Al-Riyadh Newspaper, June 27, 2025: Saudi Arabian Society, Economy and Culture

These sources collectively provide a multifaceted overview of Saudi Arabian society, economy, and culture as of late June 2025. They highlight the nation’s flexible economic strategies amidst global challenges and its significant strides in the electric vehicle industry, including infrastructure development and manufacturing. The articles also emphasize the growing empowerment and participation of Saudi women across various sectors, from technology to traditional arts, alongside discussions of historical conflicts, modern media ethics, and the importance of critical thinking. Finally, the texts touch upon the transformation of sports, particularly football, through professionalization and fan engagement, and recent trends in global wealth growth.

Podcast

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 Transformation

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is undergoing significant transformations across its society, economy, and culture, primarily driven by Vision 2030, an ambitious strategic long-term plan.

Here’s a comprehensive overview:

Saudi Arabian Society

Saudi Arabian society is experiencing profound social and cultural changes as part of the national transformation. These changes are designed to foster a vibrant community that prides itself on its identity and contributes actively to global progress.

• Employment and Workforce Development:
• Vision 2030 is aimed at creating diverse job opportunities for Saudis in various sectors, including manufacturing, engineering, maintenance, marketing, and logistics, contributing to reduced unemployment rates.
• There is a significant focus on empowering national competencies and encouraging youth to pursue engineering and industrial innovation, especially in fields related to electric vehicles (EVs).
• Programs like the National Academy for Vehicles and Cars (NAVA) and initiatives by the Ministry of Industry provide specialized training and scholarships to build a sustainable national workforce capable of meeting the demands of growing industries.
• Efforts are also made to transfer knowledge through partnerships with global companies and by sending Saudi students and engineers for training at major international automotive firms.
• Role of Women:
• The decision to allow women to drive in 2018 marked a significant cultural shift in mobility, transforming women’s roles beyond merely users of technology.
• Saudi women are now seen as active partners in technical development, design, and production, and as ambassadors for sustainable and smart mobility.
• There has been a notable increase in female students specializing in engineering fields such as mechanical, electrical, programming, artificial intelligence, and material science in Saudi universities.
• Women are involved in research and development laboratories, managing R&D departments in major companies, and establishing startups that innovate in smart transportation solutions.
• This empowerment is supported at the highest levels of the state through legislation, programs, and institutions, fostering flexible and stimulating work environments for women.
• Women’s participation is viewed not just as symbolic but as a practical and effective contribution to environmental and economic solutions, influencing family choices towards sustainability and promoting environmental awareness.
• Quality of Life and Urban Development:
• Investments in improving transport infrastructure contribute to easing citizen movement and reducing congestion, offering modern, safe, and efficient transportation options.
• Projects like Neom exemplify the Kingdom’s ambition to create futuristic smart cities that integrate advanced technologies in transport, environment, and economy, aiming for a zero-emission, fully autonomous, and digitally connected transport system. Neom’s “The Line” project envisions a city where traditional cars are prohibited, with residents relying on fully autonomous vehicles and a multi-level transport system for quick travel.
• Media Literacy and Public Awareness:
• In an era of rapid news flow and conflicts, there’s a critical need for deep awareness and systematic approaches to news reception.
• “Reception etiquette” involves verifying sources, understanding context, avoiding sensationalism, and distinguishing between opinion and factual news.
• The psychological impact of intense news, particularly concerning conflicts, necessitates limiting exposure, balancing content, discussing feelings, and seeking support to mitigate anxiety and promote positive engagement.
• The public is increasingly an “opinion maker,” not just a recipient, highlighting the importance of individual responsibility in not spreading rumors or unverified information and advocating for values.

Saudi Arabian Economy

The Saudi economy is undergoing a strategic transformation towards diversification, aiming to reduce its reliance on oil and build a knowledge-based, sustainable, and innovative economic model.

• Macroeconomic Stability and Reforms:
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has praised the Saudi economy’s high flexibility in facing global economic shocks, noting its ability to contain inflation and maintain low unemployment rates in line with Vision 2030 targets.
• Strong domestic demand, driven by the continued implementation of Vision 2030 projects and robust credit growth, supports economic expansion.
• The Riyadh-dollar peg contributes to economic stability, along with government support, reduced transportation costs, and a slowdown in housing rent inflation.
• The Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) is commended for its role in liquidity management and strengthening regulatory and supervisory frameworks.
• Extensive national reforms since 2016 include improvements in business regulation, capital markets, and labor markets, which enhance investor confidence and support productivity.
• Automotive Industry Development:
• Saudi Arabia aims to become a regional hub for vehicle manufacturing, particularly electric vehicles (EVs), by 2030 and 2035.
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF) is a key driver, planning to invest at least $35 billion in the EV industry by 2030. This includes significant allocations for manufacturing, batteries, and chips/spare parts.
• Major projects include Ceer Motors (a joint venture with Foxconn), the first Saudi EV brand, aiming to produce 170,000 EVs annually by the middle of the next decade and contribute $8 billion to non-oil GDP by 2034.
• Lucid Motors, another major global company, has signed agreements for full production plants, with assembly operations starting in Jeddah in 2023.
• The King Salman Automotive Complex in King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC) is envisioned as a comprehensive center for automotive industries, supporting local production and exports.
• Investments extend to EV charging infrastructure, with projects like “EVIC” planning to establish 5,000 fast chargers by 2030.
• Challenges include a shortage of specialized human capabilities, reliance on imported vital parts like batteries and engines (though investments in lithium are underway), and intense global competition.
• The goal is to achieve 30% localization of EV manufacturing by 2030.
• Clean Energy and New Industrial Belt:
• Saudi Arabia is part of the “New Industrial Belt” of emerging markets, which are rapidly developing clean industrial bases.
• The Kingdom is investing in technologies like green ammonia and sustainable aviation fuel, which are experiencing rapid growth.
• Analyses show that the New Industrial Belt countries are projected to host over 75% of global planned green ammonia production facilities, benefiting from abundant natural resources for solar energy and competitive costs.
• This transformation offers a crucial opportunity for economic diversification, creating value-added industries, generating jobs, enhancing food and energy security, and gaining a competitive edge in global clean commodity markets.
• Tourism Sector:
• Saudi Arabia is establishing itself as a global tourism destination under Vision 2030, with significant government backing and rising numbers of local and international visitors.
• The transformation involves integrated infrastructure development, enhanced services, and improved connectivity across transport, hospitality, and logistics sectors.
• Key projects like Neom, Qiddiya, The Red Sea Project, and AlUla offer diverse experiences, ranging from futuristic cities and entertainment hubs to eco-luxury resorts and cultural heritage sites.
• Investment in human capital development within the tourism sector ensures high-quality services that reflect Saudi hospitality and cultural authenticity.

Saudi Arabian Culture

Saudi culture is rooted in a rich heritage, actively promoted and preserved through various initiatives, reflecting a dynamic interplay between tradition and modernity.

• Folk Arts and Heritage:
• Folk arts are deeply rooted in Saudi society, reflecting cultural life and heritage through both tangible creations and intangible forms like dances and narratives.
• Al-Ardha is a prominent Saudi folk dance performed at national events, holidays, and festivals. It originated as a war chant during the unification of the Kingdom under King Abdulaziz and now also serves as a symbol of peace and celebration. It involves specific attire, war drums, swords, and synchronized movements.
• Al-Muhawara poetry (debating poetry), also known as Al-Qalta or Al-Riddiyah, is a popular art form relying on spontaneous verse and quick wit, performed live to a specific melody.
• Other diverse folk arts include Al-Mizmar dance (a men’s dance from Hijaz involving sticks), Al-Samri (with distinctive rhythms), Al-Majrour (from Taif), Al-Yanbaawi (from Yanbu, performed with the “Al-Shumshumiyya” instrument), and Al-Dahha (a Bedouin dance often performed to rhythmic chants).
• The Saudi Society for Culture and Arts, established in 1973, plays a crucial role in overseeing and preserving these folk arts, actively working to document and display them in various events and festivals.
• National Identity and Values:
• The localization of industries, especially the automotive sector, is viewed as a symbol of national pride and technological independence, reinforcing a sense of belonging among citizens.
• Vision 2030 emphasizes reviving Saudi cultural heritage and encouraging community participation in artistic and cultural activities.
• The Kingdom’s journey is seen as embodying human values like peace and love, making it a welcoming destination for global interaction.
• The emphasis on “Made in Saudi” products is designed to foster a new industrial culture and a spirit of leadership among the youth.
• Intellectual and Academic Contributions:
• Saudi Arabia has notable intellectual contributions, such as Dr. Ali Al-Daffa, a renowned mathematician, who authored 49 books in Arabic and English, including significant works on the contributions of Arab and Muslim scholars to mathematics and other sciences. He was honored by the King for his services to the nation.
• The development of the Saudi novel is seen as a key element in the national transformation, enriching culture and serving as a tool for influence and societal building.
• The concept of “illustrated narrative” or “comics” is emerging as a recognized literary genre that integrates images with minimal text to convey stories, reflecting a modern approach to storytelling.
• Language and Identity:
• The Arabic language is seen as deeply connected to Saudi identity and soul, reflecting emotions and authentic self-expression.
• While there are ongoing linguistic debates, particularly concerning modern usages of words like “mutawajid” (present in a place) versus classical meanings, efforts are being made to preserve the purity and beauty of Arabic while allowing for necessary evolution to incorporate modern terms.
• The Kingdom emphasizes pride in its linguistic heritage and seeks to ensure a minimum level of Arabic proficiency in educational institutions, including international schools.
• The potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on cultural identity and storytelling is a recognized concern, with an emphasis on ensuring human oversight to preserve the “soul” of narratives and prevent AI from defining cultural realities.

Saudi Vision 2030: Economic Diversification and Resilience

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has adopted flexible economic strategies, particularly through Vision 2030, to address global economic shocks, diversify its economy, and reduce its reliance on oil. These strategies are designed to enhance the nation’s financial resilience and promote sustainable economic growth.

Here are the details of the nation’s flexible economic strategies:

• Financial Sustainability and Resilience
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) experts have lauded the high flexibility of the Saudi economy in facing global economic shocks.
• The government’s efforts in promoting public financial sustainability and flexibility in the face of shocks have also been praised by IMF experts.
• Despite heightened global uncertainty, strong domestic demand continues to support economic growth, reflecting the Kingdom’s ongoing implementation of Vision 2030 projects and robust credit growth.
• Inflation Control and Price Stability
• The Kingdom has successfully contained inflation, which reached 2.3% in April 2025, with expectations for it to remain stable near 2%.
• This stability is attributed to the stability of the Riyal’s peg to the US dollar, sustained government domestic support, lower transport and communication costs, and a slowdown in residential rental inflation.
• Imported inflation resulting from increased customs duties is also expected to remain under control.
• Monetary Policy and Regulatory Frameworks
• The IMF experts praised the role of the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) in enhancing the liquidity management framework to ensure stability.
• SAMA’s continuous efforts to strengthen regulatory and supervisory frameworks have been highly valued.
• Structural Reforms and Diversification
• Since 2016, the Kingdom has implemented extensive national reforms in business regulation, labor markets, governance, and capital markets.
• New systems, such as the updated investment system, the labor system, and amendments to the commercial registration system, came into effect in 2025. These measures aim to increase investor confidence and support companies’ productivity gains.
• There is a continued emphasis on structural reform efforts to sustain non-oil sector growth and diversify the economy.
• A key priority is strengthening the medium-term financial framework to achieve Vision 2030 goals.
• Automotive Industry as a Diversification Tool
• Saudi Arabia aims to become a regional hub for the automotive industry, especially electric vehicles, by 2030 and 2035 through massive industrial projects and strengthening local supply chains.
• This initiative falls under Vision 2030’s goals to diversify the economy and reduce oil dependency.
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF) plans to invest at least $35 billion in electric vehicle development by 2030, with allocations for manufacturing (50%), batteries (25%), and chips and spare parts (25%).
• The Kingdom is developing an automotive sector that aligns with its long-term transportation vision, including establishing national and international companies, smart infrastructure, and national capacity building.
• The Kingdom’s automotive market is the largest in the Middle East and North Africa, holding a 37% share, supporting the vision to localize this industry and achieve self-sufficiency.
• Major projects like the King Salman Complex for Automobile Industry are central to this vision, aiming for sustainable transport solutions and integrated industries.
• Ceer, the first Saudi electric vehicle brand (a partnership between PIF and Foxconn), is expected to contribute $8 billion to the non-oil GDP by 2034 and create 30,000 direct and indirect jobs.
• Lucid Motors also started local assembly in Jeddah in 2023, with plans to reach 150,000 units annually.
• Hyundai Motor is setting up an advanced manufacturing plant in the Kingdom with an investment of over $500 million, targeting 50,000 vehicles annually, including electric vehicles and engines.
• The Kingdom is also building an extensive charging station network for electric vehicles, with “EVIQ” aiming for 5,000 fast chargers by 2030. Petromin has already established 12 charging stations and plans to expand to 40 within two years.
• Challenges include a shortage of skilled human capital, reliance on imported components (like batteries and engines), and intense global competition. However, efforts are underway to address these, including academic programs and training initiatives like the National Academy for Automotive and Vehicles (NAVA).
• Women’s Role in Economic Transformation
• The decision to allow women to drive in 2018 marked a qualitative transformation in the culture of mobility.
• Women are now active partners in technological development, specializing in mechanical and electrical engineering, programming, AI, and materials science.
• Their participation in the automotive sector is not just symbolic but a key component of technological progress, with Saudi female researchers contributing to smart transportation solutions that impact millions of lives.
• This increased female presence is supported by government policies, legislative and regulatory reforms, and a changing societal culture.
• Embracing Modern Technologies and Innovation
• The Kingdom is fostering a culture of innovation in the automotive industry through national manufacturing projects, R&D incentives, human capital development, infrastructure, legislation, and international partnerships.
• There is a focus on green vehicle technologies and environmental efficiency, aligning with global trends.
• The vision includes creating an infrastructure for smart mobility and a comprehensive electric charging network.
• Projects like NEOM are leading models for integrated, environmentally and technologically advanced future cities, focusing on smart transportation systems, autonomous vehicles, and sustainable solutions.
• NEOM’s “The Line” project, for instance, will be fully managed by AI and eliminate traditional cars, relying on completely autonomous vehicles and multi-level transport systems.

In essence, Saudi Arabia’s flexible economic strategies are underpinned by a bold vision to transform its economy from an oil-dependent model to a diversified, knowledge-based, and innovation-driven powerhouse, capable of addressing global challenges and enhancing its competitive standing through strategic investments, human capital development, and advanced technological integration.

Saudi Arabia’s Electric Vehicle Revolution Under Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in the electric vehicle (EV) industry as a core component of its flexible economic strategies, particularly under Vision 2030. The Kingdom aims to become a regional hub for the automotive industry, especially for electric vehicles, by 2030 and 2035. This ambitious goal is driven by efforts to diversify the economy and reduce reliance on oil.

