Multiple articles from the Al Riyadh newspaper discuss various topics including Saudi Arabia’s environmental initiatives, particularly the Riyadh Green project aimed at increasing green spaces and improving air quality in the capital. Coverage is also given to Eid al-Fitr celebrations and related activities, such as holiday shopping trends, the role of social media in festivities, and travel patterns. Additionally, the paper reports on economic matters, including Saudi Arabia’s real estate sector, global oil market trends and forecasts, and the impact of international policies on energy markets. Finally, diplomatic news is present, such as the Kingdom’s welcome of the new Syrian government and the Crown Prince’s discussions with Lebanese officials.

Study Guide: Analysis of “Al-Riyadh” Newspaper Articles (March 31, 2025)

This study guide is designed to help you review and understand the provided excerpts from the “Al-Riyadh” newspaper published on March 31, 2025. It includes a quiz to test your comprehension, essay format questions to encourage deeper analysis, and a glossary of key terms.

Quiz: Short Answer Questions

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each, based on the provided text.

1. What are the three main objectives of the Saudi Green Initiative as outlined in the article?
2. According to the article, what is the specific goal of the “Riyadh Green Project” in relation to the Vision 2030 objectives?
3. What is the total investment allocated for the implementation of the Riyadh Green Project, and what are two key targets this investment aims to achieve?
4. What was the occasion for which King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud performed prayers at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah, as mentioned in the news?
5. What was the main message conveyed in the Crown Prince’s directives regarding real estate in Riyadh, according to the article?
6. Based on the travel trends reported, what is a significant factor influencing travel patterns of Saudi residents during Eid Al-Fitr in 2025?
7. What is a notable shift in consumer behavior observed in Saudi Arabia during the Eid Al-Fitr season of 2025, according to the “Toluna” and “Markettiers Lab” survey?
8. What were the Alawi fighters in northwestern Syria urged to do by President Bashar al-Assad, as reported in one of the articles?
9. According to the article, what is the condition set by the commander of the Sudanese army, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, for achieving peace with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF)?
10. What was a significant reason cited for Saudi Arabia’s successful bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup?

Quiz Answer Key

1. The three main objectives of the Saudi Green Initiative are reducing carbon emissions, protecting land and sea areas, and afforestation and land reclamation. The initiative aims for a comprehensive approach to address climate change.
2. The “Riyadh Green Project” is considered one of the largest and most ambitious afforestation projects globally and directly contributes to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 by raising Riyadh’s ranking among the world’s green cities.
3. The total investment for the Riyadh Green Project is thirty billion riyals. This investment aims to plant over 15 million trees and increase the per capita share of green spaces in Riyadh from 1.7 to 28 square meters by 2030.
4. King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud performed the Eid Al-Fitr prayer at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah. This prayer was offered on the morning of Eid Al-Fitr Al-Mubarak.
5. The Crown Prince’s directives regarding real estate in Riyadh focused on providing more planned and developed land plots, expressing hope for similar measures in other regions suffering from land scarcity and high prices, and emphasizing the need to achieve balance between supply and demand.
6. A significant factor influencing travel patterns of Saudi residents during Eid Al-Fitr in 2025 is the increasing interest in cultural and recreational travel, alongside traditional family visits, leading to exploration of diverse destinations in Europe and Asia.
7. A notable shift in consumer behavior during Eid Al-Fitr 2025 in Saudi Arabia is an increased focus on social gatherings, cultural activities, and luxury shopping experiences, leading to higher spending across various sectors.
8. President Bashar al-Assad urged the Alawi fighters in northwestern Syria to surrender their weapons and themselves “before it is too late.” He accused them of attacking all Syrians and committing unforgivable sins.
9. The commander of the Sudanese army, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, stated that there would be no peace with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) until the latter surrendered their weapons. He dismissed any negotiations until this condition is met.
10. A significant reason cited for Saudi Arabia’s successful bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup is its advanced infrastructure and substantial investments in modern stadiums, transportation, and hospitality, along with strong government and sports sector support aligned with Vision 2030.

Essay Format Questions

Consider the following questions for essay writing. Develop well-structured arguments using evidence and examples from the provided text.

