Al Riyadh Newspaper, March 11, 2025 : Islamic Schools, Diplomacy, and National Pride

These articles from the Al Riyadh newspaper cover a variety of topics, with a significant focus on Saudi Arabia’s celebration of its national Flag Day, highlighting its historical significance and cultural importance. The sources also report on various local and international events, including sports news, cultural initiatives like the Saudi Film Festival and King Abdulaziz Library’s efforts to empower women, and regional developments such as humanitarian aid in Jordan and Tanzania, and the ongoing situations in Palestine and Syria. Furthermore, there are articles discussing economic trends, specifically fluctuations in oil prices, and social initiatives, such as mosque renovations and efforts to combat animal cruelty. Finally, some articles provide local news and features related to Ramadan activities and market developments in Saudi cities.

The Saudi National Flag: A Symbol of Unity and History – Study Guide

I. Core Concepts and Significance:

• Historical Roots: Trace the origins of the Saudi flag back to the establishment of the First Saudi State in 1727 and its connection to the Islamic call for unity.
• Religious Symbolism: Explain the meaning and significance of the Shahada (“There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”) as the central element of the flag.
• The Sword: Describe the addition of the sword and its symbolism of justice and strength. Note the direction of the sword’s blade.
• Color Significance: Detail the meaning and importance of the green color of the flag in Islamic tradition and its representation of growth and prosperity.
• National Identity: Analyze how the flag serves as a powerful emblem of Saudi national identity, unity, pride, and belonging for its citizens, both within the Kingdom and abroad.
• Evolution of the Flag: Outline the key changes and modifications the flag has undergone throughout the history of the Saudi states, including the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud.
• Respect and Protocol: Explain the regulations and restrictions surrounding the use and display of the Saudi flag, emphasizing the prohibition of lowering or disrespecting it due to its sacred inscription.
• International Representation: Describe the role of the flag in representing the Kingdom in international forums, embassies, and diplomatic events, highlighting its significance in asserting sovereignty and projecting influence.
• Cultural Influence: Discuss how the flag has become a source of inspiration in Saudi culture, poetry, and artistic expression, embodying national sentiments and values.
• Modern Significance: Understand the contemporary relevance of the flag as a symbol of the Kingdom’s enduring values, historical depth, and aspirations for the future, as reflected in Vision 2030.

II. Key Events and Figures:

• 1727: Establishment of the First Saudi State and the early use of a green flag with the Shahada.
• Imam Muhammad bin Saud: His role in establishing the First Saudi State and the initial flag.
• 1744: Date associated with the consolidation of the First Saudi State and its religious mission.
• King Abdulaziz Al Saud: His crucial role in unifying the Kingdom and the modifications made to the flag during his reign, including the addition and positioning of the sword.
• 1902: King Abdulaziz’s recapture of Riyadh and the raising of the Shahada flag with a new addition.
• 1926: Unification of Hejaz and the return to a rectangular green flag with the white Shahada.
• 1932: Official establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the adoption of the current flag design.
• 1357 AH (1938 AD): Formal regulations issued by King Abdulaziz concerning the raising of the Saudi flag.
• 1393 AH / 1973 AD: Official system of the flag issued, specifying its dimensions and details.
• Ali al-Qarni and Rayanah Barnawi: Their 2023 space mission and raising of the Saudi flag in space.

III. Quiz:

1. What is the central inscription on the Saudi national flag and what does it signify?
2. Describe the symbolism of the sword on the Saudi flag and when it was formally added.
3. Why is the Saudi flag always green, and what does this color traditionally represent?
4. Explain why the Saudi flag is never flown at half-mast, even during periods of national mourning.
5. How did King Abdulaziz Al Saud contribute to the evolution of the Saudi national flag during his reign?
6. What is the historical significance of the year 1727 in relation to the Saudi national flag?
7. In what ways does the Saudi national flag represent the national identity and unity of Saudi Arabia?
8. Describe the protocol that Saudi embassies follow regarding the display of the national flag in foreign countries.
9. How has the Saudi national flag served as a source of inspiration in Saudi poetry and culture?
10. What is the significance of the Saudi flag being raised at international conferences and summits?

