Al Riyadh Daily Newspaper, March 18, 2025 Initiatives & Economic Landscape, Stable Inflation Rate, Oil Prices, Putin Trump Discussions, Gaza, Ramadan Activities

The provided texts cover a range of topics, with a significant focus on Saudi Arabia’s initiatives and economic landscape, including the Architectural Map for cultural and economic growth and the Kingdom’s stable inflation rate. International news includes geopolitical tensions affecting oil prices, the Houthi attacks on US naval assets, and discussions between Putin and Trump regarding the Ukraine war. Regional issues encompass the impact of the Israeli blockade on Gaza children and Syria’s accusations against Hezbollah. Additionally, the sources highlight Ramadan-related activities like charitable food distribution and cultural events, alongside sports news and other diverse articles.

Study Guide: Saudi Arabia – Vision 2030 and Related Topics

Key Themes

• Vision 2030 and Economic Transformation: Understanding the goals and key initiatives of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, particularly its focus on economic diversification away from oil, the development of non-oil sectors like tourism, and the role of mega-projects.
• Cultural Heritage and Architecture: Recognizing the significance of Saudi Arabia’s cultural and architectural heritage and the efforts to preserve and promote it as part of Vision 2030. This includes the Saudi Architecture Map and initiatives to protect historical sites.
• Economic Indicators and Stability: Analyzing recent economic data, such as inflation rates, GDP growth, and budget performance, and understanding the factors influencing them.
• Regional and International Relations: Awareness of Saudi Arabia’s role in regional stability, international collaborations (like the G7 meeting), and responses to global events (such as the war in Ukraine and Red Sea tensions).
• Social and Cultural Developments: Understanding social initiatives like the increase in volunteerism and cultural events like the “Ramadani Nights.”
• Media and National Identity: Examining the role of media in promoting national identity, Vision 2030 goals, and addressing social issues.
• Energy Markets and Policies: Understanding global energy trends, the role of OPEC+, and Saudi Arabia’s position in the oil market, as well as developments in sustainable aviation fuel.
• Humanitarian Efforts: Recognizing Saudi Arabia’s humanitarian aid initiatives in various regions, including Yemen, Somalia, and Palestine.
• Developments in Specific Sectors: Awareness of news and developments in sectors like sports (football), culture (theater, film), and social services.

Quiz

1. What is the primary goal of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 regarding its economy? How does the Saudi Architecture Map contribute to this vision?
2. According to the excerpts, what is the current annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia as of February 2025? What were some of the main factors contributing to this rate?
3. What is the Saudi Architecture Map, and how many architectural styles does it encompass? What is the purpose of launching this initiative?
4. What was the key announcement made by Saudi Arabia regarding the number of volunteers in the Kingdom? What does this achievement reflect about Saudi society?
5. What were the main topics of discussion between Russian President Vladimir Putin and former US President Donald Trump in their phone call? What was the context of this call?
6. According to the provided text, what is the stance of Hamas regarding the proposed extension of the Gaza ceasefire? What is the US envoy’s reaction to this?
7. What is the “Ramadani Nights” festival in Riyadh, and what is its aim? How does it align with Vision 2030?
8. What is the “Film AlUla Series Lab,” and what is its objective? Where does the program include a trip for its participants?
9. What are some of the key points made by the Saudi Minister of Media regarding the future of the media sector in relation to Vision 2030?
10. What is the “King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve” doing to protect and increase the population of the Nubian Ibex? What does the increasing wildlife population indicate?

