These articles from the Al Riyadh newspaper cover a range of topics including Saudi Arabia’s foreign relations and aid to Lebanon, its steadfast support for Palestine, and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s diplomatic activities. They also report on global economic concerns affecting stock markets and OPEC+ oil production, alongside domestic Saudi news such as the King Salman Prize for Quran حفظ, Ramadan استقبالات, and development projects. Additionally, the paper features local community initiatives during Ramadan, sports news covering football leagues and international competitions, and health and cultural events, providing a diverse snapshot of current affairs.

Study Guide: Analysis of Al-Riyadh Newspaper Excerpts (March 5, 2025)

Overview of Key Themes

The provided excerpts from the Al-Riyadh newspaper published on Wednesday, March 5, 2025 (Rabi’ al-Awwal 15, 1446 AH) cover a range of domestic, regional, and international news and commentary relevant to Saudi Arabia. Key themes include:

• Domestic Governance and Policy: Statements from the Crown Prince regarding the Kingdom’s commitment to serving pilgrims and supporting social services, cabinet approvals for initiatives like investment promotion and heritage mosque restoration, and regional development projects.
• Foreign Policy and Regional Relations: Saudi Arabia’s stance on the Palestinian issue, its role in supporting Lebanon, its participation in Arab summits, and its perspective on the Sudanese conflict.
• Economic News: Fluctuations in gold prices, a decrease in used car prices in Saudi Arabia, stable vegetable and fruit prices during Ramadan, and financial results of Saudi Aramco.
• Social and Religious Affairs: Preparations for Ramadan in the Two Holy Mosques, initiatives to provide services to pilgrims, Ramadan-related social customs (collective Iftar), and the King Salman Award for memorizing the Quran.
• Cultural and Heritage Preservation: The unveiling of the Islamic Arts Biennale in Jeddah showcasing historical artifacts, and the ongoing project to restore historical mosques.
• International Issues: The ongoing conflict in Gaza, the humanitarian crisis and sexual violence in Sudan, and international economic developments like US-China trade tensions.
• Health and Social Initiatives: Health awareness campaigns during Ramadan.
• Commentary and Opinion: An article on the importance of sustainable social solidarity beyond seasonal charity.

Key Concepts and Topics to Review

• Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Understand how the reported initiatives and policies align with the Kingdom’s long-term goals.
• The Role of the Crown Prince and Council of Ministers: Recognize their functions in setting national priorities and approving policies.
• Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy Principles: Identify the consistent themes in its approach to regional conflicts and international issues (e.g., support for Palestine, territorial integrity of nations, peaceful resolutions).
• The Significance of the Two Holy Mosques: Understand the continuous efforts to enhance services and facilities for pilgrims, especially during peak seasons like Ramadan.
• Economic Indicators: Note the trends in key sectors like automotive and commodities.
• Cultural Preservation Efforts: Appreciate the initiatives aimed at safeguarding Saudi Arabia’s Islamic and national heritage.
• The Impact of Regional Conflicts: Analyze Saudi Arabia’s involvement and stated positions on conflicts in Palestine, Lebanon, and Sudan.
• The Importance of Ramadan: Recognize its significance in religious, social, and economic contexts within Saudi Arabia.
• Humanitarian Issues: Understand the Kingdom’s response and concerns regarding humanitarian crises in the region.

Quiz: Short-Answer Questions

1. According to the Crown Prince’s statement, what are the two key areas the Saudi Arabian government remains committed to supporting?
2. What was the main concern expressed by the Saudi Council of Ministers regarding the situation in the Palestinian territories? What did they urge the international community to do?
3. What kind of aid has Saudi Arabia been providing to Lebanon, and what is the overarching vision for the relationship between the two countries?
4. What was the key message delivered by the Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs at the extraordinary Arab Summit held in Egypt?
5. What are the primary factors contributing to the recent decrease in the prices of used cars in Saudi Arabia?
6. Describe two specific initiatives undertaken in the Two Holy Mosques to enhance the experience of pilgrims during Ramadan.
7. What is the objective of the project to develop historical mosques in Saudi Arabia, and what are some of the features being preserved?
8. What is the “Peace Arab Initiative” mentioned in the context of Saudi Arabia’s policy towards the Palestinian issue, and when was it adopted?
9. What is Saudi Arabia’s stated position regarding the ongoing conflict in Sudan, as reflected in the Foreign Ministry’s statement?
10. What is the main argument presented in the opinion piece regarding social solidarity during Ramadan and beyond?

Quiz Answer Key

1. The Crown Prince stated the Saudi Arabian government remains committed to serving the guests of God (pilgrims) and continuing to support the system of social services.
2. The Council expressed strong condemnation of the Israeli government’s decision to prevent the entry of humanitarian aid into the Gaza Strip. They urged the international community to uphold its responsibilities, activate international accountability mechanisms, and ensure sustained aid access.
3. Saudi Arabia has been sending humanitarian aid to Lebanon via an air bridge, including food, relief, shelter, and medical supplies. The vision for the future is a “partnership era” with strengthened Arab relations, with the joint Saudi-Lebanese statement emphasizing cooperation on important issues.
4. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, representing the Crown Prince, conveyed the greetings of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and reiterated Saudi Arabia’s unwavering support for the Palestinian people’s right to establish their independent state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.
5. The primary factors include an increase in the supply of used cars in the market due to the availability of new models and regulatory measures taken by the Ministry of Commerce that helped to lower prices. Additionally, allowing the import of used cars has increased competition.
6. Two initiatives include the experimental launch of “Al-Tahallul from Nusuk” service using mobile carts within the Haram to serve pilgrims and the development of a baggage storage service with electronic tracking and six designated locations.
7. The objective is to rehabilitate and restore historical mosques for worship and prayer, preserving their original architectural authenticity and highlighting their cultural and historical dimension for the Kingdom. Features being preserved include the traditional Najdi architectural style, such as roofs made of mud, wood, and palm fronds.
8. The “Peace Arab Initiative” is a vision presented by Saudi Arabia at the Beirut Arab Summit in March 2002, which was adopted by Arab leaders. It aims for a comprehensive and just peace in the Middle East.
9. Saudi Arabia expressed its rejection of any illegitimate steps or measures taken outside the framework of Sudan’s official institutions that could undermine its unity or disregard the will of its people, including calls for forming a parallel government. It reiterated its support for Sudan’s security, stability, and territorial integrity and called on Sudanese parties to prioritize Sudan’s interests.
10. The opinion piece argues that social solidarity should extend beyond seasonal charity during Ramadan to become a sustainable effort focused on empowering those in need, providing opportunities, and improving the quality of life through partnerships and initiatives that create lasting impact.