Here are the key details about these advancements:

• Strategic Vision and Investment
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF) plans to invest at least $35 billion in electric vehicle development by 2030, with allocations of 50% for manufacturing, 25% for batteries, and 25% for chips and spare parts.
• Saudi Arabia is purposefully moving towards an industrial future within a long-term transportation vision, which includes establishing various national and international companies, creating smart infrastructure, and enhancing national capabilities.
• The Kingdom’s automotive market is the largest in the Middle East and North Africa, holding a 37% share, providing a strong base for localizing this industry and achieving self-sufficiency.
• Key Manufacturing Initiatives and Companies
• Ceer: The first Saudi electric vehicle brand, a partnership between PIF and Foxconn, was launched in November 2022. Ceer is developing an innovative range of electric vehicles focused on mobility, electronic driving technologies, and autonomous driving. It is expected to contribute $8 billion (approximately 30 billion Saudi Riyals) to the non-oil GDP by 2034 and create 30,000 direct and indirect jobs. Ceer aims to produce about 170,000 units annually by the middle of the next decade and is building an integrated factory in King Abdullah Economic City.
• Lucid Motors: Began local assembly operations in Jeddah in 2023. This is one of the largest American investments by PIF. Lucid plans to reach an annual production of 150,000 vehicles in Saudi Arabia.
• Hyundai Motor: The Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources, in cooperation with PIF, has attracted Hyundai Motor Company to establish an advanced car manufacturing plant in the Kingdom with a total investment exceeding $500 million. This facility will produce 50,000 vehicles annually, including electric vehicles and engines.
• King Salman Complex for Automobile Industry: This complex in King Abdullah Economic City serves as a foundational center for integrated automotive industries in Saudi Arabia, supporting sustainable transport solutions and Vision 2030 objectives for the automotive sector.
• Infrastructure Development
• The Kingdom is building an extensive charging station network for electric vehicles. “EVIQ,” a company partnered with PIF and the Saudi Electricity Company, aims to establish a network of 5,000 fast chargers by 2030, distributed across more than a thousand stations nationwide. Petromin has already established 12 charging stations and plans to expand to 40 within two years.
• The focus is on creating a smart mobility infrastructure and a comprehensive electric charging network.
• NEOM serves as a leading model for integrated, environmentally and technologically advanced future cities, emphasizing smart transportation systems and autonomous vehicles. For example, “The Line” project in NEOM will be fully managed by AI and eliminate traditional cars, relying entirely on autonomous vehicles and multi-level transport systems.
• The Kingdom is also developing supportive regulatory and legislative frameworks for autonomous driving and the testing of self-driving and electric vehicles.
• Supply Chain Localization and Technological Advancement
• Saudi Arabia aims to strengthen local supply chains for the automotive industry. The localization of component manufacturing, including batteries, chips, and spare parts, is considered crucial for the success of a sustainable national auto industry.
• Efforts include investment in lithium extraction from oil-produced water, though the Kingdom still relies partially on imported batteries and raw materials.
• There is a strong focus on green vehicle technologies and environmental efficiency.
• The Kingdom emphasizes fostering a culture of innovation in the automotive industry through national manufacturing projects, R&D incentives, human capital development, infrastructure, legislation, and international partnerships.
• Human Capital Development
• To address the shortage of skilled human capital, Saudi Arabia has launched initiatives and academic programs, such as the National Academy for Automotive and Vehicles (NAVA). These programs offer specialized training and academic scholarships in engineering disciplines, particularly for electric vehicles, battery technology, and smart manufacturing.
• The Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources also sends Saudi students and engineers for training at major global automotive companies.
• Role of Women in Economic Transformation
• The decision to allow women to drive in 2018 marked a qualitative cultural transformation in mobility. Women are now actively engaged in technological development, specializing in mechanical and electrical engineering, programming, AI, and materials science.
• Their participation in the automotive sector is a key component of technological progress and includes contributions to smart transportation solutions. Saudi female researchers are actively involved in research and development, including joining production lines at global car factories like Lucid in Jeddah. This increasing female presence is supported by government policies, legislative and regulatory reforms, and a changing societal culture.
• Challenges
• Despite significant progress, the Kingdom faces challenges such as a shortage of skilled human capital, continued reliance on imported components (like batteries and engines), and intense global competition from established manufacturing centers.
• High temperatures in Saudi Arabia also pose a technical challenge for testing and certifying EV batteries.
• Additionally, there is a need for comprehensive updates in transport laws, safety tests, and autonomous driving regulations to keep pace with the modern industry.

Saudi Women Drive Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia has witnessed a growing empowerment and significant participation of Saudi women across various sectors, particularly as a core element of its ambitious Vision 2030. This transformation goes beyond mere social changes, embodying a strategic shift aimed at fostering economic diversification, innovation, and sustainable development.

Here are the details about their growing empowerment and participation:

• Transformative Shift in Mobility and Societal Role:
• The decision to allow women to drive in 2018 marked a qualitative cultural transformation in mobility. This was not just about granting driving rights but served as a platform for participation and a responsibility towards the environment and society, initiating a redefinition of mobility culture in the Kingdom.
• Saudi women are now considered active voices in the new landscape of sustainable mobility, embracing the concept not just as a personal choice but as an issue tied to quality of life, environmental protection, and economic development.
• They have transitioned “from waiting seats to driving seats” in every sense, leading the car, the stance, and the vision.
• Their role extends to actively engaging in technological development, specializing in mechanical and electrical engineering, programming, artificial intelligence (AI), and materials science. This includes contributing to smart transportation solutions.
• Key Contributions to the Electric Vehicle (EV) Industry:
• Saudi women are active partners in the process of technical development.
• They are directly contributing to the manufacturing of electric vehicles and their smart technologies. This is evidenced by the joining of Saudi female engineers to production lines in global car factories, notably Lucid in Jeddah.
• Their participation in the automotive sector is a key component of technological progress.
• There is a focus on fostering a culture of innovation in the automotive industry through national manufacturing projects, R&D incentives, human capital development, infrastructure, legislation, and international partnerships, in which women play a significant role.
• Involvement in Research and Development (R&D) and Technological Advancement:
• Saudi universities are experiencing a remarkable increase in the number of female students in precise technical and engineering specializations, such as advanced materials engineering, vehicle technology, programming of smart vehicle systems, and electric battery technology.
• Through scholarship programs, training opportunities in industrial companies, and inclusion of talented women in national programs, women have become part of the development system, not just beneficiaries but also producers of knowledge and inventors of solutions.
• Female researchers contribute to shaping smart transportation by inventing solutions and developing systems that impact millions of lives and drive the Kingdom closer to achieving its technological sovereignty.
• Saudi women also contribute to innovating smart solutions in transportation through establishing startup companies focused on applications, charging technologies, or car parts design. Some have even received international awards for their role in innovation.
• The presence of Saudi women in design engineering laboratories, AI programs for cars, and discussions related to environmental legislation and smart transport, emphasizes that the automotive sector is no longer exclusively male-dominated.
• Developing Human Capital and Supporting Initiatives:
• To address the shortage of skilled human capital, the Kingdom has launched initiatives and academic programs, such as the National Academy for Automotive and Vehicles (NAVA). These programs offer specialized training and academic scholarships in engineering disciplines, particularly for electric vehicles, battery technology, and smart manufacturing.
• The Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources also sends Saudi students and engineers for training at major global automotive companies. These initiatives aim to build a qualified national workforce that supports the sector’s development.
• Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Practices:
• Saudi women play a pivotal role in enhancing environmental awareness, not only by driving electric cars but also by adopting conscious consumption decisions, promoting eco-friendly vehicles, reducing reliance on fuel, and participating in community initiatives concerned with environmental preservation and quality of life.
• Their engagement in awareness campaigns to reduce carbon emissions is prominent.
• Enabling Policies and Societal Support:
• Government entities, in partnership with the private sector, are developing infrastructure to support sustainable mobility, including electric vehicle charging stations and smart transportation plans in major cities.
• The transformation is supported by reforms in legislation and regulations, creating flexible and stimulating work environments that contribute to women’s professional advancement and help them balance personal ambition with participation in building the national economy.
• The empowerment of women has become a national issue, supported by the highest levels of the state, removing many obstacles that previously hindered their entry into specialized industries.
• Impact on National Identity and Future Vision:
• The increasing participation of women is seen as a crucial part of the Kingdom’s larger transformation, reflecting not just economic maturity but also the maturity of societal awareness where sustainability, empowerment, and technological innovations converge.
• Women’s contributions demonstrate their capacity to be a pillar of development and a leader for change, showing that the future of the automotive industry in Saudi Arabia will not just be about importing and applying technologies, but about Saudi innovation and production in which women actively participate.

Contemporary Conflicts: From Geopolitics to Identity

The sources provided describe several types of conflicts, ranging from military engagements and political disputes to cultural challenges and philosophical debates.

Here are the details about historical and ongoing conflicts:

• Military Conflicts and Their Consequences:
• A recent two-day war occurred between Iran and Israel, described as being open to all political and military expectations and possibilities. Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states clearly called for dialogue and understanding to avoid its continuation, emphasizing that war only leads to destruction and devastation, and that diplomacy should be the foundation for solving problems. Despite the war, Saudi Arabia’s efforts, led by the Crown Prince and Foreign Minister, continued to call for a return to the negotiating table to prevent further devastating losses.
• The sources implicitly note that past wars have led to immense destruction, highlighting the importance of reason and logic in resolving issues.
• The Al-Ardha Saudi dance originated as a war chant to excite warriors before battles during the unification of the Kingdom under King Abdulaziz. This historical practice reflects a time of conflict where the dance served to express motivation and strength.
• Political and Economic Conflicts (Domestic and International):
• A significant ongoing conflict exists between Donald Trump and Jerome Powell, the head of the Federal Reserve. This is described as a “war of interest” where Trump has escalated his public attacks on Powell, particularly since his departure from the White House, accusing Powell’s policies of undermining the U.S. economy by raising interest rates.
• Trump has demanded that the Federal Reserve reduce interest rates by a full percentage point, believing that Powell’s policies hinder economic growth and make the U.S. uncompetitive globally. He argues that inflation was low during his presidency, and the Fed’s rate hikes were unnecessary and hurt the economy.
• Powell, in contrast, consistently asserts the Federal Reserve’s independence from political pressure. He maintains that decisions are based solely on economic data to achieve long-term price stability and full employment. Powell warns against “excessive easing” of monetary policy, citing historical errors like those in the 1970s, which led to high inflation.
• The conflict has caused significant volatility and confusion in financial markets, leading to warnings from analysts that undermining the Fed’s independence could further destabilize the U.S. dollar and lead to higher long-term interest rates. Legal discussions also arose regarding the President’s power to remove the Fed chairman.
• Modern warfare extends into the digital space, as seen in recent events involving Iran and Israel, where both sides launched “intense waves of media campaigns” alongside military strikes. This digital warfare involves using accounts, videos, and targeted content to influence public opinion, reflecting a shift where the media platform becomes a battlefield, sometimes with more impact than physical weapons. Studies show a high percentage of people in the Middle East form political opinions based on social media, making these platforms strategic targets.
• Humanitarian and Societal Conflicts:
• The plight of Palestinian women prisoners in Israeli jails highlights a continuous humanitarian conflict. They face systematic policies of deprivation, denial of rights, and various forms of torture, including physical abuse, psychological torment, strip searches, medical negligence, starvation, and isolation. These practices are seen as a continuation of historical violations, escalating significantly since the “genocide” began. Women are often arrested as a means of pressure on their families or detained without charge.
• The “Occupier” is accused of deliberately targeting mothers to demoralize prisoners and has prevented thousands of mothers from visiting their children for years.
• Cultural and Identity-Related Conflicts:
• Mahmoud Darwish’s poetry is highlighted as a response to living “under occupation,” with his early works characterized by nationalist fervor and a clear style aimed at asserting national identity against attempts at erasure. His later works moved towards deeper symbolism, reflecting a continuous evolution of his identity and vision.
• The broader cultural landscape experiences a “clash of narratives” and “clash of identities”, a struggle between heritage and modernity, and the dominance of global trends. There’s a challenge to create new, authentic narratives while being influenced by external cultures.
• A linguistic debate exists regarding the use of the Arabic word “mutawajid” (متواجد) versus “mawjood” (موجود) to mean “present” or “located.” Traditional linguists argue “mutawajid” implies showing emotion or ecstasy, not physical presence, and deem its common modern use incorrect. However, it has become widely accepted in contemporary language, including official media. This reflects a conflict between linguistic purity and evolving usage.
• The role of Arabic language versus English in the digital and technological age presents another conflict. While English is seen as the optimal language for dealing with technological advancements, there’s concern that Arabic might lose its high standing if it does not adapt. The text argues that the real threat to Arabic comes from stagnation and those who treat it as an unchangeable idol, rather than from adopting new vocabulary or learning other languages.
• The potential impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on cultural identity is presented as a significant concern. There’s a fear that AI, by processing data without true emotional understanding, could misrepresent human stories, heritage, and identity, effectively “killing the soul” of cultural narratives. This is viewed as a threat to the depth of human experience and the nuanced ways cultures express themselves.

Navigating Modern Media Ethics in Conflict

Modern media, particularly in the context of conflicts, presents complex ethical challenges that necessitate a deep and systematic awareness from its audience. The digital age has transformed media platforms into new battlefields, where information dissemination carries significant strategic and psychological implications.

Here are the details about modern media ethics drawn from the sources:

• The Nature of Modern Media in Conflict:
• Modern warfare extends beyond physical combat into the digital space, where “intense waves of media campaigns” are launched alongside military strikes, as evidenced by the recent Iran-Israel conflict.
• These digital campaigns involve using various accounts, videos, and targeted content to influence public opinion, making the media platform a battlefield that can have “more impact than physical weapons”.
• Social media platforms are described as “actual battlegrounds” where thousands of tweets and clips promote each side’s narrative, often through fabricated content, leaked intelligence, or dramatic scenes designed to elicit a strong emotional response.
• Official accounts now craft messages in the language of the general public, updated instantly with images, drawings, and maps to create a direct psychological impact.
• A 2023 study by Statista indicated that 78% of people in the Middle East form their political opinions based on social media, highlighting these platforms as strategic targets in information warfare.
• The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools by governments to analyze user behavior, predict actions, and innovate media campaigns further complicates the ethical landscape, making every user a potential broadcaster and blurring the lines of traditional conflict.
• Ethical Challenges and the “Chaos of Reception”:
• The contemporary media landscape is characterized by a “chaos of reception and the challenge of truth” due to the rapid flow of news, visual content, instant comments, and dramatic clips.
• This constant inundation can lead to a state of permanent alert, potentially causing confusion or cognitive overload for the recipient.
• The repetitive, shocking, and sensational nature of headlines and visuals can mislead the audience into believing they are seeing the complete truth, when in reality it is often a fragmented, biased, or manipulated version of events.
• Modern media ethics, referred to as “Adabiyat Al-Talaqqi” (Ethics of Reception), emphasize the critical engagement required from the audience to understand events deeply, moving beyond mere emotional reaction.
• Core Principles of Media Ethics for the Audience:
• Verification (تثبّت): It is crucial to verify the source of information, compare news across multiple agencies, and acknowledge potential political biases and regional/international interests that might shape the narrative.
• Contextual Understanding: Events, especially conflicts, are not isolated incidents but consequences of complex historical and geographical accumulations. Media often simplifies or ignores these crucial backgrounds, leading to a distorted understanding.
• Avoiding Sensationalism and Terrorization: Viewers should recognize when media channels prioritize excitement for attention, and actively resist falling prey to fear or hatred, which can be amplified by dramatic presentations.
• Distinguishing Opinion from News: It is essential to differentiate between factual, confirmed information and interpretations, opinions, or positions presented by specific parties, as news coverage often blends these elements.
• Impact and Responsibility:
• Psychological Impact: Exposure to graphic images and sounds of conflict can leave deep psychological scars, leading to anxiety, anger, despair, or a sense of helplessness. To mitigate this, limiting news consumption, balancing it with positive content, discussing feelings, and seeking support are recommended.
• Audience as Opinion-Makers: Social media has empowered the public to share, comment on, and even distort news, thereby actively influencing public opinion.
• Individual Responsibility: Individuals are urged not to spread rumors or unverified news, as this can fuel conflict. They should also refrain from excessively re-posting painful images due to their psychological impact on others. Instead, they should use their voice to advocate for values and contribute to de-escalation and awareness, rather than chaos.

In conclusion, understanding modern media ethics requires a critical approach to information, recognizing the pervasive influence of digital platforms and the strategic use of media in conflicts. It calls for the audience to be vigilant, verify information, consider context, and act responsibly to foster a more informed and stable social environment.

The Art of Critical Thinking in a Complex World

The sources emphasize that critical thinking is fundamental for navigating the complexities of modern life, especially in the context of information dissemination, conflicts, and cultural evolution. It is portrayed as an essential skill for both individual understanding and societal stability.

Here are the key details about the importance of critical thinking:

• Discerning Truth and Combating Misinformation:
• In an age where media platforms have become “actual battlegrounds” for “intense waves of media campaigns” and propaganda, critical thinking is crucial for distinguishing truth from fabrication. The rapid flow of news, visual content, and dramatic clips creates a “chaos of reception and the challenge of truth”, leading to potential “confusion or cognitive overload” if one is not critically engaged.
• It enables the audience to avoid being misled by “fragmented, biased, or manipulated” information and to recognize that “truth is rarely on one side alone” but often lies “in the intersection of views” and “gray areas”.
• Core Principles of Critical Reception (“Adabiyat Al-Talaqqi”):
• Verification (تثبّت): This is paramount, requiring individuals to “verify the source of information,” “compare news across multiple agencies,” and “acknowledge potential political biases” that might shape narratives.
• Contextual Understanding: Critical thinking involves understanding events not as isolated incidents but as “consequences of complex historical and geographical accumulations”. Media often “simplifies or ignores these crucial backgrounds,” which can lead to distorted understanding.
• Avoiding Sensationalism and Terrorization: It requires recognizing when media channels prioritize “excitement for attention” and actively resisting falling prey to “fear or hatred,” which can be amplified by dramatic presentations.
• Distinguishing Opinion from News: A critical approach differentiates between “factual, confirmed information” and “interpretations, opinions, or positions presented by specific parties”.
• Skepticism of Single Sources: One should “not build one’s position based on a single video or testimony”.
• Cultivating a Critical Sense: This involves learning to “read between the lines” and “deconstruct the language and terminology used by media”.
• Mitigating Psychological Impact:
• Unchecked exposure to graphic content and sensational news can cause “deep psychological scars,” leading to “anxiety, anger, despair, or a sense of helplessness”. Critical thinking, through strategies like limiting news consumption, balancing it with positive content, and discussing feelings, helps manage this psychological burden. An “uncritical receiver” is depicted as someone “without a shield” in a storm, susceptible to “false convictions” and “biased judgments” based on the “strongest image” or “loudest voice”.
• Empowering the Audience and Promoting Responsibility:
• Modern social media has transformed the audience from passive recipients to “opinion-makers”, highlighting the increased responsibility on individuals to engage critically. Critical thinking urges individuals “not to spread rumors or unverified news” and to “refrain from excessively re-posting painful images”. Instead, it encourages using one’s voice to “advocate for values” and contribute to “de-escalation and awareness,” rather than “chaos”.
• Foundation for Understanding and Progress:
• Critical thinking is vital for deeper understanding and meaning-making. The act of reading, for instance, is not passive but an “interaction between the reader, the text, and the world” that transforms symbols into “living meaning”. The reader’s conscious experience gives meaning to the written text, emphasizing the active role of interpretation.
• It is crucial for problem-solving and rational decision-making. In conflicts, “reason and logic” are presented as the “foundation for solving problems,” advocating for critical thought over emotional reactions.
• The “human mind” is described not merely as a tool for understanding but as “a language of the world,” capable of “weaving logic from contradictions, order from chaos, and questions from freedom”. It “awakens a consciousness that illuminates the path between thought and soul, and makes our existence an experience worth contemplating”. This highlights critical thinking’s role in self-awareness and a meaningful existence.
• The Quran is cited for its emphasis on “rational thought and critical engagement,” with repeated calls to “reason” and “understand”.
• Preserving Cultural Identity in the Digital Age:
• In the context of Artificial Intelligence, critical thinking becomes crucial for safeguarding cultural identity. There is a fear that AI, processing data without true emotional understanding, could “kill the soul” of cultural narratives by misrepresenting human stories and heritage.
• The sources raise questions about AI’s ability to truly “think with a Bedouin culture” or understand the deep emotional and historical significance of cultural practices like the Ardha dance, emphasizing that human critical insight is irreplaceable for nuanced cultural appreciation.
• The “real danger” is presented as AI’s “ability to convince the world that this is our truth”, underscoring the absolute necessity of human critical oversight to discern authentic cultural representation. Professionals are urged to provide “true cultural oversight” to balance historical memory and reference with the speed of new technologies.