1. Analyze the interconnectedness between the Saudi Green Initiative and the broader goals of Saudi Vision 2030, as presented in the “Al-Riyadh” excerpts. Discuss the specific targets and investments mentioned, and evaluate their potential impact on the Kingdom’s environmental and economic future.
2. Compare and contrast the domestic and international events reported in the “Al-Riyadh” articles on March 31, 2025. Discuss the key themes that emerge from these reports and analyze how they reflect the political, social, and economic landscape of the region and the world.
3. Examine the coverage of Eid Al-Fitr in the provided “Al-Riyadh” articles. Analyze how the newspaper portrays the religious, social, and economic significance of the holiday, considering aspects such as prayers, community activities, travel trends, and consumer behavior.
4. Discuss the various conflicts and tensions highlighted in the international news sections of the “Al-Riyadh” excerpts, including the situations in Syria and Sudan. Analyze the stated positions of different actors and the potential implications of these conflicts for regional stability.
5. Evaluate the reporting on economic trends in Saudi Arabia and the global oil market as presented in the “Al-Riyadh” articles. Analyze the data and forecasts provided, and discuss the factors that are influencing these trends, including government initiatives, international policies, and market dynamics.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Saudi Green Initiative: A national initiative in Saudi Arabia with comprehensive goals focused on reducing carbon emissions, protecting land and sea, and promoting afforestation.
• Riyadh Green Project: A specific afforestation project within the Saudi Green Initiative aimed at increasing green spaces in the city of Riyadh and improving its environmental sustainability, contributing to Vision 2030.
• Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia’s ambitious long-term plan for economic diversification, social reform, and sustainable development.
• Eid Al-Fitr Al-Mubarak: The Islamic holiday that marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan, celebrated with prayers, family gatherings, and festivities.
• Crown Prince: The heir apparent to the throne in a monarchy. In the context of the articles, it refers to Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in Saudi Arabia.
• Real Estate Sector: The industry related to the buying, selling, leasing, and development of land and buildings.
• Consumer Behavior: The study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items.
• Alawi Fighters: Refers to a specific group of fighters in northwestern Syria who were urged to surrender by President Bashar al-Assad. The Alawites are a religious minority in Syria.
• Rapid Support Forces (RSF): A paramilitary group in Sudan involved in a conflict with the Sudanese army.
• FIFA World Cup 2034: The international football tournament that Saudi Arabia has won the bid to host in the year 2034.
• Non-oil Exports: Goods and services exported by a country that are not related to petroleum products, indicating economic diversification.
• Imports: Goods and services brought into a country from another country.
• Balance of Trade: The difference between the value of a country’s exports and the value of its imports.
• OPEC: The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a group of oil-producing nations that coordinate their petroleum policies.
• Brent Crude: A major benchmark price for purchases of crude oil worldwide, used here in the context of oil market analysis.
• Internal Tourism: Travel and tourism activities undertaken by residents within their own country.

Al Riyadh Newspaper Review: Themes and Ideas

BRIEFING DOCUMENT

Date: October 26, 2023 (Assuming context based on future dates in the text – actual date will be different)

Subject: Review of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts – Key Themes and Ideas

This briefing document summarizes the main themes and important ideas presented in the provided excerpts from the “Al Riyadh” newspaper (Issue 20728, dated Monday, March 31, 2025). The excerpts cover a range of topics, including environmental initiatives, Eid al-Fitr celebrations and related consumer behavior, international and domestic travel trends, oil market analysis, regional political developments, and local news.

**I. Environmental Initiatives and Sustainable Development:**

* **The Saudi Green Initiative:** This initiative is highlighted as a comprehensive plan with three main objectives: reducing carbon emissions, protecting land and sea areas, and afforestation and land reclamation.

* Quote: “وطويلة م�ستدامة خطة تنفيذ على اخل�سراء ال�سعودية مبادرة ت�سرف تقليل هي: �ساملة اأه��داف بثالثة املبادرة وت�سرت�سد املناخي، للعمل الأج�ل املناطق وحماية الأرا�سي، وا�ست�سالح والت�سجري الكربونية، النبعاثات الربية والبحرية.” (Translation: The Saudi Green Initiative aims to reduce emissions through a comprehensive three-pronged plan focusing on climate action, protecting land and coastal areas, and afforestation and reclamation.)

* **Kingdom’s Net-Zero Target:** Saudi Arabia announced its aim to reach net-zero emissions by 2060, positioning this target as a crucial benchmark for evaluating a nation’s commitment to addressing climate change and environmental protection.

* Quote: “ويف مواجهة اأزمة التغري املناخي اأُ�س�ست هذه املبادرة، والتي كانت قاعدة ال�سفري يف اإلى احلياد للو�سول تهدف اأنها اململكة اأعلنت النطالقة، حيث عام 2060، ول �سك اأن حتديد موعد للو�سول اإلى احلياد ال�سفري بات من اأهم املعايري لتحديد م�سار كل دولة يف معاجلة التغري املناخي وحماية البيئة على عملية يف هذا املجال البيئي.” (Translation: This initiative was established to confront the climate change crisis, with the Kingdom announcing its launch aiming to reach net-zero by 2060. Setting a net-zero target has become one of the most important criteria for determining each country’s path in addressing climate change and protecting the environment.)

* **The Riyadh Green Project:** This is identified as one of the largest afforestation projects globally and a key contributor to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030.

* It aims to increase the per capita share of green space in Riyadh, expand the total green areas, and intensify tree planting across the city, utilizing treated water for irrigation.

* The project is expected to improve air quality and reduce city temperatures.

