Al-Riyadh Newspaper, April 14, 2025: Energy Sector Developments, Educational Programs, Economic Discussions, Global Events

This collection of news articles from Saudi Arabia covers a diverse range of topics. Several pieces discuss the Kingdom’s energy sector, including nuclear power ambitions and collaborations. Other articles highlight social and developmental initiatives, such as healthcare projects, educational programs focusing on technology and AI, and support for humanitarian aid. International relations are featured through reports on Saudi Arabia’s role in regional talks and its reactions to global events. Economic news includes discussions on foreign investment, the cement industry, and the space economy. Finally, cultural and local interest stories touch on heritage, literature, sports, and preparations for the Hajj season.

Understanding the Sources: A Study Guide

Quiz

1. What is the primary objective of the framework agreement mentioned in the first excerpt, and what international body supported it?
2. According to the second excerpt, what is “METER” and what significant achievement did it recently attain on a global scale?
3. The third excerpt discusses a ministerial meeting focused on human capacity development. What was the main theme of this meeting and under whose patronage did it occur?
4. What is the stated purpose of the discussions between the Kingdom and the United States mentioned in the fourth excerpt?
5. According to the fifth excerpt, what is the “Human Capability Initiative (HCI)” conference aiming to achieve under the slogan “What’s After Readiness for the Future?”
6. The sixth excerpt highlights Saudi Arabia achieving a major award at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions. What was the award and from which university was the winning innovator?
7. What was the focus of the innovative projects from Umm Al-Qura University that earned them the French Inventors’ Federation medal at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, as mentioned in the seventh excerpt?
8. The eighth excerpt discusses the “Barmag wa Asna’a” (Program and Create) initiative. What is the main goal of the innovations developed through this program?
9. According to the ninth excerpt, what are the key objectives Saudi Arabia aims to achieve by developing its space sector and establishing the Saudi Space Authority?
10. The tenth excerpt discusses Saudi cities being recognized in the IMD Smart City Index. What does this recognition reflect about the Kingdom’s development approach?

Quiz Answer Key

1. The primary objective of the framework agreement is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and ensure the peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear program. The UN Security Council supported this decision through Resolution 2231.
2. “METER” is a Saudi platform and application in the spatial technology sector, specializing in surveying and engineering work. It recently achieved membership in the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), becoming the first Saudi platform in its field to reach this global recognition.
3. The main theme of the ministerial meeting was “Enabling Equitable Access to Future Capabilities: Skills of Artificial Intelligence for All.” The meeting occurred under the patronage of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Chairman of the Human Capacity Development Program Committee.
4. The stated purpose of the discussions between the Kingdom and the United States is cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
5. The Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference aims to highlight the Kingdom’s leading role in the global dialogue surrounding the future of human capacity development and to continue developing the educational system to meet the demands of the labor market in line with Saudi Vision 2030.
6. Saudi Arabia achieved the Grand Prize at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions. The winning innovator was Dr. Saad Al-Shahrani from Majmaah University.
7. The innovative projects from Umm Al-Qura University that won the French Inventors’ Federation medal focused on improving the quality of life globally in the field of biomedical technology, including a smart respiratory device for early detection of infectious diseases, a smart device for managing nutritional deficiencies, and a 3D dynamic bone marrow model for simulating cellular interactions.
8. The main goal of the innovations developed through the “Barmag wa Asna’a” initiative is to improve the quality of life globally.
9. Saudi Arabia aims to enhance the national economy, open new avenues for investment in various sectors (including military, technological, and educational), diversify sources of income, build advanced infrastructure, and promote innovation in the space sector through the Saudi Space Authority, ultimately supporting the objectives of Vision 2030.
10. The recognition of Saudi cities in the IMD Smart City Index reflects the scale of the Kingdom’s digital transformation and the developmental approach it is adopting within the framework of its ambitious Vision 2030.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness of the various initiatives and events highlighted in the sources (e.g., HCI conference, Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, “METER” achievement) in the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. How do these seemingly disparate events contribute to the overarching goals of the Vision?
2. Discuss the significance of international collaborations and agreements, as exemplified by the nuclear framework agreement and “METER’s” membership in FIG, for Saudi Arabia’s global standing and its domestic development objectives.
3. Evaluate the role of technological advancement and innovation, evident in the discussions on AI skills, space technology development, and smart city initiatives, in Saudi Arabia’s strategy for economic diversification and human capital development as outlined in the sources.
4. Compare and contrast the different sectors and areas of focus highlighted in the sources (e.g., international relations, technology, human development, healthcare). What common threads or priorities can be identified across these diverse topics in the context of Saudi Arabia’s current trajectory?
5. Considering the range of topics covered, what do these excerpts collectively suggest about Saudi Arabia’s priorities and its vision for the future on both a domestic and international level?

