Month: July 2025

  • Top Remote Side Hustles for Extra Income

    Top Remote Side Hustles for Extra Income

    Imagine turning your spare hours into a powerful engine for extra income without leaving your home. In today’s rapidly evolving digital economy, remote side hustles have become more than just a trend — they are a strategic way to diversify income streams, enhance skills, and achieve greater financial security. For many professionals, the allure of building a flexible, self-directed income source is hard to resist, especially when traditional work arrangements often fail to provide the desired freedom and balance.

    The rise of technological advancements and the global shift toward remote work have shattered geographical boundaries, allowing individuals to leverage their unique talents and expertise on a worldwide scale. As Thomas L. Friedman suggests in The World Is Flat, the digital revolution has leveled the playing field, enabling anyone with an internet connection to compete and collaborate globally. This democratization of opportunity invites knowledge workers, creatives, and entrepreneurs alike to explore diverse avenues of side income that complement their main career paths.

    In this post, we’ll explore the most promising remote side hustles for boosting your earnings and professional growth. Each option offers a chance not only to earn money but also to cultivate meaningful skills and connect with communities that share your passions. As Cal Newport argues in So Good They Can’t Ignore You, pursuing work that aligns with your deeper interests and talents can transform your side hustle into a rewarding lifelong pursuit.

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    1- Freelance Writing

    Freelance writing stands out as one of the most versatile and intellectually stimulating side hustles available today. Whether crafting blog posts, white papers, technical guides, or thought leadership articles, writers can shape narratives that influence readers worldwide. With the surge in content marketing, companies are constantly seeking skilled writers to help them engage audiences and build brand authority. This demand makes freelance writing a viable option for those who possess a strong command of language and enjoy translating complex ideas into compelling prose.

    Moreover, freelance writing offers unmatched flexibility. You can write from any corner of the world, at any hour that fits your schedule. As William Zinsser famously stated in On Writing Well, “Writing is thinking on paper.” For those who enjoy clarity of thought and creative expression, freelance writing not only brings in extra income but also sharpens critical thinking and research abilities.


    2- Virtual Tutoring

    The global appetite for online learning has exploded in recent years, creating lucrative opportunities for virtual tutors. From academic subjects to specialized skills like coding or language instruction, there’s a vast market for personalized online education. By leveraging your expertise, you can make a tangible difference in students’ lives while generating a steady income.

    Virtual tutoring also allows professionals to reconnect with their academic passions and share knowledge in a one-on-one setting. As Salman Khan emphasizes in The One World Schoolhouse, the shift toward personalized, online instruction empowers both tutors and learners to work at their own pace, fostering deeper understanding and confidence. This side hustle also offers the flexibility to teach on your terms, making it ideal for busy schedules.


    3- Graphic Design

    Graphic design is a powerful way to transform ideas into visual stories that captivate and persuade. With businesses continuously striving to stand out in a crowded digital marketplace, the demand for talented designers remains strong. From creating logos to social media graphics and marketing materials, freelance designers enjoy a wide array of creative projects that can be monetized remotely.

    Engaging in graphic design as a side hustle can be deeply satisfying for those who have an eye for aesthetics and a passion for visual communication. As Paula Scher famously noted, “It’s through mistakes that you actually can grow. You have to get bad in order to get good.” Continuous learning and experimentation can help you develop a unique design style that becomes your professional signature. Steal Like an Artist by Austin Kleon offers further inspiration for those looking to nurture their creative voice.


    4- Social Media Management

    Social media management combines creativity, strategy, and analytics — making it an ideal side hustle for those who enjoy both storytelling and data. Businesses large and small seek experts to handle their online presence, craft engaging content, and build communities that drive brand loyalty. With the right skills, you can work with clients across the globe, often from the comfort of your home office.

    This side hustle also provides valuable experience in digital marketing and brand strategy. As Seth Godin explains in This Is Marketing, successful brands don’t just sell products; they build trust and tell stories that resonate with their audiences. By managing social media for diverse clients, you not only earn extra income but also hone the ability to shape digital narratives and analyze engagement metrics effectively.


    5- Online Course Creation

    Creating and selling online courses can transform your specialized knowledge into a profitable digital asset. From photography to business strategy and wellness coaching, learners around the world are eager to gain new skills through self-paced online education. By packaging your expertise into structured lessons, you create a scalable income stream that can generate revenue long after the initial work is done.

    The process of designing a course also encourages you to distill your knowledge into clear, impactful content. As Peter Drucker argued, “Knowledge has to be improved, challenged, and increased constantly, or it vanishes.” Sharing your expertise not only solidifies your own understanding but also positions you as an authority in your field. For further insight into creating impactful educational content, Make It Stick by Brown, Roediger, and McDaniel offers evidence-based strategies for effective teaching.


    6- Affiliate Marketing

    Affiliate marketing offers a low-barrier entry into the world of online business and can provide a passive income stream over time. By promoting products or services through your blog, website, or social media, you earn commissions on sales generated through your unique referral links. This model allows you to monetize your content and audience without the need to create your own products.

    Strategic affiliate marketing requires authentic recommendations and trust-building with your audience. As Robert Cialdini discusses in Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, credibility and relatability are key drivers of purchasing decisions. Focusing on products aligned with your niche and values ensures long-term success and fosters deeper engagement with your followers.


    7- Consulting

    Consulting provides an opportunity to leverage your professional expertise to help organizations solve problems, improve processes, or develop new strategies. Whether your background is in finance, marketing, HR, or IT, businesses often seek external perspectives to gain a competitive edge. Consulting as a side hustle allows you to work on high-impact projects without committing to a full-time consultancy role.

    This path can also strengthen your professional reputation and expand your network. As Herminia Ibarra notes in Working Identity, stepping into consulting assignments can help you experiment with new roles and explore different industries. The combination of intellectual challenge and financial reward makes consulting an attractive side hustle for seasoned professionals.


    8- Podcasting

    Podcasting has become a vibrant medium for sharing ideas, stories, and expertise with a global audience. With relatively low startup costs and the ability to reach niche markets, podcasting can generate income through sponsorships, advertising, and premium content. More importantly, it allows you to build a loyal community around topics you care deeply about.

    Starting a podcast enhances your communication and storytelling skills. As Brene Brown emphasizes in Dare to Lead, “Clear is kind. Unclear is unkind.” Podcasting demands clarity and authenticity, which strengthens your ability to engage listeners and convey complex ideas in an accessible way. This side hustle is ideal for professionals who enjoy meaningful dialogue and building thought leadership.


    9- Translation Services

    For multilingual professionals, translation services offer a fulfilling and financially rewarding side hustle. With globalization accelerating cross-border communication, demand for high-quality translation continues to grow in industries such as legal, medical, and technical fields. Providing accurate translations helps bridge cultural divides and supports international collaboration.

    In addition to income, translation work can deepen your appreciation for linguistic nuance and cultural context. As David Bellos writes in Is That a Fish in Your Ear?, translation is not just about words but about conveying meaning and intent faithfully. This side hustle suits detail-oriented individuals who delight in precision and enjoy working with language.


    10- Blogging

    Blogging remains a powerful platform for sharing expertise, shaping public opinion, and generating income through ads, sponsorships, and affiliate links. With the right content strategy, bloggers can build a loyal readership that translates into consistent revenue streams.

    Moreover, blogging helps you develop your personal brand and establish authority in your field. As Ann Handley notes in Everybody Writes, writing well is a foundational skill for modern communication and marketing. Consistent, thoughtful blogging can open doors to new professional opportunities and collaborations beyond direct monetization.


    11- Online Store (E-commerce)

    Running an online store allows you to sell products directly to a global audience. Whether you create handmade crafts, design digital templates, or curate specialty goods, e-commerce platforms like Shopify and Etsy provide robust tools to get started.

    Operating an online store also teaches you valuable skills in digital marketing, customer service, and supply chain management. As Reid Hoffman suggests in The Startup of You, adopting an entrepreneurial mindset empowers you to pivot, learn quickly, and adapt to new opportunities. E-commerce can be both financially rewarding and personally empowering.


    12- Voice-over Work

    Voice-over work is an exciting side hustle for those with strong vocal presence and articulation skills. From audiobooks and commercials to e-learning modules and video games, demand for professional voice talent is rising.

    This work sharpens your vocal technique and offers opportunities to engage creatively with diverse scripts and characters. As Julie Andrews put it, “Words, particularly the spoken word, possess power.” Voice-over artists bring stories to life and influence audiences through tone, emotion, and delivery. There’s Money Where Your Mouth Is by Elaine A. Clark is an excellent resource for those interested in developing a voice-over career.


    13- Stock Photography

    Stock photography enables skilled photographers to monetize their visual creativity by licensing images for use in marketing, editorial, and commercial projects. With millions of websites, blogs, and businesses needing visual content, high-quality images are in constant demand.

    In addition to earning passive income, stock photography encourages photographers to explore diverse subjects and refine their technical skills. As Susan Sontag wrote in On Photography, “To photograph is to appropriate the thing photographed.” This practice allows you to capture the world’s beauty while building a sustainable side income stream.


    14- Data Entry

    Data entry remains a straightforward and accessible side hustle for those seeking flexible remote work. Businesses require accurate data processing for tasks such as updating databases, managing inventories, and digitizing records.

    While it may seem monotonous, data entry offers a dependable income source and requires minimal startup costs. It also improves attention to detail and organizational skills, which are valuable in any professional context. For those who prefer predictable, task-oriented work, data entry is a practical choice.


    15- Transcription

    Transcription involves converting audio or video recordings into written text and is widely used in legal, medical, and media industries. This side hustle offers flexibility and can be done entirely from home, making it ideal for those with excellent listening skills and fast typing abilities.

    Beyond income, transcription work develops focus and active listening — skills that enhance overall communication abilities. As Walter Ong explored in Orality and Literacy, the transition from spoken to written word shapes how we understand and process information. For knowledge workers, this side hustle offers both intellectual stimulation and practical benefits.


    16- App Testing

    App testing is a side hustle that allows tech-savvy individuals to evaluate new software before public release. Companies rely on user feedback to identify bugs, improve usability, and enhance overall quality.

    Participating in app testing keeps you engaged with emerging technologies and trends. It also cultivates critical thinking and analytical skills as you assess user experience from different perspectives. For further exploration of user-centered design, Don’t Make Me Think by Steve Krug provides valuable insights.


    17- Dropshipping

    Dropshipping enables entrepreneurs to sell products online without holding inventory, partnering instead with suppliers who handle storage and shipping. This model reduces upfront costs and operational complexity, making it attractive for side hustlers.

    Success in dropshipping depends on strategic product selection and effective digital marketing. As Eric Ries discusses in The Lean Startup, testing assumptions and iterating quickly are essential to building sustainable ventures. Dropshipping offers a compelling avenue for learning entrepreneurship hands-on while generating income.


    18- Remote Customer Service

    Remote customer service roles allow individuals to support customers from anywhere in the world. These positions range from answering inquiries to handling technical support and building client relationships.

    Providing excellent customer service strengthens communication, empathy, and problem-solving skills — competencies that are valuable in every career. As Tony Hsieh highlighted in Delivering Happiness, exceptional service creates loyal customers and fosters long-term business success. This side hustle offers stable work with human connection at its core.


    19- Copyediting and Proofreading

    Copyediting and proofreading are essential services for businesses, authors, and academics who need polished, error-free writing. With the proliferation of online content, demand for skilled editors has never been higher.

    This work hones your attention to detail and deepens your understanding of language and style. As William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White noted in The Elements of Style, “Vigorous writing is concise.” Copyediting empowers you to help others communicate clearly and persuasively while earning a reliable side income.


    20- Remote Research Assistance

    Providing remote research assistance involves supporting professionals, academics, or businesses by gathering data, synthesizing findings, and creating reports. This role is perfect for analytical thinkers who enjoy deep dives into complex subjects.

    Research assistance not only provides a revenue stream but also cultivates critical analysis, problem-solving, and writing skills. As Edward Tufte emphasized in The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, presenting research clearly is as important as conducting it. This side hustle is ideal for intellectually curious individuals seeking meaningful, impactful work.


    21- Freelance Writer

    The role of a freelance writer extends beyond simply crafting words; it involves shaping narratives that influence, educate, and inspire audiences. In an age where content is king, businesses, nonprofits, and individuals constantly seek writers who can deliver clarity and creativity across diverse formats. Freelance writers enjoy the autonomy to choose projects that align with their interests and values, enabling them to cultivate a versatile portfolio.

    Freelance writing is also a powerful avenue for developing one’s analytical and research skills. As George Orwell argued in Why I Write, writing can be “a struggle to see things as they are.” Through rigorous exploration and thoughtful articulation, freelance writers not only earn income but also deepen their intellectual engagement with the world.


    22- Express Writers

    Express Writers is a content agency that connects skilled writers with businesses looking for high-quality content. This platform offers opportunities for writers to work on a wide variety of topics, from marketing copy to in-depth blog articles. Such diversity not only helps sharpen writing skills but also broadens one’s understanding of different industries.

    Writers working with agencies like Express Writers benefit from a steady stream of assignments and professional support systems. As Anne Lamott emphasizes in Bird by Bird, writing is about taking small steps and allowing your craft to evolve. By collaborating with established agencies, writers can focus on their craft while building a reliable income source.


    23- Guru

    Guru is a popular freelance marketplace that connects professionals with clients across the globe. Writers, designers, developers, and consultants alike can showcase their expertise and secure projects that match their skill sets. By enabling direct collaboration and flexible work arrangements, Guru empowers professionals to create a customized career path.

    Building a strong presence on Guru requires a combination of technical excellence and persuasive self-presentation. As Daniel Pink discusses in To Sell Is Human, selling is an essential skill in every profession, including freelancing. Crafting an authentic, compelling profile is crucial for attracting high-quality clients and maximizing earnings.


    24- PeoplePerHour

    PeoplePerHour offers freelancers a global stage to sell their services in writing, design, tech, and more. Its unique proposal-based system allows professionals to bid on projects that fit their skills and interests, fostering a competitive yet dynamic environment.

    Success on PeoplePerHour demands strategic positioning and excellent client communication. As Seth Godin suggests in Purple Cow, standing out is key in any crowded marketplace. Freelancers who emphasize their unique value proposition and consistently deliver exceptional results are best positioned to thrive.


    25- ProBlogger

    ProBlogger is a job board dedicated to connecting writers with blogging opportunities. Ideal for those passionate about content marketing, niche blogging, and thought leadership, it offers projects ranging from short blog posts to comprehensive editorial strategies.

    Writing for established blogs can significantly enhance your professional credibility and audience reach. As Jeff Goins notes in You Are a Writer (So Start Acting Like One), owning your identity as a writer is the first step toward building a successful career. ProBlogger serves as a vital platform for writers looking to make their mark.


    26- Virtual Assistant

    A virtual assistant (VA) provides administrative, technical, or creative support to clients remotely. Tasks might include managing emails, scheduling meetings, handling social media, or conducting research. This role is perfect for highly organized individuals looking to monetize their multitasking skills.

    The demand for VAs has surged as entrepreneurs and busy executives seek reliable support without the overhead of in-house staff. As Tim Ferriss discusses in The 4-Hour Workweek, delegating effectively can unlock time and enhance productivity. VAs are at the heart of this modern approach to business efficiency.


    27- BELAY

    BELAY is a company specializing in connecting remote professionals with businesses needing virtual assistance, bookkeeping, and social media management. Working with BELAY allows VAs to focus on delivering high-quality work while the company handles client acquisition and contracts.

    BELAY emphasizes values-driven service and professional development, creating an environment where assistants can thrive. As Stephen Covey notes in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, proactivity and continual improvement are critical for success. BELAY embodies this philosophy, making it an excellent choice for VAs.


    28- Byron

    Byron offers flexible virtual assistant services on a subscription basis, providing opportunities for VAs to work on diverse projects for clients ranging from startups to large corporations. This variety keeps the work stimulating and enables assistants to develop a broad skill set.

    Byron’s model empowers VAs to focus on quality rather than client sourcing, fostering long-term professional growth. As Peter Drucker remarked, “Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing the right things.” Byron’s system allows VAs to achieve both.


    29- Flex Professionals

    Flex Professionals focuses on connecting skilled part-time professionals with businesses seeking flexible talent. The platform offers roles in administration, finance, marketing, and more, allowing professionals to align work with their lifestyles.

    This arrangement provides a pathway for individuals returning to the workforce or seeking better work-life balance. In Designing Your Life, Bill Burnett and Dave Evans argue that designing a fulfilling career involves aligning your values with your work. Flex Professionals supports this philosophy by championing flexible, meaningful employment.


    30- My BTLR

    My BTLR specializes in providing executive virtual assistance tailored to individual client needs. This boutique service emphasizes personalized support, often involving higher-level tasks such as project management and strategic planning.

    Working with My BTLR allows VAs to engage in more impactful work and build deep professional relationships. As Adam Grant highlights in Give and Take, helping others effectively can lead to greater long-term success and satisfaction. My BTLR exemplifies this principle by fostering trusted partnerships.


    31- Time etc.

    Time etc. matches experienced virtual assistants with entrepreneurs and executives seeking help with tasks ranging from diary management to content creation. Their rigorous vetting ensures high-quality service and professional trust.

    Time etc. also invests in continuous professional development, equipping VAs with tools and training to excel. As Jim Collins states in Good to Great, the right people in the right roles drive success. Time etc. embodies this by matching talented assistants to purposeful work.


    32- Graphic Designer

    A remote graphic designer crafts visual content that elevates brand identities and communicates messages effectively. From web design to infographics and marketing materials, this work is ideal for visually inclined professionals seeking flexible, creative side income.

    Graphic design allows professionals to continuously experiment and evolve their artistic style. As Milton Glaser famously said, “There are three responses to a piece of design — yes, no, and WOW!” Designers strive for that “wow” factor, creating memorable work that resonates with audiences.


    33- Authentic Jobs

    Authentic Jobs is a job board for designers, developers, and creative professionals seeking freelance or remote opportunities. It is renowned for high-quality listings, often featuring startups and innovative companies.

    Using Authentic Jobs can help designers find projects that align with their creative ambitions and professional goals. In Creative Confidence by Tom and David Kelley, the importance of pursuing projects that inspire passion and innovation is emphasized — a principle Authentic Jobs supports through its curated opportunities.


    34- Behance

    Behance is a leading platform for showcasing creative work and connecting with potential clients globally. Designers can create detailed portfolios that highlight their skills, style, and completed projects.

    Beyond client work, Behance offers an inspiring community where creatives can exchange feedback and gain exposure. As Elizabeth Gilbert writes in Big Magic, creativity thrives in community and courage. Behance embodies this ethos, empowering designers to share boldly.


    35- Coroflot

    Coroflot is a career platform dedicated to connecting designers with innovative companies. It allows creatives to publish portfolios and apply for freelance or remote design roles.

    The platform emphasizes quality over quantity, fostering meaningful matches between talent and opportunity. As Don Norman notes in The Design of Everyday Things, great design merges usability with aesthetics. Coroflot supports designers in finding work that embodies these ideals.


    36- Fiverr

    Fiverr offers creatives a marketplace to sell design services ranging from logos to custom illustrations. While often associated with lower-cost gigs, many skilled designers build thriving businesses by differentiating their offerings and developing premium services.

    Succeeding on Fiverr demands clear branding and exceptional customer service. As Simon Sinek emphasizes in Start With Why, communicating the “why” behind your work attracts loyal clients. Designers who highlight their purpose and passion stand out on Fiverr’s crowded platform.


    37- Customer Service Representative

    Remote customer service roles involve addressing inquiries, resolving issues, and providing information to clients across industries. This role is ideal for empathetic, patient communicators who enjoy helping others.

    Working in customer service builds valuable soft skills and enhances resilience. As Dale Carnegie notes in How to Win Friends and Influence People, genuine care and effective listening are keys to building trust. Customer service embodies these principles daily.


    38- Apple

    Apple offers remote support roles for customer service and technical assistance, providing extensive training and professional development. Employees benefit from a strong brand reputation and structured support systems.

    Apple emphasizes innovation and customer-centricity. As Steve Jobs famously said, “Get closer than ever to your customers. So close that you tell them what they need well before they realize it themselves.” Working at Apple immerses employees in this ethos.


    39- Concentrix

    Concentrix provides remote customer support for diverse global clients, offering roles that range from technical support to sales assistance. Employees receive comprehensive training and opportunities for career progression.

    Concentrix focuses on delivering human-centered customer experiences. As Joseph Pine and James Gilmore explore in The Experience Economy, creating memorable interactions is a competitive differentiator. Concentrix embodies this approach in its service philosophy.


    40- TTEC

    TTEC offers remote customer service and technical support positions, emphasizing personalized, high-quality client experiences. The company invests in training and technology to enable effective remote work.

    Working at TTEC enhances problem-solving and communication skills while offering stable remote employment. As Zeynep Ton discusses in The Good Jobs Strategy, investing in employee development results in better customer outcomes — a principle TTEC actively practices.


    41- U-Haul

    U-Haul offers remote positions for customer service agents who assist clients with reservations, moving services, and product information. These roles provide flexible schedules and comprehensive training.

    U-Haul’s focus on accessibility and support aligns with the value of building community trust. As Patrick Lencioni highlights in The Advantage, organizational health and customer trust are deeply interconnected — something U-Haul prioritizes in its remote service.


    42- Williams Sonoma

    Williams Sonoma hires remote customer service agents to assist with orders, product inquiries, and issue resolution. Employees receive robust support and seasonal or year-round opportunities.

    This role emphasizes delivering premium service in line with the brand’s high standards. As Shep Hyken writes in The Cult of the Customer, consistently exceeding expectations fosters brand loyalty. Williams Sonoma embodies this philosophy in its customer interactions.


    43- Data Entry Clerk

    Remote data entry clerks update databases, manage records, and ensure data accuracy. This role is ideal for detail-oriented individuals seeking flexible, task-focused work.

    While straightforward, data entry strengthens precision and focus — critical skills in today’s information-driven economy. As Daniel Levitin explores in The Organized Mind, managing information effectively is an essential 21st-century competency.


    44- Amazon Mechanical Turk

    Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) provides microtask-based data entry and research assignments. Workers complete small tasks like categorizing images or transcribing data for quick, incremental earnings.

    MTurk offers an entry point to flexible remote work while developing consistency and reliability. In Drive, Daniel Pink emphasizes the importance of autonomy and task mastery for motivation — attributes central to succeeding on MTurk.


    45- Axion Data Services

    Axion Data Services hires experienced data entry professionals for long-term remote roles. The company values accuracy and confidentiality, making it ideal for meticulous workers.

    Working with Axion provides stability and the chance to develop deep expertise in data management. As Thomas Davenport explains in Competing on Analytics, high-quality data is the foundation for sound decision-making — a value central to Axion’s mission.


    46- Kelly Services

    Kelly Services offers remote data entry positions, supporting clients across various sectors. These roles often involve additional administrative responsibilities, providing growth opportunities.

    Kelly Services emphasizes flexibility and skill development, aligning with today’s demand for adaptable talent. As Charles Handy describes in The Age of Unreason, organizations thrive when they embrace new working models and empower individuals.


    47- Robert Half

    Robert Half connects professionals to remote data entry and administrative roles in diverse industries. Their staffing model supports both short-term and ongoing assignments, offering flexibility and exposure to different sectors.

    Robert Half is known for its commitment to professional growth and ethical placement practices. In The Trusted Advisor, David Maister highlights that trust and integrity are vital to building enduring professional relationships — principles upheld by Robert Half.


    48- Complete Short Tasks

    Short task platforms allow individuals to earn by completing quick assignments, from app testing to surveys and micro-writing gigs. This is ideal for those looking to supplement income with minimal commitment.

    Completing short tasks can sharpen adaptability and time management. As Tim Harford discusses in Adapt, flexibility and quick learning are crucial for navigating uncertain environments — skills developed through micro-tasking.


    49- Appen

    Appen offers tasks related to AI training, data annotation, and linguistic analysis. These roles are perfect for tech-curious individuals interested in the intersection of language and technology.

    Working with Appen enhances analytical thinking and provides insight into AI development. As Kai-Fu Lee explores in AI Superpowers, human input remains critical for training effective AI systems — a contribution Appen workers make daily.


    50- Gigwalk

    Gigwalk connects gig workers to local tasks such as retail audits, mystery shopping, and event documentation. Tasks are often short and can be done on a flexible schedule.

    This platform combines remote flexibility with real-world engagement, offering variety and exploration. As Chris Guillebeau writes in The $100 Startup, small, agile projects can lead to surprising new opportunities and personal growth.


    51- TELUS

    TELUS International offers remote roles in data annotation, AI training, and content moderation. These projects help refine the quality and accuracy of emerging technologies.

    Working for TELUS develops precision and global collaboration skills. As Thomas Friedman emphasizes in Thank You for Being Late, adaptation and lifelong learning are crucial in the age of acceleration — values embodied by TELUS’s flexible roles.


    51- Transcriber

    Transcribers transform audio and video recordings into written documents, a skill crucial in journalism, research, and media production. This side hustle is ideal for meticulous individuals with excellent listening and typing skills.

    Transcription work enhances concentration and strengthens language proficiency. As Walter Ong discusses in Orality and Literacy, transcribing is an act of bridging spoken and written traditions, providing a deeper understanding of communication nuances and narrative forms.


    52- CrowdSurf

    CrowdSurf offers micro-transcription tasks designed to improve video accessibility for the hearing impaired. Tasks include captioning and segmenting content, providing quick opportunities to earn remotely.

    CrowdSurf promotes inclusivity, giving workers a sense of social impact alongside financial rewards. As Sherry Turkle explains in Reclaiming Conversation, technology should connect and empower us, and platforms like CrowdSurf enable workers to contribute to this mission.


    53- Rev

    Rev is a leading platform for transcription, captions, and translations, offering flexible, project-based work. Workers choose assignments according to their skills and availability, allowing for a highly personalized work schedule.

    Rev workers often develop strong language and editorial skills through constant practice. As William Zinsser asserts in On Writing Well, clarity and simplicity are the hallmarks of great writing — skills honed during meticulous transcription work at Rev.


    54- TranscribeMe

    TranscribeMe focuses on short audio segments, making it an approachable platform for beginners in transcription. With competitive pay and opportunities for specialization, it appeals to those looking to enter the transcription industry.

    The platform supports workers in developing attention to detail and multitasking skills. In Deep Work, Cal Newport emphasizes the value of intense focus — a principle perfectly embodied in high-quality transcription tasks.


    55- Website Tester

    Website testers assess user experience, functionality, and design, providing vital feedback for companies seeking to optimize their online presence. This work is perfect for those who enjoy exploring digital products and offering constructive criticism.

    Testing websites sharpens observational and analytical skills. As Don Norman explores in The Design of Everyday Things, good design starts with understanding user behavior, a perspective testers bring to each assignment.


    56- UserTesting

    UserTesting connects testers with companies seeking feedback on websites, apps, and prototypes. Testers record their experience, narrating thoughts aloud to help developers improve usability.

    Working with UserTesting builds empathy and communication skills, as workers learn to articulate the user perspective clearly. As Steve Krug emphasizes in Don’t Make Me Think, usability is about making things self-evident — an insight central to this work.


    57- Ferpection

    Ferpection offers detailed user research assignments that involve giving written feedback on website and app experiences. Tasks can be completed at your own pace, offering great flexibility.

    Ferpection values thoroughness and critical thinking, empowering testers to contribute to product refinement. In Hooked by Nir Eyal, the importance of user-centered design for product success is highlighted — a focus shared by Ferpection’s mission.


    58- Online Surveys

    Participating in online surveys is a flexible side hustle that allows individuals to share opinions on products, services, and trends in exchange for rewards or cash. This work suits those who enjoy voicing their views and influencing market research.

    Online surveys help develop reflective thinking and market awareness. As Daniel Kahneman points out in Thinking, Fast and Slow, understanding human judgment is key to effective market insights — a concept at the core of survey-based side hustles.


    59- Swagbucks

    Swagbucks offers various ways to earn, including surveys, watching videos, and shopping online. The platform provides a gamified experience, making it more engaging for users looking to supplement their income casually.

    Using Swagbucks encourages exploration of digital marketing and consumer behavior. As Jonah Berger explains in Contagious, understanding what drives user engagement is critical in today’s economy — insights you can glean through Swagbucks participation.


    60- InboxDollars

    InboxDollars rewards users for activities such as reading emails, playing games, and taking surveys. Its broad range of tasks caters to different interests, allowing users to choose what suits them best.

    This platform is a gentle introduction to online earning and encourages digital literacy. In The Attention Merchants, Tim Wu discusses how our attention has become a valuable commodity — a concept reflected in platforms like InboxDollars.


    61- Branded Surveys

    Branded Surveys specializes in market research, offering cash rewards for completing detailed surveys. Participants join a community where they can influence business decisions while earning extra income.

    Working with Branded Surveys fosters analytical thinking and sharpens evaluative skills. As Philip Kotler discusses in Marketing Management, consumer feedback is the cornerstone of strategic decisions — a principle embraced by this platform.


    62- Online Tutor

    Online tutoring connects educators with students globally to support subjects ranging from math to languages. This role is perfect for those who enjoy sharing knowledge and fostering academic growth.

    Tutoring sharpens communication and pedagogical skills, providing a fulfilling intellectual challenge. As Parker J. Palmer emphasizes in The Courage to Teach, teaching is an act of connection and authenticity — values integral to online tutoring.


    63- Course Hero

    Course Hero offers tutors the opportunity to help students with course-specific questions and study materials. Tutors can set their schedules and focus on subjects they are passionate about.

    The platform allows educators to build their teaching portfolio and earn flexibly. As Ken Bain highlights in What the Best College Teachers Do, great teaching is about sparking curiosity — a goal shared by Course Hero tutors.

    64- Skooli

    Skooli offers live, one-on-one tutoring sessions using an interactive whiteboard and video chat. This format allows educators to tailor lessons precisely to each student’s needs, fostering a more impactful learning experience.

    Tutoring on Skooli helps sharpen adaptability and real-time problem-solving skills. As John Hattie discusses in Visible Learning, feedback is one of the most powerful influences on student achievement — and Skooli tutors are in a prime position to deliver it effectively.


    65- Studypool

    Studypool connects students with tutors to get help on specific homework questions and academic topics. Tutors bid on questions, allowing them to select work that matches their expertise and interests.

    This platform empowers educators to monetize their knowledge flexibly and cultivate global teaching experience. In Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning, Brown, Roediger, and McDaniel argue that spaced, targeted feedback enhances retention — exactly what Studypool aims to deliver.


    66- Focus Group Participant

    Participating in focus groups allows individuals to provide in-depth feedback on products and services, influencing corporate strategies. Compensation is often generous compared to surveys.

    This role enhances skills in articulation and critical analysis. As Clay Shirky explores in Cognitive Surplus, the value of collective insight is transforming industries — focus groups exemplify this shift toward participatory innovation.


    67- Respondent

    Respondent connects participants with high-paying research studies, including interviews and product testing. It is ideal for those who enjoy sharing professional or consumer insights.

    Participation develops one’s ability to articulate nuanced opinions and understand market dynamics. In The Wisdom of Crowds, James Surowiecki highlights how diverse individual perspectives can converge to shape better outcomes — a concept core to Respondent’s approach.


    68- User Interviews

    User Interviews links individuals with researchers conducting usability studies and consumer feedback sessions. Assignments often pay well and cover a broad array of industries.

    This side hustle hones interpretative and communication skills while exposing participants to emerging products and trends. As Eric Ries describes in The Lean Startup, early user feedback is essential for innovation — user interviews play a vital role in this feedback loop.


    69- Survey Junkie

    Survey Junkie enables users to earn rewards for completing surveys tailored to their demographics. The platform’s user-friendly interface makes it an attractive option for earning supplemental income.

    Through consistent participation, individuals can better understand consumer psychology and market research methods. As Gerald Zaltman reveals in How Customers Think, unlocking the subconscious drivers of decision-making is key — a process Survey Junkie helps illuminate.


    70- Translator

    Translators bridge language barriers by converting content accurately while preserving nuance and cultural context. This side hustle suits multilingual individuals looking to monetize their linguistic skills.

    Translation work deepens understanding of cross-cultural communication and linguistic precision. As Umberto Eco discusses in Mouse or Rat? Translation as Negotiation, translation is an interpretive act requiring both fidelity and creativity — skills every translator must master.


    71- Welocalize

    Welocalize offers translation and localization services for global businesses, covering everything from marketing materials to technical documents.

    Working with Welocalize builds expertise in global communication and helps translators refine their craft in specialized industries. As Lawrence Venuti argues in The Translator’s Invisibility, good translation requires balancing fluency and faithfulness to the source — a principle Welocalize champions.


    72- Acolad

    Acolad connects linguists with translation, editing, and localization projects across various fields. The company values both language skills and subject matter expertise.

    This platform allows professionals to engage deeply with specialized content, enhancing their ability to communicate complex ideas. As David Bellos writes in Is That a Fish in Your Ear?, translation is crucial for global discourse and understanding, echoing Acolad’s mission.


    73- Start a Print-on-Demand Business

    Print-on-demand (POD) businesses let creatives sell customized merchandise without upfront inventory costs. Entrepreneurs upload designs, and items are printed and shipped per order.

    This model reduces risk while enabling artistic expression and entrepreneurial growth. In The Lean Startup, Eric Ries emphasizes minimizing waste and validating ideas early — principles embodied in the POD approach.


    74- Spreadshirt

    Spreadshirt allows designers to sell custom apparel and accessories through a global marketplace. Creatives can reach a wide audience without worrying about production logistics.

    It helps artists learn about branding, digital marketing, and customer engagement. As Seth Godin states in Purple Cow, standing out in a crowded marketplace is vital — Spreadshirt empowers artists to do exactly that.


    75- Printify

    Printify integrates with e-commerce platforms to help creators launch and manage print-on-demand stores. Entrepreneurs can choose from a wide range of products and global print providers.

    This platform teaches valuable skills in supply chain management and online retail. In Contagious, Jonah Berger discusses how compelling stories and distinctive products drive word-of-mouth marketing — lessons Printify sellers can apply directly.


    76- Spring

    Spring (formerly Teespring) empowers creators to design and sell merchandise directly to their audience, integrating with social media platforms for marketing.

    It helps individuals cultivate brand loyalty and strengthen their online presence. As Gary Vaynerchuk shares in Crushing It!, authenticity and personal connection are key to building a successful brand — values Spring embodies.


    77- Teach English Online

    Teaching English online offers a rewarding way to connect with global learners while earning from home. Many platforms provide curriculum support and flexible scheduling.

    This role refines intercultural communication skills and strengthens pedagogical approaches. As Paulo Freire writes in Pedagogy of the Oppressed, education is a practice of freedom — a philosophy well suited to online language teaching.


    78- Education First (EF)

    Education First offers online English teaching opportunities to students around the world, providing lesson plans and professional development resources.

    Tutors with EF gain international teaching experience while improving instructional methods. In The Courage to Teach, Parker Palmer highlights the importance of authentic engagement, a principle that EF’s global classroom promotes.


    79- Preply

    Preply connects tutors with students for language learning, test preparation, and academic subjects. Tutors have the freedom to set their own rates and schedules.

    This platform supports the development of individualized teaching strategies and entrepreneurial skills. As Ken Bain notes in What the Best College Teachers Do, effective educators create environments that foster curiosity — an ethos at the heart of Preply.


    80- VIPKid

    VIPKid pairs North American educators with Chinese students for one-on-one English lessons. Tutors follow a prepared curriculum, allowing them to focus on delivery and student engagement.

    Working with VIPKid enhances cultural competence and online teaching expertise. As John Dewey argued in Democracy and Education, meaningful learning requires active participation — a method VIPKid successfully employs.


    81- Proofreading and Editing

    Proofreaders and editors polish written content to ensure clarity, coherence, and correctness. This side hustle is ideal for those with a keen eye for detail and a love of language.

    These roles sharpen critical reading and stylistic awareness. As William Zinsser asserts in On Writing Well, the best writing is rewriting — a truth editors live by daily.


    82- Legiit

    Legiit is a freelance marketplace where proofreaders, editors, and other service providers offer their expertise to a global clientele.

    It enables professionals to build a reputation and diversify their service offerings. In The E-Myth Revisited, Michael Gerber emphasizes working on your business, not just in it — an approach Legiit supports for freelance editors.


    83- Scribbr

    Scribbr specializes in academic editing, helping students and researchers improve their theses and dissertations. Editors ensure adherence to academic standards and citation styles.

    This platform supports the development of advanced editorial skills and subject matter expertise. As Robert Boice discusses in Professors as Writers, clarity and precision are vital for academic success — Scribbr’s mission underscores this principle.


    84- WriterAccess

    WriterAccess connects freelance editors and proofreaders with clients seeking high-quality content creation and refinement services.

    The platform provides opportunities to work on diverse projects, building a robust editorial portfolio. In Bird by Bird, Anne Lamott champions the importance of incremental, iterative improvement — a mindset essential for WriterAccess editors.


    85- Closed Captioner

    Closed captioners create subtitles for videos to improve accessibility for hearing-impaired audiences and enhance comprehension for broader audiences.

    This role develops timing, language, and technical synchronization skills. As Don Norman argues in The Design of Everyday Things, accessibility should be central to design — closed captioning embodies this ethos.


    86- Keywords Studios

    Keywords Studios offers captioning, localization, and quality assurance services for media and gaming companies worldwide.

    It provides professionals with opportunities to work on high-profile entertainment projects and hone multilingual skills. In The Language Instinct, Steven Pinker explores how language shapes thought — a principle crucial to localization and captioning work.


    87- Rev

    Rev also offers closed captioning projects, providing flexibility and opportunities to develop detailed listening and editing skills.

    Through Rev, captioners can build a diverse portfolio and improve accessibility in media. As Marshall McLuhan famously said, “The medium is the message” — Rev’s captioning services help shape how messages are received.


    88- Test Scorer

    Test scorers evaluate student responses on standardized assessments, contributing to educational measurement and accountability efforts.

    This role sharpens analytical and evaluative skills and promotes fair, consistent assessment practices. In Assessment for Learning, Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam highlight the importance of reliable evaluation for student growth — a mission embraced by test scorers.


    89- MetriTech, Inc.

    MetriTech employs scorers to evaluate educational assessments from primary to post-secondary levels.

    Working with MetriTech provides insight into educational standards and assessment design. As Grant Wiggins explains in Educative Assessment, assessments should inform and enhance learning — a philosophy mirrored by MetriTech.


    90- Pearson

    Pearson hires scorers to review essays and performance tasks, contributing to large-scale educational testing.

    The work fosters deep engagement with language and educational policy. In The Testing Charade, Daniel Koretz critiques standardized testing culture, reminding scorers of the importance of thoughtful, fair evaluations.


    91- Use Your Photography Skills

    Selling photography allows artists to monetize creative skills by licensing images to individuals, businesses, and media outlets.

    This path enhances both artistic and entrepreneurial skills. In Steal Like an Artist, Austin Kleon encourages creators to embrace their artistic voice — selling photos is a direct application of this advice.


    92- Alamy

    Alamy offers a vast stock photo marketplace where photographers can earn royalties from image licensing.

    It encourages photographers to explore diverse styles and subjects. As Susan Sontag writes in On Photography, each image is an interpretation — Alamy empowers photographers to share theirs globally.


    93- Foap

    Foap enables photographers to sell images through a user-friendly app and participate in brand “missions” for extra earnings.

    This platform supports community engagement and brand collaborations. In Show Your Work!, Austin Kleon highlights the importance of sharing creative processes — Foap provides a ready audience for this sharing.


    94- Shutterstock

    Shutterstock allows photographers to license images to businesses, marketers, and publishers worldwide.

    It provides valuable experience in commercial photography and market trends. In The Art of Photography, Bruce Barnbaum argues for balancing artistry with technical mastery — skills crucial for success on Shutterstock.


    95- Online Teacher

    Online teachers deliver lessons on academic subjects, professional skills, and personal development, using video and digital content.

    This role cultivates teaching flexibility and technological fluency. In Teaching as a Subversive Activity, Neil Postman and Charles Weingartner argue for adaptive, student-centered teaching — a perfect match for online educators.


    96- Bundle

    Bundle offers live online classes for companies looking to provide educational and wellness workshops to employees.

    This platform enhances corporate learning and supports personal growth. As Peter Senge describes in The Fifth Discipline, organizations thrive when they become learning organizations — Bundle helps make this vision real.


    97- Stride

    Stride (formerly K12) connects teachers with virtual K-12 schools, offering opportunities to teach accredited courses remotely.

    This role fosters pedagogical innovation and personalized learning strategies. In The End of Average, Todd Rose emphasizes the importance of individual learning paths — Stride embodies this by supporting differentiated instruction.


    98- Udemy

    Udemy empowers instructors to create and sell courses on virtually any subject, reaching a global audience of lifelong learners.

    This platform encourages entrepreneurship and content creation skills. In Educated, Tara Westover shows the transformative power of self-directed learning — Udemy makes this accessible to millions.


    99- Become a Mystery Shopper

    Mystery shoppers evaluate customer service and store quality by posing as regular customers. Reports help businesses improve service standards.

    This role sharpens observation and critical analysis skills. As Paco Underhill explains in Why We Buy, understanding real customer behavior is invaluable — mystery shopping offers direct insights.


    100- BestMark

    BestMark is a leading mystery shopping company offering assignments in retail, dining, and services.

    It provides flexible, varied work while contributing to service excellence. In The Experience Economy, Pine and Gilmore argue that businesses must stage memorable experiences — feedback from BestMark shoppers helps them achieve this goal.


    101- IntelliShop

    IntelliShop recruits mystery shoppers to evaluate customer service, compliance, and overall brand experiences. Assignments range from retail to automotive and hospitality.

    This side hustle refines observational acuity and analytical writing skills. As Daniel Kahneman discusses in Thinking, Fast and Slow, our judgments shape perceptions — IntelliShop shoppers provide crucial insights into these dynamics for businesses.


    102- Sell Stuff Online

    Selling unused or handcrafted items online transforms clutter into cash and can even evolve into a sustainable business. Platforms today make it easier than ever to reach a global audience.

    This pursuit cultivates entrepreneurial thinking and digital marketing skills. As Chris Guillebeau writes in Side Hustle: From Idea to Income in 27 Days, anyone can turn an idea into income with strategic effort — selling online epitomizes this principle.


    103- eBay

    eBay provides a global marketplace for selling everything from collectibles to electronics. Sellers can auction items or set fixed prices, allowing flexibility in approach.

    It teaches valuable lessons in negotiation, pricing strategy, and market analysis. As Philip Kotler explains in Marketing Management, understanding consumer behavior is key — selling on eBay offers direct exposure to these market forces.


    104- Etsy

    Etsy is ideal for artisans and creatives selling handmade, vintage, or custom items. Its focus on authenticity and craftsmanship resonates with buyers worldwide.

    This platform nurtures brand storytelling and community building. As Simon Sinek states in Start With Why, people buy why you do it, not just what you do — Etsy sellers thrive when they embrace this philosophy.


    105- Facebook Marketplace

    Facebook Marketplace allows users to sell items locally, from furniture to electronics. Its integration with social media simplifies discovery and buyer communication.

    It encourages quick sales and builds negotiation skills. In The Thank You Economy, Gary Vaynerchuk emphasizes the power of personal connection in commerce — Facebook Marketplace embodies this social selling ethos.


    106- Poshmark

    Poshmark is designed for selling new and gently used clothing, shoes, and accessories. Sellers build “closets” and connect directly with fashion-conscious buyers.

    It fosters understanding of fashion trends and consumer preferences. As Dana Thomas notes in Deluxe: How Luxury Lost Its Luster, fashion is as much about narrative as product — Poshmark lets sellers craft this narrative.


    107- TheRealReal

    TheRealReal focuses on authenticated luxury consignment, offering a curated platform for high-end fashion, art, and jewelry. Sellers gain access to a discerning audience.

    This side hustle hones brand awareness and luxury market insights. As Naomi Klein explores in No Logo, brand value is deeply psychological — TheRealReal helps sellers leverage this dynamic.


    108- thredUP

    thredUP is an online consignment and thrift store for women’s and children’s apparel. Sellers send in items for evaluation and receive payouts based on quality and brand.

    It promotes sustainability and conscious consumption while generating income. In Overdressed, Elizabeth L. Cline critiques fast fashion’s environmental impact — thredUP offers a practical solution.


    109- Become a Mock Juror

    Mock jurors provide feedback on legal arguments, helping lawyers refine their cases before trial. Tasks involve reviewing evidence and offering verdicts in online panels.

    This work develops analytical thinking and legal reasoning skills. As Scott Turow illustrates in One L, understanding jury dynamics is pivotal — mock jurors play an invaluable role in this preparatory process.


    110- eJury.com

    eJury.com connects individuals with attorneys seeking feedback on cases via online mock juries. Participants evaluate scenarios and answer detailed questions.

    It deepens understanding of legal strategy and critical analysis. In A Civil Action, Jonathan Harr underscores the complexities of jury decision-making — eJury.com offers a window into these psychological subtleties.