Answer Key

1. The primary goal of Vision 2030 regarding the economy is to diversify it away from its reliance on oil and develop non-oil sectors. The Saudi Architecture Map contributes to this by promoting cultural tourism, attracting investment, and enhancing the quality of urban development, all of which stimulate economic growth in non-oil sectors.
2. The annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia was stable at 2.0% in February 2025 compared to January 2024. Factors contributing to this included increases in the prices of housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels, as well as food and beverages, although the government’s fiscal and monetary policies aimed to contain inflation.
3. The Saudi Architecture Map, launched by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, encompasses 19 distinct architectural styles. Its purpose is to preserve and celebrate Saudi Arabia’s rich and diverse architectural heritage, reflect the Kingdom’s cultural and geographical diversity, and serve as an investment in national identity and sustainable development.
4. Saudi Arabia announced that it has reached 6 million volunteers, ahead of the Vision 2030 target. This achievement reflects the eagerness and initiative of Saudi youth to serve their country, the spirit of collective work and giving, and the success of national platforms facilitating volunteer efforts.
5. The main topics of discussion were aimed at ending the war in Ukraine, within the framework of a potential US-Russian rapprochement. The call took place after Ukraine announced its commitment to a 30-day truce proposed by the US, conditional on Russia’s agreement, though Russia did not immediately confirm its stance.
6. The US envoy to the Middle East, Stephen Wikoff, stated that Hamas’s response to the proposed extension of the ceasefire in Gaza was “not acceptable at all.” This indicates a disagreement or rejection of the terms proposed for extending the pause in fighting.
7. The “Ramadani Nights” festival in Riyadh is a cultural and recreational event held during Ramadan, offering various activities, performances, and experiences for different age groups. Its aim is to create a unique cultural and entertaining experience during the holy month and contributes to the cultural vibrancy aligned with the goals of Vision 2030.
8. The “Film AlUla Series Lab,” in partnership with Film Independent, aims to support Saudi, Arab, Asian, and African television content creators and writers by providing them with skills and knowledge to develop their projects. The program includes a two-week trip to Los Angeles to participate in workshops and attend the Film Independent Forum.
9. The Saudi Minister of Media emphasized that the media sector is becoming a key contributor to the national economy, moving beyond reliance on government subsidies. He highlighted its role in achieving the goals of Vision 2030, fostering national unity, and combating misinformation, emphasizing the importance of quality content and public awareness.
10. The King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve is relocating and monitoring the Nubian Ibex to protect them and create a fertile environment for their growth and reproduction. The increasing wildlife population reflects the reserve’s efforts in preserving natural habitats and its commitment to protecting endangered species.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness between the preservation of cultural heritage, as exemplified by the Saudi Architecture Map, and the broader economic diversification goals of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.
2. Discuss the significance of Saudi Arabia’s stable inflation rate in the context of global economic challenges. How might this stability contribute to the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 objectives?
3. Evaluate the role of Saudi Arabia in regional and international affairs as reflected in the provided excerpts, considering its diplomatic engagements and responses to conflict.
4. Examine the growing trend of volunteerism in Saudi Arabia and its potential impact on the social and economic development of the Kingdom in line with Vision 2030.
5. Critically assess the evolving role of the Saudi media landscape in shaping national identity and promoting the objectives of Vision 2030, considering both opportunities and challenges.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Vision 2030: A strategic framework launched by Saudi Arabia to diversify its economy, develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism, and to bolster its role in international trade and relations.
• Saudi Architecture Map: An initiative launched to identify, document, preserve, and celebrate the diverse architectural styles of Saudi Arabia, reflecting its cultural and geographical richness. It encompasses 19 distinct styles.
• Inflation Rate: The percentage increase in the price of goods and services in an economy over a period of time, typically a year.
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
• Non-Oil Sector: Parts of a country’s economy that are not related to the production and sale of petroleum. Diversifying this sector is a key goal of Vision 2030.
• Cultural Heritage: The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
• Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• Humanitarian Aid: Assistance provided to people in distress or need, often in response to crises or disasters.
• Volunteerism: The practice of offering one’s time and services without expectation of payment.
• Geopolitical Tensions: Strained or potentially hostile relationships between countries or regions, often influenced by geographical factors and power dynamics.
• OPEC+: The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies, including Russia, which collectively manage the supply of crude oil to the global market.
• Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF): A biofuel used to power aircraft that has a smaller carbon footprint compared to traditional jet fuel.
• Mondelez (Incorrectly spelled in source as “املديتترية التعامتتة لتتتالإعتتتلام يف حمتافظتة احلدود على و�صحفي م�صور اإ�صابة حم�س ال�صورية املديرية”): Likely a typo or misinterpretation in the OCR process. This seems to refer to a media directorate or organization reporting on events at the Syrian-Lebanese border.
• SANA (الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء): Syrian Arab News Agency, the official news agency of Syria.

Briefing Document: Saudi Arabia – Vision 2030, Economic Developments, and Regional Issues

Date: March 19, 2025

Sources: Excerpts from “20717.pdf” (Al Riyadh Newspaper, March 18, 2025)

Overview: This briefing document summarizes key themes and important facts from a collection of articles published in Al Riyadh newspaper. The topics covered include Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, particularly in the context of architectural heritage and economic diversification, recent economic indicators such as inflation, ongoing regional conflicts and diplomatic efforts related to Ukraine and Gaza, and various local initiatives and events.