Essay Format Questions

1. Analyze the interconnectedness between Saudi Arabia’s domestic policies (as reflected in the cabinet decisions and development projects mentioned) and its regional foreign policy objectives in the Middle East.
2. Discuss the multifaceted significance of Ramadan as portrayed in the newspaper excerpts, considering its religious, social, and economic dimensions within Saudi Arabia.
3. Evaluate Saudi Arabia’s consistent stance on the Palestinian issue as presented in the excerpts, tracing its historical roots and highlighting the key principles guiding its policy.
4. Critically assess the various challenges and opportunities facing the Kingdom in its efforts to balance economic development (as suggested by investment initiatives and market trends) with its commitment to social welfare and regional stability.
5. Examine the role of cultural and heritage preservation initiatives, such as the Islamic Arts Biennale and the restoration of historical mosques, in promoting Saudi Arabia’s national identity and global image.

Glossary of Key Terms

• ولي العهد (Wali al-Ahd): The Crown Prince, the designated successor to the King.
• مجلس الوزراء (Majlis al-Wuzara’): The Council of Ministers, the main executive body of the Saudi Arabian government.
• ضيوف الرحمن (Duyuf al-Rahman): The guests of God, a term used to refer to pilgrims visiting Mecca and Medina.
• القدس الشرقية (Al-Quds al-Sharqiya): East Jerusalem, considered by Palestinians as the capital of their future state.
• قمة عربية غير عادية (Qimma Arabiya Ghair Aadiya): An extraordinary Arab Summit, convened to discuss urgent matters.
• جسر جوي (Jisr Jawwi): An air bridge, a continuous series of flights to transport aid or personnel.
• الهيئة السعودية لتسويق االستثمار (Al-Hay’a as-Saudiya li-Taswiq al-Istithmar): The Saudi Authority for Investment Marketing (translated based on context of promoting investment).
• قمة فلسطين (Qimmat Filastin): The Palestine Summit (name given to an Arab League summit focused on the Palestinian issue).
• الأونروا (Al-Unrwa): The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).
• مبادرة السلام العربية (Mubadarat as-Salam al-Arabiya): The Arab Peace Initiative, a proposal for ending the Arab-Israeli conflict.
• الحرمين الشريفين (Al-Haramayn ash-Sharifayn): The Two Holy Mosques, referring to the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina.
• بينالي الفنون الإسلامية (Bienali al-Funun al-Islamiya): The Islamic Arts Biennale, a recurring exhibition of Islamic art.
• صدقات (Sadaqat): Voluntary charitable giving in Islam.
• الذوق العام (Al-Dhauq al-A’am): Public decency or etiquette.
• رؤية المملكة 2030 (Ru’yat al-Mamlaka 2030): The Kingdom’s Vision 2030, a strategic framework to reduce Saudi Arabia’s dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors.

Briefing Document: Review of “20706.pdf” (Al Riyadh Newspaper, March 5, 2025)

This briefing document summarizes the main themes, important ideas, and key facts presented in the provided excerpts from the Al Riyadh newspaper, issue 20706, dated March 5, 2025. The excerpts cover a range of domestic and international news, with a significant focus on Saudi Arabia’s policies, activities, and Ramadan preparations.