    111- Nelson Recruiting

    Nelson Recruiting offers paid research studies, including mock juries and focus groups. Participants provide insights that shape legal, marketing, and product decisions.

    This side hustle refines your ability to articulate feedback clearly and persuasively. As Malcolm Gladwell notes in Blink, snap judgments carry weight — Nelson Recruiting studies explore and utilize this phenomenon.


    112- Social Media Manager

    Social media managers craft and execute content strategies, engage audiences, and analyze campaign performance. This role suits individuals skilled in communication and brand storytelling.

    It builds expertise in digital marketing and community cultivation. As Charlene Li writes in Open Leadership, authentic engagement builds trust — a core objective for every social media manager.


    113- $99 Social

    $99 Social offers affordable social media content creation for small businesses. Freelancers craft posts, manage accounts, and maintain brand voice.

    This work enhances content creation skills and helps understand diverse brand identities. In Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook, Gary Vaynerchuk highlights matching content to context — $99 Social helps professionals master this nuance.


    114- ModSquad

    ModSquad provides social media moderation, customer support, and community management services. Freelancers work with entertainment, gaming, and retail brands globally.

    This side hustle sharpens crisis communication and online community-building abilities. In Trust Agents, Chris Brogan and Julien Smith emphasize the importance of humanizing online interactions — ModSquad embodies this principle.


    115- SocialBee

    SocialBee offers comprehensive social media scheduling and content services for businesses looking to grow their online presence. Freelancers assist in strategy, curation, and analytics.

    This role refines strategic thinking and data-driven decision-making. As Brian Solis asserts in Engage!, meaningful interaction is the heart of social success — SocialBee facilitates these connections.


    116- VaVa Virtual Assistants

    VaVa Virtual Assistants provides administrative, marketing, and social media support to entrepreneurs and executives.

    This opportunity enhances organizational skills and client relationship management. In The 4-Hour Workweek, Tim Ferriss advocates delegating tasks to focus on what matters most — VaVa embodies this approach to modern productivity.


    117- Search Engine Evaluator

    Search engine evaluators assess search results to improve algorithm accuracy and user relevance. Work involves rating queries based on quality guidelines.

    This side hustle cultivates critical analysis and digital literacy. As Cathy O’Neil notes in Weapons of Math Destruction, algorithms impact society deeply — evaluators play a crucial role in making them fairer and more accurate.


    118- Appen

    Appen hires evaluators to provide data for improving AI and machine learning models, including search and social media evaluations.

    It builds understanding of AI systems and ethical data practices. In Life 3.0, Max Tegmark explores how AI shapes our future — working with Appen offers a front-row seat to this evolution.


    119- Datavio.ai

    Datavio.ai offers opportunities in data annotation, AI training, and search evaluation, often on a flexible schedule.

    Participants develop expertise in emerging technologies and gain insight into human-computer interaction. As Kai-Fu Lee discusses in AI Superpowers, data is the fuel for AI advancement — Datavio.ai workers help refine that fuel.


    120- TELUS

    TELUS International hires search and social media evaluators to improve digital products for global clients.

    This side hustle enhances analytical reasoning and cross-cultural awareness. In The Master Algorithm, Pedro Domingos argues that learning from data is key to AI — TELUS evaluators directly contribute to this learning process.


    121- Pet Sitter

    Pet sitting provides a fulfilling way to earn extra income while caring for animals. From feeding and walks to overnight stays, this side hustle appeals to animal lovers and those seeking flexible work.

    It fosters responsibility, emotional intelligence, and trust-building with clients. As Temple Grandin shares in Animals Make Us Human, understanding animal behavior enhances empathy — pet sitters embody this compassionate practice daily.


    122- Care.com

    Care.com connects pet sitters, nannies, and senior caregivers with families in need of trusted help. It offers flexible opportunities tailored to diverse caregiving skills.

    This platform reinforces the importance of interpersonal skills and service orientation. In The Art of Caring Leadership, Heather R. Younger explains that care is a superpower in leadership and life — Care.com enables individuals to turn care into both service and income.


    123- Rover

    Rover specializes in pet services, including dog walking, boarding, and house visits. It’s designed to help pet enthusiasts build a reliable clientele and manage bookings seamlessly.

    This work deepens understanding of animal well-being and customer relationship management. As Jon Katz discusses in The New Work of Dogs, our relationships with pets mirror our human connections — Rover sitters experience this firsthand.


    124- Wag

    Wag connects dog owners with walkers and sitters quickly and efficiently. It offers flexibility, allowing workers to set their schedules and choose the services they provide.

    The platform cultivates accountability and strong communication skills with pet owners. As Alexandra Horowitz explores in Inside of a Dog, understanding each dog’s unique world is an art — Wag encourages sitters to practice this art every day.


    125- Online Stylist

    Online stylists help clients curate wardrobes and define personal style from afar. They provide personalized recommendations, often using digital lookbooks and virtual consultations.

    This role merges creativity with marketing savvy and psychological insight into self-presentation. In The Psychology of Fashion, Carolyn Mair notes that what we wear influences how we think and act — online stylists guide clients in shaping these self-perceptions.


    126- Chico’s

    Chico’s employs remote stylists to offer personalized fashion advice to clients through calls and online chats. Employees help select outfits and build confidence in style choices.

    This side hustle refines communication skills and strengthens brand loyalty expertise. As Rachel Zoe says, “Style is a way to say who you are without having to speak” — Chico’s stylists help clients speak volumes silently.


    127- Short Story

    Short Story caters to petite women by providing curated clothing selections. Stylists work virtually to understand customer preferences and recommend pieces that match their lifestyles.

    This work cultivates niche market insights and empathetic listening skills. As Malcolm Gladwell’s The Tipping Point suggests, success often lies in focusing on specific audiences — Short Story embodies this principle.


    128- Stitch Fix

    Stitch Fix offers data-driven, personalized styling services. Stylists combine algorithmic suggestions with human judgment to select clothing items for clients.

    The job bridges fashion expertise with data literacy, offering a modern approach to styling. As Bernard Marr emphasizes in Big Data in Practice, combining human intuition with data creates powerful outcomes — Stitch Fix stylists live this daily.


    129- Content Creator

    Content creators produce digital content — videos, blogs, podcasts, and more — to inform, entertain, or inspire audiences. This role offers vast creative freedom and potential income from sponsorships and ads.

    It demands a balance of artistic vision and strategic planning. In Show Your Work!, Austin Kleon encourages sharing the process, not just the product — successful content creators embody this philosophy to build authentic connections.


    130- Instagram

    Instagram offers creators a visual storytelling platform, whether they’re focusing on lifestyle, travel, fashion, or education. Monetization comes through sponsored posts, brand partnerships, and product promotions.

    It develops branding skills, audience engagement strategies, and visual marketing acumen. As Simon Sinek underscores in Start With Why, people follow those who share genuine purpose — Instagram creators thrive by embracing this authenticity.


    131- YouTube

    YouTube enables creators to share video content on virtually any topic, building communities and earning through ads, memberships, and partnerships.

    This platform fosters public speaking skills, video production knowledge, and personal branding. In YouTube Secrets, Sean Cannell and Benji Travis highlight that consistency and value creation are the cornerstones of success — wise advice for aspiring YouTubers.


    132- TikTok

    TikTok empowers creators to produce short-form, highly engaging videos that can quickly go viral. Monetization options include brand deals, live gifts, and creator funds.

    It hones creativity, trend adaptation, and rapid content production skills. As Jonah Berger explores in Contagious: Why Things Catch On, emotional resonance and storytelling drive virality — TikTok creators tap into this every day.


    133- Amazon

    Through Amazon Influencer and Affiliate programs, creators earn commissions by recommending products via curated storefronts or content links.

    This side hustle integrates affiliate marketing with content strategy. In The Everything Store, Brad Stone discusses Amazon’s ecosystem and how it empowers individual entrepreneurs — leveraging this system can be both profitable and impactful.


    134- Facebook

    Facebook offers creators multiple ways to monetize: fan subscriptions, in-stream ads, and branded content. Its large user base supports diverse niches and deep community building.

    It teaches community management and targeted content creation. As Sheryl Sandberg shares in Lean In, connecting authentically is vital in digital spaces — Facebook creators must excel at fostering these genuine connections.


    135- Rent Your Stuff Online

    Renting out personal items (camera gear, power tools, sports equipment) generates passive income while maximizing asset value. Platforms simplify transactions and insurance.

    This side hustle promotes sustainability and financial mindfulness. As Rachel Botsman discusses in What’s Mine Is Yours, the sharing economy reshapes ownership and consumption — renting items embodies this cultural shift.


    136- SEO Specialist

    SEO specialists optimize websites to improve visibility and rankings on search engines. They analyze data, conduct keyword research, and implement strategies to drive organic traffic.

    It cultivates analytical thinking and deep technical expertise. In The Art of SEO, Enge, Spencer, and Fishkin highlight that SEO is a blend of science and art — specialists must continually adapt to algorithmic changes to stay effective.


    137- Make Money Driving

    Driving for rideshare or delivery services offers flexible, immediate earning potential. Popular options include food, grocery, and package delivery.

    This work refines navigation, customer service, and time management skills. As Charles Duhigg discusses in The Power of Habit, creating effective routines increases productivity — driving gigs demand mastering this principle.


    138- DoorDash (food)

    DoorDash connects drivers with customers to deliver restaurant meals. It offers a straightforward way to earn, with the flexibility to choose when and where to work.

    This side hustle builds local area knowledge and punctuality. In Delivering Happiness, Tony Hsieh emphasizes that excellent service fuels customer loyalty — DoorDash drivers play a direct role in delivering that experience.


    139- Instacart (groceries)

    Instacart shoppers purchase and deliver groceries, combining physical shopping with delivery logistics. It’s ideal for those who enjoy shopping and personal interaction.

    This work cultivates attention to detail and customer satisfaction skills. As Joseph Pine and James Gilmore argue in The Experience Economy, every transaction is an opportunity for memorable service — Instacart shoppers embody this concept with each delivery.


    140- Shipt (groceries)

    Shipt offers grocery delivery services, allowing shoppers to choose flexible schedules and earn tips for exceptional service.

    This side hustle refines personal responsibility and efficiency. In Drive, Daniel Pink highlights autonomy as a major motivator — Shipt gives workers the freedom to create their own schedules, fostering intrinsic motivation and satisfaction.


    141- Uber (people or food)

    Driving for Uber—whether transporting passengers or delivering food—offers a high degree of flexibility and immediate earning potential. You can set your hours, choose your territory, and work as much or as little as you like.

    This side hustle develops strong customer service skills, adaptability, and stress management under tight deadlines. In The Ride of a Lifetime, former Disney CEO Bob Iger underscores that “the relentless pursuit of perfection” defines service excellence — Uber drivers embody this mantra by ensuring safe, pleasant, and timely experiences for riders and eaters alike.


    142- Start a Podcast

    Podcasting allows you to share your voice and expertise with a global audience on virtually any topic, from science to storytelling. Monetization can come from sponsorships, advertising, merchandise, or premium subscriptions.

    Podcasting refines public speaking, critical thinking, and storytelling skills. As Seth Godin suggests in This Is Marketing, “People do not buy goods and services. They buy relations, stories, and magic.” A successful podcast weaves these elements together, creating an intimate connection with listeners and positioning the host as an authority in their niche.


    143- Train AI Tools

    Training artificial intelligence tools involves performing tasks like labeling data, checking model outputs, or transcribing audio to help improve machine learning systems. This work is typically remote and task-based, often offered on flexible schedules.

    Engaging in this field cultivates a forward-thinking mindset and an appreciation for data ethics and digital literacy. As Kai-Fu Lee discusses in AI Superpowers, those who contribute to AI development today are shaping the economic and social landscapes of tomorrow — making this not just a side hustle, but a contribution to technological progress.


    144- Earn Extra Income With Online Side Jobs

    Exploring online side jobs, from freelancing to e-commerce, empowers individuals to diversify their income streams and gain financial independence. It offers a laboratory for testing entrepreneurial ideas with low entry barriers and high scalability.

    These roles encourage self-reliance and innovative thinking. In The $100 Startup, Chris Guillebeau shows how small, agile online ventures can lead to profound lifestyle changes. By pursuing side gigs online, individuals learn to convert skills and passions into sustainable income, often with global reach and minimal upfront costs.


    145- 1099 worker

    Being a 1099 worker (independent contractor) means offering services without being formally employed, thus controlling your schedule, projects, and often your rates. This type of work spans countless fields: writing, consulting, driving, design, and more.

    It requires discipline, self-marketing, and financial savvy (especially regarding taxes and benefits). As Daniel H. Pink highlights in Free Agent Nation, the rise of independent work signals a broader movement towards autonomy and self-definition in professional life. Those embracing the 1099 model are at the vanguard of this shift, designing careers on their own terms.


    Conclusion

    In an era defined by digital transformation and economic fluidity, these side hustles represent more than just extra income—they offer autonomy, creative fulfillment, and avenues for continuous growth. By choosing to engage in such diverse opportunities, individuals can harness their passions, build new skills, and strengthen financial resilience.

    As Aristotle aptly put it, “Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.” In pursuing these side hustles, one finds not only monetary reward but also the joy of crafting a life that reflects one’s authentic self.

    The diverse range of side hustles today reflects a broader shift towards flexibility, self-expression, and continuous learning. Whether caring for pets, creating viral content, or optimizing websites, these roles empower individuals to align work with personal interests and values.

    As Peter Drucker famously said, “The best way to predict the future is to create it.” By embracing these opportunities, you become the architect of your own professional journey — one side hustle at a time.

    Exploring remote side hustles today isn’t just about making extra income — it’s about creating a portfolio of skills that reflect your passions and intellectual pursuits. Whether you’re guiding AI, curating vintage treasures, or refining legal arguments, each role builds your professional narrative and strengthens your adaptability.

    As Alvin Toffler foresaw in Future Shock, “The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.” Embracing these diverse side hustles embodies this spirit of continuous growth. Choose your path, expand your horizons, and redefine what work can mean for you.

    In our hyper-connected world, the opportunities for remote side hustles are as vast as they are diverse. From harnessing your linguistic talents to leveraging your artistic eye, there’s a side hustle to match every passion and expertise. These flexible, intellectually stimulating options allow you to expand your income streams while developing valuable professional skills.

    As Peter Drucker wisely said, “The best way to predict the future is to create it.” With these remote side hustles, you’re not just earning extra income — you’re sculpting a more versatile, resilient future for yourself. Whether you’re looking to share your knowledge, flex your creative muscles, or explore new fields, the choice is yours to make and master.

    The expansion of remote side hustles offers an unprecedented chance to align earning potential with personal interests and talents. From freelance writing to AI data annotation and virtual assistance, each path provides a unique way to cultivate skills, build connections, and generate income flexibly.

    Choosing the right hustle depends on your strengths, interests, and long-term goals. As Joseph Campbell famously said, “Follow your bliss and the universe will open doors where there were only walls.” By embracing remote opportunities, you empower yourself to build a life rich in learning, impact, and financial freedom.

    The landscape of remote side hustles is as diverse as it is promising, offering countless opportunities for intellectual and financial growth. From creative endeavors like graphic design and podcasting to analytical pursuits such as research assistance and app testing, each option provides a unique blend of flexibility, learning, and income potential.

    Choosing a side hustle aligned with your skills and passions can open doors to personal fulfillment and professional advancement. As Aristotle aptly observed, “Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.” Embrace the chance to expand your horizons, strengthen your expertise, and build new streams of income — all from the comfort of your chosen workspace.

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    11. Katz, Jon. The New Work of Dogs: Tending to Life, Love, and Family. Villard, 2003.
    12. Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work!: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get Discovered. Workman Publishing, 2014.
    13. Lee, Kai-Fu. AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018.
    14. Mair, Carolyn. The Psychology of Fashion. Routledge, 2018.
    15. Marr, Bernard. Big Data in Practice: How 45 Successful Companies Used Big Data Analytics to Deliver Extraordinary Results. Wiley, 2016.
    16. Pine, B. Joseph, and James H. Gilmore. The Experience Economy: Competing for Customer Time, Attention, and Money. Harvard Business Review Press, 2019.
    17. Pink, Daniel H. Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. Riverhead Books, 2009.
    18. Pink, Daniel H. Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself. Warner Books, 2001.
    19. Sandberg, Sheryl. Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. Knopf, 2013.
    20. Sinek, Simon. Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action. Portfolio, 2009.
    21. Stone, Brad. The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon. Little, Brown and Company, 2013.
    22. Younger, Heather R. The Art of Caring Leadership: How Leading with Heart Uplifts Teams and Organizations. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2021.
    23. Zoe, Rachel. Style A to Zoe: The Art of Fashion, Beauty, & Everything Glamour. Grand Central Publishing, 2007.
    24. Berger, Jonah. Contagious: Why Things Catch On. Simon & Schuster, 2013.
    25. Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Little, Brown and Company, 2000.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • How to plan a website to maximize SEO success

    How to plan a website to maximize SEO success

    In the ever-competitive digital world, a website without strategic planning is like a ship without a compass — it might float, but it won’t reach its destination. As more businesses recognize the power of online visibility, the importance of SEO-focused website planning has grown exponentially. Designing a website today isn’t merely an artistic exercise; it is a meticulous, research-driven process aimed at attracting, engaging, and converting visitors.

    A well-structured website acts as the backbone of your brand’s online presence. It should be architected with search engines in mind from the outset, ensuring that each page serves a specific purpose and contributes to your overall SEO strategy. Scholars like Rand Fishkin emphasize that “SEO is not about gaming the system anymore; it’s about learning how to play by the rules to create long-term value” (Lost and Founder, 2018). This philosophy underscores the importance of deliberate planning rather than after-the-fact optimization.

    By understanding the needs of your target audience and the intricacies of search engine algorithms, you can craft a website that ranks higher and resonates deeply with users. Books such as SEO 2023 by Adam Clarke and The Art of SEO by Eric Enge et al. provide essential guidance on how a solid foundation paves the way for sustainable growth. Let’s explore the critical steps that will help you create a website built for SEO success from day one.

    01
    The Cowboy Who Came Home: Second Chance Romance & Small Town Saga (Three Rivers Romance™ Book 1) Kindle Edition

    1- Define Your Website Goals

    Before you write a single line of code or choose a template, it’s essential to establish clear goals for your website. Are you aiming to generate leads, showcase a portfolio, or sell products? Setting well-defined objectives helps shape the site’s architecture and content strategy, ensuring that all efforts align with measurable outcomes. By clarifying your goals, you can prioritize which keywords to target, how to structure your content, and which user actions to encourage.

    A strategic approach grounded in purpose ensures your website supports business growth and brand positioning. As Peter Drucker famously said, “What gets measured gets managed,” highlighting the importance of defining objectives before execution. Refer to Measure What Matters by John Doerr for insights on setting and tracking objectives effectively.


    2- Conduct Comprehensive Audience Research

    Understanding your audience is at the core of any successful SEO strategy. You need to know not just who they are, but also their online behavior, search habits, and pain points. Conducting surveys, analyzing analytics data, and studying competitor audiences can reveal crucial insights. This understanding allows you to tailor your messaging and content to answer specific questions and solve real problems.

    By creating detailed buyer personas, you can shape your website’s structure and content flow to match user intent. Brian Clifton in Advanced Web Metrics with Google Analytics suggests that insights drawn from audience data provide a roadmap for content that truly connects. When your content resonates, it naturally earns backlinks, improves dwell time, and boosts organic rankings.


    3- Perform Thorough Keyword Research

    Keyword research is the linchpin of effective SEO. By identifying high-volume, low-competition keywords relevant to your niche, you can guide your content strategy and site structure. Tools such as Ahrefs, SEMrush, and Google’s Keyword Planner provide invaluable data on what your potential customers are searching for and how they phrase their queries.

    Selecting the right keywords is akin to choosing the correct keys to unlock doors of opportunity. Avoid the pitfall of targeting overly broad terms that will drain resources with minimal returns. Instead, focus on long-tail keywords that reflect specific user intent. Refer to Keyword Research for SEO by Kristina Azarenko for in-depth strategies.


    4- Analyze Competitor Websites

    Competitor analysis is not about imitation; it’s about inspiration and differentiation. By studying your top competitors’ websites, you can identify strengths to emulate and weaknesses to avoid. Examine their site architecture, keyword strategies, backlink profiles, and content quality. This analysis helps you understand what works in your industry and where you can stand out.

    Incorporating findings from competitor analysis into your website planning ensures you stay one step ahead. As Sun Tzu wrote in The Art of War, “If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles.” This wisdom applies directly to the digital battlefield of SEO.


    5- Develop a Clear Site Architecture

    A well-planned site architecture improves crawlability, enhances user experience, and boosts your SEO performance. Organize content hierarchically with logical categories and internal linking to make it easy for search engines and users to navigate. A flat site structure — where important pages are accessible within a few clicks from the homepage — helps distribute link equity effectively.

    By planning your architecture upfront, you avoid the chaos of retrofitted navigation and messy redirects later. As explained in Information Architecture for the World Wide Web by Rosenfeld and Morville, strong architecture is fundamental to usability and findability — two critical SEO pillars.


    6- Create a Content Strategy Blueprint

    A robust content strategy ensures your website consistently delivers value to visitors while supporting your SEO goals. Plan content types (blogs, videos, guides, case studies) around keyword opportunities and audience needs. An editorial calendar helps maintain regular publishing and keeps content aligned with business objectives.

    Content is often described as the “king” in digital marketing for good reason. Quality content earns backlinks, enhances authority, and drives engagement. Refer to Content Strategy for the Web by Kristina Halvorson for practical frameworks on planning, creating, and governing content effectively.


    7- Optimize for Mobile Experience

    With mobile devices driving the majority of web traffic, designing for mobile is no longer optional. Responsive design ensures your site looks and functions well across various devices and screen sizes. Google’s mobile-first indexing makes mobile optimization a critical SEO factor, affecting both rankings and user satisfaction.

    A seamless mobile experience reduces bounce rates and increases conversion potential. As Luke Wroblewski emphasizes in Mobile First, prioritizing mobile design from the outset results in simpler, faster, and more focused user experiences that benefit all visitors.


    8- Plan URL Structure and Navigation

    A clean, logical URL structure aids both users and search engines in understanding your site’s hierarchy. URLs should be descriptive, concise, and include target keywords when possible. Similarly, intuitive navigation ensures visitors can easily find what they need, enhancing usability and session duration.

    Complex or cluttered navigation frustrates visitors and leads to higher abandonment rates. Jakob Nielsen, a pioneer in web usability, has repeatedly stressed that “users spend most of their time on other websites” — so your navigation should follow conventions to avoid cognitive overload. Check Don’t Make Me Think by Steve Krug for practical navigation principles.


    9- Design for Fast Loading Times

    Page speed is a confirmed ranking factor and a critical user experience element. Slow-loading pages can frustrate visitors and lead to high bounce rates. Optimize images, leverage caching, and minimize unnecessary scripts to ensure lightning-fast load times.

    A speedy website also signals professionalism and attention to detail. As Google’s John Mueller often reminds, “Fast sites make users happy,” which directly contributes to higher SEO performance. High Performance Websites by Steve Souders is an excellent resource on optimizing site speed.


    10- Integrate Schema Markup

    Schema markup enhances how your content appears in search results by providing additional context to search engines. This can result in rich snippets, which improve click-through rates and make your listing more attractive. Implementing schema requires careful planning and technical expertise but yields significant rewards.

    Structured data is an underutilized SEO tactic that can differentiate your website in crowded SERPs. Refer to SEO 2023 by Adam Clarke and Google’s official documentation to learn about different schema types and best practices.


    11- Prioritize Security (HTTPS)

    Security is no longer optional — it’s a fundamental trust signal for both users and search engines. Implementing HTTPS ensures data encryption, protecting user information from interception. Google has confirmed that HTTPS is a ranking factor, emphasizing its importance for SEO.

    Visitors are more likely to engage with and share secure websites. According to Web Security for Developers by Malcolm McDonald, a secure site also prevents vulnerabilities that could lead to penalties or deindexing. Trust and safety form the bedrock of long-term SEO success.


    12- Build a Robust Internal Linking Strategy

    Internal linking helps distribute page authority, improve crawlability, and guide users toward high-value content. When planned properly, it strengthens topic clusters and supports a coherent content strategy. Each internal link should have relevant anchor text and add contextual value.

    An effective internal linking structure keeps users engaged and signals to search engines which pages are most important. As recommended in SEO for Growth by John Jantsch, think of your website as a city map where internal links are the roads connecting key destinations.


    13- Plan for Regular Content Updates

    Search engines favor websites that stay current. Outdated content can harm credibility and reduce rankings. Planning for regular updates ensures your content remains relevant, accurate, and optimized for new keyword opportunities.

    An editorial calendar helps track updates and prioritize high-impact content. As noted by Avinash Kaushik in Web Analytics 2.0, “Content is not a one-time event; it is a continuous conversation.” Regular updates keep your website alive in the eyes of both users and algorithms.


    14- Plan for Link-Building Initiatives

    Earning high-quality backlinks remains one of the most impactful SEO strategies. Incorporate outreach campaigns, guest posting, and partnerships into your website plan to build authoritative links. This should be a long-term effort rather than a one-off tactic.

    Building relationships within your industry leads to organic link acquisition and greater online authority. In The Art of SEO, Eric Enge emphasizes that “Link building is human-to-human marketing,” underscoring the importance of authenticity and value.


    15- Prepare Analytics and Tracking

    Establishing analytics tools like Google Analytics and Google Search Console at the planning stage allows you to track performance from day one. Define key performance indicators (KPIs) aligned with your goals to measure success accurately.

    Continuous data monitoring enables you to adapt strategies and respond to changing user behavior. As W. Edwards Deming stated, “Without data, you’re just another person with an opinion.” For practical advice on metrics, see Lean Analytics by Alistair Croll and Benjamin Yoskovitz.


    16- Design with Accessibility in Mind

    Accessibility ensures your website can be used by people with diverse abilities, including those with visual, auditory, or motor impairments. This not only expands your audience but also supports SEO, as search engines favor accessible websites.

    Following Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) from the outset helps avoid costly redesigns and potential legal issues. Sharron Rush’s Universal Design for Web Applications provides comprehensive guidance on building inclusive digital experiences.


    17- Plan a Strong Call-to-Action (CTA) Strategy

    Effective CTAs guide users toward desired actions, whether signing up for a newsletter or making a purchase. Plan CTAs that are clear, compelling, and contextually appropriate for each page. Their design, placement, and copy should all be carefully considered to maximize conversions.

    A website without strategic CTAs is like a story without a climax — it lacks resolution. As emphasized by Robert Cialdini in Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, persuasive design relies on clear, emotionally resonant prompts that move people to act.


    18- Prepare for Social Media Integration

    Social media integration extends your website’s reach and enhances brand visibility. By planning for social sharing buttons, embedded feeds, and cross-platform promotion, you enable visitors to easily share your content, driving referral traffic and potential backlinks.

    Integrated social signals also support SEO indirectly by increasing content engagement and brand mentions. Gary Vaynerchuk’s Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook provides a detailed look at aligning social media with content strategy for maximum impact.


    19- Consider Future Scalability

    Your website should be planned with growth in mind. Anticipate new products, services, or content expansions to ensure the structure can scale without major overhauls. Flexible design and modular content systems facilitate smoother future updates.

    A scalable site prevents technical debt and maintains SEO performance during growth phases. Refer to Building Scalable Websites by Cal Henderson for engineering principles that support long-term adaptability and resilience.


    20- Plan a Pre-Launch SEO Audit

    Before going live, conduct a comprehensive SEO audit to identify technical issues, broken links, or content gaps. This ensures your website is fully optimized from day one, avoiding negative first impressions and early traffic losses.

    A pre-launch audit acts as a final quality assurance step. As noted in Technical SEO Guide by Merkle, catching and resolving issues early lays a solid foundation for successful rankings and smooth user experiences post-launch.


    21- Website Planning and SEO

    A strong synergy between website planning and SEO is crucial for long-term success. Planning your website with SEO as a foundational element means that every design and content decision supports visibility and ranking goals. From the outset, it’s essential to consider factors like keyword targeting, user experience, and technical optimization to avoid costly revisions down the line.

    Failing to integrate SEO into the planning phase is akin to constructing a house without an architectural blueprint — the result may be functional, but it lacks structural integrity. As Eric Enge emphasizes in The Art of SEO, “SEO should be built in, not bolted on.” Thoughtful planning ensures that your website serves both users and search engines seamlessly.


    22- Existing Rankings and Traffic

    Analyzing your current rankings and traffic provides critical context before embarking on a redesign or new build. Understanding which pages drive the most organic traffic and which keywords perform best allows you to protect and build on existing SEO equity.

    Neglecting this step can result in losing valuable rankings overnight. As noted in SEO 2023 by Adam Clarke, maintaining and improving upon current strengths should be a priority. A thorough audit ensures that your SEO efforts do not unintentionally undermine hard-earned performance.


    23- Google Search Console

    Google Search Console is an indispensable tool for website planning and SEO refinement. It offers invaluable insights into how your site performs in organic search, including click-through rates, indexing status, and potential technical issues.

    By reviewing data from Search Console, you can prioritize fixes and improvements that have the greatest impact. As Brian Clifton mentions in Advanced Web Metrics, real-time feedback from Search Console is essential to align website performance with user expectations and search engine requirements.


    24- Crawl Data

    Crawl data reveals how search engines interact with your site, highlighting crawl errors, blocked resources, and broken links. Tools like Screaming Frog or Sitebulb provide detailed crawl reports that guide technical SEO adjustments during planning.

    Effective use of crawl data ensures your site is fully accessible to search engines, avoiding indexation issues that could hinder rankings. As Aleyda Solis advises in SEO, Las Claves Esenciales, “If search engines can’t crawl it, it might as well not exist.” Crawl data empowers you to design a site that is visible from day one.


    25- SEO Tools

    Modern SEO tools empower you to plan with precision. Solutions like Ahrefs, SEMrush, and Moz offer comprehensive data on keywords, backlinks, content gaps, and competitor performance. Integrating these insights into your planning phase elevates your strategy from guesswork to data-driven execution.

    Using these tools helps identify hidden opportunities and potential pitfalls early on. As Rand Fishkin notes in Lost and Founder, “The right data at the right time makes all the difference.” By leveraging powerful SEO platforms, your website strategy becomes sharper and more targeted.


    26- SEO and Website Goals

    Aligning SEO objectives with broader website goals creates a unified strategy. Whether your focus is lead generation, sales, or brand authority, your SEO efforts should support and amplify these aims. Establishing clear metrics from the outset ensures progress can be tracked and optimized continuously.

    Misalignment often leads to wasted resources and fragmented messaging. As outlined in SEO for Growth by John Jantsch, “SEO is not a silo — it’s part of a larger marketing ecosystem.” Clear alignment ensures each effort contributes to the overarching vision.


    27- Audience and Customer Segments

    Segmenting your audience enables you to personalize content and optimize user journeys for different groups. This nuanced approach supports better engagement and higher conversion rates, as each segment receives tailored messaging that addresses their specific needs.

    A one-size-fits-all strategy risks alienating potential customers. As Seth Godin emphasizes in This Is Marketing, “Everyone is not your customer.” Deep segmentation during planning ensures your website speaks directly to the right people.


    28- Audience Questions

    Anticipating and addressing audience questions builds trust and authority while improving SEO performance. By integrating comprehensive FAQ sections, long-form content, and detailed guides, you position your website as a go-to resource in your niche.

    This approach also aligns with Google’s E-E-A-T principles (Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness). As Marcus Sheridan writes in They Ask, You Answer, directly answering your audience’s questions is the most powerful way to build credibility and drive qualified traffic.


    29- Structure and Sitemap

    A clear website structure and sitemap guide both users and search engines through your content. Planning these elements ensures logical navigation, easier crawling, and better distribution of page authority. A well-thought-out sitemap acts like a strategic road map, leading visitors and bots to your most valuable pages.

    When neglected, poor structure results in confusion and lost ranking potential. Louis Rosenfeld and Peter Morville stress in Information Architecture for the World Wide Web that structure is the foundation of findability, which directly impacts SEO outcomes.


    30- Creating Your Sitemap

    Building a sitemap is a strategic exercise that solidifies your site’s hierarchy. Your XML sitemap should include all important pages, prioritized based on business goals and SEO targets. Meanwhile, an HTML sitemap enhances user experience and supports internal linking.

    A well-crafted sitemap ensures comprehensive coverage during search engine indexing, reducing the risk of orphaned pages. As detailed in Technical SEO Guide by Merkle, effective sitemaps are integral to ensuring all your hard work reaches both human and bot audiences efficiently.


    31- Page Scoping

    Scoping individual pages involves defining their objectives, primary keywords, target audience, and desired actions. This step ensures each page is purpose-driven and aligned with overall SEO strategy. Detailed scoping prevents overlap, keyword cannibalization, and diluted authority.

    Treating each page as a strategic asset strengthens its contribution to sitewide performance. As outlined in Content Strategy for the Web, strategic scoping translates abstract goals into tangible user experiences that drive results.


    32- SEO Specifics

    SEO specifics, such as redirects, canonical tags, and structured data, require careful planning to avoid technical pitfalls. Addressing these elements proactively reduces post-launch errors and preserves existing SEO value.

    Detailed SEO planning also supports smooth migrations and rebrandings. As Aleyda Solis discusses in SEO, Las Claves Esenciales, meticulous technical planning ensures your site is future-proofed and optimized from the inside out.


    33- Your Website Plan

    Documenting a comprehensive website plan consolidates all decisions, goals, and technical details in one place. This living document serves as a roadmap for your team, ensuring alignment and accountability throughout development and beyond.

    A well-documented plan prevents scope creep and minimizes miscommunication. As Stephen Covey said in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, “Begin with the end in mind.” Your website plan embodies this principle, guiding every step toward a clear, measurable outcome.


    34- Launch and Beyond

    Launching a website is not the end — it’s the beginning of ongoing optimization and growth. Post-launch tasks include monitoring performance, fixing emerging issues, and refining content based on data insights. Continuous improvement is vital for sustaining and boosting SEO performance.

    A successful launch relies on pre-launch preparation and post-launch agility. As outlined in Lean Analytics, iterative improvement guided by real-world data transforms an initial build into a continuously evolving asset.


    35- SEO-Friendly Website Planning to Retain and Improve Traffic

    SEO-friendly planning focuses on retaining current traffic and systematically improving it post-launch. This involves preserving high-performing content, maintaining strong backlink profiles, and optimizing new pages to capture additional opportunities.

    Traffic retention reduces risk during transitions and sets the stage for organic growth. As emphasized in SEO 2023, thoughtful planning mitigates drops and creates a stronger foundation for future gains.


    36- Existing Rankings and Traffic

    Reiterating the importance of protecting current assets, an in-depth understanding of existing rankings and traffic sources informs strategic decisions. This ensures you don’t inadvertently compromise valuable positions during a redesign or migration.

    A data-driven approach minimizes risks and supports smoother transitions. As Bill Slawski emphasized, “Know where you are before deciding where to go” — critical advice when planning any SEO-sensitive changes.


    37- Goals for the Project

    Defining clear, quantifiable goals ensures focus and guides decision-making at every stage. Whether targeting higher conversions, more organic traffic, or enhanced brand awareness, these goals anchor your strategy.

    Setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) goals, as outlined in Measure What Matters, provides a strong framework to track success and pivot when necessary.


    38- Customer Segments

    Deep dives into customer segments refine messaging and UX, supporting better SEO outcomes through higher engagement and lower bounce rates. Tailoring experiences to distinct segments increases brand loyalty and conversion rates.

    Segment-based planning reinforces relevance, an essential ingredient for both ranking and user satisfaction. Seth Godin’s This Is Marketing illustrates the power of focusing on specific groups rather than trying to appeal to everyone.


    39- Website Structure and Sitemap

    A robust structure and sitemap clarify your site’s internal relationships, enhancing crawlability and user experience. Logical grouping, flat hierarchy, and keyword-optimized categories all strengthen SEO performance.

    A strong structure sets the foundation for future content growth without architectural overhauls. As emphasized in Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, good structure is critical for both usability and search discoverability.


    40- Page Scoping

    Reaffirming the importance of strategic page scoping, this step ensures every page serves a distinct function and supports overall goals. Mapping each page’s purpose prevents content duplication and enables precise targeting.

    Effective scoping enhances clarity for both users and search engines. As Kristina Halvorson notes, “Better content starts with better planning,” and page scoping exemplifies this principle.


    41- SEO Specifics (Redirects, etc.)

    Handling technical SEO details, such as redirects and canonicalization, protects existing rankings and ensures smooth user journeys. Mismanaged redirects can cause significant ranking and traffic losses.

    By meticulously planning these specifics, you ensure minimal disruption. As Aleyda Solis advises, “Technical SEO is the foundation that allows content to shine.”


    42- Keep the Old Site Live on a Temporary URL if Possible

    Keeping the old site temporarily live allows for side-by-side testing and smoother transition troubleshooting. This step helps identify discrepancies and ensure data integrity during migration.

    It serves as a safety net, reducing potential SEO fallout. As discussed in Technical SEO Guide, controlled transitions mitigate risks and preserve user trust.


    43- Create a List of Redirections from the Old Pages to the New Ones

    A detailed redirection plan preserves link equity and prevents traffic loss. Mapping old URLs to their new equivalents ensures continuity and protects organic visibility.

    Proper redirection avoids “404 not found” errors that harm user experience and SEO. Moz’s Beginner’s Guide to SEO stresses that redirection strategy is a critical component of successful migrations.


    44- Migrate Content, Page Titles and Meta Descriptions for High-Performing Pages

    Preserving high-performing content and metadata is essential to maintain rankings. These elements have earned trust and authority over time, and must be carefully migrated to retain SEO value.

    Failing to transfer these assets can result in significant drops in traffic. As highlighted in The Art of SEO, “Your best content is your best asset — treat it as such.”


    45- Update External Backlinks Where Possible

    While not always feasible, updating backlinks to point to new URLs preserves authority and avoids losing valuable link juice. Outreach to partners and high-value referring domains should be prioritized.

    This proactive approach maintains strong off-page SEO signals. As emphasized by Eric Ward in Ultimate Guide to Link Building, “Your backlink profile is a living organism — keep it healthy and current.”


    46- Monitor Performance After Launch (Rankings, Traffic, Impressions)

    Continuous monitoring post-launch allows you to quickly identify and resolve issues. Tracking key metrics like rankings, organic traffic, and impressions ensures you remain on track with SEO objectives.

    Data-driven iteration enhances long-term success. As W. Edwards Deming wisely stated, “In God we trust; all others bring data.”


    47- Generate Exposure from SEO (to Feed Remarketing)

    SEO-driven traffic can be retargeted to increase brand touchpoints and conversions. Remarketing campaigns built on organic audiences capitalize on existing interest and familiarity.

    This integrated strategy maximizes ROI from both SEO and paid efforts. Gary Vaynerchuk’s Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook discusses how to connect organic and paid in a unified funnel.


    48- Generate Leads

    Lead generation is often a core goal of SEO. Optimizing landing pages, crafting compelling CTAs, and providing valuable resources convert visitors into leads.

    SEO-focused lead generation supports sustainable business growth. As Brian Halligan of HubSpot states, “It’s not about the leads you get — it’s about the relationships you build with them.”


    49- Funnel Users to Product Pages

    Structuring your site to guide visitors toward product pages increases conversion potential. Strategic internal linking, clear navigation, and persuasive CTAs help funnel traffic effectively.

    This user-centered approach enhances both SEO and revenue outcomes. As Robert Cialdini explains in Influence, “People need a path — make it easy and compelling to follow.”


    50- You Will Get Better Results by Doing the Research and Planning Work

    Ultimately, investing time and effort in thorough research and planning yields superior outcomes. Skipping these steps leads to fragmented strategies and disappointing results.

    As Benjamin Franklin famously said, “By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.” A meticulous foundation sets your website on a trajectory toward sustained SEO success and business growth.


    Conclusion

    Building an SEO-optimized website is not a task to be taken lightly or executed in haste. Each planning step, from understanding your audience to preparing detailed technical strategies, works together to create a seamless, high-performing digital asset. By investing in comprehensive research and meticulous execution, you lay the groundwork for a website that not only attracts but also engages and converts visitors for years to come.

    Drawing on the insights of thought leaders and foundational works, this strategic approach transforms your website from a static presence into a powerful growth engine. Start with a solid plan, and you will see the results compound over time — higher rankings, stronger authority, and more meaningful connections with your audience.

    Creating a website that thrives in search rankings and resonates with audiences requires thoughtful, methodical planning. By focusing on clear objectives, audience needs, solid architecture, and long-term scalability, you ensure your digital presence is not only discoverable but also impactful. As Aristotle said, “Well begun is half done” — and nowhere is this truer than in SEO-focused web design.

    A strong foundation transforms your website from a static brochure into a dynamic, evolving asset that drives growth and authority. By following these steps and drawing on insights from experts and foundational texts, you position your brand to succeed in an ever-changing digital landscape.

    Bibliography

    1. Enge, Eric, Spencer, Stephan, Fishkin, Rand, & Stricchiola, Jessie. The Art of SEO: Mastering Search Engine Optimization. O’Reilly Media, 2022.
    2. Clarke, Adam. SEO 2023: Learn Search Engine Optimization with Smart Internet Marketing Strategies. Independently published, 2023.
    3. Clifton, Brian. Advanced Web Metrics with Google Analytics. Wiley, 2015.
    4. Solis, Aleyda. SEO, Las Claves Esenciales. Independently published, 2017.
    5. Fishkin, Rand. Lost and Founder: A Painfully Honest Field Guide to the Startup World. Portfolio, 2018.
    6. Jantsch, John, & Singleton, Phil. SEO for Growth: The Ultimate Guide for Marketers, Web Designers & Entrepreneurs. SEO for Growth, 2016.
    7. Godin, Seth. This Is Marketing: You Can’t Be Seen Until You Learn to See. Portfolio, 2018.
    8. Sheridan, Marcus. They Ask, You Answer: A Revolutionary Approach to Inbound Sales, Content Marketing, and Today’s Digital Consumer. Wiley, 2017.
    9. Rosenfeld, Louis, & Morville, Peter. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-Scale Web Sites. O’Reilly Media, 2006.
    10. Halvorson, Kristina, & Rach, Melissa. Content Strategy for the Web. New Riders, 2012.
    11. Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change. Free Press, 1989.
    12. Croll, Alistair, & Yoskovitz, Benjamin. Lean Analytics: Use Data to Build a Better Startup Faster. O’Reilly Media, 2013.
    13. Merkle Technical SEO Team. Technical SEO Guide. Merkle, various editions.
    14. Ward, Eric, & Gagliano, Garrett French. Ultimate Guide to Link Building: How to Build Backlinks, Authority, and Credibility for Your Website, and Increase Click Traffic and Search Ranking. Entrepreneur Press, 2013.
    15. Deming, W. Edwards. Out of the Crisis. MIT Press, 1986.
    16. Vaynerchuk, Gary. Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook: How to Tell Your Story in a Noisy Social World. HarperBusiness, 2013.
    17. Halligan, Brian, & Shah, Dharmesh. Inbound Marketing: Get Found Using Google, Social Media, and Blogs. Wiley, 2014.
    18. Cialdini, Robert B. Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. Harper Business, 2006.
    19. Doerr, John. Measure What Matters: How Google, Bono, and the Gates Foundation Rock the World with OKRs. Portfolio, 2018.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Al-Riyadh Newspaper, July 15, 2025: Industry, Mining, Tourism, Human Resource Development, Technological Advancement

    Al-Riyadh Newspaper, July 15, 2025: Industry, Mining, Tourism, Human Resource Development, Technological Advancement

    The provided texts offer a multifaceted look at Saudi Arabia’s strategic vision, economic diversification, and global engagement, highlighting its efforts to reduce oil dependence through investments in industry, mining, and tourism, alongside initiatives for human resource development and technological advancement. Concurrently, the sources cover international affairs, including the ongoing conflict in Gaza, discussions surrounding Iran’s nuclear program, and geopolitical tensions in Europe. Domestically, the texts address significant social and cultural developments, such as efforts to support individuals with disabilities and foster a vibrant cultural landscape, while also reporting on major sporting events and astronomical phenomena.

    Podcast

    01
    Listen or Download Podcast : Al-Riyadh Newspaper, July 15, 2025

    Saudi Vision 2030: A Kingdom Transformed

    Saudi Vision 2030 is a comprehensive national project aimed at transforming Saudi Arabia into a vibrant society, a thriving economy, and an ambitious nation. It is considered a pivotal point in building a modern Kingdom, reflecting the leadership’s aspirations for a prosperous nation. The Vision is backed by robust national efforts and aims to build a competitive, knowledge-based economy.