IV. Quiz Answer Key:

1. The central inscription is the Shahada: “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” It is the fundamental declaration of Islamic faith and signifies the religious foundation of the Kingdom.
2. The sword symbolizes justice, strength, and the defense of the Islamic faith and the nation. A single sword below the Shahada was formally added by King Abdulaziz Al Saud to represent a new era of unity and sovereignty.
3. The Saudi flag is always green because green is a color of great significance in Islam, often associated with Paradise, growth, and prosperity. It also historically represented the banners of early Islamic states.
4. The Saudi flag is never flown at half-mast because the Shahada inscribed upon it is considered sacred and must always be flown at its full height as a sign of respect for the Islamic creed.
5. King Abdulaziz Al Saud played a key role in the flag’s evolution by standardizing its design. He initially used a square green flag with the Shahada and a sword, later adopting the rectangular shape and the specific positioning of the sword below the Shahada.
6. The year 1727 marks the establishment of the First Saudi State. The sources indicate that a green flag bearing the Shahada was used during this early period, signifying the foundational link between the flag and the origins of the Saudi nation.
7. The Saudi flag embodies national identity by visually representing the Kingdom’s core values: Islam, unity, justice, and historical heritage. It serves as a focal point for national pride and a symbol of belonging for all Saudi citizens.
8. Saudi embassies around the world raise the Saudi flag prominently to symbolize the Kingdom’s sovereignty, independence, and diplomatic presence. It underscores Saudi Arabia’s standing and influence on the international stage.
9. The Saudi national flag has inspired numerous expressions of national sentiment in Saudi poetry and culture, serving as a potent symbol of patriotism, loyalty to the leadership, and the nation’s historical journey.
10. Raising the Saudi flag at international conferences and summits confirms the Kingdom’s presence and influence as a significant political and economic power on the global stage, reflecting its active participation in international affairs and organizations.

V. Essay Format Questions:

1. Analyze the evolution of the Saudi national flag from the establishment of the First Saudi State to its current design, discussing the key historical events and symbolic changes that shaped its form and meaning.
2. Evaluate the significance of the religious symbolism embedded in the Saudi national flag, particularly the Shahada, and discuss how this symbolism influences national identity, values, and international relations.
3. Discuss the ways in which the Saudi national flag serves as a unifying symbol for the diverse population of Saudi Arabia, both within the Kingdom and among Saudis living abroad, considering its historical, religious, and cultural resonance.
4. Examine the regulations and cultural protocols surrounding the use and display of the Saudi national flag, explaining the rationale behind these rules and their importance in upholding the flag’s sanctity and national significance.
5. Assess the role of the Saudi national flag in representing the Kingdom on the international stage, particularly in diplomatic relations, international organizations, and global events, and discuss how it projects Saudi Arabia’s image and influence.

VI. Glossary of Key Terms:

• Shahada: The Islamic declaration of faith: “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” It is the central tenet of Islam and the inscription on the Saudi flag.
• Tawhid: The concept of the oneness of God in Islam. The Shahada is a declaration of Tawhid.
• Sovereignty: Supreme power or authority; in this context, the flag symbolizes the Kingdom’s independent authority and control over its territory and affairs.
• National Identity: A sense of belonging to a nation, sharing common values, culture, history, and often language. The flag is a key visual representation of this identity.
• Allegiance (Wala’): Loyalty and devotion to the leadership and the nation, a sentiment deeply connected to the national flag.
• Unity (Talahum/Wahda): The state of being united or joined as a whole. The flag symbolizes the unification of the different regions into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Justice (Adl): Fairness and moral integrity, symbolized by the sword on the flag.
• Strength (Quwwa): The capacity to exert force or resist opposition, also symbolized by the sword.
• Historical Depth (Al-Umq al-Tarikh): The long and significant history of the Saudi state, reflected in the evolution of the flag.
• National Pride (Iftikhar bil-Hawiyya al-Wataniyya): A feeling of satisfaction and esteem associated with one’s national identity, often evoked by the sight of the national flag.