The Evolution of Modern Football: System, Data, and Fan Disconnect

Modern football has undergone significant transformations, evolving from a game of spontaneous joy and individual flair into a highly professionalized and commercially driven system, which in turn has profoundly impacted fan engagement.

Professionalization of Football:

• Tactical Dominance and Mechanical Play: Modern football is now seen as a “complex industrial system governed by calculations and cold tactical thinking”. Major European clubs heavily rely on “strict tactical systems” focusing on “positioning and quick transitions”. This approach, exemplified by coaches like Pep Guardiola, turns players into “tools in a precise mechanical system,” diminishing opportunities for “unique solutions or improvisation”.
• Data-Driven Decisions: The sport exhibits an “increasing reliance on data and analysis,” which has become “suffocating” for the “free artistic moment”. Players are now trained to execute the “correct tactical decision” based on analysis, rather than relying on their instinct or taking risks. Statistical indicators like xG (expected goals), xGA (expected goals against), and xT (expected threat) are used as “decisive factors in evaluating players,” often at the expense of “innate talent and artistic sense”.
• Academies as “Experimental Laboratories”: European football academies are described as “experimental laboratories” that prioritize “modern technologies rather than raw talent”. Their goal is to produce “disciplined players capable of executing instructions precisely,” functioning like “precise machines”. They utilize advanced technologies such as GPS to track every step, monitor heart rates, and conduct multi-angle video analysis to perfect player performance. This marks a shift from cultivating natural talent to engineering players within a “massive mechanical system”.
• Decline of Individual Brilliance: The emphasis on strict tactical discipline has led to a significant reduction in individual dribbling, particularly in the attacking third of the pitch, as data analysis often deems it “ineffective”. This indicates a shift in focus from the “aesthetics of football” to creating a “mind that follows instructions and does not create with improvisation”. Modern players are often perceived as “submissive elements of a system” rather than rebellious, artistic talents.
• Intensified Match Schedules: The pressures from commercial rights and marketing objectives have resulted in a “congestion of matches,” leading to higher rates of player injuries, reduced vitality, and fan saturation. For instance, Manchester City played 61 matches in the 2022/23 season, averaging a match every five days.
• Football as an Economic Industry: Football is increasingly viewed as an “industrial project” and a “strategic choice” for economic diversification, capable of generating “billions of dollars” in non-oil GDP. The success of clubs like Al-Qadisiyah in Saudi Arabia is presented as a prime example of successful “sports privatization”.

Fan Engagement:

• Shift from Passion to Commercial Transaction: The relationship between fans and the sport has transitioned from an “emotional passion” to a “transactional consumer relationship”. Many fans now feel they are no longer “fans but customers” due to the commercial nature of the sport.
• Ticket Prices and Fan Discontent: Fans, particularly of the English Premier League, find ticket prices “unreasonable” and advocate for a “price cap” for match attendance.
• Decreased Stadium Attendance: There is a notable “coldness” in stadium attendance across major European leagues and international club competitions. Reports indicate a stagnation or slight decline in average attendance compared to pre-pandemic levels, signifying a “fading relationship between the public and the game”.
• Influence of Player Behavior: Player conduct, both on and off the field, has a significant impact on fans, especially youth, who may imitate star athletes. Parents express concern over “negative behaviors” by some players. The media notes that “ethical transgressions” by players, who are seen as “icons of success and role models for youth,” can negatively affect their emotional connection with fans.
• Call for Role Models and Responsibility: There is a strong call for football stars to be positive role models for youth. Clubs and players are urged to “control player behaviors” due to their profound influence. Fans are encouraged not to engage in “blind imitation” of superficial player styles but rather to emulate those who uphold “good morals and values”.
• Maintaining Emotional Connection: Despite the commercialization, fans still hold an “emotional bond” with their favorite teams and players, and their successes evoke “happiness and joy”. The importance of maintaining this emotional connection is highlighted, emphasizing that the game should aim to balance the “rigor of the system and creativity” with “investment and profit and enjoyment”.

Global Wealth Report 2024: Key Findings

Recent data from the “Global Wealth Report” by UBS Switzerland, published in 2024, indicates a notable acceleration in global individual wealth growth.

Here are the key details about recent trends in global wealth growth:

• Overall Growth: Global individual wealth increased by 4.6% in the past year, reaching approximately $470 trillion. This follows a 4.2% increase recorded in 2023.
• Regional Performance:
• North America experienced the most significant growth, with an increase rate exceeding 11%. This surge was primarily driven by substantial gains in stock markets and the strength of the dollar during that period.
• In contrast, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East saw minimal growth, with individual wealth increasing by no more than 0.4%.
• More than half of the 56 markets included in the study witnessed a decrease in the aggregated value of their financial and real estate assets.
• Country Rankings (Average Wealth per Adult in 2024):
• Switzerland maintained its position at the top, with an average wealth per adult of approximately $687,000. It has consistently been regarded as a safe haven for the wealthy.
• The United States ranked second, with an average of $620,654 per adult.
• Hong Kong followed with an average of approximately $601,000 per adult.
• Germany, which is the third-largest economy globally, ranked 19th with an average individual wealth of about $257,000, significantly trailing behind the UK and France.

Two Conflicts: Geopolitics and Economic Policy

The sources provide details on two distinct types of regional conflicts: a geopolitical conflict between Iran and Israel, and an economic/political conflict within the United States between then-President Trump and Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell.

Geopolitical Conflict: Iran and Israel

• The conflict between Iran and Israel lasted for twenty days and was open to all political and military predictions and possibilities, elevating regional tension.
• It was considered a potential turning point in the region.
• There are conflicting statements regarding Iran’s nuclear program, with the United States claiming it ended and Iran asserting it evacuated nuclear sites before the American strike.
• The Saudi-Gulf position was clear and prominent, advocating for dialogue and diplomatic solutions to avoid war, emphasizing that war only leads to devastation and defeat.
• Saudi Arabia’s efforts did not cease, with the Crown Prince conducting calls with regional and international leaders, alongside the Foreign Minister’s movements, to urge a return to negotiations and prevent the continuation of war.
• The sources state that war has never been an option for resolving crises and may even increase their complexities. Solutions, it is argued, should be based on reason and logic.

Economic and Political Conflict: Trump vs. Powell in the United States

This conflict primarily focuses on the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy and the attempts by the executive branch to influence it, with significant implications for financial markets and global wealth.

• Escalation and Core Disagreement: The public clash between Trump and Powell intensified in 2019 and 2020 over the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hikes. Trump vociferously attacked Powell, describing him as an “enemy of the American economy”.
• Trump’s Stance:
• He believed the Fed made “big mistakes” by rapidly raising interest rates, arguing it hindered economic growth, especially given low inflation during his first term.
• Trump frequently complained that the Fed was raising rates “despite very low inflation” and argued that US interest rates, compared to those in Europe and Japan, put the US at a competitive disadvantage internationally.
• He publicly demanded a full percentage point reduction in interest rates and even resorted to comparing US policy to China’s “massive incentives” and low rates.
• His philosophy prioritized economic growth and employment above all else, even if it required an ultra-expansionary monetary policy, believing the US economy could “go like a rocket” with lower rates.
• Trump’s public criticisms and threats had a direct impact on Wall Street, leading to increased volatility and stock market declines. He often linked market downturns to Powell’s decisions.
• Powell’s Defense of Independence:
• Jerome Powell maintained a firm defensive stance, emphasizing the Federal Reserve’s independence from political pressures.
• He asserted that the Fed’s decisions are based on objective economic considerations and data, not political whims.
• Powell believes the primary mission of the central bank is to achieve price stability (around 2% inflation) and sustainable full employment.
• He defended the 2018 rate hikes by stating the economy and labor market were robust, and leaving rates too low for too long could lead to an “overheated economy and an inflationary bubble”.
• Powell’s arguments were informed by historical lessons, particularly the high inflation of the 1970s, which occurred when the Fed yielded to political pressure.
• Legal and Market Implications:
• The question of a president’s power to dismiss the Fed chairman (who can only be removed for “just cause” related to behavior, not policy disagreements) became a significant legal debate.
• A Supreme Court ruling in May 2025 affirmed the Federal Reserve as a “unique and quasi-independent entity,” making direct presidential intervention difficult and somewhat easing fears of arbitrary dismissal.
• However, analysts warned that merely threatening Powell’s dismissal would send a negative signal to markets, potentially leading to increased volatility, a weaker dollar, and higher long-term interest rates due to increased inflation expectations.
• Internationally, concerns were raised that continued political pressure on the Fed could weaken the US’s global financial standing and impact the dollar’s role as a global reserve currency. This is because the Fed’s independence is a cornerstone of global financial stability.
• Outcome (as of source’s date): Powell did not yield to Trump’s direct pressure on rates for political reasons, taking into account market instability and broader economic conditions. The conflict ultimately highlighted the importance of central bank independence and fostered greater awareness about its necessity among policymakers.

Saudi Arabia’s Economic Transformation: Vision 2030 in Action

The Saudi Arabian economy is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by its ambitious Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and reduce its dependence on oil. This strategic shift is reflected in various sectors, from industrial development to tourism and green initiatives, positioning the Kingdom as a major economic player regionally and globally.

Here are the key details about recent trends and strategic directions in the Saudi economy:

• Overall Economic Performance and Resilience
• The Saudi Ministry of Finance welcomed the concluding statement from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) mission, which affirmed the high flexibility of the Saudi economy in facing global economic shocks. This resilience is coupled with expanding non-oil activities and containing inflation.
• Inflation reached 2.3% in April 2025 and is expected to remain stable near 2%. This stability is attributed to the peg of the Saudi riyal to the US dollar, continued domestic government support, lower transport and communication costs, and a slowdown in residential rental inflation. Imported inflation resulting from increased customs duties is expected to remain under control.
• The IMF experts praised the Saudi government’s efforts in enhancing public financial sustainability and flexibility against shocks, noting the continued strong domestic demand supporting economic growth despite global uncertainty. This growth is largely driven by public and private investments within the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 projects and strong credit growth.
• The Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) has been commended by IMF experts for its role in enhancing liquidity management and strengthening regulatory and supervisory frameworks.
• Since 2016, the Kingdom has implemented extensive national reforms in business regulation, governance, and labor markets. New systems like the updated Investment Law and Commercial Registration Law, effective in 2025, are designed to boost investor confidence and support productivity gains.
• Economic Diversification Strategy
• A central pillar of Vision 2030 is diversifying the economy and reducing reliance on oil. The goal is to shift from being an oil exporter to building a knowledge-based economy driven by innovation.
• The National Industrial Development and Logistics Services Program (NIDLP) is a key executive program under Vision 2030 that explicitly includes the automotive industry (both traditional and electric vehicles) as a targeted sector for localization and growth.
• The Kingdom is actively working to attract investments and develop infrastructure to achieve this diversification.
• Key Sectors Driving Diversification
• Automotive Industry:
• Saudi Arabia aims to become a regional hub for vehicle manufacturing, especially electric vehicles, by 2030 and 2035. This involves massive industrial projects and strengthening local supply chains.
• The Public Investment Fund (PIF) plans to invest at least $35 billion in developing the EV industry by 2030, with allocations for manufacturing (50%), batteries (25%), and chips/spare parts (25%).
• Major Projects:
• King Salman Automotive Complex in King Abdullah Economic City is designed as a fully integrated center for automotive-related industries, supporting local manufacturing and increasing exports. It includes a highly automated manufacturing plant by Hyundai Motor (a joint venture with PIF) for EVs and engines, and an agreement with Pirelli for a tire factory.
• Ceer Motors, established in November 2022 as the first Saudi electric vehicle brand, is a partnership between PIF and Foxconn. Ceer aims to produce innovative electric vehicles focusing on sustainable mobility, electronic driving technologies, and autonomous driving. It’s expected to attract $150 million in direct foreign investment and contribute $8 billion (approx. 30 billion SAR) to GDP by 2034, creating 30,000 direct and indirect jobs. Its production goal is 170,000 vehicles annually by mid-next decade.
• Lucid Motors began local assembly operations in Jeddah in 2023, as a first step towards full production. Lucid’s investments alone exceed $3.4 billion for a factory in Jeddah with a production capacity of around 170,000 vehicles annually.
• Hyundai Motor is investing over $500 million to establish an advanced vehicle manufacturing plant in the Kingdom, with a capacity of 50,000 electric vehicles and engines annually.
• Localization: The Kingdom aims to produce 500,000 domestic cars annually by 2035, contrasting with its current import of over 800,000 cars annually. There’s a strong emphasis on localizing spare parts manufacturing, crucial for a sustainable national automotive industry.
• Infrastructure: Efforts include establishing an extensive network of 5,000 fast EV charging stations by 2030 through companies like “EVEC” and “Electromin”. Expected EV numbers in the Kingdom are projected to reach 400,000 by 2030.
• Human Capital: Addressing the shortage of skilled labor, initiatives include the National Academy for Cars and Vehicles (NAVA), specialized training programs, and academic grants, in partnership with universities and industry leaders, to build a skilled workforce in EV manufacturing and modern technologies. The role of Saudi women is highlighted as active partners in technical development, specializing in mechanical and electrical engineering, programming, AI, and material sciences, moving beyond mere users to active contributors in design, production, and innovation.
• Tourism Sector:
• Saudi Arabia is steadily progressing to become a global tourism destination under Vision 2030. The sector has seen a rise in visitor numbers, both domestic and international, driven by diverse attractions for nature lovers, cultural tourists, and heritage enthusiasts.
• This transformation goes beyond building resorts, focusing on integrated development of infrastructure and services, including airports, road networks, and logistics.
• Key mega-projects include NEOM (with its futuristic cities like The Line), Qiddiya (a global entertainment and sports destination), The Red Sea Project (a luxury ecological tourism model), and AlUla (blending historical depth with cultural innovation).
• Significant investment is also directed towards human capital development, training national cadres in hospitality, tourism guidance, and services to provide an authentic Saudi experience.
• Clean Industries and Green Initiatives:
• Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing green economic growth, with significant investments in clean industries. While China leads in clean factory investments (25%), Saudi Arabia is part of the “New Industrial Belt” of emerging markets that are rapidly approaching established industrial nations.
• These nations are leveraging abundant natural resources for solar energy production and competitive policies to foster new industrial processes.
• The “Clean Industry: Transformative Trends” report highlighted $1.6 trillion in announced clean industrial projects globally, with 59% of these investments located in “New Industrial Belt” countries.
• Environmentally friendly ammonia and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) are among the fastest-growing clean industries globally. Saudi Arabia is playing a significant role, with over 75% of planned green ammonia production facilities located in “New Industrial Belt” countries, indicating strong commercial opportunities.
• The Kingdom is committed to reducing carbon emissions, with a target of 50% reduction by 2030.
• The National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification is enhancing vegetation cover and combating desertification, exemplified by planting millions of trees and releasing over 1,200 wild animals of 24 species in 69 locations.
• Challenges
• Despite progress, challenges remain, including a shortage of specialized human competencies in automotive engineering and manufacturing.
• The industry still partially relies on imported batteries and raw materials.
• Intense international competition from established manufacturing centers like China and Europe poses a challenge.
• Environmental factors like high temperatures present technical challenges for testing and approving EV batteries.
• The slow pace of transitioning from the announcement phase to financial investment is a bottleneck, requiring a five-fold increase in investment and coordinated action from governments and financial institutions.
• Overall Outlook
• The Saudi economy is positioned as an “industrial project” and a “strategic choice” for economic diversification, capable of generating billions of dollars in non-oil GDP. The success of projects like Al-Qadisiyah in sports privatization is also highlighted as an economic success.
• The nation views its transition from an importer to a manufacturer and exporter as a powerful symbol of industrial and technological progress and independence.
• The leadership’s commitment, reflected in Vision 2030, emphasizes a holistic approach to development that serves human well-being, promotes a vibrant society, and builds a prosperous economy.