Glossary of Key Terms

• G20: The Group of Twenty, an international forum comprising the world’s major developed and developing economies.
• UN Security Council Resolution 2231: A United Nations resolution endorsing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal.
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): An international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
• FIG (International Federation of Surveyors): The premier international non-governmental organization representing the interests of surveyors and all those whose professional activities are concerned with land and spatially related information.
• Geomatics: The discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering geographically referenced information.
• Human Capacity Development: The process of equipping individuals with the understanding, skills, and access to information, knowledge, and training that enables them to perform effectively.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
• OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development): An intergovernmental economic organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
• Saudi Vision 2030: A strategic framework to reduce Saudi Arabia’s reliance on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
• Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions: An annual event showcasing new inventions and innovations from around the world.
• Biomedical Technology: The application of engineering and technology principles to the medical field.
• “Barmag wa Asna’a” (Program and Create): An initiative focused on empowering individuals through programming and innovation skills.
• Saudi Space Authority: The governmental body responsible for organizing and developing the space sector in Saudi Arabia.
• IMD Smart City Index: A global ranking of cities based on their adoption of technology and its impact on the quality of life of citizens.
• Digital Transformation: The use of digital technologies to radically improve performance and reach of enterprises.
• Sustainability: The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. In this context, often refers to environmentally sustainable practices.
• Expo 2025 Osaka: A World Exposition to be held in Osaka, Japan, in 2025, with various countries showcasing their achievements and future plans.
• “Al-Hurra”: An Arabic-language satellite television network funded by the U.S. government.
• “Kalam Nawaem”: An Arabic talk show featuring four female hosts discussing various social and cultural issues.
• “The Other Story” Project: A project focused on collecting and sharing personal stories to foster understanding and empathy.
• “Qaylat”: A local term in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia referring to recreational outings and picnics in valleys and mountainous areas, especially during and after rainfall.
• “Citizen Account” Program: A Saudi Arabian social welfare program providing cash transfers to eligible citizens.
• Rabigh: A city on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia known for its industrial developments, including a major Aramco refinery.
• Total Solar Eclipse: A celestial event where the Moon completely blocks the Sun.
• BRICS: An acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• “Belt and Road” Initiative: A global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the Chinese government involving investments in over 150 countries and international organizations.
• “Trump Trade War”: A period characterized by the imposition of tariffs by the United States under President Donald Trump on imports from various countries, leading to retaliatory measures and trade tensions.
• Tariffs: Taxes imposed on imported goods and services.
• Protectionist Trade Policies: Government actions, such as tariffs and quotas, that restrict international trade to protect domestic industries.
• Supply Chains: The network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer.
• Inflation: A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
• Recession: A significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.
• “Human-centered care”: A model of healthcare that prioritizes the individual needs and preferences of patients.
• “Prior-authorization-free networks”: Healthcare networks that do not require pre-approval for certain medical services.
• Saudi Arabian Olympic and Paralympic Committee: The national governing body for sports in Saudi Arabia, responsible for overseeing the Olympic and Paralympic movements.
• VAR (Video Assistant Referee): A system used in sports, particularly football (soccer), to review decisions made by the head referee with the use of video footage and a communication link to a video assistant referee.

April 14, 2025 News Review: Saudi Arabia and Global Events

BRIEFING DOCUMENT

1. **International Relations and Geopolitics:**

* **Iran Nuclear Deal:** The document mentions the 2015 Iran nuclear agreement as a significant historical resolution to the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the Middle East. It highlights UNSC Resolution 2231, which endorsed the deal. The aim historically was to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.

