This collection of articles from the Saudi Arabian newspaper Al Riyadh covers a diverse range of topics. Several pieces highlight Saudi Arabia’s efforts in facilitating and enhancing the experience for Umrah pilgrims, detailing increased numbers, technological improvements, and community volunteer initiatives aligning with Vision 2030. Another significant theme explores the growing influence of artificial intelligence in sports, particularly soccer, impacting talent scouting, player performance analysis, and refereeing. Other articles touch on cultural heritage, such as Saudi architectural styles, historical sites like Qasr Al-Hukm station in Riyadh, and the preservation of traditional foods. International relations and political analysis are also present, with discussions on potential shifts in US foreign policy towards Russia and the United Nations, as well as the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.

The Intersection of Tradition and Technology in Saudi Arabia: A Study Guide

Quiz

According to the article, what was the unprecedented number of Umrah pilgrims in Saudi Arabia during the year 1445 AH, and what does this achievement reflect?
Mention three specific examples of how technology is being utilized to improve the Umrah experience for pilgrims, as described in the provided text.
What is the significance of the King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) in Dhahran, and what are some of its key features mentioned in the source?
Describe the role of women in serving pilgrims during the Hajj and Umrah seasons, according to the information presented in the articles.
What are the objectives of the “Guest of Allah Service Program,” launched under Saudi Vision 2030, and what is its target for the annual capacity of Umrah pilgrims by 2030?
Explain the purpose and function of the “smart robots” being deployed in the Haramain (the holy mosques in Mecca and Medina).
What is the Haramain High-Speed Railway, and how does it contribute to the comfort and convenience of pilgrims traveling between Mecca and Medina?
According to the article, what is the significance of the Qasr Al-Hukm district in Riyadh, and what historical and administrative landmarks are located there?
Discuss the trend of volunteer work in Mecca and Medina, particularly during Ramadan, and provide an example of a volunteer initiative mentioned in the text.
What does the article suggest about the future of the Umrah experience in relation to technology and digitalization, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030?

Quiz Answer Key

In 1445 AH, Saudi Arabia achieved an unprecedented number of over 16 million 924 thousand Umrah pilgrims. This reflects the Kingdom’s dedicated efforts to increase the capacity for pilgrims and facilitate their performance of the rituals.
Three examples include the use of smart robots for guidance and sterilization in the Haramain, the development of smart transport applications like Uber and Careem, and the implementation of AI-powered data analysis to manage crowd flow in holy sites.
The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) in Dhahran is described as a unique architectural masterpiece and a vibrant hub for culture, creativity, and cross-cultural exchange. It houses a museum, library, cinema, theater, and various other facilities aimed at enriching the cultural landscape.
Women play a pivotal role in providing services to the Guests of Allah during Hajj and Umrah, actively participating in organizing the movement of pilgrims and managing crowds in Mecca and Medina. This reflects the significant development in empowering women in Saudi Arabia in line with Vision 2030.
The “Guest of Allah Service Program” aims to facilitate the hosting of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims, ease their arrival to the Two Holy Mosques, enrich their religious and cultural experience, and provide high-quality services. The program targets raising the annual capacity to 30 million Umrah pilgrims by 2030.
The smart robots in the Haramain serve multiple purposes: providing guidance and information to pilgrims in various languages, sterilizing the holy sites, and distributing Zamzam water to pilgrims efficiently, reducing crowding around distribution points.
The Haramain High-Speed Railway is a rapid and comfortable transportation system connecting Mecca and Medina. It significantly reduces travel time and alleviates traffic congestion on land routes, enhancing the overall travel experience for pilgrims.
The Qasr Al-Hukm district is the historical, political, and administrative heart of Riyadh, serving as the primary seat of government for the Second and Third Saudi States. It houses significant landmarks such as the Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque, Al-Thumairi Street, and Al-Zal Souq, along with various government bodies.
There is a significant trend of volunteer work in Mecca and Medina, especially during Ramadan, with numerous individuals and organizations contributing to serving pilgrims. For example, the General Authority for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques announced the provision of 10.8 million iftar meals for fasting individuals in the Haramain during Ramadan.
The article suggests that the future Umrah experience will be increasingly seamless, relying fully on artificial intelligence and digitalization, in line with Vision 2030. Continuous technological advancements are expected to bring further improvements that comprehensively cover various technical aspects of the pilgrimage.

Essay Format Questions

Analyze the ways in which Saudi Vision 2030 is driving technological advancements and infrastructure development to enhance the experience of Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. Discuss the key initiatives and their intended impact on the efficiency, comfort, and safety of these religious journeys.
Evaluate the significance of cultural and historical sites, such as the King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) and the Qasr Al-Hukm district, in the context of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to preserve its heritage while promoting modernization. How do these sites contribute to the Kingdom’s identity and its appeal to both local and international audiences?
Discuss the evolving role of women in Saudi Arabia, as reflected in their increasing participation in serving pilgrims and contributing to various sectors aligned with Vision 2030. How does their involvement impact the overall quality and inclusivity of services provided during Hajj and Umrah?
Examine the increasing reliance on artificial intelligence and digital technologies in managing and improving the Umrah pilgrimage. What are the potential benefits and challenges of this technological integration, and how might it shape the future of religious tourism in Saudi Arabia?
Assess the role of volunteerism and community engagement in supporting and facilitating the Umrah experience, particularly during peak seasons like Ramadan. How do these grassroots efforts complement the official initiatives in ensuring a positive and spiritually enriching journey for pilgrims?

Glossary of Key Terms

Umrah: A voluntary Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that can be performed at any time of the year, unlike the Hajj which has specific dates.
Haramain: An Arabic term referring to the two holy mosques in Islam: Masjid al-Haram (the Grand Mosque in Mecca) and Masjid an-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina).
Saudi Vision 2030: A strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia with the goal of diversifying its economy, developing public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism, and enhancing the quality of life for its citizens and residents.
Guest of Allah Service Program: An initiative under Saudi Vision 2030 aimed at improving the experience of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims by facilitating their arrival, providing high-quality services, and enriching their religious and cultural journey.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
Digitalization: The process of converting information into a digital format. In the context of the articles, it refers to the increasing use of digital technologies to manage and enhance various aspects of the Umrah experience.
Smart Robots: Robots equipped with AI and sensors that can perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously, such as providing information, sterilization, and distribution of resources.
Haramain High-Speed Railway: A high-speed train service connecting the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, designed to provide দ্রুত and удобное transportation for pilgrims and visitors.
Qasr Al-Hukm: A historical district in Riyadh that holds significant political, administrative, and cultural importance, having been the seat of rule for the Second and Third Saudi States.
Volunteerism: The practice of offering one’s time and services without pay, often for the benefit of the community or a specific cause, such as assisting Umrah pilgrims.

Briefing Document: Analysis of Provided Sources

Date: October 26, 2023 (Based on the latest date mentioned in the text – March 2025 is in the future, assuming analysis in late 2023 or early 2024) Prepared For: [Intended Audience – e.g., Internal Team, Stakeholders] Subject: Review of Articles from Al-Riyadh Newspaper Focusing on Umrah Enhancements, Social and Economic Developments in Saudi Arabia, and International Affairs.

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the Al-Riyadh newspaper. The articles cover a diverse range of topics, with a significant focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to enhance the Umrah experience, alongside discussions on social, economic, and international developments.

I. Unprecedented Numbers and Technological Advancements in Umrah Services:

A significant portion of the articles highlights the record-breaking number of Umrah pilgrims in 1445 AH (Islamic year), exceeding 16.9 million. This achievement is attributed to the Kingdom’s continuous efforts to facilitate the pilgrimage, aligning with the Vision 2030 goals.