Briefing Document: Analysis of “Al Riyadh” Newspaper Excerpts (March 11, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes and important ideas presented in the provided excerpts from the March 11, 2025 issue of the Saudi Arabian newspaper “Al Riyadh.” The analysis focuses on key events, social and cultural discussions, economic updates, international relations, and sports news highlighted in the selected articles.

1. National Identity and “Flag Day”

• Theme: The prominent theme across several articles is the significance of the Saudi national flag, particularly in commemoration of “Flag Day.” The flag is presented as a deeply symbolic representation of national unity, the Islamic faith, historical roots, and the Kingdom’s values.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Flag Day commemorates the establishment of the first Saudi state in 1139 AH (1727 AD), rooted in the values of unity and Islam.
• The flag’s green color, the “Shahada” (declaration of faith: “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”), and the sword symbolize unity, justice, strength, and the Kingdom’s historical journey.
• The current design of the flag was officially adopted in 1393 AH (1973 AD), featuring a green rectangle, the “Shahada” in white, and a drawn sword beneath it pointing towards the flagstaff.
• The flag’s history traces back to the banner of the first Saudi state, which was green with the “Shahada.” The sword was later added during the reign of King Abdulaziz to symbolize strength and justice during the unification of the Kingdom.
• The flag is more than just a symbol; it embodies national identity, sovereignty, and a rich history. As stated, “The Saudi flag is not just a flag waving in the sky, but a deep-rooted and noble message that carries within it the identity of faith, sovereignty, and ancient history.”
• There are strict regulations regarding the use and handling of the flag to preserve its sanctity and respect. “The Ministry of Interior has previously warned against prohibitions on the use of the flag of the Kingdom, including: raising the flag of the Kingdom faded or in a bad condition, when it becomes old from use that does not permit its continued use.”
• The flag is a source of pride for Saudi citizens, representing their belonging, love, and loyalty to the leadership and the nation. “Every citizen, male and female, cherishes in their hearts the flag bearing the ‘Shahada of Tawhid,’ taking pride in the national identity, and expressing feelings of cohesion, love, and loyalty stemming from the spirit of belonging and allegiance to the leadership and the homeland.”

2. International Relations and Diplomacy

• Theme: The excerpts touch upon Saudi Arabia’s active role in international diplomacy, particularly in the Middle East and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Meeting with Ukrainian President: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman received Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Jeddah, underscoring the Kingdom’s interest in peace efforts. Zelenskyy acknowledged Saudi Arabia’s “pivotal role” in the Middle East and the world.
• Diplomatic Presence: The Saudi flag is raised high at Saudi embassies worldwide, symbolizing the Kingdom’s sovereignty, independence, and diplomatic presence on the international stage. “In all parts of the world, Saudi embassies raise the Saudi flag high to be a witness to the Kingdom’s sovereignty and independence, reflecting its diplomatic presence and confirming its strength and standing on the international arena.”
• Role in International Organizations: The Saudi flag is present at international conferences and summits of organizations such as the United Nations (UN), G20, Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), highlighting the Kingdom’s influence as a political and economic power.
• Humanitarian Aid: The Saudi flag serves as a symbol of hope and trust in humanitarian aid efforts. Dr. Khalid Al-Subaan of the “Amal” volunteer program noted that the presence of the Saudi flag reassures beneficiaries and enhances the sense of responsibility among Saudi volunteers, projecting a positive national image internationally.

3. Cultural Significance and the Arts

• Theme: The excerpts explore the deep cultural significance of the national flag and the role of art, particularly poetry and cinema, in reflecting and promoting national identity.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Flag in Poetry: Saudi poetry is rich with verses expressing national belonging, pride, and loyalty, often featuring the flag as a central symbol. “The Saudi flag is considered a symbol of identity and homeland, while poetry is a mirror for expressing feelings, and therefore we find that national poems carry many verses that express feelings of belonging, pride, and many deep meanings…”
• Cinema and National Identity: The Saudi film festival, with the theme “Stories Seen and Told,” aims to showcase cinematic creations and highlight Saudi stories, reflecting the Kingdom’s cultural identity. The festival saw significant participation, indicating a growing interest in filmmaking.
• Preservation of Heritage: There is a recognition of the importance of preserving and showcasing Saudi Arabia’s rich history and heritage through various initiatives, including the development of historical mosques and the focus on authentic details in Ramadan cultural events.