* An investment of thirty billion riyals is allocated for projects related to environmental protection and conservation, targeting the planting of over 15 million trees.

* The per capita share of green space is projected to increase from 1.7 square meters to 28 square meters by 2030, potentially reducing Riyadh’s temperature by 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius.

* Over 3,300 parks of various sizes and 43 large parks will be established to enhance the quality of life.

* Quote: “ويف هذا الإطار يعد م�سروع الريا�ض اخل�سراء واحدًا من اأكرث م�سروعات اأحد امل�ساهمة يف حتقيق م�سروعات اأحد العامل، وهو الت�سجري طموحًا يف الريا�ض بني نظرياتها مدينة ت�سنيف برفع »2030 ال�سعودية »روؤية اأهداف من مدن العامل مب�سيئة الله.” (Translation: In this context, the Riyadh Green Project is considered one of the largest projects globally and a significant contributor to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, aiming to elevate Riyadh’s ranking among world cities, God willing.)

* Quote: “ي�ساهم يف حت�سني جودة الهواء وخف�ض درجات احلرارة يف املدينة.” (Translation: It contributes to improving air quality and reducing temperatures in the city.)

* Quote: “ويف نطاق ال�ستثمار �سيتم يف م�سروع الريا�ض اخل�سراء تنفيذه بثالثني مليار ريال يف تاأ�سي�ض م�سروعات لها عالقة بحماية البيئة واملحافظة عليها، التي ت�ستهدف غر�ض ما يزيد على 15 مليون �سجرة، ورفع معدل ن�سيب الفرد النطاق احل�سري 28 مرتًا مربعًا داخل اإلى 1.7 امل�ساحات اخل�سراء من من 2030، مما �سي�سفر عن خف�ض ملمو�ض يف درج�ات احل�رارة يف بحلول عام الريا�ض من 1.5 درجة اإلى درجتني، بالإ�سافة اإلى ذلك �سيتم توفري اأكرث من 3300 حديقة متفاوتة احلجم و43 حديقة كبرية احلجم لأجل حت�سني جودة” (Translation: Within the scope of investment in the Riyadh Green Project, thirty billion riyals will be allocated to establish projects related to environmental protection and conservation, targeting the planting of over 15 million trees and increasing the per capita share of green spaces from 1.7 to 28 square meters within the city by 2030, which will result in a noticeable reduction in Riyadh’s temperatures by 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. Additionally, more than 3300 parks of varying sizes and 43 large parks will be provided to improve quality of life.)

**II. Eid al-Fitr Celebrations and Consumer Behavior:**

* **Royal Greetings and Prayers:** The excerpts detail the performance of Eid prayers by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and the Crown Prince in Jeddah and Mecca, respectively, along with greetings exchanged with officials and dignitaries.

* **Messages of Hope Regarding Real Estate:** Following directives from the Crown Prince concerning the provision of developed land in Riyadh, citizens expressed optimism about the real estate sector’s future, its ability to support other sectors, and its capacity to meet diverse needs.

* Citizens believe the measures will help regulate the market, increase land availability, prevent speculation, and balance supply and demand, ultimately leading to more suitable options for individuals.

* Emphasis is placed on transparency in land distribution, with conditions preventing immediate resale or exploitation by speculators.

* **Eid Festivities and Entertainment:** Various activities and celebrations are mentioned across Saudi Arabia, including cultural and recreational events, interactive games, and Quranic competitions. These are seen as aligning with Saudi Vision 2030 and fostering a sense of unity and participation.

* **Shift to Online Shopping:** Statistics indicate that 70% of Saudis prefer to shop online during Eid holidays, attributed to convenience, speed, and the ability to compare prices easily, aiding consumers in selecting high-quality products at suitable prices. E-commerce offers access to a wider range of products and efficient delivery services.

* **Domestic Tourism Growth:** Data from Wego (a travel platform) shows a rise in domestic travel during Eid al-Fitr 2025, indicating a shift in travel patterns within the Kingdom. While some expatriates return home, Saudi travelers are increasingly interested in cultural and recreational trips within the country.

* Popular domestic destinations, along with international destinations like Europe and parts of Asia, are highlighted.

* The average duration of Eid travel increased to four days in 2025 compared to two days in 2024.

* **Consumer Spending Trends:** A recent survey by “Toluna” and “Markettiers Lab” reveals a significant shift in consumer behavior during Eid al-Fitr 2025, with a focus on social gatherings, cultural activities, and luxury shopping, leading to increased spending across various sectors (gifts, retail, entertainment, and restaurants).

* Price discounts remain the top factor influencing purchasing decisions (49%), followed by bundled offers (40%) and extra quantity for the same price (38%).

* Cashback offers (33%) and free or discounted shipping (30%) are also important.

* The study emphasizes the importance for companies and brands to align their strategies with these new trends by offering exclusive deals, valuable experiences, or luxury products.