Key Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

1. Vision 2030 and Architectural Heritage:

• Focus on National Identity: Saudi Arabia is placing significant emphasis on its rich and diverse architectural heritage as a crucial part of its Vision 2030. This is rooted in the Kingdom’s history, authenticity, and its unique characteristics.
• “Saudi Architecture Map”: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has launched a “Saudi Architecture Map” encompassing 19 architectural styles, reflecting a commitment to preserving the Kingdom’s rich urban and cultural heritage.
• Quote: “بترامتج روؤيتتة العمل متن ويف وقتتت مبكر بالعمارة كتبترًا اهتمامًا اململكة اأولتتت 2030 تتراث متن مهمًا جتتزءًا باعتبارها ال�صعودية، اململكة يتمتع بخ�صائ�س و�صمات مميزة، مثل: اجلزيرة تاريخ من النابعة والعراقة االأ�صالة التتروؤيتتة تطلعات عتتن ببعيد ولي�س التعتربتيتة، ال�صمو �صاحب العهد ويل �صمو اإطتتالق جتتاء امللكي االأمر حممد بن �صلمان خلريطة العمارة ال�صعودية، التي ت�صمل 19 طرازًا معماريًا، وهو االإرث على باملحافظة �صموه اهتمام يعك�س ما للمملكة، والغني املتنوع والثقايف العمراين”
• Translation: “Early on in the work of its Vision 2030, the Kingdom placed great importance on architecture, considering it an important part of the Saudi heritage, which enjoys distinct characteristics and features, such as originality rooted in the island’s history and ancient Arabism, whose visionary aspirations go far. His Royal Highness the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman issued the royal order to launch the Saudi Architecture Map, which includes 19 architectural styles, reflecting His Highness’s interest in preserving the Kingdom’s rich, diverse urban, and cultural heritage.”
• Economic Driver: The Saudi Architecture Map is not solely about preservation but also aims to be a significant economic driver within the priorities of Vision 2030. This includes developing tourist and cultural areas, which is expected to increase national income directly and indirectly, stimulate non-oil sectors and tourism, and boost growth related to tourism and hospitality.
• Quote: “ال�صعودية من م�صار اقت�صادي مهم، يندرج �صمن على القدرة يف يتمثل ،2030 روؤيتتة أولويتات مبكانتها واالرتقاء ال�صعودية، املناطق تطوير ال�صياحية والثقافية، االأمر الذي ينعك�س ب�صكل زيادة عر الوطني االقت�صاد على مبا�صر غر القطاعات وتن�صيط وال�صياح، التتزوار أعتتداد النمو املرتبطة بال�صياحة وال�صيافة، مما يدعم ال�صعودية، املتدن يف واال�صتثمار االقت�صادي وي�صاهم بزيادة إجمايل الناجت املحلي الراكمي بأكرث من ثمانية مليارات ريال بحول 2030.”
• Translation: “The Saudi architecture is a significant economic pathway, falling within the priorities of the Vision 2030, represented in the ability to elevate the status of Saudi regions and develop tourist and cultural areas. This will directly increase the national economy, stimulate non-oil sectors and tourism, and enhance the growth of visitors related to tourism and hospitality, thereby supporting economic investment in Saudi cities and contributing to an increase in the total accumulated GDP by more than eight billion riyals by around 2030.”
• Heritage Initiatives: The government’s interest has led to initiatives like the establishment of the “Architectural Heritage Modernization” body in 2023, which focuses on preserving and modernizing important modern architectural heritage and nurturing key distinguished built cultural models representing the memory and history of Saudi architecture across different historical periods.
• Economic Impact of the Architecture Map: The implementation of the Saudi Architecture Map is projected to contribute 8 billion riyals to the cumulative GDP by 2030 and create over 34,000 direct and indirect job opportunities. It is seen as an investment that will enhance value in the real estate sector and support balanced urban development attractive to both local and foreign investors.