Key Themes and Ideas:

Record-Breaking Numbers: The articles repeatedly emphasize the “historic and unprecedented number” of Umrah pilgrims. Quote: “حققت المملكة العربية السعودية رقًما تاريخًيا غير مسبوقًا في أعداد المعتمرين خالل عام 1445، وتجاوز 16 مليونا 924 ألف معتمًرا أدى مناسك العمرة.” (The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has achieved a historic and unprecedented number in the number of Umrah pilgrims during the year 1445, exceeding 16 million 924 thousand pilgrims who performed the rituals of Umrah.)
Vision 2030 Alignment: The enhancements in Umrah services are explicitly linked to the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, particularly the “Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program.” This program aims to “facilitate the hosting of pilgrims and ease their arrival to the Two Holy Mosques, provide high-quality services, enrich their religious and cultural experience,” and increase the accommodation capacity to 15 million pilgrims annually by 2025.
Technological Integration: A major focus is on the introduction and expansion of technological solutions to improve the Umrah experience. Examples include:
Robots: Deployment of robots in the Holy Mosque of Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah for guidance, information in multiple languages, sterilization, and distribution of Zamzam water. Quote: “تم تفعيل الروبوتات لتعقيم الحرم وُتستخدم الروبوتات في عمليات التعقيم المستمر داخل الحرم، ما يُساعد في الحفاظ على بيئة نظيفة وصحية.” (Robots have been activated to sterilize the Haram, and robots are used in continuous sterilization operations inside the Haram, which helps in maintaining a clean and healthy environment.)
Smart Transportation: Development of the Haramain High-Speed Railway, ride-sharing applications (Uber, Careem), smart bus services, and smart parking systems to facilitate the movement of pilgrims. Quote: “الذي يوفر وسيلة نقل سريعة ومريحة بين مكة المكرمة والمدينة المنورة، مما يقلل من وقت السفر ويخفف الزحام على الطرق البرية.” (Which provides a fast and comfortable means of transportation between Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Madinah Al-Munawwarah, reducing travel time and alleviating congestion on land routes.)
Data Analysis and AI: Utilizing big data analytics from smart cameras and sensors to manage crowds efficiently and reduce congestion in holy sites. Development of virtual Hajj and Umrah plans and AI-powered chatbots to provide instant answers to pilgrims’ inquiries in multiple languages. Quote: “يتم جمع وتحليل بيانات المعتمرين من خلال الكاميرات الذكية وأجهزة الاستشعار، ما يسمح بإدارة تدفق الحشود بكفاءة وتقليل الازدحام في الأماكن المقدسة.” (Pilgrim data is collected and analyzed through smart cameras and sensors, allowing for efficient crowd flow management and reduced congestion in holy places.)
Electronic Payments and Identification: Implementation of digital solutions for financial transactions and residency, reducing reliance on cash.
Sustainability Initiatives: Introduction of solar energy in some facilities of the Holy Mosque, smart air conditioning systems to conserve energy, and intelligent waste management systems. Quote: “وهي تقنيات الطاقة الشمسية التي مت تشغيلها في بعض مرافق الحرم المكي بالطاقة الشمسية لتقليل استهلاك الطاقة التقليدية والحفاظ على البيئة.” (These are solar energy technologies that have been implemented in some facilities of the Holy Mosque using solar power to reduce traditional energy consumption and preserve the environment.)
Improved Experiences: The overarching goal of these advancements is to “improve the experience of Umrah pilgrims,” making it “more comfortable, easier, safer, and spiritually enriching.” Quote: “إن التطور التقني المستمر في إدارة خدمات العمرة يعكس التزام المملكة بتحسين تجربة الزوار، ويؤكد حرصها على تسهيل أداء المناسك وجعلها أكثر راحة وأماناً.” (The continuous technological development in the management of Umrah services reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to improving the visitor experience and affirms its keenness to facilitate the performance of rituals and make them more comfortable and safer.)
Nusk Platform: The launch of the “Nusk” platform is highlighted as a significant initiative providing various services to facilitate the pilgrim’s journey from planning to performing the rituals. Quote: “وكذلك إطلاق منصة نسك التي قدمت هذه المنصة الرقمية العديد من الخدمات لتسهيل رحلة ضيوف الرحمن، بدءًا من التخطيط وحتى أداء المناسك.” (Likewise, the launch of the Nusk platform, which this digital platform provided many services to facilitate the journey of the Guests of Al-Rahman, starting from planning until performing the rituals.)

II. Community Engagement and Volunteerism in Supporting Pilgrims:

The articles also emphasize the strong community involvement and the significant role of volunteer work in serving the pilgrims.

Key Themes and Ideas:

Active Community Participation: The local Saudi community is described as being in a “constant competitive race to support the Umrah sector and serve the pilgrims.” Quote: “سباق تنافسي مجتمعي لدعم وتسهيل العمرة” (A competitive societal race to support and facilitate Umrah).
Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program’s Impact: This program has “activated the energies of society and sharpened the determination of its sons and daughters” to cater to the needs of pilgrims. Quote: “إذ عمل البرنامج على تفعيل طاقات المجتمع، وشحذ همم أبنائه وسواعدهم حتى يجد القادم سواء كان حاجًا أم معتمرا أو زائرًا ما يحوز رضاه ويلبي احتياجاته.” (As the program worked to activate the energies of society, and sharpened the determination of its sons and daughters so that the newcomer, whether a pilgrim, Umrah performer, or visitor, finds what satisfies him and meets his needs.)
Volunteer Initiatives: Numerous examples of volunteer efforts are provided, including:
General Administration for the Care of the Two Holy Mosques opening doors for volunteer work.
Providing 10.8 million iftar meals for fasting individuals in Ramadan. Quote: “ومن بين الأعمال التطوعية في هذا العام إعلان الهيئة العامة للعناية بشؤون المسجد الحرام والمسجد النبوي، عن تقديم أكثر من 10.8 ملايين وجبة إفطار للصائمين منذ بداية شهر رمضان وحتى منتصفه.” (Among the volunteer works this year is the announcement by the General Authority for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, about providing more than 10.8 million iftar meals for those fasting since the beginning of Ramadan until its middle.)
Distributing water and dates.
“Ikram Association” preserving leftover iftar meals through the “Jad Biha” initiative. Quote: “ومن الأمثلة أيضًا على تلك الأعمال قيام جمعية إكرام بحفظ وتوزيع فائض وجبات الإفطار من ساحات المسجد الحرام والمسجد النبوي.” (Among the examples of these works is also the Ikram Association’s preservation and distribution of surplus iftar meals from the courtyards of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque.)
“Shifa Charity Association” providing health services in the holy area, including iftar meals and kidney dialysis sessions.
The Saudi Arabian Scouts Association’s volunteer camp providing guidance and support to pilgrims. Quote: “وقد أسهم 295 كشافًا وقائدًا وشابًا في تقديم الخدمة للمعتمرين، والتوجيه والإرشاد بكثافة في المسجد الحرام والساحات، ومساندة الجهات المختلفة.” (295 scouts, leaders, and young men contributed to providing services to the pilgrims, and intensive guidance and direction in the Grand Mosque and its courtyards, and supporting various entities.)
Focus on Quality and Safety: Volunteer efforts are conducted according to clear organizational standards to ensure the safety and comfort of visitors. Quote: “وقد أشار إلى أن عمليات التوزيع تمت وفق معايير تنظيمية واضحة تهدف إلى ضمان سلامة الزوار ومرونة تقديم الخدمة في المواقع المخصصة للإفطار داخل الحرمين وساحاتهما.” (He pointed out that the distribution operations were carried out according to clear organizational standards aimed at ensuring the safety of visitors and the flexibility of service delivery at the sites designated for iftar within the Two Holy Mosques and their courtyards.)
Cooperation with Government Entities: Volunteer initiatives are often conducted in coordination with government ministries and non-profit organizations.

III. The Riyadh Metro Project – Qasr Al-Hukm Station:

Another significant topic covered is the Qasr Al-Hukm station, a key central station in the Riyadh Metro project.

Key Themes and Ideas:

Strategic Location and Connectivity: The station is located in the heart of Riyadh, connecting the blue and orange lines of the metro network, making it a “vital hub” for transportation. Quote: “ُتَعدُّ محطة قصر الحكم واحدة من أهم المحطات الرئيسة في مشروع قطار الرياض، وتقع في قلب العاصمة، ما يجعلها مركزًا حيويًا يربط بين المسارين الأزرق والبرتقالي لشبكة القطار.” (Qasr Al-Hukm station is one of the most important main stations in the Riyadh Metro project, located in the heart of the capital, making it a vital center connecting the blue and orange lines of the train network.)
Part of Urban Development: Its construction is not just a transportation project but also part of a broader vision to develop downtown Riyadh, integrating heritage, economy, and social life. Quote: “وإنشاؤها لم يكن مجرد مشروع نقل، بل هو جزء من رؤية تطوير وسط الرياض، حيث ُتعد المنطقة شريانًا حيويًا للمدينة مما يجعل وجود المحطة يجمع بين التراث، والاقتصاد، والحياة الاجتماعية.” (Its establishment was not just a transportation project, but it is part of the vision to develop downtown Riyadh, where the area is considered a vital artery of the city, making the presence of the station combine heritage, economy, and social life.)
Modern Design and Facilities: The station features a modern design that integrates traditional elements, natural lighting, shaded areas, commercial spaces, retail stores, a garden, and art installations. Quote: “ويتميز تصميمها بدمج العناصر التقليدية والحديثة في أجزائها بطريقة تسمح بالإنارة الطبيعية للضوء الداخلية، مع توفير مساحات مظللة تسهم في راحة الركاب.” (Its design is characterized by the integration of traditional and modern elements in its parts in a way that allows for natural lighting of the interior, with the provision of shaded areas that contribute to the comfort of passengers.)
Enhanced Accessibility: The station provides direct links to the bus network, facilitating access to different parts of Riyadh and other areas.
Historical Significance of the Location: The Qasr Al-Hukm area holds significant historical, political, and administrative importance as the historical heart of Riyadh and the seat of government during the Second and Third Saudi States. It also houses important landmarks like the Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque and Al-Zal Souq. Quote: “أهمية تاريخية التي قصر الحكم منطقة المحطة في وقوع ذلك ويعزز ُتعتبر القلب التاريخي والسياسي والإداري لمدينة الرياض.” (The historical importance of the Qasr Al-Hukm area where the station is located reinforces the fact that it is considered the historical, political, and administrative heart of the city of Riyadh.)
Contribution to Economic Activity: The development of the station is expected to boost economic and commercial activity in downtown Riyadh.