* **Saudi Arabia and Nuclear Energy:** The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is considering launching an independent nuclear energy program since August 2009. In September 2023, the Minister of Energy confirmed the intention to build a nuclear power plant, including plans for small reactors and a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA.

* **US-Saudi Cooperation:** There is a trend towards expanding bilateral relations between Riyadh and Washington, particularly in strategic sectors like energy and the environment, aligning with global shifts. An initial agreement was signed to broaden cooperation in energy, technology, and mining.

* **US Airstrikes in Yemen:** The US military reportedly conducted 10 airstrikes in northern Yemen, targeting various locations. The Houthi-affiliated “Al-Masirah” channel reported 3 strikes in Saada governorate and 2 in Al-Manira district of Al-Bayda governorate. There was no reported aggression on Al-Hudaydah.

* **US-Iran Talks (via Oman):** Saudi Arabia welcomed Oman’s hosting of Iranian-American talks, with Gulf and Arab states viewing them as a positive step towards regional stability. This marks the highest level of discussions since Trump’s withdrawal from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal in 2018.

* **China’s Perspective on Saudi Arabia and US Policies:** China considers developing relations with Saudi Arabia a priority and notes the mutual political trust and over $100 billion in economic investments. China views Saudi Arabia as crucial for regional peace and stability. Regarding US President Trump’s tariffs, China strongly opposes them, stating they undermine global economic rules.

2. **Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and National Development:**

* **Human Capability Development Initiative (HCI) Conference:** The second edition of the HCI conference was held under the patronage of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, focusing on “Beyond Readiness for the Future.” A closed ministerial meeting on “Enabling Skills for the Future: Making Equitable Access to AI Skills” brought together 20 ministers and international experts. Discussions centered on the pivotal role of digital skills, the importance of adapting to future economic and digital transformations, integrating AI skills in education, and fostering international cooperation.

* **”Mutam” Platform and Global Recognition:** The Saudi “Mutam” platform, specializing in surveying and engineering, joined the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) as a member, marking a significant achievement. This aligns with Vision 2030’s goal of enhancing Saudi Arabia’s capabilities in various technological and scientific sectors.

* **Investment in Human Capital:** Minister of Investment Khalid Al-Falih emphasized that developing human skills is a priority for Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. He noted a quadrupling of direct foreign investment and a 40% increase in jobs in these companies. He highlighted the interconnectedness of investment and education, with Vision 2030 focusing on both.

* **Developments in Healthcare Sector:** Under the patronage of the Crown Prince, numerous health projects worth over 5 billion Riyals were inaugurated in Riyadh’s health clusters. These include expansions of existing hospitals, new specialized centers, and primary healthcare facilities, aiming to improve access to high-quality healthcare services in line with the Health Sector Transformation Program, a part of Vision 2030.

* **Advancements in Education and Innovation:** Saudi Arabia achieved the grand prize at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions in 2025. Dr. Saad Al-Anzi from Majmaah University won the “Innovative Inventor” award. Additionally, Saudi participants won 6 international awards and 124 global medals. Umm Al-Qura University also received the French Inventors Federation medal for health-focused innovations. Minister of Education Yousef Al-Benyan congratulated the leadership on these achievements.

* **”Barmj wa Asna’” (Code and Create) Initiative:** The second edition of this initiative was launched in cooperation with non-profit organizations, aiming to empower students in digital skills and future technologies. The first edition saw over 200 student participants, and the second aims to broaden its reach.

* **King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre:** Organized a “Training of Trainers” (TOT) course in Hadramout Governorate, focusing on renewable energy products and traditional cooking methods.

* **Space Authority’s Role:** The Saudi Space Authority plays a pivotal role in enhancing the national economy and opening new horizons in technological, educational, and even military investment. It contributes to diversifying income sources and achieving Vision 2030 goals by developing space infrastructure and fostering innovation.

* **Saudi Cities in the IMD Smart City Index:** Several Saudi cities, including Riyadh, Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, Al-Khobar, and AlUla, were included in the 2025 IMD Smart City Index. This reflects the progress in digital transformation and the Kingdom’s developmental approach under Vision 2030. AlUla is highlighted as a unique model blending heritage, sustainability, and technology.