Saudi Women Drive Saudi Arabia’s Future

Saudi Arabia is undergoing a profound transformation, significantly driven by the empowerment of women, particularly within the framework of Vision 2030. This shift is redefining women’s roles, moving them from being mere consumers or users of modern technologies to becoming active and indispensable partners in the nation’s economic diversification and sustainable development.

Key aspects of women’s empowerment highlighted in the sources include:

• Pivotal Role in Economic Diversification and Sustainable Mobility:
• The decision to allow women to drive in 2018 marked a significant cultural and social shift, serving as a crucial entry point for expanding mobility options and fostering environmental awareness within the Kingdom.
• Saudi women are now actively involved in promoting sustainable transport initiatives, which includes the increasing adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles. This involvement is driven by a growing environmental consciousness and a desire to align with global innovations. Their active participation in awareness campaigns contributes directly to the national goal of reducing carbon emissions by 50% by 2030.
• Beyond simply using these technologies, women are now contributing to the design, production, and innovation aspects of the automotive sector, particularly in electric vehicles.
• Significant Contribution to Research and Development (R&D) and Advanced Technologies:
• There is a notable increase in the enrollment of female students in Saudi universities pursuing technical and engineering specializations, such as mechanical and electrical engineering, programming, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and material sciences. These institutions serve as vital incubators for nurturing female talent in critical areas.
• Female engineers and researchers are actively engaged in developing smart car projects, leading specialized teams, creating essential software, and enhancing energy efficiency within major companies.
• Furthermore, Saudi female entrepreneurs are establishing startups focused on innovative smart transport solutions, with some receiving international recognition and awards for their pioneering work in future technologies.
• Overcoming Societal and Cultural Barriers:
• The transformation has opened up technical and industrial sectors that were traditionally male-dominated, indicating a progressive evolution in societal attitudes. This shift is largely attributed to empowerment policies, widespread community awareness campaigns, and comprehensive legislative and regulatory reforms that ensure flexible and stimulating work environments for women.
• Women’s empowerment is recognized as a national priority, supported at the highest levels of the state, with their growing competence and leadership becoming a hallmark of the Kingdom’s overall progress. Their active participation is a feature of this new national phase, showcasing their capabilities in fields previously deemed inaccessible.
• Development of Human Capital:
• The Kingdom is making substantial investments in developing its human capital, training national cadres across various sectors. This includes initiatives like the National Academy for Cars and Vehicles (NAVA) and the “Wa’ed” program, which offer specialized training to cultivate a skilled workforce for the electric vehicle manufacturing sector.
• Impact on National Identity and Future:
• The involvement of women in strategic industries symbolizes Saudi Arabia’s commitment to industrial and technological progress and independence.
• It reinforces the vision of the Kingdom not merely as an importer of future technologies, but as a nation manufacturing its own future with its own hands, with women playing an integral role.
• This empowerment is viewed as a strategic choice vital for building an integrated national economy and a society where all individuals actively participate, extending beyond merely achieving justice or equality. The unique cultural and emotional depth brought by women is also highlighted as indispensable for preserving and shaping the nation’s identity, especially in areas that AI might struggle to fully comprehend or replicate, such as the cultural nuances of traditional practices like “Ardah” or the emotional depth of Nabati poetry.

In conclusion, women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia represents a holistic, state-supported transformation that strategically harnesses female talent and leadership to achieve ambitious national objectives in cutting-edge industries and sustainable development, while simultaneously fostering the evolution of societal norms and cultural perceptions.

The Calculated Game: Football’s Modern Transformation

The modern football season is undergoing a significant transformation, moving away from spontaneous play and individual flair towards a more calculated and highly tactical approach, driven by data and commercial interests.

Here’s a detailed discussion based on the provided sources:

• Evolution of Playstyle and Tactical Discipline
• Modern football has transitioned from a game based on spontaneous moments, natural emotions, and individual skills to one dominated by calculations and cold tactical thinking.
• Major European clubs increasingly rely on strict tactical systems that emphasize precise positioning, discipline, and rapid transitions.
• The influence of coaches like Pep Guardiola is highlighted, as his “positional play” style has, according to The Times, transformed players into “tools” within a “precise mechanical system,” leaving little room for improvisation or creative impulsiveness.
• This has led to many big matches resembling “chess games” – slow, analytical contests based on studying opponents’ movements and executing planned actions, rather than being moments charged with emotion or “madness”. This tactical rigidity is seen across many top coaches, not just Guardiola, creating systems that “swallow any opportunity for individual surprise or improvisation”.
• The Impact of Data and Analytics
• The reliance on data and analysis has become “suffocating” for the free artistic moment in football. Players are now trained to make “correct” decisions based on data, rather than following their instincts or taking risks.
• Clubs like Sweden’s Hammarby evaluate player performance using specific statistical metrics such as xG (expected goals), xGA (expected goals against), and xT (expected threat).
• This digital analysis has become a “decisive factor” in player evaluation, often at the expense of natural talent and artistic flair.
• The increasing use of data is linked to a significant decrease in successful individual dribbles in leagues like the English Premier League between 2010 and late 2023. This decline is attributed to data analysis deeming dribbling “ineffective” in many situations.
• Academies and Player Development
• Modern academies are no longer primarily focused on producing legendary “stars” known for their individual genius (like Ronaldinho or Maradona). Instead, they aim to develop “disciplined players capable of executing instructions precisely, as if they were precise machines”.
• European academies are described as “experimental labs” that prioritize modern technologies over raw talent.
• They heavily utilize technologies like GPS to track every step on the field, monitor heart rates, and employ multi-angle video analysis from platforms like Prozone or Opta. This transforms the “nursery of innate talent” into a “training lab and factory” that produces players who move with discipline in a large, mechanical system.
• This mentality has resulted in modern players being “subservient to the system,” losing the rebellious artistic quality that defined previous generations.
• Fan Engagement and Commercialization
• The sources indicate a decline in fan attendance, not only in major international tournaments like the Club World Cup (where some matches had very low attendance despite large stadium capacities) but also in major European leagues. A UEFA report suggests attendance figures have stagnated or slightly decreased post-COVID-19, indicating a “cooling relationship” between fans and the game.
• The commercial aspect has turned the fan-game relationship from an emotional one into a “consumeristic transaction,” making many fans feel like “customers” rather than “supporters”.
• High ticket prices are a significant concern, with a survey showing 72% of English Premier League fans finding prices “unreasonable”.
• The pressures from broadcast rights and marketing lead to fixture congestion, resulting in high injury rates, player exhaustion, and fans feeling “satiated” rather than excited. For example, Manchester City played 61 matches in the 2022/23 season, nearly one match every five days.
• Al-Qadisiyah: A Case Study of Success through Modern Approaches
• In contrast to the broader trends, the Al-Qadisiyah football club achieved a “golden season” in 2024-2025, marking its best-ever performance in the professional league with 68 points and 21 wins.
• Their success was built on balanced offensive power (53 goals scored, ranking sixth in the league) and a strong defense (conceding only 31 goals, the lowest in the league, with 15 clean sheets).
• The club also made history by reaching the King’s Cup final for the first time, demonstrating their readiness for major championships.
• Al-Qadisiyah’s success is presented as a “successful and inspiring model” of sports privatization in the Kingdom, showing how professional management and institutional support can lead to significant breakthroughs and shape a brighter future for the club and Saudi sports. The club also saw significant fan attendance, being the fifth-highest in the Roshn League.
• The Influence of Star Players on Society
• Football stars are acknowledged as important influencers and role models in society.
• However, there’s concern among parents about negative behaviors exhibited by some stars, which young fans may imitate, including hairstyles and clothing.
• The importance of behavioral discipline for players, both on and off the field, is emphasized due to their emotional connection with fans.
• The article highlights the need for athletes’ conduct to reflect Saudi society’s conservative nature, as some behaviors accepted internationally might be considered inappropriate locally. There’s a call for clubs to enforce strict behavioral guidelines for their players.

In conclusion, the modern football season is characterized by a tension between the drive for tactical precision and commercial success, and the traditional values of spontaneous play, individual talent, and passionate fan engagement. While data-driven strategies and disciplined academies are shaping a new type of player, leading to concerns about the “soul” of the game, clubs like Al-Qadisiyah demonstrate that success can still be achieved, partly through modern management and financial support. The societal influence of star players also underscores the need for ethical conduct within this evolving landscape.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision for Wealth Growth and Diversification

Wealth growth is a complex phenomenon influenced by various economic, social, and technological factors. Recent global trends indicate a significant increase in individual wealth, though its distribution and driving forces vary by region.

Here’s a discussion of wealth growth based on the provided sources:

1. Global Trends in Individual Wealth Growth Globally, the wealth of individuals has shown a notable increase, rising by 4.6% to approximately $470 trillion in 2024, building on a 4.2% growth in 2023. However, this growth is not uniform across all regions. North America experienced the largest surge, exceeding 11%, primarily propelled by robust stock market performance and a strong dollar. In contrast, regions such as Europe, Africa, and the Middle East observed a significantly slower growth rate of merely 0.4%. Switzerland leads in terms of average individual wealth per adult, reaching about $687,000 in 2024, followed by the United States with $620,654 and Hong Kong at around $601,000. Germany, despite being the world’s third-largest economy, ranked 19th with an average wealth of $257,000 per individual.

2. Saudi Arabia’s Economic Resilience and Strategic Vision for Growth The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing a strategy to enhance its economic growth and diversify its income sources beyond oil, primarily through Vision 2030. The Ministry of Finance has welcomed reports from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that affirm the Saudi economy’s high flexibility in confronting global economic shocks and highlight the expansion of non-oil sector activities. This is supported by strong domestic demand driven by ongoing Vision projects and substantial public and private investments, alongside robust credit growth. Efforts to maintain inflation at stable, historically low levels (around 2% in April 2025) through the Riyal’s peg to the US dollar, continued government support, and reduced costs in transportation and communication also contribute to economic stability. The Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) plays a crucial role in enhancing liquidity management and strengthening regulatory frameworks, which are vital for economic health and investor confidence. Since 2016, the Kingdom has implemented extensive reforms in business regulation, governance, and labor markets, including a modernized investment law and a new commercial registration law, aiming to boost productivity and sustain non-oil sector growth. These structural reforms are a key priority to achieve Vision 2030’s goals.

3. The Automotive Industry as a Core Driver of Future Wealth The automotive sector, especially electric vehicles (EVs), is identified as a major investment area to double its size by 2030, with an anticipated growth rate of 12% annually. The Public Investment Fund (PIF) plans to invest at least $35 billion in EV development by 2030, allocating 50% to manufacturing, 25% to batteries, and 25% to chips and auto parts. Saudi Arabia aims to become a regional hub for car manufacturing, targeting 500,000 locally produced vehicles annually by 2035. This ambitious goal contrasts with the current import rate of over 800,000 cars annually, underscoring the shift from a consumer market to a manufacturing and exporting nation.

Significant developments in this sector include:

• Ceer Motors: The first Saudi EV brand (a joint venture between PIF and Foxconn) aims to produce around 170,000 EVs annually by mid-next decade, contributing $8 billion to non-oil GDP by 2034 and creating 30,000 direct and indirect jobs.
• Lucid Motors: Backed by PIF investments, Lucid began local assembly in 2023 and plans to produce up to 150,000 cars annually in Saudi Arabia. Its success is highlighted as a testament to Saudi Arabia’s attractiveness for investors.
• Hyundai Motor Joint Venture: An investment exceeding $500 million aims for an annual production of 50,000 vehicles, including EVs and traditional engines.
• Infrastructure and Supply Chains: PIF’s portfolio includes building a network of 5,000 fast-charging points for EVs by 2030, with global companies also announcing substantial investments in charging and service infrastructure. The localization of component manufacturing, including batteries and electronic chips, is deemed crucial for the industry’s sustainable success.

4. Human Capital and Innovation as Foundations for Wealth Saudi Arabia is heavily investing in human capital to support these industrial ambitions. This includes:

• Specialized Training: Initiatives like the National Academy for Cars and Vehicles (NAVA) and various training programs in collaboration with national academies are providing specialized education and scholarships in fields like mechanical and electrical engineering, AI, and material sciences.
• Women’s Empowerment: The empowerment of women is a strategic pillar of Vision 2030, transforming them from technology users to active partners in design, production, and innovation. The decision to allow women to drive in 2018 was a significant social shift that expanded mobility and fostered environmental awareness. Women are increasingly pursuing technical specializations in universities and are involved in developing smart car projects, leading teams, and establishing innovative startups in sustainable transport. Their growing competence and leadership in traditionally male-dominated sectors are now a hallmark of the Kingdom’s progress. This reflects a holistic, state-supported transformation that harnesses female talent for national objectives and societal evolution.

5. Challenges and Outlook While the vision is ambitious, challenges remain, including partial reliance on imported batteries and raw materials despite advancements in lithium extraction. Intense international competition from established manufacturing hubs like China and Europe also poses a significant hurdle. The shortage of specialized human competencies in automotive engineering and manufacturing is acknowledged, necessitating continued investment in training and academic partnerships. Despite these challenges, the Kingdom’s financial capacity, strategic geographical location, and attractive local market (with a high vehicle replacement rate) provide strong foundations for success.

In conclusion, Saudi Arabia’s wealth growth strategy is underpinned by a comprehensive national vision that prioritizes economic diversification, large-scale industrial projects (especially in EVs), significant investment in advanced technologies, and the strategic development and empowerment of its human capital, particularly women. This holistic approach aims not only to increase national wealth but also to establish the Kingdom as a global leader in future-oriented industries.

Saudi Vision and Global Perspectives: A Newspaper’s View

Here are the columns identified in the newspaper, along with two paragraphs of detail for each:

1. Column: “كلمة” (Word)

• Author: Not explicitly named, appears to be an editorial.

1. This editorial discusses the recent conflict between Iran and Israel, highlighting its potential to be a significant turning point in the region, particularly concerning the Iranian nuclear program. It notes the contrasting statements from the United States, which claims the program ended, and Iran, which asserts it evacuated nuclear sites before the strike.
2. The column emphasizes the clear and consistent stance of the Gulf states, led by Saudi Arabia, in advocating for dialogue and diplomatic solutions to avoid the widespread destruction that war inevitably brings. Despite the reliance on force during the conflict, Saudi Arabia’s leadership, through the Crown Prince and Minister of Foreign Affairs, continued efforts to return parties to the negotiation table, underscoring that war is never a viable option for resolving crises and that reason and logic should prevail.
3. Column: “وضوح الموقف” (Clarity of Stance)

• Author: Hani Wafa (هاني وفا).

1. This column reports on the Saudi Ministry of Finance’s positive reception of the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) 2025 report, which affirmed the Saudi economy’s high flexibility in confronting global economic shocks. The report highlights the expansion of non-oil sector activities and the success in maintaining inflation at stable, historically low levels (around 2.3% in April 2025), with unemployment rates aligning with Vision 2030 targets.
2. The column further praises the government’s efforts in enhancing public financial sustainability and resilience, driven by strong domestic demand from ongoing Vision 2030 projects and substantial public and private investments, along with robust credit growth. The IMF also commended the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) for its role in liquidity management and strengthening regulatory frameworks, emphasizing that extensive reforms since 2016 in business regulation, governance, and labor markets are crucial for boosting productivity and sustaining non-oil sector growth towards Vision 2030’s goals.
3. Column: “انعكاس” (Reflection)

• Author: Ibrahim Al-Wafi Awadah bin Ali Al-Dosi (إبراهيم الوافي عوضة بن علي الدوسي).