IV. Trends in Gold Markets:

An article discusses the increased demand for gold in Riyadh’s markets, particularly with the approach of Eid Al-Fitr, despite rising prices.

Key Themes and Ideas:

Increased Demand During Ramadan: Gold and jewelry markets in Riyadh experience a notable surge in buying activity during the month of Ramadan. Quote: “حيث تشهد أسواق الذهب خلال شهر رمضان هذا نشاطًا ملحوظًا في شراء الذهب والمجوهرات.” (As the gold markets witness remarkable activity in the purchase of gold and jewelry during this month of Ramadan.)
Factors Influencing Gold Prices: Several factors influence gold prices during this period, including increased demand for jewelry as gifts for occasions like Eid and weddings, as well as fluctuations in global markets.
Gold as a Safe Haven: Gold is considered a safe haven asset, prompting many investors to turn to it during times of economic and political uncertainty and currency fluctuations.
Popularity of Specific Items: Fine and delicate gold pieces are particularly popular among women.
Ministry of Commerce Monitoring: The Ministry of Commerce and Investment emphasizes its monitoring of gold and jewelry markets to ensure consumer protection, including verifying invoice details.

V. Real Estate Market Trends in Saudi Arabia:

An article examines the continued rise in real estate prices in the Kingdom over the past four years, linked to high demand and government-supported housing projects.

Key Themes and Ideas:

Sustained Price Increases: Real estate prices in Saudi Arabia have been on an upward trend for four consecutive years and are expected to continue in major cities during 2025 if the supply of projects remains constant.
Demand Drivers: The high demand is attributed to the success of government-backed residential projects, evolving financing options, and flexible loan programs offered by banks. Quote: “مرتبط والنمو المتنامي الكبير بالطلب وجاح المشاريع السكنية المدعومة حكوميًا باستهلاكني من جذب اهتمام الم وإقبالهم.” (Linked to the large and growing demand and the success of government-supported residential projects in attracting the attention and demand of consumers.)
Significant Potential Spending: Research indicates a substantial amount of liquid assets among Saudi citizens and residents ready to be spent on real estate. Quote: “وكشفت أبحاث »نايت فرانك« عن وجود 2.75 مليار ريال من الرأ المال الخاص المحتمل بين المواطنين السعوديني )2.6 مليار ريال( والمقيمين في السعودية جاهزة للإنفاق على العقارات السكنية ضمن المشاريع الضخمة في المملكة )133.7 مليون ريال(.” (Knight Frank research revealed the existence of 2.75 billion riyals of potential private capital among Saudi citizens (2.6 billion riyals) and residents in Saudi Arabia ready to be spent on residential real estate within the mega-projects in the Kingdom (133.7 million riyals).)
Government Initiatives: Programs like “Sakani” and the expansion of housing projects by the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing are contributing to the market.
Real Estate as Investment: Rising property prices may further incentivize investment in the real estate sector.
Vision 2030 Integration: The real estate development aligns with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals.
Easing Regulations: Government efforts to facilitate real estate financing through updated regulations and decisions are supporting homeownership.
Global Factors: Declining global interest rates are also expected to contribute to affordability.
Demographic Factors: A young and growing population further fuels the demand for housing.
Saudi Architecture Map: The Saudi Architecture Map contributes to achieving Vision 2030’s quality of life targets and enhances the cultural, tourism, and economic standing of Saudi cities by reflecting the architectural styles of different geographical regions. Quote: “وتساهم خريطة العمارة السعودية، في تحقيق مستهدفات جودة وتحسين الحضري المشهد تطوير في ،2030 رؤية الحياة، الأمر الذي يعزز من مكانة المدن السعودية من النواحي الثقافية والسياحية والاقتصادية.” (The Saudi Architecture Map contributes to achieving the quality of life goals of Vision 2030 and improving the development of the urban landscape, which enhances the cultural, tourism, and economic standing of Saudi cities.)

VI. International Affairs:

The provided excerpts also touch upon several international issues:

Ukraine Conflict and a Potential “Metals Deal”: An article discusses a potential deal between the US and Ukraine involving Ukraine’s mineral wealth in exchange for debt relief and security guarantees. The deal, potentially favored by former President Trump, faces skepticism regarding its fairness and long-term implications for Ukraine’s resources. The article notes that the situation in Gaza is a more pressing humanitarian crisis. Quote (regarding Gaza): “ما يحدث في مأساة غزة هو مأساة إنسانية بكل المقاييس، ولا يمكن السكوت عنها، والمجتمع الدولي لا يحرك ساكنًا، وقد يؤدي فالسكوت عن تلك المأساة إلى ما هو أسوأ.” (What is happening in the tragedy of Gaza is a humanitarian tragedy by all measures, and it cannot be ignored, and the international community is not taking any action, and silence about that tragedy may lead to something worse.)
Trump’s Potential Rapprochement with Russia: The article notes a perceived shift in former President Trump’s approach towards Russia, suggesting a potential for closer ties. This is compared to Nixon’s surprising opening to China in 1972.
Musk’s Support for US Withdrawal from the UN: Billionaire Elon Musk expressed support for the idea of the United States withdrawing from the United Nations and potentially NATO, echoing sentiments of some Republican figures who view the UN as ineffective or contrary to US interests. This contrasts with the UN’s historical role in maintaining the international order. The US’s financial contributions and long-standing debts to the UN are also mentioned. Quote (Musk’s tweet): “”إن الوقت قد حان للولايات المتحدة لأن تتخذ قرار الانسحاب من حلف شمال الأطلسي… والوكالات التابعة للأمم المتحدة، ووكالة الإغاثة الفلسطينية الأونروا.”” (“The time has come for the United States to make the decision to withdraw from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization… and the UN agencies, and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).”)
China’s Role in Conflict Resolution: China’s potential role in facilitating negotiations between Russia and Ukraine and assisting in post-war reconstruction is briefly mentioned, highlighting China’s growing international influence. Quote: “وقال تساو تشنغ: »يمكن لبكين أن تلعب دورًا في دوريات السلام التابعة للأمم المتحدة، والمساعدة في عمليات حفظ السلام، وبعد الحرب يمكنها الاستفادة من المزايا التنافسية الصينية في إعادة إعمار البلاد«.” (Tsao Cheng said: “Beijing can play a role in UN peacekeeping patrols, assist in peacekeeping operations, and after the war, it can leverage China’s competitive advantages in the country’s reconstruction.”)
UN Investigation into Gaza: A UN investigation accused Israel of committing “acts of extermination” in Gaza through the systematic destruction of health and reproductive facilities and hindering aid delivery. These accusations were strongly refuted by the Israeli Prime Minister. Quote (UN accusation): “أعمال ارتكبت إسرائيل إبادة في قطاع غزة عبر التدمير المنهجي للمنشآت الصحية والإنجابية.” (Israel committed acts of extermination in the Gaza Strip through the systematic destruction of health and reproductive facilities.)