3. **Economic Developments:**

* **Increased Liquidity in Local Banks:** The Saudi economy’s cash liquidity surpassed 3.033 trillion Riyals by the end of February 2025, attributed to prudent monetary policies and central bank reserves. This has provided local banks with flexibility in offering credit facilities.

* **Cement Sector Performance:** A report indicated a slight decrease in total cement production in March 2025 compared to the previous year, although total inventory increased. Local sales for Riyadh Cement Company declined in March, despite the entire month coinciding with Ramadan this year. Exports, however, saw a significant increase. The CEO of Riyadh Cement stated that sales were good and appropriate during Ramadan 2025, considering the usual slowdown in construction activity during this month, but noted an overall 6% increase in sales in the first quarter compared to 2024 due to ongoing construction projects aligned with Vision 2030.

* **Saudi Arabia as a Potential Logistics Hub:** The article suggests that global trade wars could present Saudi Arabia with an opportunity to become a major global logistics hub for re-export, especially between America and China/Europe. Saudi Arabia’s lower tariffs compared to potential US tariffs could attract increased re-exports. Re-exported goods from Saudi Arabia saw a 42.3% increase in 2024, reaching 90.2 billion Riyals.

4. **Social Issues and Healthcare:**

* **”Azm” Association for Multiple Sclerosis Patients:** The Deputy Governor of Hail received members of the “Azm” Association, which supports patients with multiple sclerosis in the region, acknowledging their efforts in promoting health development programs.

* **Najran as a Healthy City:** The Director-General of the Ministry of Health branch in Najran and the Deputy Chairman of the Healthy Najran City Committee presented the achievements and indicators for the city’s classification according to WHO standards, aligning with Vision 2030 goals. The Governor of Najran also launched “Social Communication” for the health sector in the region.

* **World Parkinson’s Day:** An article highlights the importance of early diagnosis, improved care, and support for Parkinson’s disease patients.

* **Psychological Well-being of Students:** An academic discussed the psychological pressures faced by students, particularly during exams, noting the impact of stress hormones like cortisol, leading to anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances. The crucial role of family support in reassuring students was also mentioned.

* **Challenges to the Saudi Customs Tariff:** The article discusses how the current global economic scene and potential trade wars could offer economic and commercial opportunities for Saudi Arabia, aiming to become a global logistics hub.

5. **Media and Culture:**

* **King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language:** Participated in the Human Capability Development Conference, showcasing its initiatives to support and empower the Arabic language.

* **Saudi Arabia’s Pavilion at Expo 2025 Osaka:** The Kingdom’s pavilion, the second largest after the host country, was inaugurated, inviting visitors to explore Saudi Arabia’s history and promising projects in health, space, and energy, under the umbrella of Vision 2030.

* **Trump Halts Alhurra TV:** US President Donald Trump stopped the funding for Alhurra TV, a US-funded Arabic-language news channel, after over two decades of operation and significant expenditure. This decision led to job losses and marked a controversial end to the network.

* **”Maknana” Exhibition on Digital Art:** An exhibition titled “Maknana” (meaning “automation” or “digitization”) showcases digital artworks by a selection of Saudi and Arab artists, exploring the interaction of Arab artists with the digital environment.

* **Fatima Al-Banawi on “Kalam Nawaem”:** Actress Fatima Al-Banawi appeared on the talk show “Kalam Nawaem,” discussing her sensitivity, empathy, and her project “The Other Story,” which collects personal narratives.

* **Book Review on Early Automobile Introduction in Saudi Arabia:** A review discusses a book comparing the societal reception of camels and early automobiles in the Tabuk region, highlighting the initial astonishment and the eventual shift in transportation.

6. **Sports:**

* **Saudi Professional League:** Al-Ahli defeated Al-Raed 2-0. Real Madrid trails Barcelona by 7 points in the Spanish league. Inter Milan maintains its lead in the Italian Serie A. Manchester City defeated Crystal Palace 5-2 in the English Premier League, with Kevin De Bruyne returning to form.

* **Ancelotti’s Future with Real Madrid:** Ancelotti remains calm about his future despite speculation.