2. Economic Developments:

• Stable Inflation Rate: The annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia stabilized at 2.0% in February 2025 compared to January 2024 year-on-year. This is considered low compared to many other parts of the world, indicating the effectiveness of the Kingdom’s financial, monetary, and economic measures to curb inflation and address global price increases.
• Key Drivers of Inflation: The rise in housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuel prices contributed to the 7.1% inflation rate. Food and beverage prices also rose by 1%, and actual housing rents increased by 8.5%, particularly villa rents which saw an 11.2% increase in Jeddah, Abha, Hail, and Arar.
• Month-on-Month Inflation: On a monthly basis, the consumer price index rose slightly by 0.2% in February 2025 compared to January of the same year, driven by an increase in the housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuel sectors (0.4%), primarily due to higher actual housing rents.
• Success of Government Policies: The continued stability of the inflation rate at a low level demonstrates the success of the central bank’s policies and the financial plans implemented to contain inflation, as well as other government measures such as direct support to vulnerable segments of society and monitoring markets to prevent unjustified price increases.
• Saudi Economy Achieving Goals: The Saudi economy is reportedly achieving its goals, with the non-oil sector growing by 4.3% in 2024, supported by sectors like trade, restaurants, hotels, and real estate. This non-oil sector growth in the fourth quarter marked the 16th consecutive quarter of such growth, reflecting the Kingdom’s determination to diversify its income sources and reduce reliance on oil.
• Budget Performance: In 2024, the Kingdom achieved revenues of 1.26 trillion riyals (a 4% annual increase) with non-oil revenues in the fourth quarter reaching 132 billion riyals (a 21% annual increase). Expenditures amounted to 1.375 trillion riyals (a 6% annual increase).

3. Regional and International Issues:

• Ukraine War: Russian President Vladimir Putin confirmed a planned phone conversation with US President Donald Trump to discuss ending the war in Ukraine. This follows a proposed US-backed truce for 30 days, which Ukraine has agreed to under certain conditions. Russia has not yet given its final position on the proposed truce, but Putin indicated “serious” issues he wants to discuss with Trump.
• Gaza Conflict: Israeli occupation forces continued their operations in the Gaza Strip, particularly in the south near Rafah. Negotiations are ongoing for a deal involving the exchange of prisoners and a ceasefire. US envoy to the Middle East, Stephen Wikoff, stated that Hamas’s response to a proposal for extending the ceasefire in Gaza was “absolutely not acceptable.” A Hamas delegation is expected to arrive in Cairo within two days for further discussions.
• Hezbollah Activity: Hezbollah reportedly targeted a photographer and a journalist on the Syrian-Lebanese border, according to the Syrian General Directorate of Media in Homs Governorate.
• Houthis in Yemen: Houthi rebels claimed responsibility for attacks on a US aircraft carrier in the Red Sea for the second time, asserting they are targeting US ships. They reported that US strikes on Yemen resulted in 53 deaths. The Houthi leader called for mass demonstrations in protest of the strikes. The US Department of Defense confirmed that Houthis have attacked US ships 174 times and commercial ships 145 times since 2023.
• Syria Crisis: Germany pledged an additional 300 million euros in humanitarian aid for Syria. The international community is trying to rebuild the country, with the UN estimating it could take at least half a century for Syria’s economy to return to its pre-war state.
• “Unacceptable” Hamas Response: The US envoy to the Middle East described Hamas’s response to a proposal for extending the Gaza ceasefire as “absolutely unacceptable.”