4. Economic Updates and Investment

• Theme: The excerpts provide a glimpse into economic trends, investment strategies, and the oil market.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Stock Market Performance: The Saudi stock market experienced a decline, marking its lowest closing since the beginning of December 2024. Analysts advise investors to stay informed, diversify their portfolios, and focus on companies with strong fundamentals.
• Oil Market Volatility: Oil prices declined due to concerns about slowing global demand, the impact of US customs duties on China, and increased production from OPEC+. There is continued volatility expected in the oil market.
• Investment in Qassim Region: A meeting reviewed the investment strategy in the Qassim region, emphasizing partnerships between the public and private sectors to achieve sustainable development in line with Vision 2030.
• “Alec” Company’s Growth: The construction and contracting company “Alec” reported significant annual growth in revenue and workforce, reflecting its strategic expansion in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

5. Social Initiatives and Community Development

• Theme: The excerpts highlight various social initiatives focused on community service, supporting people with disabilities, and preserving Islamic values.
• Key Ideas/Facts:Philanthropic Efforts: The Al-Fawzan family is recognized for their extensive charitable work, including supporting social programs, mosque architecture, and establishing centers for autism and comprehensive rehabilitation.
• Support for People with Visual Impairments: A successful conclusion of the Ramadan Games for the Visually Impaired was reported, demonstrating the Kingdom’s commitment to inclusivity and sports for all.
• Distribution of Quran Copies: Thousands of copies of the Holy Quran were distributed to Umrah pilgrims at King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, reflecting the Kingdom’s dedication to serving pilgrims.
• Development of Historical Mosques: A project led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman aims to develop historical mosques across the Kingdom, preserving their architectural heritage and religious significance in line with Vision 2030’s focus on cultural heritage.

6. Sports News

• Theme: The sports section covers local and international football competitions, rallying events, and achievements of Saudi athletes.
• Key Ideas/Facts:AFC Champions League: Al-Nassr secured a spot in the quarter-finals of the AFC Champions League, while Al-Taawoun is aiming to advance. Al-Ahli Jeddah is also competing.
• European Football: Liverpool gained an advantage in their Champions League tie against Paris Saint-Germain, while Bayern Leverkusen faces a tough challenge against Bayern Munich.
• Rally Dakar: Saudi rally champion Yazeed Al-Rajhi proudly raised the national flag at the Dakar Rally 2025.
• Achievements of Saudi Athletes: Saudi athletes have achieved significant success in various Asian Games, winning numerous medals and raising the national flag on international podiums. The flag is seen as a symbol and motivator for all Saudi athletes. “The flag is in the core of every athlete, but it is a symbol and a great motivator for all athletes during their participation in international and continental championships, and at all levels and in all sports, for raising the flag on the podium remains the dream of every athlete and a goal that everyone aspires to…”

7. Other Notable Points:

• Kafrit Agreement: A proposed bill in the Israeli Knesset aims to cancel the Oslo Accords, a development with potential implications for the Palestinian territories.
• Humanitarian Situation in Gaza: Concerns are raised about the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza following the cutting of electricity supply by Israel.
• Increased European Reliance on US Arms: European countries are increasingly relying on US arms imports, driven by the desire to strengthen their defense capabilities.
• Critique of Ramadan Drama Series: An opinion piece critiques some Saudi Ramadan drama series for prioritizing visual spectacle over strong narratives and historical accuracy, potentially alienating discerning viewers.

Conclusion:

The selected excerpts from “Al Riyadh” on March 11, 2025, present a snapshot of a dynamic Saudi Arabia actively engaged on multiple fronts. The commemoration of “Flag Day” underscores the deep significance of national identity and unity. The Kingdom continues to play a notable role in regional and international affairs, while also focusing on cultural preservation, economic diversification, and social development in line with its Vision 2030. The sports section highlights the achievements and aspirations of Saudi athletes, further contributing to national pride. Overall, the newspaper conveys a sense of national pride, progress, and engagement with both domestic and global issues.