VII. Other Notable Points:

The Role of Women: An article highlights the pivotal role of women in serving pilgrims during Hajj and Umrah, reflecting the significant advancements in women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030. Quote: “اليوم تتجول المرأة في ساحات الحرم المكي الشريف والمسجد النبوي بسهولة وتنظيم لاستقبال المسلمين والمعتمرين، وتشكل المرأة دورًا محوريًا في تقديم الخدمات لضيوف الرحمن في مكة المكرمة والمدينة المنورة.” (Today, women move around the courtyards of the Holy Mosque in Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque easily and in an organized manner to receive Muslims and pilgrims, and women play a pivotal role in providing services to the guests of Al-Rahman in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Madinah Al-Munawwarah.)
Development of Historical and Cultural Sites: Efforts are underway to develop numerous historical and cultural sites to enrich the experience of pilgrims.
Ramadan Traditions: An article touches upon the linguistic and historical significance of the month of Ramadan in Arabic literature.
Philanthropic Efforts: The tradition of seeking God’s forgiveness and the importance of supplication are mentioned in the context of Ramadan.
Architectural Identity: The launch of the “Saudi Architecture Map” encompassing 19 styles inspired by the Kingdom’s geographical and cultural characteristics signifies the importance of preserving and celebrating national architectural identity. Quote (Crown Prince’s decision): “صدور قرار سمو ولي العهد الأمير محمد بن سلمان -حفظه الله- بإطلاق »خريطة العمارة السعودية« التي تشمل 19 طرازًا مستوحاة معماريًا من الخصائص الجغرافية والثقافية للمملكة.. يدل على مدى متابعته واتساع وإدراك رؤيته لأهمية التراث والهوية وخصوصية المكان والإنسان في متلازمة مستدامة تحمل إرثًا ومعنى.” (The issuance of the decision by His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman – may God protect him – to launch the “Saudi Architecture Map,” which includes 19 styles architecturally inspired by the geographical and cultural characteristics of the Kingdom… indicates the extent of his follow-up, breadth, and understanding of his vision for the importance of heritage, identity, and the specificity of place and people in a sustainable symbiosis that carries a legacy and meaning.)
Art and Cultural Scene: An article discusses the passion and dedication of individuals in the Saudi cultural and literary scene.
Obituary: The newspaper includes a notice of condolence for the passing of Khalid bin Mohammed Al-Shadi.
Medical Advice: A dedicated section provides medical advice on common issues like scalp itching, excessive hair growth in women, and thigh sweating.
Newborn Skin Development: An article explains the characteristics and development of a newborn’s skin.
Artificial Intelligence in Football (Soccer): The increasing role of AI in football is discussed, starting with the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) system to reduce human errors in officiating. Developments like semi-automated offside technology and the potential for more autonomous digital referees in the future are mentioned. AI is also being used in talent scouting through applications like “AI Scout.” Quote (VAR adoption): “إذ أن نقطة التحول الكبرى في هذا المجال كانت في عام 2018، عندما تم اعتماد تقنية حكم الفيديو المساعد )VAR( رسميًا في كأس العالم الذي لُعب في روسيا.” (The major turning point in this field was in 2018, when the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology was officially adopted in the World Cup held in Russia.)
Amateur Football Initiatives: The organization of Ramadan football tournaments is highlighted as a popular community activity.
Martian Rocks: Research on Martian meteorites found on Earth suggests the presence of trapped gases matching the Martian atmosphere.
Early Human Tool Use: A study indicates that human ancestors were crafting bone tools 1.5 million years ago.
“Hagl Park” as a Tourist Destination: The “Hagl Park” in the Tabuk region is described as a beautiful tourist spot with palm trees and sea views.
Saudi Arabia’s Ramadan Iftar Program in Jordan: The Ministry of Islamic Affairs organized iftar meals for fasting individuals in Jordan as part of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ program.
Philosophical Reflection: An article explores the concept of existence and fragmentation.
Sufi Concept: The idea of the believer’s constant need for God’s grace is discussed.
Poetry and Literary Contributions: The passing of Saudi poet Abdullah Al-Asmari is noted, acknowledging his contributions to the literary scene. A review of a book on writing and literature by Moroccan author Nabil Moumen is also included.
Street Photography: The historical significance and enduring appeal of Al-Thumairi Street in Riyadh are highlighted.

Conclusion:

The provided excerpts from Al-Riyadh newspaper offer a snapshot of various developments and discussions within Saudi Arabia and the wider international context. A significant focus is placed on the Kingdom’s ambitious Vision 2030, particularly its impact on enhancing the Umrah experience through technological innovation, infrastructure development, and community engagement. The articles also touch upon important social and economic trends within the Kingdom, as well as relevant international political and humanitarian issues.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Provided Sources

1. What was the significant achievement regarding Umrah pilgrims in the year 1445, and what factors contributed to this success? In the year 1445 AH, Saudi Arabia achieved a historic and unprecedented number of Umrah pilgrims, exceeding 16 million 924 thousand. This accomplishment reflects the Kingdom’s extensive efforts to increase the number of pilgrims and facilitate their performance of rituals. Key contributing factors include the ease of obtaining Umrah visas in record time and the launch of the Nusuk platform, which offers numerous services to streamline the pilgrim’s journey from planning to performing the rituals. Additionally, the development and rehabilitation of historical and cultural sites enhanced the overall experience.

2. How is technology being utilized to enhance the experience of Umrah pilgrims, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030? Technology plays a crucial role in improving the Umrah experience as part of Saudi Vision 2030. This includes the use of robots for guiding pilgrims, providing information in multiple languages, sanitizing the Haram, and distributing Zamzam water. Smart transportation solutions such as the Haramain High-Speed Railway, ride-sharing apps like Uber and Careem, and smart bus services facilitate movement between and within the holy cities. Furthermore, AI-powered systems analyze vast amounts of data from smart cameras and sensors to manage crowd flow efficiently, develop virtual Hajj and Umrah plans, and provide instant answers to pilgrims’ queries through chatbots.

3. What role do volunteers and community initiatives play in supporting Umrah pilgrims, particularly during Ramadan? Volunteers and community initiatives form a vital support system for Umrah pilgrims, especially during Ramadan. Numerous organizations and individuals dedicate their time and resources to ensure the comfort and safety of pilgrims. Examples include providing guidance, distributing meals (over 10.8 million iftar meals were provided in the Haramain during Ramadan), preserving leftover food through initiatives like “Jud Biha,” offering health services in the holy sites, and organizing camps that provide guidance and support. This collaborative effort reflects the Saudi community’s commitment to serving the guests of Allah.

4. What are some of the key features and historical significance of the Qasr Al Hokm Metro Station in Riyadh? The Qasr Al Hokm Metro Station is a central and vital hub in the Riyadh Metro project, connecting the Blue and Orange lines. Its construction is part of a broader vision to develop the downtown Riyadh area, linking heritage, economy, and social life. Historically, the area is significant as the primary seat of government during the Second and Third Saudi States. The station’s design blends traditional and modern elements, featuring natural lighting and shaded areas. It also includes commercial spaces, retail outlets, and artistic installations, enhancing its role as a transportation hub and a cultural and commercial destination near historical landmarks like Al-Zal Market and the redeveloped Al-Daho historical district.

5. What trends are observed in the gold and jewelry markets in Riyadh, especially leading up to Eid al-Fitr? The gold and jewelry markets in Riyadh typically witness increased activity leading up to Eid al-Fitr. Despite rising gold prices, there is a notable demand from shoppers for adornment, gifts, and investment purposes. Gold is seen as a safe haven during times of economic and political uncertainty. Retailers emphasize that finely crafted, delicate gold pieces are particularly popular among women. The Ministry of Commerce confirms active buying during Ramadan, influenced by increased social gatherings and upcoming celebrations.

6. What are the expectations for the growth of the housing market in Saudi Arabia in 2025, and what factors are driving this growth? The Saudi housing market is expected to continue its growth trajectory in 2025, with anticipated expenditure reaching 4.5 billion riyals. This growth is driven by a high and increasing demand for residential units, supported by government-backed housing projects, evolving financing options with flexible credit facilities from banks, and rising population growth, particularly among young people. Initiatives like the “Sakani” program, which aims to increase the supply of residential projects, also contribute significantly. Furthermore, the government’s focus on facilitating homeownership by reducing salary deductions for mortgage payments and collaborating with banks on lending further stimulates the market.

7. What is the significance of the “Saudi Architecture Map” initiative launched by the Crown Prince, and what are its objectives? The “Saudi Architecture Map,” encompassing 19 architectural styles inspired by the Kingdom’s geographical and cultural characteristics, signifies a deep appreciation for Saudi heritage and identity. Launched under the vision of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, it aims to preserve and celebrate the diverse architectural traditions across Saudi Arabia, from Najdi triangles inspired by desert tents to Ottoman and Maghrebi influences. The initiative intends to revive traditional styles using modern techniques, ensuring the continuity of aesthetic and historical values in buildings and urban spaces, while also aligning with Saudi Vision 2030’s goals for quality of life and urban development.

