This collection of Arabic news articles from April 2025 covers a diverse range of topics. Several pieces discuss economic matters, including oil production expectations, a decrease in non-oil exports in Saudi Arabia, and European chemical industry concerns over energy costs and competitiveness. Other articles focus on regional conflicts and humanitarian issues, notably the situation in Gaza and an Israeli strike in Lebanon. Cultural and social events are also reported, such as Eid al-Fitr celebrations, a Saudi delegation’s participation in the Bologna Children’s Book Fair, and the enduring nature of poetry across generations. Finally, the sources include sports news, updates on Saudi football teams, and information on the Saudi Green Initiative.

Understanding the Provided Sources: A Study Guide

Quiz: Short Answer Questions

1. According to the text, what is Saudi Arabia’s strategic investment in the cyber domain focused on regarding children?
2. What was the primary expectation for the OPEC+ ministerial meeting mentioned in the article, and what factor introduced uncertainty?
3. In Geneva, what did the Saudi representative deliver on behalf of 75 countries regarding children in the cyber environment?
4. What is the Saudi Green Initiative, and what is its primary goal concerning the Kingdom’s future?
5. What did the Governor of the Jazan region emphasize to the citizens and residents who came to greet him for Eid al-Fitr?
6. Describe one way in which the exchange of Eid greetings has changed in modern times, according to the article.
7. According to the report mentioned, what was a significant observation regarding Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports in the fourth quarter of 2024?
8. What is the objective of the project aimed at improving the governance of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) in Saudi Arabia’s capital market?
9. What is the “Mashaer” project by Umm Al Qura Development Company, and what is its intended impact in Mecca?
10. What was the primary reason for the stabilization of oil prices mentioned in the article despite concerns about global supply?

Quiz: Answer Key

1. Saudi Arabia’s strategic investment in the cyber domain is focused on the protection of children in cyberspace. This includes uniting global efforts to respond to and enhance international cooperation against challenges facing children online.
2. The primary expectation for the OPEC+ ministerial meeting was a continuation of oil production increases, similar to the agreed-upon increases for April and May. However, threats from U.S. President Donald Trump regarding tariffs on Russian crude and potential action against Iran introduced uncertainty due to concerns about their impact on global economic growth and energy demand.
3. In Geneva, the Saudi representative delivered a statement on behalf of 75 countries at the Human Rights Council, emphasizing the importance of building capacities to protect children in the cyber environment. This was done in the context of Saudi Arabia hosting the first global summit of its kind on child cybersecurity.
4. The Saudi Green Initiative is a bold step and a fundamental part of the Kingdom’s future plans. Its primary goal is to envision a more sustainable future where the environment is an essential element of the state’s forward-looking strategies, aiming to combat climate change and protect the planet.
5. The Governor of the Jazan region emphasized the leadership’s care and attention for all citizens and residents, the importance of the citizen’s role in national development and progress, and the need to preserve the nation’s security, safety, capabilities, gains, and the values upon which the country was founded based on Islamic principles.
6. One way the exchange of Eid greetings has changed is the shift from traditional family visits and handwritten cards to digital methods such as social media posts, short text messages, and voice calls. This has made the process faster and more convenient, especially for those living far from family.
7. A significant observation regarding Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports in the fourth quarter of 2024 was a decrease in total non-oil re-exports, reaching 35.2% of total exports. Additionally, non-oil exports via air outlets also decreased compared to the previous quarter.
8. The objective of the project is to enhance the attractiveness of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) as investment vehicles by improving their governance and facilitating their procedures for issuing debt instruments and sukuk. This aims to develop the debt and sukuk market, diversify issuances, and boost liquidity.
9. The “Mashaer” project by Umm Al Qura Development Company is a large-scale development project in Mecca that includes residential units, hotels, retail spaces, and pedestrian walkways, along with infrastructure and services. It aims to be a high-quality addition for visitors of the Grand Mosque and residents of Mecca, representing a shift in real estate development.
10. The primary reason for the stabilization of oil prices was the easing of concerns about the impact of the trade war on global growth, despite threats from President Trump regarding tariffs and Iran. The market’s focus shifted to awaiting the OPEC+ meeting for clearer direction.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the various initiatives and strategies mentioned in the provided texts that demonstrate Saudi Arabia’s commitment to environmental sustainability and its role in global environmental leadership.
2. Discuss the economic diversification efforts highlighted in the articles, focusing on the trends in non-oil exports and the development of new sectors like technology and tourism, as evidenced by the “Mashaer” project.
3. Examine the role of technology and innovation, particularly in the cyber domain and artificial intelligence, as areas of both opportunity and challenge for Saudi Arabia and the global markets, according to the provided sources.
4. Compare and contrast the traditional and modern ways of celebrating Eid al-Fitr as depicted in the texts, and discuss the significance of these celebrations in Saudi Arabian society.
5. Evaluate the factors influencing the global oil market as presented in the articles, including the actions of OPEC+, geopolitical tensions, and the potential impact of economic policies on supply and demand.