Saudi National Flag: Symbolism and Significance

Frequently Asked Questions about the Saudi National Flag

1. What is the significance of the Saudi National Flag and when did its origins begin? The Saudi National Flag is a deeply significant symbol of national identity, sovereignty, historical depth, and religious commitment for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Its origins trace back to 1727, coinciding with the establishment of the first Saudi state. The flag is rooted in the value of the nation’s knowledge and commemorates the unity and Islamic principles upon which the state was founded.
2. How has the design of the Saudi National Flag evolved throughout history? The flag’s design has evolved over the centuries alongside the establishment and unification of the Saudi states. The first Saudi flag during the first Saudi state was green with the words “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah” inscribed on it. Later, during the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud, a sword was added below the inscription, symbolizing strength and justice. The flag became rectangular and its dimensions were standardized in 1973.
3. What are the key elements of the current Saudi National Flag and what do they symbolize? The current Saudi National Flag is a green rectangle with a width equal to two-thirds of its length. Across the center is the Islamic creed, the shahada (“There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”) written in white in Thuluth script. Below the shahada is a white, unsheathed sword pointing towards the hoist (flagpole) with its hilt facing downwards. The green color symbolizes growth, vitality, and prosperity. The shahada represents the foundational Islamic belief of the kingdom. The sword embodies justice, strength, and the sacrifices made to unify and defend the nation.
4. Why is the Saudi National Flag treated with such high respect, and what are some prohibitions regarding its use? The Saudi National Flag holds a sacred status due to its bearing of the shahada, a fundamental tenet of Islam. This religious significance, combined with its representation of national unity and sovereignty, necessitates utmost respect. Prohibitions include lowering the flag to half-mast (as a sign of mourning), allowing it to touch the ground or water, using it in a worn or faded condition, or any use deemed disrespectful to its symbolic value.
5. Beyond its national symbolism, how does the Saudi Flag function in international contexts such as diplomacy and global organizations? The Saudi National Flag is a powerful tool in Saudi Arabia’s diplomacy and its presence in global organizations. Flown at Saudi embassies worldwide, it signifies the Kingdom’s sovereignty, independence, and diplomatic presence, fostering a sense of belonging for Saudi citizens abroad. Its raising at international conferences and summits, such as the United Nations and the G20, underscores Saudi Arabia’s political and economic influence and its commitment to global issues.
6. What is the significance of ” يوم العلم ” (National Flag Day) in Saudi Arabia? “يوم العلم” (National Flag Day), celebrated on March 11th, marks the historical significance of the Saudi flag and its enduring value to the nation. It commemorates the day the first Saudi state was founded in 1727, highlighting the flag as a symbol of unity, pride in national identity, and the strong bond between the leadership and the people, rooted in loyalty and belonging.
7. How is the Saudi National Flag reflected in Saudi culture, arts, and sports? The Saudi National Flag is deeply ingrained in Saudi culture and serves as a source of inspiration across various domains. In poetry, it evokes strong nationalistic sentiments, loyalty, pride, and belonging. In sports, raising the flag at international competitions is the ultimate aspiration of Saudi athletes, representing national achievement and unity. Even in volunteer work and humanitarian aid, the presence of the Saudi flag fosters a sense of responsibility and pride, reinforcing the Kingdom’s values on a global scale.
8. Can the Saudi National Flag ever be lowered to half-mast, and what is the significance of it being raised in space? Due to the sacred inscription of the shahada, the Saudi National Flag is unique in that it is never lowered to half-mast as a sign of mourning. This unwavering display reflects the enduring principles it represents. The raising of the Saudi flag in outer space in 2023 by Saudi astronauts Ali Al-Qarni and Rayanah Barnawi was a historic moment symbolizing the nation’s ambitions, achievements, and the dedication of its citizens to reach new heights, while still holding their national identity aloft.