* **Saudi Taekwondo Federation:** The General Assembly of the Saudi Taekwondo Federation withdrew confidence from the current board of directors due to administrative violations and appointed Saban bin Mohammed Al-Shaban to manage the federation for 90 days pending new elections.

* **Use of VAR in Football:** An article discusses the ongoing debate surrounding the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in football, noting that while the technology aims to reduce errors and increase fairness, controversial decisions by referees still occur, sometimes contradicting clear VAR footage and leading to fan dissatisfaction and accusations of bias.

Quotes from Original Sources:

* Regarding the Iran Nuclear Deal: “.” (This G20 framework agreement limits this nuclear agreement and it does not constitute a political agreement recently concluded and not signed between the two countries. The Security Council supported it through Resolution 2231, and the representatives of the international community recognized and considered it a historical agreement that aims to the following settlement: historically, it is one of the most severe crises of nuclear weapons proliferation in the Middle East, guaranteeing its nature and the longest.)

* Minister of Energy on nuclear power: “.” (…the Minister of Energy confirmed the Kingdom’s intention to build a nuclear power plant, including plans for small reactors and a protocol to abolish small quantities into a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency.)

* Minister of Investment on human capital: ” (Minister Al-Falih clarified that human capital is considered among the priorities of Prince Mohammed bin Salman in developing human skills.)

* Saudi Space Authority’s vision: “Saudi( روؤية 2030.” (The Saudi Space Authority plays a pivotal role in enhancing the national economy and opening new horizons for investment in various fields: military, technological, and educational, through international cooperation, innovation, and infrastructure development. The Authority contributes to diversifying sources of income and achieving the goals of the national Vision 2030.)

* Minister of Education on Geneva Inventions Exhibition: .” (The Minister of Education, Abdullah bin Yousef Al-Benyan, congratulated the wise leadership – may God preserve them – on the achievement of Dr. Saad Al-Shadi Al-Anzi, the innovative inventor from Majmaah University, who won the grand prize at the 50th edition of the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions for the year 2025. Furthermore, students from the Kingdom won 6 international awards and 124 global medals during the universities’ and education’s participation in the exhibition.)

* Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman on HCI (implied through patronage): (Under the patronage of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince, Deputy Prime Minister, and Chairman of the Committee of the Human Capability Development Program – may God protect him -, the Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference launched yesterday in its second edition under the slogan “Beyond Readiness for the Future” with the participation of…)

* Minister of State for Foreign Affairs on Oman talks: “المملكة ترحب باستضافة ُعمان للمحادثات اإليرانية – األميركية دول خليجية وعربية: المحادثات خطوة إيجابية ستسهم في تعزيز االستقرار في المنطقة” (The Kingdom welcomes Oman’s hosting of Iranian-American talks. Gulf and Arab states: The talks are a positive step that will contribute to enhancing stability in the region.)

* Chinese Minister Counsellor on US Tariffs: ” (…affirming that China denounces these policies, which it described as destroying the rules of the international economy, by US President Donald Trump.)

* Alhurra TV’s closure: “.” (Today, after more than two decades since its launch, “Alhurra” lowers the curtain – not with a celebration, but silently. Employees of the channel mournfully announce the end of their journey on “LinkedIn,” with poignant messages like “My journey with Alhurra… has ended,” “Looking for a job,” “After 15 years of work… today I became unemployed.”)

This briefing document summarizes the key information and themes present in the provided news excerpts from Al-Riyadh newspaper dated April 14, 2025. It covers a range of topics including international relations, Saudi Arabia’s national development initiatives under Vision 2030, economic trends, social and health issues, media and culture, and sports news, incorporating relevant quotes to illustrate key points.

Saudi Arabia: Developments and Initiatives

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What is the significance of the framework agreement mentioned in the context of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East? The framework agreement mentioned, supported by UN Security Council Resolution 2231, is described as a crucial and long-term settlement aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons in the Middle East. Historically, it is considered one of the most significant agreements to address the crisis of nuclear weapons proliferation and specifically ensures the peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear program.