Glossary of Key Terms

• الفضاء السيبراني (al-faḍāʾ al-saybarānī): Cyberspace; the interconnected digital environment, including the internet and computer networks.
• أوبك+ (ʾūbik+): OPEC+; an alliance of oil-producing countries, including the 13 members of OPEC and 10 other major non-OPEC oil-exporting nations.
• قمة (qimmah): Summit; a meeting of heads of state or government, usually to discuss important issues.
• المبادرة الخضراء السعودية (al-mubādara al-khaḍrāʾ al-saʿūdiyyah): The Saudi Green Initiative; a national program aimed at enhancing environmental sustainability, reducing emissions, and increasing reliance on clean energy.
• عيد الفطر (ʿīd al-fiṭr): Eid al-Fitr; the Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting.
• الصادرات غير البترولية (al-ṣādirāt ghayr al-bitrūliyyah): Non-oil exports; goods and services exported by a country that are not crude oil or petroleum-based products.
• المنشآت ذات الأغراض الخاصة (al-munshaʾāt dhāt al-ʾaghrāḍ al-khāṣṣah): Special Purpose Entities (SPEs); legal entities created for a specific, narrow, and well-defined purpose.
• حوكمة (ḥawkamah): Governance; the system by which a company or organization is controlled and operated.
• مخزونات الخام (makhzūnāt al-khām): Crude oil inventories; the total amount of unrefined petroleum products held in storage.
• الذكاء الاصطناعي (al-dhakāʾ al-iṣṭināʿī): Artificial Intelligence (AI); the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.
• التصحر (al-taṣaḥḥur): Desertification; the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
• محميات طبيعية (maḥmiyyāt ṭabīʿiyyah): Nature reserves; protected areas of land or sea, designated for the conservation of biodiversity and natural resources.
• التنوع البيولوجي (al-tanawwuʿ al-biyūlūjī): Biodiversity; the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
• الإعمار (al-ʾiʿmār): Reconstruction/Development; the process of rebuilding or developing something that has been damaged or is underdeveloped.
• اكتتاب (ʾiktitāb): Subscription (in finance); the process of offering new shares for sale to the public or existing shareholders.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts (April 2, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the April 2, 2025 issue of the Saudi newspaper “Al Riyadh.” The excerpts cover a wide range of topics, reflecting the diverse interests and ongoing developments within the Kingdom and the broader region.