Saudi National Flag and Day of the Flag

The sources provided discuss the significance of the Saudi national flag and the designation of March 11th as ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag) in Saudi Arabia. This day, corresponding to the 27th of Dhul Hijjah, 1355 AH (March 11th, 1937 AD), marks the day when the flag was adopted during the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud.

The establishment of ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag) by a royal decree issued on the 9th of Sha’ban, 1444 AH (March 1st, 2023), emphasizes the profound importance of the national flag. It is seen as a manifestation of the state, its power, unity, national cohesion, and sovereignty. The flag serves as a symbol of the Kingdom’s history, which extends back to its foundation in 1139 AH (1727 AD).

The Saudi national flag is unique and highly revered:

• It bears the Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith): ‘لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله’ (There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah). This central tenet of Islam, symbolizing Tawhid (Islamic monotheism), is fundamental to the Kingdom’s foundation.
• Out of deep respect for the Shahada, the Saudi flag is never lowered, even during times of mourning. This distinguishes it from most other national flags.
• Its use for commercial or decorative purposes is prohibited to prevent any unintended disrespect towards the sacred inscription. This underscores its esteemed position and sanctity within Saudi society.

The flag embodies enduring national values, stands as a testament to the unification of the nation, and reflects its Islamic identity. Every Saudi citizen holds the flag with the Shahada in their hearts with pride in their national identity.

In recognition of the flag’s significance, the Ministry of Culture issued a guidance manual for its use following the royal decree that designated March 11th as ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag). This manual details the history of the flag, its applications, protocol, the ‘Saudi Dress of Honor’, and information on other Saudi flags. The establishment of this day and the guidelines for its use highlight the flag’s role as a crucial symbol of national identity and sovereignty.

The Symbolism of the Saudi National Flag

The Saudi national flag holds profound symbolism deeply rooted in the Kingdom’s history, values, and identity. It is far more than just a piece of cloth; it represents the core tenets and aspirations of the Saudi nation.

Key aspects of the flag’s symbolism include:

• The Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith): The inscription “لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله” (There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah) is central to the flag’s meaning [previous turn, 4]. It symbolizes Tawhid (Islamic monotheism), the fundamental principle upon which the Kingdom is founded [previous turn, 6]. The deep respect for this sacred inscription is evident in the fact that the flag is never lowered, even in mourning, a unique characteristic among national flags [4, previous turn].
• Unity: The flag is a “منارة الهوية ورسالة الوحدة” (beacon of identity and message of unity). It has been a “شاهداً على تاريخ المملكة” (witness to the history of the Kingdom) and carries the “مسيرة توحيدها” (journey of its unification). It remains a “رمزاً لوحدة الوطن” (symbol of the nation’s unity).
• National Identity: The Saudi flag “يعد رمزاً أساسياً للهوية الوطنية” (is considered a fundamental symbol of national identity). It reflects the “الهوية السعودية” (Saudi identity) and the meanings of “االنتماء” (belonging) and “الوالء” (loyalty). Seeing the flag abroad evokes a sense of pride and connection to their homeland for Saudi citizens.
• Sovereignty and Power: The flag is a “manifestation of the state, its power, … and sovereignty” [previous turn]. It enjoys “احترام واسع” (wide respect) due to its “رمزيتها الدينية والسيادية” (religious and sovereign symbolism). It also signifies “تحقيق القوة، والعزة، والأنفة” (the achievement of power, honor, and pride).
• Historical Continuity: The flag’s design has remained consistent over the ages, reflecting the “ثبات مبادئها في المملكة” (steadfastness of its principles in the Kingdom) since its establishment. King Abdulaziz’s adoption of his ancestors’ banner as the national flag further underscores this historical link.
• Core Values: The flag embodies enduring national values and the lofty principles upon which the state was founded, including “العدل والتوحيد والقوة” (justice, monotheism, and power), as well as “السلام، والإسلام، والعدل” (peace, Islam, and justice).
• Religious Significance: Beyond the Shahada, the flag’s religious symbolism contributes to its high level of respect, making it “أحد أكثر الأعلام الموقرة عالمياً” (one of the most respected flags globally). It represents the “الوحدة الأساسية للعقيدة” (fundamental unity of creed).
• Respect and Protocol: The prohibition of using the flag for commercial or decorative purposes highlights its sanctity. The traditions surrounding its use, such as never being lowered and swords being brandished under it in military parades, further emphasize its revered status.
• Aspiration and Future: On ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag), the hopes of the nation’s sons for the continuation of the march towards platforms of honor are renewed under the banner of the flag. It is a “راية التوحيد العزة والعلو والمكانة” (banner of monotheism, honor, highness, and status).