4. Local Initiatives and Events:

• Ramadan Aid: The “Estejaba” initiative, in line with the leadership’s commitment to improving the quality of life for social security beneficiaries, is providing Ramadan aid worth 1000 riyals for family heads and 500 riyals for each dependent, with direct deposit into bank accounts.
• Tabuk Municipality Updates: The Tabuk Municipality is updating its list of commercial activities to reflect modern changes, enabling business owners to obtain licenses for various activities, including women’s and men’s salons, tailoring, and eye clinics, provided certain conditions are met, including adherence to ISIC codes and specific health and professional certifications.
• Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ Gift Program: The program for distributing dates has reached Portugal and Germany.
• Al-Jouf Mosque Restoration: The Crown Prince’s project aims to preserve and maintain historical mosques in the Al-Jouf region, including the Al-Sheikh Hussein Mosque in Dumat al-Jandal, which dates back to 620 AH, making it one of the oldest mosques in the region.
• King Salman Humanitarian Aid: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre distributed 1,390 food baskets to those most in need in various directorates in Arhab and Dhulfa provinces in Yemen, benefiting 8,340 individuals as part of the Ramadan “Ita’am” (feeding) project. The center also distributed 2 tons of dates in Yemen, expected to benefit around 8,000 people.
• Order of King Abdulaziz: The Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs presented the Order of King Abdulaziz (Second Class) to the Palestinian and Egyptian ambassadors to the Kingdom in recognition of their efforts in strengthening bilateral relations and cooperation.
• “Ramadani Nights” Festival: The Saudi Arabian Society for Culture and Arts (“Funoon Al Riyadh”) organized the “Ramadani Nights” festival, featuring various cultural and entertainment activities suitable for different age groups, aiming to create a unique Ramadan experience that aligns with the spirit of the holy month and supports the cultural scene in line with Vision 2030.
• Red Sea Labs “Series Lab”: The Red Sea Film Foundation’s “Red Sea Labs” has opened applications for the third edition of its “Series Lab” program, in partnership with Film Independent. The program aims to support television content creators and aspiring writers from Asia, Africa, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab world by providing them with the necessary skills and knowledge.
• Sharjah Exhibition Participation: The King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies is participating in the Sharjah Islamic Manuscripts Exhibition with three rare manuscripts, highlighting its pioneering role in research and Islamic studies.
• Theater Authority Competition: The Theater and Performing Arts Authority is accepting submissions for the third edition of the Playwriting Competition under the slogan “The Story Begins Here,” aiming to encourage creative writing for the local theater scene and support playwrights and authors who reflect Saudi culture.
• Rethinking Ramadan Work Hours: An article discusses the potential benefits of shifting official working hours during Ramadan to start at 7 AM, arguing it could reduce absenteeism and better align with the habits of the holy month, while acknowledging it may not completely solve the issue.
• Minister of Media on Media’s Future: The Minister of Media discussed the strategic directions for the future of media in Saudi Arabia in light of Vision 2030, emphasizing its role as a key pillar of national development, enhancing national belonging, and contributing to economic diversification. He noted the significant growth in the media sector’s contribution to GDP and the high engagement of Saudis with social media.
• Yanbu as a Tourism Hub: An article highlights the potential of Yanbu to become a unique tourist center due to its unique natural and historical elements, suggesting it is a promising investment in the Kingdom’s future.
• Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration: A discussion among businessmen highlighted the development of the Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration, with the appointment of top talent and the inclusion of international expertise, emphasizing its importance for those looking to invest in Saudi Arabia.
• Obituary for Major General Ali Al-Ghamdi: An obituary mourns the passing of Major General Ali bin Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, recognizing his loyal service to his religion, leaders, and nation.
• “Science Day” Significance: An article emphasizes the national significance of Saudi “Science Day” (March 11th), established by King Salman, as a symbol of national unity, sovereignty, and the deep-rooted values upon which the Kingdom was founded.
• Volunteerism in Vision 2030: The Minister of Human Resources and Social Development announced that Saudi Arabia has exceeded its Vision 2030 target of reaching 6 million volunteers ahead of schedule, highlighting the enthusiasm and dedication of the Kingdom’s youth in serving their country and the efforts made to facilitate and promote volunteering.
• Saudi National Team Preparations: The Saudi national football team has begun a new phase in its journey to qualify for the 2026 World Cup, facing crucial matches against China and Japan in the current international break. Coach Hervé Renard announced a 27-player list for these matches.
• Al-Ahli in AFC Champions League: Al-Ahli Jeddah is preparing for the AFC Champions League quarter-finals, aiming for the title after a strong performance this season.
• Saudi Referee for Volleyball World Championship: Saudi international volleyball referee Hani Snan has been appointed by the FIVB to officiate at the U-21 Men’s World Championship in China in August 2025.
• Taif Club Wins Judo Championship: The Taif Club won the third open judo championship for visually impaired individuals in the Kingdom, held in Taif.
• Traditional Fishing in Ramadan: An article describes the traditional practice of fishing during Ramadan in the Farasan Islands, highlighting the daily life of the fishermen and their connection to the sea.
• Nubian Ibex Birth in King Salman Reserve: The King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve announced the birth of a Nubian ibex during March, reflecting the success of its efforts to reintroduce and protect wildlife.
• Emergency Response at the Grand Mosque: The Saudi Red Crescent Authority reported a successful emergency response at the Grand Mosque in Mecca, where a pilgrim whose heart stopped was revived thanks to the rapid intervention of ambulance teams and the use of life-saving equipment.
• Criticism of IEA’s Oil and Gas Predictions: An article discusses the International Energy Agency (IEA) facing criticism for its predictions regarding peak oil demand and its stance on investing in new oil and gas fields, with some arguing it could lead to energy supply shortages.
• “Sumnan” Group Supports Disability Initiatives: The “Sumnan” group, under the patronage of Shareek Holding Group, signed a memorandum of cooperation to support the medical and educational initiatives of the Children with Disabilities Association.
• “Yanbu… An Artistic Masterpiece”: An article extols the beauty and potential of Yanbu as a tourist destination.
• “Between the Lines” – “Street of the Blind” Series: A review of the “Street of the Blind” television series notes its focus on romance while overlooking historical achievements.
• “Opinion” – Late Major General Ali… His Legacy Lives On: A tribute to the late Major General Ali bin Ahmed Al-Ghamdi.
• “Sports and Marketing” – “The Scene Will Change”: An article discusses the anticipated changes in Saudi football following the privatization of clubs, highlighting the positive experiences of clubs like Al-Qadsiah and Al-Nassr.
• “World of Sports” – Kano Refreshes Al-Hilal: An article notes the return of player Kano to the Al-Hilal football team.