I. Domestic Developments and Initiatives:

• Technological Advancement and Space Exploration: The Kingdom emphasizes its leading role in space technologies and exploration. Significant progress has been made in recent years, with projects aiming to improve the quality of life and boost economic development through the application of space technologies in sectors like health, agriculture, and education.
• Key Facts: The Kingdom has launched several satellites, including “SaudiSat,” for communications and internet services. It is developing spacecraft like “Al Najm” for space exploration and has launched the “Saudi Space Program” to enhance scientific research and technology development.
• Quote: “تعتبر المملكة من الدول الرائدة يف جمال الفضائية، والتقنيات الفضاء شهدت تطورًا كبيرًا يف السنوات األخيرة ويف العديد من املجاالت، حيث مت يف هذا السبيل إطالق املشاريع والربامج الفضائية التي تعمل على تحسني جودة احلياة وتعزيز التنمية االقتصادية، إضافة إىل تعزيز البحث العلمي يف جمال الفضاء.” (Page 16)
• Key Fact: Saudi Arabia achieved a global first by launching a Saudi research experiment to study and analyze the “Space Microbiome” on the polar orbit of the International Space Station. This is described as a significant step in space exploration and research.
• Protection of Children in Cyberspace: The Kingdom considers protecting children in cyberspace a strategic investment. This is highlighted by the launch of the first global summit of its kind dedicated to child protection in the cyber domain, initiated by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
• Key Idea: The summit aims to unify international efforts to address the challenges facing children in the cyber world.
• Key Fact: Saudi Arabia, represented by Ambassador Abdulmohsen bin Khothaila, delivered a statement on behalf of 75 countries at the Human Rights Council in Geneva, emphasizing the importance of building capabilities to protect children online.
• Environmental Sustainability and the Saudi Green Initiative: The “Saudi Green Initiative” is presented as a bold step and a fundamental part of the Kingdom’s future plans, aiming for a more sustainable future and positioning Saudi Arabia as a leading force in combating climate change.
• Key Ideas: The initiative embodies a comprehensive strategic vision and the Kingdom’s commitment to fighting climate change, protecting the planet, achieving comprehensive development, and building a better future for future generations.
• Key Facts: The initiative aligns with Vision 2030 and includes planting 10 billion trees across the Kingdom and managing vast desert afforestation projects using modern technologies. It aims to restore vegetation cover, combat desertification, and improve air quality.
• Quote: “وتعد مبادرة السعودية الخضراء خطوة جريئة يف تاريخ اململكة، حيث أصبحت البيئة جزءًا أساسيًا من اخلطط املستقبلية للدولة، وبفضل هذه املبادرة أصبح من املمكن تصور مستقبل أكثر استدامة لألجيال القادمة.” (Page 16)
• Key Fact: The anniversary of the Saudi Green Initiative is commemorated on March 27th each year to highlight environmental achievements and support future plans. The Kingdom aims to reduce carbon emissions by 60% by 2030.
• Focus on Citizen Welfare and Development: Prince Mohammed bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz, the Governor of Jazan, emphasized the leadership’s attention to the well-being of citizens and residents, highlighting the importance of the citizen’s role in national development, security, and the preservation of the Kingdom’s values based on Islamic principles.
• Eid Al-Fitr Celebrations and Traditions: The excerpts detail various celebrations across the Kingdom for Eid Al-Fitr, highlighting the joy and social cohesion the occasion brings. Traditional customs like exchanging greetings, which have evolved with social media, and the enduring popularity of “Ma’amoul” (filled cookies) are mentioned. Villages are noted for retaining their special charm during Eid, emphasizing the simplicity and family gatherings of the past.
• King Salman’s Relief Efforts: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre continues its efforts to support affected and needy people in several countries.
• Key Fact: In Syria, the center distributed 976 food baskets and 976 health bags in Jindires, benefiting 5,856 individuals affected by the earthquake. Aid distribution also occurred in northern Syria.
• Key Fact: The center also distributed dates and provided iftar meals to fasting individuals in Argentina, benefiting 54,000 people, along with distributing copies of the Quran.
• King Fahd Cultural Center in Argentina: The center is described as a prominent Islamic landmark in Latin America, having served the Muslim community in Argentina since 2000. It includes a mosque, school, library, and cultural center.
• Development Projects in Makkah: The removal of unplanned neighborhoods in Makkah, adjacent to the central area, is underway. This is seen as enhancing services for visitors to the holy city and residents. However, observations within these areas revealed the informal commercial activity and the challenges of aligning it with Makkah’s global status.