I. Domestic Affairs and Policies:

• Council of Ministers Meeting: The Council of Ministers, chaired by the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, held a meeting in Riyadh.
• The Crown Prince conveyed congratulations to Muslims on the arrival of Ramadan, emphasizing the Kingdom’s pride in serving the pilgrims of the Two Holy Mosques.
• He affirmed the state’s continued support for the social services system aimed at providing suitable housing for eligible families, praising the cooperation between governmental, private, and non-profit sectors.
• The Council approved the organization of the Saudi Investment Marketing Authority to attract individuals to various regions.
• Support for “Palestine Summit” Decisions: The Council affirmed its full support for the resolutions of the “Palestine Summit” held in Cairo, which aims to reject the displacement of the Palestinian people and end the catastrophic consequences of the war, emphasizing the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination and the establishment of their independent state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.
• Saudi Arabia’s Stance on Palestine: The article highlights Saudi Arabia’s consistent and unwavering support for the Palestinian cause throughout history, starting from the London Conference in 1935. This support spans political, economic, social, and health dimensions, driven by a deep-rooted belief and commitment to the Arab and Islamic nation.
• The Kingdom has provided financial aid, cared for the families of martyrs, and hosted a large number of Palestinians.
• The article emphasizes the historical roles of King Abdulaziz, King Faisal (who sought to transform the Palestinian issue into a central Islamic cause), King Khalid, King Abdullah (who presented the first Arab initiative for Palestine), and King Fahd (as a political supporter).
• Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman reaffirmed that Jerusalem remains in the conscience of the leaders and peoples of Arab and Islamic nations, reiterating the Kingdom’s support until the Palestinian people achieve their legitimate rights and establish their independent state with East Jerusalem as its capital. He stated, “Let the near and the far know that Palestine and its people are in the conscience of Arabs and Muslims.”
• Saudi Arabia contributed $150 million to the Islamic Endowments program in Jerusalem and $50 million to UNRWA.
• The Kingdom stresses the necessity of a just and lasting solution to the Palestinian issue based on international legitimacy resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative, ensuring the Palestinian people’s right to establish an independent state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.
• Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated in February 2025 that the Palestinian people’s right to their land is firm and cannot be taken away, emphasizing that lasting peace will only be achieved by returning to the logic of reason and accepting the principle of equal rights and human dignity.
• Saudi Arabia ranks as a leading donor country to the Palestinian people, with total aid reaching $5,358,848,461 through 295 projects across various sectors.
• Support for Lebanon: Despite regional political tensions, Saudi Arabia has maintained a strong presence and launched an airlift of humanitarian aid to support the Lebanese people facing ongoing challenges. Twenty-seven planes carrying relief supplies, including food, shelter, and medical materials, were dispatched.
• The article suggests a new era of partnership with Lebanon, aiming to strengthen Arab relations, as reflected in the joint Saudi-Lebanese statement issued at the end of the Lebanese President’s visit, which emphasized the importance of enhancing joint Arab action and coordinating stances on key issues of the Arab and Islamic nation.
• The Council of Ministers noted the joint statement between the Kingdom and Lebanon, emphasizing the importance of fully implementing the Taif Agreement regarding weapons and the state’s sovereignty over all its territories, and stressing the role of the Lebanese national army. It also reiterated the necessity of the Israeli occupation army’s withdrawal from all Lebanese territories.
• Amir of Riyadh on King Salman Award for Quran Memorization: The Amir of Riyadh highlighted the significance of the King Salman bin Abdulaziz Award for Memorizing the Holy Quran in its content, methodology, and implementation.
• Amir of Al-Qassim on Water Project: The Amir of Al-Qassim expressed gratitude for the approval of the Jubail-Buraidah water pipeline project, costing 8.5 billion riyals, noting its strategic importance in enhancing water security and supporting sustainable development in the region, aligning with Vision 2030. He praised the collaboration of various ministries and entities in executing the project according to the highest technical and engineering standards.
• Development of Historical Mosques: The second phase of the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques has been launched, aiming to preserve their architectural authenticity, restore them for worship and prayer, and highlight their religious and cultural significance. The first phase, launched in 2018, included the rehabilitation of 30 historical mosques in 10 regions.
• Civil Defense Preparations for Ramadan: The Civil Defense in Makkah and Madinah has intensified its preventive supervision in the central area, accommodation facilities, and vital installations of the Two Holy Mosques to ensure the readiness of fire prevention and protection systems during Ramadan, aiming for the highest standards of readiness to serve pilgrims.
• Comprehensive Operational System in the Two Holy Mosques: The General Authority for the Care of the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque has completed its preparations to receive Ramadan 1446 AH, with a comprehensive operational system focused on managing assets, maintenance, enhancing the pilgrim experience, and coordinating with relevant entities to provide an integrated experience for Umrah performers and worshippers. This includes new services like mobile disinfection units, baggage storage development, increased electric golf carts, and improved I’tikaf experience.
• Distribution of Iftar Meals in the Prophet’s Mosque: Approximately 227,000 Iftar meals are distributed daily in the Prophet’s Mosque during Ramadan.
• Decline in Used Car Prices: Saudi Arabia has witnessed a 6% decrease in used car prices, marking the fifth consecutive monthly decline after previous significant increases. This is attributed to increased supply due to the availability of new models, regulatory measures by the Ministry of Commerce, and the opening of used car imports, enhancing competition. Car auctions have also played a significant role in lowering prices.
• Increased Demand for Vegetables and Fruits in Ramadan: Traders expect a 65% increase in demand for fruits and vegetables during Ramadan, with stable prices due to a balance between supply and demand. They express confidence in the strength of the Saudi economy and the leadership’s vision, attracting suppliers. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture continues its plans to increase local production, aiming for self-sufficiency in line with Vision 2030.
• Importance of Sustainable Social Solidarity in Ramadan: An article emphasizes that Ramadan is a season for social solidarity and helping the needy. However, it stresses the need to move beyond temporary seasonal aid towards creating sustainable impact through initiatives that empower individuals and improve quality of life through partnerships. Saudi companies are recognizing this shift.
• Riyadh Season’s Ramadan Activities: Historic Jeddah is hosting “Ramadan 2025 Season” events, organized by the Historic Jeddah Program under the Ministry of Culture, aiming to revive cultural heritage, strengthen national identity, and offer visitors a unique experience throughout the holy month with diverse cultural and community activities.
• Saudi Students’ Club in Liverpool Celebrates Founding Day: The Saudi Students’ Club in Liverpool held an event to commemorate the anniversary of the Kingdom’s founding.
• Biannual Islamic Arts Exhibition: The Biannual Islamic Arts Exhibition in Jeddah is presenting unique artifacts and scenes under the theme “What is Between Them,” showcasing the history of Islamic arts, both ancient and contemporary. Notable exhibits include the “Dome Structure” previously used to preserve the Maqam Ibrahim.
• Documenting Cultural Sites: The Ministry of Culture has documented historical sites associated with renowned Arab poets throughout the Kingdom, connecting the past with the present through informational signs.
• “Riyadh Market as Seen by Belinken in 1947”: An article reflects on the depiction of the Riyadh market in 1947 by the British traveler Belinken, as part of tracing popular heritage in Western travelers’ accounts.
• Ramadan Atmosphere in Mosques: A poem evokes the spiritual atmosphere of mosques in Riyadh during the nights and days of Ramadan.
• National Awareness Campaign for Early Detection of Diseases: The Riyadh Health Cluster, in cooperation with the Health Holding Company, launched a national awareness campaign titled “Safety in Health” at the Saleh Al-Dossary Center to promote early detection and healthy lifestyles during Ramadan.
• Saudi Arabian Motorsports Company Project Launch: The Saudi Arabian Motorsports Company, in cooperation with the General Directorate of Passports and the General Authority of Civil Aviation, launched the first phases of the Al-Mazar sports project, aiming to enhance the infrastructure for motorsports in the Kingdom.
• Traditional Saudi Games: The Ministry of Interior, represented by the General Directorate of Border Guards, in cooperation with the Saudi Arabian Olympic & Paralympic Committee, concluded the first phase of a heritage initiative focusing on traditional Saudi games, considering them a renewed cultural heritage that strengthens national identity and belonging.
• Ramadan Legacy: An article reflects on the unique spiritual and social atmosphere of Ramadan in Saudi society, emphasizing traditions of unity, generosity, and strengthening community bonds.
• Community Iftar Gatherings: The article highlights the tradition of community Iftar gatherings in neighborhoods, fostering unity and recalling fond memories during Ramadan, with appreciation for the efforts of local authorities and community centers in supporting these initiatives.