This briefing document provides a snapshot of the diverse issues and developments covered in the Al Riyadh newspaper on March 18, 2025, reflecting Saudi Arabia’s ongoing efforts towards achieving its Vision 2030 goals amidst regional and global dynamics.

Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030, Global Events, and Ramadan Initiatives

Frequently Asked Questions about the Provided Sources

1. What is the primary focus of Saudi Arabia’s architectural vision as outlined in the sources? The primary focus is on celebrating and investing in Saudi Arabia’s rich and diverse architectural heritage, rooted in its history and cultural identity. This vision, spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, aims to preserve the Kingdom’s unique architectural styles while also fostering contemporary innovation. The initiative, embodied by the “Saudi Architectural Map” encompassing 19 distinct styles, seeks to highlight the geographical and historical diversity of the nation. Furthermore, this architectural focus is positioned as a significant economic driver, contributing to tourism, cultural development, and overall GDP growth in line with Vision 2030.

2. How does Saudi Arabia’s focus on architecture relate to its Vision 2030? The emphasis on Saudi architecture is deeply intertwined with Vision 2030 in several ways. Firstly, it is considered a crucial element in strengthening national identity and pride in Saudi heritage. Secondly, it is viewed as a significant economic investment, expected to generate over 8 billion riyals in cumulative GDP by 2030 and create more than 34,000 direct and indirect job opportunities in the real estate and tourism sectors. By developing attractive environments for both local and international investors and promoting urban development across all regions, the architectural initiative directly supports the economic diversification goals of Vision 2030. It also aims to enhance the quality of future real estate projects and promote Saudi Arabia as a global destination for investment and sustainable living.

3. What are the key features of the “Saudi Architectural Map” mentioned in the sources? The “Saudi Architectural Map” comprises 19 distinct architectural styles that reflect the cultural and geographical diversity of Saudi Arabia. It identifies three main architectural approaches: the traditional style that preserves the unique characteristics of each region, the transitional style that blends modernity with local heritage elements, and the contemporary style that embraces innovation and technology while drawing inspiration from the local environment. Examples of the regional styles include Hejazi architecture, Najdi architecture, the architecture of Tabuk’s coasts, Madinah, Al-Ula, the Arabian Gulf coast, Tihami architecture, Asir architecture, the mountains and architecture of Taif, desert architecture of Bisha, Najran architecture, and the architecture of Al-Ahsa and its oases, and Al-Qatif. This map aims to achieve a balance between urban development and the preservation of national identity, ultimately enhancing the quality of future real estate projects.

4. What is the current status of inflation in Saudi Arabia according to the sources? According to the sources, the annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia remained stable at 2.0% in February 2025, compared to January 2024 on an annual basis. This low rate is seen as a testament to the effectiveness of the financial, monetary, and economic measures undertaken by the Kingdom to curb inflation and counter rising global prices. While housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuel prices contributed to the inflation due to increased housing rental costs, the overall rate remained contained, indicating successful government policies and direct support for vulnerable segments of society.

5. What are the key developments regarding the Russia-Ukraine war and international diplomatic efforts mentioned in the sources? The sources indicate ongoing international efforts to mediate an end to the Russia-Ukraine war. Russian President Vladimir Putin and former US President Donald Trump were scheduled to discuss the conflict. Ukraine reportedly agreed to a 30-day truce proposed by the US, but Russia did not definitively commit to it, noting “serious” issues still needing discussion. Meanwhile, a US envoy stated that Hamas’s response to a proposal for extending the Gaza ceasefire was unacceptable. These reports highlight the complex and delicate nature of the ongoing diplomatic initiatives in both regions.

6. What are some of the social and humanitarian initiatives highlighted in the sources during Ramadan? Several social and humanitarian initiatives during Ramadan are mentioned. The “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ Gift Program for Distributing Dates” reached Portugal and Germany. Distribution operations in Saudi Arabia provided 398,693 iftar meals across a wide network of locations. The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre continued its efforts, distributing food baskets in Somalia and planning to distribute 390,109 food baskets across 27 countries during Ramadan. Additionally, the “Karima Aid” was disbursed, providing financial assistance to beneficiaries of social security. These initiatives underscore the commitment to supporting those in need, especially during the holy month.