II. Economic Matters:

• Oil Market Anticipation of OPEC+ Meeting: The oil market is awaiting the OPEC+ ministerial committee meeting scheduled for Saturday (April 5th, inferred). Sources indicate OPEC+ is likely to proceed with previously agreed production increases (135,000 barrels per day for May, similar to April).
• Key Trend: Oil prices stabilized near their highest levels in five weeks on Tuesday, as threats from former US President Donald Trump regarding tariffs on Russian crude and potential action against Iran eased concerns about the impact of trade wars on global growth.
• Quote: “يف حني أن العقوبات الأكرث صرامة على إيران وفنزويا وروسيا قد تقيد الإمدادات العاملية، فمن املرجح أن تضعف الرسوم الجمركية الأمريكية الطلب العاملي على الطاقة وتبطئ النمو االقتصادي، مما يؤثر بدوره يف النفط على الطلب على النفط.” (Page 16, quoting Oil Heapalby, analyst at ANZ Bank)
• Key Concern: Analysts highlight the potential for US tariffs to weaken global energy demand and slow economic growth, offsetting the impact of supply constraints from sanctions.
• Non-Oil Exports: A report from the General Authority for Statistics on non-oil exports during the fourth quarter of 2024 is discussed.
• Key Observation: A significant decrease in total non-oil re-exports (reaching 35.2%) and a decrease in total imports (55.3%) were noted compared to previous periods.
• Key Idea: The export process is complex and influenced by many factors beyond government control. There is a need to work on overcoming obstacles, enhancing the internal export environment, and proactively adapting to changes through scenario planning.
• Key Data: The UAE remained the top destination for non-oil exports (26.7%), followed by India (9.4%) and China (8.1%) as of November 2024.
• Key Recommendation: Diversifying export destinations, particularly focusing on African (excluding Arab and Islamic), Latin American, and non-EU European countries, is crucial.
• Investment Opportunities and Challenges: A report from HSBC Private Banking highlights key priorities for the second quarter of 2025, including adapting to AI and global profit growth driven by clean energy and AI service providers.
• Key Idea: Diversifying across asset classes, economic sectors, geographical regions, and currencies offers opportunities to enhance risk-adjusted returns.
• Key Observation: While the global economy faces challenges, it remains resilient due to increased government and corporate spending on innovation and rising productivity.
• Regional Strength: The economies of Saudi Arabia and the UAE are seen as strong compared to others in the Gulf Cooperation Council, supported by sovereign wealth, robust reserves, and ongoing structural reforms and infrastructure projects.
• Challenge: The increasing commercial frictions and the rise of AI-based innovations pose significant challenges to markets, requiring wealthy clients to adapt.
• Capital Market Authority (CMA) Initiative: The CMA has invited public feedback on a draft to improve the governance of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) and streamline their procedures.
• Key Objective: To enhance the attractiveness of SPEs as investment vehicles for specific purposes and facilitate the issuance of debt instruments (Sukuk and bonds).
• Expected Outcome: The project aims to develop the Sukuk and debt instrument market, diversify issuances, and boost liquidity.
• Significant Growth: The number of established SPEs saw a significant increase from 464 between 2018 and 2023 to 945 existing entities.
• Listing of Umm Al-Qura for Development and Construction Company: The IPO of Umm Al-Qura is highlighted as a significant event reflecting the maturity of the Saudi capital market and the depth of the Kingdom’s investment vision.
• Key Fact: The IPO offered 130,786,142 ordinary shares, reflecting strong investor confidence.
• Project Details: The proceeds will primarily fund the “Masar” project in Makkah, a large-scale development including 54 residential projects, 66 hotel towers, 4 commercial projects, and a 3.6 km pedestrian walkway, aiming to enhance the experience for visitors and residents.
• Positive Indicator: The fully subscribed and oversubscribed IPO demonstrates the solid faith investors have in the Saudi economy and the attractiveness of available investment opportunities.
• Shell’s Asset Sale in Singapore and Market Dynamics: Shell completed the sale of its Bukom and Jurong Island refining and petrochemical assets in Singapore to Chandra Asri Petrochemical (CAP).
• Market Shift: The new owners have already begun purchasing raw materials, indicating a change in market dynamics.
• Supply Chain Adjustments: Chandra Asri has undertaken several spot purchases of naphtha and assumed responsibility for supplying raw petrochemical materials to Astarte for Singapore shipments.
• Unusual Trade Flows: Data shows rare shipments of Canadian crude oil heading to Singapore under Glencore’s trading operations, coinciding with Shell’s divestment.
• Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) Disruptions: Russia ordered the closure of three mooring stations of the CPC, which handles about 1% of global oil supplies from Kazakhstan’s Kashagan field.
• Reason: Ostensibly due to surprise inspections by the Russian transport regulatory authority.
• Potential Impact: The halt could lead to a significant decrease in oil exports if it lasts more than a week.
• Geopolitical Context: The move came shortly after reports of former US President Trump being dissatisfied with Russia and the progress of peace talks with Ukraine, along with his tariff threats. Russia also cited previous technical issues, storms, and a Ukrainian drone attack affecting the pipeline’s operations.
• European Commission and Chemical Industry: The European Commission is working to help the chemical sector manage high energy prices, modernization costs, and the transition.
• Key Objective: To enhance the sector’s competitiveness.
• Urgent Need: Updating steam cracking units older than 40 years is crucial due to their environmental inefficiency and weak performance.
• Call for Action: Eight European countries urged measures to support chemical production amid rising costs and competition. They emphasized the importance of a proposed “Critical Raw Materials Act” in supporting the development and decarbonization of chemical plants and promoting alternative carbon sources.
• Plant Closures: Several chemical plants and cracking units in Europe have closed or are operating at reduced rates due to high costs and fading competitive advantages. Similar challenges and closures are affecting polyolefin plants in Southeast Asia due to weak profit margins, oversupply, and high naphtha prices. The cost of producing ethylene from naphtha in Asia is significantly higher than in Saudi Arabia and the US, putting pressure on Asian producers.