In essence, the Saudi national flag serves as a powerful and multifaceted symbol that encapsulates the Kingdom’s foundational religious beliefs, its journey towards unification, its enduring national identity and values, its sovereignty and strength, and its aspirations for the future.

History of the Saudi Arabian Flag

The history of the Saudi flag is deeply intertwined with the establishment and evolution of the Saudi state, dating back several centuries [previous turn, 5].

• Early Origins (circa 1727 AD): The first Saudi flag emerged with the foundation of the first Saudi state in 1139 AH (1727 AD) during the reign of Imam Muhammad bin Saud [5, 29, previous turn]. This early flag was green with a white area near the hoist and a component included. This basic design reportedly carried through the first and second Saudi states.
• The Unification Era under King Abdulaziz: During the period of the modern Kingdom’s establishment, King Abdulaziz Al Saud initially carried a square-shaped green flag. This flag featured the phrase “نصر من الله وفتح قريب” (Victory from Allah and an imminent conquest) inscribed on it, along with a sword underneath. Later, this design was modified to include two crossed swords beneath the Shahada (“لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله“), which was positioned in the center of the green flag. This design persisted until 1926 AD.
• Post-Hijaz Unification (1926 AD): Following the unification of Hijaz, the flag returned to a rectangular shape. It became solid green with the Shahada written in white across its center, without any additional symbols.
• The Modern Flag (1938 AD): The flag underwent its final modification in 1357 AH (1938 AD) during the reign of King Abdulaziz. This is the flag that remains in use today. Its dimensions were set with the width equaling two-thirds of its length. The white Shahada remains in the center, and a white, unsheathed sword is placed below it, with its tip pointing towards the left (fly side) and its hilt towards the bottom (hoist side). This addition of the sword symbolized strength and justice. It’s also noted that King Abdulaziz’s flag was based on the banner of his ancestors.

Throughout these historical developments, the green color has been a constant feature of the Saudi flag. The inclusion of the Shahada from the early stages highlights the foundational Islamic identity of the state [5, 29, previous turn]. The enduring nature of the flag’s core elements reflects the “ثبات مبادئها في المملكة” (steadfastness of its principles in the Kingdom) [8, previous turn]. The current design, finalized in 1938, stands as a powerful “رمزاً لوحدة الوطن وهويته وتاريخه العريق” (symbol of the nation’s unity, identity, and ancient history).

Saudi National Flag Regulations

The Saudi national flag is subject to strict regulations that underscore its sanctity and significance. These regulations aim to prevent any disrespect or misuse of the Kingdom’s most important symbol.

Key regulations regarding the Saudi flag include:

• Prohibition of Lowering (Never Half-Mast): The Saudi flag is never lowered to half-mast, even during periods of mourning [6, 8, 12, previous turn]. This unique regulation is a mark of deep respect for the Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith) it bears.
• Ban on Commercial and Decorative Use: The use of the Saudi flag for commercial, decorative, or advertising purposes is strictly prohibited [6, 9, 12, previous turn]. This is to avoid any unintended disrespect towards the sacred inscription and to maintain the flag’s dignified status. This includes not printing the flag on merchandise such as shoes or carpets.
• Respect in International Settings: The Saudi flag is treated with great care and respect in international events and forums. When displayed alongside other national flags, meticulous attention is paid to ensure no unintended offense occurs.
• Legal Protection: The Saudi flag is protected by strict laws within the Kingdom. Additionally, other nations also adhere to protocols to protect the Saudi flag during official events.
• Proper Display: The national flag is hoisted at all times on all government buildings and public institutions within the Kingdom and at its diplomatic missions abroad, including during official holidays. Considerations of international courtesy are taken into account regarding its use.
• Disposal of Damaged Flags: If a flag becomes faded or is in poor condition, it is not simply discarded. Instead, it must be sent to the official authorities for proper disposal, which involves burning it in a specific procedural manner.
• Guidance Manual for Use: The Ministry of Culture has issued a guidance manual for the proper use of the national flag [11, previous turn]. This manual was created following the royal decree designating March 11th as ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag) and provides comprehensive information on the flag’s history, applications, and protocol.
• Avoiding Disrespectful Contact: It is ensured that the flag does not touch the ground during official events. Similarly, it should not be printed on clothing or products in an inappropriate manner.