7. What are some of the trends and challenges discussed regarding the energy sector in the provided sources? The sources discuss several key trends and challenges in the energy sector. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has faced criticism for its projections on peak oil demand and for allegedly undermining investment in current oil and gas fields, despite the current need for increased production to support global energy security. There’s a debate between those advocating for a rapid transition to renewable energy and those emphasizing the continued importance of oil and gas. OPEC also criticized the IEA’s forecasts as potentially harmful to consumers and energy supplies. Rising geopolitical tensions, particularly involving Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea and retaliatory US strikes, have caused fluctuations in oil prices. Meanwhile, the development and adoption of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is progressing but faces challenges related to cost, production capacity, and the need for consistent policies and regulations.

8. What are some examples of cultural and artistic activities and initiatives mentioned in the sources? The sources highlight various cultural and artistic activities. The “Riyadh Arts” festival held its “Ramadan Nights 5” event, featuring diverse cultural and entertainment experiences. The Red Sea Film Foundation announced the opening of submissions for the third edition of its “Red Sea Series Lab” in partnership with Film Independent, aimed at supporting content creators from Asia, Africa, and the Arab world. The Saudi Theater Authority is accepting submissions for its third theatrical writing competition. These initiatives demonstrate a focus on promoting cultural expression, supporting artistic talent, and enriching the cultural landscape in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia’s Evolving Architecture Map

The sources indicate that the “architecture map of Saudi Arabia has undergone a transformation“. This suggests a dynamic and evolving landscape of architectural styles and urban development across the Kingdom.

Saudi Arabia’s heritage is embodied in its urban patterns and buildings, reflecting the nation’s history through residential quarters and the evolution of arts. This heritage-rich architecture is seen as a product that has adapted to environmental conditions and technological advancements over time, whether from a geographical or technical perspective.

The objectives of Saudi architecture, which would shape this “map,” include several key goals:

• Documenting the various forms of Saudi architecture.
• Developing and enhancing different regions of the country.
• Preserving the architectural identity of the Kingdom.
• Enhancing the status of Saudi cities and the quality of life.
• Achieving a balance between originality and modernity.
• Encouraging innovation among architects and designers.
• Guiding the architectural design process towards contemporary solutions that reflect the Kingdom’s values.
• Creating modern urban environments rooted in the Kingdom’s heritage and aesthetic values.

The transformation of the Saudi architecture map is linked to the increasing attractiveness of the real estate sector, rising property values, and the availability of diverse options for investors that align with the nature of each region. This supports sustainability and enhances the value of local investments in the Saudi market as well as international investments.

The implementation of this architectural and urban renaissance will occur in phases, with the first phase beginning in four cities: Al-Ahsa, Abha, Makkah, and Taif. This suggests that the transformation of the architectural map will initially be concentrated in these key urban centers.

In summary, the “Saudi architecture map” represents the distribution and characteristics of architectural styles throughout Saudi Arabia, influenced by its rich heritage, specific development objectives, and ongoing transformations driven by real estate investment and urban development initiatives in various regions. The initial phase of a significant architectural transformation is set to take place in Al-Ahsa, Abha, Makkah, and Taif. The evolution of this map aims to balance tradition with modernity while preserving the Kingdom’s unique architectural identity.

Saudi Arabia Inflation Steady at 2.0% in February 2025

The sources indicate that the annual inflation rate in Saudi Arabia remained stable at 2.0% during February 2025, when compared to January 2024 on an annual basis. This stability is particularly significant given the high inflation rates experienced in many other parts of the world.

The Consumer Price Index bulletin for February 2025, issued by the General Authority for Statistics, provides further details:

• The overall inflation rate was influenced by an increase of 7.1% in the prices of housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels, with a notable rise of 11.2% in actual housing rents. This increase in housing costs had a substantial impact due to the housing division’s significant weight of 25.5% in the index.
• Conversely, there was a decrease of 2.5% in the prices of the furnishing and household equipment section, driven by lower prices for furniture, carpets, and floor coverings (down by 4.4%). The prices of clothing and footwear also saw a 1% reduction, and the transport section experienced a 1.5% decrease.
• On a monthly basis, the inflation rate decreased in Buraydah, Tabuk, and Jazan, while it increased in Riyadh, Al-Hofuf, Taif, Madinah, Makkah, Najran, Sakaka, and Al-Baha.
• Overall, the monthly inflation rate for February 2025 showed a slight increase of 0.2% compared to January 2025. This was primarily attributed to a 0.4% rise in the housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels section, fueled by higher actual housing rents.