III. Regional and International Affairs:

• Israeli Strike in Southern Beirut: An Israeli airstrike on a southern suburb of Beirut killed a Hezbollah official, leading to condemnation from Lebanese officials and raising concerns about escalating tensions.
• Casualty: A “field official” ( مسؤول حزبي) in Hezbollah was killed.
• Lebanese Reaction: President Michel Aoun described the strike as a dangerous warning about hostile intentions against Lebanon and a blatant violation of UN Resolution 1701. Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri, a Hezbollah ally, called it an attempt to sabotage the ceasefire agreement. Hezbollah MP Ibrahim Al-Moussawi also condemned the attack.
• Hezbollah’s Response: While condemning the attack, Hezbollah’s immediate response was cautious, with some suggesting the group might be overestimating its strength.
• UN Resolution 1701: The strike is seen as a clear breach of the resolution that ended the 2006 war between Israel and Hezbollah.
• Syrian Political Developments: The United States considered the formation of a new Syrian government a positive step but stated that it would not ease restrictions until progress is made on priorities, including combating “terrorism.”
• Gaza Humanitarian Crisis: The situation in Gaza is dire, with accusations against Israel of deliberately causing mass starvation by closing crossings and preventing the entry of aid.
• Accusations: The Palestinian side claims Israel has prevented the entry of 18,600 truckloads of aid and essential fuel since the start of the war, bombed over 60 food kitchens and distribution centers, and targeted bakeries.
• Bakery Closures: The head of the bakery owners’ association in Gaza reported that all bakeries have closed due to the depletion of flour and fuel as a result of the ongoing siege and prevention of aid.
• International Aid Obstruction: The UN humanitarian affairs agency reported that Israeli authorities rejected 40 out of 49 requests to coordinate aid deliveries to Gaza in March.
• Impact on Children: Over 100 children are reportedly killed or injured daily in Gaza, with more than 15,000 killed and over 34,000 injured in recent months. UNICEF emphasized the urgent need for humanitarian access and protection for children.

IV. Social and Cultural Snippets:

• The “Ardah” as a Leading Folk Art: The “Ardah” (traditional Saudi sword dance) is highlighted as a prominent and captivating folk art, enjoying significant popularity.
• Role of Poetry in Connecting Generations: Poetry is presented as a powerful medium for sharing feelings, ideas, and cultural heritage across generations, with traditional poems being passed down and cherished.
• Saudi Arabia’s Commitment to Pilgrims and Visitors: The Kingdom’s efforts to ensure the safety, security, and tranquility of pilgrims, visitors, and residents are emphasized, rooted in Islamic values and the teachings of the Quran. The dedication of Saudi security personnel is commended.
• The Significance of Eid Celebrations: Eid is described as embodying profound human values, fostering social cohesion, preserving heritage, and emphasizing the balance between work and rest. The spiritual and social dimensions of Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha are highlighted, focusing on gratitude, compassion, and strengthening family ties.
• Importance of Laws and Regulations: The necessity of adhering to laws and regulations for the security, justice, and equality of societies is stressed. Violating these norms leads to chaos and hinders progress and the protection of individual and societal rights.
• Khaled Abdulrahman’s Eid Concert: The renowned artist Khaled Abdulrahman held a successful Eid concert in Qassim, part of a series organized by the General Entertainment Authority (GEA).
• Youssef Farah’s Musical Ventures: Actress Youssef Farah is pursuing a singing career alongside her acting, having released several songs in 2024 and preparing new releases for Eid Al-Fitr.

V. Sports Highlights:

• Saudi National Futsal Team Camp in Vietnam: The national futsal team is holding an overseas training camp in Vietnam in preparation for the Asian Cup qualifiers.
• Saudi National Football Team’s World Cup Qualifiers: The national football team faces crucial matches in the World Cup qualifiers, needing to secure points to improve their chances of direct qualification or reaching the playoffs.
• Al-Ittihad Reaches King’s Cup Final: Al-Ittihad qualified for the King’s Cup final after an exciting victory over Al-Shabab.
• Al-Qadsiah and Al-Raed Compete for Second Final Spot: Al-Qadsiah and Al-Raed are set to play in the second King’s Cup semi-final match.
• Al-Faisaly vs. Al-Batin and Jeddah vs. Al-Hazm League Matches: Previews of upcoming league matches are provided, highlighting team standings and key players.
• Mosaab Al-Juwair: A Rising Football Talent: Young player Mosaab Al-Juwair is highlighted as a promising talent in Saudi football, showcasing impressive performances for Al-Shabab and earning recognition as a key player for the national team. He has received multiple “Roshen League Young Player of the Month” awards and is attracting interest from both local and European clubs.
• Japan’s Football Development: From 2005 Dream to 2050 Vision: The remarkable progress of Japanese football over the years is discussed, tracing its roots to a long-term vision set in 2005 to win the World Cup by 2050. Factors contributing to this development include investing in youth academies, focusing on tactical and intellectual development, strong school football programs (boosted by the “Captain Tsubasa” manga), and sending talents to Brazil (though this strategy was later revised). Japan’s hosting of the 2002 World Cup marked a significant milestone.
• Al-Riyadh Club’s Role in Developing Young Talents: Despite limited financial resources, Al-Riyadh Club plays a vital role in developing young football talents through its academy and youth teams, providing a platform for promising players and employing a comprehensive training and scouting strategy.