II. International Affairs:

• Sudan Crisis: Saudi Arabia reiterates its unwavering support for the unity, safety, stability, and territorial integrity of Sudan, rejecting any illegitimate steps taken outside the framework of official Sudanese institutions that could undermine its unity. The Kingdom calls on Sudanese parties to prioritize Sudan’s interests and avoid division and chaos, reaffirming its commitment to ending the war and achieving peace in accordance with the Jeddah Declaration signed on May 11, 2023.
• The Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement underscores the importance of continued efforts to halt the conflict and work towards peace, recalling the Jeddah Declaration which outlined commitments by the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces to protect civilians and facilitate humanitarian action.
• Gaza Conflict: The Arab League summit in Cairo adopted an Arab plan for early recovery and reconstruction of Gaza to counter attempts to liquidate the Palestinian issue. The plan urges all types of financial, material, and political support for its implementation and calls on the international community and international and regional financing institutions to provide necessary support.
• The statement stressed the strategic option of achieving a just, comprehensive, and lasting peace that fulfills all the rights of the Palestinian people, especially their right to freedom and an independent state with sovereignty over their national soil based on the two-state solution, ensuring security for all peoples and states of the region, including Israel.
• The Arab countries reaffirmed their commitment to resolving all conflicts and disputes in the region peacefully and establishing normal relations and cooperation among all its countries, while firmly rejecting all forms of occupation and aggression.
• The statement emphasized intensifying cooperation with international and regional powers, including the United States, to achieve a just and comprehensive peace in the Middle East, working to end all conflicts and expressing readiness to engage immediately with the US administration and all international partners to resume peace negotiations aimed at a just settlement of the Palestinian issue, ending the Israeli occupation and establishing the independent and sovereign Palestinian state on the June 4, 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital, living in peace and security alongside Israel, and calling for the convening of an international peace conference.
• The statement welcomed the Palestinian decision to work on enabling the National Authority to return to the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, as a embodiment of unity for a transitional period in Gaza. It also valued the proposal from Jordan and Egypt to qualify and train Palestinian cadres to ensure their ability to fully perform their security duties in Gaza, stressing that the security file is a Palestinian responsibility that must be managed by the legitimate Palestinian institutions alone, according to the principle of one law, one authority, and one legitimate weapon, ensuring its continuous stability.
• The statement highlighted the need to address Israel’s concerns regarding long-term security in Gaza.
• Conversely, it noted Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu’s use of withholding aid as leverage to evade the second phase of ceasefire negotiations.
• The continuation of border closures and prevention of aid entry exacerbates the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, where over two million Palestinians face dire living conditions due to the ongoing Israeli war.
• Security Campaign in Latakia, Syria: A security campaign was launched in Latakia following the killing of two security personnel in an “armed ambush,” coinciding with alleged Israeli airstrikes on weapons depots in the Qardaha area.
• UNICEF Report on Sexual Violence in Sudan: UNICEF announced that Sudanese fighters have raped Sudanese civilians, including children as young as one year old, during the ongoing civil war, in what could amount to “war crimes.” The report details harrowing testimonies of survivors and highlights the limited data available, indicating the actual scale of sexual violence is likely much larger. UNICEF calls for an immediate end to this suffering.
• Alleged “Rapid Support Forces” Bombing in Al-Fashir, Sudan: The “Rapid Support Forces” are accused of shelling a market in Al-Fashir, killing six civilians and injuring an unknown number. The Rapid Support Forces control most of Darfur region and are besieging Al-Fashir, the last major city under the control of the army and allied factions. Famine has spread in areas surrounding Al-Fashir, raising fears it could extend to the city itself.
• Liverpool vs. Paris Saint-Germain Champions League Match: An article previews the upcoming Champions League Round of 16 first-leg match between Liverpool and Paris Saint-Germain, noting Liverpool’s strong form in the English Premier League and PSG’s dominance in Ligue 1, while highlighting PSG’s less convincing performance in the Champions League group stage.
• Bayern Munich vs. Bayer Leverkusen Match: An article discusses the upcoming Bayern Munich vs. Bayer Leverkusen match in the Bundesliga, noting Leverkusen’s impressive undefeated run and Bayern’s strong record against Leverkusen at home, predicting a challenging encounter for both teams.
• Benfica vs. Barcelona Match: Barcelona will visit Benfica, aiming to restore their status as one of the continent’s giants.
• Al-Hilal Loses to Pakhtakor in AFC Champions League: Al-Hilal lost 2-1 to Pakhtakor of Uzbekistan in the first leg of the AFC Champions League Round of 16, despite taking an early lead.
• Al-Ahli Closer to AFC Champions League Quarter-Finals: Al-Ahli defeated Qatari side Al-Rayyan 3-1 in the first leg of their AFC Champions League Round of 16 tie, putting them in a strong position to advance.
• Saudi National Football Team Preparations for World Cup Qualifiers: The Saudi national football team is preparing for a crucial match against China on March 20th in the qualifiers for the 2026 World Cup. The article expresses hope for the team’s success in their quest to qualify for the World Cup for the seventh time in their history.
• Asian Qualifiers for Under-17s Championship Draw: The draw for the Asian Qualifiers for the Under-17s Championship in January placed Saudi Arabia in Group A along with China, Thailand, and Uzbekistan.