8. What is the controversy surrounding Elon Musk’s support for the US potentially withdrawing from the United Nations, and what are the arguments for and against US involvement in the UN? Elon Musk’s endorsement of a potential US withdrawal from the United Nations has sparked debate. Supporters of withdrawal, like some US congressmen, argue that the UN is a “catastrophe” for allies like Israel, promotes certain agendas they disagree with (such as climate hysteria), and involves significant financial contributions without proportionate benefit to US interests. They point to instances where US actions have bypassed UN authority, such as the 2003 invasion of Iraq, which led to criticism of the UN’s legitimacy and the US’s standing within it.

Conversely, the UN has historically played a central role in the international system since 1945, promoting US values and contributing to global stability. It provides a platform for multilateralism, cooperative security, and institutionalized relations. Critics of withdrawal warn that it would isolate the US, diminish Western influence, and potentially legitimize alternative security structures like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The US’s significant financial contributions to the UN, despite outstanding debts, underscore its role in the organization’s budget. The debate highlights differing views on the effectiveness and necessity of US engagement with international bodies.

Ramadan: Pilgrimage, Prayer, and Community

Ramadan observances involve a variety of practices and experiences, as highlighted in the sources.

The sources indicate that Ramadan is a significant time for Umrah pilgrimage. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed historically unprecedented numbers of Umrah pilgrims, exceeding 16 million in 1445 AH, reflecting the Kingdom’s efforts to accommodate and facilitate their performance of rituals. This includes technological advancements and services provided to enhance the Umrah experience as part of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program. The program aims to increase the hosting capacity for Umrah pilgrims to 15 million annually by this year. Facilitating the issuance of visas in record time and the launch of the “Nusk” platform have contributed to this increase in numbers. The “Nusk” platform offers various services to simplify the journey of pilgrims from planning to performing the rituals. During this month (likely Ramadan), the “Nusk” platform had over 13 million users from more than 190 countries.

Ramadan is described as a month filled with spiritual blessings and an atmosphere of faith that brings about changes in habits and rituals. This spiritual intensity is a reason why many Muslims prefer to perform Umrah during Ramadan due to its great virtue. The استقبال (reception) of Ramadan and the increased worship during it are noted.

The sources touch upon how Ramadan might affect other aspects of life, such as creative endeavors. Poets, for instance, might find themselves in a state of contemplation, potentially leading to a “fasting from creativity”. There’s a perspective suggesting that poetry, considered by some as “enticement,” takes a backseat during this sacred month when focus shifts towards the Quran and historical religious accounts. However, it is also acknowledged that Ramadan returns every year, and so does poetry. Daily routines change, and the perceived decrease in poetic activity might be linked to these shifts.

Prayer and supplication (Duaa) are emphasized during Ramadan. The act of asking from God is considered essential, and even if one feels in a good spiritual state, it does not negate the need for supplication. Sheikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah is quoted stating that a characteristic of a servant is to ask his Lord, and a characteristic of the Lord is to respond, thus thinking one is self-sufficient in asking from God goes against the essence of servitude (‘ubudiyyah).

Community initiatives also play a role during Ramadan. The “Aoun Al-Harameen” voluntary initiative, in partnership with community centers, aims to serve the guests of Al-Rahman during their spiritual journey by providing necessary support, including guidance, meals, and water distribution. This initiative reflects a competitive spirit within the Saudi local community to support the Umrah sector and serve pilgrims. The “Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program” itself was launched in Ramadan 1440 AH to enhance the volunteer work and services provided to pilgrims.

Finally, the source mentions that Thumairi Street becomes a central hub for Eid celebrations at the end of Ramadan, attracting crowds and creating lasting memories.

In summary, Ramadan observances as depicted in the sources include a significant increase in Umrah pilgrimages facilitated by the Kingdom’s efforts and technological platforms, a heightened spiritual atmosphere influencing daily life and potentially creative activities, a strong emphasis on prayer and supplication, community-driven initiatives to serve pilgrims, and the central role of certain locations in celebrating Eid at the month’s conclusion.

The Flourishing Pilgrimage: Developments in Umrah

Drawing on the sources and our previous conversation, Umrah pilgrimage is a significant religious practice with notable observances and developments highlighted.

The sources emphasize the remarkable increase in the number of Umrah pilgrims in recent times. In the year 1445 AH, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia achieved a historically unprecedented figure, with over 16 million 924 thousand pilgrims performing Umrah. This surge reflects the Kingdom’s dedicated efforts to accommodate and facilitate the growing number of pilgrims.

Several factors contribute to this facilitation, notably the strategic initiatives under Saudi Vision 2030 and the Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program. The core objectives of this program include easing the arrival of pilgrims to the Two Holy Mosques, improving the quality of services provided, and enriching their religious and cultural experiences. A key target of the program is to raise the annual hosting capacity for Umrah pilgrims to 15 million by this year. The development of 15 historical Islamic sites is also part of this vision.

Technology plays a crucial role in enhancing the Umrah experience. The “Nusk” platform stands out as a comprehensive digital platform that simplifies the entire pilgrimage journey, from initial planning to the performance of rituals. This includes facilitating the issuance of visas electronically in a short time, eliminating complex procedures and increasing the speed and ease of travel to the Kingdom. The “Nusk” app offers various services such as booking Umrah permits, diverse accommodation and transportation packages, and providing guidance through digital maps and multi-language guides. Notably, during a specific month (likely Ramadan as per our previous discussion), the “Nusk” platform had over 13 million users from more than 190 countries.

Beyond the “Nusk” platform, the Kingdom provides other technological services to improve the comfort and safety of pilgrims. These include a smart crowd indicator on the “Nusk” app to help pilgrims avoid peak times at the Grand Mosque. Smart golf carts have been introduced to assist the elderly and those with special needs in performing Tawaf and Sa’i with greater ease. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah also provides smart bracelets containing pilgrim data and facilitating emergency services.

The sources also highlight the spiritual significance of Umrah. It is considered an expiation for sins, as mentioned in a Hadith stating, “From one Umrah to another is an expiation for what is between them,” similar to how fire removes impurities from iron. The steps of Tawaf increase good deeds and erase sins. Furthermore, Sa’i between Al-Safa and Al-Marwa is a cause for Allah’s gratitude and reward for the servant’s actions. Umrah is a confirmed Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and can be performed at any time throughout the year, making it a popular choice for Muslims worldwide.

The Kingdom also ensures the provision of comprehensive services for pilgrims, including health and security services by specialized authorities. There is a focus on training personnel to ensure the highest levels of service for the safety and comfort of pilgrims. Modern and air-conditioned transportation is provided between Makkah and Madinah, contributing to the ease of movement for pilgrims.

Community involvement is another significant aspect of supporting Umrah. Initiatives such as the “Aoun Al-Harameen” voluntary initiative demonstrate a partnership with community centers to provide necessary support to pilgrims during their spiritual journey, including guidance, meals, and water. This reflects a continuous and competitive spirit within the local Saudi community to support the Umrah sector and serve the pilgrims. The “Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program” itself was launched in Ramadan 1440 AH to further enhance volunteer work and services for pilgrims.

Finally, the sources mention the ongoing development of infrastructure in the Two Holy Mosques, including the expansion of the Tawaf and Sa’i areas to accommodate larger numbers of pilgrims, as well as the provision of air conditioning systems and shaded areas within the Haramain. The active role of women in guiding and assisting pilgrims, particularly other women and the elderly, is also acknowledged. The Saudi government demonstrates a strong commitment to continuously improving the Umrah experience through modern technologies and the development of facilities and services.

Saudi Vision 2030: Transforming Religious Tourism and Heritage

Drawing upon the sources and our conversation history, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is a comprehensive framework with significant implications for various sectors, particularly those related to religious tourism and the Kingdom’s cultural heritage.

Enhancing the Umrah Experience: A central theme related to Vision 2030, evident in the sources, is the commitment to significantly enhance the experience of Umrah pilgrims. This is explicitly stated as a driving force behind the provision of new technologies and services for pilgrims each year. The Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program was launched within the framework of Vision 2030 with the specific goals of facilitating the hosting of Umrah pilgrims and easing their arrival to the Two Holy Mosques, alongside providing high-quality services and enriching their religious and cultural experience.

Increasing Pilgrim Capacity: A key quantitative target of Vision 2030, as highlighted in the context of Umrah, is to increase the annual hosting capacity for pilgrims to 15 million by the year 2025 and further to 30 million by 2030. This ambitious goal necessitates substantial improvements in infrastructure, services, and accessibility.

Leveraging Technology: Vision 2030 strongly emphasizes the role of technology in achieving its objectives, particularly in the context of Umrah. The “Nusk” platform is a prime example of this, serving as a comprehensive digital platform designed to simplify the entire Umrah journey from planning to the performance of rituals. The platform’s success, with over 13 million users from more than 190 countries in a single month (likely Ramadan), underscores the impact of this digital transformation. Furthermore, the sources mention the anticipated continuation of developing technological solutions to make Umrah a seamless experience fully reliant on artificial intelligence and digitization, aligning with Vision 2030.