* **Riyadh Real Estate Market:** The Crown Prince’s directives regarding land development in Riyadh were met with relief and optimism by citizens, who anticipate the resolution of real estate challenges, increased supply, and price stabilization, ultimately supporting economic and real estate development.

**III. Oil Market Analysis:**

* **OPEC’s Demand Forecast:** OPEC expects strong oil demand growth to continue in 2026, projecting an increase of 1.4 million barrels per day globally. Non-OECD countries are expected to drive this growth.

* **Supply Outlook:** Non-OPEC+ liquid supply is anticipated to grow by 1.0 million barrels per day in both 2025 and 2026, with the United States, Norway, Canada, and Brazil being key contributors.

* **Oil Tanker Market:** Spot freight rates for clean and dirty tankers saw increases in February across most monitored routes, particularly for VLCCs due to new sanctions impacting supply.

* **Crude Oil and Product Trade:** U.S. crude oil imports declined but remained above 6 million barrels per day, while crude oil exports and product imports remained stable. Product exports generally remained at the upper end of the five-year range. European and Japanese crude oil imports also showed increases. India’s crude oil imports averaged 4.9 million barrels per day in January.

* **Commercial Stock Movements:** Preliminary data for January 2024 showed an overall increase in OECD commercial oil inventories by 1.0 million barrels, but they remained 188.1 million barrels below the 2015-2019 average. Crude oil stocks increased, while product stocks decreased.

* **OPEC+ Crude Oil Demand:** The demand for crude oil from OPEC+ participating countries remains unchanged from previous assessments, projected at 42.6 million barrels per day in 2025 and 42.9 million barrels per day in 2026.

* **Petrochemical Sector as Demand Driver:** The petrochemical sector is highlighted as a major driver of oil demand due to significant expansions globally.

* **OPEC Basket Price:** The OPEC basket price decreased by $2.57 per barrel in February, averaging $76.81 per barrel.

* **Impact of U.S. Policies:** U.S. customs duties and sanctions on Iranian and Venezuelan oil create mixed signals for oil markets. While sanctions reduce supply, economic policies could decrease long-term demand.

* **Analyst Perspectives:** BMI analysts maintain their Brent crude oil price forecast at an average of $76 per barrel in 2025, down from $80 per barrel in 2024, citing market consolidation.

* **Regional Oil Developments:** The article mentions developments in Iraq (BP’s Kirkuk field redevelopment), the Kurdistan oil exports, and China’s increasing imports of Canadian crude oil. It also touches upon Nigeria’s potential oil sector overhaul and Vitol’s reported exit from its U.S. shale oil assets.

* **Impact on India:** U.S. sanctions on Venezuelan oil are prompting Indian refiners to halt imports. India is also considering reducing taxes on LNG imports to address its trade deficit with the U.S.

* **Refining Industry:** Brazil’s Petrobras is increasing refinery capacity. Shell is shifting its focus towards fossil fuels and increasing shareholder returns while maintaining oil production. Mexico’s Pemex is reportedly in talks to jointly operate a major offshore oil field.

* **LNG Prices:** LNG prices for May delivery to Northeast Asia have fallen to their lowest in three months.

**IV. Regional Political Developments:**

* **Syria:** President Bashar al-Assad called on Alawi fighters in the northwest to surrender their weapons, warning of consequences. The government announced a security operation in the Latakia and Tartous governorates. The UN envoy expressed concern over civilian casualties and urged restraint. Russia also called for de-escalation. Iran condemned the killing of innocent Syrians.

* **Sudan:** Army Commander Abdel Fattah al-Burhan vowed to fight until victory against the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), ruling out peace unless the RSF lays down arms. The army claimed to have regained control of the presidential palace in Khartoum. The RSF acknowledged withdrawing from Khartoum but vowed to return. Al-Burhan dismissed any negotiations with the RSF. The conflict, ongoing for two years, has caused massive displacement and casualties. The country is effectively divided.

* **Gaza:** The Israeli occupation forces continued their operations in Gaza, resulting in numerous Palestinian casualties, including children, due to airstrikes and artillery shelling. Areas in Khan Younis, Rafah, and Jabalia were targeted, with homes destroyed.

* **Al-Aqsa Mosque:** Despite Israeli restrictions on entry, a large number of Muslims performed Eid prayers at the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Some Palestinians were prevented from entering.

* **Eid in the Middle East:** Dr. Fayez bin Abdullah Al-Shehri provides an overview of the significant political, economic, social, and security transformations in the Middle East between the last Eid al-Fitr (1445 AH – 2024 AD) and the current one (1446 AH – 2025 AD).

* He notes a decline in the influence of some prominent regional players and the emergence of new forces amidst shifting power balances.

* Lebanon witnessed a decline in Hezbollah’s effectiveness.

* Hamas’s role in Palestine has been severely impacted by the ongoing conflict in Gaza.

