Sports Club announced the termination of its contractual relationship with CEO Mr. Alex Litau, based on a mutual agreement between both parties and in a framework of mutual respect and appreciation. Mr. Litau’s leadership period constituted a pivotal station in the club’s journey, as he tangibly contributed to achieving qualitative transformations, most notably the historic achievement of the club’s promotion to the Roshn Saudi League for Professionals.
• سان جيرمان يكتسح إنتر ميامي برباعية (Saint-Germain overwhelms Inter Miami with four goals) Paris Saint-Germain qualified for the quarter-finals of the Club World Cup after overwhelming Inter Miami 4-0 yesterday, Sunday, in the Round of 16 of the competition. Paris Saint-Germain took the lead in the sixth minute through Joao Neves, before the same player added the second goal in the 39th minute.
• إنتر في اختبار صعب (Inter in a difficult test) Inter Milan faces a new difficult test in the Club World Cup, currently held in the United States, as they face Brazilian Fluminense today, Monday, as part of the Round of 16 matches in the tournament. Inter Milan had qualified for the Round of 16 as the group leader with seven points collected from five in the tournament, including a 1-1 draw with Mexican Monterrey, a 2-1 win over Japanese Urawa Reds, and a 2-0 win over Argentinian River Plate.
• قطر تريد استضافة مونديال الأندية 2029 (Qatar wants to host Club World Cup 2029) The current edition of the tournament in the United States faces criticism due to the long distances between stadiums, as well as high temperatures and storms that led to the suspension of many matches, in addition to the condition of the pitch. Qatar is characterized by high temperatures in summer, which means that the tournament, if chosen to be hosted, would be held in December (winter), as Qatar hosted the 2022 World Cup between November and mid-December.
• إينزاغي يقود الهلال إلى أولى محطات نجاح الموسم الجديد (Inzaghi leads Al-Hilal to first stations of new season’s success) After a difficult season in which he lost the league title and was eliminated from the Champions League semi-finals by Al-Ahly, his compatriot, Italian Simone Inzaghi, led his new team, Al-Hilal of Saudi Arabia, to the first stations of the new season’s success by reaching the Club World Cup quarter-finals. Al-Hilal is one of the most prominent teams nominated to win the title.
• رينارد: أتحمل الخروج من الكأس الذهبية (Renard: I take responsibility for exiting the Gold Cup) Herve Renard, the coach of the Saudi national team, said in a press conference yesterday, Sunday, after the match against the Mexican team in the quarter-finals of the Gold Cup currently held in America: “I take responsibility for the loss, as I did not make the right decisions at difficult times, but this is football sometimes, and there might be regret, but it’s too late”. He pointed out that the national team players gained experience from this tournament and learned about a new style of football different from Asian football. He said: “There are gains achieved from this participation that the players will benefit from before the upcoming competitions, and the importance of competing in this stage before entering the Asian play-offs next October”.
• انطالق أنشطة كرة القدم المصغرة بجازان (Launch of mini-football activities in Jazan) The Mini Football Committee in Jazan region held a ceremony yesterday at the Chamber of Commerce Theater in Jazan, marking the launch of its programs, activities, and events. The ceremony was attended by Dr. Mohammed Al-Dossary, President of the International Mini Football Federation, along with a number of sports and community figures, and a gathering of interested men and women in mini football. The ceremony included visual presentations introducing the association and the committee in the region, in addition to a speech by the President of the International Federation, a performance by a number of male and female students, and a sports operetta presented by the popular arts troupe in the region.
• تطور هائل (Huge Development) (Author: د. مقبل بن جديع) Anyone who has witnessed Al-Hilal’s matches in the Club World Cup, and remembers the Saudi national team’s performance in the 2022 World Cup, will realize that Saudi football has transformed to a higher technical level than before. Previously, our national team and clubs played with the conviction that we were technically inferior to European teams and clubs, lacking the confidence to possess the ball.
• القرعة تضع أخضر الصاالت مع العراق وباكستان وتايبيه (Draw places Futsal Green with Iraq, Pakistan, and Taipei) The draw ceremony for the AFC Futsal Asian Cup 2026 qualifiers was held at the headquarters of the Asian Football Confederation in the Malaysian capital, Kuala Lumpur. The draw resulted in the national futsal team being placed in Group D, alongside the teams of Iraq, Pakistan, and Chinese Taipei. These qualifiers will be held from September 20 to 24, 2025, and qualify teams for the continental finals scheduled in Indonesia in 2026.
• أرقام صادمة بعد هزيمة »الأخضر« أمام المكسيك (Shocking numbers after Al-Akhdar’s defeat to Mexico) The Saudi national team lost to its Mexican counterpart by two clean goals in the quarter-finals of the CONCACAF Gold Cup 2025, which is hosted by the United States. The match, held on Sunday, June 29, was the first defeat for the Saudi national team against Mexico in its history.
• إنجاز عالمي.. طلبة المملكة في أولمبياد البلقان للرياضيات (Global achievement… Kingdom’s students in Balkan Mathematics Olympiad) Six students from the Kingdom achieved a new global accomplishment by winning 6 international medals in the 29th edition of the 2025 Balkan Junior Mathematics Olympiad, held in North Macedonia from June 24 to 29, with the participation of 135 male and female students from 23 countries around the world. The Kingdom’s students won two gold medals, two silver medals, and two bronze medals, reaffirming their competitive scientific ability at the international level.
• ضبط 13532 مخالفًا للإقامة والعمل وأمن الحدود (Arrest of 13532 violators of residency, labor, and border security laws) Currently, 11,908 foreign violators of residency, labor, and border security laws are undergoing legal procedures, including 10,783 men and 1,125 women. Additionally, 6,225 violators were referred to their diplomatic missions, and 2,072 violators were referred to complete travel arrangements and obtain travel documents, while 9,479 violators were deported.
• إنقاذ مواطنين من الغرق في القحمة (Rescue of citizens from drowning in Al-Qahma) Search and rescue teams of the Border Guard in Al-Qahma rescued two citizens from Aseer region whose boat broke down in the middle of the sea, and assistance was provided to them. The General Directorate of Border Guard urged adherence to maritime safety instructions and ensuring the safety of vessels before sailing.
• الـورل الصـحـراوي (The Desert Monitor) The Desert Monitor (Varanus griseus) is considered one of the largest reptiles living in the deserts of the Kingdom, and one of the most adaptable to the desert environment. It is widely found in various areas of the King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve, and plays a significant and important role in maintaining environmental balance. It is characterized by its large body, which can reach over one meter in length, its strong adorned head, slender tail, and strong teeth, which it uses for defense.

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By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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