VI. Miscellaneous:

• “Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority” Inspection Campaigns: The authority conducted over 12,000 inspection visits in March 2025 across various commercial sectors to ensure compliance with tax regulations and combat violations like not issuing e-invoices. Consumers are encouraged to report violations.
• Al-Aan Heritage Palace in Najran: The palace, known for its unique architecture, attracts visitors during Eid Al-Fitr, showcasing the region’s heritage and traditional crafts.
• Drowning Prevention Awareness: The Civil Defense in the Eastern Province issued warnings about drowning hazards during Eid gatherings, particularly around swimming pools, emphasizing the importance of supervision and safety measures.
• Psychological Well-being during Eid: A consultant psychiatrist emphasizes the psychological benefits of Eid celebrations, including breaking routine, fostering social connection, spreading optimism, and promoting a sense of belonging and self-esteem.

This briefing provides a comprehensive overview of the key information presented in the “Al Riyadh” newspaper excerpts, highlighting domestic developments, economic trends, regional issues, social observations, and sports news as of April 2, 2025.

FAQ: Key Themes from the Saudi Arabian Newspaper “Al Riyadh” (April 2, 2025)

1. What strategic importance does Saudi Arabia place on protecting children in cyberspace? Saudi Arabia considers protecting children in cyberspace a strategic investment, recognizing its role in enhancing the quality of life and fostering development. This commitment was highlighted during the launch of the first global cyber security summit for child protection, an initiative by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman aimed at unifying international efforts to address threats faced by children online and build capabilities in this area.

2. What are some recent advancements and initiatives by Saudi Arabia in the space sector? Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in its space program. This includes the launch of several satellites like “Shaheen” for telecommunications and internet services, the development of spacecraft such as “Najm” for space exploration, and the launch of the Saudi Space Program aimed at promoting scientific research and technological advancement in space. A notable achievement is the launch of the first Saudi research mission to study and analyze the space microbiome in low Earth orbit, marking a significant step in space exploration and research.

3. What is the outlook for the oil market according to the article, particularly concerning OPEC+ decisions and global economic factors? The oil market is closely watching the upcoming OPEC+ ministerial committee meeting in April. Sources indicate that OPEC+ is expected to proceed with planned production increases. Oil prices stabilized recently, despite earlier concerns related to potential US tariffs on Russian crude and tensions with Iran. However, analysts suggest that while stricter sanctions on Iran, Venezuela, and Russia could limit global supply, US tariffs might weaken global energy demand and slow economic growth, making a clear market direction uncertain.

4. How is Saudi Arabia demonstrating its commitment to combating climate change and promoting environmental sustainability? Saudi Arabia views environmental protection as a fundamental part of its future plans, exemplified by the Saudi Green Initiative. This initiative aims to create a more sustainable future by focusing on increasing reliance on renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, protecting 30% of the Kingdom’s land as natural reserves to conserve biodiversity, and planting 10 billion trees across the country in the coming decades to combat desertification and improve air quality. The Kingdom is actively working towards achieving its goal of reducing carbon emissions by 60% by 2030.

5. How has the celebration of Eid Al-Fitr evolved in Saudi Arabia with the rise of social media and the internet? While traditional in-person family visits were the primary way of exchanging Eid greetings in the past, the rise of social media and the internet has led to a significant shift. Now, phone calls, voice messages, short text messages on platforms like Twitter, and posts on Facebook and Instagram have become common and efficient ways to convey festive wishes, especially for those living far from family or with busy schedules.

6. What are the key challenges and opportunities identified in the non-oil export sector in Saudi Arabia? Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports saw a decrease in the fourth quarter of 2024, along with a decline in re-exports and air freight exports. The primary destination for non-oil exports remains the UAE, followed by India and China. While challenges such as external controls and existing technical regulations in potential markets exist, there is significant room for improvement by enhancing the internal export environment, adapting to changing conditions through forecasting, and diversifying export destinations to regions like Africa (excluding Arab and Islamic nations), Latin America, and non-EU European countries.