* Syria saw the fall of the Assad regime after decades, with a new system emerging.

* The Houthis in Yemen continue to operate despite losing Iranian support.

* Economically, the gap between the Gulf states (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar) and other regional countries is widening due to the Gulf states’ diversification efforts.

* Turkey experienced a historic shift in local elections.

* Egypt and Turkey are normalizing relations.

* The author concludes that the Middle East is undergoing a profound reshaping, facing intertwined political, economic, and security challenges.

**V. Local News and Sports:**

* **Commencement of Riyadh Theatre Project:** The first phase of a theatre project, “Rimah in the Tent of My Uncle,” will tour various cities in Saudi Arabia starting in May 2025.

* **MBC’s Eid Coverage:** MBC1 offered extensive coverage of Eid al-Fitr, including morning and evening programs featuring celebrations from different regions of Saudi Arabia, along with movies and concerts.

* **Profile of Poet Nafal bin Ali Al-Harbi:** A brief profile highlights the wisdom and strong meanings in the poetry of the veteran poet Nafal bin Ali Al-Harbi.

* **Growth of Non-Oil Exports:** Saudi Arabia’s non-oil exports, including re-exports, increased by 10.7%, indicating a shift towards a more productive economy. The growth is attributed to investments in logistics and infrastructure under the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP). China remains a top trading partner.

* **Analysis of Trade Balance:** While imports also rose, the trade balance decline is seen as part of the economic transformation, with imports increasingly being intermediate goods for local industry.

* **Unique Religious Achievement During Ramadan:** The Kingdom hosted approximately 10 million Umrah pilgrims during Ramadan, a record number, showcasing the state’s efforts in managing the massive influx with efficient logistics and modern technologies. The smooth experience for pilgrims is highlighted as part of Vision 2030’s goals for developing the Hajj and Umrah sector.

* **200 Parks and Celebration Squares Prepared in Tabuk:** The Tabuk Municipality prepared over 200 parks and squares for Eid al-Fitr celebrations, including maintenance, cleaning, decorations, and various festive activities.

* **”SAR” Transports 1.2 Million Passengers in Ramadan:** The Saudi Railways Organization (“SAR”) successfully transported 1.2 million passengers during Ramadan, a 21% increase compared to the previous year, highlighting the efficiency and commitment to serving pilgrims.

* **Al-Ula’s Historical Significance:** The Incense Route is highlighted as a testament to Al-Ula’s historical role in trade and cultural exchange, making it a significant historical destination.

* **Al-Adalah Club Honors Legends:** Al-Adalah Football Club organized a friendly match and honored veteran players as part of its social responsibility program.

* **Marmoush Leads Man City to FA Cup Semi-Final:** Egyptian player Omar Marmoush scored as Manchester City advanced to the FA Cup semi-finals.

* **”Roshan” League Competition Heats Up:** The competition in the Saudi Professional League is intense among top teams like Al-Hilal, Al-Nassr, Al-Ittihad, and Al-Ahli. Strong squads, star players, and tactical approaches are key factors.

* **Saudi Arabia to Host 2034 FIFA World Cup:** This is seen as a historic event reflecting the country’s development in the sports sector and infrastructure. The strong bid and government support were crucial. Modern stadiums, advanced technology, and a welcoming environment are expected.

* **Al-Fateh’s Struggle to Avoid Relegation:** Despite winning the league in 2013, Al-Fateh has been struggling to avoid relegation in recent seasons.

* **Significant Support and Development in Women’s Sports:** Women’s sports in Saudi Arabia have witnessed remarkable progress with official support, leading to increased participation in various sports locally and internationally. The establishment of women’s sports federations, participation in international events, and the launch of the women’s football league are highlighted.

* **Challenges Facing Sports Academies:** While sports academies in Saudi Arabia have made progress in developing talent, challenges remain in focusing on younger age groups, the need for stronger competition, and uneven investment across regions.

* **”Yelo” League Promotion Race:** The competition for promotion to the Saudi Professional League from the First Division (“Yelo” League) is tight, with Neom leading but closely followed by other teams.

* **Al-Saad and Al-Adalah Qualify for Handball League Semi-Finals:** Al-Saad and Al-Adalah handball clubs qualified for the semi-finals of the Prince Faisal bin Fahd Premier League.

* **Devotional Atmosphere During Eid Prayers:** The Ministry of Islamic Affairs prepared thousands of mosques and prayer grounds across Saudi Arabia for Eid al-Fitr prayers.

* **Farewell to Saad Al-Lathidh:** A column reflects on the challenges faced by Saad Al-Lathidh in his position, suggesting the immense pressures led to his resignation.

* **Simple Joys of Eid:** An article emphasizes the essence of Eid being about inner joy and genuine connections rather than superficial appearances.