1. This column reflects on Saudi Arabia’s progress towards a diversified, knowledge-based economy, moving beyond oil dependency, as outlined in Vision 2030. The author highlights the nation’s deep connection to its cultural heritage, emphasizing how events like the “Founding Day” (Yom Baddina) reinforce national identity across generations and lay the groundwork for a future that intertwines tradition with innovation. This holistic approach is seen as generating new economic opportunities, particularly in global tourism, as the Kingdom transforms from a consumer market into a manufacturing and exporting nation.
2. The column asserts that Vision 2030 is more than an economic plan; it’s a comprehensive national project that fosters societal engagement in cultural production and deepens authentic values. It showcases the Kingdom’s commitment to building high-tech, value-added industries, enhancing self-reliance, and attracting international investment, thereby establishing Saudi Arabia as a significant industrial player globally. The author concludes that the Vision’s success lies in its ability to empower its people and transform the Kingdom into a pioneering force in sustainable development, where cultural richness complements technological advancement.
3. Column: “بكين.. تقف على أطالل امرئ القيس” (Beijing.. Standing on the Ruins of Imru’ al-Qays)

• Author: Dr. Abdul Raouf Al-Khawfi (د. عبدالرؤوف الخوفي).

1. This column celebrates the cultural exchange between Saudi Arabia and China, marked by Saudi Arabia’s participation in the Beijing International Book Fair. The author reflects on the timeless power of literature and poetry to connect diverse cultures, emphasizing that human creativity transcends linguistic barriers to express shared emotions and values. The column asserts that Arabic poetry, from ancient to modern times, embodies an authentic voice that resonates globally, embodying the historical and cultural depth of the Arab identity.
2. The piece highlights the transformative role of translation in making Saudi and Arabic literary works accessible to a global audience, allowing for a deeper understanding of Arab thought and emotion. It discusses how poets, through their creative evolution, have reshaped Saudi poetry to a universal appeal, bridging classical traditions with modern expressions. The column concludes that such cultural engagements are invaluable opportunities to showcase Saudi Arabia’s rich heritage and its commitment to fostering global understanding through the power of its literary and artistic traditions.
3. Column: “هل المكتوب تواصل هش؟” (Is Written Communication Fragile?)

• Author: Ali bin Ahmed Balaid (علي بن أحمد بالبيد).

1. This column delves into the philosophical and linguistic debate surrounding the nature of written communication, particularly its perceived fragility compared to the immediacy of spoken language. Citing linguists like Maingueneau and Eco, the author explores the idea that written text, detached from the speaker’s presence, behaves like a “fragile communication” or a “message in a bottle,” with meaning largely shaped by the reader’s interpretation rather than the author’s original intent.
2. However, the column challenges this notion, arguing that written communication is not merely passive documentation but an active force capable of “recreating the world” and holding significant power. It asserts that the author’s memory and background remain crucial for interpretation, and that written “illocutionary acts” can convey impactful messages even if not instantaneous. The author advocates for recognizing the human dimension embedded in texts, rejecting a view that divorces written language from its historical and subjective context.
3. Column: “ثورة أدب” (Literature Revolution)

• Author: Riyadh Al-Hariri (رياض الحريري).

1. This column addresses the profound transformations reshaping Arabic culture, positioned between its deep heritage and the pressures of global digital dominance. It raises critical questions about the decline of traditional cultural practices like reading and the rise of ephemeral digital content, asking what aspects of culture can be reclaimed and redefined in this new era. The author asserts that literature and culture are not luxuries but are fundamental to human existence and national identity, acting as “projects” that define and develop society.
2. The column passionately argues that culture, much like oil, should be “manufactured” and “exported” as a soft power, capable of reshaping consciousness and narratives in the human sphere. The author expresses optimism that Saudi Arabia is actively redefining its image, moving beyond past stereotypes by crafting its own narrative through creative expression. This vision aims to establish the Kingdom as a future cultural hub, valuing language, heritage, and genuine human engagement as its true capital.
3. Column: “الغيرة الشعرية” (Poetic Jealousy)

• Author: Dr. Fahd Ibrahim Al-Bakr (د. فهد إبراهيم البكر).

1. This column delves into the intriguing concept of “poetic jealousy” among poets, defining it not as a negative emotion but as an admiration for another’s poetry that inspires a desire to have composed those verses oneself. The author posits that this form of jealousy is commendable as it fosters creativity, encourages healthy competition, and indicates a sophisticated critical sensibility among poets. It suggests that engaging with others’ poetry through this lens leads to the enrichment of meanings, ideas, and imagery within their own work.
2. The column provides historical anecdotes to illustrate this phenomenon, citing instances where renowned poets like Katheer and Jarir expressed wishes to have written certain verses composed by their contemporaries. These examples highlight how poetic jealousy, rather than hindering creativity, actually served as a catalyst for artistic excellence and the careful selection of the highest quality verses, contributing to the continuous evolution of Arabic poetry.
3. Column: “سيمفونية العقل الإنساني” (Symphony of the Human Mind)

• Author: Rawan Sulaiman Al-Wabel (روان سليمان الوابل).

1. This column explores the intricate nature of the human mind, likening it to a symphony that transcends physical limitations and seeks meaning through both suffering and genius. It posits that the mind is not merely a tool for understanding the world but a language through which individuals comprehend themselves, acting as an architect of existence that transforms contradictions into logic and chaos into order. The author emphasizes that while the mind is intangible, its effectiveness is measured by its outcomes, functioning like a musical instrument played by thoughts, emotions, and decisions.
2. The column delves into how the mind develops from early experiences, learning to interpret and re-contextualize information, transforming sensory input into analytical thought. It discusses the interplay between emotion and intellect, asserting that understanding and wisdom emerge from accumulated knowledge and internal refinement. The author concludes by highlighting the unique nature of each individual’s mind, which operates on different “notes” of thought and feeling, ultimately advocating for a harmonious blend of intellect and emotion, where the male and female minds complement each other to complete the “symphony” of human experience.
3. Column: “التأمل اللغوية أنا موجود أم متواجد؟!” (Linguistic Reflection: Am I “Mawjood” or “Mutawajid”?)

• Author: Dr. Nagwa Al-Kahlout (د. نجوى الكحلوت).

1. This column examines a prominent linguistic debate in Arabic concerning the correct usage of “mawjud” (موجود, meaning present or existing) versus “mutawajid” (متواجد, meaning showing emotion or presence of self). The author explains that “mutawajid” historically derives from “wajd” (وجد), signifying intense emotion, grief, or love, and was used by Sufis to express spiritual ecstasy. Traditionally, classical linguists and the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo have deemed its use for physical presence incorrect, advocating for “mawjud”.
2. However, the column acknowledges that in contemporary usage, especially in media and everyday language, “mutawajid” has become widely accepted to mean “present” or “existing in a place”. The author offers a pragmatic “linguistic solution” by outlining three levels of understanding: the classical (where “mutawajid” strictly denotes emotion), the modern standard (preferring “mawjud” in formal and academic contexts), and the contemporary practical (accepting “mutawajid” for physical presence due to its widespread adoption). The column suggests that “mutawajid” can be justified as an evolving term that implies an active or intended presence, reflecting a metaphorical or semantic shift in the language.
3. Column: “نسقنا الروائي بين الثقافة والصحافة” (Our Narrative System Between Culture and Journalism)

• Author: Dr. Abdullah bin Mohammed Al-Omari (د. عبدالله بن محمد العمري).

1. This column discusses the formation of a modern narrative system in Saudi Arabia, particularly concerning the novel, shaped by various cultural and journalistic initiatives. The author highlights the coordinated efforts of key institutions like the King Abdulaziz Foundation, the Ministry of Culture, the Literature, Publishing and Translation Authority, and the General Entertainment Authority, which have collectively elevated the novel’s status and integrated it into a broader cultural framework. This unified approach has led to significant developments, including the establishment of literary awards like the “Golden Pen” and the adaptation of winning novels into cinematic works, showcasing the dynamic evolution of the Saudi narrative scene.
2. The column argues that this new narrative system necessitates a re-evaluation of critical tools, demanding more comprehensive and precise analytical approaches to keep pace with the evolving literary landscape. It emphasizes that the novel, within this contemporary framework, acts as a powerful tool for influence and construction, attracting diverse creative endeavors and serving as a central point for human expression. The author suggests that this transformation reflects a deep engagement with Saudi culture, embracing renewal and depth in both form and content.
3. Column: “العرّاف” (The Soothsayer)

• Author: Hussein Al-Harbi (حسين الحربي).

1. This column is presented as a poetic piece, with the author, Hussein Al-Harbi, writing in a lyrical and metaphorical style. The opening lines evoke a sense of yearning and deep emotion, with verses such as “You ask me: have you transgressed your limit?” and “And you pour perfume in the precincts of my kingdom, and we thirst for love until you quench us”. The poem explores themes of love, hidden secrets, and the enduring power of poetry to bring joy and eternal bonds.
2. The verses further speak to the passage of time and the transient nature of companions, contrasting it with the enduring essence of love and poetry that rejuvenates the spirit. The poem appears to be a dialogue between the poet and an unnamed questioner, reflecting on the profound impact of poetic expression and the internal struggles of the heart. It is a highly evocative and philosophical piece that uses rich imagery to convey deep emotional and existential questions.
3. Column: “هل “السرد المصور” من أجناس “السرد الأدبي”؟” (Is “Illustrated Narrative” a Genre of “Literary Narrative”?)

• Authors: Abdul Jabbar Al-Khalouwi (عبدالجبار الخليوي) and Jalaa Al-Rabiaan (جلاء الربيعان).

1. This column investigates the evolving landscape of narrative forms, specifically addressing whether “illustrated narrative” (such as comics or graphic novels) should be categorized as a legitimate genre of literary narrative. The authors initially express skepticism, associating illustrated narrative with children’s books, but then detail their shift in perspective. They acknowledge that illustrated narrative effectively uses both static and dynamic images to convey stories without extensive text, functioning as a complete dramatic scene.
2. The column argues that illustrated narratives, like traditional literary forms, possess a coherent plot, discernible setting (visually inferred), and character development (through visual representation). It emphasizes the interactive and interpretive role of the recipient, similar to reading a written or audio text, by leveraging visual elements, symbolism, and sequential progression. The authors conclude that illustrated narrative represents a contemporary genre reflecting the significant evolution of expression in the visual age, demonstrating how images can sometimes convey meaning and evoke emotions more powerfully than words alone.
3. Column: “الشخصّية القاعدّية في التوجيه التراثي (١)” (The Basic Personality in Heritage Guidance (1))

• Author: Dr. Sawsan Al-Otaibi (د. سوسن العتيبي).

1. This column introduces the concept of “basic personality,” a methodological framework from the early 20th century, notably by Mead and Benedict, linking psychology and anthropology. This concept aims to identify common psychological structures among individuals within a culture, which are shaped by their upbringing to represent that culture, thus serving as educational goals. The author explains that this framework helps understand cultural development by recognizing how culture guides individuals towards specific “personality” traits that reinforce societal institutions based on dominant cultural patterns.
2. The column explores how the “basic personality” evolved through Islamic eras, influenced by different environments, serving as a guiding model manifested in literature, poetry, and the emulation of historical figures. It discusses its use by scholars like Sa’id bin Sa’id Al-Alawi to explain the value of “work” in Islamic discourse and to clarify the “basic personality” as a formative force within diverse Islamic societies. The author emphasizes that this concept embodies virtues like chivalry, openness to knowledge, and a blend of theoretical and practical intellect, drawing inspiration from both Arab and Greek wisdom to achieve “beneficial knowledge” that is put into practice.
3. Column: “إلهام وحمى المعرفة” (Inspiration and the Fever of Knowledge)

• Author: Musa’ad Al-Otaimi (مساعد العصيمي).

1. This column explores the relentless human pursuit of knowledge, likening it to a “fever” that has driven humanity since its creation. The author argues that an individual’s quest for knowledge is a source of pleasure and gratification, forming interconnected cycles of intellectual discourse within society. It highlights the crucial role of cultural elites in refining raw knowledge and transmitting it, preventing isolation and ensuring communal engagement, particularly within the context of Arab culture and knowledge.
2. The column delves into philosophical perspectives on knowledge, citing Plato’s belief in reason as the path to absolute truth and the World of Forms, where knowledge is uncorrupted and unchanging. It contrasts this with sensory perception, which Plato viewed as deceptive, and integrates the Islamic philosophical perspective that senses provide initial knowledge which must be refined by reason. Ultimately, the column reaffirms that knowledge is a social harvest, accumulated through historical heritage and a continuous quest for connection with oneself and the world, emphasizing that individuals with their intellect and innovations are, and will remain, the primary source of knowledge.
3. Column: “عابر سبيل” (Passerby)

• Author: Dr. Malhah Abdullah (د. ملحة عبدالله).

1. This column reflects on the continuous progress of Saudi Arabia, emphasizing optimism and stability under its wise leadership amidst a turbulent global environment. The author asserts that Saudi Arabia’s clear vision, specifically Vision 2030, has liberated the nation from debilitating uncertainty, ensuring a prosperous future where aspirations are transformed into reality. The column highlights that the Kingdom views each passing year not as aging, but as a step forward in advancement, with its events and pace driven by a forward-thinking leadership.
2. The column underscores that Vision 2030 is fundamentally dedicated to serving humanity, fostering not only economic growth but also nurturing culture, arts, sciences, and literature. It portrays Saudi Arabia as a unified and harmonious entity, where national identity is beautifully expressed and deep-rooted ethics and loyalty to leadership ensure resilience against external divisions. The author concludes with a patriotic message, expressing gratitude for the nation’s security and prosperity, and unwavering faith in its continuous journey towards a stable and bright future.
3. Column: “معادلة »السياحة« من الطموح إلى الواقع” (The Tourism Equation: From Ambition to Reality)

• Author: Mohammed Al-Haidar (محمد الحيدر).

1. This column discusses Saudi Arabia’s significant transformation into a global tourism destination, driven by the ambitious Vision 2030 and strong government support from the Ministry of Tourism and the Saudi Tourism Authority. The author notes that this is not merely a theoretical plan but a tangible movement across the Kingdom, marked by a surge in both domestic and international visitors, signifying the success of these efforts. The diversification of tourist attractions, from historical sites to nature and environmental destinations, is drawing a broad spectrum of travelers and enhancing the Kingdom’s overall appeal.
2. The column highlights that this tourism transformation involves a comprehensive approach beyond just building resorts, focusing on developing smart infrastructure, improving services, and enhancing the visitor experience from arrival to departure. It mentions flagship projects like NEOM, Qiddiya, The Red Sea Project, and AlUla, which integrate future cities, entertainment, luxury eco-tourism, and historical depth. Furthermore, the column stresses investment in human capital through training national cadres in hospitality and tourism guidance, ensuring an authentic Saudi hospitality experience.
3. Column: “الحدث السياسي وفوضى تلقي الأخبار” (The Political Event and the Chaos of News Reception)

• Author: Dr. Abdulaziz Al-Yousef (د. عبدالعزيز اليوسف).

1. This column addresses the critical challenges of consuming political news in an era of rapid information flow and geopolitical tensions, particularly amidst conflicts and wars. The author stresses the urgent need for deep and systematic awareness in processing news, as not all information disseminated is accurate or objectively presented. He describes the contemporary media landscape as chaotic, characterized by a continuous stream of urgent news, visual content, and dramatic footage, which can lead to mental exhaustion and misinterpretations for the audience.
2. The column proposes “reception ethics” for engaging with political news, advocating for critical behaviors beyond mere emotional reaction. These ethics include verifying sources, understanding historical and geographical context, avoiding sensationalism, and distinguishing between opinion and factual reporting. The author advises following independent sources, relying on official reports, avoiding conclusions based on single videos, and cultivating a critical sensibility to read between the lines and deconstruct media language, while also addressing the psychological impact of shocking news by limiting exposure and seeking support.
3. Column: “رقـمـيـة” (Digital)

• Author: M. Hani Al-Ghafeeli (م. هاني الغفيلي).

1. This column discusses the profound shift in modern warfare, asserting that conflicts no longer commence with a military strike but rather with an “electronic invasion” of the digital space. The author notes that in the digital era, media has transformed from a mere tool accompanying military operations into an independent and powerful platform, often more impactful than physical weaponry itself. He cites recent conflicts between Iran and Israel as prime examples, where intense digital media campaigns, including accounts, videos, and directed content, accompany every military escalation.
2. The column highlights that digital platforms have become actual battlegrounds, with social media flooded by content promoting each side’s “victory narrative,” frequently involving fabricated material, leaked intelligence, or dramatic footage designed for strong emotional impact. Government accounts now recognize the strategic importance of digital media in these conflicts, crafting messages in the audience’s language, published instantly with visuals to create immediate psychological effects. The author warns that in this new form of warfare, every user becomes a potential disseminator of information, and even ordinary individuals can significantly influence public sentiment with a single tweet or image, making digital war media more lethal than ever.
3. Column: “عيادة الكلى والمسالك البولية” (Kidney and Urinary Tract Clinic)

• Author: Dr. Saleh bin Saleh (أ. د. صالح بن صالح).