    Here are some key aspects and achievements of Saudi Vision 2030:

    • Economic Transformation and Diversification:
    • Vision 2030 aims to fundamentally restructure the national economy, reducing its heavy reliance on oil.
    • It focuses on diversifying sources of income through the development of new, promising sectors such as tourism, entertainment, technology, renewable energy, and national industries. This has directly contributed to increasing the GDP and the private sector’s contribution to development.
    • The Vision has led to the creation of unprecedented investment opportunities.
    • Human Capital Development and Employment:
    • Human capital is at the core of Vision 2030’s development strategy, seen as a fundamental driver for sustainable growth.
    • The Human Resources Development Fund (“Hadaf”) achieved a significant leap in employing Saudis, contributing to the employment of about 143,000 citizens in private sector establishments during the first quarter of 2025, a growth rate of 93% compared to the same period last year.
    • Over 1.18 million beneficiaries used Hadaf’s training and empowerment services in Q1 2025, marking a 4% increase. Hadaf spent approximately 1.83 billion Saudi Riyals on various programs during this period, highlighting the government’s investment in human resources development.
    • In Qassim region, Vision 2030’s localization efforts (Tawteen) resulted in a reduction of unemployment to 6.5% in Q1 2025, which is lower than the Vision’s target. This reflects the effectiveness of localization efforts and labor market support initiatives.
    • The Vision emphasizes training and empowering national competencies and developing professional practices.
    • There is a focus on improving the quality of life through various programs and initiatives, ensuring that all government entities meet citizens’ expectations.
    • Financial Sector Development Program (FSDP):
    • Launched in 2018, the FSDP is a strategic step to enhance the strength and efficiency of financial institutions and transform the local financial market into a global one.
    • The program aims to develop a vibrant and effective financial sector, increase the culture of savings, empower financial sector institutions, and support FinTech startups.
    • It has successfully solidified the Kingdom’s position as a global financial center and launched a FinTech strategy.
    • Tourism Sector Growth:
    • Saudi Arabia is currently the fastest-growing tourism destination globally, recording over 115.9 million visits in 2024, with tourism spending exceeding 283.8 billion Saudi Riyals.
    • In Q1 2025, the Kingdom topped the global ranking in terms of annual growth rate of international tourist revenues.
    • The goal is to reach 150 million visitors by 2030 through enhanced infrastructure, diverse experiences, comprehensive air connectivity, and integrated facilities for tourists.
    • Industrial and Mining Sectors:
    • The Saudi mining sector is the fastest-growing globally in terms of investment environment.
    • The Kingdom ranks second globally in terms of mining license issuance environment and is among the best countries in mining regarding legislative and regulatory frameworks.
    • In 2024, the Kingdom achieved the 33rd rank globally in the competitive industrial production index, surpassing its target of 35th place.
    • The industrial sector saw significant growth in 2024, with 1,346 new industrial licenses issued and 1,075 factories beginning production. The total investment in these new factories reached over 48 billion Riyals, creating over 44,000 new jobs.
    • The Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources developed 454 investment opportunities in targeted industrial sectors, valued at 143 billion Riyals.
    • Cultural Sector:
    • Vision 2030 emphasizes enhancing the national cultural landscape both locally and internationally through education, training, and empowerment of national cadres.
    • The Ministry of Culture’s “Training and Education in the Cultural Sector for 2023” report highlighted 216,878 professionals in direct and indirect cultural occupations.
    • Cultural education saw significant growth, with over 5 million students participating in cultural activities and 9,958 specialized teachers in cultural and artistic fields.
    • Various programs and initiatives were implemented to develop capabilities, benefiting over 13,265 individuals.
    • The Ministry of Culture and the Heritage Commission are encouraging participation in the Red Sea Conference, linking it to the historical significance of Jeddah and aiming to foster cultural and research movement in the region.
    • International Standing and Events Hosting:
    • The Kingdom’s success in hosting major international forums and conferences is a key objective of Vision 2030, positioning it as a leading global destination for events.
    • Saudi Arabia won the bid to host the International Internal Auditors Conference (2027), reflecting its advanced regulatory capabilities and infrastructure.
    • The Riyadh Comedy Festival, a major international event, will host over 50 stand-up comedians from around the world, reinforcing the Kingdom’s emergence as a global player in arts and culture.
    • Governance and Integrity:
    • The leadership is keen on enhancing integrity, transparency, and combating corruption to protect public funds and national gains.
    • This is part of a broader shift in Saudi foreign policy under Vision 2030, moving away from unconditional support to strategic partnerships based on mutual interests, transparency, and accountability.
    • Overall Impact:
    • The Kingdom has built an exceptional economy based on solid and sustainable foundations, earning international recognition.
    • Vision 2030 has transformed challenges into opportunities, making Saudi Arabia a global development model.
    • The Vision has led to a significant increase in the number of users of digital services.

    In essence, Vision 2030 is fundamentally reshaping the Kingdom by fostering economic diversity, empowering its people, enhancing its global presence, and building a sustainable future.

    Saudi Vision 2030: A Nation Transformed

    Economic diversification is a fundamental pillar of Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to transform Saudi Arabia into a vibrant society, a thriving economy, and an ambitious nation [Conversation history]. A primary goal of Vision 2030 is to fundamentally restructure the national economy by reducing its heavy reliance on oil and diversifying income sources. This transformation has earned international recognition, making Saudi Arabia a global development model.

    Key aspects of economic diversification and related achievements include:

    • Human Capital Development and Employment (Tawteen):
    • Human capital is at the core of Vision 2030’s development strategy, recognized as a fundamental driver for sustainable growth.
    • The Human Resources Development Fund (“Hadaf”) has made significant strides in employing Saudis, contributing to the employment of approximately 143,000 citizens in private sector establishments during the first quarter of 2025, a 93% growth rate compared to the same period last year.
    • Over 1.18 million beneficiaries utilized Hadaf’s training and empowerment services in Q1 2025, marking a 4% increase. Hadaf invested about 1.83 billion Saudi Riyals in various programs during this period, highlighting the government’s investment in human resources development.
    • Localization efforts (Tawteen) in the Qassim region successfully reduced unemployment to 6.5% in Q1 2025, which is lower than the Vision’s target. This demonstrates the effectiveness of localization and labor market support initiatives.
    • The Vision emphasizes training and empowering national competencies and developing professional practices.
    • The shift in employment philosophy focuses on qualitative and sustainable employment instead of short-term solutions, aiming to enhance the “golden equation” of productivity and benefit for all parties. This strategic approach to human resource development creates a competitive, knowledge-based economy.
    • Financial Sector Development Program (FSDP):
    • Launched in 2018, the FSDP is a strategic initiative to enhance the strength and efficiency of financial institutions and transform the local financial market into a global one.
    • The program aims to foster a vibrant and effective financial sector, increase savings culture, empower financial sector institutions, and support FinTech startups.
    • It has successfully solidified the Kingdom’s position as a global financial center and launched a FinTech strategy, including licensing digital banks. Achievements in 2024 reflected commitment to Vision 2030’s goal of a diverse and active financial sector, enhancing competitiveness regionally and globally.
    • Tourism Sector Growth:
    • Saudi Arabia is currently the fastest-growing tourism destination globally, recording over 115.9 million visits in 2024, with tourism spending exceeding 283.8 billion Saudi Riyals.
    • In Q1 2025, the Kingdom topped global rankings for annual growth rate of international tourist revenues.
    • The ambitious goal is to reach 150 million visitors by 2030 through enhanced infrastructure, diverse experiences, comprehensive air connectivity, and integrated facilities.
    • The “Saudi Summer 2025” program aims to boost tourism through partnerships, diversified offerings, and increased flight capacity, with over 250 offers developed in partnership with more than 200 entities.
    • Industrial and Mining Sectors:
    • The Saudi mining sector is the fastest-growing globally in terms of investment environment.
    • The Kingdom ranks second globally in terms of mining license issuance environment and is among the best countries in mining regarding legislative and regulatory frameworks.
    • In 2024, Saudi Arabia achieved the 33rd rank globally in the competitive industrial production index, surpassing its target of 35th place, reflecting significant efforts to strengthen the industrial sector as part of Vision 2030.
    • The industrial sector experienced substantial growth in 2024, with 1,346 new industrial licenses issued and 1,075 factories beginning production. Total investment in these new factories reached over 48 billion Riyals, creating over 44,000 new jobs.
    • The Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources has developed 454 investment opportunities in targeted industrial sectors, valued at 143 billion Riyals.
    • A new program was launched to provide financial incentives, with a budget of 10 billion Riyals, to enable the manufacturing of products currently imported, attracting new industrial investments and ensuring their sustainability.
    • Cultural Sector:
    • Vision 2030 emphasizes enhancing the national cultural landscape locally and internationally through education, training, and empowerment of national cadres.
    • A Ministry of Culture report for 2023 indicated 216,878 professionals in direct and indirect cultural occupations.
    • Cultural education saw significant growth, with over 5 million students participating in cultural activities and 9,958 specialized teachers in cultural and artistic fields. Over 13,265 individuals benefited from various capacity-building programs.
    • Initiatives like the “Red Sea Conference” aim to foster cultural and research movement, connecting it to historical significance and activating museums.
    • International Standing and Events Hosting:
    • The Kingdom’s success in hosting major international forums and conferences is a key objective of Vision 2030, positioning it as a leading global destination for events.
    • Saudi Arabia won the bid to host the International Internal Auditors Conference (2027), reflecting its advanced regulatory capabilities and infrastructure.
    • The Riyadh Comedy Festival, a major international event featuring over 50 stand-up comedians, further reinforces the Kingdom’s emergence as a global player in arts and culture.
    • Governance and Integrity:
    • The leadership is committed to enhancing integrity, transparency, and combating corruption to protect public funds and national gains.
    • This is part of a broader shift in Saudi foreign policy under Vision 2030, moving away from unconditional support to strategic partnerships based on mutual interests, transparency, and accountability. The era of “open checks” and automatic grants has ended, replaced by a focus on sustainable partnerships and accountability.

    In summary, Vision 2030 is fundamentally reshaping Saudi Arabia by fostering economic diversity through the development of new sectors, empowering its people through training and employment, enhancing its global presence through event hosting and strategic partnerships, and building a sustainable future grounded in transparency and accountability [Conversation history, 5, 7, 14, 15, 79, 90, 158, 267].

    Saudi Arabia Wins 2027 Internal Auditors Conference Bid

    Saudi Arabia has successfully secured the bid to host the International Internal Auditors Conference in 2027. This achievement was announced during the International Internal Auditors Conference held in Toronto, Canada, in 2025.

    The Saudi Authority for Internal Auditors represented the Kingdom in winning this bid, following fierce competition with several other nominated countries. The Saudi delegation at the 2025 conference was notably the largest among participating nations, comprising over 170 professionals and specialists.

    Key aspects and significance of hosting this conference include:

    • Alignment with Vision 2030: Dr. Hussam bin Abdulmohsen Al-Anqari, President of the Board of Directors of the Saudi Authority for Internal Auditors, emphasized that winning the bid aligns with Saudi Vision 2030’s objectives to make the Kingdom a leading global destination for international forums and conferences.
    • Confirmation of Global Standing: The hosting opportunity serves as an affirmation of the Kingdom’s advanced regulatory capabilities and developed infrastructure, bolstering its global standing.
    • Professional Development: It highlights Saudi Arabia’s pioneering and leadership role in the internal audit profession, underscoring its continuous commitment to developing the profession and spreading awareness of its vital role.
    • Knowledge and Expertise Transfer: Abdullah Saleh Al-Subaili, CEO of the Saudi Authority for Internal Auditors, further explained that hosting the conference will open new avenues for international cooperation and cultural and knowledge exchange. It is expected to contribute to building strategic partnerships and transferring knowledge and expertise, thereby developing national competencies and enhancing performance quality across various sectors.
    • Scale of the Event: The International Internal Auditors Conference is an annual event organized by the International Institute of Internal Auditors in successful and advanced countries. It is recognized as the largest gathering of professionals in the field, attracting attendees from diverse countries worldwide.

    Syria: Suwayda Escalation and Regional Dynamics

    Based on the provided sources and our conversation history, the discussion of the Syrian conflict primarily focuses on recent escalations in the Suwayda region and mentions some broader geopolitical contexts that touch upon Syria. It’s important to note that the given sources do not provide a comprehensive history or overview of the entire Syrian conflict, but rather a snapshot of specific, recent events.

    Here are the key aspects discussed:

    • Recent Clashes in Suwayda Region:
    • Syrian government forces have gained control of Al-Mazra’a village, which has a Druze majority, and are continuing their advance towards the city of Suwayda. A field commander, Ezzedine al-Shammari, confirmed that forces are heading towards Suwayda city.
    • The Interior Ministry spokesperson stated that army and internal security forces have approached the Suwayda governorate center.
    • These clashes have been ongoing since Sunday, resulting in dozens killed. A more recent report indicates that 89 individuals have been killed in Suwayda, including 46 Druze fighters, 4 civilians, 18 Bedouin militants, 14 security forces personnel, and 7 unidentified individuals in military uniform. A previous toll for these clashes was 64 fatalities.
    • The clashes also bring to the forefront security challenges faced by the “transitional authorities” in Syria since their rise to power in December 1st, following the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad, particularly concerning the establishment of security.
    • Another report highlights that in April, violence erupted in which at least 119 individuals were killed, including Druze militants and security forces.
    • The “spark” for the recent clashes was attributed to the kidnapping of a Druze merchant by Bedouin gunmen from the Damascus-Suwayda road, which then escalated into mutual kidnappings between the parties. The Saudi Authority for Internal Auditors represented the Kingdom in winning this bid, following fierce competition with several other nominated countries.
    • The disturbances are rooted in “continuous tension since sectarian clashes erupted in April” between Druze militants and security forces near Damascus and in Suwayda, with the participation of Sunni Bedouin tribes.
    • Involved Parties and Their Roles:
    • Syrian government forces (including the Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Interior) are actively involved. They have deployed specialized military units to affected areas to ensure civilian safety, open secure passages, and swiftly and decisively end the clashes.
    • Druze militants and Bedouin tribes are key combatants in the Suwayda region clashes.
    • Representatives of the Syrian government and Druze dignitaries have previously concluded de-escalation agreements. Since May, per an agreement, Druze militants have been managing security in Suwayda, alongside Bedouin Sunni tribes in the rural areas of the governorate.
    • Governmental and Local Responses:
    • The Ministry of Defense has indicated that an “institutional vacuum” has contributed to the exacerbation of chaos and the inability of official security or military institutions to intervene, thereby hindering de-escalation efforts.
    • The Minister of Interior, Anas Khattab, emphasized that the absence of state institutions, particularly military and security bodies, is a primary cause of the ongoing events in Suwayda, advocating for the imposition of security and the restoration of normalcy.
    • The Governor of Suwayda, Mustapha al-Bakour, urged the parties to exercise wisdom, self-restraint, and dialogue, while affirming the state’s commitment to protecting its citizens.
    • Druze spiritual leaders have called for calm and urged authorities in Damascus to intervene.
    • External Involvement with Syria-Specific Impact:
    • The Israeli army announced that it had bombed “several tanks” in the Al-Shamie village area within the Suwayda governorate. The Israeli army considers the presence of these tanks in southern Syria a threat to the state of Israel and has stated it will not permit any military threat in southern Syria, continuing to repel such threats.
    • An “Arab state” (referring to Syria) had previously affirmed its intention to intervene to protect the Druze minority in case of threat.
    • Damascus had also warned against Israeli airstrikes after the April clashes.
    • The Druze population in Syria is estimated at around 700,000, mostly residing in the Suwayda governorate, which is considered their stronghold. They also have a presence in Jaramana and Sahnaia near Damascus, with limited numbers in Idlib.
    • Broader Geopolitical Context (indirectly related to Syrian conflict in sources):
    • The US President, Donald Trump, announced intentions to send Patriot air defense systems to Ukraine and hinted at imposing new sanctions on Russia, expressing disappointment with Russian President Vladimir Putin over the stalled peace talks regarding Ukraine. US Senators are also working on legislation to enable the imposition of strict sanctions on Russia. These tensions, while not directly described as part of the Syrian conflict, reflect a regional and international dynamic that could influence the Syrian theater.
    • The source also mentions Iran’s nuclear discussions being affected by a war with Israel, with key disagreements between Iran and the US over uranium enrichment levels. While Iran’s activities are mentioned, the sources do not directly link them to the Syrian conflict as a theater of operations.

    In essence, the sources provide a detailed account of the recent internal clashes and governmental responses in the Suwayda region of Syria, highlighting the complex interplay between local armed groups and government forces, alongside explicit mention of Israeli military action within Syrian territory. The broader geopolitical context in the sources, while touching on major powers, mostly relates to the Russia-Ukraine conflict and international diplomatic efforts, with their indirect implications for Syria.

    Gaza’s Deepening Crisis: Siege, Starvation, and Humanitarian Efforts

    The humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip is in a state of deep crisis, with the conflict having entered its 647th day. This prolonged period has been marked by intense escalation in aerial and artillery shelling, impacting numerous areas including Khan Yunis, Gaza City, and northern parts of the Strip.

    Key aspects of the Gaza humanitarian crisis, as detailed in the sources, include:

    • Civilian Casualties and Military Actions:
    • The Israeli army is consistently engaged in actions described as “massacres against displaced civilians”, leading to daily casualties, including dozens killed.
    • Recent reports highlight approximately 100 martyrs within a 24-hour period, with 52 among those waiting for humanitarian aid, alongside hundreds of injuries.
    • Since the onset of the Israeli aggression on October 7, 2023, cumulative casualties have tragically surpassed 58,000 martyrs and 138,000 injured.
    • There is deliberate targeting of humanitarian aid request centers.
    • The Israeli army has resorted to burning tents of displaced individuals west of Khan Yunis and destroying residential homes in the Al-Kateeba and Al-Buyuk neighborhoods of Khan Yunis City.
    • Severe Malnutrition Crisis:
    • The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) reported that over 5,800 Palestinian children in Gaza are suffering from malnutrition as of June.
    • More than a thousand of these children are afflicted with severe acute malnutrition, marking a concerning fourth consecutive monthly increase.
    • This devastating situation is a direct consequence of the systematic siege and starvation tactics employed in the conflict.
    • UNICEF has underscored the urgent necessity for widespread and rapid delivery of aid to Palestinians in Gaza.
    • The Gaza Strip has been under an 18-year Israeli siege, which, combined with the war’s destruction, has rendered approximately 1.5 million Palestinians homeless.
    • The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) issued warnings about the escalation of malnutrition cases in Gaza, attributing it to Israel’s continuous prevention of humanitarian aid entry since March.
    • Since March 2, Israel has closed Gaza crossings to aid trucks, leaving humanitarian supplies stalled at the borders. While only dozens of trucks are permitted entry, Palestinians require a minimum of 500 trucks daily.
    • UNRWA’s clinics have seen a surge in malnutrition cases since the Israeli government intensified the siege in March, with severe restrictions on essential medical supplies also in place.
    • Medical Staff Under Duress:
    • The Palestinian Ministry of Health in Gaza confirmed that medical personnel detained in Israeli occupation prisons face “tragic and difficult conditions”.
    • The occupation imposes severe restrictions on all prisoners, particularly medical staff.
    • A lawyer for detained physician Hussam Abu Safiya reported his deteriorating health due to deliberate denial of treatment. Abu Safiya underwent interrogation, continuous beatings, and has lost 40 kg since his arrest on December 27 of the previous year, also suffering from high blood pressure and weak heart muscle.
    • Since the start of the “war of genocide” on Gaza, 360 medical staff members have been arrested.
    • Among those detained are highly experienced doctors from vital and specialized medical fields, effectively depriving patients and the wounded of their critical expertise.
    • The Ministry of Health has urged immediate international intervention to criminalize the occupation’s practices against detained medical personnel and to pressure for their release.
    • Humanitarian Efforts to Break the Siege:
    • The “Handala” ship recently embarked from Italy with international activists on board, initiating a new mission to break the Israeli siege on Gaza and to denounce the “genocidal crimes” occurring in the Strip.
    • The International Committee to Break the Siege on Gaza, overseeing this initiative, affirmed that this is a continuation of previous solidarity efforts, including the “Madeleine” ship, and aims to pave the way for a larger wave of support.
    • The committee explicitly stated that “Israeli crimes” such as “maritime piracy, kidnapping activists, confiscating ships, and arresting solidarity activists” will not deter their commitment as long as the siege persists.
    • They reiterated that the “Handala” ship represents “not just a boat but a global cry of conscience and a message to the world” that breaking the siege is a humanitarian duty, not merely an option.
    • This marks the second attempt to break the siege in 35 days, following the “Madeleine” ship incident on June 9, 2025, where the Israeli army seized the vessel in international waters while it was en route to Gaza with humanitarian aid, leading to the arrest of its activists.
    • Broader Context (West Bank): While the primary focus is on Gaza, the sources also touch upon related humanitarian impacts in the West Bank, indicating a broader crisis affecting Palestinian territories. These include:
    • Demolition of inhabited homes, residential buildings, and agricultural facilities in the Bethlehem Governorate. For instance, a three-story building in Ma’ali Marah village and an under-construction house were demolished for lacking permits. Demolition notices were also issued in Al-Ma’sara village.
    • The Wall and Settlement Resistance Authority reported that in the first half of 2025, occupation authorities demolished approximately 588 facilities, impacting 843 Palestinians, including 411 children. This included the issuance of 556 demolition notices.
    • Incidents of settlers attempting to burn homes and other systematic attacks against Palestinians and their properties are also reported.
    • Ongoing arrest campaigns and military operations in various West Bank areas, particularly refugee camps in Jenin and Tulkarm, accompanied by heavy gunfire.
    • Palestinians face daily threats of shooting, arrest, and pursuit while attempting to reach work or cross checkpoints.
    • Settlers have caused widespread destruction to infrastructure and completely cut off water supply in areas like Ain Samia wells, which serve as the sole water source for dozens of villages.
    • International Diplomacy and Saudi Stance:
    • US envoy Steve Witkoff has expressed optimism regarding ongoing ceasefire negotiations in Gaza.
    • Saudi Arabia emphasizes its commitment to supporting humanitarian values globally, stressing that security cannot be built solely through military means but requires adherence to shared values.
    • The Kingdom’s approach to providing support has shifted towards seeking genuine partnerships based on mutual interests and accountability, rather than unconditional aid. This policy aims to foster stability and development in the region, advocating for dialogue and rejecting double standards in international law.

    Saudi Perspectives: Economy, Society, and Vision 2030

    Here are the column titles from the newspaper and their first two paragraphs of detail:

    1. تناقضات سوق النفط.. شّح أم فائض في المعروض؟ Crude Brent futures prices rose by 2.8% on Friday, driven by an International Energy Agency report confirming a global oil market tightening due to increased energy processing. OPEC+ did not ease this tightening, as additional supplies further boosted prices, exceeding expectations. Strong demand forecasts, along with Russia’s announcement of compensating its excess production in August and September, and a potential Saudi shipment to China of 51 million barrels in August, which is the largest in over two years, all contributed, according to Reuters. Over the week, Brent crude rose to $2.06 (3%), and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) rose by $1.95 (2.9%), recouping about 2% of losses from Thursday after U.S. crude inventories increased by 7.1 million barrels for the week ending July 4, offset by a decrease in gasoline inventories by 2.7 million barrels and distillates by 0.8 million barrels, according to the Energy Information Administration. Prices were also affected by investors evaluating the impact of tariffs imposed by President Trump, including 35% on Canadian imports, 25% on South Korea and Japan, and 50% on copper, starting August 1, with a threat to increase them if Canada retaliates.
    2. تحول فلسفة التوظيف The Human Resources Development Fund “Hadaf” achieved a qualitative leap in the employment of Saudis during the first quarter of 2025. It contributed to the employment of approximately 143,000 citizens in private sector establishments, achieving a growth rate of 93% compared to the same period last year. This achievement comes as an extension of the pivotal role played by the Fund in supporting and stimulating the labor market, enhancing the participation of national competencies in various economic sectors, and aligning with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 objectives, which place human beings at the heart of development, considering them a primary driver for sustainable growth, and contributing to the realization of empowerment and qualification programs based on a clear national strategy. At the level of training and career guidance programs, the Fund’s report revealed that approximately 1.18 million beneficiaries benefited from training and empowerment services during the first quarter of the year, representing a 4% increase from the same quarter last year.
    3. جائزة التميز العقاري ترسيخ للتنافسية Over recent years, the Kingdom’s real estate sector has witnessed accelerated and harmonious transformations at various levels, whether in terms of quality or regulation, driven by the modernization of the systemic and regulatory infrastructure. This has led to a significant leap in increasing its attractiveness and various investment opportunities, making this vital sector receive increasing attention daily, especially with the implementation of several major real estate projects by both the public and private sectors. Amidst these remarkable developments, the General Real Estate Authority announced the launch of the International Real Estate Excellence Award in a strategic partnership with the International Real Estate Federation (FIABCI), one of the most prominent real estate entities. The award perfectly aligns with the Real Estate Authority’s goals of diversifying real estate products and serves as an extension of FIABCI’s prestigious international award, “FIABCI Prix d’Excellence”.
    4. المملكة تعيد للعالم بوصلتها األخالقية The Kingdom has always been a prominent supporter in the Arab world, assisting the struggling and repairing the collapses left by failed policies and reckless adventures. Over the past decades, the Kingdom has paid heavy prices to support stability, even when some countries met support with betrayals and returned kindness with statements of doubt, insinuation, and the export of crises. Today, however, things have changed, and equations are no longer as they were. We are now in a new Saudi era that clearly distinguishes between random support and conditional support that entails change and commitment. Since the statement of His Excellency the Minister of Finance in Davos in 2023 that “direct grants have ended,” everyone realized that the era of open checks was over, and that Saudi Arabia is looking for new partnerships, not new parasites.
    5. السعودية ومحيطها الجديد! The success of countries, companies, and scientific institutions lies in their leaders—their vision and directions. What do they want? What values and ideas do they believe in? The main reasons for failure, for leaders at all levels, are the absence of vision and the inability to change. Most of them follow the policy of their predecessors, becoming prisoners of the past, its limitations, and its constraints. Even at the individual level, the son of a farmer becomes a farmer, and the son of a merchant becomes a merchant, unless circumstances change or external influences affect society, such as education and available opportunities. When we return to the leaders of nations, who are the most important and influential globally, we find that a leader is one who builds a prosperous and strong nation, or a poor and weak one; a productive and good life, or a miserable one. For example, if we consider the positive impact of leaders on two different nations – Singapore, small in size, no larger than an airbase in the Kingdom, and China, with its vast natural resources and enormous population – we find that each has amazed the world with the speed of its progress, becoming a model to follow in poverty eradication and doubling per capita income.
    6. االستشاريون األجانب وهويتنا المؤسسية؟ In light of the economic and social developments witnessed by countries and institutions, reliance on foreign consultants has become a widespread phenomenon in many sectors that typically seek external expertise to support their administrative decisions and achieve their strategic goals. While this option offers benefits such as global expertise, advanced techniques, and an unbiased perspective, excessive reliance on foreign consultants can become an obstacle to achieving institutional independence and benefiting from local competencies. One of the main reasons that drive institutions to seek foreign consultants is the need for specialized expertise that may not be available locally. In certain cases, this expertise can provide innovative solutions and global practices that contribute to improving institutional performance. However, over-reliance on this approach can foster a culture of dependency instead of building internal capabilities, as decisions are often made based on consultants’ recommendations without considering the cultural, social, and economic specificities of the local community, making these decisions ineffective in the long run or inconsistent with the institution’s reality.
    7. كن لصوتك مأوى Have you ever tried to speak to yourself with love? To embrace the words we adjust when we look in the mirror, or review the soul’s list of tasks late at night? It’s not about the words we say, but a conversation with the soul itself. Look into your eyes without shame, and whisper to it as if you were embracing a wronged friend. We know how to pat others on the back and say: “You’re fine… despite everything.” We offer a listening ear and extend a hand to those who break down, carrying them on our shoulders, while we leave ourselves in a corner, letting ourselves collapse in silence, seeking comfort and reassurance, but we forget and are content with patience from ourselves.
    8. مدن المواسم Seasonal tourist cities experience a noticeable economic stagnation outside peak seasons, which threatens the sustainability of commercial markets and negatively affects local family incomes and activities, even during summer or autumn. In cities located geographically in the southern Gulf Arab region, including Saudi Arabia and the Sultanate of Oman, where temperatures are milder in summer compared to other Gulf countries, everything thrives in seasonal cities, and markets flourish with local and international tourists, bringing abundant prosperity. When the season ends, life’s movement fades. This is due to the lack of sufficient models or a single source of activity for the local market during these off-peak periods, while movement in some Saudi regions like Abha remains relatively acceptable due to population density, but it does not achieve the broad movement that meets aspirations.
    9. سالاح الكلمة بين البناء والهدم The word is a vast concept, a comprehensive linguistic reservoir, shaping human life from absolute superficiality to profound spiritual and emotional depths. It extends across multiple levels of literature, ethics, ideas, and human emotions, accelerating within them. The intended word can be a single word or several, expressed through concise or elaborate styles. It can carry a constructive or destructive nature, and the conflict among people always revolves around the choice of words.
    10. معرفيّ في حلّة جديدة ٌ وقف However, amidst the hustle and bustle of daily life, some initiatives quietly emerge, carrying deep messages of awareness, reminding us that books have a life of their own, constantly renewed, and that knowledge belongs to its people and readers. Among these inspiring initiatives is what one of the academics in Riyadh did: he dedicated a corner of his home to receiving and sorting used books, and then offering them for free to students of knowledge, as a noble act of returning kindness to knowledge. This noble act of donating books is not merely a transient charity; rather, it embodies the concept of intellectual endowment in its societal context, and a belief that a book does not lose its value with time, but its impact grows when it moves from one mind to another. We have witnessed a growing trend of donating personal libraries after their owners’ passing or as they age. I experienced this myself when I was a member of a university committee responsible for libraries and academic donations. The university would receive numerous requests monthly to accept personal libraries, but its resources were often insufficient to accept them all due to limited space, repeated titles, or a lack of cataloging capacity.
    11. متحدث “أمن الدولة” صوت الوعي The balanced statements of the official spokesman for the Presidency of State Security, Colonel Turki Al-Harbi, are unwavering. They draw from a strategic depth of understanding and extend across broad horizons, showing immense concern for national security in its comprehensive sense, going beyond mere security procedures to maintaining awareness and protecting society from division and discord. In his recent address, Colonel Al-Harbi did not merely issue a transient statement; rather, he conveyed a profound and direct message to everyone who operates in the social media space without realizing the gravity of their actions.
    12. فقط في السعودية There is no country that adopts and implements its Sharia law, calls to God and fulfills the duty of the Sunnah, and combines a civilization that extends for thousands of years (like Al-Ula and Madain Saleh) with a future led by artificial intelligence and renewable energy, as Saudi Arabia does. It is a land where ages intersect in a unique harmony despite their temporal distance. The phrase “only in Saudi Arabia” has become the top trend on social media, and this campaign was not paid; rather, it was a voluntary phenomenon driven by those impressed by what they saw in Saudi Arabia. This is not a coincidence, but a complete story of a nation writing its glory, not waiting for opportunities, but creating them, line by line.
    13. أوراق محرر Days ago, I visited the Chinese Ambassador to the Kingdom, Mr. Zhang Hao, and was received by the Editor-in-Chief, Professor Hani Wafa. During the visit, the Chinese Ambassador praised the distinguished relations between the two countries and the keenness of their leaderships to strengthen them in all fields since the visit of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud—may God protect him—to the People’s Republic of China in 2017, which had a great impact on expanding areas of cooperation and increasing it in several political, economic, military, and security fields, and other priority areas, such as cooperation between the two countries in economic, industrial, and infrastructure projects. In addition to the visit witnessed by “Al Riyadh” newspaper, we also saw mutual cultural movement. The King Faisal Center for Research and Communication received a high-level delegation from the Chinese-Arab Center for Cultural Cooperation Studies, affiliated with Peking University for International Studies, and a cooperation agreement was signed between the center and Ningxia Institute at Ningxia University for Arab and International Studies.
    14. صيف من التمكين Summer has always been a season of waiting, a season where we searched for a glimmer of hope in summer programs that touch the needs of people with disabilities, a task that required immense effort and research to ensure that the opportunities were genuine. It was as if recreation and learning were exclusive to certain groups, but life evolves, and with it, visions develop, and circumstances change, turning yesterday’s dreams into today’s reality. Thanks to the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 and its comprehensive approach to empowerment, summer is no longer just a time for rest. Instead, it has become a season full of opportunities that extend programs for people with disabilities and inclusion. We no longer search for programs with difficulty; rather, programs offer themselves to us, hands extended, in ways we could not have imagined before. This transformation is not merely a transient initiative; rather, it reflects a deep-rooted belief in the capabilities of every individual in this nation.

    Saudi Arabian Progress and Global Engagement

    Here are the headings from the newspaper and two paragraphs of detail for each:

    • كلـمة The Shura Council, by majority vote, approved the annual report regarding the Health Committee’s recommendations to strengthen the mental health center, monitor all psychological applications and consultations operating in the Kingdom, oversee them, and establish a unified national framework for accrediting centers that provide health and social services in the governmental and private sectors, in coordination with relevant authorities. The Council also emphasized the center’s participation in the health awareness program in schools. The Shura Council, in another decision following the annual report, stressed the development of mechanisms to limit monopolistic practices by the Public Competition Authority through adopting the best international practices, and cooperating with the National Center for Systems to accelerate the linking with the “Etimad” platform.
    • إنفاق 1.83 مليار ريال لتأهيل السعوديين لسوق العمل The Human Resources Development Fund “Hadaf” achieved a qualitative leap in employing Saudis during the first quarter of 2025, contributing to the employment of about 143 thousand citizens in private sector establishments, thereby achieving a growth rate of 93% compared to the same period last year. This achievement comes as an extension of the pivotal role the Fund plays in supporting and stimulating the labor market, enhancing the participation of national competencies in various economic sectors, and aligning with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals, which place people at the heart of development, considering them a fundamental driver for sustainable growth, and contributing to the realization of programs that empower and qualify based on a clear national strategy.
    • »الشورى« يدعو لبرامج استثمارية متزامنة مع انعقاد معرض إكسبو 2030 The Council adopted the recommendations of the Trade Committee regarding the annual report of the Ministry of Investment and approved initiatives to attract and localize Saudi capital abroad, in line with investment opportunities in the Kingdom. The Ministry was also asked to address the intersection of specializations that affect the investment environment and to develop sustainability programs for its financial resources. In addition, it was asked to build a work plan and investment programs synchronized with the holding of Expo 2030 in the Kingdom.
    • حمالت تسويقية عقارية تجابه »إعادة التوازن« The real estate market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is witnessing a state of profound transformation amidst intense marketing interventions by developers to restore balance, while regulatory demands and calls from decision-makers aim to reorganize the sector and prioritize the needs of citizens. While cities are filled with real estate advertisements via social media, roads, and text messages, the reality reveals a market suffering from gradual stagnation and a decline in purchasing power, which necessitated a corrective movement at high levels.
    • المملكة تستضيف أبرز حدث دولي للمراجعين الداخليين 2027 The Institute of Internal Auditors announced that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia won the bid to host the International Conference of Internal Auditors (2027), represented by the Saudi Institute of Internal Auditors, after intense competition with several candidate countries. The announcement came during the International Conference of Internal Auditors (2025) currently held in Toronto, Canada, where the Saudi Institute is participating as the past sponsor and with a delegation headed by His Excellency the President of the General Auditing Bureau and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Saudi Institute of Internal Auditors, Dr. Hussam bin Abdulmohsen Al-Anqari, whose delegation is considered the largest among the participating countries with more than (170) professionals and specialists.
    • مبادرة للحد من المكاتب الوهمية والممارسات غير النظامية بالقطاع الهندسي The Saudi Council of Engineers confirmed to “Al-Riyadh” that one of the most prominent challenges facing the engineering sector in the Kingdom is commercial concealment, indicating that this phenomenon is considered one of the most important irregular practices that the Council seeks to limit within its strategy aimed at raising the quality of engineering outputs and enhancing the efficiency of the market and protecting it, as well as the national economy. The Council explained that it held several workshops during the past year in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam, attended by representatives of engineering offices and companies, during which the challenges affecting the sector were identified, most notably commercial concealment.
    • ســـوريــة: القوات الحكومية تتقدم نحو السويداء Syrian government forces, reinforced with tanks, armored vehicles, and hundreds of fighters, took control of Al-Mazra’a village, which has a Druze majority, located on the outskirts of Sweida and continued their advance towards the city, according to a correspondent for Agence France-Presse on Monday. The correspondent witnessed forces belonging to the Ministries of Defense and Interior deploying in the village, which they entered amid ongoing battles in the region since Sunday between armed Druze and tribes, which resulted in dozens of deaths.
    • االحتالل يواصل ارتكاب المجازر بحق المدنيين النازحين في غزة The war on the Gaza Strip entered its 647th day consecutively, amidst intense escalation in air and artillery shelling that targeted multiple areas, including Khan Younis, Gaza City, and the northern Gaza Strip. The Israeli army continues to commit massacres against displaced civilians in the Strip, targeting multiple areas with its aerial raids and artillery shelling, which resulted in daily casualties and injuries, in addition to deliberately targeting centers for humanitarian aid requests.
    • المملكة تستضيف المؤتمر الدولي للمراجعين الداخليين 2027 The Institute of Internal Auditors announced that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia won the bid to host the International Conference of Internal Auditors (2027), represented by the Saudi Institute of Internal Auditors, after intense competition with several candidate countries. The announcement came during the International Conference of Internal Auditors (2025) currently held in Toronto, Canada, where the Saudi Institute is participating as the past sponsor and with a delegation headed by His Excellency the President of the General Auditing Bureau and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Saudi Institute of Internal Auditors, Dr. Hussam bin Abdulmohsen Al-Anqari, whose delegation is considered the largest among the participating countries with more than (170) professionals and specialists.
    • القيادة تهنئ الرئيس الفرنسي بذكرى اليوم الوطني The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, sent a cable of congratulations to His Excellency President Emmanuel Macron of the French Republic on the occasion of his country’s National Day. His Majesty the King expressed his sincerest congratulations and best wishes for His Excellency’s health and happiness, and for the progress and prosperity of the friendly French Republic and its people and government.
    • تقرير أعمال الهالل األحمر على طاولة سعود بن نايف His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Nayef bin Abdulaziz, Governor of the Eastern Region, received in his office at the Emirate’s Court yesterday, Mr. Saleh bin Alwan Al-Shamrani, Director General of the Ministry of Health branch in the Eastern Region, on the occasion of his appointment. His Highness congratulated Al-Shamrani, wishing him success in his duties, emphasizing the importance of continuing efforts to develop health services and improve their quality for citizens and residents, in a way that achieves the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 in the health sector.
    • أمير نجران: القيادة حريصة على تعزيز النزاهة His Royal Highness Prince Jalawi bin Abdulaziz bin Musaed, Governor of Najran Region, received in his office yesterday, the Head of the Oversight and Anti-Corruption Authority, Mazen bin Ibrahim Al-Kahmous. During the reception, His Highness praised the keenness and attention of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Ministers – may God protect them – to promote integrity, transparency, and combat corruption, and to preserve public funds and protect national gains.
    • فيصل بن مشعل يناقش مشروعات وسط بريدة His Royal Highness Prince Dr. Faisal bin Mishaal bin Saud bin Abdulaziz, Governor of Al-Qassim Region, chaired a meeting in his office at the Emirate’s headquarters to discuss development projects in Buraidah city center, with the presence of His Royal Highness Prince Mutaib bin Fahd Al-Faisal, member of the Historical Landmarks Committee, and officials from relevant authorities and specialists. During the meeting, His Highness reviewed the progress of work on the city center development projects and plans to preserve the historical identity of Buraidah’s heritage and culture, while also considering the requirements of contemporary development and improving the central infrastructure of the region.
    • محمد بن عبدالرحمن يستقبل نائب أمير جازان وسفير عمان His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Governor of Riyadh Region, received in his office at the Palace of Justice yesterday, Prince Nasser bin Mohammed bin Jalawi on the occasion of the royal trust in appointing him as Deputy Governor of Jazan Region, wishing him success in his entrusted duties. Prince Nasser expressed his gratitude and appreciation to His Royal Highness the Governor of the Region, praying to God for his success and guidance in serving religion, then the King and the nation.
    • ..وتعزي رئيس نيجيريا في وفاة محمد بخاري The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, sent a cable of condolences and sympathy to His Excellency President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, on the passing of former President Muhammad Buhari. His Majesty the King said: “We learned with great sorrow the news of the passing of His Excellency former President Muhammad Buhari of the Federal Republic of Nigeria – may God have mercy on him. We send to your Excellency, the brotherly people of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the family of the deceased, our deepest condolences and sincere sympathy. We ask Allah Almighty to encompass him with His vast mercy and forgiveness, and to admit him to His spacious Paradise, and to protect you from all harm. Indeed, to Allah we belong and to Him we shall return”.
    • أمير جازان يفتتح مبنى »الموارد البشرية« His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Abdulaziz, Governor of Jazan Region, yesterday inaugurated the new building of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development branch in Jazan, as part of His Highness’s keenness to develop the work environment and improve the level of services provided to the beneficiaries and residents of the region. Upon His Highness’s arrival, he was received by the Director General of the Ministry’s branch in Jazan, Eng. Ahmed bin Mohammed Al-Qunfudhi, who gave a presentation about the building, which is located on an area of 14,700 square meters, with a construction value exceeding 24.5 million riyals, and consists of three floors, with a capacity of 350 employees.
    • مطالبات شورية باستقطاب رؤوس األموال السعودية في الخارج The Shura Council, by majority vote, approved the recommendations of the Health Committee regarding the annual report of the Mental Health Center, and requested strengthening mental health applications, monitoring all psychological consultations operating in the Kingdom, overseeing them, and establishing a unified national framework for accrediting centers that provide health and social services in the governmental and private sectors, in coordination with relevant authorities, and emphasized the center’s participation in the school health awareness program. The Council adopted the recommendations of the Trade Committee regarding the annual report of the Ministry of Investment and approved initiatives to attract and localize Saudi capital abroad, in line with investment opportunities in the Kingdom.
    • انتقادات ضعف اإلنجازات الرياضية ودعوات للتصدي للتعصب اإلعالمي In this context, Dr. Abdullah Al-Najjar, a member of the Shura Council, called on the Ministry of Sports, in coordination with the Ministry of Education and relevant authorities, to work on establishing a joint institutional framework and programs to activate school and university sports, including developing curricula, physical activity, and sports nurturing, discovering talents, and linking them to qualification paths for sports and professionalism. On the annual report of the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources, Dr. Hani Aburas requested the Ministry to study the development of standard incentives that enable a flexible system.
    • وزير العدل يلتقي نظيره المجري His Excellency the Minister of Justice, Dr. Walid Al-Samaani, met with His Excellency the Hungarian Minister of Justice, Dr. Bence Tüttő, during his official visit to Hungary. His Excellency discussed with his Hungarian counterpart ways to enhance cooperation between the two countries in the judicial and justice fields, and reviewed the developments witnessed by the Kingdom in the judicial and justice sectors with the support of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and the supervision and follow-up of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Ministers – may God protect them – especially regarding the specialized legislation system and its role in achieving swift justice.
    • مفتي المملكة يستقبل عدًدا من المسؤولين His Eminence the Grand Mufti of the Kingdom, Chairman of the Council of Senior Scholars and President of the General Presidency for Scientific Research and Ifta, Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Abdullah Al Sheikh, received in his office at the Presidency’s headquarters in Taif, the Director General of the General Presidency for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice branch in Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, Fouad bin Saud Al-Omari, and his accompanying delegation. Al-Omari reviewed the efforts, participation, and work undertaken by the Authority in Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, entrusted to it.
    • مطالبات بمنتجعات عالجية وحوافز للكوادر الصحية في المستشفيات الطرفية Dr. Ibtisam Al-Jubairi emphasized the necessity of establishing and developing long-term health care resorts and treatment centers in suitable natural environments, in line with the objectives of the Kingdom’s Vision programs. Al-Jubairi presented justifications for her proposal, stating that the global medical tourism market exceeded 240 billion dollars in the 1445-1446 report, with expectations to exceed 700 billion dollars by 2033, at a growth rate exceeding 19%. She added, “In the Kingdom, the percentage of elderly people is expected to reach 18% by 2050, which enhances the need for such services”.
    • أمين الشرقية يدشن مشروع إنشاء دوار جمالي في بقيق The Mayor of the Eastern Province signed a memorandum of understanding, Eng. Fahd Al-Jubeir, to implement a project for the construction of a beautiful square and roundabout at the southern entrance to Al-Baqiq Governorate, as part of the Amanah’s efforts to enhance partnership with the private sector and improve and highlight the urban and industrial identity of the cities. The Eastern Province Amanah confirmed that this project is one of the qualitative initiatives that aim to improve the quality of life, through the development of vital entrances to cities, and enhance their character reflecting their human attractiveness.
    • وفد من »تطوير التعليم« و»موهبة« يطلع على »إثرائي سعود« King Saud University’s female students’ campus received a delegation from King Abdulaziz and His Men Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity – “Mawhiba” – as part of an official visit to learn about the Mawhiba Enrichment Academic Program held at the university. After a tour of the program’s facilities and the scientific tracks offered, the delegation members praised the organizational efforts, high training competencies, and expressed their pride in the level achieved by the female students and their distinguished interaction in the program, highlighting its positive impact on developing their skills and scientific and innovative abilities.
    • اختتام أعمال الحج بالمدينة The branch of the Presidency of Religious Affairs organized the closing ceremony for the Hajj season of 1446 AH at the Prophet’s Mosque, under the patronage of His Excellency the President of Religious Affairs at the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, Sheikh Abdulrahman bin Abdulaziz Al-Sudais, and with the presence of several excellencies and authorities participating in the programs and initiatives of the operational plan for the season. The ceremony began with a recitation from the Holy Quran, followed by an opening speech that discussed the most prominent programs and initiatives implemented during the season. Then, everyone watched a visual documentary presentation about the efforts and activities provided for the guests of God within the framework of the operational plan for the Hajj season.
    • جامعة جدة توقع ع مع »واس للتدريب« ّ Jeddah University, represented by the College of Social Sciences and Media, signed a memorandum of understanding with “WAS” Academy for Training, with the aim of developing joint cooperation in the fields of training, scientific research, and consultations, and ensuring quality, which contributes to achieving the strategic goals of both parties. The memorandum includes the implementation of joint training programs and the exchange of academic and technical experiences, in addition to supporting efforts to develop curricula and training courses, and participating in research activities and scientific studies.
    • جامعة جازان تفتح باب القبول للدراسات العليا Jazan University, represented by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, announced the opening of the admission portal for graduate programs for the second period of the academic year 1447 AH, starting from Sunday, July 27, 2025. The Dean of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at the university, Dr. Abdullah bin Musa, explained that the opening of the admission portal for the second period comes within the framework of the university’s ambitious strategic plan to expand graduate programs and improve their outcomes, including higher diplomas, master’s, and doctorate degrees.
    • مستشفى الدكتور سليمان الحبيب بالفيحاء في جدة يعيد قدرة اإلنجاب ألربعينية بعد عقم استمر 8 سنوات By the grace of God, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital in Al-Fayhaa, Jeddah, was able to restore the ability to conceive to a 36-year-old woman after 8 years of infertility, during which she underwent a tiring journey of searching for conception in several hospitals in the Kingdom, but her attempts were not successful. This was explained by Dr. Tariq Jalbaya, Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility Treatment and Assisted Reproduction, and Head of the Medical Team, who holds a British Fellowship in Reproductive Medicine.
    • حرم الشيخ عبدالملك الصحاف إلى رحمة الله The wife of Sheikh Abdulmalik Al-Sahhaf – may God have mercy on him – passed away yesterday, she is the mother of Attaf, Adnan, Abdulrahman, Emad, and Hisham, and their sister. Her body was buried in Al-Baqi’ in the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, and condolences will be received starting from today, Tuesday, for three days at her son Attaf’s house in Al-Nuzha district.
    • قائد استثنائي ورؤية غيرت مالمح المستقبل Engineer Samer Ramadan, General Manager of Al-Aamal Al-Mutanawwi’ah for Industry Company, expressed in an exclusive interview with “Al-Riyadh” newspaper, his great pride and appreciation for the exceptional achievements of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030, led by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – and His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Ministers – may God protect him. Engineer Samer began his speech by extending the sincerest congratulations and blessings to the wise leadership on the occasion of the success of Vision 2030, emphasizing that what has been achieved during the past years is a true historical transformation in various sectors.
    • المهندس سامر رمضان: رؤية 2030 حولت التحديات إلى فرص وجعلت من السعودية نموذًجا تنموًيا عالمًيا Engineer Samer Ramadan said: “His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman is not only a unique political leader, but also a strategic thinker who possesses a comprehensive and clear vision for the future”. “He was able to transform challenges into development opportunities, and create an unprecedented economic dynamism, making the Kingdom an exemplary model regionally and globally”.
    • تهنئة للقيادة بمناسبة نجاح رؤية 2030 Engineer Samer Ramadan, General Manager of Al-Aamal Al-Mutanawwi’ah for Industry Company, extends the sincerest congratulations and blessings to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and His Royal Highness the Crown Prince, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, on the occasion of the success of Saudi Vision 2030 and the developmental and civilizational achievements realized during it.
    • حمالت تسويقية عقارية تجابه »إعادة التوازن« The real estate market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is witnessing a state of profound transformation amidst intense marketing interventions by developers to restore balance, while regulatory demands and calls from decision-makers aim to reorganize the sector and prioritize the needs of citizens. While cities are filled with real estate advertisements via social media, roads, and text messages, the reality reveals a market suffering from gradual stagnation and a decline in purchasing power, which necessitated a corrective movement at high levels.
    • مصطافو عروس المصائف لـ »{«: أجواء خالبة وجمال أخاذ Visitors and tourists confirmed to “Al-Riyadh” that staying in Al-Taif is the ideal choice for many citizens of the Kingdom and vacationers, as it is a tourist area par excellence, thanks to the attractive elements it possesses, which give the visitor the opportunity to enjoy the charming atmosphere, in addition to the diversity of services and unique activities in places of special beauty and charm. Sanan Al-Majali, Director of Public Relations at the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Jordan, says: “During my recent visit to the sisterly Kingdom for Hajj rituals, I had a unique stop in Taif, the ‘Bride of Resorts’, and in fact – from my experience – I consider it the most beautiful of the Kingdom’s cities,” noting that this is his fourth visit to the enchanting city whose beauty never fades, no matter how many times he visits.
    • وزير السياحة: الطائف تحظى بطبيعة ساحرة واعتدال مناخي His Excellency the Minister of Tourism and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Saudi Tourism Authority, Mr. Ahmed Aqeel Al-Khateeb, visited Taif Governorate at the beginning of his field tours in various destinations within the “Saudi Summer 2025” program, which recently launched under the slogan “Color Your Summer”. His Excellency headed a delegation composed of a number of leaders from the Ministry and the Saudi Tourism system, and the visit included a tour of a number of tourist landmarks in Taif city, with the aim of following up on the visitor’s experience, assessing the available facilities for visitors, and evaluating everything related to the quality of services provided.
    • تراجع التمويل العقاري يشعل حرب التسويق وحرق األسعار In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the real estate market is undergoing a deep transformation, amidst intensive marketing practices by developers to restore balance, while regulatory interventions aim to reorganize the sector and prioritize the needs of citizens. While cities are filled with real estate advertisements via social media, roads, and text messages, the reality reveals a market suffering from gradual stagnation and a decline in purchasing power, which necessitated a corrective movement at high levels.
    • إعالنات »الفرصة الذهبية« تواجه وعًيا جديًدا والقطاع يدخل مرحلة تصحيح To face the accumulation of unsold residential units, a number of real estate development companies resorted to misleading marketing campaigns that exceeded discounts and payment facilities, and adopted an emotional discourse to convince buyers that “the opportunity will not be repeated”. However, according to experts, these methods contributed to creating an inaccurate picture of the market and misleading expectations among the public.
    • ضعف اإلقبال على شراء المواشي الحية بالوزن خالل الشهر األول للتطبيق The sale of live livestock by weight in public benefit markets has witnessed a reluctance from both livestock traders and consumers since its implementation began at the beginning of Muharram this year 1446 AH. A number of consumers and livestock traders attributed this to the lack of benefit that accrues to both the seller and the buyer from applying this system, noting that the majority of preferred sheep and livestock breeds do not tolerate sale by weight due to their small size.
    • النفط يرتفع مع ترقب العقوبات الروسية ومخاوف تأثر اإلمدادات Oil prices rose on Monday, adding to gains exceeding 2% on Friday, with anticipation for more US sanctions on Russia that could affect global supplies, and continued uncertainty regarding tariffs limiting gains. Brent crude futures rose by 21 cents, or 0.3%, to reach $70.57 per barrel, extending its gains from Friday, which amounted to 2.51%.
    • الذهب ألعلى مستوى مع اتساع رقعة الحرب التجارية Gold prices touched a three-week high yesterday, Monday, supported by demand for safe-haven assets after US President Donald Trump threatened to impose 30% tariffs on imports from the European Union and Mexico. Spot gold price rose by 0.1% to $3,359.69 per ounce, after reaching its highest level since June 23 earlier in the session.
    • إنفاق 1.83 مليار ريال لتأهيل السعوديين لسوق العمل The Human Resources Development Fund “Hadaf” achieved a qualitative leap in employing Saudis during the first quarter of 2025, contributing to the employment of about 143 thousand citizens in private sector establishments, thereby achieving a growth rate of 93% compared to the same period last year. This achievement comes as an extension of the pivotal role the Fund plays in supporting and stimulating the labor market, enhancing the participation of national competencies in various economic sectors, and aligning with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals, which place people at the heart of development, considering them a fundamental driver for sustainable growth, and contributing to the realization of programs that empower and qualify based on a clear national strategy.
    • جائزة التميز العقاري ترسيخ للتنافسية The real estate sector in the Kingdom has witnessed rapid and coordinated transformations at various levels over the past years, whether in terms of quality or regulation, driven by the modernization of the regulatory and legislative infrastructure. This has significantly enhanced its attractiveness and increased investment opportunities, especially with the implementation of several major real estate projects by both the public and private sectors.
    • قطاع التعدين السعودي األسرع نموًا عالميًا The Saudi mining sector recorded the fastest growth globally in the investment environment. The Kingdom ranks second among the best countries in the world for mining in terms of legislative and regulatory frameworks, according to the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources 2024 report.
    • إيران: ال موعد محددًا لمحادثات نووية مع الواليات المتحدة Iran stated on Monday that there is “no specific date” yet for a meeting between its Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi and US envoy Steve Witkoff to discuss its nuclear program, after the war with Israel led to the suspension of talks. The Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman, Ismail Baqaei, said in response to journalists’ questions on the matter: “So far, no date, time, or specific location has been set for this issue”.
    • الرئيس األميركي يعد كييف بمنظومات »باتريوت« ويلمح لمعاقبة موسكو US President Donald Trump announced that the United States will send “Patriot” air defense systems to Ukraine to help it repel Russian attacks, and hinted at imposing new sanctions on Moscow, as his relationship with his Russian counterpart Putin deteriorates. Trump’s announcement came after he said earlier that he would issue an “important statement” regarding Russia on Monday.
    • اليوسف يدعو لتفعيل اللجنة العليا اللبنانية – الكويتية Lebanese President Joseph Aoun affirmed on Monday that his country’s relations with Kuwait are “deep-rooted and growing day by day”. President Aoun said, upon receiving the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior of Kuwait, Sheikh Fahad Yusuf Al-Sabah, this morning: “Lebanon is keen to strengthen cooperation with the State of Kuwait, because the two countries are bound by a sense of brotherhood and love that is sufficient to make Kuwaitis feel at home in Lebanon when they come here”.
    • سورية: ارتفاع حصيلة اشتباكات السويداء إلى 89 قتياًل The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights announced on Monday that 89 people have been killed in clashes in Sweida, southern Syria, between Druze fighters and armed Bedouins. The Observatory said that the dead include 46 Druze fighters and four civilians from Sweida, 18 Bedouin fighters, 14 security forces, and seven unidentified individuals in military uniform.
    • مشروع قانون يتيح لواشنطن فرض عقوبات على روسيا Members of the US Senate announced on Sunday their intention to introduce a joint bipartisan bill that would allow President Donald Trump to impose strict sanctions on Russia. Trump hinted that he is open to the sanctions bill amid increasing coldness in his relationship with his Russian counterpart.
    • احتفالية وطنية فرنسية وسط تهديدات تحيط بالقارة االأوروبية The French National Day celebrations began yesterday, Monday, in Paris with a military parade that highlights the “readiness for combat” of the army “in a more brutal world,” following President Emmanuel Macron’s pledge to increase defense spending to confront security threats facing Europe, especially the Russian threat. The parade was opened by a contingent of Indonesian forces, in a symbolic gesture that comes after Paris forged a strategic partnership with Jakarta to increase its influence in the Indo-Pacific region.
    • جهود متكاملة لتأهيل الكفاءات في القطاع الثقافي The Ministry of Culture issued the “Work, Training, and Education Bulletin” for the cultural sector for 2023, which reviewed the most prominent indicators and statistics related to academic and vocational qualification and training in cultural and artistic professions within the cultural organization in the Kingdom. The bulletin indicates that the number of workers in cultural professions (direct and indirect) reached 216,878 employees. The number of workers in direct cultural professions reached 173,217 employees, including professions classified as related to culture.
    • »ورث« يعّرف بالفنون السعودية في أوساكا The Royal Institute of Traditional Arts “Wirth” is participating in the Saudi Cultural Week held in Expo Osaka 2025, with the aim of strengthening the presence of Saudi traditional arts on the international stage, empowering pioneers, and providing live experiences to the public, coinciding with the Year of Handicrafts from July 12 to 15, 2025. This participation comes within the context of celebrating 70 years of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Japan, which embodies the depth of cultural ties between the two countries and opens new horizons for cooperation and joint creativity.
    • »الدراسات اللغوية« تستكشف التراث واللسانيات الحديثة King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies issued the fourth issue of the twenty-seventh volume of “Linguistic Studies” journal, which focuses on rigorous scientific studies in the fields of grammar, morphology, linguistics, and prosody. The issue included a collection of studies that struck a balance between reviving heritage and openness to modern linguistic approaches.
    • »مدائح تائهة«.. تأمالت في فضيلة المديح “Don Books” House in Cairo recently released the first edition of the book “Lost Praises” by the Saudi writer Raed Al-Eid, his fourth book after three previous books in his authorial journey that established his name in the contemporary Arab writing scene. The book captures the details of daily life, from a simple bird’s nest on a roof in ancient times to a “like” on social media today.
    • »المتاحف« بالتعاون مع »التراث« تدعو الباحثين للمشاركة في مؤتمر البحر األحمر The Museums Authority, in cooperation with the Heritage Authority, launched an invitation to participate in the Red Sea Conference in its twelfth edition, which will be held from April 9 to 12, 2026, at the eagerly awaited Red Sea Museum in the historical Bab Al-Bunt building, located in the heart of Historic Jeddah, which has been registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2014. This event comes within the Kingdom’s efforts to enhance cultural and research activity in the region and activate the role of museums as a bridge for civilizational and intellectual communication.
    • »حمود وأبوه« أوصلتني للرجل شرير Actress Aisha Kay’s character in the series “Hamoud and his Father” changes from what the audience knew in the popular series “Al-Aqsa Street,” which was shown last Ramadan, as social comedy and a family story. The story of the series “Hamoud and his Father” revolves around Hamoud, a cheerful young man, and his father Khamis, a man who loves life and embraces it, dealing with each other as friends, with smiles never leaving their faces.
    • عمرو دياب »ابتدينا«.. من جدة إلى العالم The distinguished artist Amr Diab recently released his new album titled “Ibtidena,” which includes a collection of new songs produced in cooperation with a number of renowned poets and composers in the Arab scene. The album was released on digital platforms and streaming services and received remarkable interaction from the artist’s audience.
    • الكوميديا السهلة.. فن اللعب على »المضمون« Saudi cinema in its new phase is witnessing a broad expansion and a remarkable development in production and audience presence, and the level of techniques and directorial vision. However, this expansion is accompanied by a phenomenon that requires pause and contemplation, which is the dominance of comedy films on the scene, and a near absence of action films and a decline in serious dramatic works.
    • إثارة الحلبة تجتاح الشاشة السينمائية Amidst the roar of engines and the cheers of the crowd, American star Brad Pitt returns to the big screen in one of the most anticipated films of 2025, “F1,” a sports drama that transcends reality in entertainment, combining excitement and redefining the relationship between cinema and Formula 1 racing. The film is produced by Apple Original Films in collaboration with Jerry Bruckheimer, and directed by Joseph Kosinski, known for his striking visual creativity in films such as Top Gun: Maverick.
    • الرياض تحتضن كوميديا العالم.. Riyadh is preparing to host the largest international comedy festival, with its activities starting from the 26th of September and continuing until the 10th of October, with the participation of fifty stand-up comedy stars from various countries around the world, in an event considered the first of its kind in the region. The organization of this festival comes within the framework of the Riyadh season, which has succeeded in attracting the most prominent international events during the past years, and has also been able to place the Kingdom at the forefront of the global map for entertainment and contemporary arts.
    • المملكة تعيد للعالم بوصلته األخالقية The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has always been a beacon in the Arab world, the first supporter, upholding the stumbling, and mending the breakdowns caused by failed policies and reckless adventures. The Kingdom has paid a heavy price during the past decades to support stability, even when some countries met support with betrayal, and returned kindness with statements of doubt, insinuation, and export of crises.
    • جمعية تأهيل.. صرٌح إنساني تتوهج فيه اإلرادة ويتجسد التميز In a time when the world is reeling under the weight of declining ethical values, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia emerges as a magnificent castle of humanity, calling for humanity to be restored to its rightful place, which it almost lost. The Kingdom did not content itself with traditional diplomatic speeches, but rather launched a thunderous cry to awaken a world drowning in narrow interests, a world that almost forgot the principles of justice and humanity.
    • فتش عن القيادة In the light of the economic and social developments witnessed by countries and institutions, reliance on foreign consultants has become a common phenomenon in many sectors that usually seek external expertise to support their administrative decisions and achieve their strategic goals. Despite the benefits provided by this option, represented by global experience, advanced technologies, and an impartial perspective, excessive reliance on foreign consultants can become an obstacle to achieving institutional independence and benefiting from local competencies.
    • ن لصوتك مأوى ُك Have you ever tried to love yourself? Have you ever tried to talk to yourself with affection? The talk we hide and modify our appearance in front of the mirror, or review the list of tasks for the soul… but a talk to the soul that you hide from your eyes, in the late night. That you talk to yourself as if you were consoling someone you lost, but you whisper to it as if you were consoling a sick person. We know how to pat others on the shoulder and offer a listening ear when they break down, but we forget ourselves in a corner, letting it break down in silence, without comfort or reassurance, but we content ourselves with patience from it.
    • مدن المواسم Seasonal tourist cities suffer from a noticeable economic stagnation outside peak seasons, which threatens the sustainability of commercial markets and negatively affects the income of local families and businesses, especially in cities where the season extends until summer or autumn. In the Arabian Gulf region, especially in the coastal areas of Saudi Arabia and the Sultanate of Oman, where temperatures intensify in the summer, everything flourishes in seasonal cities, and markets thrive with local and international tourists and abundant rainfall.
    • صالح الكلمة بين البناء والهدم The word is a vast realm, and a comprehensive linguistic treasury, that shapes human life, from absolute superficiality to profound spiritual and emotional depths. It is extended and includes multiple levels of literature and ethics, and within it, human thoughts and feelings accelerate.
    • وقف معرفي جديد However, in the hustle and bustle of daily life, some initiatives appear quietly, each renewing itself, and for books there is a life that reminds us that knowledge belongs to its people and to the reader. Among these inspiring initiatives is what one of the academics in Riyadh did, where he dedicated a corner of his house to receive used books, categorize them, and offer them for free to students of knowledge, in a noble gesture of returning kindness to knowledge.
    • متحدث “أمن الدولة” صوت الوعي The official spokesman for the Presidency of State Security, Colonel Turki Al-Harbi, has made decisive statements that reflect a strategic depth of understanding and a far-reaching vision, and a great keenness on the security of the homeland in its comprehensive sense. This extends beyond mere security procedures to maintaining awareness, protecting society from disintegration and division.
    • فقط في السعودية There is no country that mixes creed and applies its Sharia, calling to God with wisdom and enjoining good and forbidding evil, and establishing a civilization that extends for thousands of years (like Al-Ula and Mada’in Salih) alongside a future driven by artificial intelligence and renewable energy, as Saudi Arabia does. It is a stage where eras intersect in a unique harmony despite their distance.
    • السعودية والصين.. جسور ثقافية A few days ago, the Chinese Ambassador to the Kingdom visited “Al-Riyadh” newspaper and was received by its acting editor-in-chief, Mr. Hani Wafa. During the visit, the Chinese Ambassador praised the distinguished relations between the two countries and the keenness of their leaderships and peoples to strengthen them in all fields, especially since the visit of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – to the People’s Republic of China in 2017, which had a great impact on expanding areas of cooperation between the two countries in several priority areas, such as political, economic, military, and security fields, including economic and industrial projects and infrastructure.
    • من التمكين صيف Summer has always been a waiting station, a station where we searched for a glimmer of hope in summer programs that touch the needs of people with disabilities, a demanding effort and research for correct opportunities, as if recreation and learning were exclusive to one group over another. However, life evolves, and with it, visions develop, and variables change, making yesterday’s dreams today’s reality.
    • ثلاثي الهالل يقود تشكيلة المونديال “SofaScore” website revealed the ideal lineup for the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup, which was won by Chelsea Football Club after their big 3-0 victory over Paris Saint-Germain in the final match played between them on Sunday. “SofaScore” relied on statistics from the players’ journey throughout the tournament, which for the first time saw the participation of 32 teams competing in 63 matches over a month, hosted by the United States.
    • جيسوس مدربًا للنصر Yesterday, Al-Nassr Club announced on its official social media platform X, the signing of a contract with Portuguese coach Jesus for one season. Jesus was previously the coach of Al-Hilal, the traditional rival, during the past two seasons, leading them to achieve several titles in his first season.
    • االتفاق يبدأ معسكر البرتغال Al-Ettifaq team departed today, Tuesday, for its external preparatory camp in Portugal, which is the second phase of preparation after the first phase in Spain. Al-Ettifaq’s first football team had begun its preparations for the new season two days before departure, through training sessions held at its home stadium in Dammam.
    • نيوم يتفق مع تشاكا العب ليفركوزن Several reports from Germany stated that Granit Xhaka, Bayer Leverkusen’s midfielder, is preparing to join the list of departing players from the German league runner-up this summer. Sky TV channel reported that the 32-year-old Swiss international reached a preliminary verbal agreement with Neom Club regarding his transfer this summer.
    • مودريتش ينضم لميالن.. رسميًا The veteran Croatian international Luka Modric joined AC Milan after 13 seasons with Real Madrid, the Italian club announced yesterday, Monday, on its official website. “AC Milan is pleased to announce that Luka Modric has signed a contract with the club until June 30, 2026, with an option to extend for one year until June 30, 2027,” the Italian champions said in a statement.
    • برشلونة يتعاقد مع بردغجي Barcelona announced the signing of Swedish winger Roan Bardghji from Copenhagen, with a contract extending until 2029 with the Spanish La Liga champions. Bardghji, 19, started his career in Kuwait before moving to Sweden with Malmö in 2021 and continued with them until his departure to Catalonia.
    • مونديال األندية.. بالمر يهدي تشلسي اللقب الكبير Chelsea, the English club, won the title of the first edition of the new FIFA Club World Cup in its expanded format, after their big 3-0 victory over Paris Saint-Germain, thanks to their star Cole Palmer in the final match at “MetLife” stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. Paris Saint-Germain entered the match as a strong contender for the title, aiming for their fifth trophy out of five possible this season, not only having secured the domestic league and cup but also seeking their first-ever UEFA Champions League title and the inaugural expanded Club World Cup.
    • السوبر.. هذه النتيجة! I have written more than once about the Super Cup tournament, its hosting method, its venue, and its timing. I also said that the Saudi Football Federation needs to deal with the tournaments strategically, so that the goals of holding any tournament are clear, and a detailed and clear strategy is developed for it.
    • ليفربول يكرم جوتا ويحجب رقمه لألبد Liverpool, the English club, honored its player Diogo Jota, the Portuguese international striker, in their first friendly match since his tragic loss, in a preparatory match against Preston (Championship) which they won 3-1. Arne Slot, Liverpool’s Dutch coach, praised the late striker in an interview published on Sunday, saying that he “was a hero” in everything he did.
    • المبطي يتألق ويحقق الثاني في بطولة ڤالكينزڤارد Saudi equestrian Abdullah Al-Mabti achieved second place on the second day of the Valkenswaard International Show Jumping Championship in the Netherlands, in the four-star category. Al-Mabti’s victory came after his horse “Davenport” performed brilliantly, completing the round with no penalty points and a time of 63.78 seconds, just three hundredths of a second behind the Dutch rider Harry Smolders, who finished first with no penalty points and a time of 63.75 seconds.
    • جمعية »أصدقاء« تحتفي بتخرج أبناء الالعبين السابقين The Friends of Football Players Charitable Association will celebrate today, Tuesday, July 15, the graduation of more than 100 male and female students, children of former football players, who excelled in general education stages and higher education stages. The ceremony will be held in the Saudi Olympic and Paralympic Committee Hall, with the presence of His Excellency the Assistant Minister of Sports, Abdul Ilah Al-Dallak, and the President of the Saudi Football Federation, Muhammad Mashel, and the participation of former and current football stars.
    • االتحاد بدون حارس يا رامون..! I am honestly surprised by the list of departing players announced by the Al-Ittihad administration at the beginning of this week, which included three goalkeepers from the team’s foreign camp: Raikovic. Information indicates that his return will be delayed due to the sensitivity of his injury, and the duo Hamed Al-Shanqeeti and Osamah Al-Marmas, both of whom are under the spotlight of youth national teams, especially Hamed Al-Shanqeeti, who will leave his team’s camp due to his commitment with the U21 national team.
    • بن كحلة الباشا: أتمنى استمرار الهمل رئيسًا للخليج Fawzi Al-Basha, the former president of Al-Khaleej Club, expressed his optimism for the future of the club and his lack of concern about the negative aspects that will follow the elections. He said: “I truly wished for the continued presidency of Alaa Al-Hamal and his administration because of the achievements that have been made and their diligence in some matters that were a reason for success”.
    • الجثـجــاث.. عـشــق النـحـــل The plant “Al-Jathjath”, also known as “Al-Arar” or “Al-Jathjath” and “Al-Rawas”, is considered one of the desert plants that form a striking presence in valleys, meadows, and floods, especially in areas where its soil is enriched with clay and sand, and this plant reflects an aspect of the unique plant diversity that characterizes the Northern Borders region. Al-Jathjath bears the scientific name “Pulicaria undulata” and is a plant from the Asteraceae family. It is described as an annual or perennial dwarf shrub that grows to a height of 40 to 50 centimeters, consisting of several intertwined branches emanating from the base of the plant, forming a shape resembling a dome or a hemisphere.
    • تعامد الشمس على الكعبة.. اليوم The sky of Mecca Al-Mukarramah will witness today, Tuesday, the second and last alignment of the sun over the Kaaba for the year 2025. This is an astronomical phenomenon that occurs twice a year and is considered one of the most accurate astronomical phenomena, embodying the beauty of the cosmic system and the regularity of its movement.
    • واجهة جدة Jeddah’s waterfront, along its five maritime destinations, stands out as open urban spaces that embrace visitors with the beauty of the sea and its breezes. It includes integrated facilities such as sitting areas, fountains, pedestrian walkways, cycling paths, and open squares, in a scene that reflects integrated planning and diverse recreational options.
    • بأمر وزير الدفاع.. إجراء عملية قلب نادرة لطفلة سودانية By order of His Royal Highness Prince Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Minister of Defense – may God protect him – a specialized medical team from Prince Sultan Cardiac Center performed a rare and critical heart surgery on a Sudanese girl, one year and three months old, who was suffering from a rare and dangerous congenital heart condition. The medical team was led by Professor Dr. Muhammad Manahi Al-Aklabi, the Executive Director of the Center, who dealt with severe congenital defects including agenesis of the pulmonary artery and multiple holes in the heart.

    Download PDF Newspaper

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    Download PDF Newspaper in Arabic Language : Al-Riyadh Newspaper, July 15, 2025

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • IELTS Vocabulary for Maximum Score

    IELTS Vocabulary for Maximum Score

    This document, titled “CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt, is a workbook designed to help students prepare for the IELTS examination, covering both Academic and General Training modules. Published by Bloomsbury Information, it focuses on essential vocabulary across various sections of the exam, including Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. The book is structured into self-contained modules with task-based activities that present vocabulary in context, encompassing general and topic-specific areas like education, architecture, family, and science. Through exercises, it aims to enhance vocabulary acquisition and improve performance for test-takers seeking to maximize their IELTS score.

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    IELTS Vocabulary Mastery: A Preparation Guide

    IELTS preparation, as outlined in the sources, involves building a strong vocabulary across various domains to maximize your score in the examination. The “Check Your English Vocabulary for IELTS” workbook is specifically designed to aid students preparing for either the Academic or General Training modules of the IELTS exam.

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    The Cowboy Who Loved Texas: Enemies to Lovers Romance & Small Town Saga (Three Rivers Romance™ Book 3) Kindle Edition

    Here’s a breakdown of key aspects of IELTS preparation based on the sources:

    • Vocabulary Focus
    • The workbook covers main vocabulary areas essential for the Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking sections of the exam.
    • It includes general vocabulary items relevant to specific IELTS tasks, such as describing how something works, discussing changes in graphs or tables, and providing or following directions.
    • It also features topic-specific vocabulary areas that may appear in the examination, like education, architecture, family matters, science and technology, among others.
    • Examples of general vocabulary topics include “Addition, equation and conclusion,” “Around the world,” “Changes,” “Confusing words & false friends,” “Context & meaning,” “Contrast and comparison,” “Emphasis & misunderstanding,” “Focusing attention,” “Generalisations & specifics,” “Groups,” “How something works,” “Joining or becoming part of something bigger,” “Likes & dislikes,” “Location & direction,” “Modified words,” “Objects & actions,” and “Obligation & option”.
    • Further general vocabulary topics covered are “Opinion, attitude & belief,” “Opposites: adjectives,” “Opposites: verbs,” “Ownership, giving, lending & borrowing,” “Phrasal verbs,” “Presenting an argument,” “Reason & result,” “Shape & features,” “Size, quantity & dimension,” “Spelling,” “Stopping something,” “Success & failure,” “Task commands,” “Time,” and “Useful interview expressions”.
    • Topic-specific vocabulary extends to “The arts,” “Business & industry,” “Children & the family,” “Crime & the law,” “The environment,” “Food & diet,” “Geography,” “Global problems,” “Healthcare,” “The media,” “Men & women,” “Money & finance,” “On the road,” “Sport,” “Town & country,” and “Travel,” and “Work”.
    • Workbook Structure and Usage
    • The book is organized into self-contained modules with task-based activities that present vocabulary in context.
    • Each topic-specific module typically contains three tasks: two presenting vocabulary in context with practice exercises, and a third for review through gap-fill exercises.
    • For practical application, there are productive practice exercises (pages 105–119) designed as IELTS-style speaking and writing tasks. These tasks are followed by sample answers that offer guidance, emphasizing there are no “right” or “wrong” answers.
    • A comprehensive key (pages 120–139) allows you to check your answers and provides additional information on specific vocabulary items or general vocabulary areas, as well as other useful words or phrases.
    • It is advised not to work through the book mechanically from beginning to end. Instead, you should choose areas that you are unfamiliar with or those that are of specific interest or importance to you.
    • Enhancing Vocabulary and Study Habits
    • A crucial tip is to keep a record of new words, phrases, and expressions that you acquire.
    • Regularly review these new entries to ensure they become part of your active vocabulary.
    • To further acquire new vocabulary, you should read as much as possible from a variety of authentic reading materials, such as books, newspapers, magazines, and web-based articles.
    • Using a good monolingual English dictionary is highly recommended to develop your vocabulary effectively. Such a dictionary should clearly explain word meanings, pronunciation, various forms (e.g., noun form of an adjective), collocations, and provide sample sentences for usage. The Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners is specifically suggested, with a free online version available.

    The IELTS examination itself is administered by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), the British Council, and IDP Education Australia, though the mentioned workbook is not endorsed by these organizations.

    01
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    IELTS Vocabulary Building and Strategies

    Vocabulary building is a crucial component of IELTS preparation, aimed at helping students maximize their score across all four sections of the examination: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. The “Check Your English Vocabulary for IELTS” workbook is specifically designed to support this process for both the Academic and General Training modules of the exam.

    Based on the sources, here’s a comprehensive discussion of vocabulary building for IELTS:

    Key Areas of Vocabulary

    The preparation focuses on two main categories of vocabulary:

    • General Vocabulary Items: These are relevant to specific tasks or questions encountered in the IELTS examination. Examples include:
    • “Addition, equation and conclusion”
    • “Around the world”
    • “Changes” (e.g., describing changes in graphs or tables)
    • “Confusing words & false friends”
    • “Context & meaning”
    • “Contrast and comparison”
    • “Emphasis & misunderstanding”
    • “Focusing attention”
    • “Generalisations & specifics”
    • “Groups”
    • “How something works” (e.g., describing mechanisms)
    • “Joining or becoming part of something bigger”
    • “Likes & dislikes”
    • “Location & direction” (e.g., providing or following directions)
    • “Modified words”
    • “Objects & actions”
    • “Obligation & option”
    • “Opinion, attitude & belief”
    • “Opposites: adjectives” and “Opposites: verbs”
    • “Ownership, giving, lending & borrowing”
    • “Phrasal verbs”
    • “Presenting an argument”
    • “Reason & result”
    • “Shape & features”
    • “Size, quantity & dimension”
    • “Spelling”
    • “Stopping something”
    • “Success & failure”
    • “Task commands”
    • “Time”
    • “Useful interview expressions”
    • Topic-Specific Vocabulary Areas: These are areas that are likely to appear in the examination. Examples include:
    • “Architecture”
    • “The arts”
    • “Business & industry”
    • “Children & the family”
    • “Crime & the law”
    • “Education”
    • “The environment”
    • “Food & diet”
    • “Geography”
    • “Global problems”
    • “Healthcare”
    • “The media”
    • “Men & women”
    • “Money & finance”
    • “On the road”
    • “Science & technology”
    • “Sport”
    • “Town & country”
    • “Travel”
    • “Work”

    How to Use the Workbook for Vocabulary Building

    The workbook is structured to facilitate effective vocabulary acquisition:

    • Self-Contained Modules: Each vocabulary area is presented in its own module with task-based activities that place vocabulary items in context.
    • Contextual Learning and Review: Topic-specific modules typically feature two tasks that introduce vocabulary in context with practice exercises, followed by a third task for review through gap-fill exercises.
    • Productive Practice: Pages 105–119 contain exercises designed as IELTS-style speaking and writing tasks, giving students opportunities to actively use their acquired vocabulary. These are accompanied by sample answers for guidance.
    • Comprehensive Key: Pages 120–139 provide an answer key that also offers additional information on specific vocabulary items or general vocabulary areas, along with other useful words or phrases.
    • Flexible Study Approach: It is recommended not to go through the book linearly but rather to select areas that are unfamiliar or of particular interest or importance.

    Strategies for Enhancing and Retaining Vocabulary

    Beyond the workbook, several key habits are advised:

    • Record and Review: It is crucial to keep a record of new words, phrases, and expressions as they are learned. These new entries should be regularly reviewed to ensure they become part of your active vocabulary.
    • Extensive Reading: To acquire new vocabulary, students should read as much as possible from a variety of authentic reading materials, such as books, newspapers, magazines, and web-based articles.
    • Monolingual English Dictionary Use: Employing a good monolingual English dictionary is highly recommended for effective vocabulary development. Such a dictionary should:
    • Clearly explain word meanings.
    • Show pronunciation.
    • Provide various forms of words (e.g., noun form of an adjective).
    • Indicate collocations (words or phrases that commonly go together).
    • Offer sample sentences to illustrate word usage. The Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (ISBN 978-1405026284) is specifically suggested, with a free online version available.

    It is important to note that while this workbook is a valuable preparation tool, it is not endorsed by the organizations that administer the IELTS exam (University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), the British Council, and IDP Education Australia).

    IELTS Vocabulary Practice Exercises Explained

    The “Check Your English Vocabulary for IELTS” workbook incorporates a variety of practice exercises designed to help students enhance their vocabulary for the IELTS examination. These exercises are integral to maximizing a student’s score across all four sections of the exam: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking.

    Here’s a detailed discussion of the practice exercises:

    • Structure and Integration
    • Each vocabulary area within the workbook is presented as a self-contained module.
    • Within these modules, vocabulary items are introduced and practiced through task-based activities, which present words and phrases in context.
    • For the topic-specific vocabulary areas (found on pages 58–104), each module typically comprises three tasks: the first two introduce vocabulary in context with practice or recognition exercises, while the third provides an opportunity to review the learned vocabulary through a gap-fill exercise.
    • Types of Practice Exercises
    • General Vocabulary Exercises: Pages 1–57 focus on general vocabulary items, many of which are directly relevant to specific IELTS tasks, such as describing mechanisms, analyzing changes in data, or giving directions. Examples include exercises on:
    • “Addition, equation and conclusion”
    • “Changes 1” and “Changes 2”
    • “Confusing words & false friends”
    • “Context & meaning” (focusing on inferring meaning from context and word clues)
    • “How something works”
    • “Location & direction”
    • “Presenting an argument”
    • “Task commands” (explaining what common IELTS instructions like “Analyse” or “Evaluate” mean)
    • And many more, covering topics like Condition, Contrast and Comparison, Emphasis & Misunderstanding, Focusing Attention, Generalisations & Specifics, Groups, Joining or Becoming Part of Something Bigger, Likes & Dislikes, Modified Words, Objects & Actions, Obligation & Option, Opinion, Attitude & Belief, Opposites (adjectives and verbs), Ownership, Giving, Lending & Borrowing, Phrasal Verbs, Reason & Result, Shape & Features, Size, Quantity & Dimension, Spelling, Stopping Something, Success & Failure, Time, and Useful Interview Expressions.
    • Productive Practice Exercises (IELTS-style Tasks): A dedicated section (pages 105–119) contains “productive practice exercises” that allow students to practice using their acquired vocabulary in IELTS-style speaking and writing tasks. These are divided into specific “Practice tasks” based on broader topics:
    • Practice Tasks 1: Architecture includes Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task about preserving old buildings vs. building new ones. Sample answers are provided for guidance.
    • Practice Tasks 2: The Arts features Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task discussing government subsidies for the arts versus essential services. Sample answers are available.
    • Practice Tasks 3: Education covers Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task on the usefulness of skills learned in school versus outside school. Sample answers are included.
    • Practice Tasks 4: The Environment provides Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task on shared responsibility for environmental damage. Sample answers are given.
    • Practice Tasks 5: Food and Diet includes Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task on modern kitchen appliances versus eating out. Sample answers are provided.
    • Guidance on Usage
    • Students are advised not to work through the book mechanically from beginning to end. Instead, it is recommended to choose areas that are unfamiliar or those of specific interest or importance to the individual student.
    • A comprehensive key (pages 120–139) is available for checking answers and offers additional information about specific vocabulary items or general areas, including other useful words or phrases.

    These practice exercises, ranging from contextual vocabulary building to full IELTS-style tasks, are a fundamental part of the workbook’s approach to IELTS preparation, allowing students to learn, recognize, review, and actively apply the target vocabulary.

    IELTS Vocabulary for English Language Skills

    The sources indicate that the “Check Your English Vocabulary for IELTS” workbook is designed to help students maximize their scores across all four core language skills assessed in the IELTS examination: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. Vocabulary building is presented as a crucial foundation for developing and demonstrating proficiency in these areas.

    Here’s a discussion of how language skills are addressed within the context of the provided materials:

    • Comprehensive Skill Coverage The workbook’s primary goal is to equip students with the essential vocabulary needed to perform well in all sections of the IELTS exam. This implies that vocabulary is not an isolated skill but a tool that underpins successful performance in listening, reading, writing, and speaking.
    • Support for Productive Skills (Writing and Speaking) The workbook includes “productive practice exercises” specifically designed as IELTS-style speaking and writing tasks. These exercises, found on pages 105–119, give students direct opportunities to practise using their acquired vocabulary. For instance:
    • Writing Tasks: Examples include discussing arguments for and against preserving old buildings versus building new ones (Architecture), or debating government subsidies for the arts versus essential services (The Arts). The “Changes 1” module is highlighted as “particularly useful for Part 1 of the IELTS Writing Test, where you may be asked to write about changes shown in tables or graphs” [Answers, 3]. Similarly, the “Presenting an argument” module is noted for its utility in “Part 2 of the IELTS Writing Test” [Answers, 46].
    • Speaking Tasks: Integrated within the “Productive practice” section, these tasks mirror IELTS Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, allowing students to apply vocabulary in conversational and argumentative contexts [105, 396-398; 108, 408-410; 112, 422-424]. The “Useful interview expressions” module directly supports the Speaking Test [209; Answers, 56].
    • Vocabulary for Cohesion and Argumentation: Modules like “Addition, equation and conclusion” and “Reason & result” introduce linking words and phrases crucial for building coherent arguments in both speaking and writing.
    • Support for Receptive Skills (Listening and Reading) While the workbook primarily focuses on vocabulary, it implicitly and explicitly enhances receptive skills:
    • Reading Comprehension: The “Context & meaning” modules (e.g., “Context & meaning 1,” “Context & meaning 2,” “Context & meaning 3”) directly teach a “useful skill in the IELTS Reading Test” – inferring the meaning of unfamiliar words from their surrounding context.
    • Listening Comprehension: Vocabulary related to “How something works” and “Location & direction” is presented as “particularly useful for the IELTS Listening Test” [Answers, 24, 27]. This implies that understanding specific vocabulary in these contexts is key to comprehending spoken instructions or descriptions.
    • General Vocabulary: The “General vocabulary items” (pages 1–57), which include phrases for describing changes in graphs, are relevant to tasks encountered in reading and listening sections.
    • Fundamental Linguistic Components Effective language skills rely on a solid understanding of vocabulary’s various facets:
    • Word Forms and Usage: The recommendation to use a monolingual English dictionary emphasizes learning not just definitions but also pronunciation, various forms of words (e.g., noun form of an adjective), collocations (words that commonly go together), and sample sentences to illustrate word usage. These elements are vital for accurate and natural language production and comprehension across all skills.
    • Accuracy: Exercises like “Confusing words & false friends” directly address common errors, improving the accuracy of word choice in both speaking and writing, and aiding precise comprehension in reading and listening.
    • Understanding Task Commands: The “Task commands” module is fundamental, as understanding what instructions like “Analyse” or “Evaluate” mean is crucial for responding appropriately in all parts of the exam.
    • Strategies for Enhancement and Retention Beyond the exercises, the workbook promotes habits that broadly contribute to language skill development:
    • Active Vocabulary Acquisition: Students are encouraged to “keep a record of new words, phrases and expressions” and “review these on a regular basis so that they become part of your active vocabulary”. This active engagement reinforces learning, making vocabulary readily available for use in productive skills.
    • Extensive Reading: Reading “as much as possible from a variety of authentic reading materials” is advised for acquiring new vocabulary. This practice directly strengthens reading comprehension and indirectly builds passive vocabulary which can then be activated.

    In summary, the provided sources illustrate that vocabulary building is intricately linked to the development of specific language skills required for the IELTS. By focusing on relevant vocabulary in context, and providing opportunities for both receptive understanding and productive application, the workbook aims to holistically improve a student’s overall English language proficiency for the exam.

    IELTS Vocabulary: A Comprehensive Guide

    The “Check Your English Vocabulary for IELTS” workbook is specifically designed to address all four core exam sections of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS): Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. The workbook aims to provide the main vocabulary areas students will need or encounter in these sections to help them maximize their score.

    Here’s how the workbook discusses and supports each exam section:

    • Overall Coverage: The workbook’s primary purpose is to cover vocabulary relevant to all four sections of the IELTS examination. Vocabulary building is presented as an essential foundation for demonstrating proficiency across these diverse linguistic skills.
    • General Vocabulary (Pages 1-57): This section focuses on general vocabulary items, many of which are directly relevant to specific tasks within the IELTS exam sections.
    • For the IELTS Writing Test, Part 1, modules like “Changes 1” are highlighted as “particularly useful” for describing changes shown in tables or graphs [2, Answers, 3].
    • For the IELTS Listening Test, vocabulary related to “How something works” and “Location & direction” is noted as “particularly useful” for comprehending descriptions or instructions [2, Answers, 24, 27].
    • For the IELTS Reading Test, the “Context & meaning” modules (e.g., “Context & meaning 1,” “Context & meaning 2,” “Context & meaning 3”) directly teach the “useful skill” of inferring the meaning of unfamiliar words from context [2, Answers, 12].
    • For both the IELTS Writing Test, Part 2, and Speaking Test, Part 3, the “Presenting an argument” module provides crucial vocabulary for constructing coherent arguments [7, Answers, 46].
    • The “Useful interview expressions” module directly supports the Speaking Test [7, Answers, 56].
    • The “Task commands” module is fundamental for understanding instructions in any part of the exam.
    • Topic-Specific Vocabulary (Pages 58-104): These modules cover specific subject areas that may be encountered across the various exam sections, ensuring a broad vocabulary base for diverse topics.
    • Productive Practice Exercises (Pages 105-119): This dedicated section provides IELTS-style speaking and writing tasks, allowing students to actively use the acquired vocabulary in contexts directly mirroring the exam. These tasks are divided into specific themes:
    • Practice Tasks 1: Architecture includes Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task on preserving old buildings. Sample answers are provided for guidance.
    • Practice Tasks 2: The Arts features Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task discussing government subsidies for the arts.
    • Practice Tasks 3: Education covers Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task on the usefulness of skills learned in and outside school.
    • Practice Tasks 4: The Environment provides Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task on shared responsibility for environmental damage.
    • Practice Tasks 5: Food and Diet includes Speaking Parts 1, 2, and 3, and a Writing task on modern kitchen appliances versus eating out.