2. What are Saudi Arabia’s recent intentions and actions regarding nuclear energy? Since August 2009, the Saudi government has been considering launching an independent nuclear energy program. In September 2023, the Minister of Energy confirmed the Kingdom’s intention to build a nuclear power plant. This includes plans to potentially move away from the Small Quantities Protocol to a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency. Additionally, Saudi Arabia is expanding bilateral relations with Washington, focusing on strategic sectors like energy and the environment, as evidenced by a preliminary agreement to broaden cooperation in energy, technical, and mining fields.

3. What is the “Murt” platform and its recent achievement? “Murt” is a Saudi platform and application in the spatial technologies and engineering sector. It recently achieved membership in the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), a significant step towards enhancing the Kingdom’s position in this field globally. “Murt” is the first Saudi platform specializing in surveying and engineering works to attain this prestigious international recognition.

4. What were the main discussion points and outcomes of the Ministerial Roundtable Meeting on Human Capacity Development hosted by Saudi Arabia? The Ministerial Roundtable Meeting focused on the pivotal role of digital skills in human capacity development and the importance of enabling individuals and institutions to keep pace with future economic and digital transformations. Discussions also covered strategies for developing national educational curricula, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) skills and digital education, ensuring equitable access to AI technologies and digital training, and fostering international cooperation to find global solutions. The ministers agreed to issue a joint statement including key visions and recommendations, such as integrating basic AI concepts into national educational curricula and promoting lifelong learning opportunities in AI.

5. How is Saudi Arabia leveraging international events and collaborations to advance its Vision 2030 goals, particularly in human capacity development and technology? Saudi Arabia is actively hosting and participating in international events like the Human Capacity Initiative (HCI) Conference, which brings together global leaders and experts to discuss the future of human capital development. These initiatives, aligned with Vision 2030, aim to establish the Kingdom as an influential force on the international stage. Collaborations with international organizations like UNESCO, the OECD, and the World Bank, as well as the organization of events like the International Education Exhibition (EDGEx) in 2025, demonstrate Saudi Arabia’s commitment to fostering partnerships and knowledge exchange to enhance its human capital and technological capabilities. The Kingdom is also focusing on attracting foreign investments and diversifying its economy through technology and innovation.

6. What were the key health initiatives launched or highlighted in Riyadh, reflecting Saudi Arabia’s focus on healthcare under Vision 2030? Under the patronage of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, significant health projects were inaugurated in the Riyadh region, totaling over 3 billion riyals across nine health clusters. These include the King Saud Medical City’s women’s and children’s hospital (the second medical tower), expansions at King Salman Hospital, new and upgraded primary healthcare centers, urgent care and long-term care facilities, and specialized dental and kidney dialysis centers. These projects aim to enhance access to high-quality healthcare services, improve the efficiency and sustainability of the national health system, and increase the scope and quality of medical care in line with the goals of the Health Sector Transformation Program, a part of Vision 2030.

7. How did Saudi universities and innovators perform at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, and what does this signify for the Kingdom’s innovation landscape? Saudi Arabia achieved significant success at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions in 2025. Dr. Saad Al-Anzi from Majmaah University won the grand prize for innovators, and Saudi participants collectively earned 6 international awards and 124 global medals. This marked a first for an educational organization since the exhibition’s inception. The participation of 134 inventions representing over 1000 global innovations from 35 countries highlights the Kingdom’s growing focus on innovation and the talent within its general, university, and technical education sectors. This achievement underscores the support, motivation, and empowerment of national minds in advancing the innovation landscape.

8. What is the Saudi Space Authority’s role in the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, and what are some of its key initiatives? The Saudi Space Authority plays a pivotal role in bolstering the national economy and opening new avenues for investment in technological, educational, and even military fields through international cooperation, innovation, and infrastructure development. Established in 2018, it aims to diversify sources of income and achieve the objectives of Vision 2030 by fostering technological investment and innovation in the space sector. Key initiatives include the launch of an alliance to support entrepreneurship in the space sector, the “SpaceUp Demo Day” program to nurture emerging companies, and attracting innovative projects. The Authority is also focused on developing advanced technology infrastructure, enhancing internet and communication services, and contributing to advancements in sectors like health and education, aligning with the digital transformation priorities of Vision 2030.