1. This column explains the physiological process of urination, highlighting its role in eliminating excess water, salts, and minerals from the body and serving as a general indicator of health. The author details how the urinary system purifies bodily fluids and states that changes in urination frequency, volume, color, or accompanying pain can signal underlying health issues requiring medical consultation. The column also addresses polyuria (frequent urination), where individuals experience a constant urge despite low urine volume, noting that a healthy adult bladder typically holds 350-450 ml, with normal daily output around 2 liters over up to eight times.
2. The column outlines various causes of frequent urination, including diabetes, pregnancy, prostate enlargement, bladder inflammation, diuretic medications, neurological disorders, and bladder tumors. It also identifies high fluid intake, caffeine, and psychological stress (anxiety) as contributing factors. For treatment, the column emphasizes addressing the root cause, such as blood sugar control for diabetics, reducing intake of diuretic foods/drinks, avoiding water before bed, bladder retraining exercises, and sometimes medication for an overactive bladder. It advises immediate medical attention for symptoms like blood in urine, abnormal urine color, painful urination, or lower abdominal/thigh pain, also briefly touching on chronic non-bacterial prostatitis and fertility issues.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision: Economy, Culture, and Green Future

Here are the main headings from the sources, each followed by two paragraphs of detailed information, with important parts bolded and sources cited:

1. # كلـمة

The article discusses a twenty-day war between Iran and Israel, which was open to all political and military expectations and possibilities. This conflict, exacerbated by the goals of both parties and the resulting tension, raised questions about its potential outcomes and wider implications. The war had the potential to be a turning point for the region, particularly concerning the Iranian nuclear program. While the United States claims the program has ended, Iran asserts the opposite, stating it evacuated nuclear sites before the American strike, creating a state of tension between the two narratives until the full picture emerges.

During this period, the Saudi Gulf stance was unequivocally clear, primarily advocating for dialogue and understandings to avoid war, embracing diplomacy as the victor. It was observed that war leads only to ruin and destruction, failing to heed reason or logic. Despite this, Saudi Arabia’s efforts did not cease, with calls made by the Crown Prince to regional and global leaders, alongside the Foreign Minister’s movements under the leadership’s directives, urging a return to negotiation tables to prevent the continuation of war. The source emphasizes that war has never been an option to end crises, often exacerbating them, and that solutions founded on reason and logic should be prioritized for resolving problems and differing viewpoints.

2. # نحو المستقبل

Saudi Arabia is striving to become a regional hub for the automotive industry, especially for electric vehicles, by 2030 and 2035. This ambition is pursued through massive industrial projects and the enhancement of local supply chains. The development of the automotive industry in the Kingdom aligns with the goals of Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and reduce its reliance on oil.

The Kingdom is confidently progressing towards an industrial future as part of a long-term vision for transportation, which includes establishing a variety of national and international companies, developing smart infrastructure, and strengthening national capabilities. Despite existing challenges, such as reliance on imported batteries and raw materials and intense international competition from manufacturing centers in China and Europe, Saudi Arabia believes these challenges can be overcome through abundant resources, strong partnerships with global entities, continuous development, and financial support.

3. # اقتصادنا.. مرن وقادر على مواجهة التحديات

The Ministry of Finance welcomed the concluding statement by the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) experts regarding the 2025 Article IV consultations with the Kingdom. This statement affirmed the high resilience of the Saudi economy in confronting global economic shocks, noting the expansion of non-oil sector activities, the containment of inflation, and the historically low unemployment rates, all aligning with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 objectives.

The IMF experts praised the government’s efforts in strengthening public financial sustainability and resilience against shocks, and highlighted the continued strong domestic demand supporting economic growth despite global uncertainty. This is attributed to the Kingdom’s ongoing implementation of Vision 2030 projects, driven by public and private investments, and robust credit growth. The statement also indicated that the Kingdom successfully contained inflation, which reached 2.3% in April 2025 with only a slight increase, and is expected to remain stable near 2%. This stability is linked to the Riyal’s peg to the US dollar, continued government support, lower transport and communication costs, and a slowdown in residential rental inflation.

4. # صناعة السيارات استثمار واعد

Vision 2030 has initiated numerous impactful programs and initiatives aimed at localizing the automotive sector and its components in Saudi Arabia, to enhance economic flexibility and national security. These efforts are designed to cultivate a conducive environment for sustainable growth, attracting and securing the necessary fundamental elements to generate new value. This strategy is projected to significantly increase investment in this vital sector, with an anticipated growth rate of 12% by 2030.

Official reports and data suggest that the Public Investment Fund (PIF) intends to invest at least $35 billion in developing the electric vehicle industry by 2030. This investment is allocated with 50% for manufacturing, 25% for batteries, and 25% for chips and spare parts. Additionally, the Kingdom is increasing government spending and support on developing assembly plants, expanding the qualification of specialized labor, establishing training and research centers required by the sector to attract more skilled workers, and completing the essential industrial infrastructure to draw industrial investments in the automotive sector, both domestically and internationally.

5. # السيارات صناعة

The Saudi Arabian automotive market holds a prominent position in the region, ranking first with a 37% share in the Middle East and North Africa. This strong market serves as a strategic enabler and motivator for the Vision 2030 success in localizing this industry and achieving self-sufficiency. The Kingdom aims to become a pivotal regional center for automotive manufacturing and a leader in innovative, environmentally friendly vehicle solutions.

Saudi Arabia targets producing at least 500,000 local vehicles by 2035, noting that it currently imports over 800,000 vehicles annually. Modern studies estimate the market size, including the spare parts and maintenance sector, to exceed 40 billion Saudi Riyals annually. The King Salman Automotive Industrial Complex in King Abdullah Economic City is a foundational hub for integrated automotive industries in the Kingdom, vital for the future of sustainable transport. This complex is expected to significantly contribute to supporting local industry, increasing the Kingdom’s regional and global exports, fostering regional development, and providing a supportive investment environment and incentives for the private sector as a partner, supplier, and investor in the automotive sector and its related services.

6. # المرأة والتنقل المستدام

Since the decision to allow women to drive in 2018, Saudi Arabia has undergone a qualitative transformation in its transportation culture. This issue extends beyond merely granting women the right to drive; it has served as a gateway to expanding transportation options and fostering a pioneering environmental awareness within society. Saudi women now play a leading role in promoting sustainable transportation concepts, including the use of electric vehicles, favoring shared transport, and participating in awareness campaigns to reduce carbon emissions.

A prominent manifestation of this role is the growing interest among Saudi women in purchasing electric and hybrid vehicles, driven by factors such as environmental awareness, cost savings, and the desire to keep pace with the latest innovations. This shift is a significant indicator of a cultural transition from mere luxury consumption to engaging with global issues like climate change. Saudi female influencers actively use digital platforms like Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok to promote content encouraging the use of clean transport and discussing the benefits and experiences of electric vehicles, as well as participating in environmental and sustainable energy forums.

7. # إنجازات تتخطى التحديات تطوير تقنية المركبات الخضراء والكفاءة البيئية

Saudi Arabia aims to become a regional hub for the automotive industry, particularly electric vehicles, by 2030 and 2035. This objective is being pursued through massive industrial projects and the strengthening of local supply chains. The focus on automotive manufacturing within the Kingdom is aligned with the Vision 2030 goals to diversify the economy and reduce reliance on oil.

The Kingdom is confidently moving towards an industrial future, envisioning a long-term transportation strategy that includes establishing various national and international companies, building smart infrastructure, and enhancing national capabilities. Despite existing challenges, such as dependence on imported batteries and raw materials, and intense international competition, the abundance of resources, strong global partnerships, and continuous development are seen as overcoming factors. A key challenge remains the shortage of skilled talent and expertise, despite the establishment of academies and training programs, indicating a continued need for specialized and professional labor.

8. # التنقل المستدام بعيون سعودية

Amidst the significant economic and social transformations in Saudi Arabia, driven by the ambitious Vision 2030 towards change and modernization, the automotive industry has become a vital sector. It is seen not merely as a means of transport, but as an indicator of the national economy’s capacity to keep pace with the future, aiming to diversify income sources, achieve environmental sustainability, and foster innovation across various fields. Saudi roads are not just preparing to welcome new vehicles, but for the birth of an integrated local industry, producing smart electric vehicles powered by clean energy, integrated with a promising environmental and technological system.

At the core of this transformation, Saudi women are confidently and passionately taking a leading role. They are moving beyond their traditional roles as mere users or consumers of modern technologies to become active partners in design, effective contributors to production, and ambassadors for change in sustainable transport culture. This significant shift did not occur in a vacuum; it is a result of methodical changes supported by the Saudi leadership, emphasizing the empowerment of women academically, professionally, and economically, creating a new environment that enables them to be an integral part of the upcoming industrial renaissance in mobility.

9. # نقلة استراتيجية في االقتصاد السعودي

The strategic societal dimension of the automotive industry in Saudi Arabia transcends mere economic and technical aspects, encompassing its positive impact on society, opportunities, the environment, and national identity. This makes the sector a crucial tool for achieving comprehensive and sustainable development. It is a vital pillar for realizing Vision 2030 goals, with strategic dimensions that directly and indirectly affect society.

Key impacts include providing job opportunities for Saudis and localizing employment, which contributes to reducing unemployment rates. This promising industrial sector creates diverse work opportunities in manufacturing, engineering, maintenance, marketing, and logistics services. It also supports the empowerment of national competencies, education, and vocational and technical training in automotive-related engineering and industrial technologies, encouraging youth engagement in engineering specializations and industrial innovation. Furthermore, it aids in diversifying the economy and reducing reliance on oil.

10. # التحول نحو مستقبل مستدام

At the heart of Saudi Arabia’s ambitious Vision 2030 lies a steadfast commitment to transform its economy from one dependent on hydrocarbon resources into a sustainable industrial and developmental power. This radical transformation is more than just economic diversification; it is a profound investment in a future that merges advanced local manufacturing power with a serious dedication to environmental health and the future of our green planet.

The Kingdom’s focus on high-value-added industries, driven by a strong desire to develop and empower young national talents to be the driving force of this change, opens unprecedented investment horizons for both local and foreign capital. From this vision, the “Ceer” project emerges as a living symbol of this ambition, embodying the Kingdom’s commitment to building a prosperous future—technologically, environmentally, and humanly.

11. # سير السعودية.. انطالقة عمالقة نحو المستقبل األخضر

In an unprecedented strategic move, Saudi Arabia reaffirms its commitment to diversifying and strengthening its economy under the ambitious Vision 2030. “Ceer” company is poised to unveil its first two electric car models by the last quarter of 2025. This launch marks a turning point in the Kingdom’s industrial journey, signaling the dawn of a new era for the electric vehicle industry in the region.

“Ceer,” launched in late 2022 as the first Saudi electric vehicle brand supported by the Public Investment Fund, aims to establish an integrated local vehicle manufacturing system and actively contribute to the sector’s transformation. The company projects to create thousands of direct and indirect jobs and contribute billions of dollars to the non-oil GDP. Ceer is investing over $1.7 billion (6.6 billion Saudi Riyals) in investment funding, with $1.3 billion allocated to its industrial facility, “Ceer for Manufacturing” (CMC), which is expected to begin production by 2026 as part of the King Salman Automotive Industrial Complex.

12. # الأمونيا الصديقة للبيئة ووقود الطيران المستدام يسرعان معدالت النمو للصناعات النظيفة

China has taken the lead in the clean industry sector, capturing a quarter of global investments in clean factories to date, totaling $250 billion, followed by the United States at 22% and the European Union at 14%. Emerging markets like India, Egypt, and Brazil, part of the new industrial belt in emerging markets, have rapidly approached countries with established industrial bases, leveraging favorable conditions in this sector.

These countries have gained increasing momentum in leading sectors like renewable energy production and new clean industrial operations. This transformation is poised to reshape the global industrial landscape, with the production of materials, fuels, and chemicals shifting across diverse geographical regions, leading to the emergence of new trade routes. The new industrial belt in emerging markets, extending across South America, Africa, and Asia, is central to this shift, as these regions benefit from abundant natural resources for solar energy generation, competitive costs, and supportive policies that create an ideal environment for new industrial processes.

13. # 47 أسيرة في سجون إسرائيل

Israel is characterized as an occupying power that practices all forms of inhumane torture against Palestinian female and male prisoners. This includes arbitrary arrests from homes at dawn, transfers to detention and interrogation centers, separation from their children, and prolonged detention. Female prisoners are subjected to systematic policies by prison administrations, including medical negligence and continuous denial of their rights.

The Israeli occupation uses these policies against mothers and their families, employing their arrest as a means to pressure detainees or family members, causing the greatest psychological harm. The occupation strives to break the will of Palestinians through oppression and targeting mothers and families of Palestinian female prisoners and detainees. Thousands of mothers of prisoners have been deprived of their children’s visits for years, a systematic denial of their right.

14. # الفنون الشعبية.. امتداد للتراث

Folk arts are deeply rooted in Saudi culture and reflect the community’s expressive culture and cultural heritage. They encompass various forms, including objects crafted and used within traditional material society, as well as intangible cultural heritage like performances, dances, and narrative forms. Folk arts vary across countries, each having unique forms that have evolved over the years according to their traditions and heritage. In Saudi Arabia, diverse folk arts abound, reflecting the regional variety of the Kingdom.

Among the most famous Saudi folk arts is the “Ardah,” a traditional dance performed during national occasions, holidays, and festivals. The Ardah is an integral part of Saudi history, originating as a war chant in the past. It remains the official national dance, with even the King participating in welcoming ceremonies for dignitaries. The Ardah accompanied the stages of the Kingdom’s establishment and unification under King Abdulaziz, evolving from a war dance performed before battles to ignite enthusiasm and symbolize strength. In times of peace and celebration, it retains a dual meaning: a subtle military connotation and a joyful, peaceful, entertaining dimension.

15. # د. علي الّدفاع.. عبقري الرياضيات أسهم في وضع المناهج بالمملكة.. ومؤلفاته تمثل مكتبة زاخرة بالعلوم

Dr. Ali Al-Difa, a mathematics genius, contributed to developing curricula in the Kingdom, and his works constitute a rich library of sciences. Born in Unaizah in 1358 AH, Dr. Al-Difa received his elementary, intermediate, and secondary education there. He lived his childhood in circumstances common to most families at that time, lacking modern amenities like electricity, and with homes built of clay.

Upon receiving his high school diploma with high honors, Dr. Ali Al-Difa, along with some other outstanding students, had the honor of meeting King Saud (may Allah have mercy on him). King Saud was particularly struck by Al-Difa’s modest appearance, noting he didn’t wear new shoes or an expensive headscarf. The King’s words to him, “I want this student to master the care of minds,” profoundly impacted Al-Difa, who had known nothing but his environment in Unaizah. This statement from the highest authority became a significant moral motivator, especially for young people, and Al-Difa’s subsequent journey to America as a scholarship student to study pure mathematics, earning his bachelor’s from Austin College in 1967, and his master’s and doctorate from the University of Texas and Vanderbilt University respectively, demonstrated the lasting impact of this encouragement.

16. # ترمب يصّعد معركته ضد باول.. حرب الفائدة تربك األسواق األميركية

The clash between Trump and Powell intensified in 2019 and 2020, as the Federal Reserve was forced to halt rate hikes and eventually make a slight cut due to a slowdown in global economic growth and the trade war with China. Trump, however, considered this shift insufficient, escalating his rhetoric and publicly attacking Powell in multiple statements and tweets, accusing his policies of undermining the American economy. In a famous 2019 tweet, Trump questioned whether Powell was “an enemy to the American economy” compared to the Chinese president, reflecting his deep dissatisfaction.

On the other hand, Powell consistently reaffirmed the Federal Reserve’s independence from political pressures, stating that its decisions are made solely based on economic data and in the best interest of the American economy. He clarified that the Fed chairman cannot be removed without “just cause” under the law, implicitly reminding Trump that the law protects the bank’s independence. The dispute temporarily subsided with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the Fed drastically cut interest rates to support the economy, a move that aligned with Trump’s desires, albeit for different reasons. However, tensions resurfaced in later years, especially after Trump’s presidency, as Powell continued his tenure under the Biden administration and the U.S. economy experienced high inflation, leading the Fed to rapidly raise interest rates to curb prices.

17. # هل المكتوب تواصل هش؟

The concept of “fragile communication” in written text, as proposed by Maingueneau, suggests that the recipient does not share the same moment of utterance with the speaker. Umberto Eco likened publishing a book to throwing a bottle into the sea, implying a lack of direct interaction between the moments of utterance and reception. Written discourse is described as resembling a sleeping person, waiting to be awakened by a reader.

However, the “awakening” varies depending on the reader’s linguistic and thematic competence, and their moment of conscious reading. Thus, reading is defined as “the process of transforming symbols into living meaning through the interaction between the reader, the text, and the world”. The true measure of a linguistic community’s culture is not quantified by the sheer volume of produced texts, but by the depth of reading and interaction with the material, as this process reorders our ideas into what is acceptable or rejected, beneficial or not, thereby fostering cultural interaction.

18. # ثورة أدب

The sources indicate that the Arab literary and cultural landscape is experiencing a significant crossroads. There is a clash of narratives and identities, with literary works vying for prominence, while tradition and wisdom stand against the current of global digital dominance. This situation is further complicated by a future that appears undefined, yet craves to be shaped by words, images, and meaning.