    In essence, the workbook’s structure and content are meticulously aligned with the demands of each IELTS exam section, providing targeted vocabulary and practice opportunities to enhance performance in Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Signs You’re Affected By Workplace Bullying (And What To Do)

    Signs You’re Affected By Workplace Bullying (And What To Do)

    We often imagine bullying as something confined to schoolyards, but the harsh reality is that it flourishes in boardrooms and break rooms too. Workplace bullying is a silent epidemic, eroding confidence and wellbeing in even the most resilient professionals. While many believe they would easily recognize toxic behavior, subtle forms of intimidation and manipulation can quietly take root, leaving victims questioning their own worth and sanity.

    Research shows that psychological harassment in professional settings can have far-reaching consequences, from chronic stress to reduced productivity and even long-term health issues. Despite these risks, many highly educated, critically minded individuals dismiss early warning signs, chalking them up to misunderstandings or “just part of the job.” This reluctance to acknowledge the problem often allows bullies to gain even more power.

    Awareness is the first line of defense. By understanding the nuanced signs of workplace bullying and equipping ourselves with strategies to confront it, we can reclaim a sense of agency and foster healthier, more empowering work environments. As Aristotle wisely said, “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom” — and in this context, recognizing when you’re under attack is a crucial act of self-knowledge.

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    1- Subtle Exclusion

    One of the most insidious tactics bullies use is social exclusion. You may notice you’re repeatedly left out of meetings, email threads, or casual office gatherings. Over time, this can lead to feelings of isolation and self-doubt, creating an environment where your contributions are systematically minimized. According to Dr. Gary Namie, founder of the Workplace Bullying Institute, exclusion is a “silent weapon” that undermines morale without leaving obvious scars.

    In The No Asshole Rule by Robert Sutton, the author describes how exclusion corrodes team cohesion and mental health. To counteract this, it’s essential to document instances of exclusion and communicate assertively with supervisors or HR. Proactively seeking allies within your organization can also provide a buffer against these covert attacks.


    2- Constant Criticism

    Persistent, unwarranted criticism is another red flag. While constructive feedback is vital for growth, workplace bullies often disguise their hostility under the guise of “helpfulness,” delivering relentless negativity that chips away at your confidence. This behavior may manifest as nitpicking minor errors, dismissing ideas outright, or publicly belittling your efforts.

    In Dignity at Work by Randy Hodson, the author stresses the importance of dignity as a core element of productive workplaces. If you find yourself in this cycle, focus on separating valid feedback from personal attacks. Keep a written record of criticisms and your responses — this documentation can be invaluable when confronting the issue formally.


    3- Spreading Rumors

    Office gossip can quickly escalate into character assassination when wielded by a bully. Malicious rumors damage reputations and relationships, fostering a culture of distrust and anxiety. The late Warren Bennis, a pioneer in leadership studies, once noted, “Trust is the lubrication that makes it possible for organizations to work.” When trust is eroded by rumors, entire teams suffer.

    To combat this, stay transparent in your communication and address falsehoods directly with those involved. Strengthening your professional brand through visible contributions and ethical behavior can also help counteract misinformation. Reading Leadership and Self-Deception by The Arbinger Institute offers useful strategies for managing perception and fostering authentic workplace relationships.


    4- Micromanagement

    Excessive control over your work, including unnecessary oversight and constant “checking in,” is a subtle yet pervasive form of bullying. This tactic suggests you are incompetent and untrustworthy, fostering frustration and self-doubt.

    In Drive by Daniel Pink, autonomy is highlighted as a cornerstone of motivation and engagement. If you’re experiencing micromanagement, consider initiating open conversations to clarify expectations and establish boundaries. Propose regular, scheduled updates rather than constant interruptions to reclaim your workflow autonomy.


    5- Sabotaging Work

    When colleagues or superiors deliberately undermine your projects, the psychological toll can be severe. Examples include withholding critical information, misrepresenting your work, or intentionally delaying approvals. These acts not only hurt performance but also erode credibility.

    Edward Deming’s philosophy on workplace improvement emphasizes the importance of supportive systems. To safeguard against sabotage, maintain thorough documentation of your projects and communications. Building a transparent project management process can minimize opportunities for interference.


    6- Shifting Goalposts

    Bullies may constantly change objectives or expectations, making it nearly impossible to succeed. This keeps you perpetually off-balance and feeling inadequate, regardless of effort.

    In The Art of War, Sun Tzu discusses the importance of clear objectives in achieving victory. Apply this wisdom by seeking written confirmation of goals and deliverables. This creates accountability and protects you from arbitrary shifts that serve to destabilize your performance.


    7- Undermining Authority

    If you hold a leadership role, a bully might attempt to erode your authority by questioning decisions, bypassing you, or subtly encouraging insubordination. This tactic aims to isolate you and weaken your influence.

    John Kotter’s Leading Change underscores the vital importance of credibility in leadership. To defend your authority, establish clear channels of communication and involve trusted allies. Reinforce your vision consistently and demonstrate unwavering confidence in your decisions.


    8- Overloading with Work

    Deliberately assigning unmanageable workloads is a classic intimidation tactic. It pushes you toward burnout and sets you up for failure, damaging your professional reputation.

    In Essentialism by Greg McKeown, the author advocates for disciplined prioritization to reclaim focus and sanity. Learn to set firm boundaries and negotiate deadlines. Enlist the support of mentors or HR to challenge unreasonable demands and redistribute tasks fairly.


    9- Withholding Resources

    Depriving you of essential tools, information, or support is a subtle but effective form of sabotage. It delays your work, undermines quality, and contributes to stress.

    Peter Drucker’s writings on effectiveness emphasize that resources are critical to success. If this happens to you, document resource gaps and request what you need explicitly in writing. Escalate the issue when necessary to ensure fair access to required support.


    10- Public Humiliation

    Calling you out in meetings or making sarcastic remarks in front of colleagues is designed to break your spirit and reduce your credibility. Such acts can severely harm self-esteem and workplace relationships.

    As Brené Brown writes in Daring Greatly, vulnerability is not a weakness but a measure of courage. Protect yourself by maintaining composure and addressing incidents privately afterward. Cultivate allies who can witness and support you in confronting such behavior.


    11- Emotional Manipulation

    Bullies may use guilt trips, gaslighting, or feigned concern to control you. These tactics distort your perception of reality, making you question your judgment and self-worth.

    Dr. George Simon’s In Sheep’s Clothing explores manipulative dynamics and offers strategies for recognizing covert aggression. Practice emotional detachment, rely on factual evidence, and seek external perspectives to regain clarity.


    12- Threats and Intimidation

    Whether subtle or overt, threats can make you feel unsafe and powerless. The psychological weight of these tactics often exceeds their actual content.

    Harvard Business School’s Difficult Conversations suggests approaching threats by addressing the underlying interests, not just positions. Document all threats and involve formal channels if necessary. Personal safety and mental wellbeing should always take precedence.


    13- Discrediting Achievements

    Downplaying your successes or taking credit for your work undermines your professional value. Over time, it erodes both internal confidence and external recognition.

    Adam Grant in Give and Take argues that workplaces thrive when contributions are recognized and celebrated. Keep an updated portfolio of achievements and highlight measurable results in performance reviews to secure acknowledgment.


    14- Creating a Hostile Environment

    A persistently toxic atmosphere—through cliques, backstabbing, or constant negativity—destroys morale and fuels anxiety.

    Amy Edmondson’s The Fearless Organization emphasizes the importance of psychological safety for innovation and productivity. Advocate for inclusive policies and encourage leadership to prioritize mental health and team cohesion.


    15- Invasion of Privacy

    Bullying sometimes extends into personal space—spreading personal information, monitoring private activities, or making inappropriate inquiries.

    In The Transparent Leader by Herb Baum, integrity and respect for privacy are highlighted as critical leadership traits. Protect your personal boundaries by limiting what you share and using formal grievance channels if invasions persist.


    16- Manipulating Opportunities

    Bullies may block promotions, deny professional development, or sabotage new projects to stifle your growth.

    Herminia Ibarra’s Act Like a Leader, Think Like a Leader underscores the importance of visibility and seizing opportunities. Counteract these tactics by building networks outside your immediate team and seeking sponsorship from higher-level leaders.


    17- Gaslighting

    A particularly cruel form of psychological abuse, gaslighting involves denying or twisting facts to make you question your memory and sanity.

    Robin Stern’s The Gaslight Effect offers a deep dive into recognizing and escaping these dynamics. Trust your records, confide in objective colleagues, and consult mental health professionals to validate your experiences.


    18- Disparaging Personal Traits

    Attacking your appearance, personality, or lifestyle choices is meant to diminish your self-worth and shift focus from your skills.

    In Quiet by Susan Cain, the value of authenticity is powerfully articulated. Embrace your individuality and document discriminatory remarks, escalating them when necessary to protect your dignity and legal rights.


    19- Encouraging Isolation

    Separating you from colleagues or excluding you from group activities intensifies feelings of alienation and helplessness.

    In Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam illustrates the critical importance of social capital. Combat isolation by intentionally cultivating diverse professional relationships and engaging in cross-team collaborations.


    20- Retaliation for Complaints

    Retaliation after reporting bullying is a clear abuse of power, often manifesting as demotions, bad performance reviews, or social ostracization.

    Martha Finney’s Reclaiming the Workplace highlights the importance of organizational justice. Seek support from external labor organizations or legal advisors if internal systems fail to protect you. Standing firm sends a powerful message that abuse will not go unchallenged.


    21- You’re Left Out of the Loop

    Being deliberately kept uninformed is a subtle yet damaging form of workplace bullying. Whether it’s important emails you never receive, project updates you aren’t given, or decisions made without your input, being left out systematically diminishes your influence and effectiveness. According to Dr. Janice Harper, author of Mobbed!, exclusion is often a strategy to weaken a target’s standing and push them out.

    To combat this, document patterns of exclusion and approach colleagues directly to request necessary information. By staying proactive and publicly clarifying your need for updates, you signal that you’re vigilant and unwilling to be sidelined. Strengthening alliances with coworkers can also create informal networks of information sharing, reducing dependence on those who attempt to freeze you out.


    22- Brrr! It’s Cold in Here!

    A metaphorical “coldness” in the workplace—icy stares, curt replies, or social avoidance—can signal covert hostility. Emotional coldness is often used to punish or control, creating a chilling effect on your participation and self-expression. Psychologist Dr. Robert Sutton highlights in Good Boss, Bad Boss that social rejection can trigger the same neurological pain as physical injury.

    Address this by fostering warm relationships with supportive colleagues and focusing on your own professionalism regardless of others’ behavior. Demonstrating unwavering courtesy and emotional intelligence can sometimes thaw the ice, but if it persists, escalate through HR or seek external support to ensure your psychological safety.


    23- Your Coworkers or Employers Are (Forcefully) Trying to Get in Your Pants

    Sexual harassment, whether subtle innuendo or overt advances, is a severe violation of professional boundaries and ethics. It weaponizes power dynamics and subjects targets to intimidation and humiliation. As Sheryl Sandberg asserts in Lean In, “We need to stop telling women that they aren’t aggressive enough and start encouraging men to share the floor.”

    Document every incident meticulously, including dates, times, and witnesses. Report the behavior immediately through formal channels, and if necessary, seek legal advice. Remember that no one is obliged to tolerate this behavior, regardless of organizational culture or perceived consequences.


    24- You Feel Like You’re Being Set Up for Failure

    When assignments are given without necessary resources, deadlines are unrealistic, or guidance is intentionally vague, it signals sabotage. This tactic ensures that no matter your effort, you’re likely to fall short, damaging your confidence and credibility.

    In The Five Dysfunctions of a Team, Patrick Lencioni emphasizes the importance of clarity and support for achieving shared goals. Combat this by clarifying expectations in writing, asking for concrete deliverables, and looping in other stakeholders to increase transparency. Keeping a detailed record of these interactions strengthens your position if you need to defend your performance later.


    25- You Realized Everyone Got a Promotion Except for You

    When colleagues advance despite your consistent, superior effort, it’s not just demoralizing—it can be a calculated move to keep you stagnant. This tactic often reflects deeper organizational bias or bullying behavior aimed at undermining your career progression.

    Herminia Ibarra’s Working Identity highlights how vital mobility and recognition are to professional fulfillment. Address this by seeking feedback on why promotions were missed, and if explanations are vague or inconsistent, consider external mentorship or even exploring opportunities elsewhere. Your growth should not be stifled to protect someone else’s insecurities.


    26- The Criticism You Get Is Excessive, Cruel, and Unfair

    Criticism that is harsh, personal, and disproportionate serves more to break your spirit than to improve your performance. This constant barrage is designed to wear you down and make you question your value.

    In Radical Candor, Kim Scott differentiates between constructive guidance and destructive criticism. Respond by requesting specific, actionable feedback, and documenting interactions. If the behavior doesn’t change, involve HR or escalate through appropriate organizational channels to protect your mental wellbeing.


    27- You Notice They’re Moving Goal Posts

    If you’re constantly told that success criteria have changed—after you’ve already met initial expectations—this is a classic manipulation strategy to keep you in a perpetual state of inadequacy and stress. It not only undermines motivation but is also used to justify withholding rewards and recognition.

    As Peter Senge writes in The Fifth Discipline, systems thinking helps expose how shifting structures maintain toxic dynamics. Insist on written agreements regarding objectives and timelines. When changes occur, require them to be documented formally to prevent exploitation. This approach also creates a record that can support your case if you need to escalate.


    Conclusion

    The workplace should be a haven for collaboration, innovation, and personal growth. Unfortunately, as we’ve explored, it can also become a battleground where subtle and overt bullying tactics threaten to derail even the most dedicated professionals. From exclusion and sabotage to inappropriate advances and gaslighting, these behaviors are serious violations of trust and respect.

    Understanding these signs is more than self-preservation; it is an act of reclaiming your dignity and protecting your future. As Eleanor Roosevelt wisely said, “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” You owe it to yourself—and to those who may silently be enduring the same abuse—to recognize these red flags and act decisively. Advocate for your rights, document meticulously, and seek support systems that honor your worth. By standing firm, you light the path for a more humane and respectful professional world.

    Workplace bullying is a profound violation of professional and personal dignity. Its many faces—ranging from subtle exclusion to overt threats—require vigilant self-awareness and unwavering courage to confront. As Victor Frankl wrote in Man’s Search for Meaning, “When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves.” By recognizing these signs and acting decisively, we reclaim power over our work and well-being.

    The journey toward a healthy, respectful work environment begins with acknowledging the problem and advocating for systemic change. Remember, no job is worth your mental health, and no bully deserves the power to define your self-worth. Take action, seek allies, and step forward with resilience and integrity.

    Bibliography

    1. Robert I. Sutton, The No Asshole Rule: Building a Civilized Workplace and Surviving One That Isn’t, Business Plus, 2007.
    2. Randy Hodson, Dignity at Work, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
    3. The Arbinger Institute, Leadership and Self-Deception: Getting Out of the Box, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2010.
    4. Daniel H. Pink, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us, Riverhead Books, 2009.
    5. W. Edwards Deming, Out of the Crisis, MIT Press, 1986.
    6. Sun Tzu, The Art of War, various editions (translated by various scholars).
    7. John P. Kotter, Leading Change, Harvard Business Review Press, 1996.
    8. Greg McKeown, Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less, Crown Business, 2014.
    9. Peter F. Drucker, The Effective Executive: The Definitive Guide to Getting the Right Things Done, HarperBusiness, 1967.
    10. Brené Brown, Daring Greatly: How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love, Parent, and Lead, Gotham Books, 2012.
    11. George K. Simon, In Sheep’s Clothing: Understanding and Dealing with Manipulative People, Parkhurst Brothers, 2010.
    12. Douglas Stone, Bruce Patton, and Sheila Heen, Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most, Penguin Books, 1999.
    13. Adam Grant, Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success, Viking, 2013.
    14. Amy C. Edmondson, The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth, Wiley, 2018.
    15. Herb Baum, The Transparent Leader: How to Build a Great Company Through Straight Talk, Openness and Accountability, HarperCollins Leadership, 2004.
    16. Herminia Ibarra, Act Like a Leader, Think Like a Leader, Harvard Business Review Press, 2015.
    17. Robin Stern, The Gaslight Effect: How to Spot and Survive the Hidden Manipulation Others Use to Control Your Life, Harmony Books, 2007.
    18. Susan Cain, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking, Crown Publishing Group, 2012.
    19. Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon & Schuster, 2000.
    20. Martha I. Finney, Reclaiming the Workplace: A Practical Guide for Reinventing Your Organization, AMACOM, 2003.
    21. Patrick Lencioni, The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable, Jossey-Bass, 2002.
    22. Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead, Knopf, 2013.
    23. Herminia Ibarra, Working Identity: Unconventional Strategies for Reinventing Your Career, Harvard Business Review Press, 2003.
    24. Kim Scott, Radical Candor: Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity, St. Martin’s Press, 2017.
    25. Peter M. Senge, The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of The Learning Organization, Doubleday, 1990.
    26. Victor E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, Beacon Press, 1959.
    27. Eleanor Roosevelt, various speeches and writings, public domain.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Limiting Beliefs You Picked Up From Having an Unhappy Childhood

    Limiting Beliefs You Picked Up From Having an Unhappy Childhood

    We rarely stop to consider how deeply our childhood shapes the architecture of our adult minds. Like invisible strings, early experiences can control our self-worth, our ambitions, and even the way we love. Those who grew up in unhappy or dysfunctional households often carry hidden beliefs that quietly sabotage their potential and relationships.

    Imagine trying to climb a mountain while unknowingly carrying a heavy backpack full of rocks — each rock representing a limiting belief planted in your earliest years. Many of us wonder why we feel stuck despite our efforts to grow and succeed. The answer often lies buried in the silent agreements we made with ourselves to survive a painful childhood.

    In this article, we’ll unearth some of the most common limiting beliefs you might have internalized as a child. Drawing on psychological research, insights from leading scholars, and seminal books like The Drama of the Gifted Child by Alice Miller and The Body Keeps the Score by Bessel van der Kolk, we’ll explore how to recognize and challenge these deeply rooted scripts.

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    1- I Am Not Good Enough

    Growing up in a critical or neglectful environment often plants the corrosive idea that no matter what you do, you will never be enough. Children internalize parental disapproval and turn it into a lifelong verdict against themselves. This belief acts as a silent saboteur, undermining achievements and fueling perfectionism or chronic self-doubt.

    Psychologists like Carl Rogers emphasized the need for unconditional positive regard in childhood to build healthy self-esteem. Without it, individuals develop a fragile self-concept, constantly seeking external validation. The Gifts of Imperfection by Brené Brown is an essential read for anyone struggling with this belief, offering practical strategies to cultivate self-compassion and worthiness.


    2- I Must Earn Love

    If love in your childhood was conditional—based on achievements, compliance, or caretaking—you may grow into an adult convinced that love must always be earned. This belief traps people in cycles of overgiving and people-pleasing, often attracting relationships where they feel perpetually inadequate.

    Dr. Gabor Maté, in When the Body Says No, explores how such patterns even lead to physical illness. Unlearning this belief involves recognizing that love is a birthright, not a prize to be won. Self-love practices and therapy can help rewrite this narrative, opening the door to authentic, mutual relationships.


    3- My Feelings Are Wrong

    Children in invalidating environments learn to distrust their emotions, often hearing that they’re “too sensitive” or “overreacting.” This belief forces adults to suppress emotions, leading to emotional numbness or explosive outbursts later in life.

    Harvard psychologist Dr. Susan David, in her book Emotional Agility, underscores the importance of embracing rather than avoiding our feelings. Learning to validate your inner experience is crucial for building resilience and emotional intelligence.


    4- I Am Responsible for Others’ Happiness

    When a child is forced into the role of a peacemaker or caretaker, they may grow up believing they must fix everyone else’s emotions. This pattern fosters co-dependency and a chronic sense of guilt when others are unhappy.

    As boundaries expert Dr. Nedra Glover Tawwab writes in Set Boundaries, Find Peace, releasing this belief is essential to reclaim your own life. Learning to separate your emotional responsibilities from others’ can be deeply liberating.


    5- I Must Stay Invisible to Be Safe

    Children who were punished or neglected for expressing themselves often learn to stay small and silent to avoid conflict. This self-erasure can continue into adulthood, resulting in missed opportunities and chronic underachievement.

    Psychotherapist Julia Cameron, in The Artist’s Way, encourages reclaiming your voice and stepping into visibility as a path to healing. She asserts, “Creativity is the path to the true self,” and this journey requires shedding the invisibility cloak you wore to survive.


    6- Success Will Make Me a Target

    If childhood success brought jealousy or punishment from caregivers or siblings, you may now sabotage your progress to avoid attention. The subconscious fear is that standing out invites harm rather than celebration.

    In Playing Big, Tara Mohr explores this dynamic among talented women who hold themselves back to avoid perceived threats. Learning to embrace visibility as a form of empowerment rather than danger is key to breaking this cycle.


    7- Conflict Is Dangerous

    In homes where conflict meant violence or emotional chaos, adults may now avoid confrontation at all costs. They equate disagreement with threat, leading to passive-aggressive behaviors or emotional withdrawal.

    Psychologist Harriet Lerner, in The Dance of Anger, argues that healthy conflict is essential for intimacy and growth. Reframing conflict as an opportunity rather than a battlefield can dramatically improve relationships and self-confidence.


    8- I Don’t Deserve Happiness

    Abused or neglected children often internalize a sense of unworthiness. They come to believe joy is for others, not for them. This belief can show up as self-sabotage in career, love, or health.

    Philosopher Alain de Botton notes that “We accept the love we think we deserve,” and this extends to happiness itself. Working to internalize a sense of deservingness is a lifelong but vital process for healing and fulfillment.


    9- Love Equals Pain

    When childhood love was coupled with betrayal, neglect, or harm, adults may unconsciously seek out painful relationships or push away genuine affection. Love becomes synonymous with suffering.

    Dr. Pia Mellody, in Facing Love Addiction, discusses how early attachments shape our adult romantic lives. Learning to separate love from pain requires rewiring deeply ingrained attachment patterns, often through therapy and self-reflection.


    10- My Needs Don’t Matter

    In families where a child’s needs were ignored or ridiculed, the belief that “my needs don’t matter” becomes a guiding principle. This manifests as self-neglect or overextending to meet others’ needs.

    Author Melody Beattie, in Codependent No More, explains that reclaiming one’s right to have and express needs is central to recovery. Practicing self-advocacy and setting boundaries are essential steps forward.


    11- I Am Powerless

    Constant criticism or control during childhood fosters learned helplessness—a belief that nothing you do can change your circumstances. This leads to passivity and resignation in adulthood.

    Martin Seligman, in Learned Helplessness, illustrates how this mindset limits growth and happiness. Building a sense of agency through small, achievable goals can gradually restore a sense of empowerment.


    12- I Am Alone

    Neglected children often grow up with a deep existential loneliness, believing no one truly understands or cares. This belief can keep adults isolated even when surrounded by potential support.

    In Attached, Amir Levine and Rachel Heller describe how our attachment styles shape these feelings of isolation. Learning to trust and open up to safe relationships is a courageous but transformative act.


    13- Trust Is Dangerous

    If caregivers were unreliable or abusive, the resulting belief is that trust only leads to disappointment or danger. Adults with this belief find it hard to form deep connections and often maintain hyper-independence.

    Brené Brown, in Daring Greatly, emphasizes that vulnerability is the birthplace of connection. Gradually practicing safe vulnerability helps dismantle this limiting belief and fosters intimacy.


    14- Mistakes Are Unforgivable

    Children punished harshly for errors grow into adults terrified of making mistakes. This fosters perfectionism and stifles creativity and risk-taking.

    Psychologist Carol Dweck, in Mindset, shows that viewing mistakes as opportunities for growth rather than moral failings is key to developing resilience and success. Embracing a growth mindset allows for continuous learning and self-improvement.


    15- My Worth Depends on Others’ Approval

    When a child learns that approval equals survival, they grow into adults who rely heavily on external validation. This dependence often leads to burnout and chronic anxiety.

    Nathaniel Branden, in The Six Pillars of Self-Esteem, argues that internal validation is the foundation of true self-worth. Cultivating self-approval liberates individuals from the tyranny of others’ opinions.


    16- Vulnerability Is Weakness

    In homes where vulnerability was met with ridicule or punishment, showing emotions feels like an open invitation to harm. Adults hide their true selves behind masks of strength.

    Dr. Kristin Neff, in Self-Compassion, advocates for embracing vulnerability as a source of strength rather than weakness. Building a compassionate relationship with oneself allows for authentic connection with others.


    17- Joy Must Be Earned

    Some children grow up believing that they must work endlessly to “deserve” joy, treating rest and pleasure as luxuries rather than birthrights. This can result in workaholism and chronic dissatisfaction.

    In Rest Is Resistance, Tricia Hersey argues that reclaiming joy and rest is a radical act of self-love and healing. Recognizing joy as a fundamental human right helps break this damaging cycle.


    18- I Am Defined by My Past

    Those who endured trauma often believe they are forever branded by their history, unable to create a new narrative. This keeps them stuck in patterns of shame and limitation.

    Psychiatrist Bessel van der Kolk, in The Body Keeps the Score, explains that while trauma shapes us, it does not have to define us. Healing involves integrating past experiences and creating a new story moving forward.


    19- Intimacy Means Losing Myself

    If childhood intimacy felt invasive or controlling, adults may fear that close relationships will erase their individuality. They resist deep connection to preserve their autonomy.

    In Hold Me Tight, Dr. Sue Johnson describes how secure attachment allows intimacy without sacrificing self. Learning to navigate closeness while maintaining a strong sense of self is vital for healthy love.


    20- I Must Always Be Strong

    In families where vulnerability was not allowed, children become adults who feel compelled to be perpetually strong and self-reliant. This denies them the comfort of support and connection.

    Author Bell Hooks, in All About Love, writes that “Strength and softness are not opposites but partners.” Allowing oneself to seek help and show weakness is a profound act of courage and healing.


    21- I’m Powerless to Change My Life

    Children raised in controlling or chaotic environments often develop the belief that they have no agency. They internalize the idea that their choices are futile and that they must simply endure life rather than shape it. This can breed passivity and a deep sense of hopelessness.

    In Man’s Search for Meaning, Viktor Frankl argues that our ultimate freedom lies in our ability to choose our response, even in the direst circumstances. Reclaiming agency involves small, intentional actions that build a sense of mastery over your life, proving to yourself that change is not only possible but also within your grasp.


    22- I Don’t Deserve Love

    A childhood filled with neglect or harsh criticism often leads to the ingrained belief that love is something for others, not oneself. Adults may push away affection or settle for unfulfilling relationships, convinced deep down that love is a currency they can’t afford.

    Dr. John Bowlby’s attachment theory highlights how early interactions shape our capacity to receive and give love. Healing requires practicing self-love first and gradually allowing safe, nurturing connections to challenge and transform this outdated script. Attached by Amir Levine and Rachel Heller is an insightful guide on reworking these relational blueprints.


    23- My Needs Don’t Matter

    When children learn that their needs are an inconvenience or provoke punishment, they may conclude their needs are unimportant. As adults, they suppress desires and live in a state of quiet deprivation, often prioritizing others to their own detriment.

    In Radical Acceptance, Tara Brach urges readers to honor their needs as sacred signals rather than selfish whims. Learning to listen and respond to your own needs is an essential act of reclaiming self-worth and living a fulfilling life.


    24- The World Is Unsafe

    A chaotic or abusive household often teaches children that the world is a dangerous, unpredictable place. As adults, they may live in a state of hyper-vigilance, expecting harm at every turn and sabotaging opportunities out of fear.

    In Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma, Peter Levine explores how trauma imprints a perpetual sense of threat on the body and mind. Cultivating safety internally and externally is key to dismantling this belief and fostering a life driven by curiosity rather than fear.


    25- People Will Always Hurt Me

    When trust is repeatedly betrayed in childhood, adults may expect betrayal from everyone, pushing people away or keeping relationships shallow to avoid inevitable pain.

    Brené Brown, in Braving the Wilderness, underscores the importance of cultivating trust gradually and discerningly. Healing involves recognizing that while some people may hurt you, not everyone will — and meaningful connection requires vulnerability despite the risk.


    26- I Have to Be Perfect to Be Loved

    If love was conditional on achievements or “good behavior” during childhood, adults may develop perfectionistic tendencies as a misguided strategy to secure love. This belief fuels chronic stress, burnout, and self-criticism.

    Dr. Kristin Neff’s Self-Compassion teaches that love is not a reward for flawlessness but a birthright. Embracing imperfection as part of the human experience opens the door to authentic love and belonging.


    27- I Can’t Show My Emotions

    In households where emotions were dangerous or ignored, children learn to mask their feelings to stay safe. As adults, this often manifests as emotional numbness, disconnection, or explosive outbursts after long suppression.

    Alice Miller, in The Drama of the Gifted Child, describes how emotional repression stunts true self-expression. Relearning how to feel and express emotions in healthy ways is essential to reconnecting with oneself and others.


    28- I’m a Burden to Others

    Children who were told directly or indirectly that they were “too much” or “in the way” internalize the belief that their existence is an inconvenience. Adults then hesitate to ask for help or share their struggles, leading to isolation and resentment.

    In It’s Not Always Depression, Hilary Jacobs Hendel highlights how connection and interdependence are fundamental human needs. Recognizing your right to support and care is vital to dismantling this limiting belief.


    29- Success Isn’t for People Like Me

    Children raised in environments of scarcity or negativity may come to believe that success is reserved for “other” people — not for someone like them. This fosters self-sabotage and chronic underachievement.

    Napoleon Hill, in Think and Grow Rich, writes extensively on the importance of belief in achieving success. Shifting from a mindset of limitation to one of possibility is crucial to breaking this narrative and realizing your potential.


    30- I’m Destined to Fail

    Repeated failures or critical feedback in childhood can crystalize the belief that failure is inevitable, making adults afraid to try new things or set ambitious goals.

    Carol Dweck’s concept of the “growth mindset” in Mindset demonstrates that viewing failures as learning opportunities rather than final verdicts is key to resilience. Embracing this perspective transforms setbacks into stepping stones rather than stopping points.


    31- I Have to Do Everything Alone

    When children are forced into self-reliance too early, they learn not to trust others for support. This belief morphs into chronic independence and difficulty in delegation or collaboration as adults.

    In The Gifts of Imperfection, Brené Brown advocates for the power of community and connection in healing. Learning to ask for and receive help can be a profound act of vulnerability and growth.


    32- I’m Too Much or Not Enough

    Children who receive inconsistent feedback—sometimes too much attention, sometimes rejection—internalize the belief that they’re inherently flawed: either “too much” or “not enough.” This belief fosters chronic insecurity and identity confusion.

    In Women Who Run With the Wolves, Clarissa Pinkola Estés explores how reconnecting with your true self, free from external definitions, is a vital journey to wholeness. Embracing both your power and your vulnerability is part of this reclamation.


    33- Conflict Is to Be Avoided at All Costs

    Children exposed to volatile or frightening conflict often equate disagreement with danger. As adults, they avoid assertiveness, suppress needs, and tolerate unacceptable behavior to maintain a false peace.

    In Nonviolent Communication, Marshall Rosenberg illustrates that conflict, when navigated with empathy and honesty, can lead to deeper connection and resolution. Reframing conflict as a bridge rather than a battlefield is crucial for personal and relational growth.


    34- Happiness Is Out of Reach for Me

    A painful childhood can plant the belief that happiness is an unattainable dream reserved for others. This belief keeps adults stuck in cycles of self-sabotage, anxiety, and despair, reinforcing a sense of alienation from joy.

    In The Happiness Trap, Russ Harris introduces Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a way to overcome the internal barriers to joy. By practicing acceptance and aligning actions with values, it becomes possible to invite happiness back into life.


    Conclusion

    Each of these beliefs, though deeply ingrained, is not an immutable life sentence. As the psychiatrist Carl Jung wisely stated, “I am not what happened to me. I am what I choose to become.”

    Bringing these hidden assumptions to light is the first step toward transformation. Through therapy, self-reflection, and courageous action, you can replace these self-limiting scripts with beliefs that support your growth and authentic joy. You are not bound to the pain of your past — you are free to write a new story, one rooted in worthiness, possibility, and connection.

    The beliefs we inherit from an unhappy childhood are like old, heavy coats — they may have once kept us safe, but now they weigh us down and keep us cold. Recognizing and challenging these invisible scripts is not an easy journey, but it is perhaps the most important work we can do to reclaim our authentic lives. As Jung famously said, “Until you make the unconscious conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it fate.”

    Through compassionate self-exploration, therapy, and conscious effort, you can begin to shed these limiting beliefs and step into a life guided by self-worth, joy, and authentic connection. Remember, you are not defined by your past, but by what you choose to believe and create today.

    Bibliography

    1. Frankl, Viktor E. Man’s Search for Meaning. Beacon Press, 2006.
    2. Levine, Amir, and Heller, Rachel. Attached: The New Science of Adult Attachment and How It Can Help You Find—and Keep—Love. TarcherPerigee, 2010.
    3. Brach, Tara. Radical Acceptance: Embracing Your Life With the Heart of a Buddha. Bantam, 2003.
    4. Levine, Peter A. Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma. North Atlantic Books, 1997.
    5. Brown, Brené. Braving the Wilderness: The Quest for True Belonging and the Courage to Stand Alone. Random House, 2017.
    6. Neff, Kristin. Self-Compassion: The Proven Power of Being Kind to Yourself. William Morrow, 2011.
    7. Miller, Alice. The Drama of the Gifted Child: The Search for the True Self. Basic Books, 1997.
    8. Jacobs Hendel, Hilary. It’s Not Always Depression: Working the Change Triangle to Listen to the Body, Discover Core Emotions, and Connect to Your Authentic Self. Random House, 2018.
    9. Hill, Napoleon. Think and Grow Rich. The Ralston Society, 1937.
    10. Dweck, Carol S. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Random House, 2006.
    11. Brown, Brené. The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You’re Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are. Hazelden, 2010.
    12. Estés, Clarissa Pinkola. Women Who Run With the Wolves: Myths and Stories of the Wild Woman Archetype. Ballantine Books, 1992.
    13. Rosenberg, Marshall B. Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life. PuddleDancer Press, 2003.
    14. Harris, Russ. The Happiness Trap: How to Stop Struggling and Start Living. Trumpeter, 2008.
    15. Bowlby, John. Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books, 1969.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Best Ways to Relieve and Manage Stress Everyday

    Best Ways to Relieve and Manage Stress Everyday

    Imagine standing at the edge of a serene lake at sunrise, breathing in the cool, crisp air — this is the kind of calm many of us crave but rarely experience. In our fast-paced world, stress has become an unwelcome companion in daily life, infiltrating our minds and bodies in subtle yet powerful ways. While modern advancements have made life more convenient, they’ve also brought a relentless pressure to perform, achieve, and stay connected 24/7.

    Chronic stress doesn’t just sap our energy; it also silently undermines our physical and mental health. According to Dr. Hans Selye, often called the “father of stress research,” stress is not what happens to us but how we respond to it — and our responses can define our well-being. As we navigate the challenges of work, relationships, and personal goals, managing stress has become a critical skill rather than a luxury.

    This blog post aims to guide educated, thoughtful readers toward practical yet profound strategies for daily stress relief and management. By exploring scientifically supported methods and timeless wisdom, we can cultivate resilience and regain our sense of inner balance. As Marcus Aurelius wrote in Meditations, “You have power over your mind — not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength.”

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    1- Prioritize Sleep for Recovery

    Quality sleep is a cornerstone of stress management. Without proper rest, the body’s cortisol levels remain elevated, leading to irritability, fatigue, and a weakened immune system. Creating a consistent bedtime routine — such as limiting screen time, reading a book, or practicing gentle stretches — can greatly improve sleep hygiene. Dr. Matthew Walker, author of Why We Sleep, argues that sleep is “the single most effective thing we can do to reset our brain and body health each day.”

    Moreover, investing in a comfortable sleep environment is a wise choice for those seeking sustained mental clarity. Consider optimizing your bedroom for relaxation: maintain a cool temperature, reduce noise, and block out light. Over time, these small adjustments can compound, creating a sanctuary where the mind and body can fully recharge.


    2- Move Your Body Regularly

    Exercise is often described as “meditation in motion.” Physical activity releases endorphins — the body’s natural painkillers — which elevate mood and counteract stress hormones. Whether it’s a brisk walk in nature, a yoga session, or a rigorous workout at the gym, consistent movement can act as a powerful antidote to daily pressures.

    Additionally, structured exercise fosters discipline and a sense of achievement. As highlighted by Dr. John Ratey in Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain, even moderate exercise has transformative effects on cognitive function and emotional resilience. Embracing movement as a daily ritual offers not only physical benefits but also a profound mental reset.


    3- Practice Mindfulness and Meditation

    Mindfulness is the art of being present — an antidote to the scattered mind perpetually dwelling on the past or future. By cultivating awareness through meditation, we learn to observe thoughts without judgment, reducing their power over us. Jon Kabat-Zinn, founder of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), suggests that mindfulness is “the awareness that arises from paying attention, on purpose, in the present moment, non-judgmentally.”

    Daily meditation, even for just ten minutes, can shift our relationship with stress dramatically. Techniques like breath-focused meditation or body scans help ground us, making it easier to respond calmly rather than react impulsively. Over time, this mental training fortifies emotional resilience and fosters inner peace.


    4- Develop a Gratitude Practice

    Gratitude is more than a fleeting feeling — it’s a deliberate mindset that transforms our outlook. By actively acknowledging what we are thankful for, we counterbalance the brain’s negativity bias, which tends to focus on problems. Research by Dr. Robert Emmons, a leading gratitude researcher, shows that people who keep gratitude journals report lower levels of stress and greater life satisfaction.

    You might begin each morning by listing three things you’re grateful for or write a weekly letter of appreciation to someone in your life. This practice not only shifts perspective but also strengthens connections with others, enhancing emotional well-being.


    5- Build Strong Social Connections

    Humans are inherently social beings, and supportive relationships act as a buffer against stress. Meaningful interactions provide emotional validation, perspective, and comfort during challenging times. According to Dr. Julianne Holt-Lunstad, strong social ties are linked to better mental health and even increased longevity.

    Regularly scheduling time with loved ones, joining interest-based groups, or volunteering can help foster deeper bonds. These connections remind us that we are not alone in our struggles and reinforce our sense of belonging.


    6- Set Healthy Boundaries

    Learning to say “no” is a vital skill for protecting mental health. Overcommitting can quickly lead to burnout and resentment. Establishing clear boundaries — whether at work, with family, or in social settings — allows us to conserve energy for what truly matters.

    Dr. Brené Brown, in her book Daring Greatly, emphasizes that setting boundaries is about self-respect and valuing our own needs. By defining limits with compassion and clarity, we create space for rest, creativity, and authentic connections.


    7- Engage in Creative Activities

    Creative expression offers an escape from the analytical mind and invites us into a state of flow, described by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi as the “optimal experience.” Whether through painting, writing, playing music, or gardening, creative activities allow us to process emotions and find joy in the present.

    Beyond emotional relief, engaging in hobbies fosters a sense of accomplishment and purpose. Even a small daily creative ritual can serve as an anchor amid life’s uncertainties, nurturing both mental and emotional resilience.


    8- Limit Digital Overload

    While technology offers undeniable benefits, constant connectivity often exacerbates stress. Doomscrolling, excessive notifications, and social media comparisons can drain mental energy and erode self-esteem. Creating intentional digital boundaries — like tech-free hours or limiting app usage — can help reclaim focus and peace.

    Cal Newport’s Digital Minimalism advocates for using technology intentionally rather than habitually. By curating your digital environment, you create mental space for deeper, more restorative activities and connections.


    9- Eat a Balanced Diet

    Nutrition profoundly impacts mood and stress levels. A diet rich in whole foods, healthy fats, lean proteins, and colorful vegetables supports stable blood sugar and hormone regulation. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and flaxseed, have been shown to reduce anxiety and inflammation.

    Moreover, mindfully preparing and savoring meals can itself be a meditative practice. As Michael Pollan suggests in In Defense of Food, “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants.” Adopting such simple guidelines nurtures both physical health and mental equilibrium.


    10- Practice Deep Breathing

    Breath is a bridge between body and mind. Conscious breathing techniques can quickly activate the parasympathetic nervous system, signaling the body to relax. Practices such as diaphragmatic breathing, box breathing, or alternate nostril breathing can reduce heart rate and lower cortisol levels.

    Incorporating short breathing exercises throughout the day — during meetings, in traffic, or before bed — builds a habit of calming the nervous system on demand. This tool is always available, discreet, and profoundly effective.


    11- Spend Time in Nature

    Nature has an unparalleled ability to ground and rejuvenate us. The Japanese practice of “forest bathing” (shinrin-yoku) encourages slow, mindful immersion in natural environments, shown to reduce stress hormones and boost immune function.

    Regular walks in green spaces, gardening, or simply sitting under a tree can rekindle a sense of wonder and interconnectedness. As Henry David Thoreau wrote in Walden, “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately.” Reconnecting with nature offers a timeless refuge from modern life’s chaos.


    12- Learn to Reframe Thoughts

    Cognitive reframing is a powerful technique from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that helps us reinterpret negative thoughts. Instead of catastrophizing or fixating on worst-case scenarios, we learn to find alternative, more balanced perspectives.

    Practicing this skill fosters emotional flexibility and reduces the grip of stress. Dr. Aaron T. Beck, the founder of CBT, emphasizes that “the way you think affects the way you feel.” By challenging automatic thoughts, we create space for more constructive and empowering narratives.


    13- Laugh More Often

    Laughter truly is therapeutic. It releases endorphins, reduces muscle tension, and stimulates circulation, all of which contribute to an immediate sense of relaxation. Watching a favorite comedy, sharing jokes with friends, or even practicing laughter yoga can brighten even the heaviest days.

    As Viktor Frankl noted in Man’s Search for Meaning, “A sense of humor… is another of the soul’s weapons in the fight for self-preservation.” Cultivating moments of joy and playfulness strengthens our resilience to life’s inevitable challenges.


    14- Cultivate Spiritual Practices

    Spirituality, whether religious or secular, offers a framework for meaning and connection beyond the self. Practices like prayer, contemplation, or participating in community rituals provide comfort and perspective during stressful times.

    Books such as The Art of Happiness by the Dalai Lama and Howard Cutler explore how spiritual perspectives can deepen inner peace. Engaging in these practices can instill a sense of purpose and help us navigate life’s uncertainties with grace.


    15- Seek Professional Help When Needed

    Recognizing when stress exceeds our coping abilities is crucial. Therapists, counselors, and coaches can provide guidance, tools, and support to navigate difficult emotions. Seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.

    Therapists trained in evidence-based approaches such as CBT, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or mindfulness-based interventions can help individuals build resilience and develop personalized stress management strategies.


    16- Embrace Minimalism

    Simplifying your life can be a powerful antidote to stress. By reducing material clutter and unnecessary commitments, we create mental and emotional space. Minimalism isn’t about deprivation but about intentionality and focusing on what truly matters.

    Joshua Becker’s book The More of Less discusses how living with fewer possessions can lead to greater fulfillment and peace. Embracing minimalism encourages us to realign our priorities and experience life more deeply and authentically.


    17- Develop a Personal Growth Mindset

    A growth mindset, a term popularized by Dr. Carol Dweck, refers to the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and effort. This perspective transforms failures into opportunities for learning and reduces stress related to perfectionism.

    By seeing challenges as stepping stones rather than threats, we build resilience and self-confidence. Adopting this mindset helps us navigate stress with curiosity and determination rather than fear.


    18- Practice Time Management

    Poor time management is a frequent source of stress. By setting realistic goals, prioritizing tasks, and breaking projects into smaller steps, we can reduce overwhelm and enhance productivity. Tools such as the Eisenhower Matrix or time-blocking can be particularly effective.

    Stephen Covey’s The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People emphasizes the importance of focusing on what is truly important rather than what is merely urgent. Mastering time allows us to invest energy into activities that nourish us rather than drain us.


    19- Engage in Volunteer Work

    Helping others can be a profound way to alleviate our own stress. Acts of service redirect focus from our personal worries to the needs of the community, fostering empathy and connection. Research shows that volunteering enhances life satisfaction and lowers depression levels.

    Whether it’s mentoring, environmental work, or community outreach, contributing time and skills creates a sense of purpose and belonging. As Albert Schweitzer said, “The purpose of human life is to serve, and to show compassion and the will to help others.”


    20- Create a Comfortable Home Environment

    Our physical surroundings greatly influence our mental state. A clean, organized, and aesthetically pleasing space can promote calm and clarity. Small touches — like houseplants, calming colors, or soft lighting — transform a house into a sanctuary.

    Marie Kondo’s The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up underscores the emotional relief that comes from decluttering and organizing. By intentionally designing our living spaces, we support our well-being and foster an environment where we can truly unwind.