Developing Historical and Cultural Sites: The sources indicate that Vision 2030 includes the development of 15 historical Islamic sites. This focus on cultural heritage aligns with a broader aim to enrich the experience of pilgrims and promote the Kingdom’s historical significance.

Community Involvement: Vision 2030 also seeks to harness the capabilities of the local community in serving pilgrims. The establishment of the “Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program” in Ramadan 1440 AH aimed to activate the potential of society and encourage volunteer work in providing services to pilgrims. This reflects a move towards greater community responsibility in supporting the goals of Vision 2030 related to religious tourism.

Preserving Architectural Heritage: In a related domain, the launch of the Saudi Architecture map by the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is presented as a significant initiative reflecting a deep interest in the Kingdom’s architectural heritage and identity. This initiative, encompassing 19 architectural styles inspired by the diverse geographical and cultural characteristics of the Kingdom, aligns with Vision 2030’s objectives of enhancing the scene of human life and preserving heritage. It aims to build cities with authentic and modern identities, blending originality and modernity in architectural design.

Improving Quality of Life: The Saudi Architecture map is also explicitly linked to achieving the targets of improving the quality of life within Vision 2030. By promoting distinctive architectural designs that reflect the identity of each geographical region, it contributes to creating vibrant communities and supporting the local cultural and tourism sectors.

Developing Human Capabilities: Although not explicitly detailed, the reference to developing human capabilities to achieve the goals of the Guest of Al-Rahman Service Program within the framework of Vision 2030 suggests a focus on training and preparing individuals to deliver high-quality services.

Strengthening the Kingdom’s Global Position: Ultimately, Vision 2030 aims to strengthen the Kingdom’s position as a leading destination for Muslims by providing exceptional experiences for Umrah and Hajj pilgrims.

In summary, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is a multifaceted plan that places a strong emphasis on transforming the Kingdom into a premier destination for religious tourism, leveraging technology, developing cultural heritage sites, engaging local communities, and preserving national identity through initiatives like the Saudi Architecture map, all while striving to improve the overall quality of life and strengthen the Kingdom’s global standing.

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Saudi Arabia

Drawing on the provided sources and our conversation history, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is presented as a rapidly evolving technology with diverse applications, particularly within Saudi Arabia.

The sources highlight the growing influence of AI across various sectors:

Sports, specifically Football: AI is significantly impacting the world of football.
The introduction of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in 2018 is a key example, where AI is used to analyze reviewed footage and provide referees with accurate viewing angles to make fairer decisions. The primary goal of this implementation was to reduce human errors that could affect match outcomes.
Despite debates about whether AI might diminish the emotional and spontaneous aspects of the game, it is also seen as a crucial tool for talent scouting. The “AI Scout” app in London allows young talents to showcase their skills to professional clubs by uploading videos of themselves performing specific exercises, with AI analyzing their performance based on professional criteria. This provides scouts and coaches with precise data for talent identification.
Beyond talent scouting, AI plays a vital role in maintaining players’ fitness. Technologies like “Kitman Labs”, “WHOOP”, and “Catapult” use AI to analyze players’ vital data such as heart rate and muscle fatigue, allowing medical teams to track their physical condition and prevent potential injuries by adjusting training loads. AI also contributes to analyzing game footage to accurately determine offside situations.
Religious Tourism (Umrah and Hajj): AI is being leveraged to enhance the experience of pilgrims.
Improving the Umrah experience through AI involves analyzing massive amounts of data for crowd management. This allows for efficient management of pilgrim flow and reduction of congestion in holy sites.
AI is used in developing virtual Hajj and Umrah plans to design smart transportation routes that ensure ease of movement within the Haram.
The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah provides virtual assistants (chatbots) powered by AI through smart chat applications, enabling pilgrims to ask questions and obtain information easily.
Real Estate: AI is expected to play a role in the digital brokerage sector by raising the efficiency of those working in the field, potentially through training courses and professional certifications.
Economy and Governance: AI is mentioned in a broader context as well.
A particular meeting was described as being so innovative that it seemed like the work of artificial intelligence.
Modern technologies such as AI are seen as a means to reduce business costs and enhance the clarity and transparency of zakat (Islamic alms) payments, with efforts underway to develop electronic systems in this area.

Our previous conversation highlighted Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which aims to integrate advanced technologies like AI across various sectors. The application of AI in enhancing the Umrah experience directly supports the goals of Vision 2030 to leverage technology for improving services and the overall pilgrim journey.

In conclusion, the sources present artificial intelligence as a transformative technology with existing and potential applications in diverse fields within Saudi Arabia, ranging from sports and religious tourism to real estate and broader economic activities. Its role in improving efficiency, decision-making, user experiences, and safety is consistently emphasized.

Saudi Architectural Heritage: Identity, Preservation, and Modernity

Drawing on the sources and our conversation history, the discussion of architectural heritage reveals a strong emphasis on its preservation and its role in reflecting Saudi Arabia’s identity and culture.

The sources highlight several key aspects of architectural heritage:

Preservation and Modernity: There is a clear interest in blending authenticity and modernity in architectural design. Examples include the Qasr Al-Hukm metro station in Riyadh, which features an architectural design that combines originality and contemporary elements, drawing inspiration from “Salmani architecture principles”. This station is located in the historical heart of the city, aiming to enhance the area with prominent heritage landmarks. It is also seen as part of a broader vision for developing the center of Riyadh by integrating heritage, economy, and social life.
Official Interest: The sources explicitly mention the official interest in Saudi architecture. This is further demonstrated by the launch of the Saudi Architecture map by the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. This initiative encompasses 19 architectural styles inspired by the Kingdom’s diverse geographical and cultural characteristics, signifying a commitment to preserving and showcasing this heritage.
Regional Diversity: Saudi architecture is characterized by its diversity according to the different regions. For instance, Najdi Saudi architecture is detailed as reflecting the desert environment and the rich cultural heritage of the central region. Key features of this style include the significance of the “triangle” in its design, symbolizing fundamental values and inspired by the structure of tents. This style blends beauty and function, utilizing local materials like clay and adobe for thermal insulation and natural ventilation. The Western region’s architecture is noted for being influenced by the Hijazi Islamic style and the prevalent use of rawashin (wooden latticework).
Symbolism and Identity: Architectural styles are seen as crucial for retaining the characteristics of identity and personality. The Saudi Architecture map initiative aims to build cities with authentic and modern identities, thereby strengthening the feeling of belonging and pride in the Saudi national identity. The preservation of these styles is considered vital for the study and analysis of human identity, formation, and relationship with place across different eras.
Specific Examples of Preservation: The restoration of Al-Thumairi Street gate in Riyadh in the traditional style is mentioned as part of a project to develop the area and preserve the city’s historical character. Despite urban developments, Al-Thumairi Street has maintained its heritage identity and was redeveloped according to the Najdi architectural style to remain a prominent landmark in the Qasr Al-Hukm area.
Link to Vision 2030: As discussed in our previous conversation, the launch of the Saudi Architecture map aligns with Vision 2030’s objectives of enhancing the scene of human life and preserving heritage [Me, You]. It also contributes to improving the quality of life by promoting distinctive architectural designs that reflect the identity of each geographical region [You].