Arabic culture, like many others, is undergoing tremendous transformations, some internally driven and others imposed by external influences. These changes have led to phenomena such as the decline in book reading, the diminishing authority of the writer, and the replacement of thoughtful discourse with fleeting content. The critical question is not what has been lost, but what can be reclaimed. The author wonders if there is still the capacity to dream of a culture that serves as a driving force for human transcendence, extending the value of the past and shaping the future.

19. # الغيرة الشَّعْريَّة

The article defines “poetic jealousy” (al-ghīra al-shi‘rīya) as a phenomenon among poets where one admires another’s poetry and wishes they had authored those verses. This type of jealousy, outwardly, is commendable because it incites creativity and fosters competition, especially among innovative poets whose envy drives them to analyze the work of their peers. It can also indicate a critical sensibility that delves into others’ poetry, appreciating its aesthetic and artistic qualities, thereby prompting poetic dialogue among poets.

This dynamic leads to greater renewal and expansion of meanings, ideas, and imagery. The source cites historical examples of this phenomenon among prominent classical Arab poets. For instance, Kathir, known as Kathir Azza (d. 105 AH), expressed a wish that he had authored certain verses by Nasib. Similarly, Jarir (d. 110 AH) wished a verse by Nasib was his own, highlighting how this “poetic jealousy” pushed him to select the finest poetry.

20. # أنا موجود أم متواجد؟!

The use of the word “mutawajid” (متواجد) to mean “present” or “located in a place” has sparked a debate among linguists, both ancient and contemporary. The linguistic root of “al-tawajud” (التوجد) is derived from “al-wajd” (الوجد), which means intense emotion, passion, or love, used by Sufis to denote the manifestation of spiritual ecstasy. Classical linguists considered its use in the sense of “being in a place” incorrect, as it deviates from the word’s original meaning.

The Arabic Language Academy in Cairo, in its early decisions, rejected the use of “mutawajid” to mean “present in a place,” affirming that the correct term is “mawjood” (موجود). However, the article acknowledges that language is a living entity that evolves. “Mutawajid” has become widely accepted in contemporary usage, particularly in media and daily reports, to mean “present,” to the extent that many people no longer associate it with its original meaning of emotional presence.

21. # اللغة العربية vs اللغة الإنجليزية

The article discusses the nature of “language” and its intrinsic connection to human identity and self-expression. It states that the “mother tongue” is not merely a grammatical system but an essential part of a person’s identity, shaping their perspective on the world. Regardless of how many other languages one masters, the mother tongue remains deeply embedded within, serving as an emotional anchor and a means of authentic expression.

The author highlights how language reveals one’s character, knowledge, social status, and lineage. Historically, language served as a tool for identifying enemies, as seen in the story of the Gileadites in the Book of Judges, who used pronunciation tests to identify Ephraimites. The quality and mastery of language, particularly Arabic, are considered fundamental to a person’s image and prestige. However, the article also addresses the modern challenge posed by the rise of English as the language of technology and global communication, questioning if it threatens Arabic’s standing. It concludes that learning English and integrating its vocabulary does not pose a threat to Arabic, as long as Arabic remains dynamic and open to evolution, drawing parallels with the Prophet Muhammad’s adoption of the Persian word “khandaq” (trench).

22. # نسقنا الروائي

The article emphasizes the significance of the “novelistic discourse” (al-nasaq al-riwā’i) in Saudi Arabia, noting its importance in the context of cultural and governmental efforts. It suggests that the novel, as a literary form, has a central role in the foundational framework of official, organizational, and educational bodies like the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Education, and the King Abdulaziz Foundation. This interconnectedness allows for a diverse and rich contribution to the novel, giving it a prominent and respected place since its emergence and the development of its literary, creative, and social features.

The formation of this novelistic discourse in Saudi Arabia began recently through programs and initiatives that have made the novel its core material. The King Abdulaziz Foundation has adopted a historical project, and the Ministry of Culture, through the Literature, Publishing, and Translation Authority, has launched the “Golden Pen” competition to transform the novel into a cinematic work. The Ministry of Education, through its academic and educational channels, has also interacted with this evolving novelistic scene. This unique interplay has broadened the concept of novelistic discourse in Saudi Arabia, extending even to non-Saudi writers who have become part of this modern narrative due to the Golden Pen award.

23. # الَعـّراف

The poem “Al-Arraf” (The Soothsayer) poses profound questions about love, poetic expression, and timeless human emotions. The speaker is questioned about surpassing boundaries and enchanting with melodious tunes, pouring perfume throughout their kingdom, and quenching the thirst for love. The poem describes how poetry has intensified, making the winds laugh with the allure of expression across ages, and how the purest love in souls forms a bond that can be revived by a simple touch.

The speaker admits to concealing a secret, with a burning passion in their heart, wondering if love can truly rise when one is infatuated. It questions whether a heart can accept forgetfulness in its fluttering longing. The poem then shifts to an answer, a sighing laugh, depicting a drop of ecstasy pouring into souls, through which charms renew life, and youth returns.

24. # خمسة كتب يوصي سعيد خطيبي بقراءتها

The Algerian novelist Said Khatibi recommends five books, starting with “The Aftermath of the Volcano” by Alia Trabucco Zerán. This novel depicts a reawakening of Chilean history, a volcanic eruption of truth about years of oppression, and the struggles of parents and children under a relentless system of nightmares. The protagonist is absorbed in calculating the number of available graves, a chilling comparison to the total number of deaths. It is described as a spiral narrative that intertwines contemporary Chilean history with the individual stories of its people.

Another recommended book is “Tell Me the Vision” by Abdelfattah Kilito. This novel makes “One Thousand and One Nights” its starting point and destination, venturing into exploring and interpreting its tales from heritage. Kilito, acting as both a writer and a reader, offers insights into the institutionalized texts and presents his own views. Reading this novel often leaves the reader with a desire to revisit “One Thousand and One Nights”.

25. # هل “السرد المصور” من أجناس “السرد الأدبي”؟

The author initially questioned whether “illustrated narrative” (al-sard al-musawwar), specifically “comics,” could truly be considered a genre of literary narrative. Before attending a workshop on the topic, the author rejected the idea, viewing comics as merely small stories or booklets for children. However, after the workshop, the author understood that “illustrated narrative” involves using images, whether static or sequential, to convey an idea or a moving story.

This form of narrative can effectively communicate without the need for extensive text, relying on minimal words to accompany the images. It is prevalent in various fields, from graphic novels (“comics”) and journalism to commercial advertising. The author now believes that “illustrated narrative” has earned its identity as a narrative genre due to its visual portrayal of characters and the sequencing of events, which allows readers to easily follow the plot. Visual cues also convey time and place effectively.

26. # الشخصّية القاعدّية في التوجيه التراثي )١(

The concept of “basic personality” emerged in the first half of the twentieth century from the interaction between psychology and anthropology, specifically developed by Mead and Benedict. This methodological concept was formulated to link personality and culture, aiming to differentiate between “patterns of personality” observed in society (which are influenced by several factors beyond mere pursuit). This “basic personality” represents a common psychological structure shared by members of a culture, serving as the educational goal for their upbringing to embody that culture.

This concept has developed anthropologically and psychologically, becoming an operative framework in understanding culture. Culture guides individuals toward specific “personality” traits, which become their educational objective to represent the culture they belong to, even if unseen. This has enabled the reinforcement of societal institutions based on what dominates cultures. In various Islamic eras, despite the notion that the Prophet (PBUH) is a role model for all Muslims, each era has its “basic personality” shaped by its specific environment, differing from the Prophet’s environment. This personality, in turn, influences the guiding form, accompanied by literature, stories, and poems, embodying what one aspires to, often represented by heroes.

27. # اإللهام وحمى المعرفة

The individual, with their intellect, innovations, and tireless pursuit of knowledge, has been—and will remain—the primary source of understanding throughout the ages. This journey is attributed to great men and women who have built monumental philosophical structures, discovered astounding scientific truths, created groundbreaking inventions, or established doctrines that forged new paths in various fields of intellectual and artistic creativity. Individual knowledge resides within the mind of its possessor, shaping their convictions, choices, and thought patterns.

This knowledge, in addition to one’s lineage, bestows upon them the “authority of knowledge” that distinguishes them from others. Philosophers have offered diverse perspectives on the sources of knowledge, inspiration, and artistic revelation. Plato, for example, viewed poetry—like philosophy—as a means to knowledge and benefit, thus rejecting poetry unless it teaches virtue, goodness, and patriotism. However, Castelvetro challenged Plato’s view that poetry is divinely inspired, arguing that such an idea was embraced by ancient Greek poets to assert their superiority, as common people often measure their intellectual and physical abilities against others’.

28. # معادلة »السياحة« من الطموح إلى الواقع

Saudi Arabia is steadily advancing its position as a global tourism destination, driven by an ambitious political will and extensive governmental support within the framework of Vision 2030. This commitment is evident in the concerted efforts of the Ministry of Tourism, the Tourism Authority, and related entities. This rapid movement is not merely theoretical, but a tangible reality across various regions of the Kingdom, materializing as integrated tourist destinations that redefine the regional tourism map.

A key indicator of these efforts’ success is the growing number of local and international tourists, reflected in increasing visitor figures. The sector’s growth is supported by the diversity of tourist destinations and the range of experiences offered, attracting various segments of visitors, from nature lovers and environmentalists to those interested in heritage and major tourism seasons throughout the year. This approach enhances the Kingdom’s tourism appeal, making it a viable and preferred choice for a wide range of visitors.

29. # الحدث السياسي وفوضى تلقي األخبار

In an era where media and communication platforms have become daily windows into global tragedies, and recipients have transformed from passive consumers to active participants in shaping public opinion, there is an increasing need for deep and systematic awareness in dealing with news reception. This is particularly crucial concerning political news, its tensions, conflicts, and wars. Not everything broadcast is accurately reported, and not everything viewed is understood as intended.

This creates a problem and highlights the individual and collective responsibility towards the volatile news we see and hear, which is often fraught with biases, loaded with agendas, and driven by a culture of immediacy and sensationalism rather than verification and explanation. The current media landscape is characterized by a rapid and continuous flow of urgent news, accompanied by visual content and dramatic clips. This deluge can lead to constant alertness, mental confusion, or cognitive overload for the recipient, as intensive repetition, shocking visuals, and sensational headlines might lead viewers to believe they are seeing the complete truth, when in reality they are often presented with fragmented scenes, biased narratives, or carefully constructed realities.

30. # رقمية

War is no longer initiated solely by an invasion or a missile launch; it is often preceded by an intense media storm in the digital space, designed to influence public opinion and disrupt the enemy. While media served as an accompanying tool in military operations in past decades, the digital era has transformed it into an independent platform, potentially even more impactful than the weapons themselves.

A prime example is the recent escalation between Iran and Israel, where mutual attacks were not limited to aircraft and missiles but extended to intense waves of digital media campaigns. With every military escalation, both sides deploy an army of social media accounts, visual content, and targeted narratives to influence internal audiences and regional and international stances. In this conflict, digital platforms are not merely conduits but actual battlefields, flooded with thousands of tweets and videos promoting each side’s “vision of victory,” often involving fabricated content, leaked intelligence, or dramatic scenes designed for strong emotional impact.

31. # كرة القدم الحديثة.. عقل بال قلب

Modern football is undergoing one of its most significant transformative phases, moving away from being merely a game driven by momentary pleasure, instinctive emotions, individual skills, and impulsive reactions. Instead, in many aspects, it has become closer to an industrial system governed by calculations and dominated by cold tactical thinking. This shift has led a growing number of fans and analysts to question whether modern football has lost its soul.

The British newspaper The Times recently published a report titled “How Teams Embrace Chaos-Breaking Systems”. It highlighted that the dominance of positional play systems, championed by Pep Guardiola, has turned players into precise mechanical tools within a rigid system, leaving no room for unique solutions or spontaneous improvisation. The report suggests that the reliance on data analysis has become stifling for artistic freedom, as players are now coached to make “correct” decisions rather than relying on instinct or risk-taking. This has made many major matches resemble slow chess games, characterized by studied movements and fixed positions rather than moments charged with emotion, pleasure, and madness.

32. # تأثير النجوم السلبي.. معادلة يعاني منها اآلباء ويرفضها المجتمع

Football stars are considered highly influential figures, and for many fans and observers, they serve as role models. While some parents hope their children can achieve similar success by investing in their talents and qualifications, others express concern about the negative behaviors exhibited by some stars, such as hair cutting and dyeing, and urge their children not to imitate them.

“Donia Al-Riyadah” (Sports World) captured diverse reactions from parents and observers regarding the impact of sports figures and the development of youth values. Dr. Ali Al-Salman stressed the importance of investing in successful role models who possess capabilities, competence, and positive actions alongside good morals. Actions that reflect social responsibilities are valued, while negative behaviors by stars can influence fans who are emotionally attached to these figures. Therefore, the behavioral discipline of players is crucial, as their actions inside and outside the field are closely watched and imitated by young fans, making any negative behavior a source of ridicule and potentially undermining their dignity.

33. # القادسية.. موسم ذهبي وأرقام قياسية في موسم مثالي

Al-Qadsiah Football Club achieved new heights of success in the 2024-2025 season, delivering outstanding results in both local and championship competitions, marking it as the best season in the club’s history. The team demonstrated a balanced offensive capability, scoring 53 goals in the league, making them the sixth-highest scoring team. This collective performance, coupled with diverse attacking options, played a significant role in their victories and accumulation of points.

Al-Qadsiah also distinguished itself with the strongest defense in the league, conceding only 31 goals throughout the season, the lowest among all teams. They maintained clean sheets in 15 matches, which is the highest number in the league. The team amassed 68 points and achieved 21 wins during the season, the best point and victory tally in Al-Qadsiah’s professional league history, reflecting the significant technical and administrative development the team underwent. This success extended beyond the field, with Al-Qadsiah reaching the King’s Cup final for the first time in its history, showcasing its readiness to compete for major titles.

34. # ارتفاع ثروات األفراد عالميا

A study published in Frankfurt, Germany, revealed accelerated growth in global individual wealth in 2024. According to the “Global Wealth” report by Julius Baer, global individual wealth increased by 4.6% to approximately $470 trillion last year, following a 4.2% increase in 2023. The largest growth was recorded in North America, with an increase exceeding 11%, driven by significant gains in stock markets and the strength of the dollar at that time.

In contrast, the wealth growth rate for individuals in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East combined did not exceed 0.4%. The total value of assets in 56 markets included in the study declined, according to the Swiss bank. Switzerland once again topped the ranking of countries with the highest wealth per capita, always considered a safe haven for the rich. The average wealth per adult in Switzerland in 2024 reached approximately $687,000, followed by the United States at $620,654, and Hong Kong at around $601,000. Germany, the world’s third-largest economy, ranked 19th with an average individual wealth of about $257,000, significantly lagging behind Britain and France.

35. # مؤشرات خضراء

The National Center for the Development of Vegetation Cover and Combating Desertification has continued its efforts to enhance and sustain vegetation cover in the Madinah region. This has been achieved through realizing several qualitative “green indicators” since 2023. The season for releasing native wild animals, threatened by gout, also saw exceptional success in terms of numbers, species, and technologies used in programs managed by specialized propagation centers.

The center successfully released over 1,200 wild animals into their natural habitats during the season spanning from October to April annually, covering 24 species across 26 locations throughout the Kingdom. These release programs embody the center’s continuous efforts and aspirations to fulfill its vision of “a thriving natural life, diverse ecosystems, and sustainable environmental systems in Saudi Arabia,” rooted in the goals of the Saudi Green Initiative and the National Environment Strategy within Vision 2030.

Middle East Conflicts: War, Prisoners, and Digital Battlefields

The sources provide information on regional conflicts, primarily focusing on a recent two-day war between Iran and Israel, the ongoing situation of Palestinian prisoners under Israeli occupation, and how modern conflicts are increasingly fought in the digital sphere.

Conflict between Iran and Israel A two-day war between Iran and Israel is described as having been open to all political and military possibilities and expectations. This conflict raised the level of tension in the region and had significant extensions and repercussions. It was seen as potentially being a turning point for the region, particularly concerning the Iranian nuclear program. However, there were conflicting claims about the nuclear program: the United States stated that Iran had ended it, while Iran claimed it had evacuated its nuclear sites before a potential American strike, making the true situation unclear.

The Saudi-Gulf stance on this conflict was clear, advocating for dialogue, understandings, and diplomatic solutions to avoid war, as war is perceived to only lead to devastation and destruction. Despite the reliance on force during the conflict, Saudi Arabia’s efforts, including those by the Crown Prince and Foreign Minister, continued to push for a return to the negotiation table to prevent further catastrophic losses. The sources emphasize that war has never been a viable option to resolve crises, as it often exacerbates them. Instead, solutions should be based on reason and logic, highlighting that there is no comparison between engaging in war and leaning towards peace.