These regulations collectively emphasize the profound respect and reverence accorded to the Saudi national flag as a symbol of the nation’s core identity, unity, and faith. The detailed guidelines and legal protections underscore its unique and esteemed position.

The Profound Significance of the Saudi National Flag

The علم (flag), specifically the Saudi national flag, holds immense significance for several profound reasons, as discussed in the sources and our conversation history.

Firstly, the flag’s most prominent feature, the Shahada (“لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله”), imbues it with deep religious significance [previous turn, 4]. This declaration of faith is the cornerstone of Islam and symbolizes Tawhid (Islamic monotheism), the fundamental principle upon which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded [previous turn, 6]. The profound respect for this sacred inscription is underscored by the unique regulation that the Saudi flag is never lowered to half-mast, even in times of mourning [6, 8, 12, previous turn].

Secondly, the flag serves as a powerful symbol of national unity. It is referred to as a “منارة الهوية ورسالة الوحدة” (beacon of identity and message of unity) and a “رمزاً لوحدة الوطن” (symbol of the nation’s unity) [previous turn]. The flag’s history is intertwined with the “مسيرة توحيدها” (journey of its unification), and it stands as a constant reminder of the Kingdom’s cohesion [previous turn].

Thirdly, the علم is a fundamental symbol of Saudi national identity. It “يعد رمزاً أساسياً للهوية الوطنية” (is considered a fundamental symbol of national identity) [previous turn]. For Saudi citizens, seeing the flag, especially abroad, evokes a strong sense of pride (“فخر واعتزاز”) and belonging (“انتماء”) to their homeland [previous turn, 22].

Furthermore, the flag represents the sovereignty and power of the Saudi state [previous turn, previous turn]. It is seen as a “manifestation of the state, its power, … and sovereignty” [previous turn]. Its religious and sovereign symbolism grants it “احترام واسع” (wide respect), both domestically and internationally, making it “أحد أكثر الأعلام الموقرة عالمياً” (one of the most respected flags globally) [7, previous turn].

The history of the Saudi flag reflects the Kingdom’s evolution and the steadfastness of its core principles [6, 8, previous turn]. From its early origins to the final design adopted during the reign of King Abdulaziz in 1938 AD, the consistent presence of the color green and the Shahada highlights the enduring Islamic identity and historical continuity of the nation [previous turn]. King Abdulaziz’s choice to base the flag on the banner of his ancestors further emphasizes this historical connection [8, previous turn].

The strict regulations governing the use of the flag further underscore its significance [previous turn]. The prohibition of commercial and decorative use [6, 9, 12, previous turn], the protocols for its proper display [8, previous turn], and the specific procedures for disposing of damaged flags [8, previous turn] all demonstrate the profound respect and sanctity accorded to it. The issuance of a guidance manual for its use following the designation of March 11th as ‘يوم العلم’ (Day of the Flag) highlights its crucial role as a symbol of national identity and sovereignty [11, previous turn]. ‘يوم العلم’ itself serves as a dedicated occasion to celebrate the flag’s value and its representation of the Kingdom’s long history since its foundation in 1727 AD [9, previous turn].

In essence, the Saudi national flag is far more than a mere emblem. It is a deeply revered symbol that encapsulates the Kingdom’s foundational religious beliefs, its journey toward unity, its enduring national identity and values, its sovereignty and strength, its rich history, and its aspirations for the future. It is a powerful representation of what it means to be Saudi.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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