7. What are the primary objectives of Saudi Arabia’s project to enhance the attractiveness of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) through improved governance? The Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) is undertaking a project to improve the governance of SPEs to enhance their appeal for investment purposes and facilitate their procedures for issuing debt instruments and sukuk. The project aims to strengthen the legal standing of SPEs, develop the debt and sukuk market, diversify issuances, increase investment opportunities, and boost liquidity. Key aspects of the reform include adding requirements for the personal guardian of the SPE and developing provisions for their dismissal, as well as reviewing the independence requirements for the SPE’s board members from the founder and sponsor.

8. What does the successful IPO of Umm Al-Qura for Development and Construction signify for the Saudi Arabian economy and real estate market? The IPO of Umm Al-Qura for Development and Construction is seen as a significant milestone, reflecting the maturity of the Saudi financial market and the depth of the Kingdom’s investment vision. This IPO, aimed at funding the “Masar Destination” project in Makkah, which includes hotels, residential towers, and commercial spaces, signifies a redefinition of real estate development in the holy city. The strong investor confidence and full subscription of the IPO underscore the resilience of the Saudi economy and the attractiveness of available investment opportunities, aligning with the goals of Vision 2030 to develop promising sectors and accommodate major projects.

OPEC+, Production, and Global Oil Market Dynamics

The sources discuss OPEC+ oil production in the context of several factors.

Kazakhstan’s Production and OPEC+ Agreement: According to the sources, Kazakhstan has exceeded its oil production quotas as part of an agreement between OPEC+ producers and their allies, including Russia.

Russia’s Production Challenges: The sources indicate that Russia, also part of OPEC+, is facing difficulties in persuading companies operating its oil fields to reduce production.

Potential Impact of US Tariffs on Russian Oil: There is mention of threats by the US to impose tariffs on Russian oil, the second-largest global oil exporter, which could disrupt supplies and potentially affect global oil markets.

OPEC+ Supply and Global Demand: One source states that OPEC+ is increasing its supply. Simultaneously, there are concerns that a slowdown in global economic growth and specifically in China could lead to a decrease in the demand for fuel, potentially offsetting any reduction in supply caused by the tariff threats.

Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) Disruption: The sources report a temporary disruption in the flow of oil through the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), which exports approximately 1% of global oil supplies. This occurred after inspection operations by the Russian transport regulator. The disruption could lead to a further decrease in oil exports if it persists for more than a week.

Kazakhstan’s Response to CPC Disruption: Due to the reduced volume of oil flowing through the CPC pipeline, Kazakhstan is reportedly considering reducing its oil production.

Gaza: Humanitarian Crisis and Allegations of Genocide

The sources indicate a severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza. According to the governmental media office in Gaza, the sector is dying gradually due to starvation and collective extermination carried out by the Israeli occupation against civilian life, resulting in the killing of children and women.

The Israeli occupation is accused of exceeding all limits in its actions against unarmed civilians. The media office calls these actions a “crime of genocide” and demands urgent international intervention to stop it.

The sources also highlight the following:

• A call for the International community to take immediate action to stop the “crime of genocide”.
• A demand to hold Israeli war criminals and those responsible for the aggression accountable before international courts.
• A request for an immediate international and independent investigation into the various war crimes committed by the occupation against the Palestinian people.
• A call to exert pressure and compel the occupation to end the unjust siege on Gaza.
• A necessity for allowing the entry of humanitarian aid, fuel, and medical supplies without any restrictions, especially for wounded civilians and newborns.

Protecting Children in Cyberspace: An International Responsibility

The sources do not contain information about a “Cyber security summit”. However, one of the main themes discussed in the provided excerpts is the protection of children in cyberspace.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers protecting children in the cyber environment a strategic investment for a more secure and sustainable future. The statement highlights that this issue is not merely a technological challenge but a crucial investment.

The sources emphasize that many nations, particularly those facing developmental challenges, still lack the necessary digital infrastructure and resources to protect children from online risks. This necessitates strengthening capacity building and bridging these gaps through international support.

The sources also include a statement calling for unifying international efforts and partnerships between governments and the private sector to develop practical and sustainable solutions for child protection. It further urges the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide technical assistance to countries in need, including developing national legislation, training those working in law enforcement, and establishing safe reporting mechanisms.