III. Economic and Financial News:

• Gold Prices Rise: Gold prices increased due to demand for safe-haven assets amid trade tensions sparked by US President Donald Trump imposing new tariffs on major trading partners. Spot gold rose 0.8% to $2917.61 per ounce, marking the second consecutive session of gains.
• Gulf Stock Markets Decline: Most Gulf stock markets experienced declines.
• Saudi Aramco Financial Results: Saudi Aramco announced a net income of 121.3 billion Saudi Riyals (SAR) ($32.3 billion USD) in 2024. The decrease in net income compared to the previous year was attributed to lower revenues due to decreased crude oil prices and refined and chemical product prices, partially offset by higher sales volumes of refined and chemical products.
• Saudi Aramco’s President and CEO, Amin H. Nasser, stated that the strong net income and dividends reflect the company’s exceptional resilience, ability to capitalize on its unique scale and low-cost production, and reliable delivery to customers and shareholders. He noted that global oil demand reached new highs in 2024 and expects further growth in 2025.
• The company is progressing with projects aimed at maintaining its maximum sustainable crude oil production capacity and ensuring reliable energy supplies.
• Saudi Aramco has made progress in its growth strategy across upstream, refining, chemicals, and marketing sectors, with potential additional operating cash flows expected from these expansions by 2030.
• The company’s spare capacity provides flexibility to meet potential oil demand growth.
• Chairman of Saudi Aramco’s Board of Directors, Yasser bin Othman Al-Rumayyan, highlighted the strong dividends distributed to shareholders since the IPO and the significant investor interest in Saudi Aramco’s continued growth story through a secondary public offering and issuance of international bonds and sukuk in 2024.
• Darren Woods of ExxonMobil and Philippe Novac of TotalEnergies on Oil Prices: They commented on the current downward trend in oil prices, attributing it to OPEC+ production increases and US tariffs, along with geopolitical developments related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
• President Trump’s Halt to US Military Aid to Ukraine: This decision, following a disagreement with President Zelensky, and OPEC+’s decision to proceed with planned oil production increases, have influenced oil market dynamics.
• China’s Response to US Tariffs: Following the implementation of US tariffs, China quickly announced retaliatory import duty increases on a range of US agricultural and food products.
• Reliance Industries to Resume Activities in India: The Indian company will resume its activities in India from March 5, 2025, after resolving a gas drilling dispute with the Indian government.
• Trump’s Inspiration from the Saudi Sovereign Wealth Fund: An analysis discusses US President Donald Trump’s stated intention to create a large American sovereign wealth fund, drawing inspiration from the successful Saudi Public Investment Fund (PIF), which is currently ranked among the largest globally. The analysis explores the concept of sovereign wealth funds in the US, noting existing state-level funds, and discusses potential sources of funding and governance structures for a federal fund, emphasizing the need for transparency and independence from political interference.

IV. Social and Cultural Items:

• The Value of Water: An article highlights the essential role of water for life, its unique properties, and its abundance in the universe in frozen form, with liquid water being unique to Earth. It emphasizes the human body’s high water content and the intricate system of water on the planet, referencing Quranic verses about the creation of water.
• Obituary for Moroccan Intellectual Mohammed bin Issa: An obituary commemorates the passing of Mohammed bin Issa, a prominent figure in Moroccan thought, culture, and politics, and the founder of the Asilah Cultural Festival, recognizing his significant contributions and lasting impact.

V. Health News:

• Surgical Removal of Pancreatic Tumor: Dr. Mostafa Habib Soliman performed a successful “Whipple” procedure to remove a cancerous hormonal tumor from the pancreas of a patient suffering from severe abdominal pain.
• The Benefits of Fasting During Ramadan: An article discusses the various health benefits associated with fasting during Ramadan, referencing scientific studies on intermittent fasting and its impact on autophagy, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, weight loss (specifically abdominal fat), and mental well-being through increased serotonin and reduced stress hormones. It also notes potential benefits in reshaping the relationship with food by reducing cravings for sugary items. However, it cautions that prolonged fasting without proper nutrition can lead to adverse effects like dehydration or hypoglycemia, especially for individuals with chronic conditions who require medical supervision.
• Impact of Ramadan on Sleep: A study from the University of the Emirates found that the quality of sleep improved for participants during Ramadan, likely due to reduced caffeine intake and regulated melatonin secretion.
• Seizure of Pharmaceutical Products and Fine for Factory: The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) reported seizing over 100,000 packages of 29 different unregistered pharmaceutical and nerve medications from a factory in violation of regulations. The factory was fined 1.4 million riyals and referred to the Public Prosecution. The SFDA emphasized the importance of adhering to regulations and called on the public to report violations.

This briefing document provides a comprehensive overview of the key information presented in the selected excerpts from the Al Riyadh newspaper. It highlights Saudi Arabia’s active role in regional politics, its ongoing domestic development initiatives, preparations for the holy month of Ramadan, and various economic, social, and health-related news items.