This briefing provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse topics covered in the “Al Riyadh” excerpts, highlighting key initiatives, events, trends, and perspectives relevant to Saudi Arabia and the wider region as of late March 2025 (as indicated by the newspaper’s date).

Saudi Arabia: Green Initiatives, Economy, and Regional Events

Frequently Asked Questions about the Provided Sources

1. What are the primary goals of Saudi Arabia’s “Green Initiative” (مبادرة السعودية الخضراء) as outlined in the Al Riyadh newspaper? The Saudi Green Initiative, according to the article, aims to reduce carbon emissions, protect and rehabilitate land and marine areas, and improve the climate in the long term. It is built upon three main objectives: combating climate change, protecting terrestrial and marine environments, and afforestation and land reclamation to reduce carbon emissions.

2. What is the significance of Saudi Arabia setting a target for reaching net-zero emissions, and what year is this target set for? The article emphasizes that setting a date to reach net-zero emissions has become a crucial benchmark for evaluating a country’s commitment to addressing climate change and environmental protection. Saudi Arabia has announced its aim to reach net-zero emissions by the year 2060, highlighting its serious approach to this global challenge.

3. Can you describe the “Riyadh Green Project” (مشروع الرياض الخضراء) and its objectives? The Riyadh Green Project is described as one of the largest afforestation projects globally and a significant contributor to achieving the goals of Saudi Vision 2030. Its objectives include increasing the per capita share of green space in Riyadh, boosting the total green area, intensifying tree planting across the city, optimizing the use of treated water for irrigation, improving air quality, and reducing urban heat.

4. What are the planned investments and expected outcomes of the Riyadh Green Project by 2030? The Riyadh Green Project involves an investment of thirty billion riyals dedicated to establishing environment protection and conservation projects. The target is to plant over 15 million trees and increase the per capita share of green spaces from 1.7 square meters to 28 square meters by 2030. This is expected to result in a noticeable reduction of 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius in Riyadh’s temperature. Additionally, over 3,300 parks of varying sizes and 43 large parks will be developed to improve the overall quality of life.

5. Based on the article, what are some key observations regarding Eid Al Fitr in Saudi Arabia in 2025? The article indicates several trends for Eid Al Fitr in 2025: increased social gatherings and higher spending in markets, a rise of 15.57% in domestic travel, with Egypt, Pakistan, India, and Turkey being popular international destinations. There is also a noticeable shift in consumer behavior towards social activities, cultural events, and luxury shopping. Statistics suggest that 70% of Saudis prefer online shopping during holidays, and travelers are increasingly interested in cultural and recreational travel, exploring destinations in Europe and Asia.

6. What measures were reportedly being considered to address issues in the real estate sector in Riyadh? According to the article, the Crown Prince issued directives aimed at providing planned and developed land in Riyadh, which were received with optimism. There was an emphasis on releasing messages to citizens and implementing similar measures in other regions suffering from land scarcity and high prices. The measures were expected to facilitate land trading, prevent monopolies, and create a balance between supply and demand in the Riyadh real estate market, ultimately supporting economic and real estate development. Transparency in land distribution was also highlighted, with conditions being praised that would prevent speculators from acquiring land.

7. What does the article suggest about Saudi Arabia’s efforts in diversifying its economy beyond oil? The article highlights the significant increase in non-oil exports (including re-exports) by 10.7%, with chemical exports alone forming 23.7% of the total. This shift is attributed to strategic investments in developing logistical infrastructure and services (the “Nadaleb” program) that connect national industries with international markets more efficiently. Despite an increase in imports, the trade balance contraction is viewed positively, indicating a shift towards importing productive inputs for local industry rather than solely consumer goods, reflecting a move towards productive empowerment. The improved coverage ratio of non-oil exports to imports (from 35.7% to 36.5%) demonstrates greater self-sufficiency and resilience to external shocks, especially in global energy markets.

8. What were some of the key events and situations reported in the “Middle East: What is the State Between Two Eids?” section of the newspaper? This section of the article describes significant political, economic, social, and security transformations in the Middle East between the Eid Al Fitr of 2024 and 2025. Notable events included a reported decline in Hezbollah’s activity in Lebanon, the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict with a focus on Gaza, a potential shift in Syria’s political landscape, the continuing Houthi issue in Yemen, a widening economic gap between Gulf states and others, Turkey’s municipal elections showing a shift in power, and a diplomatic thawing between Turkey and Egypt. Overall, the region was depicted as undergoing a period of significant upheaval and realignment.

Saudi Green Initiative: Addressing Climate Change

The sources discuss a Climate Change Initiative led by Saudi Arabia, primarily referred to as the Saudi Green Initiative. This initiative is described as a comprehensive plan with three main objectives: reducing carbon emissions, protecting land and sea areas, and afforestation and land reclamation.

This initiative was established to confront the crisis of climate change. Saudi Arabia announced its launch, with the goal of reaching carbon neutrality by the year 2060. The source emphasizes that setting a specific date for achieving carbon neutrality has become a crucial benchmark for evaluating each nation’s approach to tackling climate change and safeguarding the environment in the long run.