The sustained stability of the inflation rate in Saudi Arabia is seen as an indication of the success of the central bank’s monetary policies and the government’s financial strategies aimed at controlling inflation. Saudi Arabia’s inflation rate is noted to be among the lowest within the G20 countries. Several governmental measures have likely contributed to this stability, including:

• Providing direct support to segments of society needing assistance.
• Regulating fuel prices.
• Enhancing the monitoring of markets and prices.
• Promoting transparency and disclosure in various economic activities and sectors.

US Strikes Against Houthis: Red Sea Attacks

The sources discuss US strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen in response to Houthi attacks, particularly on ships in the Red Sea.

Here are the key points from the sources regarding Houthi attacks and the US response:

• US Strikes: The US conducted raids targeting Houthi rebels in the Al-Salh District of Al-Hudaydah Governorate and Sana’a. These strikes occurred after similar raids and targeted a cotton gin in the Zabid Directorate. A US bombing also reportedly hit a site inspected by Yemenis.
• US Justification: US National Security Advisor Michael Waltz stated that the US strikes targeted Houthi-controlled areas and resulted in the death of “many” leaders. He described these actions as a “warning to Iran” to stop supporting the Houthis’ attacks on ships in the Red Sea. Waltz emphasized that if the Houthis continue to attack ships, those responsible, including their Iranian trainers and supporters, will be held accountable. He also noted that attacking global commerce makes them targets.
• US Resolve: US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin vowed a “relentless” missile campaign until Houthi attacks cease. He clarified that the campaign’s objective is to stop attacks on vital waterways and restore maritime freedom, emphasizing it is a national interest of the United States and not related to the Yemeni civil war.
• Reactions to US Strikes:Former US President Donald Trump commented on the strikes via his social media platform, stating, “Your time is up,” to the Houthis and demanding an end to their attacks.
• Iran responded through its Foreign Ministry spokesperson, who stated that the US has “no right to impose” its foreign policy on Iran. An Iranian Revolutionary Guard commander warned against any aggression.
• Russia, through its Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, discussed the US strikes with US Senator Marco Rubio, conveying Moscow’s concern about the use of force in Yemen and stressing the need to prevent escalation and initiate dialogue in Yemen.
• Houthi Actions: The Houthi rebels have been engaged in attacks that prompted the US response, specifically targeting ships in the Red Sea.

In summary, the sources detail the US military response to Houthi attacks, characterizing it as a direct warning to both the Houthis and their backer, Iran, to cease their actions that threaten maritime security and global commerce. The US has affirmed its commitment to continuing these strikes until the attacks stop. The situation has drawn international reactions from countries like Iran and Russia.

Saudi Arabia: Ramadan Aid Initiatives

The sources indicate several aspects of Ramadan aid distribution in Saudi Arabia:

• Financial Aid to Social Security Beneficiaries: Upon the directives of King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, more than three billion Riyals were disbursed as Ramadan aid to beneficiaries of social security. This initiative reflects the leadership’s concern for meeting the needs of citizens during the holy month of Ramadan.
• The Minister of Human Resources and Social Development, Suleiman bin Ahmed Al-Muhaidab Al-Rajhi, expressed his appreciation for this generous act, highlighting that it embodies the leadership’s approach to supporting citizens and ensuring a dignified standard of living for them. He prayed for the well-being and prosperity of the Kingdom under its wise leadership.
• Distribution of Iftar Meals in Medina: In Medina, 5 meals were provided daily for fasting individuals and their companions at 5 different locations and facilities. This initiative specifically aimed to support visitors, Umrah performers, and patients in hospitals. This distribution was carried out in cooperation with official and charitable organizations to ensure that Iftar meals reached those with the greatest need, particularly those requiring accommodation.
• Ramadan Programs Abroad: A Ramadan program was implemented at the Saudi embassy in Berlin, Germany, suggesting that Ramadan-related aid or activities might also be organized for Saudis or Muslims living abroad.
• Support for Quran Memorizers: The sources mention the support and care provided to memorizers of the Holy Quran during Ramadan, indicating another form of assistance or encouragement during this time.

In summary, the sources highlight a significant distribution of financial aid to social security beneficiaries across Saudi Arabia, as well as the provision of daily Iftar meals to those in need in Medina, particularly travelers and patients. Additionally, Ramadan-related initiatives seem to extend beyond the Kingdom’s borders, as seen with the program in Berlin, and include support for religious activities such as Quran memorization. These efforts collectively demonstrate a commitment to supporting various segments of society during the month of Ramadan.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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