    21- Common effects of stress

    Stress manifests in myriad ways, often creeping into our lives without obvious warning. Physically, chronic stress can trigger headaches, muscle tension, digestive issues, and weakened immunity. Mentally, it fosters anxiety, irritability, and difficulty concentrating, undermining both productivity and peace of mind. Dr. Gabor Maté, in When the Body Says No, argues that persistent stress profoundly disrupts our physiological equilibrium, contributing to long-term illnesses such as hypertension and autoimmune diseases.

    Emotionally, stress can erode our sense of joy and connection, leaving us feeling disconnected and overwhelmed. Social withdrawal, emotional reactivity, and strained relationships often follow. By understanding these effects, we empower ourselves to take proactive steps before stress escalates into more severe health problems.


    22- Is all stress bad?

    Not all stress is inherently harmful; in fact, some stress can be beneficial. This positive form, known as eustress, motivates us to meet deadlines, perform on stage, or push through physical challenges. It sharpens focus, boosts energy, and builds resilience. As Kelly McGonigal highlights in The Upside of Stress, embracing stress as a tool for growth can transform our relationship with it.

    However, when stress becomes chronic or unmanageable, it shifts from being a catalyst to a detriment. The key lies in discerning productive stress from toxic stress and learning to navigate each wisely. By reframing stress as a potential ally, we cultivate an empowered mindset and harness its energy for constructive purposes.


    23- Ways to Manage Stress Effectively

    Effective stress management is a holistic endeavor, involving physical, mental, and emotional strategies. Central to this is self-awareness: recognizing personal stress triggers and observing our responses without self-judgment. This insight allows us to choose coping mechanisms consciously rather than react impulsively.

    Integrating daily habits such as regular exercise, adequate rest, mindfulness practices, and creative outlets forms a robust defense against stress. As the philosopher Seneca wrote, “We suffer more often in imagination than in reality.” By building routines that anchor us, we foster resilience and reclaim control over our emotional landscape.


    24- Move your body

    Movement is a potent tool against stress, acting as a physical release valve for built-up tension. Regular activity stimulates the production of endorphins and serotonin, neurotransmitters that enhance mood and promote relaxation. Whether it’s a morning jog, dancing to your favorite music, or an evening yoga session, finding enjoyable ways to move can turn exercise into a joyful ritual rather than a chore.

    Moreover, physical movement nurtures a sense of embodiment and presence, pulling us away from ruminative thoughts. As Dr. John Ratey notes in Spark, exercise strengthens not just the body but also the brain, enhancing cognitive flexibility and stress resilience. By weaving movement into your daily routine, you transform it into a vital pillar of emotional well-being.


    25- Breathe deeply

    Breathwork is a subtle yet powerful method to regulate stress. Deep, diaphragmatic breathing signals safety to the brain, shifting the body from a fight-or-flight state into relaxation. Practices such as 4-7-8 breathing or alternate nostril breathing can be easily integrated into daily life, offering immediate relief during moments of tension.

    Beyond physiological benefits, intentional breathing fosters mental clarity and cultivates mindfulness. In Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art, James Nestor illustrates how transformative proper breathing can be for our health and emotional equilibrium. Developing a habit of deep breathing equips us with a portable, always-available tool for managing stress anywhere, anytime.


    26- Embrace nature

    Immersing yourself in nature offers a profound respite from modern life’s incessant demands. Time spent among trees, rivers, or mountains restores mental energy and enhances mood. The concept of “biophilia,” popularized by Edward O. Wilson, suggests humans possess an innate tendency to connect with nature, a bond that soothes our overstimulated minds.

    Even brief interactions with nature, such as tending to a garden or walking in a nearby park, can lower blood pressure and decrease stress hormone levels. As Florence Williams explores in The Nature Fix, nature engagement profoundly nourishes our mental and emotional health, providing a simple yet powerful sanctuary from daily pressures.


    27- Connect with loved ones

    Nurturing meaningful relationships acts as an emotional safeguard against stress. Close connections provide a sense of security, shared joy, and comfort during challenging times. Social support has been shown to lower stress hormones and foster resilience, with countless studies affirming its protective effects on mental and physical health.

    Regularly reaching out to friends and family, sharing meals, or simply having heart-to-heart conversations strengthens these bonds. As Dr. Vivek Murthy emphasizes in Together, our need for connection is as fundamental as our need for food and water. Investing in relationships not only enriches life but also fortifies us against life’s inevitable storms.


    28- Practice mindfulness

    Mindfulness invites us to inhabit the present moment fully, reducing mental chatter and emotional reactivity. Through practices such as body scans, mindful walking, or simply paying attention to breath, we cultivate an inner calm that transcends external chaos. Regular mindfulness practice restructures neural pathways, enhancing focus and emotional regulation.

    Thich Nhat Hanh, in The Miracle of Mindfulness, beautifully describes it as “the energy of being aware and awake to the present moment.” By incorporating mindfulness into daily life, we develop the capacity to respond rather than react, creating a refuge of tranquility within ourselves regardless of external circumstances.


    29- Get enough sleep

    Sleep acts as the body’s natural repair system, vital for processing emotions and restoring balance. Insufficient sleep amplifies stress responses, impairs decision-making, and undermines immune function. Establishing a calming pre-sleep routine — dim lighting, quiet reading, or gentle stretching — primes the mind for restful slumber.

    Consistency is crucial: maintaining a regular sleep schedule strengthens circadian rhythms and supports mental clarity. As Arianna Huffington outlines in The Sleep Revolution, quality sleep is not a luxury but a foundation for thriving. Prioritizing sleep transforms our capacity to meet life’s demands with composure and vitality.


    30- Eat a healthy diet

    Nutrition deeply influences stress resilience. Whole foods rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants help regulate mood and energy levels. Magnesium-rich leafy greens, vitamin B-rich grains, and omega-3 fatty acids all play roles in mitigating the physiological impact of stress. Hydration is equally important, as even mild dehydration can exacerbate feelings of anxiety.

    Beyond nutrition itself, the act of preparing and savoring meals mindfully can become a soothing ritual. In How Not to Die, Dr. Michael Greger underscores that diet is both preventative and curative. By fueling our bodies wisely, we empower ourselves to navigate stress from a place of strength and balance.


    31- Laugh more

    Laughter lightens burdens, inspires hope, and connects us with others. Physiologically, it lowers cortisol, boosts endorphins, and improves immune function. Watching comedies, sharing funny stories, or practicing laughter yoga can inject daily doses of joy into our routines.

    Humor also provides perspective, helping us see difficulties in a less threatening light. As Charlie Chaplin once said, “A day without laughter is a day wasted.” Cultivating humor strengthens emotional flexibility and infuses life with much-needed levity.


    32- Listen to music

    Music is a universal language that transcends cognitive barriers and speaks directly to our emotional core. Listening to calming music lowers heart rate and reduces stress hormones, while uplifting songs can energize and motivate us. Creating playlists tailored to different moods can serve as an effective self-care toolkit.

    Music therapy is a well-established practice for reducing anxiety and improving overall well-being. In This Is Your Brain on Music, Daniel Levitin explores how music shapes brain function and emotional states. By consciously integrating music into our daily lives, we harness its power to soothe and invigorate.


    33- Learn to say no

    Saying “no” is an essential act of self-care and an expression of self-respect. Overextending ourselves often leads to resentment and exhaustion, diminishing our capacity to handle stress effectively. By setting boundaries, we protect our time and energy for priorities that truly align with our values.

    In Essentialism, Greg McKeown argues that the disciplined pursuit of less leads to more meaning and impact. Practicing this mindset helps us navigate obligations without guilt, fostering a balanced life where we can show up fully and authentically in the commitments we do choose.


    34- Seek professional help

    Sometimes, stress surpasses the capacity of self-help strategies, requiring expert guidance. Mental health professionals provide tools, support, and perspectives that can break chronic patterns and foster healing. Therapy offers a safe space to explore root causes, develop coping strategies, and build resilience.

    Approaches like cognitive-behavioral therapy, EMDR, or somatic experiencing can be life-changing for individuals struggling with severe stress or trauma. As Irvin D. Yalom emphasizes in The Gift of Therapy, seeking help is a courageous step toward greater self-understanding and liberation from suffering. Reaching out is a profound act of strength and self-compassion.


    Conclusion

    Our ability to manage stress shapes not only our health but also the quality and depth of our lives. By integrating diverse approaches — from cultivating mindfulness to setting boundaries and seeking community support — we create a comprehensive, resilient toolkit for navigating modern demands. These practices are invitations to live more intentionally, with greater joy and presence.

    As the philosopher William James wisely said, “The greatest weapon against stress is our ability to choose one thought over another.” May these insights empower you to choose a path of balance, strength, and enduring well-being.

    Stress may be an inevitable part of modern life, but how we manage it defines our experience of the world. By weaving together practices that nurture body, mind, and spirit, we create a resilient foundation that can withstand life’s storms. These strategies are not quick fixes but lifelong tools to help us live with more ease, clarity, and joy.

    In the words of Epictetus, “It’s not what happens to you, but how you react to it that matters.” May these approaches empower you to reclaim your inner calm and build a life of intentional well-being.

    Bibliography

    1. Maté, Gabor. When the Body Says No: Exploring the Stress-Disease Connection. Vintage Canada, 2019.
    2. McGonigal, Kelly. The Upside of Stress: Why Stress Is Good for You, and How to Get Good at It. Avery, 2015.
    3. Ratey, John J. Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain. Little, Brown Spark, 2008.
    4. Nestor, James. Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art. Riverhead Books, 2020.
    5. Wilson, Edward O. Biophilia. Harvard University Press, 1984.
    6. Williams, Florence. The Nature Fix: Why Nature Makes Us Happier, Healthier, and More Creative. W. W. Norton & Company, 2017.
    7. Murthy, Vivek H. Together: The Healing Power of Human Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World. Harper Wave, 2020.
    8. Hanh, Thich Nhat. The Miracle of Mindfulness: An Introduction to the Practice of Meditation. Beacon Press, 1999.
    9. Huffington, Arianna. The Sleep Revolution: Transforming Your Life, One Night at a Time. Harmony, 2016.
    10. Greger, Michael. How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease. Flatiron Books, 2015.
    11. Levitin, Daniel J. This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession. Dutton, 2006.
    12. McKeown, Greg. Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less. Crown Business, 2014.
    13. Yalom, Irvin D. The Gift of Therapy: An Open Letter to a New Generation of Therapists and Their Patients. Harper Perennial, 2002.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Top Benefits of Living in a Small Town

    Top Benefits of Living in a Small Town

    Imagine waking up to the gentle chirping of birds instead of the blaring siren of city traffic. For many, living in a small town is a dream that offers a refreshing escape from the ceaseless hustle and bustle of urban life. In an age where faster often seems better, small towns remind us of the deep joys found in simplicity, connection, and a slower pace.

    While metropolitan areas might boast towering skyscrapers and endless entertainment options, small towns offer a treasure trove of hidden advantages often overlooked by city dwellers. From tighter community bonds to a lower cost of living, these towns provide a haven for those seeking both peace and purpose. As the American sociologist Ray Oldenburg discussed in The Great Good Place, “Third places”—informal public gathering spaces—are vital to community life, and small towns excel at fostering them.

    Beyond the immediate charm, choosing to live in a small town opens doors to a lifestyle imbued with authenticity and meaning. It challenges us to rethink what it truly means to live well and to build a life centered around values rather than mere conveniences. Let’s dive deeper into the remarkable benefits of small-town living.

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    1- Strong Sense of Community

    One of the most cherished hallmarks of small-town life is the sense of belonging that permeates daily existence. Neighbors know each other by name, and casual greetings on morning walks are the norm rather than the exception. Unlike the anonymity of sprawling cities, small towns offer a profound social intimacy that strengthens mental and emotional health. According to Robert Putnam in his seminal book Bowling Alone, communal ties significantly enhance personal happiness and civic engagement.

    Such social fabric not only supports individuals during times of need but also builds resilience in the community as a whole. Events like local fairs, farmers’ markets, and high school sports games become cherished traditions that weave people together. For those who value genuine human connection, small towns embody Aristotle’s notion that “man is by nature a social animal.”


    2- Lower Cost of Living

    A defining attraction of small towns is their affordability. Housing, groceries, healthcare, and entertainment often come at a fraction of the cost found in metropolitan areas. This financial relief allows residents to allocate resources towards travel, hobbies, or investments that enrich their lives in more meaningful ways. Economist Richard Florida argues that affordability is a crucial factor in overall life satisfaction.

    Moreover, lower expenses enable a lifestyle that prioritizes quality over quantity. Instead of racing to pay off exorbitant mortgages or spiraling rents, small-town residents can focus on experiences that foster personal growth and fulfillment. Books like Your Money or Your Life by Vicki Robin emphasize aligning spending with one’s core values—a philosophy naturally embodied in small-town living.


    3- Closer Connection to Nature

    Small towns often sit amidst stunning natural landscapes, offering daily opportunities to engage with the outdoors. From serene lakes to sprawling forests, nature becomes an ever-present companion, encouraging physical activity and nurturing mental health. The biophilia hypothesis, discussed by Edward O. Wilson, suggests humans possess an innate need to connect with nature, which small-town life abundantly satisfies.

    Beyond recreational benefits, this proximity fosters a deep respect for environmental stewardship. Gardening, hiking, and wildlife observation become part of the weekly rhythm, offering a meditative escape from screens and urban noise. For readers keen on exploring this further, Henry David Thoreau’s Walden remains an essential reflection on the virtues of simple living close to nature.


    4- Less Traffic and Pollution

    A striking advantage of small towns is the absence of traffic congestion and the resulting cleaner air. Reduced vehicle density means less noise and lower levels of harmful emissions, creating a healthier environment for families and individuals alike. Research published in The Lancet underscores the significant health benefits associated with lower air pollution.

    Residents enjoy shorter, stress-free commutes and spend less time stuck in gridlock, reclaiming hours otherwise lost in urban settings. This not only improves physical well-being but also boosts psychological health, supporting a more balanced and satisfying life. As Albert Einstein wisely stated, “Out of clutter, find simplicity.”


    5- Safer Environment

    Safety is often a top priority when choosing where to live, and small towns consistently rank higher in terms of lower crime rates. The close-knit community acts as a natural deterrent to crime, as people look out for each other and maintain a collective vigilance. According to criminologist James Q. Wilson’s “broken windows theory,” communities that care for their environment deter more serious crimes.

    In addition to lower crime, children and the elderly can enjoy greater independence, knowing that neighbors will step in if needed. This sense of collective guardianship fosters an environment where trust and freedom flourish. For further insights, readers might explore Safe Cities: Governing Crime and Security at the Municipal Level by Mark Button.


    6- Slower Pace of Life

    In small towns, the frantic tempo of urban life gives way to a more measured, mindful rhythm. Without the constant pressure to rush from one appointment to the next, individuals can savor everyday moments and cultivate a sense of presence. As philosopher Seneca argued in On the Shortness of Life, “Life is long if you know how to use it.”

    This slower pace promotes stronger relationships and a more profound appreciation for simple joys. Residents often describe feeling less stressed and more content with their lives, a testament to the rejuvenating power of living slowly and intentionally.


    7- Opportunities for Local Entrepreneurship

    Small towns provide fertile ground for entrepreneurs seeking to build businesses that genuinely serve their communities. With fewer corporate competitors and more personal connections, local ventures can thrive on trust and word-of-mouth reputation. Michael Shuman’s The Small-Mart Revolution explores how local economies can outperform global giants through community-focused business models.

    Moreover, residents are more likely to support local shops, artisans, and services, keeping money circulating within the community. This fosters economic resilience and sustains a unique local culture that larger cities often lack.


    8- Rich Local Culture and Traditions

    Despite their smaller size, many small towns boast vibrant cultural traditions that reflect generations of local history. Festivals, parades, and historical reenactments create a tapestry of shared experiences that unite residents. As sociologist Emile Durkheim emphasized, collective rituals strengthen social solidarity and reaffirm communal values.

    Such traditions offer residents and visitors alike a glimpse into the heart of the town, creating memories that last a lifetime. Books like The Spirit of Community by Amitai Etzioni delve into the importance of shared cultural practices for societal cohesion.


    9- Greater Work-Life Balance

    Without long commutes and constant urban distractions, residents of small towns can more easily establish a healthy work-life balance. Work often feels less intrusive, allowing more time for family, hobbies, and community activities. As Stewart D. Friedman discusses in Total Leadership, integrating life domains leads to more sustainable success and fulfillment.

    Moreover, remote work options have made it increasingly feasible to live in a small town while maintaining a rewarding career. The combination of professional satisfaction and personal well-being becomes a realistic goal rather than a distant ideal.


    10- Stronger Educational Support

    In small towns, schools often enjoy closer relationships with families and community stakeholders. Teachers know their students personally, allowing for individualized support and mentorship that larger school systems may struggle to provide. According to John Hattie’s Visible Learning, teacher-student relationships significantly impact academic achievement.

    Furthermore, parents and community members frequently volunteer, creating an environment where education is a shared responsibility. This collective investment in children’s futures fosters a more holistic, nurturing approach to learning.


    11- Greater Civic Engagement

    With fewer residents, each voice in a small town carries more weight, encouraging greater participation in local governance and civic initiatives. Town meetings, volunteer committees, and local boards become accessible venues for active citizenship. Political theorist Alexis de Tocqueville highlighted in Democracy in America the importance of local institutions in nurturing democratic habits.

    Such engagement empowers individuals to shape their surroundings and builds a stronger sense of accountability and pride in one’s community. Ultimately, it turns passive residents into active stewards of their town’s welfare.


    12- Stronger Intergenerational Relationships

    Small towns often facilitate deep, intergenerational bonds. Grandparents, parents, and children frequently live close to one another, fostering a sense of continuity and shared heritage. Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development emphasize the importance of such connections in shaping identity and resilience.

    Regular interactions between age groups also encourage empathy, wisdom-sharing, and mutual support, enriching the social fabric of the community. For more exploration, consider reading Aging and Society by Matilda White Riley.


    13- Enhanced Health and Well-being

    Living in a small town often means more time spent outdoors, fresher food from local sources, and less exposure to environmental toxins—all factors that contribute to better overall health. Studies published in Health & Place journal confirm the correlation between smaller communities and lower stress levels.

    Moreover, residents typically experience stronger mental health thanks to social support networks and a sense of security. The interconnected lifestyle promotes a holistic approach to health, resonating with ideas from The Blue Zones by Dan Buettner, which examines communities with exceptional longevity.


    14- Lower Levels of Noise Pollution

    The gentle hum of nature replaces the incessant clatter of urban life in small towns. Reduced noise pollution allows residents to enjoy deeper, more restorative sleep and greater peace throughout the day. According to Noise: A Human History of Sound and Listening by David Hendy, excessive noise profoundly affects physical and mental health.

    This quieter environment encourages mindfulness, creativity, and contemplation, providing an ideal backdrop for those seeking tranquility. In a world where noise often symbolizes chaos, silence becomes a precious luxury.


    15- Greater Opportunities for Volunteerism

    In small towns, volunteering isn’t just an extracurricular activity; it’s a vital part of community life. Whether helping at local food banks, organizing festivals, or mentoring youth, residents actively contribute to collective well-being. Philosopher Peter Singer, in The Life You Can Save, underscores the moral imperative of giving back.

    Volunteerism strengthens social bonds, fosters skills development, and instills a deep sense of purpose. The widespread culture of service helps create resilient communities where everyone feels valued and needed.


    16- Access to Local, Fresh Food

    Small towns often have abundant access to locally grown produce and artisanal goods. Farmers’ markets and small-scale farms provide residents with fresher, more nutritious options compared to industrial supply chains. Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma highlights the profound benefits of knowing where your food comes from.

    Beyond health, supporting local food systems strengthens regional economies and promotes environmentally sustainable practices. Eating locally becomes not just a dietary choice but an act of community solidarity.


    17- More Affordable Housing

    Housing in small towns tends to be more accessible both in price and availability. Instead of tiny apartments or cramped condos, many residents enjoy spacious homes with yards and gardens, creating room for family activities and hobbies. In Evicted, Matthew Desmond discusses how housing affordability is crucial to economic stability and mental health.

    Homeownership becomes an attainable goal rather than a distant dream, contributing to long-term financial security and emotional well-being. The ability to put down roots is a powerful foundation for building a fulfilling life.


    18- Rich Historical Heritage

    Many small towns are steeped in history, with buildings, landmarks, and stories that date back centuries. This rich heritage creates a strong sense of identity and continuity, offering residents a tangible connection to the past. Historian David Lowenthal in The Past is a Foreign Country argues that heritage shapes our sense of place and belonging.

    Historical preservation efforts often become community-wide projects, further enhancing civic pride and collective memory. Walking down a historic main street can feel like stepping back in time, a daily reminder of the town’s enduring legacy.


    19- Close Proximity to Essential Services

    Despite their modest size, many small towns provide convenient access to essential services, including healthcare, groceries, and schools. Short distances mean less time spent commuting and more time dedicated to meaningful pursuits. In The Geography of Nowhere, James Howard Kunstler criticizes urban sprawl for disconnecting people from necessary services—a problem small towns largely avoid.

    Residents can often accomplish daily errands quickly and efficiently, allowing for a smoother, less stressful routine. This practical convenience adds another layer of comfort to small-town living.


    20- Greater Creative Inspiration

    Finally, small towns often spark creativity, providing artists, writers, and thinkers with fertile ground for their work. The serene atmosphere, combined with close community and natural beauty, can inspire fresh ideas and deeper reflection. As John Stillgoe argues in Outside Lies Magic, unstructured spaces nurture curiosity and creativity.

    Free from the constant noise and visual clutter of cities, small-town life offers a mental spaciousness that fosters innovation. Whether painting a landscape or writing a novel, the creative spirit finds ample room to thrive.


    21- Lower Cost-of-Living

    Living in a small town often means your paycheck stretches much further than it would in an urban center. Essentials such as housing, groceries, and even leisure activities tend to be far more affordable, allowing residents to enjoy a higher quality of life without constant financial strain. As Thomas J. Stanley highlights in The Millionaire Next Door, frugality and cost-conscious choices contribute significantly to long-term financial freedom.

    Moreover, lower expenses mean individuals can save more, invest in future goals, or spend on enriching experiences such as travel and education. This financial flexibility empowers residents to lead lives that align more closely with their values, reinforcing the idea that wealth is not just about accumulation but about intentional living.


    22- Less Traffic

    Small towns are synonymous with clear roads and stress-free drives. The absence of endless lines of cars means commutes are not only shorter but also far more pleasant, enabling residents to reclaim precious hours every week. Research in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour shows that long, stressful commutes negatively impact mental health and overall life satisfaction.

    Beyond convenience, less traffic fosters safer streets for pedestrians and cyclists, encouraging more active lifestyles. As Jane Jacobs notes in The Death and Life of Great American Cities, environments designed for people rather than cars nurture healthier, more vibrant communities.


    23- Nature in Your Backyard

    In many small towns, natural beauty is just a step away, whether it’s a wooded trail, a quiet lake, or a rolling meadow. This immediate access makes it easy to integrate outdoor activities into daily life, supporting both physical and mental well-being. Florence Williams in The Nature Fix emphasizes the profound cognitive and emotional benefits of frequent contact with nature.

    Gardening, bird-watching, or simply enjoying a sunset can become daily rituals that nourish the spirit. Instead of planning occasional escapes from the city, residents live within their sanctuary, experiencing a continuous connection to the rhythms of the natural world.


    24- Focus on Experiences Over Materialism

    Small-town living often shifts one’s focus away from consumerism towards experiences that foster genuine joy and fulfillment. With fewer shopping malls and luxury boutiques, social life revolves more around community events, family gatherings, and outdoor adventures. This echoes the philosophy in Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic by John de Graaf, which critiques the obsession with material accumulation.

    Residents are encouraged to find meaning in relationships and simple pleasures rather than fleeting purchases. Such a mindset not only reduces financial pressure but also promotes a deeper, more authentic sense of happiness and contentment.


    25- Slower Paced Living

    The unhurried lifestyle of small towns allows for a greater sense of presence and mindfulness. Instead of rushing through daily tasks, residents have time to savor each moment, creating a richer and more satisfying life experience. As Carl Honoré eloquently argues in In Praise of Slow, decelerating life’s tempo leads to greater fulfillment and well-being.

    This slower pace also encourages self-reflection, personal growth, and more thoughtful decision-making. In an era obsessed with speed and instant gratification, small towns offer a rare invitation to rediscover the art of living deeply rather than merely existing rapidly.


    26- Less Pollution

    Air and noise pollution are significantly lower in small towns, contributing to better respiratory health and overall wellness. The cleaner environment not only benefits physical health but also promotes a more peaceful mental state. Studies in Environmental Health Perspectives demonstrate the close relationship between pollution levels and chronic disease prevalence.

    In addition to cleaner air, small-town residents often enjoy clearer water and more pristine natural surroundings. These environmental advantages make it easier to lead a sustainable lifestyle and cultivate a deeper respect for ecological preservation, echoing the sentiments found in Rachel Carson’s classic, Silent Spring.


    27- Locally-Owned Businesses

    Small towns often boast a thriving network of locally-owned businesses that serve as the backbone of the community. Supporting these establishments strengthens the local economy and fosters unique cultural identities, as explored in Stacy Mitchell’s Big-Box Swindle. Local shops, cafes, and service providers reflect the town’s character and values rather than conforming to a homogenized corporate mold.

    Residents develop personal relationships with shopkeepers and artisans, which enhances trust and customer satisfaction. Moreover, money spent locally tends to stay within the community, creating a virtuous cycle of economic growth and communal well-being.


    28- Less Noise and Crime

    The tranquil soundscape of a small town, free from constant sirens and construction noise, fosters a more restful and restorative daily experience. Peaceful environments have been shown to lower cortisol levels and improve sleep quality, as discussed in Why We Sleep by Matthew Walker.

    Simultaneously, lower crime rates allow residents to feel secure in their homes and public spaces. Parents can let their children play outside without constant fear, and elderly residents can enjoy independence and mobility. This combination of quiet and safety contributes profoundly to an overarching sense of peace and belonging.


    29- Purposeful Connections and Community

    In small towns, relationships often run deeper and are built on genuine trust and shared history. Unlike the transient connections of urban life, small-town bonds are nurtured through face-to-face interactions and collective experiences. Robin Dunbar, in How Many Friends Does One Person Need?, suggests that smaller, more intimate social circles lead to higher emotional resilience and satisfaction.

    These authentic connections provide a powerful support network during life’s inevitable challenges. The resulting sense of solidarity and mutual care transforms the community from merely a place to live into a true extended family.


    30- A Simpler Life

    Ultimately, small-town living encourages a return to simplicity, allowing individuals to focus on what truly matters: meaningful relationships, personal passions, and a harmonious connection with nature. This simplicity is not a sacrifice but a liberation from the constant demands and distractions of modern urban existence. As Leo Tolstoy beautifully expressed, “There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness, and truth.”

    Choosing a simpler life enables individuals to live intentionally, aligning their daily actions with their deepest values. For further reading on this philosophy, consider The Art of Simple Living by Shunmyo Masuno, which offers insights into achieving serenity and fulfillment through simplicity.


    Conclusion

    Choosing to live in a small town is, at its heart, a decision to embrace a life of depth rather than surface glitter, of connection rather than isolation. With lower costs, cleaner environments, stronger communities, and a simpler, more meaningful pace, small towns present a compelling alternative to the relentless grind of urban life. By focusing on what truly enriches the human spirit, they offer a quiet but powerful invitation: to live not just longer, but better.

    In an increasingly complex and frenetic world, small towns offer a rare sanctuary where life’s fundamental joys can flourish. From strong community ties and rich traditions to lower costs and abundant nature, these towns embody a slower, more meaningful way of living. As we reflect on what truly enriches our lives, the humble small town emerges as a profound answer, inviting us to rediscover simplicity, connection, and purpose.

    Bibliography

    1. Stanley, Thomas J., and William D. Danko. The Millionaire Next Door: The Surprising Secrets of America’s Wealthy. Longstreet Press, 1996.
    2. Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House, 1961.
    3. Williams, Florence. The Nature Fix: Why Nature Makes Us Happier, Healthier, and More Creative. W. W. Norton & Company, 2017.
    4. De Graaf, John, David Wann, and Thomas H. Naylor. Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2005.
    5. Honoré, Carl. In Praise of Slow: Challenging the Cult of Speed. HarperOne, 2004.
    6. Mitchell, Stacy. Big-Box Swindle: The True Cost of Mega-Retailers and the Fight for America’s Independent Businesses. Beacon Press, 2006.
    7. Walker, Matthew. Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams. Scribner, 2017.
    8. Dunbar, Robin. How Many Friends Does One Person Need? Dunbar’s Number and Other Evolutionary Quirks. Faber & Faber, 2010.
    9. Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin, 1962.
    10. Masuno, Shunmyo. The Art of Simple Living: 100 Daily Practices from a Zen Buddhist Monk for a Lifetime of Calm and Joy. Penguin Books, 2019.
    11. Tolstoy, Leo. A Calendar of Wisdom: Daily Thoughts to Nourish the Soul, Written and Selected from the World’s Sacred Texts. Scribner, 1997. (Original work published 1904.)
    12. Litman, Todd. “Transportation and Public Health.” Annual Review of Public Health, vol. 34, 2013, pp. 217–233.
    13. Evans, Gary W., and Elyse Kantrowitz. “Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure.” Annual Review of Public Health, vol. 23, 2002, pp. 303–331.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Al-Riyadh Newspaper, July 14, 2025: A Tapestry of Progress and Challenges, Economic Transformation, Cultural and Social Development

    Al-Riyadh Newspaper, July 14, 2025: A Tapestry of Progress and Challenges, Economic Transformation, Cultural and Social Development

    These sources discuss various advancements and initiatives in Saudi Arabia, primarily focusing on its Vision 2030 goals. They highlight the Kingdom’s economic transformation, including growth in the financial and tourism sectors, and efforts to attract foreign investment. Additionally, the texts touch upon the nation’s cultural and social development, with emphasis on supporting arts, enhancing digital libraries, and empowering youth and women. International relations, energy policy, and regional conflicts like the situation in Gaza are also addressed, providing a comprehensive overview of Saudi Arabia’s domestic progress and its role on the global stage.

    Podcast

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    Listen or Download Podcast : Al-Riyadh Newspaper, July 14, 2025

    Saudi Financial Sector: Vision 2030 Transformation

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s financial sector is undergoing significant transformation and development, aligning with the ambitious goals of Vision 2030. The sector aims to be a diverse and effective financial hub that supports the national economy and enhances its regional and international competitiveness.

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    Key Achievements and Developments in 2024:

    • Institutional Reform and Regulatory Updates:
    • The year 2024 saw major milestones in the financial sector’s development program, characterized by institutional and technological integration.
    • Regulating entities updated regulations and laws to keep pace with global changes, enhance local market efficiency, adopt flexible policies, and support stability.
    • There was a focus on improving the quality of financial services and protecting the rights of investors and consumers.
    • New regulations were adopted to facilitate the issuance of Sukuk and bonds and activate supporting financing systems.
    • Growth in Financial Technology (Fintech):
    • Fintech was a major focus in 2024.
    • The number of licensed Fintech companies surged to 261 in 2024, compared to 216 in 2023, 147 in 2022, and only 14 in 2020.
    • This growth created over 11,000 direct jobs in the sector, with 8,500 of those under the supervision of the Saudi Central Bank.
    • Total venture capital investments in Fintech companies exceeded 7.6 billion Saudi Riyals, indicating the Kingdom’s attractiveness for high-growth investments.
    • Support for Fintech included specialized training programs to build national competencies in areas like Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, digital payments, and financial analysis.
    • The year also saw the launch of “Dal Bank 360” as the first licensed Saudi digital bank, marking a qualitative shift in banking services.
    • Capital Market Development:
    • The financial market development program continued to enhance infrastructure and improve trading attractiveness.
    • 44 new Saudi companies were listed on the financial market, bringing the total to 353 companies.
    • The first Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) tracking Chinese markets (Shanghai and Shenzhen) were launched, reflecting a diversification trend in investment products.
    • Instructions for issuing real estate contribution certificates were adopted, and the “Tadawul Bdail” platform was launched to activate secondary markets and provide new financing tools for investors, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
    • Support for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs):
    • The “Kafalah” program has guaranteed financing exceeding 107.2 billion Saudi Riyals since its establishment.
    • The “Tamweelk Fi Yawmain” (Your Financing in Two Days) initiative was launched to accelerate and simplify financing procedures, aiming to increase SMEs’ contribution to the national GDP to 35% by 2030.
    • Insurance Sector Advancements:
    • The insurance sector took strategic steps in 2024, including the adoption of a new insurance product for the “Kafalah Fund”.
    • There was a 56% growth in licensed insurance companies in the Kingdom compared to the previous year, reflecting market development and increased demand for insurance products.
    • The insurance authority launched an experimental incubator for Insurtech companies to foster innovation.
    • Financial Literacy and Capacity Building:
    • The program emphasized enhancing financial literacy among community members.
    • The Financial Academy launched initiatives, including a “National Initiative” to increase the number of certified financial analysts and programs to educate children in schools on managing financial resources.
    • Training programs for financial sector employees benefited over 52,000 trainees in areas such as asset management, governance, and digital transformation, aligning with Vision 2030’s goal of building human capabilities.
    • Regional Leadership in Venture Capital:
    • The Kingdom topped the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in venture capital investment volume in 2024, reflecting a successful environment for attracting risk capital, particularly in Fintech, e-commerce, and digital health.
    • The Saudi Venture Capital Company launched new initiatives in partnership with local and international investors to finance innovation.

    Aspirations for 2025 and Beyond:

    • The program’s 2025 aspirations include completing digitalization projects in financial services, increasing financial inclusion to 90%, and deepening regional cooperation with Gulf and Arab financial markets.
    • It also aims to develop a system for issuing digital currencies in coordination with the Central Bank.
    • The goal is to build a flexible, diverse, and sustainable financial sector that supports national development and creates economic opportunities for all segments of society, solidifying the Kingdom’s position as a leading financial hub in the region.

    Specific Reforms in Financial Regulations:

    • Non-Saudi Real Estate Ownership:
    • The Council of Ministers approved an updated system for non-Saudis to own real estate on June 8, 2025.
    • This aims to enhance the real estate sector, attract direct foreign investment, and increase real estate supply.
    • The system also safeguards citizen interests and ensures real estate market balance, permitting non-Saudis to own property in specified geographical areas, particularly Riyadh and Jeddah, with special conditions for Makkah and Madinah.
    • The real estate sector currently contributes 12-14% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The General Real Estate Authority will define these areas and finalize executive regulations within 180 days, with the system expected to take effect in January 2026.
    • Investment Fund Regulations:
    • The Capital Market Authority (CMA) approved enhancements to investment fund regulations, including those for real estate investment funds.
    • These changes aim to boost the efficiency of investment fund management, identify areas for asset development, adopt international best practices, and increase transparency and disclosure for unit holders.
    • Key amendments include allowing electronic money companies to distribute fund units and regulating the voluntary withdrawal of fund managers to ensure a smooth transition of responsibilities.
    • Real estate investment funds are now permitted to invest in real estate development projects without percentage limitations.
    • Public funds can now subscribe to privately placed debt instruments issued by local entities, supporting the growth of the asset management industry.
    • For private and foreign investment funds offered to retail clients, a new rule stipulates that cash subscriptions from retail clients cannot exceed 50% of the fund’s total value.
    • In 2024, the CMA approved 44 new investment funds, and managed assets in investment funds grew to approximately 700 billion Saudi Riyals by the end of 2024, a 25.2% increase from 2023.
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    Saudi Arabia: Oil, Renewables, and Vision 2030 Diversification

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s financial sector is intrinsically linked to its position as a major global player in the oil and gas industry, but it is also undergoing significant diversification as part of Vision 2030.

    Here’s a discussion of the financial sector in the context of Oil and Gas:

    • Saudi Arabia’s Approach to Energy Transition:
    • The Kingdom is at the forefront of nations adopting a balanced and realistic approach to energy transition, actively implementing projects rather than just discussing them.
    • Energy transition is viewed not as a threat but as an opportunity for economic growth, investment, and innovation, aiming for Saudi Arabia to be a global role model.
    • The successful transition path must be flexible, realistic, data-driven, and technologically advanced, accepting all energy sources without compromising economic growth or affordability.
    • The Ministry of Energy acknowledges that the world is rapidly changing; for instance, hydrogen and critical minerals were minor issues during the 2016 Paris Agreement, but now AI and data centers are key drivers of energy demand.
    • Emphasis is placed on cooperation and integration to address global energy challenges.
    • Investments in Renewable Energy:
    • As part of its diversification efforts and balanced energy approach, Saudi Arabia has signed agreements for seven new renewable energy projects.
    • These projects, encompassing solar and wind power, have a total capacity of 15,000 megawatts and involve investments totaling 31 billion Saudi Riyals (8.3 billion US dollars).
    • The projects are part of the National Renewable Energy Program, overseen by the Ministry of Energy.
    • Partnerships include a consortium led by ACWA Power, with participation from Badeel (a Public Investment Fund subsidiary) and Aramco Power (a Saudi Aramco subsidiary).
    • Specific solar projects mentioned are in Bisha, Al Humayj, and Afif, with capacities ranging from 2000 MW to 3000 MW and low Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Wind projects include Sidarah (2000 MW) and Shaqra (1000 MW).
    • This large-scale signing confirms the Kingdom’s leading position globally in developing renewable energy infrastructure.
    • Saudi Arabia’s Role in Global Oil Markets and OPEC+:
    • Saudi Arabia maintains its full commitment to its voluntary share within the OPEC+ production agreements.
    • Despite brief production exceedances due to geopolitical tensions, any additional quantities are managed as precautionary measures to enhance local inventories and redistribute stocks, rather than being marketed.
    • The Kingdom submits its production and supply data to the OPEC Secretariat monthly with full transparency.
    • OPEC serves as a vital platform for dialogue amidst current global challenges, emphasizing energy security, affordability, and accessibility.
    • The world’s growing population (projected 10 billion) and rising energy demand (25% by 2050) mean that oil and gas will remain essential components of the energy mix, particularly for transportation and heavy industries.
    • The issue of energy poverty, affecting an estimated 1.2 billion people (potentially two to three times more), is highlighted as an ethical and humanitarian duty that necessitates finding solutions.
    • Oil Production and Exports Data (2025 Outlook):
    • Crude oil deliveries in June reached 9.352 million barrels per day, in line with OPEC+ agreements.
    • Saudi crude oil exports to China are projected to increase to their highest level in over two years in August 2025, with Aramco expected to ship around 51 million barrels (1.65 million barrels per day). This marks an increase of approximately 4 million barrels over July and is the highest volume since April 2023.
    • This reflects the renewed strength of Saudi-Chinese energy relations, with China remaining the largest importer of Saudi oil.
    • The increase in supplies to China follows the OPEC+ agreement to boost production by 548,000 bpd in August, partially offsetting previous voluntary cuts.
    • The rise in demand from Chinese refiners, including Sinopec, is partly due to the completion of maintenance and the operation of new refining and petrochemical complexes.
    • However, Saudi oil export revenues in April 2025 fell by 21% year-on-year to $16.5 billion, the lowest in nearly four years, primarily due to declining global oil prices and concerns about weak economic growth and oversupply. Total Saudi goods exports decreased by 10.9% in April 2025, largely driven by a 21.2% drop in oil exports.
    • OPEC has also lowered its global oil demand forecast for 2026-2029 due to slowing Chinese demand.
    • The global oil supply is expected to increase by 2.1 million barrels per day in 2024 and 1.3 million barrels per day in 2025, indicating a potential market surplus. Market uncertainty is fueled by geopolitical tensions, sanctions, and US tariffs.
    • Economic Diversification under Vision 2030:
    • Saudi Arabia’s economic strength is historically supported by vast oil revenues, but Vision 2030 aims to diversify income sources.
    • This diversification is being pursued through mega-projects like NEOM, the Red Sea Project, and Qiddiya, which attract global investments in various sectors including tourism, renewable energy, technology, and logistics.

    Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Cultural Transformation and Growth

    Saudi Arabia’s approach to cultural development is deeply integrated into its broader national transformation strategy, Vision 2030, aiming to diversify the economy and enhance the quality of life for its citizens, residents, and visitors. This involves significant investments in infrastructure, digital transformation, and human capabilities to foster a vibrant cultural ecosystem.

    Vision 2030 as a Driving Force The Kingdom views cultural development not merely as an amenity but as an opportunity for economic growth, investment, and innovation, aiming to be a global role model. Vision 2030 underpins all cultural development efforts, seeking to diversify income sources away from traditional oil revenues.

    Mega-Projects and Cultural Hubs A key strategy involves the development of mega-projects like NEOM, the Red Sea Project, Qiddiya, and Jeddah Central. These initiatives attract global investments in diverse sectors, including tourism, renewable energy, technology, and logistics, transforming the Kingdom into a global hub that also offers new cultural and entertainment experiences. These projects are designed to meet the demands of a growing population and enhance the overall quality of life.

    Digital Transformation in Culture Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in digitizing its cultural and knowledge assets:

    • Saudi Digital Library (SDL): Established in 2010 under the Ministry of Education, the SDL has become the largest academic hub for digital content in the Arab world. It boasts over 600 million knowledge sources, including 690,000 digital books, 160,000 scientific journals, 9 million research papers, 5 million university theses, and over 7 million multimedia items. The SDL serves governmental and private universities, as well as scholarship students and general education members, and has notably improved Saudi Arabia’s global ranking in scientific output.
    • New Digital Platforms: The Authority of Libraries launched a Digital Books Platform in 2025, providing free electronic and audiobooks to the public. Additionally, self-service book kiosks like “Manawil” and audio kiosks like “Masmoo” have been introduced in public spaces in cities such as Riyadh, Khobar, and Jeddah to facilitate access to books.
    • Heritage Digitization: Major institutions like the King Fahd National Library and the King Abdulaziz Public Library play crucial roles in digitizing Saudi and Arab heritage, including manuscripts and old publications, making them accessible digitally.
    • Goals: These digital initiatives are aimed at building a knowledge-based society and fostering a sustainable digital economy, aligning with Vision 2030’s broader objectives.

    Promotion of Arts and Heritage The Kingdom is actively promoting various forms of art and preserving its rich heritage:

    • Performing Arts: The Saudi Authority for Theater and Performing Arts participated in the Avignon Festival in France in 2025, showcasing four traditional performing arts (Al-Liwa, Al-Khubeiti, Al-Khutwa, and Wadi Al-Dawasir folk dance). The play “Toq,” produced by the “Starlight” program (a support initiative for local theatrical productions), also participated and won an award at the Riyadh Theater Festival in 2024. There’s also an emphasis on re-activating school theater.
    • Visual Arts: The Saudi Society for Culture and Arts branch in Baha is executing a mural project reflecting the region’s cultural and visual identity, incorporating heritage motifs and agricultural terraces. This aligns with Vision 2030’s goals to enhance national cultural identity and preserve heritage.
    • Literary Arts: The Saudi Society for Culture and Arts in Jazan organized a literary evening titled “Al-Nagat,” celebrating human experience and highlighting the importance of reading and dictation for writers. This event is part of broader efforts to promote literary culture across the Kingdom. The Ministry of Culture is also focused on supporting Saudi authors, poets, and translators.
    • Historical Studies: The King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (Darah) is actively involved in highlighting historical studies and documents related to the Saudi state, providing reliable historical references that underscore the significance of historical documents in shaping the modern Saudi state.
    • Museums: The Ministry of Culture’s annual report emphasizes the development of museums and the National Museum, with efforts to integrate modern archaeological discoveries and streamline the independence of cultural bodies.

    Tourism and Entertainment Cultural development is closely linked with the booming tourism and entertainment sectors:

    • Growth: Saudi Arabia has achieved the first global rank in the growth of international tourist revenues during the first quarter of 2025 compared to 2019.
    • Major Events: Jeddah Season 2025 is launching extensive summer activities under the slogan “Jeddah is different,” integrating entertainment, culture, and tourism in key locations. Activities include spectacular drone shows, water sports, art shows, and a shopping festival. The “Ithra” (King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture) in Dhahran launched a children’s festival, “What If?”, focusing on learning, creativity, and play, with diverse activities like book exhibitions, interactive art spaces, and workshops. It featured international participation and discussions on children’s literature, promoting reading and critical thinking.
    • Economic Impact: These events aim to stimulate investment, boost tourism, and enhance quality of life. The hosting of cultural and entertainment activities in commercial complexes during summer, for example, combines tourism, recreation, and economic objectives by increasing shopper traffic and sales.

    Human Capital Development Investing in human capabilities is fundamental to cultural development:

    • Programs aimed at empowering youth and women are crucial, as youth constitute over 60% of the Saudi population.
    • The “Human Capabilities Development Program” for 2024 has notably supported around 40 emerging companies in collaboration with international universities like Stanford and Berkeley. It has also developed entrepreneurial skills for over 11,000 students.
    • Initiatives like Princess Noura University’s launch of professional certificates across diverse fields (design, production, sales, management, project management, specialized languages) contribute to enhancing students’ professional readiness and competitiveness, which is vital for the growth of cultural and creative industries.
    • The Society for Culture and Arts in Dammam offers summer training workshops in various artistic disciplines, including Arabic calligraphy, photography, creative writing, and filmmaking, aiming to develop creative skills and cultural awareness among participants. These efforts underscore the Kingdom’s commitment to building a skilled workforce that can contribute to the creative economy.