In response to climate change, Saudi Arabia has adopted a new policy and prepared a strategy aimed at protecting the environment and the Earth. However, the sources highlight that the effective implementation of this environmental protection and the adoption of concrete steps place a significant responsibility on individuals. This responsibility includes rationalizing water consumption, ceasing food wastage, and embracing a new lifestyle that fosters collective action in safeguarding the planet.

The sources also note that international policies have introduced numerous new terms in the context of combating climate change. The Saudi Green Initiative and similar efforts represent a significant shift in the endeavors to counter the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, these initiatives underscore the pivotal role that Saudi Arabia can play in identifying solutions to climate change.

Saudi Green Initiative: Carbon Neutrality by 2060

Based on the sources and our previous discussion, the goal of reaching carbon neutrality by the year 2060 is a central aspect of Saudi Arabia’s Saudi Green Initiative.

Here’s a breakdown of what the sources indicate regarding reaching carbon neutrality:

• The Saudi Green Initiative was launched with the explicit aim of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. This long-term target signifies Saudi Arabia’s commitment to addressing climate change.
• The sources emphasize that setting a specific date for reaching carbon neutrality has become a critical benchmark for evaluating how seriously each country is addressing climate change and protecting the environment. This suggests that the 2060 target is not just an aspirational goal but a measure against which Saudi Arabia’s progress will be assessed internationally.
• The establishment of the Saudi Green Initiative, with its carbon neutrality goal, is presented as a response to the climate change crisis.
• The initiative aims to achieve its objectives, including reducing carbon emissions, through various means such as protecting land and sea areas, and afforestation and land reclamation. These actions are intended to contribute to the larger goal of carbon neutrality.

In essence, the sources position the commitment to reaching carbon neutrality by 2060 as a fundamental pillar of Saudi Arabia’s comprehensive strategy to combat climate change through the Saudi Green Initiative.

Green Riyadh Initiative: An Overview

Based on the provided sources, the Green Riyadh project is not explicitly mentioned. However, the concept of a greener capital city is alluded to in the “كلمة العاصمة الخضراء” (The Green Capital Word) section of the newspaper.

This section, written by Nawal Al-Jabir, appears on page 16 of the Monday, March 31, 2025 issue of Al-Riyadh newspaper. While the specific details and scope of a “Green Riyadh project” aren’t elaborated upon in the provided excerpts, the heading itself indicates an initiative or discussion related to making Riyadh a greener city.

Our conversation history discusses the broader Saudi Green Initiative, which aims to reduce carbon emissions, protect land and sea areas, and promote afforestation and land reclamation across Saudi Arabia [Me]. It is possible that the “Green Riyadh” concept, as suggested by the newspaper section heading, is a part or a regional implementation of this larger national initiative, focusing specifically on the city of Riyadh.

The sources also mention directives from the Crown Prince regarding the real estate sector in Riyadh, aiming to provide planned and developed residential lands for citizens. These directives are intended to revitalize construction and development in the capital. While not directly related to environmental greening, these efforts suggest a focus on the future development and enhancement of Riyadh.

In summary, while the “Green Riyadh project” isn’t detailed in the sources, the newspaper excerpt suggests an initiative or concept focused on making Riyadh a greener city. This could potentially be linked to the broader Saudi Green Initiative discussed in our previous conversation [Me].

Riyadh Real Estate Development: Crown Prince’s Directives

The sources contain significant information regarding real estate development, particularly in Riyadh, following directives from the Crown Prince.

Here’s a breakdown of the key points:

• Crown Prince’s Directives for Riyadh: The Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, who is also the President of the Council of Ministers, issued directives aimed at the real estate sector in Riyadh. These directives focus on the Royal Commission for Riyadh City and the real estate sector working to provide planned and developed residential lands for citizens who wish to build homes, administrative offices, or industrial facilities.
• Goals of the Directives: The primary objectives of these directives are to address the real estate situation in the capital, particularly after a notable increase in property prices. The expectation is that these measures will collectively contribute to revitalizing construction and development operations throughout Riyadh.
• Positive Reception and Optimism: Citizens, especially residents of Riyadh, have received these directives with considerable relief and optimism regarding the future of the real estate sector. They believe that the sector can effectively support other industries and meet the diverse housing needs of citizens and businesses at reasonable and suitable prices, without excessive inflation.
• Impact on the Real Estate Market: The directives are seen as timely and are expected to lead to:
• An increase in the supply of land.
• The provision of suitable housing environments for citizens.
• The revitalization of the real estate market, both residential and commercial.
• An increase in the level of transparency in the sector.
• A more stable and sustainable real estate market, positively impacting the Saudi economy.
• Addressing Issues and Regulations: The sources highlight several key issues being addressed:
• Combating Monopoly and Speculation: The approval of amendments to the White Land Fees system is part of governmental efforts to stimulate development, increase the supply of land, combat real estate monopoly, and enable citizens to own suitable housing.
• Landlord-Tenant Relationship: The Crown Prince’s directives also include studying the regulation of the relationship between landlords and tenants, aiming to address many of the issues arising from this relationship in the residential and commercial rental markets. The goal is to achieve a balance between the interests of all parties, enhance the attractiveness of living and investing in the Kingdom, and protect the rights of all stakeholders while making costs manageable and promoting the sustainability of the real estate sector.
• Scale of Land Provision: Recent reports indicate that a total of 81.48 square kilometers of previously undeveloped land has been allocated for real estate development, further contributing to the urban renaissance in Riyadh.
• Monitoring the Market: The Crown Prince’s directives include developing and monitoring the real estate market, with relevant authorities working to safeguard the market from harmful practices and enhance investment opportunities in line with Riyadh’s ambition to become one of the largest economies among cities globally.
• Impact on Inflation: These measures are also expected to positively influence the stability of inflation rates across various sectors by supporting the business sector and other industries in managing real estate costs, thereby increasing their competitiveness.