The Situation of Palestinian Prisoners The sources detail the systemic inhumane practices by Israel, described as a racist entity, against Palestinian male and female prisoners. These practices include:

• Abuse and Deprivation: Arrests from homes at dawn, transfers to detention and interrogation centers, separation from children, prolonged detention, and systematic policies of medical neglect and denial of fundamental rights.
• Psychological Warfare: The arrest of mothers is used as a means to pressure families and detainees, inflicting significant psychological harm. Thousands of mothers have been denied visits with their children for years.
• Escalation of Violations: The Palestinian Prisoners’ Club stated that since the beginning of the “genocide” war, the Israeli occupation’s prison system has intensified its targeting of female prisoners, perpetuating crimes and systematic deprivation.
• Specific Abuses: Female prisoners face systematic starvation due to insufficient and poor-quality food, deliberate reduction of rations, continuous assaults, humiliation, torture, and strip searches. They are often held in cells that lack basic sanitary conditions.
• Health Deterioration: Testimonies indicate a worsening of health conditions for female prisoners, particularly those with chronic illnesses, who require urgent medical care and follow-up. Specific cases include Fidaa Assaf, who suffers from blood cancer and whose condition is exacerbated by harsh detention, and Haneen Jaber, who has a breast tumor and needs medical attention outside prison.
• Physical and Psychological Trauma: A female prisoner reported being subjected to insults, death threats, blindfolding, denial of bathroom access, forced feeding, and physical assault, including being hit on the forehead.
• Increased Arrests: The occupation has recently escalated the arrest of women, with 47 female prisoners currently held, including two pregnant women and a child. Many are administrative detainees, and some have been arrested as hostages to coerce family members.
• International Call to Action: The Palestinian Prisoners’ Club urges the international human rights community to hold Israel accountable for war crimes and to impose sanctions to end its impunity.

Modern Warfare and Digital Media in Conflicts Modern warfare is no longer limited to physical invasions or missile strikes; it is increasingly preceded by a digital information storm that aims to shape public opinion and disorient the enemy. Digital platforms have transformed into active battlefields.

• Digital Warfare Tactics: In conflicts like the recent one between Iran and Israel, both sides launched intense digital media campaigns alongside military actions. These campaigns involve deploying “armies” of accounts and creating targeted content (including fabricated material, leaked intelligence, and dramatic visuals) to influence domestic sentiment, confuse opponents, and sway international and regional stances.
• Impact on Public Opinion: A 2023 study by Statista showed that 78% of people in the Middle East form their political opinions through social media, not traditional media, making these platforms strategic targets for information warfare.
• Governmental Use of Digital Tools: Governments are increasingly aware of the strategic importance of digital media in conflicts. Official accounts use the audience’s language and publish real-time content with impactful visuals. Some governments use AI tools like Brandwatch and PsyOps AI to analyze user behavior, predict reactions, and create counter-media campaigns. A 2024 Reuters Digital News report indicated that 42% of governments involved in recent conflicts used big data analysis to guide their media strategies.
• Cybersecurity: The conflict extends to cybersecurity, with attempts at infiltration and sabotage. The Saudi National Cybersecurity Center, for instance, thwarted over 54 million cyberattacks in the first half of 2024, many linked to incitement or attempts to spread targeted messages related to sensitive regional issues.
• Individual Role: In this new form of warfare, every user becomes a potential publisher, and every smartphone a “frontline soldier’s platform”. Ordinary individuals or social media influencers can significantly impact public sentiment with a single post.
• Psychological Impact: Digital war media is powerful; its fabrications and manipulations are “lethal tools” whose psychological effects can be more profound than a bomb explosion.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 Economic Transformation

The Saudi economy is undergoing a significant transformation driven by Vision 2030, which aims to diversify income sources and reduce reliance on oil. This vision is supported by robust government efforts to foster economic resilience and attract investments across various vital sectors.

Here’s a comprehensive overview of the Saudi economy based on the provided sources:

1. Macroeconomic Stability and Resilience:

• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has acknowledged the high flexibility of the Saudi economy in facing global economic shocks.
• Key indicators such as contained inflation (2.3% in April 2025, expected to remain stable near 2%) and low unemployment rates align with Vision 2030 objectives.
• The stability of the Saudi Riyal peg to the US Dollar, along with continued government support and a strong increase in credit, contributes to economic stability.
• The Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) has been praised for its role in enhancing liquidity management and strengthening regulatory and supervisory frameworks.
• The Kingdom has implemented extensive national reforms since 2016, focusing on business regulation, labor markets, and governance, with new systems like the updated investment law and commercial registration law coming into effect in 2025. These reforms aim to increase investor confidence and support productivity.

2. Economic Diversification and Key Sectors:

• Automotive Industry: Saudi Arabia is striving to become a regional hub for automotive manufacturing, particularly electric vehicles (EVs), by 2030 and 2035.
• Significant Investments: The Public Investment Fund (PIF) plans to invest at least $35 billion in EV manufacturing by 2030, with 50% for manufacturing, 25% for batteries, and 25% for chips and components. This aligns with a broader goal to invest over $100 billion annually by 2030 in foreign investments, including automotive.
• Major Projects:Ceer Motors: The first Saudi EV brand, established in partnership between PIF and Foxconn, aims to produce around 170,000 EVs annually by mid-next decade, creating 30,000 direct and indirect jobs.
• Lucid Motors: A Lucid plant in Jeddah has begun assembly operations (since 2023) and aims to produce 150,000 cars annually.
• Hyundai Motor: A partnership with Hyundai is established to build a advanced manufacturing plant for 50,000 electric and internal combustion vehicles annually.
• King Salman Complex for Automobile Industries: This complex in King Abdullah Economic City is designed as a central hub for auto-related industries, supporting local manufacturing and increasing exports.
• Supply Chain and Infrastructure: Efforts include strengthening local supply chains, developing smart infrastructure, and building national capabilities. A network of 5,000 fast-charging stations for EVs is planned by 2030.
• Talent Development: The National Academy for Vehicles (NAVA) and other initiatives aim to address talent shortages by offering specialized training programs and scholarships in automotive engineering and related fields.
• Tourism Sector: The Kingdom is rapidly transforming into a global tourism destination, driven by Vision 2030’s ambitious goals.
• Mega-Projects: This includes projects like NEOM (with its futuristic cities like The Line), Qiddiya (a global entertainment and sports hub), and The Red Sea Project (a luxury eco-tourism destination), and the historical site of AlUla.
• Infrastructure and Human Capital: Significant investments are made in developing tourism infrastructure, enhancing services, and qualifying national cadres in hospitality, tourism guidance, and related services.
• Clean Energy and Green Industries: Saudi Arabia is making strides in clean industrial development, leveraging its abundant natural resources.
• Global Leadership: The country is among the rising nations in the “New Industrial Belt” that are attracting substantial investments in clean manufacturing.
• Key Growth Areas: Green ammonia (for agriculture and shipping) and sustainable aviation fuel are identified as the fastest-growing clean industries, with Saudi Arabia hosting a significant portion of planned global production facilities.
• Strategic Commitment: This aligns with Saudi Arabia’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions, with a target of 50% reduction by 2030.

3. Challenges and Mitigation:

• Raw Material and Battery Imports: Despite progress in lithium extraction from oil fields, the Kingdom still partially relies on imports for batteries and raw materials. However, investments in lithium and battery minerals have begun.
• International Competition: The Saudi automotive sector faces intense competition from established manufacturing centers in China, Europe, and the US.
• Talent Shortages: There is a need for a specialized and professional workforce in engineering and manufacturing despite the establishment of academies and training programs. The government is actively addressing this through training initiatives and academic partnerships.
• Logistics and Infrastructure for EV Adoption: While charging networks are expanding, the full activation of all announced projects would require significant investment and coordinated government action.

4. Societal Impact and National Pride:

• The economic transformation creates diverse job opportunities in manufacturing, engineering, maintenance, and logistics, contributing to reduced unemployment rates.
• It aims to build a new industrial culture that fosters a spirit of leadership among youth.
• Projects like the “Made in Saudi Arabia” program foster a sense of national pride and identity by promoting local manufacturing and products.
• The increasing participation of Saudi women in various advanced industrial fields, from driving to engineering and research, signifies a profound cultural and societal shift, challenging traditional roles and contributing to economic and technological development.

In conclusion, the Saudi economy, under the guidance of Vision 2030, is actively pursuing a strategy of diversification and technological advancement, supported by massive investments, strategic partnerships, and a focus on human capital development, with the aim of becoming a global industrial and technological leader.

Saudi Women Driving Economic and Industrial Transformation

The empowerment of women is a pivotal aspect of Saudi Arabia’s comprehensive economic and social transformation, primarily driven by Vision 2030. This transformation is moving beyond traditional roles, enabling women to become active participants and leaders across various vital sectors, contributing significantly to the national economy and fostering a new societal outlook.

Here’s a detailed discussion of women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia based on the provided sources:

• Policy and Legislative Support:
• The decision to allow women to drive in 2018 was a significant turning point, marking not just a social change but also a strategic shift in the concept of mobility itself. This was followed by other empowering steps across various sectors.
• Saudi Arabia has implemented extensive national reforms since 2016 focusing on business regulation, labor markets, and governance. New systems like the updated investment law and commercial registration law are effective from 2025, which are expected to enhance investor confidence and productivity, indirectly benefiting women’s participation.
• Government entities like the Ministry of Environment and the Transport Authority are developing infrastructure for sustainable mobility, including electric vehicle charging stations and smart transport plans in major cities, which women are actively embracing.
• The empowerment of women is described as a national issue, supported by the highest levels of the state, with legislation, programs, and institutions removing many obstacles that previously hindered women’s entry into specialized industries.
• Economic Contribution and Diversification:
• Women are transcending their traditional roles as mere consumers to become active partners in design, production, and ambassadors of sustainable mobility culture.
• Their increasing participation in advanced industrial fields, from driving to engineering and research, signifies a profound cultural and societal shift, contributing directly to economic and technological development.
• The sources highlight how women’s active involvement contributes to economic diversification away from oil reliance, a key goal of Vision 2030.
• Role in the Automotive Industry and Green Technologies:
• Women are playing a central role in the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and smart transport solutions.
• Saudi female engineers are actively involved in the production lines of global car manufacturers like Lucid in Jeddah, developing high-tech EVs as part of a national project to transform Saudi Arabia into an industrial and technological hub in this field.
• Their engagement extends to research and development (R&D) in advanced materials engineering, vehicle technology, programming smart vehicle systems, and electric batteries. Saudi universities are witnessing a notable increase in female students pursuing technical and engineering specializations.
• Women contribute to promoting environmental awareness by embracing electric and hybrid vehicles, advocating for shared transport, and participating in awareness campaigns to reduce carbon emissions. This reflects a shift in consumer culture towards environmental issues.
• They are also founding start-up companies that innovate smart transport solutions, including charging technologies and applications for smart vehicles. Some have received international awards for their innovation.
• The future of the automotive industry in Saudi Arabia cannot be separated from the active role women will play in shaping it, moving beyond mere import of technology to its production and innovation.
• Human Capital Development and Educational Opportunities:
• The government is seriously investing in developing human capital, training national cadres in hospitality, tourism, and related services, and encouraging youth, including women, to pursue engineering and industrial innovation fields.
• Initiatives like the National Academy for Vehicles (NAVA) provide specialized training programs and scholarships in automotive engineering and modern technologies, addressing talent shortages.
• Saudi women are participating in training programs and academic partnerships with universities and industrial complexes like the King Salman Complex for Automobile Industries.
• Societal Impact and Cultural Shift:
• The economic transformation creates diverse job opportunities for Saudi citizens, contributing to reduced unemployment rates.
• The increasing presence of Saudi women in industrial fields, including management and leadership roles in R&D departments of major companies, signifies a profound cultural and societal shift. They are now actively managing specialized teams in software development and energy efficiency.
• This shift challenges traditional gender roles, allowing women to enter fields previously considered exclusive to men, and provides flexible and stimulating work environments that support their professional advancement.
• The growing participation of women in fields like smart transport, technology, and industry is transforming societal perceptions and fostering a new industrial culture that nurtures leadership among youth.
• The sources emphasize that women’s contribution is not merely symbolic but a practical and profound part of the national solutions to environmental challenges and economic development.

Global Wealth Trends and Saudi Arabia’s Economic Transformation

Wealth growth, as detailed in the sources, encompasses both global trends in individual wealth and the strategic national efforts in Saudi Arabia to foster economic prosperity and, by extension, individual wealth.

Global Trends in Individual Wealth

A study conducted in Frankfurt revealed that the pace of growth in individual wealth at the global level accelerated in 2024. According to the “Global Wealth Report” from Swiss financial services group UBS, individual wealth globally increased by 4.6% in 2024, reaching approximately $470 trillion, following a 4.2% increase in 2023.

Key observations from this report include:

• Largest Growth Region: North America recorded the most significant growth, with an increase exceeding 11%, primarily driven by substantial gains in stock markets and the strength of the dollar during that period.
• Slower Growth Regions: In contrast, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East experienced a much slower growth rate, not exceeding 0.4% in individual wealth.
• Asset Value Changes: While global wealth grew overall, the combined value of financial and real estate assets decreased in more than half of the 56 markets covered by the study.
• Leading Countries in Wealth per Individual:
• Switzerland once again topped the ranking, with an average wealth per adult individual reaching approximately $687,000 in 2024, perceived as a safe haven for the wealthy.
• The United States ranked second, with an average of $620,654 per adult individual.
• Hong Kong followed with around $601,000.
• Germany, despite being the world’s third-largest economy, was in 19th place, with an average individual wealth of nearly $257,000, notably lagging behind countries like Britain and France.

Saudi Arabia’s Approach to Economic and Wealth Growth

Saudi Arabia’s comprehensive economic and social transformation, primarily driven by Vision 2030, is designed to enhance its economic resilience, diversify its income sources, and develop human capital, all of which are foundational for sustainable wealth growth.

• Economic Resilience and Growth Drivers: The Saudi economy demonstrates high flexibility in confronting global economic shocks, characterized by the expansion of non-oil sector activities and unemployment reaching its lowest historical levels, aligning with Vision 2030 objectives. Strong domestic demand continues to bolster economic growth, spurred by the Kingdom’s ongoing implementation of Vision 2030 projects and robust credit growth. The government’s initiatives to strengthen public financial sustainability and resilience against shocks have received commendation.
• Stable Economic Environment: The Kingdom has successfully contained inflation, with a rate of 2.3% in April 2025, projected to remain stable around 2%. This stability is largely attributed to the Riyal’s peg to the US Dollar, sustained domestic government support, reduced transport and communication costs, and a deceleration in residential rent inflation. Such stability creates an environment conducive to wealth preservation and accumulation.
• National Reforms and Productivity Enhancement: Since 2016, Saudi Arabia has undertaken extensive national reforms focusing on business regulation, labor markets, and governance. New laws, including an updated investment law, amendments to the labor law, and a new commercial registration law, became effective in 2025, anticipating an increase in investor confidence and corporate productivity, which supports overall productivity gains.
• Strategic Industrial Diversification (Automotive Sector): A key component of Vision 2030 is Saudi Arabia’s ambition to become a regional center for car manufacturing, particularly electric vehicles (EVs), by 2030 and 2035. This initiative is central to diversifying the economy and reducing reliance on oil. The automotive sector is identified as a promising investment, with an expected growth rate of 12% by 2030.
• Significant Investment in New Sectors: The Public Investment Fund (PIF) plans to invest at least $35 billion in developing the EV industry by 2030, with allocations for manufacturing, batteries, and chips. This massive investment is complemented by government support for training specialized labor and establishing research and development centers. Overall, the automotive manufacturing sector benefits from substantial governmental investments, including billions from the PIF.
• Job Creation and GDP Contribution: Projects like Ceer Motors, the first national Saudi electric car brand, are projected to contribute $8 billion to the Saudi GDP by 2034 and create 30,000 direct and indirect jobs. Lucid Motors began local assembly in Jeddah in 2023, aiming for an annual production of 150,000 cars. Hyundai Motor is also constructing an advanced vehicle manufacturing plant with an investment exceeding $500 million, targeting 50,000 vehicles annually. The broader plan is to produce 500,000 electric cars annually by 2030, thereby significantly boosting the national GDP and generating thousands of direct and indirect employment opportunities.
• Attracting Foreign Direct Investment: Strategic partnerships with global automotive and technology giants, such as Foxconn and BMW for Ceer Motors, and Lucid Motors, are attracting substantial foreign investments. Ceer alone is expected to draw $150 million in direct foreign investment.
• Competitive Advantages: Saudi Arabia’s strong position in fostering industrial success stems from its considerable financial capacity (large financial reserves), its strategic geographical location, its early investments in EVs, and an attractive local market characterized by a high vehicle replacement rate. Vision 2030 further enhances this by offering significant investment incentives to international manufacturers and establishing specialized industrial zones.

These concerted efforts underscore Saudi Arabia’s commitment to building a diverse, resilient, and knowledge-based economy, which, while not explicitly detailed in individual wealth growth rates in the sources, forms the bedrock for increasing national and individual prosperity.

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By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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