Saudi Arabia: Key Policy Updates and Initiatives

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What was the primary focus of the Saudi Council of Ministers’ meeting? The primary focus of the Saudi Council of Ministers’ meeting, chaired by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, was on two key areas: expressing gratitude for the opportunity to serve pilgrims to the Two Holy Mosques during Ramadan and reiterating the Kingdom’s commitment to supporting social services for its citizens. Additionally, the council addressed regional and international matters, including the Palestinian issue, the situation in Lebanon, and international economic developments.
2. What is Saudi Arabia’s stance on the Palestinian issue, as highlighted in the sources? Saudi Arabia maintains a firm and long-standing supportive stance towards the Palestinian issue. The Kingdom calls for the establishment of an independent Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital. It strongly condemns the Israeli government’s actions, including the obstruction of humanitarian aid to Gaza, and urges the international community to hold Israel accountable and ensure sustained aid access. Saudi Arabia also emphasizes its support for the Palestinian National Authority in its efforts to govern Gaza and provide essential services. This position is rooted in the Kingdom’s historical and religious commitment to the Palestinian people.
3. How is Saudi Arabia addressing the situation in Lebanon, according to the provided text? Saudi Arabia is actively engaging with Lebanon to foster a new era of partnership. Despite past political tensions, the Kingdom has sent significant humanitarian aid to Lebanon, including food, shelter, and medical supplies. The joint Saudi-Lebanese statement released after the Lebanese President’s visit underscores the importance of fully implementing the Taif Agreement, ensuring the Lebanese state’s sovereignty and control over its territory (including border control and arms control), and the withdrawal of the Israeli occupation army from all Lebanese territories.
4. What initiatives are being undertaken to enhance the experience of pilgrims visiting the Two Holy Mosques during Ramadan? Significant efforts are underway to provide a comprehensive and comfortable experience for pilgrims during Ramadan. These include an integrated operational system for managing the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, focusing on maintenance, efficient operations, and enriching the visitor experience. Specific initiatives include the launch of “Tahalul Service” using mobile units for hair shaving (an Umrah ritual), development of a luggage storage service with electronic tracking, increasing the number of electric golf carts for transportation within the mosques, developing manual carts with a unified design, enhancing Itikaf (seclusion) services, improving the electronic booking system for Iftar meals, providing categorized guidance signs, operating centers for children’s hospitality, and offering religious and cultural exhibitions like “First House” which showcases the history of the Kaaba’s construction.
5. What developments were reported regarding the Saudi economy and specific sectors? Several economic developments were highlighted. The Saudi Council of Ministers approved the organization of the Saudi Investment Marketing Authority. The used car market saw a 6% price decrease due to increased supply and the allowance of used car imports. Conversely, gold prices continued to rise, driven by demand for safe-haven assets amidst international trade tensions. The Saudi stock market generally saw declines, mirroring global trends influenced by factors like potential interest rate cuts and geopolitical concerns.
6. How is Saudi Arabia preserving and promoting its cultural and historical heritage, as mentioned in the text? Saudi Arabia is actively working to preserve and promote its cultural and historical heritage through various initiatives. The second phase of the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques has been launched, focusing on restoring and architecturally preserving these significant sites while allowing for non-impactful additions. The Ministry of Culture is also documenting historical locations associated with renowned Arab poets, like the site in Najran where Yaguth bin Abdullah Al-Harthy lived, transforming it into a public park. Additionally, the Islamic Arts Biennale is showcasing rare artifacts and unique displays, such as the former domed structure used to protect the Maqam Ibrahim in Mecca, highlighting the rich history of Islamic art and culture.
7. What role is Saudi Arabia playing in addressing the ongoing conflict in Sudan? Saudi Arabia is deeply concerned about the situation in Sudan and is actively engaged in efforts to mediate and resolve the conflict. The Kingdom has repeatedly emphasized the importance of Sudan’s unity, safety, stability, and territorial integrity, rejecting any external interference in its internal affairs or the formation of parallel governments. Saudi Arabia hosted Sudanese parties in Jeddah, which led to the signing of the “Jeddah Declaration” in May 2023, outlining commitments to protect civilians and facilitate humanitarian aid. The Kingdom continues to urge all Sudanese factions to prioritize Sudan’s interests over any partisan agendas and to work towards a peaceful resolution, in line with the Jeddah Declaration.
8. Beyond immediate aid, how is social solidarity and community support being fostered in Saudi Arabia, particularly during Ramadan? Saudi Arabia is moving beyond solely providing immediate, seasonal aid to fostering sustainable social solidarity and community support. During Ramadan, there is a notable increase in charitable initiatives, with institutions and individuals competing to help those in need. Companies are adopting long-term approaches, focusing on empowering vulnerable groups through initiatives that provide job opportunities and support small businesses, contributing to improved quality of life through partnerships. Community iftars (breaking fast meals) are also a significant tradition, strengthening bonds and fostering a sense of unity among neighbors and friends across different neighborhoods. These gatherings, often organized by volunteers and supported by local authorities, highlight the strong social fabric of Saudi society.

Saudi Arabia and Lebanon: Strengthening Bilateral Relations

Based on the sources, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon share historical ties and are working towards strengthening their relationship in various fields.

Historical Context and Support:

• Historically, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has supported Lebanon’s security, stability, politically, economically, and socially.
• Saudi Arabia played a role in stopping the Lebanese civil war through the “Taif Agreement”.

Recent Developments and Cooperation:

• The President of the Lebanese Republic, Joseph Aoun, recently paid an official visit to Saudi Arabia, marking a potential new phase in Saudi-Lebanese relations.
• The visit aimed to boost bilateral relations and cooperation in various fields, including the economy, in line with the aspirations of the Lebanese people.
• During the visit, discussions covered various aspects of the relationship and ways to develop it in all fields, in addition to discussing regional and international developments.
• Both sides emphasized the importance of enhancing joint Arab action and coordinating stances towards important regional and international issues.

Key Areas of Emphasis in Joint Statements:

• Taif Agreement: Both Saudi Arabia and Lebanon stressed the importance of the full implementation of the Taif Agreement as the foundation for political balances in Lebanon. Saudi Arabia views the full implementation of this agreement as the sole guarantee to prevent Lebanon from slipping towards a constitutional vacuum or political chaos.
• State Sovereignty and Security: The importance of extending the state’s authority over all Lebanese territories and confining arms to the Lebanese state was highlighted.
• Withdrawal of Israeli Forces: Both nations reiterated the necessity of the withdrawal of the Israeli occupation army from all Lebanese territories.
• Economic Recovery: Agreement was reached on the necessity of the Lebanese economy’s recovery and overcoming its current crisis by initiating internationally required reforms based on the principles of transparency and the application of binding laws. Saudi Arabia has historically sought Lebanon’s stability.
• Arab Identity: The joint statement emphasized that Lebanon’s Arab relations are essential for its security and stability.
• Resumption of Exports: Both sides agreed to study obstacles hindering the resumption of Lebanese exports to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Challenges and Past Issues:

• Despite past political repercussions that distanced the Lebanese, Saudi Arabia has continued to provide humanitarian aid to the Lebanese people, including an airlift carrying 27 shipments of relief aid containing food, shelter, and medical supplies.
• There was a continuous debate within Lebanon regarding the Taif Agreement, leading to the Saudi-Lebanese reiteration of its importance.

Future Outlook:

• The recent meeting is seen as a prelude to strengthening relations and looking towards the future under the title of “Partnership for a New Era”.
• Saudi Arabia blesses every sincere effort that seeks the good of the Arab nation and its unity.
• Lebanon, looking to turn a page on the past, sees the enhancement of relations with Saudi Arabia as a priority.