In relation to our previous conversation, while the “Green Riyadh” project was not detailed in the sources, these real estate development initiatives suggest a broader focus on the future growth and enhancement of Riyadh. It’s possible that environmental considerations and green initiatives could be integrated into these development plans, although the current excerpts primarily focus on land provision, market regulation, and economic impact.

Eid: Online Celebrations and Digital Connection

The sources contain several references to the online aspects of Eid celebrations:

• Social Media for Greetings and Engagement: Following the advent of Eid al-Fitr, citizens exchanged congratulatory messages on social media platforms. Social media platforms like Instagram and Snapchat have become “new arenas” for showcasing Eid outfits, moving away from traditional family gatherings to a wider online audience. This digital shift has led to greater attention to coordinating outfits, with users sharing photos and videos for feedback and inspiration. Followers can comment on these looks and exchange tips, making the experience of choosing Eid clothing more interactive.
• Interactive Online Festivities: Eid festivities are becoming more interactive through online platforms, allowing public participation and the sharing of comments during events. People can also engage in live competitions broadcast online by artists, creating a celebratory atmosphere similar to real-life events.
• Podcasts as a Connecting Tool: Podcasts have become a significant media for conveying the atmosphere of Eid, allowing listeners to immerse themselves in the rituals and traditions, even if they are away from their original environments or families. They serve as a “new link” between individuals, regardless of geographical distances, enabling the sharing of Eid stories and exploration of diverse cultural traditions around the world, from pre-Eid preparations to regional foods and celebratory songs. Influencers in the podcasting realm dedicate episodes to sharing their special Eid memories and spontaneous moments during family gatherings, enriching the listening experience and fostering a sense of belonging and connection. The podcast experience extends beyond just listening, as audiences can send audio recordings of their own experiences, creating a form of interactive virtual family gatherings where everyone can participate in sharing memories and even the joy of “Eidiya” (Eid money), bridging the gap for those separated from loved ones.
• The Metaverse for Expatriates: The “Metaverse” is presented as an innovative way for expatriates to experience the joy of Eid virtually. It allows them to be present in virtual spaces that resemble and are decorated like their homes for Eid, enabling them to celebrate with family and friends despite the distance. These virtual environments go beyond audio and video calls, offering immersive experiences where expatriates can exchange digital sweets and gifts and even greet their loved ones through their digital avatars, contributing to the revival of family and social bonds and alleviating feelings of alienation during the holidays. This technology is expected to become a primary means for expatriates to celebrate in the future, reducing the impact of distance on social connection and family ties.
• Official Greetings Online: The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, conveyed Eid al-Fitr greetings to citizens and Muslims worldwide via his account on the ‘X’ platform, praying for the security, stability, and prosperity of the nation and for peace to prevail in the Islamic world.
• Television Broadcasts: While not strictly “online,” television also plays a role in disseminating Eid celebrations and atmosphere. There are direct broadcasts and coverage of Eid from Mecca and Medina, as well as daily coverage from various cities and governorates across the Kingdom, showcasing Eid al-Fitr activities. These broadcasts often include reports from different Saudi cities, highlighting Eid traditions and customs, as well as reports from various parts of the Arab world about how Eid is welcomed and celebrated. Television programs also feature interviews with artists and actors to discuss their Ramadan work and share their Eid memories. Channels like “MBC1” offer special Eid programming with interviews, concerts, and movies under the title “Hayaak Ya Eid”. There is also audience interaction reported with Eid concerts.

In summary, the sources highlight a significant trend towards incorporating online platforms and technologies to enhance and broaden the reach of Eid celebrations, facilitating connections, sharing traditions, and creating virtual experiences, particularly for those who are geographically separated from their loved ones.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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