In conclusion, the sources underscore the importance of architectural heritage in Saudi Arabia as a reflection of its diverse regional identities and rich cultural history. There is a concerted effort, exemplified by initiatives like the Saudi Architecture map and the restoration of historical sites, to preserve this heritage while also embracing modern architectural principles, aligning with the broader goals of Vision 2030.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia achieved an unprecedented historical number of pilgrims during the year 1445 AH, exceeding 16 million 924 thousand pilgrims who performed the Umrah rituals. This reflects the tireless efforts made by the Kingdom to increase the number of pilgrims and facilitate their performance of the rituals. Each year, the Kingdom provides new technical services to pilgrims to improve the Umrah experience. This comes within the framework of Saudi Vision 2030. The Kingdom launched the Swords of the Most Merciful Service Program with the aim of facilitating the hosting of pilgrims and facilitating their access to the Two Holy Mosques, providing high-quality services, and enriching their religious and cultural experience. The program aims to increase the capacity of Umrah pilgrims to 15 million pilgrims annually by this year, along with the development of 15 historical and cultural Islamic sites, and achieving an 85% satisfaction rate among pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims regarding the services provided. Among the prominent initiatives that contributed to achieving this record number are: Facilitating visa procedures in a record time period, which contributed to increasing the number of Umrah pilgrims from abroad, as well as launching the Nusuk platform. This digital platform provided many services to facilitate the journey of the Saif al-Rahman, from planning to performing the rituals. It also contributed to the development of historical and cultural sites and the rehabilitation and development of many archaeological destinations, and made it possible For pilgrims, Umrah is a unique faith and cultural experience. Umrah has a great status and benefits, including that God has linked it with Hajj, and commanded its completion and performance in the most perfect manner, seeking God’s pleasure. God Almighty says: “And complete the Hajj and Umrah for God.” It purifies from sins and reduces poverty and need. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “Perform Hajj and Umrah, for they remove poverty and sins just as a large amount of gold removes impurity from a young camel.” Umrah is one of the expiations for sins. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “Umrah to Umrah is an expiation for a sin.” “And the steps of circumambulation increase good deeds and forgive bad deeds. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said in the chapter on circumambulating the Sacred House: “Whoever circumambulates the House, and does not raise one foot or walk the other, God will write for him a good deed, erase a sin from him, and raise him a degree.” And walking between Safa and Marwa is a reason for God to be satisfied with His servant and reward him for his work. After mentioning walking between Safa and Marwa, God informed us that He is All-Knowing of His servant’s deeds, and He will reward him for his good deeds and good deeds, saying: “And whoever volunteers good, then indeed, God is All-Knowing.” Umrah is considered a confirmed Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and it can be performed at any time of the year, making it an option. Beloved by Muslims from all over the world

Flexible platforms to serve pilgrims

Investing in technology to facilitate the performance of rituals

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia continually strives to improve the experience of Umrah pilgrims by introducing new services and developing infrastructure. Each year, we witness improvements in transportation, smart technologies, regulatory procedures, as well as health and security services. This reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to Vision 2030, which aims to facilitate the journey of Umrah pilgrims and make it more comfortable and smooth. Among the most notable developments this year in Umrah services is the provision of golf cars for Tawaf and the effort to assist the elderly and people with special needs to perform Tawaf and Sa’i easily inside the Grand Mosque. This service contributes to facilitating movement within the Holy Mosque and reducing the effort for pilgrims who require assistance. Parts of the new expansion of the Grand Mosque, part of the King Abdullah expansion of the Grand Mosque, were also opened, providing more space to accommodate larger numbers of worshippers and pilgrims and contributing to easing congestion inside the Tawaf area and Mas’a. These updates reflect the Kingdom’s commitment to continuously improving the experience of Umrah pilgrims, making the rituals more comfortable and convenient. In 2025, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia introduced a range of new services and facilities for Umrah pilgrims, aiming to enhance their experience and facilitate the performance of Umrah rituals. Among the most prominent of these services are the expansion of ports and the modernization of transportation. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah has worked to provide air and land ports and modern, air-conditioned transportation for pilgrims between Makkah and Madinah, contributing to their comfort and ease of movement.

Report – Rashid Al-Sakran

Simplifying Procedures
Applications such as the Nusuk app have contributed to facilitating the Umrah visa procedures and simplifying the steps for issuing it. Those wishing to perform the rituals can obtain the visa more easily, with the visa duration set at three months, starting from the date of entry into the Kingdom and ending on the 15th of Dhul-Qi’dah. Health and security services are also provided, and the competent authorities have been keen to provide comprehensive health and security services to all visitors, while training the working personnel to the highest levels of service to ensure the safety and comfort of pilgrims. The Nusuk app update features a smart congestion indicator, which was recently added to the app. This is a new feature that helps pilgrims know the levels of congestion inside the Grand Mosque through a color system (green, yellow, red), enabling them to choose the most appropriate times to perform the rituals and avoid peak periods. The provision of entities that organize Umrah trips by land and sea through tourism companies has contributed to the development of all services related to Umrah and pilgrims, in accordance with the technical conditions and regulations set by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah to ensure the safety and comfort of pilgrims during their travels. These initiatives and updates come within the framework of the Kingdom’s ongoing efforts to improve the experience of pilgrims and provide a safe and comfortable environment for performing their rituals. “The Role of Technology”
The Umrah experience has witnessed a major transformation in recent years thanks to the use of modern technologies. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has sought to facilitate Umrah procedures and provide innovative digital services that ensure the comfort and safety of pilgrims. These technologies have contributed to reducing congestion, providing information easily, and improving health and logistical services through: First: Digital transformation in Umrah services, with the Nusuk application, which is an integrated digital platform that allows pilgrims to book Umrah permits, issue visas, and organize their trips easily from anywhere in the world. The application also provides additional services such as a guide and a smart congestion indicator, as well as electronic visas, allowing those wishing to perform Umrah to issue their visas electronically in a short time without the need for complicated procedures, increasing the speed and ease of travel to the Kingdom. Artificial intelligence systems analyze data, and these technologies are used to predict congestion levels inside the Grand Mosque and Mas’a, helping the relevant authorities direct crowds and organize the movement of pilgrims efficiently. Second: Improving the pilgrims’ experience through technology, using interactive maps and augmented reality. Electronic maps are available to help pilgrims navigate the Holy Mosque and service areas with ease, reducing confusion and loss. Voice guidance applications also provide multilingual voice guidance to help pilgrims understand the steps of performing the rituals without the need for a guide. Recently introduced smart golf cars help the elderly and those with special needs perform Tawaf and Sa’i with ease, providing a more comfortable experience for them. The smart bracelets provided by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah contain pilgrims’ data, help determine locations, and provide emergency services quickly when needed. “Health Services”
Third: The role of technology in improving health and security services. Virtual clinics and smart health services contribute to providing advanced medical services, such as:
Smart clinics, which enable pilgrims to receive medical consultations remotely.
Smart cameras and surveillance technologies contribute to monitoring crowd movements and managing potential crises within the Holy Mosque, enhancing security and safety.
Electronic payment systems also work to develop easy electronic payment methods for booking services such as transportation and accommodation, reducing reliance on cash and increasing pilgrims’ comfort. Technology has greatly contributed to improving the Umrah experience, making it easier, safer, and more organized. The Kingdom is expected to continue developing new technological solutions within Vision 2030, to make the Umrah journey a smooth spiritual experience based on the latest digital innovations. Fourth: Using robots to serve pilgrims. Smart robots provide guidance and direction. Robots have been deployed inside the Grand Mosque in Mecca and Medina to provide guidance and information to pilgrims in multiple languages, facilitating their performance of the rituals without the need for a physical guide. Robots are also being deployed to sterilize the Grand Mosque and are used in continuous sterilization operations inside the Grand Mosque, helping to maintain a clean and healthy environment, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Robots are also being provided to distribute Zamzam water. These are mobile robots that automatically distribute bottles of Zamzam water to pilgrims, ensuring the continued availability of water without the need for crowding around distribution points. Fifth: Intelligent transportation systems and modern means of transportation, including the Haramain High Speed Rail.

It provides a fast and convenient means of transportation between Makkah and Madinah, reducing travel time and alleviating congestion on roads. The Kingdom’s ride-sharing applications, which are modern transportation applications such as Uber and Careem, along with smart bus services, facilitate the movement of pilgrims within Makkah and Madinah. Smart parking spaces are also being developed, which rely on electronic parking systems to help pilgrims quickly find parking spaces for their cars, reducing congestion around the Grand Mosque. Sixth: Improving the Umrah experience through artificial intelligence by analyzing big data to manage crowds: Pilgrim data is collected and analyzed through smart cameras and sensors, allowing for efficient crowd flow management and reducing congestion in holy sites. Virtual Hajj and Umrah plans are also developed, where artificial intelligence is used to design smart transportation routes that ensure ease of movement within the Grand Mosque and direct pilgrims to less crowded routes. Virtual assistants (Chatbots) provided by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah are virtual assistants via smart chat applications, allowing pilgrims to ask their questions and receive immediate answers in multiple languages. Seventh: Sustainability and environmentally friendly technologies. These include solar energy technologies that have been used in some of the Grand Mosque’s facilities to reduce traditional energy consumption and preserve the environment. The Kingdom also uses smart air conditioning systems, utilizing modern technology in the Grand Mosque’s cooling systems, providing a comfortable environment for pilgrims while reducing energy consumption. Waste is also disposed of intelligently, as the Grand Mosque relies on smart waste disposal systems, including smart containers that monitor their fullness and send alerts for immediate collection, helping to maintain the cleanliness of the Grand Mosque. The continuous technological development in the Umrah Services Department reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to improving the visitor experience and underscores its commitment to facilitating the performance of Hajj rituals and making them more comfortable and safe. As technological advancements continue, further improvements can be expected that will make Umrah a seamless experience, relying entirely on artificial intelligence and digitization, in line with Vision 2030. With these additions, the report becomes more comprehensive and covers various technical aspects of improving the Umrah experience.