The excerpts conclude by affirming that protecting children in cyberspace is a shared international responsibility that requires ensuring the digital world is a safe environment where children’s rights are respected and their dignity is guaranteed. This statement aligns with the Kingdom’s ongoing efforts and concern for protecting and enhancing the safety and well-being of children in the digital environment.

Therefore, while the sources do not address a specific “Cyber security summit,” they extensively discuss the critical cybersecurity issue of child protection in the digital realm and the necessary collaborative efforts to address it.

Jazan Region Eid al-Fitr Celebrations and Governor’s Address

The sources mention celebrations in the Jazan region specifically in the context of Eid al-Fitr. His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz, the Governor of the Jazan region, received well-wishers on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr.

The well-wishers included deputies of governorates, heads of centers, tribal chiefs, and a group of citizens who came to greet His Royal Highness and offer their congratulations on the arrival of Eid al-Fitr.

During this reception, the Prince emphasized the attention and care provided by the wise leadership to all citizens and residents of the Jazan region, with the aim of ensuring their comfort and prosperity. He also underscored the significant role of citizens in the national development and progress of the country, as well as the importance of preserving security, safety, capabilities, achievements, and the values upon which the Kingdom was founded – the principles of Islam and Islamic law. The Governor concluded by praying to God for the continued security and well-being of the nation.

Therefore, the celebration in the Jazan region, as highlighted in the sources, centered around the traditional greetings and expressions of goodwill on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr, along with the Governor’s address emphasizing national values and the leadership’s commitment to the well-being of the region’s inhabitants.

Saudi Non-Oil Export Diversification: Destinations and Challenges

The sources discuss Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports and the importance of diversifying their destinations. It is stated that without a doubt, non-oil exports are crucial, and the primary destination for these exports was the UAE, followed by India and then China, as of November 2024.

The source emphasizes the need to increase focus on African countries (excluding Arab and Islamic ones), Latin America, and non-EU European Union countries. Despite the anticipated potential, the Kingdom’s exports to these nations still face challenges due to technical and regulatory factors, which hinder their access compared to other countries within the EU.

The source does not explicitly mention a decline in non-oil exports. Instead, it focuses on the process of exporting as a highly complex and dynamic operation influenced by numerous factors, many of which are beyond the control of governments. It suggests that there is significant room for improvement by working to overcome all obstacles and enhancing the internal environment and sustainability of exports. This improvement should be proactive, adapting to changing conditions and variables through scenario forecasting.

In summary, while the source highlights the significance of non-oil exports and the need for diversification along with the challenges in accessing certain markets, it does not provide information indicating a decline in these exports.

Main Headings

• المملكة: حماية الأطفال في الفضاء السيبراني استثمار استراتيجي Kingdom: Protecting children in cyberspace is a strategic investment
• المملكة ترحب بتوقيع طاجيكستان وقرغيزستان وأوزباكستان معاهدة الحدود المشتركة The Kingdom welcomes the signing of the Joint Border Treaty by Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan.
• مجلس التنفيذيين اللبنانيين» يعزز العلاقات مع المملكة The Lebanese Executive Council strengthens relations with the Kingdom.
• المدى البصري ، نوال الجبر Visual range, Nawal Al-Jaber
• سوق النفط يترقب اجتماع «وزارية أوبك..»+ السبت The oil market awaits the OPEC+ ministerial meeting on Saturday.
• السعودية الخضراء..» حضور عالمي لمكافحة التغير المناخي Green Saudi Arabia: A Global Presence to Combat Climate Change
• إســــــرائــــــيــــــل) تـــقـــتـــل مـــــــســـــــ ً ؤولا فــــــي حــــــــزب الـــلـــه ، غـزة تمـوت تدريجيـاً (Israel) kills a Hezbollah official, Gaza is gradually dying
• أميـر جــازان يستقـبل المهنئيــن بالــعيـد Emir of Jazan receives Eid well-wishers
• أمير تبوك يلتقي أهالي تيماء Emir of Tabuk meets with Tayma residents
• محافظ الدرعية يرعى حفل العرضة السعودية The Governor of Diriyah sponsors the Saudi Ardah ceremony.
• أهالي وادي الدواسر يحتفلون بالعيد Wadi Ad-Dawasir residents celebrate Eid
• العرضة والسامري في عيد عفيف Al-Ardah and Al-Samri on Eid Al-Afif
• القنصلية في سيدني تنظم فعاليات وأنشطة رياضية للطلاب The Consulate in Sydney organizes sports events and activities for students.
• السفارة السعودية في أميركا تحتفل بعيد الفطر The Saudi Embassy in the United States celebrates Eid al-Fitr.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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