In conclusion, Saudi-Lebanese relations are characterized by historical support, a recent push for renewed cooperation across various sectors, and a shared vision on key regional and domestic issues for Lebanon, particularly emphasizing the importance of the Taif Agreement and Lebanese sovereignty.

Saudi Arabia’s Support for Lebanon: Dimensions and Commitments

Drawing on the sources and our conversation history, the support for Lebanon is a significant aspect of Saudi Arabia’s engagement with the country. This support is multifaceted, encompassing historical, political, security, and economic dimensions.

Historical Support:

• The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has historically supported Lebanon’s security, stability, and its political, economic, and social well-being.
• Saudi Arabia played a crucial role in brokering the “Taif Agreement,” which aimed to end the Lebanese civil war.

Recent Support and Cooperation:

• The recent official visit of the Lebanese Republic’s President, Joseph Aoun, to Saudi Arabia underscores a renewed commitment to strengthening bilateral relations in various fields, including the economy. This visit is seen as a potential “new phase for Saudi-Lebanese relations”.
• Discussions during the visit covered various aspects of the relationship, aiming to develop it across all sectors, alongside discussions on regional and international developments.
• Both Saudi Arabia and Lebanon emphasized the importance of boosting joint Arab action and coordinating their positions on significant regional and international issues.

Key Areas of Emphasis in Supporting Lebanon:

• The Taif Agreement: Both nations have consistently highlighted the importance of the full implementation of the Taif Agreement. Saudi Arabia views this agreement as the fundamental basis for political equilibrium in Lebanon and the primary safeguard against constitutional voids or political instability.
• Lebanese Sovereignty and Security: A central tenet of the support is the emphasis on extending the Lebanese state’s sovereignty over all its territories. This includes the crucial aspect of confining arms to the Lebanese state. The joint statement explicitly mentions the importance of the Lebanese national army’s role and supporting it in this endeavor.
• Withdrawal of Israeli Forces: Both Saudi Arabia and Lebanon have reiterated the necessity of the complete withdrawal of the Israeli occupation army from all Lebanese territories. This remains a consistent point of agreement and support for Lebanon’s territorial integrity.
• Economic Recovery: Recognizing the current economic challenges in Lebanon, both sides have agreed on the necessity of the Lebanese economy’s recovery and overcoming its crisis. This involves initiating internationally required reforms grounded in transparency and the application of binding laws. Saudi Arabia has historically been invested in Lebanon’s stability, which inherently includes its economic well-being. They also agreed to study the obstacles hindering the resumption of Lebanese exports to Saudi Arabia.
• Arab Identity: The joint statements have emphasized that Lebanon’s Arab relations are fundamental to its security and stability. This highlights a shared understanding of Lebanon’s place within the broader Arab context.
• Blessing Sincere Efforts: Saudi Arabia has expressed its support by “blessing every sincere effort that seeks the good of the Arab nation and its unity,” which implicitly includes efforts towards Lebanon’s stability and progress.
• Lebanon’s Perspective: Lebanon, as indicated, prioritizes the enhancement of its relations with Saudi Arabia, viewing it as a crucial step in overcoming past issues and looking towards a more stable future. The Lebanese President’s choice of Riyadh as his first foreign visit further underscores this priority.

In summary, the support for Lebanon from Saudi Arabia is rooted in historical ties and continues through active engagement and a shared vision for Lebanon’s sovereignty, security, and economic recovery. Key to this support is the emphasis on the Taif Agreement as a foundational element for Lebanon’s stability and the need for a strong, sovereign Lebanese state.

Global Trade Activities and Interconnected Economies

Based on the sources provided, there is some information that touches upon aspects of global trade, although none of the sources directly discuss a “global trade war” as a central topic. However, we can infer related concepts and activities:

• Source mentions that the price of copper fell slightly on Tuesday due to the weight of customs tariffs policies pursued by Trump on the metal. Investors in the red metal were also cautiously awaiting meetings of China’s parliament to gain insight into potential economic stimulus measures aimed at boosting domestic demand. This indicates how national trade policies and economic conditions in major economies can influence global commodity markets.
• Sources and discuss the import of used cars into Saudi Arabia. The increased availability of used cars from abroad has intensified competition, contributing to lower prices for consumers in Saudi Arabia. Car auctions in the Kingdom also provide an environment for competitive pricing, including for imported vehicles. These points illustrate the flow of goods across borders and the impact of international trade on local markets and consumer prices.
• Source notes that during the month of Ramadan, Saudi Arabia receives imports of certain fruits and vegetables by air, sea, and land to ensure stable prices and availability. This highlights the reliance on international trade to meet domestic consumption needs, especially during peak demand periods.
• Source mentions that Saudi Aramco issued international bonds in July, with subscriptions exceeding the initial target size due to strong demand from a diverse base of both existing and new institutional investors. In October, Aramco also completed the issuance of dollar-denominated international Sukuk, which also saw subscriptions exceeding several times the target size. This demonstrates Saudi Arabia’s engagement with global financial markets and the flow of capital across borders.
• Source discusses a thought-provoking question about where Saudi Arabia’s sovereign wealth fund should invest. It mentions a suggestion that the fund might find it best to invest the majority of its capital in private markets and basic infrastructure in the United States, driven by a strategic mandate and the philosophy of directing funds towards federal priorities. This reflects considerations around international investment strategies and their alignment with national interests and global economic landscapes.

While these instances do not provide a comprehensive discussion of a “global trade war,” they offer glimpses into international trade activities, the impact of national economic policies on global markets (tariffs), and the interconnectedness of economies through the flow of goods and investments. The mention of tariffs in the context of copper prices is the most direct link to the concept of trade tensions, as tariffs are a common tool used in trade disputes.

Saudi Arabia and the Palestinian Cause

Based on the sources, the Palestinian cause is a significant and consistently addressed issue. Saudi Arabia maintains a firm and unwavering stance in defense of the rights of the Palestinian people.