A community competition to support and facilitate Umrah

Jeddah – Mohammed Hamidan

The Saudi community has consistently supported the Umrah sector, and Saudi Vision 2030 has reinforced this reality. The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud – may God protect him – launched the Guests of God Service Program, one of the Vision Realization Programs, on Wednesday, the 24th of the holy month of Ramadan, 1440 AH. This program represents a qualitative shift in the quality and quantity of volunteer work and services that pilgrims receive. The program works to activate the community’s energies and galvanize the spirits and efforts of its people so that those arriving, whether pilgrims, Umrah performers, or visitors, can find something that satisfies their needs and satisfies their desires. This is especially true since the program aims to increase the number of pilgrims coming from abroad to perform Umrah and visit the Prophet’s Mosque, enhance the necessary capacity, including facilitating visa procedures, and receive 30 million pilgrims by 2030. And 15 million in 2025, a 77% increase compared to the 8.5 million pilgrims in 2019.

Magnifying Spirituality
The existence of the Guests of God Service Program has facilitated the performance and provision of various services and volunteer work that pilgrims receive, thus contributing to the work of achieving the magnification of spirituality they experience. The quantities of food and drinks provided by the people of Mecca and Medina have doubled, in addition to other residents in the cities through which pilgrims pass. They provide them to pilgrims in an initiative that embodies the meaning of cooperation and promotes the spirit of assistance.
The program has also contributed to increasing the diversity of the various logistical services that pilgrims receive with high quality, whether provided by individuals and ordinary citizens or by civil society organizations, such as guidance and counseling services, and various The work that contributes to and helps maintain safety and security for the pilgrim, as well as educational work and clarifying correct information that helps the pilgrim perform his ritual correctly. There are many and varied examples in this regard. During the Umrah season this year, 2025, the General Presidency for the Care of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque announced the opening of volunteer work during the month of Ramadan for the year 1446 AH for men and women, and the provision of volunteer opportunities in the Two Holy Mosques. The two pilgrims, attracting competent volunteers, and harnessing their energies to serve the guests of God. The Authority explained that it has prepared integrated programs for volunteer work in several service, social, educational, awareness-raising, and crowd-organizing specialties, among others, during the month of Ramadan, and providing opportunities. Volunteering
fully and attracting distinguished volunteers, and investing this to serve visitors to the Grand Mosque. It also established many stages, steps, and mechanisms for volunteer work, including identifying volunteer opportunities, identifying volunteer work needs, receiving applications from volunteer agencies, and requesting approval from supervisory authorities and valid association licenses. It stated that the categories eligible for volunteer work are government agencies, civil endowments, charitable societies, and volunteer teams licensed by the National Platform for Volunteer Work. 10.8 Million Iftar Meals
Among the volunteer efforts this year, the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque announced the provision of more than 10.8 million Iftar meals to those fasting in the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque from the beginning of the blessed month of Ramadan until its middle. This is part of its plans to organize and distribute Iftar meals to the Guests of God. The total amount provided to those fasting in the Two Holy Mosques amounted to 10,822,999 meals, in addition to the distribution of 10,290,000 date packets in the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, coinciding with the significant increase in Number of visitors and pilgrims during this season. The Authority indicated that the distribution operations were carried out in accordance with regulatory and health standards aimed at ensuring the safety of visitors and the flexibility of service provision at the designated iftar sites inside the Two Holy Mosques and their courtyards. The Authority had launched an electronic service on its official website before the month of Ramadan, allowing individuals, charitable organizations, and endowments to submit requests to organize iftar meals inside the Grand Mosque, thus contributing to enhancing efforts to provide iftar meals during the holy month. Another example of these efforts is the Ikram Association’s preservation of surplus iftar meals from the courtyards of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, through a unique initiative that includes a work team of approximately 500 male and female volunteers. The Association’s CEO, Ahmed bin Harbi Al-Mutairi, explained that the “Jed Biha” initiative, which includes Its fifth year aims to reduce food waste and promote sustainable food utilization.

Among these examples is the involvement of dozens of volunteers in work in the Two Holy Mosques, after the Presidency of Religious Affairs for the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque recently opened the door to volunteer work, providing volunteer opportunities in the Two Holy Mosques, attracting volunteers, and investing in national talents and competencies to serve the guests of the House of God and visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque, in coordination with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development. The National Center for the Non-Profit Sector, and the supervisor of legal affairs, governance, and volunteer work at the presidency, Mansour Al-Mutrafi, explained that the volunteer work project is in line with the goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, and the development of social responsibility among individuals and different groups of both genders, and contributing to achieving those goals by reaching more than one million volunteers. An example of the Saudi community’s expansion in providing various logistical services to pilgrims is the Hajj and Umrah Gift Charity Association’s provision of services during the first half of Ramadan to more than two million beneficiaries at 43 points of contact with the guests of God, starting with border crossings such as the Al-Wadiah crossing and the Jadidat Arar crossing. In the Makkah region, the Holy Mosque’s corridors and courtyards, the roads leading to the Holy Mosque, the entrances to Makkah, the parking lots for pilgrims and worshippers, the Jabal al-Rahmah Exhibition Center, the Haramain High Speed Rail Station, King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah and the Hajj Hall, and in Madinah, the Prophet’s Mosque and its courtyards, the Lost Children Care Center under the Baqi Cemetery, and the Quba Mosque.

The Vice Chairman of the Association’s Board of Directors, Dr. Majdi Hariri, explained that the Association served 2,177,857 beneficiaries during the first half of the holy month of Ramadan, providing them with a variety of programs and projects, including iftar meals and feeding those fasting, distributing Zamzam water and Marda drinking water, offering hospitality and Saudi coffee, enriching their faith experience, implementing agencies and expiations on behalf of the Guests of the Most Merciful, providing comfort services on massage chairs, and caring for lost children at the Association’s center in the Prophet’s Mosque. There are 573 hosts, male and female, and 1,600 volunteers, both male and female, working in it with 92,450 volunteer goods, seeking to provide care and attention. With the guests of God, with the aim of making things easier for them while performing the rituals of Umrah, praying at the Sacred House, and visiting the Mosque of the Chosen One – may God bless him and grant him peace. An example of this approach is the implementation by the Secretariat of the Holy Capital of the “Aid of the Two Holy Mosques” volunteer initiative, in community partnership with neighborhood centers. With the aim of serving the Guests of God and providing them with the necessary support during their faith journey, the initiative focuses on providing various services to the Guests of God, including guidance and assistance, distributing water and meals, in addition to promoting awareness and education to ensure a smooth and comfortable experience for pilgrims and Umrah performers. The initiative has witnessed a wide turnout from volunteers, who have expressed their pride in participating in this humanitarian work, seeking to gain reward and contribute to providing a unique faith experience for the Guests of God.

Health Services
Another example is the Safaa Victim Association in the Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, which launched its programs during the blessed month of Ramadan by presenting four community initiatives to serve the guests of God, including pilgrims and visitors to the Holy House of God. The association approved the implementation of its programs in the central region, which included providing Iftar meals to pilgrims by holding 15 Iftar tables in three locations in the central region, during which 1,200 Iftar meals were provided to pilgrims; the “Kidney Dialysis” program, which conducted 25 dialysis sessions for a number of pilgrims; and the “Your Tawaf Safaa” initiative program for 112 pilgrims, while 67 pilgrims benefited from the mobile clinic program at the Grand Mosque. The youth participating in the Pilgrims Service Camp, which is held by the Saudi Arabian Scouts Association to serve the guests of God in the Grand Mosque, in cooperation and integration with the General Administration of Education in the Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, achieved 11,800 volunteer work hours during the first ten days of Ramadan. 295 scouts contributed to guiding and directing the pilgrims and supporting various agencies, including the General Authority for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, the Makkah Health Cluster, and the General Security. The camp commander, Ziyad Qadeer, explained that the camp will continue to provide services until the end of the holy month, according to a schedule in which the various sectors of the association participate, stressing the importance of these camps in Developing volunteer work and a sense of national belonging among the participating youth, young adults, and leaders, and their significant positive role in projecting the honorable and radiant image of the sons of this generous nation. These examples were a welcome part of what the Saudi local community, which lives in a constant state of competition, offers to support the Umrah sector and serve pilgrims. The overwhelming feelings of satisfaction expressed by pilgrims after performing their rituals confirm the success of these efforts and their distinguished role in facilitating the pilgrims’ journey and making their Umrah easier.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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