US-Iran Talks in Oman: Regional Support

The sources indicate that there have been talks between Iran and the United States. The Sultanate of Oman hosted these discussions, and this initiative was welcomed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed its support for these efforts and the adoption of dialogue as a means to end all regional and international disputes. The Kingdom stated its hope that the outcomes of the Iranian-American talks would contribute to strengthening security, stability, and peace in the region and the world.

Furthermore, Qatar also welcomed Oman’s hosting of these talks between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America. Qatar’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs emphasized its full support for the approach of dialogue and negotiation to resolve all outstanding issues between America and Iran. This stance is based on Qatar’s firm belief in the importance of consolidating peace, promoting stability, and enhancing security and development at both the regional and international levels.

Kuwait also expressed its welcome for Oman’s hosting of the talks between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America. Similarly, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan affirmed its support for the diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving regional and international conflicts through dialogue, commending Oman’s role in hosting these talks, which contribute to achieving security and stability in the region.

The Secretary-General of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi, also welcomed Oman’s hosting of the talks between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America.

It is worth noting that one source discusses a potential civil nuclear agreement between Saudi Arabia and the United States, outlining its potential benefits for both countries’ energy and economic objectives, as well as the development of peaceful nuclear industries. However, this source does not directly provide information about the Iranian nuclear program.

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

Source discusses the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. This treaty is described as a prominent international treaty that aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. In addition to preventing proliferation, the treaty also focuses on promoting cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and furthering the goal of nuclear disarmament. It is presented as a treaty with the goal of general and complete disarmament and nuclear disarmament. According to source, the nuclear states that are party to the treaty have the sole binding commitment to achieve this disarmament goal.

Saudi Arabia: Peaceful Nuclear Energy and US Cooperation

The sources discuss Saudi nuclear energy in the context of potential agreements and cooperation for peaceful uses.

One source indicates that a civil nuclear agreement between Saudi Arabia and the United States could serve Saudi Arabia’s ambitious goals in the energy sector. This agreement could also benefit the American nuclear industry by potentially revitalizing it. Furthermore, this agreement would authorize a wide range of peaceful nuclear industries.

Another source mentions that Saudi Arabia and the United States have discussed cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy. During a meeting, both sides highlighted the significance of ongoing coordination and the exchange of expertise to bolster the transition towards more sustainable and efficient energy systems.

While other sources discuss Saudi Arabia’s broader energy landscape, such as water production projects and renewable energy initiatives, the direct references to nuclear energy focus on its peaceful applications and the potential for collaboration with the United States in this domain.

US-Saudi Cooperation: Security, Energy, and Economy

The sources indicate existing and potential areas of cooperation between the United States and Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia views its relationship with the United States as a fundamental cornerstone for enhancing the security and economy of the region and the world, given their significant international standing.

One area of cooperation is in regional security and stability. Saudi Arabia welcomed the talks held between Iran and the United States in Oman, expressing hope that the outcomes would contribute to strengthening security, stability, and peace in the region and the world.

Another significant area of cooperation lies in the energy sector. The sources mention discussions and potential agreements related to peaceful uses of nuclear energy. A civil nuclear agreement between Saudi Arabia and the United States could serve Saudi Arabia’s energy sector goals and potentially revitalize the American nuclear industry, authorizing a wide range of peaceful nuclear industries. Both countries have discussed cooperation in this field, emphasizing ongoing coordination and the exchange of expertise to support the transition towards more sustainable and efficient energy systems. Furthermore, the Saudi Minister of Energy met with the US Secretary of Energy to discuss enhancing bilateral cooperation in various aspects of the energy sector, including oil, gas, and petrochemical industries.

The sources also suggest potential for wider economic cooperation and investment. Political changes in the United States are anticipated to potentially lead to faster economic growth and broader investments between the two countries, specifically in the fields of energy and infrastructure, with the aim of achieving future prosperity.

It is also noteworthy that the strategic importance of the US-Saudi relationship is highlighted within a context of shifting global influence, particularly the competition between the US and China. This implies that the cooperation between the US and Saudi Arabia holds significance in the broader geopolitical landscape.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Transformation and Global Ambition

Based on the sources, Vision 2030 is a comprehensive plan with multifaceted goals for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several sources highlight its aim to transform Saudi Arabia into a leading global force across various sectors.