    Ultimately, Saudi Arabia’s cultural development is a multifaceted endeavor, reflecting its commitment to becoming a global leader and a vibrant society in line with Vision 2030.

    Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Holistic Social Welfare and Cultural Flourishing

    Saudi Arabia’s approach to social welfare is comprehensively integrated into its Vision 2030 national transformation strategy, aiming to foster a vibrant society and enhance the quality of life for all its citizens and residents. This commitment extends beyond basic provisions, encompassing economic opportunities, robust healthcare, human capital development, cultural enrichment, and sustainable living environments.

    Here’s a breakdown of Saudi Arabia’s cultural development efforts contributing to social welfare:

    • Holistic Vision for Quality of Life
    • Vision 2030 serves as the primary driver, aiming to build a vibrant society where citizens enjoy a decent and happy life. It underpins all development efforts, shifting the focus towards creating a diverse, effective, and competitive environment that supports the national economy and enhances quality of life.
    • The Kingdom emphasizes investing in human capital as fundamental to development, with programs designed to empower youth and women, who constitute over 60% of the Saudi population. This strategic investment recognizes that nations are measured by their ability to build their people, transforming individuals from mere statistics into active agents of change.
    • Health and Well-being Initiatives
    • Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in universal health coverage, with nearly 100% of citizens having basic health expenditure coverage and 95.9% of all residents covered by mid-2024.
    • The 2025 budget allocates 201 billion riyals for health and social development, including plans for opening five new hospitals with 963 additional beds and enhancing emergency services.
    • Digital transformation in healthcare is a strong focus, with the adoption of e-Health Records (20.5% usage) and internet usage for health information (24.3%). Virtual consultation platforms like Babylon and Nala Health are also being utilized.
    • Specific initiatives like “Summer with Health” in Najran aim to raise awareness about early detection of chronic diseases, provide more efficient health services, and expand community participation to achieve national health goals. The Shura Council has also called for strengthening mental health support services and creating a unified national framework for accrediting health centers.
    • Efforts extend to specialized medical advancements, such as funding research into autism subtypes to develop more precise and targeted treatments.
    • Human Capital Development and Economic Empowerment
    • The “Human Capabilities Development Program” for 2024 has significantly contributed to preparing citizens for the future labor market. It has supported around 40 emerging companies in collaboration with international universities like Stanford and Berkeley and developed entrepreneurial skills for over 11,000 university students.
    • Educational initiatives include updating infrastructure, developing curricula, establishing independent schools, and supporting teachers. The “Irtiqaa” initiative involves families in the educational process, and the “Usar” program enables productive families to operate school canteens providing healthy meals.
    • Princess Nourah University, for example, offers professional certificates across diverse fields to enhance students’ professional readiness and competitiveness in the job market.
    • The financial sector development program for 2024 has notably seen an increase in Fintech companies to 261, creating over 11,000 direct jobs in the sector. It has also committed to financial literacy for society members, with over 52,000 trainees in 2024.
    • The “Kafalah” program has guaranteed financing exceeding 107.2 billion riyals for small and medium enterprises, supporting their growth and contribution to the national GDP.
    • Cultural and Community Well-being
    • Saudi Arabia fosters a rich cultural ecosystem through various programs and events. The Saudi Digital Library (SDL), the largest academic hub for digital content in the Arab world, offers over 600 million knowledge sources freely, promoting reading and knowledge-based society. Other digital platforms like “Manawil” self-service book kiosks and “Masmoo” audio kiosks provide easy access to books in public spaces.
    • The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) launched “What If?”, a children’s festival focusing on learning, creativity, and play, with interactive art spaces and book exhibitions to promote reading and critical thinking.
    • The Saudi Authority for Theater and Performing Arts is actively involved in promoting traditional arts and reactivating school theater, even showcasing Saudi performing arts at international festivals like Avignon.
    • The Saudi Society for Culture and Arts organizes summer training workshops in various artistic disciplines (calligraphy, photography, creative writing, filmmaking) to develop creative skills and cultural awareness. Mural projects like the “Al-Baha Mural” reflect regional identity and heritage.
    • Mega-projects such as NEOM, the Red Sea Project, and Qiddiya are designed to offer new cultural and entertainment experiences, attracting global investments and enhancing the overall quality of life. Events like “Jeddah Season 2025” integrate entertainment, culture, and tourism, generating economic activity and improving resident and visitor experiences. Commercial complexes also host cultural and entertainment activities to provide comfortable spaces for families during summer.
    • Environmental and Housing Initiatives
    • Efforts to combat desertification and enhance vegetation cover, such as those by the Imam Turki bin Abdullah Royal Reserve, contribute to environmental and health security, which directly impacts public welfare.
    • The National Water Company is implementing 15 water and sanitation projects in the Al-Baha region to ensure water security and enhance service coverage, critical for public health and quality of life.
    • Housing programs are focused on providing adequate housing for citizens, with a goal to achieve 70% home ownership by 2030 through various initiatives like Sakani and Developmental Housing. Recent legislative changes also allow non-Saudis to own real estate in specific areas, increasing market supply and stimulating investment.
    • Investments in infrastructure like roads also directly contribute to enhancing urban appearance and quality of life.

    In essence, Saudi Arabia’s cultural development is intertwined with its broader social welfare goals, reflecting a commitment to create a flourishing society that provides diverse opportunities and a high quality of life for all.

    Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Regional Diplomacy and Global Influence

    Saudi Arabia employs a balanced and proactive approach to regional diplomacy, aiming to foster stability, resolve conflicts, and enhance cooperation across various sectors. This strategy is deeply embedded within the Kingdom’s overarching Vision 2030, which seeks to build a vibrant society and a thriving economy, recognizing that regional stability is crucial for these goals.

    Here’s a detailed discussion of Saudi Arabia’s regional diplomatic efforts:

    • Addressing the Palestinian Issue and Regional Stability:
    • Saudi Arabia, in a joint initiative with France, has been a key player in re-presenting the Palestinian issue on the international stage, particularly at the UN New York conference. This move comes at a critical time of unprecedented regional tension, emphasizing the urgent need for a political path to restore balance and encourage dialogue.
    • The Kingdom’s participation underscores its firm stance on the inherent rights of the Palestinian people, including their right to establish an independent state. The Saudi-French effort aims to initiate a comprehensive vision for the Palestinian issue, treating it not merely as a temporary humanitarian crisis but as a political file requiring sustainable solutions based on international references and a realistic approach to the situation in Gaza.
    • This diplomatic push gains additional momentum from the increasing Arab consensus around peaceful solutions and collective action. Saudi Arabia is highlighted as a central player capable of building bridges between various capitals and a partner in shaping future visions, relying on conviction rather than pressure. Riyadh, alongside Washington, continues its calm and effective policy, playing a crucial role in resuming the political track and preventing further escalation of regional tension.
    • The ongoing conflict in Gaza and the complex negotiations for a ceasefire and prisoner exchange further illustrate the need for robust regional diplomacy. Reports indicate that Israel’s conditions for military control over significant parts of Gaza have complicated negotiations, even leading to a potential breakdown. The Palestinian Foreign Ministry has strongly condemned ongoing aggression and called for an immediate cessation of hostilities, sustained humanitarian aid, and a political solution based on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as the capital, emphasizing that a two-state solution is the only way to achieve justice.
    • Energy Diplomacy and Global Cooperation:
    • Saudi Arabia maintains a leading role in global energy transformation, consistently adopting a balanced approach. The Kingdom doesn’t just discuss transformation; it implements tangible projects that contribute to both national and global objectives, ensuring that energy transition is not seen as a threat but as an opportunity for economic development and investment.
    • The Saudi Energy Minister emphasized the importance of dialogue in a world in dire need of it, particularly amid current challenges. He stressed the necessity for increased cooperation and integration rather than division, stating that no country can afford to wait until energy is depleted.
    • The Kingdom’s commitment to OPEC+ agreements is unwavering, with its oil supply strategies actively seeking to reclaim market share, especially in China, amidst competition from other major producers like Russia and Iran. This involves flexible pricing strategies and long-term supply agreements. Saudi Arabia is actively defending its role as a reliable partner in energy transformation, particularly for major economies.
    • Broader Foreign Policy and International Engagement:
    • Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy is founded on principles of balance and non-interference, resolving disputes through dialogue while preserving its Islamic and Arab identity. The Kingdom has emerged as a stabilizing force in a turbulent region, actively participating in security and defense alliances to combat terrorism and enhance regional stability.
    • The Kingdom leverages its political and diplomatic influence derived from its internal stability and leadership in the Islamic world, serving as a political and religious reference for over a billion Muslims.
    • Saudi Arabia has strengthened bilateral relations with most global nations, including major powers like the United States, China, Russia, and the European Union. It consistently hosts major international conferences and forums, demonstrating its commitment to dialogue and global cooperation, and enhancing its leadership role within organizations like the Islamic Cooperation Organization and the United Nations.
    • Beyond the Middle East, the sources also highlight broader diplomatic engagements, such as the resumption of defense cooperation between France and Australia, following a significant agreement crisis. This demonstrates the interconnectedness of global diplomatic efforts, even beyond Saudi Arabia’s immediate regional concerns.

    In summary, Saudi Arabia’s regional diplomacy is characterized by its active pursuit of peaceful resolutions, its dedication to regional stability through dialogue and cooperation, and its strategic engagement in global energy markets. These efforts are fundamental to achieving the ambitious goals outlined in Vision 2030, transforming the Kingdom into a pivotal global player.

    Saudi Insights: Politics, Economy, and Culture

    Here are the titles of all columns written in this newspaper and their first two paragraphs of detail:

    كلـمة As international files crowd the table, the New York conference stands out this month as one of the most important political stations, by a joint invitation from the Kingdom and the French Republic, to re-present the Palestinian issue within a new international context. This move comes at a delicate time, as the region witnesses unprecedented levels of tension, and there is an urgent need for a political path that restores balance and gives parties a chance to return to the dialogue table.

    What is striking about this conference is not just that it is a diplomatic event, but rather an attempt to reshape the political axis between the two states, after years of stalemate and erosion of trust. Through this role and with the tools of dialogue, the Kingdom confirms its strong support for regional stability, which is consistent with its firm positions on the inherent rights of the Palestinian people, especially their right to establish their independent state.

    المقال: 35 مليونًا.. ترسم خريطة وطن It is not merely a number, but the pulse of a nation. When the population of the Kingdom reached 35.3 million by mid-2024, that moment was a deep reflection on the path of a state that not only counts its children but also builds a future that accommodates their aspirations and keeps pace with their accelerating pace.

    In these numbers lies a new Saudi narrative, a narrative that speaks of a structural transformation in society, economy, and infrastructure, and how the state did not leave this population growth to impose itself, but rather confronted it with plans written in the language of the future.

    وزير الطاقة: طريق تحّول قطاع الطاقة يجب أن يكون مرنًا وواقعيًا His Royal Highness Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Minister of Energy, affirmed that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has always been at the forefront of nations adopting a balanced approach to energy transition. It does not merely talk about transformation; it implements tangible projects that contribute to both national and global objectives, ensuring that energy transition is not seen as a threat but as an opportunity for economic development and investment.

    He stated in his opening speech at the ninth international symposium of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Vienna on Thursday: “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been steadfast in its message, in implementing its policies, and in applying them on the ground. If you believe in an idea, you must implement it, and if you implement it, you must implement it correctly. And if you fail in your plans and do not succeed, you must review, temporarily stop, and then proceed with the plans.”

    المقال: الواليات المتحدة وبريتون وودز جديدة In a previous article, I mentioned that the United States is experimenting with making the world pay its expenses and finance its activities by printing uncovered dollars. These dollars are being thrown into half the world’s markets, if not more, to buy everything the United States needs from other countries. This not only leads to inflation within the United States but also to its financial and trade deficit.

    To confront this deteriorating situation, the United States resorted to raising customs duties in the recent period to correct the imbalances it suffers from in its trade and financial balance. These duties are expected to collect revenues that could reach 300 billion dollars this year alone. According to estimates by the Congressional Budget Office, this means that over the next ten years, the United States may collect duties amounting to approximately 2.8 trillion dollars. Some, especially in Africa, consider this to be clear extortion and plunder, as Bloomberg indicated.

    المقال: »صورة بال صوت«.. أزمة إعالمنا في الكيف! In a time when major powers contend for influence through tanks and armies, the information, rather than just conveying data, has become one of the most important and dangerous tools of “soft power,” especially screens and platforms. This is because today’s media does not merely convey information; it creates impressions, directs opinion, and reshapes facts according to the interests of those who own the microphone and the camera.

    With this new equation, some countries – including major ones with significant political and economic weight – find themselves in a dilemma: quantity does not create influence, and expansion does not mean power. We own dozens of channels, websites, and accounts, but how many of them penetrate Western public opinion? How many are cited in research centers? And how many are hosted on discussion tables at “CNN” or “BBC” or “Le Monde” during times of crisis?

    رزانا البنوي: من المهمات ربط »وقت الشاشة« بالفنون With the approach of summer and children spending longer hours outside school, the importance of finding recreational activities and experiences that enhance family bonding and contribute to their psychological and social growth increases. In this context, we interviewed Professor Razana Al-Banawi, a human relations expert, to help us understand the recreational and cultural content within the small society and how digital platforms and satellite channels support families during this summer period. So, to the interview: * How can parents benefit from the long summer vacation to enhance family bonding?

    • Summer is truly a golden opportunity for simple yet profound family experiences, such as watching a documentary film and discussing it later, or communal cooking, or simply exchanging conversations about daily parental events instead of battling digital devices. This era provides an opportunity to use content smartly to create memories and human and educational experiences, without depriving children of screen enjoyment or neglecting the values of real life.

    المقال: الفن مقصدًا عالميًا.. قراءة في ظاهرة التجمهر الثقافي I wandered through the Louvre, looking not only at the timeless works of art but also at another phenomenon no less astonishing: the crowds. I don’t know exactly how many visitors the Louvre receives, but I can confidently say it’s hundreds of thousands daily; an unbearable crush at some moments, yet it’s a meaningful crush—a line of beauty. The Mona Lisa.

    This cultural gathering is a deeply rooted human phenomenon. What drives people of different nationalities, cultures, and ages to stand for hours just to take a quick photo with the “Mona Lisa,” a painting that has lived for centuries, turning it into a transient tourist destination beyond the boundaries of art? Do we come to museums to see, or to be seen? Are we witnesses to its creation, or partners in it by documenting the moment of our encounter with it?

    المقال: »إسرائيل« تشترط سيطرة عسكرية على نحو 40 % من مساحة القطاع Amidst intense aerial and artillery bombardments targeting various areas of the Gaza Strip, medical sources in Gaza hospitals announced the martyrdom of 145 Palestinians in the past 24 hours, including 34 civilians who were waiting for humanitarian aid.

    The attacks resulted in the destruction of dozens of homes and the alteration of entire neighborhoods, and the humanitarian crisis worsened unprecedentedly amidst the continued military operations.

    المقال: القيادة تهنئ رئيس الجبل الأسود بذكرى بلاده The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, sent a congratulatory cable to His Excellency President Jakov Milatović, President of Montenegro, on the occasion of his country’s National Day. The King expressed his sincerest congratulations and best wishes for good health and happiness to His Excellency, and for continued progress and prosperity to the friendly people and government of Montenegro.

    His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, also sent a congratulatory cable to His Excellency President Jakov Milatović, President of Montenegro, on the occasion of his country’s National Day. His Royal Highness the Crown Prince expressed his sincerest congratulations and best wishes for abundant health and happiness to His Excellency, and for more progress and prosperity to the friendly people and government of Montenegro.

    المقال: »جامعة نايف الأمنية« تحصد اعتمادًا فرنسيًا في عدة برامج Naif Arab University for Security Sciences obtained full accreditation from the French High Council for Evaluation of Research and Higher Education for five years, for its Master’s programs in Criminal Research and Sciences, Master of Criminology, and Higher Diploma in Human Rights and Criminal Justice. His Excellency the President of the University, Dr. Abdulmajeed Al-Bunyan, stated that the university’s achievement of this accreditation is the fruit of continuous efforts to develop the academic performance of the university in accordance with the best standards of quality and excellence. The university works to offer academic programs that enhance Arab and judicial security capabilities to face current and future challenges, through the design and implementation of advanced academic programs of priority.

    He affirmed that the university’s acquisition of French accreditation enhances its steps towards leadership in preparing Arab leaders and experts in security and legal fields, in a manner that achieves the aspirations of Their Royal Highnesses and Excellencies the Arab Ministers of Interior, Arab security institutions, and the strategic objectives of the university.

    المقال: سورية تسيطر على معظم حرائق الغابات The Syrian Civil Defense announced on Sunday that it has brought under control most of the forest fires that erupted in the west of the country ten days ago, while continuing to work on cooling some remaining hotspots scattered in the mountains to prevent the fires from spreading again. The Civil Defense reported on its Facebook page yesterday that “with the cessation of fire spread and control over fire hotspots on all axes (…) the teams on site continue cooling operations for all areas that witnessed the outbreak of fires on Saturday… in addition to monitoring and surveillance operations for areas in case of fire rekindling”.

    Coinciding with a heatwave that has swept the region since early July 2025, massive fires erupted in forest areas in western Syria. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in Latakia, Syria, stated that the fires affected approximately 100 square kilometers of forests and agricultural lands.

    المقال: بوتين يحث طهران على قبول اتفاق نووي يشمل “صفر تخصيب” Iran announced its readiness to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in a “new format”, while reaffirming its commitment to a diplomatic solution to disputes related to its nuclear program. The Iranian Foreign Minister, Abbas Araghchi, told foreign diplomats in Tehran that “our cooperation with the IAEA has not stopped, but it will take a new form”, adding that the Agency’s requests will be “considered on a case-by-case basis… with consideration for safety and security”.

    Araghchi’s statements come after Israeli and American airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities during the unprecedented war that erupted after an Israeli attack on the Islamic Republic and lasted from June 12 to 24. Iran blames the IAEA for partial responsibility for the airstrikes on its nuclear facilities and officially suspended all forms of cooperation with the Agency early July after the parliament approved a law to that effect.

    المقال: ترمب يفرض رسومًا بـ30 % على المكسيك و»الأوروبي« US President Donald Trump announced his intention to impose 30% tariffs on Mexico and the European Union, in additional pressure to push for trade agreements with two of the largest US partners. Trump said in separate messages published on his social media platform Truth Social that the tariffs will take effect on August 1st, citing Mexico’s role in the flow of drugs into the United States and the trade imbalance with the European Union. Both parties quickly condemned the new tariffs, with the EU warning that they could disrupt supply chains, but expressing its readiness to continue working with Washington on an agreement. Mexico, for its part, described the tariffs as an “unfair agreement,” but its president, Claudia Sheinbaum, expressed confidence in “reaching an agreement” with the United States on customs tariffs.

    Since his return to the US presidency in January, Trump has imposed tariffs on his country’s trading partners, the latest of which has raised fears of a deterioration in the global economy and financial markets. However, his administration faces pressure to conclude agreements with partners after promising to reach a large number of them for the United States.

    المقال: استئناف التعاون الدفاعي بين فرنسا وأستراليا The French Ambassador to Australia affirmed that Franco-Australian defense cooperation has “resumed” after a crisis resulting from Canberra’s cancellation of a massive submarine purchase contract in 2021. Ambassador Pierre André Imbert told Agence France-Presse that defense and security “now constitute essential pillars of our cooperation,” describing the partnership as “excellent,” especially since French forces have participated in major military exercises with the Australian army in the region.

    This “re-establishment” of trust began since the election of the current Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in 2022, who belongs to the Labor Party. Trust between Paris and Canberra collapsed when the previous conservative Australian government suddenly canceled a 90 billion Australian dollar (56 billion euro) submarine purchase agreement in September 2021, as it failed to obtain American or British nuclear-powered submarines.

    المقال: “تقنيات الشاشات”.. الهيمنة الصينية تهدد أمن واشنطن القومي Display screen technologies are considered one of the essential components in many vital industries, and this global market is witnessing increasing Chinese influence, which highlights major transformations in supply chains. Mark Montgomery, a researcher and director of the Cyber and Innovation Program at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, and Craig Singleton, a researcher and former director of the China Program at the same institution, stated in a report published in National Interest magazine that China’s dominance in display screen technologies poses a serious threat to national security, which necessitates urgent action from the United States to secure supply chains.

    Last month, American energy experts revealed the presence of hidden cellular transmission devices inside Chinese solar power converters, which are vital components that connect solar panels and batteries to the electrical grid. These devices can bypass installed protection systems, which likely grants China a “kill switch” capable of disrupting parts of the American energy infrastructure.

    المقال: بيونغ يانغ تدعم موسكو في حرب أوكرانيا North Korean leader Kim Jong Un affirmed his full support for Moscow regarding the war in Ukraine during his reception of Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, according to state media early on Sunday. Lavrov’s visit is the latest in a series of high-level Russian official visits to both countries, aimed at deepening political and military relations amidst Russia’s offensive in Ukraine. Moscow and Pyongyang have strengthened their military cooperation in recent years, and North Korea has sent thousands of soldiers to participate in repelling Kyiv’s forces from Russia’s Kursk region, and has also supplied the Russian army with weapons including artillery shells and missiles.

    The Korean Central News Agency reported that Kim and Lavrov met on Saturday in “an atmosphere filled with comradely trust”. The Russian Foreign Ministry published a video clip showing them shaking hands, and said that the talks were held in Wonsan city on the country’s eastern coast, where a massive resort was recently opened.

    المقال: »المكتبات الرقمية«.. نقلة معرفية تعزز رؤية المملكة The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has achieved a qualitative leap in the field of digital libraries, becoming a comprehensive knowledge center serving researchers, students, and the general public alike, amidst rapid technological developments. The Saudi Digital Library (SDL), launched by the Libraries Authority, is at the forefront of these efforts, along with other digital platforms, to enhance access to knowledge and achieve the goals of Vision 2030.

    Established in 2010 under the supervision of the Ministry of Education, the Saudi Digital Library is now the largest academic aggregator for digital content in the Arab world. The library contains over 600 million knowledge resources, including 690,000 digital books, 160,000 peer-reviewed scientific journals, 9 million research papers, 5 million university theses, and over 7 million multimedia items.

    المقال: »الشورى«: قرارات وشيكة للحد من الممارسات الاحتكارية The Shura Council begins its 39th ordinary session, scheduled to be held today, by listening to the viewpoint of the Culture, Tourism, and Sports Committee regarding observations and opinions of its members on the draft Sports Law, and then votes on its approval. During this session, the annual performance reports of the Ministries of Health, Investment, and Industry Authority will be discussed, in addition to reports from the Mineral Wealth Fund, the Sports Path Foundation, the Statistics Authority, and University Education.

    The Shura Council will also vote today on recommendations from the Health Committee regarding the National Center for Mental Health, recommendations from the Trade and Investment Committee regarding the General Authority for Competition, and recommendations from the Culture, Tourism, and Sports Committee regarding the Ministry of Culture’s report for the fiscal year 1445-1446.

    المقال: تقييد تملك العقارات يضمن تقنين التأثيرات على مشروعات إسكان المواطن In its session held on Tuesday, June 8, 2025, chaired by His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister – may Allah protect him – the Council of Ministers approved the amended system for non-Saudis owning real estate. This decision was met with great acceptance in both the public and private real estate sectors and received significant attention from various segments of society in the Kingdom. A number of economists and real estate officials emphasized the feasibility of this decision and its anticipated role in increasing investments in various cities and economic regions, as well as strengthening the real estate sector in the Kingdom and attracting direct foreign investment to increase real estate supply.

    The widespread positive interaction and engagement witnessed during the discussion of the decision by citizens across various platforms and social media sites in the Kingdom demonstrated the public’s welcoming of this decision, which seeks to add more control to the market and achieve real estate balance, and allows non-Saudis to own property within specific geographical areas.

    المقال: »تطوير القطاع المالي«.. إنجازات 2024 تعزز الرؤية وتؤسس لمستقبل اقتصادي مرن The year 2024 witnessed significant milestones in the journey of the Financial Sector Development Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, reflecting the commitment of the relevant authorities to achieve the goals of Vision 2030, which aims to build a flexible, diversified, and effective financial sector that supports the national economy and enhances its competitiveness regionally and internationally. The program’s annual report documented the most prominent achievements made in this year, characterized by institutional integration, innovation, technological acceleration, and enhanced inclusivity in the financial sector, in addition to legislative and regulatory reforms.

    The institutional reform was the gateway to efforts in 2024, as the regulatory authorities for the financial sector worked to update regulations and laws to keep pace with global changes, enhance the efficiency of local markets, and adopt flexible policies that preserve stability and support growth. The focus was also on raising the quality of financial services, protecting the rights of investors and consumers, and enabling modern technologies. The year witnessed the adoption of new regulations to facilitate the issuance of sukuk and bonds, and the activation of supporting financing systems.

    المقال: يوم السكان العالمي.. رفاهية وعيش كريم The Kingdom participates with the world in celebrating World Population Day on July 11th of each year. This occasion aims to raise awareness about population-related issues, their relationship with the environment and development, following a recommendation from the United Nations Development Programme Management Council in 1989. The celebration is held globally focusing on population, especially given the continuous increase in the world’s population.

    Demography, the science of population, represents a branch of planning sciences, human geography, and sociology. It is based on a scientific study of population characteristics through monitoring many economic, social, and demographic phenomena, including population size, density, growth rates (births and deaths), spatial distribution, migration rates, economic and social conditions, income levels, ages, and gender.

    المقال: رؤية 2030 تعزز الإنتاجية وترتقي بالخدمات المقدمة للمواطن والمقيم The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is today considered one of the most prominent regional countries and one of the most influential powers in the international arena, not only because of its economic strength and the wealth it possesses, but also because of its unique geographical location. It is also due to its political and diplomatic weight, and its social, cultural, and environmental components, as well as the deliberate policies and initiatives it adopts, which reflect its position as a major player on regional and international stages. It can be said that the Kingdom represents the strongest ally from several aspects: economically, geographically, politically, and diplomatically. As a strategic ally, it stands out as a strong partner for those who choose to cooperate with it in various fields.

    The Kingdom possesses one of the strongest economies in the Middle East and the world, occupying an advanced position among the G20. The Saudi economy is considered the most stable in the region, supported by massive oil revenues that have made the Kingdom one of the largest oil producers in the world. However, Vision 2030, led by His Royal Highness the Crown Prince – may Allah protect him – has brought about a qualitative shift in focusing on diversifying sources of income.

    المقال: »سوبرمان« هل تاه بين مساعدة الناس أو إنقاذ المنتج؟ The superhero Superman has always aimed to save the world from the clutches of evil and secrets, but in the latest installment of the films centered around him, he faces a difficult mission: saving the DC Studios cinematic universe.

    The film “Superman,” directed by James Gunn, which began its screenings this week in cinemas across the world, is an attempt to revive the DC Universe of superheroes adapted from DC Comics, including “Wonder Woman,” “Batman,” and “Batwoman”.

    المقال: القدرات البشرية 2024.. الركيزة الاستراتيجية لبناء الإنسان السعودي In a world characterized by rapid changes and intense competition, the future of a nation cannot be built without investing in its people. This is what the Kingdom realized when it set out the “Human Capabilities Development Program” as one of the pillars of its ambitious Vision 2030. This program does not stop at simply educating individuals; rather, it prepares and refines them for the future, equipping them with skills, and connecting them to their national identity and values.

    The program focused on three strategic axes: preparing citizens for the future labor market, developing skills, and strengthening national values and identity. The report shows that the program not only met its targets but exceeded many of them, clearly demonstrating a far-reaching impact on the quality of education, training, and vocational rehabilitation, opening up horizons for the youth of the nation, both male and female.

    المقال: الحوكمة في الأندية السعودية: من الامتثال إلى الاستدامة In light of the major institutional transformation witnessed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as part of Vision 2030, governance has become an essential element in developing the sports sector and ensuring its sustainability.

    Clubs are no longer managed by individual efforts; rather, they have become institutional entities that require effective systems, high transparency, and strict controls.

    المقال: تألق الهلال Al Hilal Club, the champion of the Saudi League, exited the FIFA Club World Cup, despite a great performance after successfully reaching the Round of 16. In this round, they impressively outperformed major international clubs, such as former world champion Manchester City.

    Through this participation, Al Hilal successfully achieved significant financial gains, exceeding 34 million dollars (128 million Saudi riyals). This reflected a bright image for Saudi, Asian, and Arab football, extending beyond the field to media and public relations.

    المقال: سلم الكعبة.. مشاهد العناية الفائقة بأقدس البقاع The ladder of the Holy Kaaba represents a unique piece that has witnessed the washing ceremonies of the Kaaba for 25 years. It has been present in every scene of care for the holiest spot on earth. The General Authority for the Care of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque explained that the ladder, which was brought in 2000, contains 24 batteries that power it. It also has lights at the top for lighting the Kaaba from the inside, in addition to openings for central air conditioning for the Kaaba’s interior, three tanks for air conditioning water, a tank dedicated to washing the Holy Kaaba, and a tank for recycled water.

    The Authority confirmed that it has provided all advanced technologies, including those used to manufacture the Holy Kaaba’s ladder from the finest types of wood, which is teak wood. It is 5.65 meters long, 4.88 centimeters wide, 80 centimeters high, and weighs 6500 kilograms.

    المقال: اكتشاف أنواع فرعية من التوحد مرتبطة بمتغيرات جينية A recent scientific study revealed the existence of four distinct subtypes of autism spectrum disorder, each with a unique genetic signature, paving the way for the development of more precise and targeted treatments. The study was conducted by researchers at the Flatiron Center for Computational Biology in collaboration with other research institutions, and was based on data from the SPARK project, which is considered the largest study ever conducted on autism spectrum disorder.

    The study included genetic and phenotypic data from over 5,000 children and adolescents diagnosed with autism, aged between 4 and 18 years. According to what was published in the journal Nature Genetics, researchers succeeded in identifying four distinct subgroups whose members share similar characteristics. Each group was linked to specific biological processes resulting from distinctive genetic variations. These challenges include autism associated with developmental delays, behavioral challenges, and a broadly affected type.

    المقال: محمية الإمام تركي بن عبدالله.. التزام مستمر في حماية البيئة The Imam Turki bin Abdullah Royal Reserve Development Authority affirmed its continuous commitment to protecting the environment and achieving ecological balance through a series of qualitative projects aimed at enhancing vegetation cover and combating desertification. This contributes to mitigating the effects of sand and dust storms, which are among the most prominent environmental challenges in arid and semi-arid regions. This comes in conjunction with World Day to Combat Desertification and Dust Storms.

    The Authority explained that within its environmental efforts, it succeeded in planting more than 775,000 trees within the reserve as part of environmental rehabilitation and afforestation programs, using local species that are compatible with the soil and climate. These efforts contribute to stabilizing the soil, preventing erosion, and creating a suitable environment for plant growth and the restoration of plant diversity. The Authority also carried out advanced protection work.

    المقال: عين شلال بالعلا.. نبع الوفاء وصبر الإنسان “Ain Shalal” (Shalal Spring) flows continuously with its waters for hundreds of years in the village of Shalal, west of AlUla Governorate. It maintains its role as a fundamental water source that irrigates farms and revives pastures. Its flow constitutes a lifeline for the people of the region, who have depended on it for decades to water their livestock and irrigate their crops, embodying the continuity of natural resources despite changing conditions over the centuries.

    Around the spring, palm groves and fruit trees are scattered, reflecting the human connection to water as an indispensable value in agricultural life. Despite the development of modern irrigation techniques, the locals still adhere to their ancestors’ methods of water distribution, using a precise and equitable system through water channels (saqiyahs and aflaj) and water clocks that regulate irrigation shares and divide water among landowners.

    المقال: موسم جدة 2025.. برنامج ترفيهي متكامل The integrated summer program, part of the Jeddah 2025 season held under the slogan “Jeddah is different,” has launched its activities. It brings together major aspects of entertainment, culture, and tourism in several destinations, including key landmarks and vital facilities in Jeddah. The launch of the Jeddah Season summer program comes within the Kingdom’s efforts to embody Vision 2030, aiming to diversify entertainment options and achieve a high quality of life for citizens, residents, and visitors alike.

    The Jeddah Promenade area on the waterfront witnessed the launch of mesmerizing drone shows, in addition to entertainment shows and roaming characters in interactive atmospheres that provide an attractive visual experience for families and visitors. Meanwhile, diverse and safe experiences, including a dedicated beach, water sports, and activities for women, as well as live artistic performances, were launched. All of these form a comprehensive beach entertainment experience that targets all age groups within a safe and integrated recreational environment.

    المقال: »الدارة« تبرز دراسات ووثائق تاريخية للدولة السعودية The King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (Darah) has contributed to enriching historical studies related to the Saudi State during the reign of King Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (may Allah have mercy on him), providing a reliable historical reference for researchers and interested individuals.

    Studies published in “Darah Journal” by the researcher, Abdul Fattah Hassan Abu Alia, titled “Documents on the History of the Saudi State (1902-1953 AD) in the Era of King Abdulaziz,” highlighted the importance of historical documents in shaping the features of the modern Saudi State’s development. He also showed what he found in documents preserved in international archives and museums, explaining their locations, contents, and scientific value in supporting historical research.

    المقال: »جدارية الباحة«.. بصمة فنية تعكس هويتها التراثية The Saudi Society for Culture and Arts, Baha branch, in cooperation with the Baha Region Municipality and in partnership with a painting company, is implementing a mural to embody the cultural and visual identity of the region.

    The director of the branch, Ali bin Khamis Al-Bayyani, explained that these works are the fruit of coordination and cooperation with several entities, pointing out that Al-Baha is rich in creative individuals among its people who have transformed streets into murals and artistic paintings that reflect its heritage and culture.

    المقال: مسرحية »طوق« وفنون المملكة في مهرجان أفينيون The Saudi Theater and Performing Arts Authority participated in the Avignon Festival in France from July 14-22. This year’s festival, in its seventy-ninth edition, celebrates the Arabic language.

    The Authority’s participation comes with four performing arts performances: “Liwa,” “Khabiti,” “Khatwa,” and “Wadi al-Dawasir.” The play “Tawq” (Collar) is also among the festival’s performances, through which the Authority seeks to highlight and introduce Saudi theater, and provide an opportunity for cultural exchange with the global audience.

    Saudi Progress and Global Engagement

    Here are the headings from the newspaper and their first two paragraphs of detail, drawing on the provided sources:

    • كلـمة
    • While international files crowd the table, the New York conference stands out as one of the most important political stations this month, concerning the re-presentation of the Palestinian issue within a new international context, with a joint invitation from the Kingdom and the French Republic.
    • This move comes at a delicate time, as the region witnesses unprecedented levels of tension, and there is an urgent need for a political path that restores balance and gives the parties room to return to the dialogue table.
    • استثمارات بـ31 مليار ريال في مشروعات للطاقة المتجددة
    • In the presence of His Royal Highness Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Minister of Energy and Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Saudi company for purchasing energy (the main buyer) signed agreements for seven new projects to produce electricity from solar energy and wind energy, with a total capacity of 15000 megawatts.
    • These projects involve investments amounting to 31 billion Saudi riyals (8.3 billion US dollars), as part of the National Renewable Energy Program, which is supervised by the Ministry of Energy.
    • المملكة األولى عالميًا كأعلى وجهة في نمو إيرادات السّياح الدوليين
    • The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ranked first globally as the top tourist destination in terms of international tourist revenue growth during the first quarter of 2025, compared to the similar period in 2019.
    • This is according to the World Tourism Barometer report issued in May 2025 by the United Nations World Tourism Organization.
    • فرصة نيويورك
    • What is striking about this conference is that it is not just a diplomatic event, but an attempt to reshape the political scene after years of stalemate and erosion of trust between the two states in solving the Palestinian issue.
    • Through this role, the Kingdom confirms its strong support for regional stability through dialogue tools, which is consistent with its firm positions on the established rights of the Palestinian people, primarily the right to establish their independent state.
    • المكتبات الرقمية.. نقلة معرفية تعزز رؤية المملكة
    • The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has achieved a qualitative leap in the field of digital libraries, becoming a comprehensive knowledge center serving researchers, students, and the public alike.
    • The Saudi Digital Library (SDL) leads this scene, launched by the Libraries Authority to enhance access to knowledge and achieve the goals of Vision 2030, alongside other digital platforms.
    • تقنيات الشاشات.. الهيمنة الصينية تهدد أمن واشنطن القومي
    • Screen technologies are considered essential components in many vital industries.
    • This global market is witnessing increasing Chinese influence, which highlights major shifts in supply chains.
    • الاصلاح المؤسسي أساس منطلق أعمال منظومة القطاع المالي
    • The year 2024 witnessed prominent milestones in the journey of the financial sector development program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
    • This reflected the commitment of the relevant authorities to achieving the goals of Vision 2030, which aims to build a diversified and effective financial sector that supports the national economy and enhances its regional and international competitiveness.
    • الشورى قرارات وشيكة للحد من الممارسات الاحتكارية
    • The Shura Council begins its 39th ordinary session today by listening to the viewpoint of the Culture, Tourism, and Sports Committee regarding observations and opinions of members on the draft Sports Law.
    • It will then vote on approving the system.
    • فتوح: المدينة الإنسانية المزعومة في غزة معتقل عنصري مغلق
    • Medical sources in Gaza hospitals announced the martyrdom of 145 Palestinians, including 34 civilians who were waiting for humanitarian aid, during the past 24 hours amid violent and artillery air raids targeting various areas of the strip.
    • The attacks resulted in the destruction of dozens of homes and the alteration of entire neighborhoods, while military operations exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in an unprecedented manner.
    • القيادة تهنئ رئيس الجبل الأسود بذكرى بالده
    • The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, sent a congratulatory cable to His Excellency President Jakov Milatović, President of Montenegro, on the occasion of his country’s National Day.
    • The King expressed his sincerest congratulations and best wishes for health and happiness to His Excellency, and for continued progress and prosperity for the friendly government and people of Montenegro.
    • أمير نجران يدشن مبادرة “صّيف بصحة”
    • His Royal Highness Prince Jalawi bin Abdulaziz bin Musaed, Prince of Najran region, inaugurated yesterday in his office the “Summer with Health” initiative.
    • This initiative is implemented by the Najran Health Cluster in the presence of the Cluster’s CEO, Khalid bin Ayed Al-Asiri, and the initiative’s work team.
    • ُمحافظ جدة يلتقي مدير فرع مركز تنمية الغطاء النباتي
    • His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Abdullah bin Jalawi, Governor of Jeddah, received yesterday in his office the Director-General of the National Center for Plant Cover Development and Combating Desertification branch in Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, Eng. Muhammad bin Tariq Madani, accompanied by a number of the center’s leaders.
    • His Highness was briefed during the meeting on the efforts of the National Center for Plant Cover Development in Jeddah governorate and its affiliated centers, as well as the various programs and initiatives it implements in cooperation with several entities and partners.
    • أمير الشرقية يستقبل سفير جورجيا
    • His Royal Highness Prince Saud bin Nayef bin Abdulaziz, Governor of the Eastern Province, received yesterday in his office at the Emirate’s headquarters the Ambassador of the Republic of Georgia to the Kingdom, Nikoloz Revazishvili.
    • His Highness the Governor of the Eastern Province welcomed the Ambassador to the Eastern Province, and during the meeting, friendly discussions were exchanged, and several topics of common interest were discussed.
    • فيصل بن مشعل يتسلم تقرير مزادات الابل وفعاليات يوم التأسيس في ضرية
    • His Royal Highness Prince Dr. Faisal bin Mashal bin Saud, Governor of Al-Qassim region, received yesterday in his office at the Emirate’s headquarters the Governor of Dariyah, Mr. Nader Al-Nader, accompanied by the Head of Dariyah Municipality, Eng. Nasser Al-Fawaz.
    • At the beginning of the meeting, His Highness received the report on camel auctions in Dariyah Governorate for the year 1446 AH, in its eighth edition, which included the most prominent events, sales volume, and the movement witnessed during the organization of this auction.
    • أمير جازان يطلع على جهود المواصفات والمقاييس والجودة
    • His Royal Highness Prince Muhammad bin Abdulaziz bin Muhammad bin Abdulaziz, Governor of Jazan region, received yesterday at his office the Governor of the Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization, Dr. Saad bin Othman Al-Qasabi, and the Deputy Governor for Standards and Metrology, Eng. Abdulaziz bin Omar Al-Quwaiz, and a number of officials from the Authority.
    • During the reception, the Prince of Jazan was briefed on the most prominent efforts and activities of the Authority in enhancing product safety, in addition to reviewing the indicator of compliance of goods and products in Jazan region with Saudi technical regulations and standards, and monitoring them to protect the consumer.
    • مستجدات القطاع الصحي على طاولة نائب أمير حائل
    • His Royal Highness Prince Faisal bin Fahd bin Abdulaziz bin Muqrin, Deputy Governor of Ha’il region, received yesterday in his office the Director-General of the Ministry of Health branch in the region, Sultan bin Nasser Al-Musaeid.
    • During the reception, His Highness was briefed on the latest developments and work progress in the health sector in the region, emphasizing the importance of exerting more efforts to raise the quality of health services and achieve the aspirations of the wise leadership – may God protect them.
    • يوم السكان العالمي.. رفاهية وعيش كريم
    • The Kingdom participates globally in celebrating World Population Day on July 11th of each year.
    • This occasion aims to raise awareness about population issues and their relation to the environment and sustainable development, especially since the world population exceeded five billion in 1989.
    • تقارير أداء أربع وزارات… تحت مجهر “الشورى” قرارات وشيكة للحد من الممارسات الاحتكارية وتفعيل المسرح المدرسي
    • The Shura Council is scheduled to hold its 39th ordinary session today, listening to the viewpoint of the Culture, Sports and Tourism Committee regarding observations and opinions of members on the draft Sports Law, and then voting on its approval.
    • During this session, annual performance reports for the Ministries of Health, Investment, and Industry, the Sports Authority, the Mineral Wealth Fund, and the Statistics Authority, in addition to university education reports, will be discussed.
    • وهيئة الشورى تحيل 10 موضوعات إلى جدول أعمال المجلس
    • The General Authority of the Shura Council held its thirteenth meeting of the first year of the ninth session yesterday in Riyadh, chaired by His Excellency Dr. Mishaal bin Fahm Al-Sulami, Deputy Speaker of the Shura Council.
    • The meeting was attended by Her Excellency Dr. Hanan bint Abdul Rahim Al-Ahmadi, Assistant Speaker of the Shura Council, and Mr. Muhammad bin Matar Al-Mutairi, Secretary-General of the Council, and heads of specialized committees, to consider the topics on its agenda.
    • الملك سلمان للاإغاثة يواصل مشروعاته اإلنسانية في الدول الشقيقة
    • King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center launched the “Women’s Protection and Community Development” project in Aden governorate, in cooperation with the United Nations.
    • The project aims to provide protection, psychological and social support services, case management, and extraction of identification documents for displaced women and girls and survivors of gender-based violence in Aden and Taiz governorates, targeting about 18,000 women directly.
    • جامعة نايف األمنية تحصد اعتمادًا فرنسيًا في عدة برامج
    • Naif Arab University for Security Sciences obtained full French accreditation for five years from the High Council for Evaluation of Research and Higher Education in France, for its Master’s programs in Criminal Research and Sciences, Criminology, and the Higher Diploma in Human Rights and Criminal Justice.
    • His Excellency the University President, Dr. Abdulmajeed Al-Bunyan, explained that the university’s achievement of accreditation is the fruit of continuous efforts to develop academic performance according to the best standards of quality and excellence.
    • جامعة الملك خالد تبدأ برامجها الصيفية
    • King Khalid University, represented by the Deanship of Student Affairs and the Training and Student Exchange Unit, launched this year’s summer training program for 2025.
    • This program targets male and female students from various academic colleges and specializations, as part of its endeavor to provide a training environment that enhances their practical efficiency and their ability to apply their academic knowledge in real-world fields.
    • منشآت ينظم يوما إثرائيا لرواد الأعمال بالمدينة
    • Monsha’at Support Center in Madinah Al-Munawwarah organizes on Monday an enrichment day titled “The Idea Path,” which combines advisory sessions and knowledge meetings.
    • This aims to support owners of pioneering ideas and help them develop projects capable of growth and sustainability.
    • جامعة الأميرة نورة تدشن حزمًا من الشهادات المهنية الاحترافية
    • The Student and Professional Support Center at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University launched a package of professional certification programs for the university’s female students and graduates.
    • This is part of the “Tumouhna” (Our Ambition) initiative, which aims to support female students and graduates in their professional careers, enhance their readiness to obtain internationally accredited professional certificates, and grant them a sustainable competitive advantage in the labor market.
    • توقيع عقد صيانة شوارع الفوارة بأربعة مالين ريال
    • The Mayor of Al-Fawara Municipality, Eng. Eid Al-Eid, signed a contract for the implementation of a street maintenance project in Al-Fawara Center with an estimated cost of nearly four million riyals.
    • This project includes maintaining roads covering an area of more than 200,000 square meters.
    • المياه الوطنية تبدأ 15 مشروعًا مائيًا في الباحة
    • The National Water Company announced that it has begun implementing 15 water and sanitation projects in Al-Baha region in the southern sector.
    • These projects include the implementation of networks with lengths exceeding 534 linear kilometers, at a total cost exceeding 591 million riyals.
    • الأمن السيبراني تطلق برنامًجا تدريبًيا لحديثي التخرج
    • The National Cybersecurity Authority launched the “Cybersecurity Training Program for Recent Graduates” in its second edition.
    • This program aims to qualify specialized graduates in the field of cybersecurity by providing them with the necessary skills and knowledge to enable them to work in the field.
    • رؤية 2030 تعزز الإنتاجية وترتقي بالخدمات المقدمة للمواطن والمقيم
    • The major institutional transformation witnessed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030 has made governance an essential element in developing the sports sector and ensuring its sustainability.
    • Clubs are no longer managed by individual efforts, but have become institutional entities that require effective systems, high transparency, and strict controls.
    • اثراء يمتع الصغار بفعاليات متنوعة.. وحرارة الطقس تزيد اإلقبال على الموالت
    • The organizing bodies for summer activities in the Eastern Province opted for cultural, training, dialogue, and workshop options to raise the level of proficiency in some new programs on smart devices and the development of artificial intelligence, in addition to developing talents and fostering their passion in hobbies such as reading, writing, acting, drawing, photography, music, and much more.
    • King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) launched the children’s festival for the first time, under the slogan “What if?”, which is the most prominent event aimed at children of different ages, combining creativity, learning, and play, and exploring the world through seasonal eyes, in an interactive environment that develops their abilities and nourishes their imagination.
    • موسم جدة 2025.. برنامج ترفيهي متكامل
    • The activities of the integrated summer program for Jeddah Season 2025, held under the slogan “Jeddah is Different,” have launched in several destinations.
    • These activities combine entertainment, culture, and tourism in major landmarks and vital facilities in Jeddah.
    • 35 مليونًا.. ترسم خريطة وطن
    • The General Authority for Statistics announced that the population of the Kingdom reached 35.3 million by mid-2024.
    • This moment was a profound reflection point in the nation’s journey, as it not only counted its citizens but also outlined a future that accommodates their growing numbers and keeps pace with their accelerating rhythm.
    • المملكة في طليعة العالم بتبني نهج للتحّول في الطاقة مرنا وواقعيا
    • His Royal Highness Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Minister of Energy, affirmed that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has always been at the forefront of countries adopting a balanced approach to energy transition.
    • It does not just talk about transition but implements actual projects that contribute to achieving national and global goals.
    • التكنولوجيا والتسويق الذكي أدوات نمو “الضيافة والترفيه”
    • A specialist in the hospitality and entertainment sector emphasized the great support provided by the wise leadership – may God protect them – to male and female entrepreneurs in all sectors, especially the hospitality and entertainment sector.
    • This sector is witnessing huge and promising investment opportunities, thanks to the massive entertainment programs, events, and conferences launched and hosted by the Kingdom under Vision 2030.
    • المملكة تشحن 51 مليون برميل من النفط للصين في أغسطس
    • Trade sources reported that Saudi crude oil exports to China are expected to rise to their highest level in over two years in August.
    • This comes as the world’s largest oil exporter seeks to regain market share in the world’s largest importer.
    • مستثمرو النفط يتطلعون لمواصلة المكاسب برغم ضبابية الأسواق عوامل تربك توقعات الطلب بين ارتفاع المخزون وزيادة الإنتاج
    • Oil markets have been disrupted by events and various influential factors, from geopolitical developments and continuous sanctions and attacks on ships in the Red Sea, to escalating trade wars waged by US President Donald Trump, represented by new customs duties on imports from many developed and developing countries.
    • This also includes the consequences of rising US oil inventories due to declining demand, increased OPEC+ production, and fears of oversupply.
    • نوتانيكس تطلق حل Cloud Native AOS لتوسيع نطاق خدمات Kubernetes التخزين المؤسسية وإدارة البيانات لتشمل بيئات
    • Nutanix, a leading company in hybrid cloud computing, announced the launch of its new solution, Cloud Native AOS.
    • This solution extends enterprise storage and data management services to include Kubernetes, public cloud computing platforms (Hyperscalers), and bare-metal environments, without the need for a virtualized operating system (Hypervisor).
    • تقييد تملك العقارات يضمن تقنين التأثيرات على مشروعات إسكان المواطن
    • According to the Council of Ministers meeting held on Tuesday, June 8, 2025, chaired by His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Ministers – may God protect him – the amended system for non-Saudi property ownership has received great acceptance in the public and private real estate sectors.
    • This decision has generated significant interest among various segments of society in the Kingdom, as it highlights the feasibility of this decision and its expected role in increasing investments in different cities and economic regions in the Kingdom.
    • الواليات المتحدة وبريتون وودز جديدة
    • As mentioned in a previous article, the United States tries to cover its expenses and finance its activities by printing uncovered dollars.
    • These dollars are thrown into more than half of the world’s markets, leading not only to inflation in the United States but also in other countries.
    • السماح للصناديق العامة باالكتتاب بأدوات الدين المطروحة داخل المملكة 25 % حد أعلى لنسبة مجموع استثمارات “صناديق السوق” في جهة واحدة
    • The Capital Market Authority announced the approval of a package of improvements to develop the regulatory environment for investment funds in the Kingdom.
    • This was done by making amendments to the Investment Funds Regulations, Real Estate Investment Funds Regulations, and the list of terms used in the Capital Market Authority’s regulations and rules.
    • تطوير القطاع المالي.. إنجازات 2024 تعزز الرؤية وتؤسس لمستقبل اقتصادي مرن
    • The year 2024 witnessed prominent milestones in the journey of the financial sector development program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
    • This reflected the commitment of the relevant authorities to achieving the goals of Vision 2030, which aims to build a diversified and effective financial sector that supports the national economy and enhances its regional and international competitiveness.
    • غزة: مجازر متواصلة.. غارات مكثفة ومفاوضات متعثرة
    • Amidst violent and artillery air raids targeting various areas of the strip, medical sources in Gaza hospitals announced the martyrdom of 145 Palestinians during the past 24 hours, including 34 civilians who were waiting for humanitarian aid.
    • The attacks resulted in the destruction of dozens of homes and the alteration of entire neighborhoods, while military operations exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in an unprecedented manner.
    • سورية تسيطر على معظم حرائق الغابات
    • The Syrian Civil Defense announced on Sunday that most of the wildfires that have erupted in western Syria over the past ten days have been brought under control.
    • They continue to work on cooling some remaining hotspots scattered in the mountains to prevent the fires from reigniting.
    • اإيران: شكل جديد للتعاون مع الوكالة الدولية بوتين يحث طهران على قبول اتفاق نووي يشمل “صفر تخصيب”
    • Iran announced its readiness to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency in a “new form,” while reaffirming its commitment to a diplomatic solution to disputes related to its nuclear program.
    • Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi stated before foreign diplomats in Tehran that “our cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency has not stopped, but it will take a new form”.
    • ترمب يفرض رسومًا بـ30 % على المكسيك و”الأوروبي”
    • US President Donald Trump announced that he intends to impose 30% tariffs on Mexico and the European Union, in additional pressure to push for agreements with two of the largest US trading partners.
    • In separate messages published on his social media platform, Truth Social, Trump indicated that the tariffs will come into effect on August 1st.
    • استئناف التعاون الدفاعي بين فرنسا وأستراليا
    • The French ambassador to Australia confirmed that the French-Australian defense cooperation has “resumed” after a crisis resulting from Canberra’s cancellation of a huge French submarine purchase contract in 2021.
    • Ambassador Jean-Pierre Thébault said that defense and security now “constitute primary pillars of our cooperation,” describing it as a “very good” partnership, especially since French forces participated in major exercises with the Australian army in the region.
    • بيونغ يانغ تدعم موسكو في حرب أوكرانيا
    • North Korean leader Kim Jong Un affirmed his full support for Moscow regarding the war in Ukraine during his reception of Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, as announced by official media early Sunday.
    • Lavrov’s visit is the latest in a series of high-level visits by Russian officials to both countries as part of efforts to deepen military and political relations amid the ongoing Russian offensive in Ukraine.
    • النايات.. أمسية أدبية في جازان
    • In its ongoing efforts to enhance the cultural movement across various regions of the Kingdom, the Professional Literary Society, through its ambassadors in Jazan region, organized a literary evening titled “Al-Nayyat,” in cooperation with Heela Literary Cafe, on Friday evening.
    • The meeting celebrated the sincere human experience and the deep word, featuring the well-known writer and storyteller Mohammed Al-Riyani.
    • الدارة تبرز دراسات ووثائق تاريخية للدولة السعودية
    • King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (Al-Darah) contributed to enriching historical studies related to the Saudi state during the reign of King Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud – may God have mercy on him.
    • This provides a reliable historical reference for researchers and enthusiasts.
    • جدارية الباحة.. بصمة فنية تعكس هويتها التراثية
    • The Saudi Arabian Society for Culture and Arts branch in Al-Baha region, in cooperation with the Al-Baha Municipality and in partnership with a painting company, is implementing a mural.
    • This aims to embody the cultural and visual identity of the region.
    • مسرحية طوق وفنون المملكة في مهرجان أفينيون
    • The Saudi Theater and Performing Arts Authority participated in the Avignon Festival in France from July 14-22, in its 79th edition.
    • The festival celebrates the Arabic language this year.
    • موسم جدة يعلن إطالق فعاليات الصيف
    • Jeddah’s sky was adorned with dazzling drone and light shows that captivated eyes in an enchanting visual spectacle held yesterday at “Jeddah Art Promenade”.
    • Colors and effects harmonized to form three-dimensional artistic paintings that added a magical and unforgettable character to Jeddah’s summer nights.
    • هل تاه سوبرمان بين مساعدة الناس أو إنقاذ المنتج؟
    • The superhero Superman, protagonist of comic strips, has always aimed to save the world from villains.
    • However, in the latest installment of films centered around him, he faces a difficult mission: saving his cinematic series’ producer, DC Studios.
    • صورة بال صوت.. أزمة إعالمنا في الكيف!
    • In a time when major powers are contending for influence, not through armies and tanks, but through the most important tools of “soft power” such as media.
    • Media today does not merely convey information; it is even more important and dangerous, as it creates impressions, guides opinion, and reshapes facts according to the interests of those who own the microphone and camera.
    • رزانا البنوي: من المهمات ربط “وقت الشاشة” بالفنون التحدي الأكبر يكمن في الانجراف خلف استهالك المحتوى دون وعي
    • With the approaching summer season and children spending longer time outside of school, the importance of finding entertainment activities and experiences that enhance family interaction and contribute to their psychological and social development increases.
    • In this context, we interviewed Ms. Razana Al-Banawi, a human relations expert, to help us understand the entertainment and cultural content within the community, and how social media platforms and satellite channels support families during this summer period.
    • الوضوح وفهم المتلقي يوصالن الشعر مراده
    • How many poems did their poets think they had excelled in and achieved distinction, selecting the most magnificent expressions and the best of words, only to find that their poem was not understood, its meaning did not reach, and its saying did not cross.
    • The opposite is true for spontaneous verses whose effect comes from a passing moment, not intended by the poet to reach what they do, but their acceptance and persistence in the memory of the recipient is due to their clarity and sincerity.
    • ديوان جمع تكسيرمن آخر الإصدارات
    • The “Jam’ Takseer” collection of poems by poet Yahya Al-Muharriq was published by “Mufradat Publishing House”.
    • This is the poet’s first sentimental poetry collection and includes most of his well-known sentimental poems.
    • سيارتي غطيت سطحك مع قزازك من حر يْستهدف مناطقك الضعيفه
    • This seems to be a poem title or a section title for short poetic contributions. The lines following are poetic verses.
    • “My car, I covered your roof and glass, from heat targeting your weak spots”.
    • المملكة الحليف الأقوى
    • The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is today considered one of the most prominent regional countries and one of the most influential powers in the international arena.
    • This is not only because of its economic strength and oil wealth, but also due to its geographical location, its political and diplomatic weight, and its social and cultural components, and the well-thought-out policies and initiatives it adopts.
    • القدرات البشرية 2024.. الركيزة الاستراتيجية لبناء الإنسان السعودي
    • In a world where changes accelerate and competition intensifies, no nation can rise except by building its people first.
    • This is what the Kingdom realized when it set the “Human Capabilities Development Program” as one of the pillars of its ambitious Vision 2030, to be a comprehensive program that does not stop at educating individuals, but rather prepares them for the future, equips them with skills, and connects them to their national identity and values.
    • الفن مقصدًا عالميًا.. قراءة في ظاهرة التجمهر الثقافي
    • I wandered through the Louvre around four o’clock, finding myself not just looking at the eternal artworks, but contemplating another phenomenon no less astonishing: the crowds.
    • How many visitors? I can almost confirm that the Louvre receives hundreds of thousands daily; an unbearable crowd at times, but it is a meaningful crowd, a crowd sighing in awe of beauty.
    • فيرمينو يرتدي قميص السد
    • Brazilian star Roberto Firmino is preparing to bid farewell to Al-Ahli fans and move to Al-Sadd of Qatar in a deal estimated by media outlets at around seven million euros.
    • Firmino joined Al-Ahli after his experience with Liverpool, where he led Al-Ahli to win the Asian Champions League Elite title, the club’s first Asian title.
    • الاتحاد يدخل معسكر إسبانيا
    • The Al-Ittihad first football team (league and cup champions) departed this Monday morning for Girona, Spain, to begin the first phase of their preparatory camp for the upcoming season, which will last until August 8.
    • The preparations will begin with a comprehensive training program aimed at raising the physical and technical readiness of the players.
    • ميشيل يجهز الشبان في معسكر القادسية
    • Al-Qadsiah’s first football team continues its daily training today, on the fourth day of its preparatory camp currently held in Holland.
    • This is amidst an enthusiastic atmosphere and high discipline from the players, as part of the team’s serious preparations for the new season’s kick-off.
    • تشيلسي يصعق سان جيرمان بثالثية ويتوج بطالا للعالم
    • Cole Palmer scored two goals and assisted another, leading his English team Chelsea to engrave its name in gold in the history of the FIFA Club World Cup.
    • They were crowned champions of the first edition of the tournament under its new system, with 32 participating teams, after defeating Paris Saint-Germain of France 3-0 late Sunday evening in the final match of the tournament hosted by the United States.
    • الاتفاق يعلن ضم “جوهرة الأولاد”
    • Al-Ettifaq Club announced on Sunday the official signing of South African winger Mohau Nkota, coming from Orlando Pirates.
    • Nkota is scheduled to be registered in the youth category, as he is 20 years old.
    • أخضر السلة يتأهل إلى النهائيات الآسيوية
    • The Saudi national youth basketball team qualified for the Asian finals after defeating their Kuwaiti counterpart 73-50 in the match held in Isa Town, the capital of the Kingdom of Bahrain.
    • Thus, the Green basketball team ranks second in the Gulf Championship for youth, accompanying their Bahraini counterpart to the Asian Championship finals, which Bahrain won.
    • ثالث ألعاب جديدة في كأس العالم للرياضات الإلكترونية
    • The second edition of the Esports World Cup 2025, currently held at Boulevard Riyadh City, witnessed the prominent appearance of three (3) games in the esports scene for the first time.
    • These are: Chess, Valorant, and Fatal Fury, confirming the Kingdom’s position as a global hub for esports and expanding the horizons of competition among players worldwide.
    • الزعيم والمشاركة العالمية
    • The leader of half the Earth, the true global leader and runner-up of the Club World Cup, and holder of the strongest global experience and participation, concluded its strong, historic, honorable, and significant participation in the Club World Cup 2025 in its twenty-first and first updated edition.
    • This edition was held for the first time in a completely different and expanded manner compared to previous condensed editions.
    • الحوكمة في الأندية السعودية: من الامتثال إلى الاستدامة
    • The major institutional transformation witnessed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030 has made governance an essential element in developing the sports sector and ensuring its sustainability.
    • Clubs are no longer managed by individual efforts, but have become institutional entities that require effective systems, high transparency, and strict controls.
    • المنتخب لن يتوقف
    • The Saudi national football team’s first team is awaiting a major participation in the upcoming World Cup qualifiers, after which the qualified teams will automatically join the qualified teams for the playoff, which is no less difficult than those who qualified directly.
    • The truth is that the situation has become more difficult, and we cannot say that qualifying has become easy; rather, the mission has become more challenging.
    • تألق الهلال
    • Al-Hilal Saudi Club exited the Club World Cup, despite a great performance, after successfully reaching the Round of 16.
    • In this round, they remarkably outperformed global clubs like former world champion Manchester City.
    • سلم الكعبة.. مشاهد العناية الفائقة بأقدس البقاع
    • The Kaaba ladder, a unique and honorable piece, witnessed the Kaaba washing ceremonies for 25 years.
    • It remained present in every scene of care for the holiest spot on earth.
    • اكتشاف أنواع فرعية من التوحد مرتبطة بمتغيرات جينية
    • A recent scientific study revealed the existence of four distinct subtypes of autism, each with a unique genetic signature.
    • This paves the way for developing more precise and targeted treatments.
    • محمية الإمام تركي بن عبدالله.. التزام مستمر في حماية البيئة
    • The Imam Turki bin Abdullah Royal Reserve Development Authority affirmed its continuous commitment to environmental protection and achieving ecological balance through a series of qualitative projects.
    • These projects aim to enhance plant cover and limit desertification, contributing to mitigating the effects of sand and dust storms, which are among the most prominent environmental challenges in arid and semi-arid regions.
    • عين شلال بالعلا.. نبع الوفاء وصبر الإنسان
    • “Ain Shalal” flows continuously with its waters for hundreds of years in Shalal village, west of AlUla governorate.
    • Maintaining its role as an essential water source that irrigates farms and revitalizes pastures, its flow forms a lifeline for the people of the region, who have relied on it for decades to water their livestock and irrigate their crops, thus embodying the persistence of natural resources despite changing conditions over the centuries.
    • قصر علياء.. شاهد تاريخيّ على طرق الحج
    • Alya Palace stands as a towering historical witness in Rabigh governorate, southwest of Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, 18 km north of Miqat Al-Juhfah and 5 km from Al-Juhfah itself.
    • It is one of the ancient trade and Hajj routes that connected Makkah Al-Mukarramah with Madinah Al-Munawwarah.

    Download PDF Newspaper

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    Download PDF Newspaper in Arabic Language : Al-Riyadh Newspaper, July 14, 2025

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog

  • Complete English Grammar Rules

    Complete English Grammar Rules

    This grammar guide offers an extensive overview of English language components, covering everything from nouns—including concrete, abstract, predicate, and compound forms—to various types of verbs like transitive, intransitive, auxiliary, and phrasal verbs. It explores adjectives and their order, distinguishing between attributive, predicative, collective, and demonstrative uses, while also explaining the roles of adverbs in modifying other parts of speech and forming comparative or superlative structures. The text also clarifies the proper use of pronouns, prepositions in various phrases, and conjunctions for linking clauses, providing a foundational understanding of sentence construction, including simple, complex, and compound forms, and differentiating between active and passive voice.

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    The Renaming Power of Predicate Nouns

    Predicate nouns, also sometimes referred to as predicative nouns, are nouns that follow linking verbs and serve a specific grammatical function: they rename or re-identify the subject of a sentence or clause.

    Here are the key aspects of predicate nouns:

    • Location and Verb Type:
    • Predicate nouns always appear after a linking verb.
    • The most common linking verb is “to be” (e.g., “is,” “was,” “are,” “seem,” “appears,” “become”). Unlike action verbs, linking verbs describe a state of being rather than an action.
    • Even though they describe the subject, they are dependent on the linking verb and are considered part of the predicate.
    • Function and Form:
    • Predicate nouns are a subset of subject complements. A subject complement is information that follows a linking verb to describe, identify, or rename the subject of the clause.
    • If the noun acting as a predicate noun is accompanied by modifiers, such as articles, adjectives, or prepositional phrases, the entire noun phrase functions predicatively.
    • Noun clauses can also serve as predicate nouns, functioning grammatically like nouns to rename or re-identify the subject.
    • Examples:
    • “Love is a virtue.” (Here, “a virtue” renames the subject “Love” after the linking verb “is”.)
    • “Tommy seems like a real bully.” (“a real bully” renames “Tommy” after the linking verb “seems”.)
    • “Maybe this is a blessing in disguise.” (“a blessing in disguise” renames “this” after the linking verb “is”.)
    • “She is a bully.” (“a bully” renames “She” after “is”.)
    • “They are a lost cause.” (“a lost cause” renames “They” after “are”.)
    • “I have been a mess lately.” (“a mess” renames “I” after “have been”.)
    • “Japan is where I want to go most.” (The noun clause “where I want to go most” acts as the predicate noun, renaming “Japan”.)
    • “The thing I wish for most is that people would all just get along.” (The noun clause “that people would all just get along” is the predicate noun, renaming “the thing I wish for most”.)
    • “Politicians are who create the laws.” (The noun clause “who create the laws” acts as the predicate noun, renaming “Politicians”.)

    In essence, predicate nouns clarify or specify what the subject is, but they do so through the mediating action of a linking verb, distinguishing them from nouns that directly perform the action of a verb as a subject.

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    The Many Forms of English Verbs

    Verbs are fundamental components of English sentences, serving to describe actions, processes, conditions, or states of being of people or things. They are essential, as every sentence must include at least one verb and they form the root of the predicate. Verbs are subject to conjugation, which refers to the process of changing their form to reflect specific meanings, such as tense, aspect, mood, voice, and person.

    Here are the various types of verbs as described in the sources:

    • Finite and Non-finite Verbs
    • When discussing verbs’ role in the predicate, they are fundamentally divided into finite and non-finite verbs.
    • Finite verbs are verbs that have subjects and indicate grammatical tense, person, and number. They describe the action of a person, place, or thing in the sentence and do not require another verb to be grammatically correct. Examples include “I swim every day” or “The lion is the king of the jungle”. Finite verbs are crucial because sentences need a finite verb to be complete; without one, a sentence would be disjointed and fail to express a full action. Finite verbs are typically in their base form (infinitive without “to”), past tense form, or third-person singular form. Modal auxiliary verbs are always finite.
    • Non-finite verbs do not express a direct relationship with the subject and do not have tenses or subjects they correspond to. Instead, they are usually infinitives, gerunds, or participles. Non-finite verbs often require a finite verb to make a complete sentence.
    • Infinitives: These are the most basic construction of a verb, typically the uninflected base form of the verb plus the particle “to” (e.g., “to run,” “to be”). Infinitives do not actually function as verbs in a clause; instead, they can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs to express an action as a concept. For example, “To err is human” uses “to err” as the subject (a noun function).
    • Participles: Words formed from verbs that can function as adjectives or gerunds, or be used to form continuous and perfect tenses.
    • Present Participle: The “-ing” form of a verb (e.g., “singing,” “running”). This form is always the same, regardless of whether the verb is regular or irregular.
    • Past Participle: Usually the same as a verb’s simple past tense form (ending in “-d” or “-ed” for regular verbs) but can be irregular (e.g., “worked,” “seen”). Past participles are used with the auxiliary “have” to form perfect tenses and can also function as adjectives.
    • Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
    • Every verb is classified as either transitive or intransitive.
    • Transitive verbs describe an action that happens to someone or something, known as the direct object of the verb. They “take one or more objects”. For example, in “He’s reading a book,” “book” is the direct object. Transitive verbs can also take indirect objects, which are the people or things receiving the direct object.
    • Monotransitive verbs are transitive verbs that only take one direct object. Most verbs fall into this category.
    • Ditransitive verbs take two objects: a direct object and an indirect object. The indirect object typically receives or benefits from the action as a result of the direct object.
    • “Tritransitive” verbs are an unofficial third type that takes (or seems to take) three objects, where the third “object” is usually a prepositional phrase or clause.
    • Intransitive verbs do not have objects; their action is not happening to anyone or anything. For example, in “Our dog ran away,” there is no object receiving the action.
    • “Ambitransitive Verbs”: Some action verbs can be both transitive and intransitive depending on the context or information the speaker wishes to include. For example, “She eats before going to work” (intransitive) vs. “She eats breakfast before going to work” (transitive).
    • Regular and Irregular Verbs
    • All English verbs are either regular or irregular.
    • Regular verbs form their past simple tense and past participle by adding “-d” or “-ed” to their base form. Their past tense and past participle forms are identical.
    • Irregular verbs have different forms for their past simple tense and past participle that do not adhere to a distinct or predictable pattern. These forms must be memorized individually (e.g., “sing,” “sang,” “sung”). The verb “be” is highly irregular, with eight different conjugations.
    • Auxiliary Verbs (Helping Verbs)
    • Auxiliary verbs are used to add functional meaning to other “main” verbs in a clause. They create different tenses, form negatives, ask questions, or add emphasis, but they do not have semantic meaning on their own.
    • Primary Auxiliary Verbs: These are “be,” “do,” and “have”. They are the most common auxiliaries and can also be used as main verbs. They conjugate to reflect plurality, tense, or aspect.
    • Modal Auxiliary Verbs (Modal Verbs): These include “can,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “shall,” “should,” “must,” “may,” and “might”. They express modality—possibility, likelihood, ability, permission, obligation, or future intention. Modals are unique because they cannot conjugate into different forms and are always followed by a main verb in its base form.
    • Semi-Modal Auxiliary Verbs (Semi-Modal Verbs, Marginal Modal Verbs): These verbs sometimes behave like modal auxiliaries but do not share all their characteristics. They include “ought to,” “used to,” “need,” and “dare”. “Dare” and “need” can also function as main verbs.
    • Action Verbs (Dynamic Verbs)
    • These verbs describe an active process that results in an effect. They show what the subject is “doing”. Examples include “run,” “walk,” “write,” or “sing”. Action verbs can convey nuances about how an action is performed (e.g., “collapsed” vs. “sat”).
    • Stative Verbs (State Verbs, Non-continuous Verbs, Non-progressive Verbs)
    • In contrast to action verbs, stative verbs describe states of being or conditions of a subject. They are usually unable to be used in continuous or progressive forms because they describe static conditions.
    • Categories of stative verbs include linking verbs (like “be” and verbs of the senses), and verbs that express emotions, possession, cognition, and general states or qualities. Examples are “I am hungry,” “She likes old movies,” “They own three cars,” or “I understand the issue”.
    • Linking Verbs (Copulas, Copular Verbs)
    • A subset of stative verbs, linking verbs are used to describe the state of being of the subject of a clause. They connect the subject to an adjective, noun, noun phrase, or pronoun (collectively called subject complements) that describes or renames it, without expressing any action.
    • The verb “to be” is the most common linking verb. Other linking verbs include “seem,” “feel,” “sound,” “appear,” “taste,” and verbs of progression like “become,” “get,” “grow,” “prove,” “remain,” and “turn”.
    • To identify if a verb is functioning as a linking verb, one can check if the predicate describes the subject, or try replacing the verb with “be” to see if the sentence still makes sense.
    • Light Verbs (Delexical Verbs, Thin Verbs, Semantically Weak Verbs, Empty Verbs)
    • Light verbs do not carry unique meaning on their own; instead, they rely on another word or words that follow them (usually a noun or noun phrase) to become meaningful.
    • Common examples include “do,” “have,” “make,” “get,” and “take”. For instance, in “I took a shower,” “took” gains its specific meaning from “shower”. Light verbs can have different meanings depending on the word they are paired with. Unlike auxiliary verbs, which work with other verbs, light verbs primarily get their meaning from nouns.
    • Phrasal Verbs
    • Phrasal verbs are verb phrases that have idiomatic meanings—their meaning is not obvious from the individual words that make up the phrase. They consist of a verb + a preposition or an adverbial particle.
    • Examples include “take up” (occupy space) or “give up” (stop trying). They are distinct from prepositional verbs, which use the literal meaning of the verb.
    • Conditional Verbs
    • These are verb constructions used in conditional sentences, which express something that might happen depending on whether a particular condition is met. The word “if” is commonly used to denote such conditions.
    • Causative Verbs
    • Causative verbs are used to indicate that a subject causes another action to be performed. They require another action to be mentioned, forcing the sentence to have at least one other verb. Examples include “force,” “make,” and “let”. For instance, “They let the light stay on”.
    • Factitive Verbs
    • Factitive verbs are used to indicate the resulting condition or state (object complement) of a direct object caused by the action of the verb. They answer how a person, place, or thing was changed. Examples include “elect,” “appoint,” “make,” and “choose”. For example, “The school appointed Mrs. McMillian principal”. They differ from linking verbs because they show a change in status, category, or characteristic, rather than just adding information about an existing state.
    • Reflexive Verbs
    • These are verbs whose subjects are also their direct objects; the action of the verb is both committed and received by the same person or thing. They are often identified by the use of reflexive pronouns (e.g., “myself,” “herself”) as direct objects. For instance, “I accidentally burned myself”.

    The Essential Guide to English Adverbs

    Adverbs are crucial components of English sentences, serving to modify or describe verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or even entire clauses. They add descriptive meaning and can appear almost anywhere in a sentence, depending on what they modify and how.

    Here’s a comprehensive discussion of adverb usage:

    What Adverbs Modify

    Adverbs provide additional information by answering questions such as when, where, how, why, or to what extent an action occurs.

    • Verbs: “You write beautifully“.
    • Adjectives: “He owns the bright red car”.
    • Other Adverbs: “She ran very quickly”.
    • Entire Clauses: “She looked excited, as if she could jump up and dance at any moment“.

    Formation of Adverbs

    • Regular Adverbs: Most adverbs are formed by adding “-ly” to the end of an adjective. For example, “beautiful” becomes “beautifully”. There are specific spelling adjustments, such as “-ic” changing to “-ically” (e.g., “enthusiastic” to “enthusiastically”) or adjectives ending in “-y” changing to “-ily” (e.g., “happy” to “happily”).
    • Irregular Adverbs: Some adverbs do not follow these standard patterns and often have the same spelling as their adjectival counterparts. Examples include “fast,” “hard,” “late,” and “early”. The adverb form of “good” is “well”.

    Categories of Adverbs

    Adverbs are classified based on the specific kind of description they provide:

    • Adverbs of Time: Describe when or for how long something happens (e.g., now, tomorrow, still, yet). They are often placed at the end of a sentence, or at the beginning for emphasis.
    • Adverbs of Frequency: A subset of adverbs of time that describes how frequently something occurs (e.g., always, usually, sometimes, daily). Indefinite frequency adverbs usually come before the main verb, but after auxiliary verbs or the linking verb “be”.
    • Adverbs of Place: Indicate direction, distance, movement, or position related to a verb’s action (e.g., here, there, north, everywhere, upstairs). They are usually placed after the verb they modify.
    • Adverbs of Manner: Describe how something happens or is done, often formed by adding “-ly” to adjectives (e.g., beautifully, slowly, happily). They typically come after intransitive verbs or after the direct object of transitive verbs.
    • Adverbs of Degree: Indicate the intensity, degree, or extent of the word they modify (e.g., undoubtedly, very, quite, somewhat). They usually appear before the word they describe. These include mitigators (decrease intensity, e.g., slightly, a bit) and intensifiers (increase intensity, e.g., very, incredibly).
    • Adverbs of Purpose (or Reason): Tell why something happens (e.g., therefore, thus, consequently). These are often conjunctive adverbs, prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, or adverbial clauses.
    • Focusing Adverbs: Draw attention to a particular part of a clause, often implying contrast (e.g., also, just, only, especially, mostly, notably). “Too” and “as well” usually take the final position in a clause.
    • Negative Adverbs: Modify meaning in a negative way (e.g., no, not, hardly ever).
    • Conjunctive Adverbs: Connect independent clauses and express a relationship between them (e.g., therefore, nevertheless, likewise).
    • Evaluative Adverbs (or Commenting Adverbs): Express the speaker’s opinion or attitude about something, modifying the entire clause (e.g., clearly, sadly, honestly, fortunately).
    • Viewpoint Adverbs: Indicate whose point of view is being expressed or specify an aspect of something (e.g., personally, scientifically, biologically, in my opinion). They typically appear at the beginning or end of a clause, set off by a comma.
    • Relative Adverbs: Introduce relative clauses that relate to a place, time, or reason (e.g., where, when, why).
    • Adverbial Nouns: Nouns or noun phrases that function grammatically as adverbs, usually specifying time, distance, weight, age, or monetary value (e.g., tomorrow, an hour, five dollars).

    Adverbial Phrases and Clauses

    Adverbs can be single words, phrases, or entire clauses. Phrases and clauses that function as adverbs are collectively called adverbials.

    • Adverbial Phrases: Groups of words functioning as an adverb. These can be:
    • An adverb modified by another adverb (e.g., “very quickly” where “very” intensifies “quickly”).
    • Prepositional Phrases functioning as adverbs (e.g., “at the park” modifying a verb like “playing”). They can describe time, location, manner, or reason.
    • Infinitive Phrases functioning as adverbs, primarily to express purpose or reason (e.g., “to get some lettuce” explaining why someone went to the store).
    • Adverbial Clauses: Dependent clauses that modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs, introduced by subordinating conjunctions. They can express cause, comparison/manner, condition, place, reason, or time.

    Placement of Adverbs

    Adverbs are notably flexible in their sentence placement.

    • General Rule: While adverbs can appear almost anywhere, there’s a “royal order of adverbs” to follow when multiple adverbs describe the same verb: Manner, Place, Frequency, Time, Purpose.
    • Flexibility: Adverbs can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, often for emphasis.
    • Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs: Adverbs of manner usually follow intransitive verbs directly. For transitive verbs, they can come before the verb or after the direct object.
    • Adjectives: Adverbs modifying adjectives always come before the adjective.

    Degrees of Comparison

    Similar to adjectives, adverbs can be inflected (changed in form) to show degrees of comparison:

    • Positive Degree: The basic form of the adverb (e.g., “fast”).
    • Comparative Degree: Compares differences between two actions, usually formed by adding “-er” to one-syllable adverbs (e.g., “faster”) or “more/less” before longer adverbs (e.g., “more carefully”).
    • Superlative Degree: Identifies the highest or lowest degree of an action, usually formed by adding “-est” to one-syllable adverbs (e.g., “fastest”) or “most/least” before longer adverbs (e.g., “most carefully”).
    • Irregular Forms: Some adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms (e.g., “well” becomes “better,” “best”; “badly” becomes “worse,” “worst”).
    • Gradability: Adverbs must be “gradable” (able to move on a scale of intensity) to form comparative and superlative degrees.

    Important Usage Notes

    • “Good” vs. “Well”: “Good” is an adjective, used to describe nouns. “Well” is the adverb derived from “good” and describes how an action is performed. For example, “She sings well” (correct) versus “She sings good” (incorrect). However, “well” can also function as a predicative adjective meaning “healthy”.
    • Adverbials vs. Complements vs. Adjuncts: While “adverbial” is a broad term for any word or group of words functioning as an adverb, it’s important to distinguish between adverbial complements and adjuncts.
    • Adverbial complements are required to complete the meaning of the verb; removing them would make the sentence incomplete or fundamentally alter its meaning (e.g., “The teacher sent Tim home“).
    • Adverbial adjuncts elaborate on or modify the verb but can be removed without altering the grammatical integrity or core meaning of the sentence (e.g., “She walked to the park slowly“).
    • Squinting Modifiers: These are adverbs placed between two words where it’s unclear which word they modify, leading to ambiguity. For example, “The way he sings so often annoys me” could mean he sings frequently or that his frequent singing is annoying. Clarification requires rephrasing.
    • Particles in Phrasal Verbs: Particles, which are often identical in appearance to prepositions, function like adverbs to modify and uniquely expand the meaning of the verbs they are paired with in phrasal verbs. Unlike prepositions, particles do not introduce a prepositional phrase. For example, “ask out” (idiomatic phrasal verb) vs. “ask for” (prepositional verb using literal meaning).

    Understanding these various types and uses of adverbs allows for more precise and effective communication in both speech and writing.

    Understanding Clauses in English Grammar

    Clauses are fundamental grammatical units that always contain both a subject and a predicate. They form the basic building blocks for sentences in English .

    There are two main types of clauses:

    • Independent Clauses
    • Dependent Clauses

    Let’s discuss each type in detail:

    Independent Clauses

    An independent clause, also known as a main clause, is a group of words that forms a complete, independent thought. It does not require anything else to be considered complete and can therefore stand alone as a sentence. A single independent clause constitutes a simple sentence. It contains a subject and a predicate, both of which can have modifiers.

    Examples of independent clauses include:

    • “I refuse.”
    • “The wind blows.”
    • “Dogs bark.”
    • “Bees sting.”
    • “Cats meow.”

    Independent clauses can be joined together to form compound sentences (using coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs, or semicolons) or combined with dependent clauses to form complex sentences.

    Dependent Clauses

    A dependent clause, also called a subordinate clause, relies on information from an independent clause to form a complete, logical thought. As such, it cannot stand on its own as a sentence. Dependent clauses are typically marked by dependent words such as subordinating conjunctions, relative pronouns, or relative adverbs, which link them to independent clauses.

    Examples of dependent clauses include:

    • “Whenever I travel” (introduced by “whenever,” a subordinating conjunction)
    • “whom we met on the plane” (introduced by “whom,” a relative pronoun)
    • “that they like to eat sushi” (introduced by “that”)

    Dependent clauses serve a variety of grammatical functions within a sentence. There are three primary categories of dependent clauses:

    1. Noun Clauses
    2. Relative Clauses (also called Adjective Clauses)
    3. Adverbial Clauses (also called Adverb Clauses)

    1. Noun Clauses

    Noun clauses are dependent clauses that function grammatically like nouns. Because they behave like nouns, they can fulfill all the roles that a regular noun would in a sentence.

    Noun clauses commonly begin with words such as “that,” “how,” “if,” and “wh-” words (e.g., “what,” “where,” “when,” “why,” “who,” “whom,” “whether”). Like all clauses, they contain a subject and a predicate.

    Functions of noun clauses include:

    • Subject of the sentence: “What I decide will determine who gets the promotion”. (“What I decide” is the subject).
    • Direct object of a verb: “I want to see what is available before I make a purchase”.
    • Indirect object of a verb: “I’ll send whoever is responsible a strongly worded letter”.
    • Predicate noun (or subject complement): “The thing I wish for most is that people would all just get along“.
    • Object of a preposition: “This is the man to whom I owe my life“.
    • Adjective complement: “I’m thrilled that you are coming to visit!”.

    A sentence can contain multiple noun clauses functioning in different ways.

    2. Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses)

    Relative clauses, also known as adjective clauses or adjectival clauses, are dependent clauses that provide descriptive information about a noun or noun phrase.

    They are introduced by either a relative pronoun (who, whom, which, whose, that) or a relative adverb (where, when, why). They always appear directly after the noun they modify.

    Relative clauses can be categorized into two types:

    • Restrictive clauses (defining clauses): Provide essential information that identifies the noun being modified. They are not set apart by commas. The relative pronoun “that” and relative adverb “why” can only introduce restrictive clauses.
    • Example: “The book that I wrote is being published in January”.
    • Non-restrictive clauses (non-defining clauses): Provide extra, nonessential information about a noun that is already clearly identified. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. The relative pronoun “which” is normally reserved for non-restrictive clauses describing things or non-domestic animals.
    • Example: “The escaped giraffe, which had been on the loose for weeks, was finally captured”.

    3. Adverbial Clauses (Adverb Clauses)

    An adverbial clause, or adverb clause, functions like a regular adverb to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or sometimes entire clauses.

    Adverbial clauses use subordinating conjunctions to connect to an independent clause. The type of subordinating conjunction indicates the specific function or idea being modified.

    Functions of adverbial clauses, based on the subordinating conjunction, include:

    • Time: “I will arrive when dinner is ready“. (Other conjunctions: whenever, while, before, after, since, until, once).
    • Place: “Grandma and Grandpa want to go where their children live“. (Other conjunctions: wherever, everywhere, anywhere).
    • Reason or Purpose: “I am exhausted because I was working all night“. (Other conjunctions: as, since, so (that), in order that, for fear that, hence, lest).
    • Condition: “If it snows tonight, I’m not going to work tomorrow”. (Other conjunctions: unless, whether or not, in the event, provided).
    • Comparison or Manner: “I work better when I have total privacy“. (Other conjunctions: like, as, as…as, as if, the way, than).
    • Contrast: “Though the sun is out, the wind is very chilly”. (Other conjunctions: although, even though, whereas, even if).

    Clauses and Sentence Structure

    Clauses are the foundation of all sentence structures.

    • A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause.
    • A compound sentence joins two or more independent clauses.
    • A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
    • A compound-complex sentence links a complex sentence to a simple sentence or another complex sentence.

    English Noun Inflection and Declension

    Noun inflection refers to the way nouns are changed in form to create new, specific meanings. In English grammar, the process of inflecting nouns is collectively known as declension. While verbs undergo conjugation, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs undergo declension.

    In modern English, nouns are primarily declined to reflect two main aspects: plurality and, in some cases, gender.

    Plurality

    The most common reason nouns are inflected is to mark plurality, indicating when there is more than one person, place, or thing being discussed.

    • Regular Plurals:
    • The standard method for forming regular plurals is to add “-s” to the end of the noun (e.g., “one boy – two boys,” “one book – two books”).
    • If a noun ends in “-s,” “-x,” “-z,” or a consonant cluster like “-sh,” “-ch,” or “-tch,” we add “-es” (e.g., “one coach – two coaches,” “one box – two boxes,” “one watch – two watches”).
    • When a noun ends in a consonant followed by “-y,” the “y” is changed to “i” and “-es” is added (e.g., “one country – two countries,” “one city – two cities”).
    • Nouns ending in “-ff” or “-ffe” simply add “-s” (e.g., “one cliff – two cliffs”).
    • Irregular Plurals: Many nouns have irregular plural forms that do not follow these standard conventions. These are unique words that must be memorized.
    • Examples include: “person – people/persons” (though “persons” is often reserved for formal or legal contexts), “mouse – mice,” “child – children,” “foot – feet,” “man – men,” “woman – women”.
    • Some nouns maintain the same form for both singular and plural (e.g., “one deer – two deer,” “one fish – two fish,” “one sheep – two sheep”).
    • Certain nouns ending in “-f,” “-fe,” or “-lf” replace these endings with “-ves” (e.g., “one leaf – two leaves,” “one life – two lives”), but there’s no fixed rule, and these must also be memorized.
    • Nouns borrowed from Latin or Greek may retain their original plural forms (e.g., “fungus – fungi,” “criterion – criteria,” “thesis – theses”), though some may also have shifted to more conventional English plural forms (e.g., “index – indices/indexes,” “cactus – cacti/cactuses”).
    • Uncountable Nouns: Uncountable nouns (also known as mass nouns or non-count nouns), which refer to things that cannot be divided or counted as individual elements (like “water,” “furniture,” “love,” “news”), generally cannot be made plural. They cannot take indefinite articles like “a” or “an”. To quantify them, a unit of measure or specific phrasing must be added (e.g., “a piece of advice” instead of “an advice,” “a few pieces of advice” instead of “a few advices”).
    • Uncountable nouns are grammatically singular and must take singular forms of verbs (e.g., “The furniture in my living room is old,” not “are old”).
    • Some collective nouns, like “police,” are plural-only and always take plural verbs (e.g., “The police are investigating”).

    Gender

    In contrast to many other languages (like Romance languages), English nouns are generally gender-neutral. However, some instances of gender inflection still exist, mainly for nouns describing people who perform an action.

    • Making a Noun Feminine: Most gender-declined nouns indicate feminine gender, though this practice is becoming less common.
    • The most common suffix is “-ess,” used primarily for professional, noble, royal, or religious titles of women (e.g., “stewardess,” “waitress,” “actress,” “princess”). However, for professions, non-gendered alternatives are increasingly preferred (e.g., “flight attendant” over “stewardess”).
    • Other less common feminine suffixes include “-ine” (e.g., “heroine” from “hero”) and “-trix” (e.g., “executrix” from “executor”), often found in older or legalistic terms.
    • Making a Noun Masculine: Nouns distinguished by masculine gender are often in their basic form and tend to end in “-er” or “-or” to denote someone who performs a verb’s action.
    • Nouns with Inherent Gender Identity: A relatively small number of English nouns are inherently gendered without using suffixes, describing male or female individuals directly. These often include familial, social, or royal titles (e.g., “queen – king,” “girl – boy,” “mother – father,” “wife – husband”).
    • Specific gendered words also identify male and female members of animal types (e.g., “mare – stallion” for horses, “hen – rooster” for chickens).

    It is important to note that adjectives in English are never made plural to agree with plural nouns; only the noun itself is pluralized.

    By Amjad Izhar
    Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
    https://amjadizhar.blog