Key aspects of the Saudi Arabian position on the Palestinian cause, as highlighted in the sources, include:

• Rejection of Displacement: Saudi Arabia strongly rejects the displacement of the Palestinian people from their lands. This was emphasized during the extraordinary Arab Summit “Summit of Palestine” held in Egypt. The Kingdom reiterates this stance, stressing its categorical refusal to infringe upon the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people through any means, including settlement policies or attempts to displace them.
• Support for Legitimate Rights: Saudi Arabia affirms the right of the Palestinian people to their legitimate rights. This includes their right to self-determination and to establish their independent state on the borders of 1967 with East Jerusalem as its capital.
• Condemnation of Israeli Occupation: The sources indicate a strong condemnation of the Israeli occupation and its actions. The need for the withdrawal of the Israeli occupation army from all Lebanese territories is repeatedly stressed, which reflects a broader concern about Israeli occupation in the region. Saudi Arabia denounces the Israeli occupation authority’s crimes against the Palestinian people, highlighting the suffering caused by the occupation and its disregard for international law.
• Support for International Resolutions: Saudi Arabia emphasizes the importance of the full implementation of relevant international resolutions concerning the Palestinian issue.
• Humanitarian Aid: The Kingdom actively contributes to alleviating the humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and its surroundings. The developmental assistance provided by Saudi Arabia to the State of Palestine and the Palestinian people through the Saudi Fund for Development has reached approximately $4.812 billion, covering sectors such as education, health, housing, and refugee housing.
• Advocacy in International Forums: Saudi Arabia, under its leadership, consistently underscores its firm positions on the Palestinian issue in various international forums. The Kingdom’s commitment to defending the Palestinian cause is evident in its statements and actions, including the address to the Shura Council, where the Palestinian cause was highlighted as a top priority.
• Efforts for a Peaceful Resolution: Saudi Arabia supports efforts to reach a comprehensive and just solution to the Palestinian cause. The statement highlights the positive role of Qatar and Egypt, in cooperation with the US administration, in reaching a ceasefire in Gaza and the release of hostages. It also mentions the importance of building on these efforts to develop an executive plan for a lasting solution. The Kingdom, as the chair of the Arab Islamic Committee on Gaza and in partnership with the European Union, supports the holding of an international conference, co-chaired by Saudi Arabia and France, to find and implement a solution to the Palestinian issue.
• Rejection of Harm to Holy Sites: The statement also affirms the support for the Hashemite custodianship of the holy sites, which is relevant to the status of Jerusalem.

In conclusion, the Palestinian cause is a central pillar of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy, characterized by a firm commitment to Palestinian rights, rejection of Israeli occupation and displacement, provision of humanitarian aid, and active engagement in regional and international efforts to achieve a just and lasting solution based on relevant international resolutions and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital.

Saudi Arabia Economic Activities and Initiatives

Based on the sources, Saudi Arabia’s economy is multifaceted, with significant activities in energy, trade, investment, and social development.

Energy Sector:

• Saudi Aramco achieved profits and cash flows in its 2024 results despite lower oil prices. This indicates the continued importance of the oil sector to the Saudi economy.
• Aramco issued international bonds in July, with strong investor demand. This reflects the company’s access to global financial markets and the confidence of international investors in the Saudi energy giant.
• In October, Aramco also completed the issuance of dollar-denominated international Sukuk, which was also oversubscribed. This further demonstrates Aramco’s role in international finance.
• Saudi Aramco has a keen interest in increasing oil production capacity from its fields to maintain its role in the global oil market in the coming years.

Trade and Imports:

• Saudi Arabia experiences imports of used cars, which have increased competition and led to lower prices for consumers. This highlights the impact of international trade on the domestic automotive market.
• During the month of Ramadan, the Kingdom imports fruits and vegetables by air, sea, and land to ensure stable prices and meet increased demand. This reliance on international trade is crucial for food security, especially during peak consumption periods.
• Saudi Arabia agreed with Lebanon to study the obstacles hindering the resumption of Lebanese exports to the Kingdom. This suggests an interest in fostering bilateral trade relations.

Investment and Finance:

• The Saudi Authority for Investment Marketing is being organized, indicating a government focus on attracting and promoting investment in the Kingdom.
• There is discussion about where Saudi Arabia’s sovereign wealth fund should invest, with a suggestion to focus on private markets and basic infrastructure in the United States. This highlights the strategic considerations involved in managing the Kingdom’s substantial financial reserves and their potential global impact. Our previous conversation mentioned that Saudi Arabia is a country with sovereign wealth funds due to financial surpluses.
• Saudi Arabia’s sovereign wealth fund is described by Donald Trump as a “big sovereign fund”.

Government Economic Initiatives and Approvals:

• The establishment of the Saudi Building Code Academy has been approved in principle. This indicates a focus on developing expertise and standards in the construction sector.
• The Council of Ministers affirmed the state’s continued support for the social services system and national initiatives aimed at providing suitable housing for eligible families. This reflects a government commitment to social welfare and improving living standards.
• The Council also reviewed the progress of major development and service projects underway to enhance the Kingdom’s comprehensive renaissance, including the Riyadh Metro project. These projects signify significant government investment in infrastructure development.

Social Welfare and Support Programs:

• The state continues to support social services and initiatives to provide housing for those who deserve it.
• The “Joud Eskan” (Good Housing) campaign is mentioned, emphasizing collaboration between government, private, non-profit sectors, and individuals to achieve its goals.
• There is mention of social security being easier and more accessible through electronic means, supported by programs like “Citizen’s Account,” “Hafiz,” “Maharah,” “Reef,” and “Manaa”. These initiatives aim to support limited-income individuals, entrepreneurs, and investors.

In summary, Saudi Arabia’s economy is heavily influenced by its strong energy sector, particularly through the activities of Saudi Aramco in production and international finance. The Kingdom actively engages in international trade to meet domestic needs and is also focused on attracting investment through initiatives like the Saudi Authority for Investment Marketing. The government demonstrates a commitment to social welfare and infrastructure development through various programs and projects. The strategic management of the sovereign wealth fund also plays a crucial role in the Kingdom’s long-term economic outlook.

By Amjad Izhar
Contact: amjad.izhar@gmail.com
https://amjadizhar.blog

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