Key aspects and objectives of Vision 2030 discussed in the sources include:

• Economic Diversification: A central goal is to diversify the Saudi economy and reduce its reliance on oil through the development of new sectors and industries. This includes fostering investment in technology and innovation. The Kingdom aims to become a global logistics hub and facilitate re-export activities.
• Human Capital Development: Developing human skills and capabilities is a top priority within Vision 2030. The Human Capability Development Program is specifically designed to achieve this goal. This involves establishing a national educational framework, promoting continuous learning in fields like Artificial Intelligence (AI), and ensuring the education sector aligns with the demands of the labor market, creating new industries and jobs through research and development.
• Technological Advancement and Innovation: Vision 2030 emphasizes enhancing Saudi Arabia’s capabilities in technological and scientific sectors. This includes initiatives in areas like space technology through the Saudi Space Authority, which aims to contribute to the vision’s goals by diversifying income sources and fostering innovation in the space sector. The Kingdom aims to become a leading technological and innovative power.
• Quality of Life Enhancement: The vision focuses on improving the quality of life for its citizens. This includes urban development, fostering innovation in cities, and creating attractive investment opportunities. Projects in the health sector are also aligned with this objective.
• International Influence: Saudi Arabia aims to solidify its position as an influential force on the international stage by leading initiatives in areas like human capability development.
• Sector-Specific Development: Vision 2030 encompasses the development of various sectors:
• Energy: This includes the peaceful uses of nuclear energy [see our conversation history] and a transition towards more sustainable and efficient energy systems.
• Tourism: The development of the tourism sector is a key aspect, with initiatives like the Red Sea Project [see our conversation history] and the focus on cultural heritage.
• Space: The establishment of the Saudi Space Authority underscores the importance of the space sector in achieving the vision’s goals.
• Education and Research: Vision 2030 emphasizes the role of education in meeting the needs of the future workforce and driving innovation.
• Financial Strength: The sources indicate that Saudi Arabia’s financial discipline supports the goals of Vision 2030 and has increased the confidence of international institutions.
• Cultural Development: Initiatives like the King Salman Global Academy for the Arabic Language contribute to supporting and empowering the Arabic language within the framework of Vision 2030, reflecting the integration between language and development. The Saudi pavilion at Expo 2025 Osaka also highlights the Kingdom’s rich culture and transformative journey under Vision 2030.
• Attracting Foreign Investment: Vision 2030 aims to create an attractive environment for international companies and investments.

The success of major projects under Vision 2030 is also contributing to activity in sectors like building and construction. Even hosting significant international events like the “eclipse of the century” in 2027 is seen as aligning with the Kingdom’s ambition under Vision 2030 to be at the forefront of scientific advancement.

Main Headings

• برعاية ولي العهد.. وزاري «الطاولة المستديرة» يبحث «ما بعد الاستعداد للمستقبل» Under the patronage of the Crown Prince, the Ministerial Roundtable discusses “Beyond Future Preparation”
• المملكة وأميركا تبحثان التعاون في الاستخدام السلمي للطاقة النووية The Kingdom and the United States discuss cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
• المملكة وأميركا تبحثان التعاون في الاستخدام السلمي للطاقة النووية The Kingdom and the United States discuss cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
• أمير الرياض يدشن مشروعات صحية بأكثر من سبعة مليارات ريال The Emir of Riyadh inaugurates health projects worth more than seven billion riyals.
• السيولة النقدية في الاقتصاد السعودي تتجاوز 3.033تريليونات ريال Cash liquidity in the Saudi economy exceeds 3.033 trillion riyals.
• تحت شعار من السعودية إلى العالم منصة «متر» السعودية تنطلق نحو العالمية
• وتحصد عضوية الاتحاد الدولي للمساحة Under the slogan “From Saudi Arabia to the World,” the Saudi “Meter” platform is launching its global journey and gaining membership in the International Union of Surveyors.
• المملكة ترحب باستضافة عمان للمحادثات الإيرانية – الأميركية The Kingdom welcomes Amman’s hosting of the Iranian-American talks.
• غارات أميركية جديدة على اليمن New US raids on Yemen

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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